4to abbr. [缩略]  quarto 

8vo abbr. [缩略]  octavo 

A1 /ei/ n. (also 亦作 a) (pl. As or A's)  1  the first letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 1 个字母 2 Mus.  the sixth note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 6 个音， A 音 3  the first hypothetical person or example A (假定的第 1 个人或例子) 4  the highest class or category (of roads, academic marks, etc.) 最高等级的，第一流的(道路、学习成绩等) 5 (usu. 通常作 a) Algebra  the first known quantity 【代数】第一已知量 6  a human blood type of the ABO system (ABO 血型分类中的)A 型血 □ from A to B   from one place to another 从 A 到 B ，从甲地到乙地  a means of getting from A to B  从 A 地到 B 地的途径□ from A to Z   over the entire range; completely 从 A 到 Z ，从头至尾；彻底地

A2 /ei/ abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 A.)  1  ace  2  = A LEVEL  3  answer  4  atomic  A-bomb  原子弹 

A3 /ei/ symb. [符]  1  ampere(s) 安培 2 Brit. hist. (of films) classified as suitable for an adult audience but not necessarily for children [英史义] (电影)适合成年人但不一定适合儿童的

a1 /ə, ei/ det. (also an before a vowel 在元音前亦作 an) (called the indefinite article 不定冠词)  1  one, some, any (used when referring to something for the first time in a text or conversation) (cf. 参见 THE) 一个，某个，任何(用于指第一次出现在文本或对话中的事物) 2  one like 类似的一个  a Judas  一个犹大式的人 3  one single 单个，任何一个  not a thing in sight  什么也没看到 4  the same 同一，同样  all of a size  全都一样大小 5  in, to, or for each 每一，每一个  twice a year  每年两次 £ 20 a man  每人 20 英镑 seven a side  每边 7 个 [weakening of Old English ɑˉn ‘one’; sense 5 originally = A2]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AN. 见 AN 的用法注释。 

a2 /ə/ prep. (usu. as 通常作 prefix)  1  to, towards 朝…，向…  ashore  靠岸 aside  靠边 2 (with verb in pres. part. or infin. 后跟动词现在分词或不定式)  in the process of; in a specified state 在…进程中；处于…状态  a-hunting  在打猎 a-wandering  在徘徊 abuzz  一片嘈杂 aflutter  飘扬 3  on 处于…情况  afire  着火 afoot  步行 4  in 在…中  nowadays  当今 [weakening of Old English prep. an, on (see ON)]

a3 abbr. (also 亦作 a.) [缩略]  1  arrives  2  before  [sense 2 from Latin ante]

a4 symb. [符]  1  atto- 微微微，百亿亿分之一 (= 10-18) 2  acceleration 加速 3  are(s) (measure of area) 公亩(面积单位)

a-1 /ə, ei, æ/ prefix  not, without (amoral 不道德的 ; agnostic 不可知论者 ; apetalous 无花瓣的) 不…；无… [Greek a-, or Latin from Greek, or French via Latin from Greek]

a-2 /ə/ prefix  implying motion onward or away, adding intensity to verbs of motion (arise 升起 ; awake 醒来) 用于动作动词以强调动作的进展或继续 [Old English a-, originally ar-]

a-3 /ə/ prefix  to, at, or into a state (adroit 灵巧的 ; agree 同意 ; amass 聚积 ; avenge 报仇) 趋向、处于或进入某种状态 [Middle English a- (= Old French prefix a-), from Latin ad- ‘to, at’: in later words sometimes via French]

a-4 /ə/ prefix  1  from, away (abridge 删节) 自…；分离… 2  of (akin 同类的 ; anew 重新) 有…(性质)的… 3  out, utterly (abash 使羞愧 ; affray 骚扰) 全然 4  in, on, engaged in, etc. (see 见 A2) 在…中；在…上；处于…情况 [sense 1 from Middle English a-, Old French a-, from Latin ab; sense 2 from Middle English a-, from Old English of (prep.); sense 3 from Middle English, Anglo-French a- = Old French e-, es-, from Latin ex]

a-5 /ə/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before sc, sp, st (用于 sc 、 sp 和 st 前)AD- 的同化形式

-a1 /ə/ suffix forming nouns from Greek, Latin, and Romanic feminine singular 构成源自希腊、拉丁和罗曼语的阴性单数名词， esp. (尤指):  1  ancient or Latinized modern names of animals and plants (amoeba 变形虫 ; campanula 风铃草属植物) 动植物的古名或现代拉丁名 2  oxides (alumina 矾土) 氧化物 3  geographical names (Africa 非洲) 地理名称 4  ancient or Latinized modern feminine names (Lydia 莉迪亚 ; Hilda 希尔达) 女子古名或现代拉丁名

-a2 /ə/ suffix  forming plural nouns from Greek and Latin neuter plural, esp. corresponding to a singular in -um or -on  addenda  附录 phenomena  现象 ; and in names (often from modern Latin) of zoological groups  Carnivora  食肉类 构成源自希腊或拉丁语的中性复数名词，尤其是与 -um 或 -on 单数形式对应的；(来自现代拉丁语的)动物学分类名称

-a3 /ə/ suffix colloq. [口]  1  of (kinda; coupla = kind of; couple of) 相当于 of 2  have (mighta; coulda = might have; could have) 相当于 have 3  to (oughta = ought to) 相当于 to

A1 n. & adj. ●n. Naut.  a first class vessel in Lloyd's Register of Shipping 【海】(劳埃德船运承保注册的)第一等船只 ●adj. colloq. [口]  1  excellent; first-rate 极好的；头等的 2  fit; in excellent health 健康的；身体非常棒的

A3 n.  1  a standard European size of paper, 420 × 297 mm 欧洲标准的纸张规格 (420 × 297 毫米) 2  paper of this size 此种规格的纸张 often 常作 attrib.: A3 sheets  A3 纸

A4 n.  1  a standard European size of paper, 210 × 297 mm 欧洲标准的纸张规格 (210 × 297 毫米) 2  paper of this size 此种规格的纸 often 常作 attrib.: A4 sketchpad  A4 速写簿

A5 n.  1  a standard European size of paper, 210 × 148 mm 欧洲标准的纸张规格 (210 × 148 毫米) 2  paper of this size 此种规格的纸 often 常作 attrib.: A5 pages  A5 纸张

AA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Automobile Association (英国)汽车协会 2  Alcoholics Anonymous 嗜酒者互诫协会 3 Mil.  anti-aircraft 【军】防空 4 Brit. hist. (of films) classified as suitable for persons of over 14 years [英史义] (电影)适合 14 岁以上人看的

aa /ˈɑ:ɑ:/ n. Geol.  lava forming very rough, jagged, light-textured masses (cf. 参见 PAHOEHOE) 【地质】(粗糙、不规则、表面有细波纹的)熔岩石块 [Hawaiian 'a-'a]

AAA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Amateur Athletic Association (英国)业余体育协会 2  American Automobile Association 美国汽车协会 3  Australian Automobile Association 澳大利亚汽车协会

aardvark /ˈɑ:dvɑ:k/ n.  a nocturnal mammal of southern Africa, Orycteropus afer, with a tubular snout and a long extensible tongue, that feeds on termites Also called 亦称作 ant-bear, earth-pig 土豚(原产于南非，有管状的吻和很长的可延伸的舌头，以白蚁为食) [Afrikaans from aarde ‘earth’ + vark ‘pig’]

aardwolf /ˈɑ:dwʊlf/ n. (pl. aardwolves /-wʊlvz/)  an African mammal, Proteles cristatus, of the hyena family, with grey fur and black stripes, that feeds on insects 土狼(非洲哺乳动物，土狼科，毛灰色，有黑色条纹，以昆虫为食) [Afrikaans from aarde ‘earth’ + wolf ‘wolf’]

Aaron's beard /ˈɛər(ə)nz/ n.  any of several plants, esp. rose of Sharon (Hypericum calycinum 萼状金丝桃) 金丝桃一类植物(尤指沙伦玫瑰) [with reference to Ps.133:2]

Aaron's rod /ˈɛər(ə)nz/ n.  any of several tall plants, esp. the great mullein (Verbascum thapsus) 麒麟草(尤指毛蕊花属类植物) [with reference to Num.17:8]

A'asia abbr. [缩略]  Australasia 澳大拉西亚

aasvogel /ˈɑ:sfəʊɡ(ə)l/ n. S. Afr.  a vulture [南非]秃鹫 [Afrikaans from aas ‘carrion’ + vogel ‘bird’]

AAU abbr. [缩略] (in the US) Amateur Athletic Union (美国)业余体育联合会

AB1 n.  a human blood type of the ABO system (人类 ABO 血型分类中的)AB 型血

AB2 abbr. [缩略]  1  able rating or seaman 一等水兵(或级别) 2 US  Bachelor of Arts [美]文学学士 [sense 1 from able-bodied; sense 2 from Latin Artium Baccalaureus]

Ab abbr. [缩略]  antibody 

ab- /əb, æb/ prefix  off, away, from (abduct 绑架 ; abnormal 反常 ; abuse 滥用) 偏离，脱离，离开 [French or Latin]

abaca /ˈæbəkə/ n.  1  Manila hemp 蕉麻，马尼拉麻 2  the plant, Musa textilis, yielding this 蕉麻，马尼拉麻(植物) [Spanish abacɑˊ]

aback /əˈbæk/ adv.  1 archaic [古义]  backwards, behind 向后地；朝后地 2 Naut. (of a sail) pressed against the mast by a headwind 【海】(帆)被顶风吹得贴在桅杆上 □ take aback   1  surprise, disconcert 使吃惊；使困惑  your request took me aback  你的要求让我吃惊 I was greatly taken aback by the news  那消息使我感到十分意外 2 (as taken aback adj.) (of a ship) with the sails pressed against the mast by a headwind (帆船)帆被顶风吹得贴在桅杆上 [Old English on bœc (as A2, BACK)]

abacus /ˈæbəkəs/ n. (pl. abacuses)  1  an oblong frame with rows of wires or grooves along which beads are slid, used for calculating 算盘 2 Archit.  the flat slab on top of a capital, supporting the architrave 【建】柱顶板 [Latin via Greek abax abakos ‘slab, drawing board’ originally in the sense ‘a board strewn with sand, for writing on’, from Hebrew 'ɑˉbɑˉk ‘dust’]

Abadan /ˌæbəˈdɑ:n/ n.  阿巴丹 [伊朗港市]

Abaddon /əˈbæd(ə)n/ n.  1  hell 地狱 2  the Devil (Rev. 9:11) 魔鬼(基督教《圣经·启示录》 9:11) [Hebrew, = destruction]

abaft /əˈbɑ:ft/ adv. & prep. Naut. 【海】  ●adv.  in the stern half of a ship 在船尾；在船后部 ●prep.  nearer the stern than; aft of 比…更靠近船尾；在…之后 [A2 + -baft from Old English beœftan from be BY + œftan ‘behind’]

abalone /æbəˈləʊni/ n.  a mollusc of the genus Haliotis, with a shallow ear-shaped shell having respiratory holes, and lined with mother-of-pearl, e.g. the ormer 鲍鱼，石决明 [Latin American Spanish abulón, from Shoshonean aulun]

abandon /əˈbænd(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  give up completely or before completion 丢掉；放弃  abandoned hope  放弃希望 abandoned the game  放弃比赛 2  a  forsake or desert (a person or a post of responsibility) 丢弃，离弃(人或责任岗位)b  leave or desert (a motor vehicle, ship, building, etc.) 抛弃，遗弃，丢弃(汽车、船、建筑屋等) 3  a  give up to another's control or mercy 放弃…而听由他人摆布b refl.  yield oneself completely to a passion or impulse 听任，完全屈从于(某种感情或冲动) ●n.  lack of inhibition or restraint; reckless freedom of manner 无所顾忌；放纵 □ abandonment  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘bring under control’, from Old French abandoner from ɑˋ bandon ‘under control’, ultimately from Late Latin bannus, -um BAN]

abandoned /əˈbænd(ə)nd/ adj.  1  a (of a person or animal) deserted, forsaken (人或动物)被抛弃的，被遗弃的  an abandoned child  被遗弃的孩子b (of a building, vehicle, etc.) left empty or unused (建筑、汽车等)无人的，弃置的；不用的  an abandoned cottage  被弃置的小屋 an abandoned ship  被弃置的船 2 (of a person or behaviour) unrestrained, profligate (人或行为)无约束的，放纵的

abase /əˈbeis/ v. tr. & refl.  humiliate or degrade (another person or oneself) 羞辱(某人或自己)；使(某人或自己)降低身份 □ abasement  n.   [Middle English from Old French abaissier (as A-3, baissier ‘to lower’, ultimately from Late Latin bassus ‘short of stature’): influenced by BASE2]

abash /əˈbæʃ/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 abashed adj.)  embarrass, disconcert 使尴尬；使仓皇失措 □ abashment  n.   [Middle English from Old French esbaïr (es- = A-4 3, baïr ‘astound’ or baer ‘yawn’)]

abate /əˈbeit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become less strong, severe, intense, etc. 削弱；缓解；缓和 2 tr. Law 【法律】  a  quash (a writ or action) 撤销(令状或行动)b  put an end to (a nuisance) 终止(不愉快的事情) □ abatement  n.   [Middle English via Old French abatre from Romanic (as A-3, Latin batt(u)ere ‘beat’)]

abatis /ˈæbətis/ n. (also 亦作 abattis) (pl. same 单复同 or abatises, abattises) hist.  a defence made of felled trees with the boughs pointing outwards [史义]拒木，鹿砦(用砍下的树木建成的防御堡垒) [French from Old French abatre ‘fell’: see ABATE]

abattoir /ˈæbətwɑ:/ n.  a slaughterhouse 屠宰场 [French (as ABATIS, -ORY1)]

abaxial /æbˈæksiəl/ adj. Bot.  facing away from the stem of a plant, esp. designating the lower surface of a leaf (cf. 参见 ADAXIAL) 【植】远轴的，离轴的(尤指树叶的下端表面) [AB- + AXIAL]

abaya /əˈbeijə/ n.  a sleeveless outer garment worn by Arabs (阿拉伯人穿的)无袖长衫 [Arabic ˈabɑˉ']

abbacy /ˈæbəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the office, jurisdiction, or period of office of an abbot or abbess 男(或女)修道院院长职位；管区；任期 [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin abbacia, from abbat- ABBOT]

Abbasid /əˈbæsid, ˈæbəsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling in Baghdad 750 － 1258 阿巴斯王朝(公元 750 至 1258 年统治巴格达的哈利发王朝之一) ●adj.  of this dynasty 阿巴斯王朝的 [Abbas, Muhammad's uncle d. 652]

abbatial /əˈbeiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of an abbey, abbot, or abbess 修道院的；男(或女)修道院院长的 [French abbatial or medieval Latin abbatialis (as ABBOT)]

abbess /ˈæbes/ n.  a woman who is the head of certain communities of nuns 女修道院院长 [Middle English via Old French abbesse from ecclesiastical Latin abbatissa (as ABBOT)]

Abbevillian /æbˈviliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  the culture of the earliest palaeolithic period in Europe 阿布维利文化(欧洲旧石器时代最早期的文化) ●adj.  of this culture 阿布维利文化的 [French Abbevillien from Abbeville in N. France, where tools from this period were discovered]

abbey /ˈæbi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  the building(s) occupied by a community of monks or nuns 修道院，寺院 2  the community itself 修道院的全体人员 3  a church or house that was once an abbey 曾经为修道院的教堂或房屋 [Middle English via Old French ab(b)eïe from medieval Latin abbatia ABBACY]

abbot /ˈæbət/ n.  a man who is the head of an abbey of monks 男修道院院长 □ abbotship  n.   [Old English abbod via ecclesiastical Latin abbas -atis from Greek abbas ‘father’, from Aramaic 'abbɑˉ]

abbreviate /əˈbri:vieit/ v. tr.  shorten, esp. represent (a word etc.) by a part of it 缩短；(尤指单词等)缩写 [Middle English via Late Latin abbreviare ‘shorten’ from Latin brevis ‘short’: cf. ABRIDGE]

abbreviation /əbri:viˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an abbreviated form, esp. a shortened form of a word or phrase 缩简形式(尤指单词或词组的缩写) 2  the process or result of abbreviating 缩略(过程或结果)

abbé /ˈæbei/ n. (in France) an abbot; a man entitled to wear ecclesiastical dress (法国)男修道院院长；有资格穿神职服装的人 [French, from ecclesiastical Latin abbas abbatis ABBOT]

ABC1 n.  1  the alphabet 字母表 2  the rudiments of any subject (任何一科目的)最基础部分 3  an alphabetical guide (按字母顺序排列的)索引，指南

ABC2 abbr. [缩略]  1  Australian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司 2  American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司

abdicate /ˈæbdikeit/ v. tr.  1 (usu. absol. [通常含宾])  give up or renounce (the throne) 放弃(王位)，逊位 2  renounce (a responsibility, duty, etc.) 放弃，辞去(责任，职责等) □ abdication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ abdicator  n.   [Latin abdicare abdicat- (as AB-, dicare ‘declare’)]

abdomen /ˈæbdəmən, æbˈdəʊmən/ n.  1  the part of the body containing the stomach, bowels, reproductive organs, etc. 腹部 2 Zool.  the hinder part of an insect, crustacean, spider, etc. 【动】(昆虫、甲壳类、蜘蛛类等的)身体后部 □ abdominal  /æbˈdɒmin(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin]

abduct /əbˈdʌkt/ v. tr.  1  carry off or kidnap (a person) illegally by force or deception 绑架；诱拐，拐骗 2 (of a muscle etc.) draw (a limb etc.) away from the midline of the body (肌肉等)使(肢体等)外展 □ abduction  n.  □ abductor  n.   [Latin abducere abduct- (as AB-, ducere ‘draw’)]

Abe /eib/   阿贝 [人名]

abeam /əˈbi:m/ adv.  1  on a line at right angles to a ship's or an aircraft's length 正横(在与船身或机身成直角的线上) 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  opposite the middle of (a ship etc.) 与(船等的)中心相对的 [A2 + BEAM]

abed /əˈbed/ adv. archaic  in bed [古义]在床上，卧床地 [Old English (as A2, BED)]

abele /əˈbi:l, ˈeib(ə)l/ n.  the white poplar, Populus alba 银白杨 [Dutch abeel from Old French abel, aubel, ultimately from Latin albus ‘white’]

abelia /əˈbi:liə/ n.  a hardy evergreen shrub of the genus Abelia (honeysuckle family) 六道木(一种耐寒的忍冬科六道木属灌木) [C. Abel, English botanist d. 1826]

abelian /əˈbi:liən/ adj. Math. (of a group) having members related by a commutative operation (i.e. a*b = b*a) 【数】可换群，交换群(或阿贝尔群) [named after Niels H. Abel, Norwegian mathematician d. 1829]

Aberdeen /ˌæbəˈdi:n/ n.  阿伯丁 [英国港市]

Aberdeen Angus /ˌæbədi:n ˈæŋɡəs/ n.  1  an animal of a Scottish breed of hornless black beef cattle 阿伯丁安格斯牛(一种苏格兰品种的无角黑色肉用牛) 2  this breed 此种群 [Aberdeenshire and Angus, former Scottish counties, where the breed originated]

Aberdonian /æbəˈdəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Aberdeen (苏格兰)阿伯丁的 ●n.  a native or citizen of Aberdeen 阿伯丁人(或居民) [medieval Latin Aberdonia]

aberrant /əˈber(ə)nt/ adj.  1 esp. Biol.  diverging from the normal type (尤)【生】变体的 2  departing from an accepted standard 脱离常轨的，脱离正道的 □ aberrance  n.  □ aberrancy  n.   [Latin aberrare aberrant- (as AB-, errare ‘stray’)]

aberration /æbəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a departure from what is normal or accepted or regarded as right 脱离常轨，脱离正道 2  a moral or mental lapse 道德或心理失常 3 Biol.  deviation from a normal type 【生】变体 4 Optics  the failure of rays to converge at one focus because of a defect in a lens or mirror 【光学】(因镜头或镜子有缺陷而引起的)像差 5 Astron.  the apparent displacement of a celestial object from its true position caused by the observer's relative motion 【天】(由于观察者的相对运动而使所观察到的天体位置不同于其实际位置的)光行差 [Latin aberratio (as ABERRANT)]

abet /əˈbet/ v. tr. (abetted, abetting) (usu. in 常用于 aid and abet)  encourage or assist (an offender or offence) 教唆，怂恿；帮助，胁从 □ abetment  n.   [Middle English, from Old French abeter from ɑˋ ‘to’ + beter BAIT]

abetter /əˈbetə/ n. (also 亦作 abettor)  a person who abets 教唆者，煽动者

abeyance /əˈbeiəns/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 in, into)  a state of temporary disuse or suspension 搁置；中止 □ abeyant  adj.   [Anglo-French abeiance, from Old French abeer, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + beer, from medieval Latin batare ‘gape’]

ABH abbr.  actual bodily harm [缩略]实际身体伤害

abhor /əbˈhɔ:/ v. tr. (abhorred, abhorring)  detest; regard with disgust and hatred 厌恶；憎恶，痛恨 □ abhorrer  n.   [Middle English, from French abhorrer or from Latin abhorrēre (as AB-, horrēre ‘shudder’)]

abhorrence /əbˈhɒr(ə)ns/ n.  1  disgust; detestation 厌恶；嫌恶 2  a detested thing 令人厌恶的事物

abhorrent /əbˈhɒr(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of conduct etc.) inspiring disgust; repugnant, hateful, detestable (行为等)令人憎恶的，可恨的；不愉快的，讨厌的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  not in accordance with; strongly conflicting with 不一致的；违背的；有严重冲突的  abhorrent to the spirit of the law  违背法律精神

abide /əˈbaid/ v. (past and past part. abided or rarely 罕作 abode /əˈbəʊd/)  1 tr. (usu. in neg. or interrog. 常用于否定句或疑问句)  tolerate, endure 忍耐，忍受  can't abide him  对他难以忍受 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 by)  a  act in accordance with 遵守；履行  abide by the rules  遵守规定b  remain faithful to (a promise) 忠实于，信守(诺言) 3 intr. archaic [古义]  a  remain, continue 保持，继续b  dwell 逗留，停留 □ abidance  n.   [Old English ɑˉbīdan (as A-2, bidan BIDE)]

abiding /əˈbaidiŋ/ adj.  enduring, permanent 持久的，永久的  an abiding sense of loss  持久的失落感 □ abidingly  adv.  

Abidjan /ˌæbiˈdʒɑ:n/ n.  阿比让 [科特迪瓦首都]

Abigail /ˈæbigeil/   阿比盖尔 [人名]

ability /əˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  capacity or power 能力；才干  has the ability to write songs  有写歌曲的才干 2  cleverness, talent; mental power 智力，能力；天分；脑力  a person of great ability  有很强能力的人 has many abilities  具有多种能力 [Middle English via Old French ablete from Latin habilitas -tatis, from habilis ‘able’]

-ability /əˈbiliti/ suffix  forming nouns of quality from, or corresponding to, adjectives in -able (capability 能力 ; vulnerability 弱点) (用于后缀为 -able 的形容词)构成名词，表示该形容词所指的或与之相一致的性质 [French -abilité or Latin -abilitas: cf. -ITY]

ab initio /æb iˈniʃiəʊ/ adv.  from the beginning 最初，从一开始 [Latin]

abiogenesis /ˌeibaiəˈdʒenisis/ n.  1  the formation of organic matter without the action of living organisms 自然发生，生物自生；偶发 2  the supposed spontaneous generation of living organisms 无生源说 □ abiogenic  adj.   [A-1 + Greek bios ‘life’ + GENESIS]

abiotic /eibaiˈɒtik/ adj.  inanimate, non-living, not of a biological nature 死气沉沉的；无生命的，非生物的 [A-1 + BIOTIC]

abject /ˈæbdʒekt/ adj.  1  miserable, wretched 不幸的，可怜的 2  degraded, self-abasing, humble 堕落的；自卑的；卑微的 3  despicable 可鄙的，卑劣的 □ abjectly  adv.  □ abjectness  n.   [Middle English from Latin abjectus, past part. of abicere (as AB-, jacere ‘throw’)]

abjection /æbˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a state of misery or degradation 凄惨或卑劣的境地，落魄 [Middle English from Old French abjection or Latin abjectio (as ABJECT)]

abjure /əbˈdʒʊə/ v. tr.  1  renounce on oath (an opinion, cause, claim, etc.) 发誓放弃(看法、目标、要求等) 2  swear perpetual absence from (one's country etc.) 发誓不再返回(自己的国家等) □ abjuration  /æbdʒʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin abjurare (as AB-, jurare ‘swear’)]

Abkhazian /əbˈkɑ:ziən, əbˈkeizjən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, an autonomous republic in NW Georgia 阿布哈兹(格鲁吉亚西北部一自治区)人或居民 2  the Caucasian language of Abkhazia 阿布哈兹语 ●adj.  of or relating to Abkhazia, its people, or its language 阿布哈兹的；阿布哈兹人的；阿布哈兹语的

ablation /əˈbleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the surgical removal of body tissue 手术切除身体组织 2 Geol.  the wasting or erosion of a glacier, iceberg, or rock by melting or the action of water 【地质】溶蚀；消融(作用) 3 Astron.  the loss of surface material from a spacecraft, meteorite, etc. through evaporation or melting caused by friction with the atmosphere 【天】大气烧蚀 □ ablate  v. tr.   [French ablation or Late Latin ablatio, from Latin ablat- (as AB-, lat-, past part. stem of ferre ‘carry’)]

ablative /ˈæblətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case (esp. in Latin) of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating an agent, instrument, or location [尤拉丁]夺格(表述动作发出者、手段或位置的名词、代词及与之语法意义相关的词) ●adj.  of or in the ablative 夺格的 [Middle English from Old French ablatif -ive or Latin ablativus (as ABLATION)]

ablative absolute n.  an absolute construction in Latin with a noun and participle or adjective in the ablative case (拉丁语中为夺格的名词、分词或形容词的独立形式 see 见 ABSOLUTE adj. 5) 独立夺格

ablaut /ˈæblaʊt/ n.  a change of vowel in related words or forms, esp. in Indo-European languages, arising from differences of accent and stress in the parent language, e.g. in sing, sang, sung 元音变换(尤指印欧语系诸语言中元音在单词或相关形式中的有规律变化，如 sing 、 sang 和 sung) [German, from ab ‘off’ + Laut ‘sound’]

ablaze /əˈbleiz/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  on fire 着火；着火的(地)  set it ablaze  点着 the house was ablaze  房子着火了 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  glittering, glowing, radiant 闪光的；炽热的；明亮的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  greatly excited 异常兴奋的，激昂地

able /ˈeib(ə)l/ adj. (abler, ablest)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.; used esp. in 尤用于 is able, will be able, was able, etc., replacing tenses of can 代替 can 的各时态)  having the capacity or power 有能力或权力的  was not able to come  不能来 2  having great ability; clever, skilful 很有能力的；天资聪颖的，富有才干的 [Middle English via Old French hable, able from Latin habilis ‘handy’, from habēre ‘hold’]

-able /əb(ə)l/ suffix forming adjectives meaning 构成形容词，意为 :  1  that may or must be (eatable 可食用的 ; forgiveable 可原谅的 ; payable 应支付的) 可以…的；必须…的 2  that can be made the subject of (dutiable 应纳税的 ; objectionable 有异议的) 可作为…对象的 3  that is relevant to or in accordance with (fashionable 时髦的 ; seasonable 合季节的) 与…相关的，根据…的 4 (with active sense, in earlier word-formations) that may (comfortable 舒服的 ; suitable 合适的) (具有积极意义的，早期合成词)可以…的 [French -able, or Latin -abilis forming verbal adjectives from verbs of first conjugation]

able-bodied adj.  fit, healthy 健康的

able-bodied rating n. (also 亦作 able-bodied seaman) Naut.  a rating able to perform all duties 【海】(能承担各种任务的)一等水兵

abled /ˈeib(ə)ld/ adj.  having a full range of physical or mental abilities; able-bodied 具有完好身体或心理素质的；身心健康的

ableism /ˈeibliz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 ablism)  discrimination in favour of able-bodied people 健康人主义(偏向健康人而歧视他人)

able rating n. (also 亦作 able seaman) Naut. 【海】  = ABLE-BODIED RATING 

abloom /əˈblu:m/ predic. adj.  blooming; in flower 盛开的；正在开花的

ablush /əˈblʌʃ/ predic. adj.  blushing 脸红的

ablution /əˈblu:ʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  the ceremonial washing of parts of the body or of sacred vessels etc. (对身体一些部位或圣器的)洁净礼，洗礼 2 colloq.  the ordinary washing of the body [口]通常洗浴 3 Brit.  a building containing washing places etc. in a camp, ship, etc. [英] (在营地或轮船等中)有洗浴设施的建筑 □ ablutionary  adj.   [Middle English from Old French ablution or Latin ablutio (as AB-, lutio from luere lut- ‘wash’)]

ably /ˈeibli/ adv.  capably, cleverly, competently 能干地；巧妙地；胜任地

-ably /əbli/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives in -able 构成对应 -able 形式的形容词的副词

ABM abbr.  anti-ballistic missile [缩略]反弹道导弹

abnegate /ˈæbniɡeit/ v. tr.  1  give up or deny oneself (a pleasure etc.) 放弃，拒绝(享受等)；克制 2  renounce or reject (a right or belief) 拒绝，放弃(权利或信仰) □ abnegator  n.   [Latin abnegare abnegat- (as AB-, negare ‘deny’)]

abnegation /æbniˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  denial; the rejection or renunciation of a doctrine 否认；拒绝或放弃(某种学说、教义) 2  = SELF-DENIAL  [Old French abnegation or Late Latin abnegatio (as ABNEGATE)]

abnormal /əbˈnɔ:m(ə)l/ adj.  1  deviating from what is normal or usual; exceptional 反常的，异常的；变态的 2  relating to or dealing with what is abnormal 关于异常事物的  abnormal psychology  变态心理学 □ abnormally  adv.   [earlier anormal, anomal, via French from Greek anōmalos ANOMALOUS, associated with Latin abnormis ‘abnormality, monstrosity’]

abnormality /æbnɔ:ˈmæliti, -nəˈmæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an abnormal quality, occurrence, etc. 不正常，反常b  the state of being abnormal 异常状态 2  a physical irregularity 身体畸形

Abo /ˈæbəʊ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 abo) Austral. slang offens. [澳] [俚语] [冒犯] ●n. (pl. Abos)  an Aborigine 土人，澳洲土人 ●adj.  Aboriginal 土人的 [abbreviation]

aboard /əˈbɔ:d/ adv. & prep.  1  on or into (a ship, aircraft, train, etc.) 在(船、飞机、火车)上；上(船)；上(飞机)；上(火车) 2  alongside 在…旁边；与…并排 □ all aboard!   a call that warns of the imminent departure of a ship, train, etc. 全都上去！ (轮船、火车等即将开动的警告) [Middle English, from A2 + BOARD and French ɑˋ bord]

abode1 /əˈbəʊd/ n.  1  habitual residence; a house or home (经常性)住所；房屋 2 archaic  a stay or sojourn [古义]逗留；客居 [verbal noun of ABIDE: cf. ride, rode, road]

abode2 past  of ABIDE  

abolish /əˈbɒliʃ/ v. tr.  put an end to the existence or practice of (esp. a custom or institution) 废除，废止(尤指习俗，制度等) □ abolishable  adj.  □ abolisher  n.  □ abolishment  n.   [Middle English via French abolir from Latin abolēre ‘destroy’]

abolition /æbəˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of abolishing or being abolished 废除，废止 2  an instance of this 被废除的事物 [French abolition or Latin abolitio (as ABOLISH)]

abolitionist /æbəˈliʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a person who favours the abolition of a practice or institution, esp. of capital punishment or (formerly) of slavery 废除主义者(尤指主张废除死刑者)；(旧时的)废奴主义者 □ abolitionism  n.  

abomasum /æbəʊˈmeisəm/ n. (pl. abomasa /-sə/)  the fourth stomach of a ruminant (反刍动物的)第四胃，皱胃 [modern Latin from AB- + OMASUM]

A-bomb /ˈeibɒm/ n.  = ATOM BOMB  [A2 4 + BOMB]

abominable /əˈbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  detestable; loathsome; morally reprehensible 讨厌的；可恶的；道德上卑劣的 2 colloq.  very bad or unpleasant [口]非常糟糕的；令人不快的  abominable weather  糟糕的天气 □ abominably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin abominabilis, from abominari ‘deprecate’ (as AB-, ominari from OMEN)]

Abominable Snowman n.  an unidentified manlike or bearlike animal said to exist in the Himalayas; a yeti 雪人(传说生活在喜马拉亚山区的一种既像人又像熊的动物)

abominate /əˈbɒmineit/ v. tr.  detest, loathe 嫌恶，憎恶 □ abominator  n.   [Latin abominari (as ABOMINABLE)]

abomination /əbɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an object of disgust 令人憎恶的事物 2  an odious or degrading habit or act 可憎恶的或卑劣的习惯或行为 3  loathing 嫌恶，深恶痛绝 [Middle English from Old French (as ABOMINATE)]

aboral /æbˈɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  furthest from or opposite the mouth 远口的，反口的 [AB- + ORAL]

aboriginal /æbəˈridʒin(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of races and natural phenomena) inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists (指种族和自然现象)土著的或最早存在的 2 (作 Aboriginal)  of the Australian Aboriginals or their languages 澳大利亚土著民的或土语的 ●n.  1  an aboriginal inhabitant 土著，土著民 2 (作 Aboriginal)  = ABORIGINE 2  3 (作 Aboriginal)  any of the Australian Aboriginal languages 澳大利亚各土著语言 [as ABORIGINE + -AL]■Usage 用法说明 With reference to indigenous Australians, Aborigine is the preferred term in the singular with Aboriginals preferred for the plural. The adjective is always Aboriginal. 对于澳大利亚土著人的称谓，较多用的单数形式为 Aborigine ，复数形式为 Aboriginals 。形容词形式永远是 Aboriginal 。 

aborigine /æbəˈridʒini:/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an aboriginal inhabitant 土著民 2 (作 Aborigine)  an aboriginal inhabitant of Australia 澳大利亚土著民 3  an aboriginal plant or animal 土生土长的植物或动物 [back-formation from pl. aborigines from Latin, probably from the phrase ab origine ‘from the beginning’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ABORIGINAL. 见 ABORIGINAL 的用法说明。 

aborning /əˈbɔ:niŋ/ adv. & adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●adv. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 die aborning)  while being born or produced 出生或生产时 ●predic. adj.  being born or produced 出生的，生产的 [A-4 4 + borning verbal noun from born ‘be born’]

abort /əˈbɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a woman) undergo abortion; miscarry (妇女)堕胎；流产b (of a foetus) suffer abortion (胎儿)流产 2 tr.  a  effect the abortion of (a foetus) 使(胎儿)流产b  effect abortion in (a mother) 使(母亲)堕胎 3  a tr.  cause to end fruitlessly or prematurely; stop in the early stages 使中止，使夭折；在初期即中止b intr.  end unsuccessfully or prematurely 半途而废；夭折 4  a tr.  abandon or terminate (a space flight or other technical project) before its completion, usu. because of a fault (由于故障等原因)放弃，中止(航天计划或其他技术项目)b intr.  terminate or fail to complete such an undertaking (此类计划)中止，夭折 5 Biol. 【生】  a intr. (of an organ or embryo) remain undeveloped; shrink away (器官或胚胎)未能正常发育；萎缩b tr.  cause to do this 使不正常发育；使萎缩 ●n.  1  a prematurely terminated space flight or other undertaking 夭折的航天计划或其他项目 2  the termination of such an undertaking (此类计划的)中止，夭折 [Latin aboriri ‘miscarry’ (as AB-, oriri ort- ‘be born’)]

abortifacient /əbɔ:tiˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  effecting abortion 促使流产(的) ●n.  a drug or other agent that effects abortion 堕胎药物

abortion /əˈbɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the expulsion of a foetus (naturally or esp. by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently, esp. in the first 28 weeks of a human pregnancy (自然或尤指通过医学引流的)堕胎，打胎 2  a stunted or deformed creature or thing 发育不完全或畸形的动物或东西 3  the failure of a project or an action (计划或行动的)失败 4 Biol.  the arrest of the development of an organ or embryo 【生】(器官或胚胎发育的)受阻 [Latin abortio (as ABORT)]

abortionist /əˈbɔ:ʃ(ə)nist/ n.  1  a person who carries out abortions, esp. illegally (尤指非法)为人堕胎者 2  a person who favours the legalization of abortion 赞同堕胎立法的人

abortive /əˈbɔ:tiv/ adj.  1  fruitless, unsuccessful, unfinished 流产的，堕胎的；未完成的 2  resulting in abortion 导致流产的 3 Biol. (of an organ etc.) rudimentary; arrested in development 【生】(器官等)未发达的；发育不全的 □ abortively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French abortif -ive from Latin abortivus (as ABORT)]

ABO system n.  a system of four types (A, AB, B, and O) by which human blood may be classified, based on the presence or absence of certain inherited antigens ABO 血型体系(根据具有或缺少某种抗原，将人类血型分为 4 种，即 A 、 AB 、 B 和 O 型)

aboulia /əˈbu:liə/ n. (also 亦作 abulia)  the loss of will-power as a mental disorder 意志力丧失 □ aboulic  adj.   [Greek a- ‘not’ + boulē ‘will’]

abound /əˈbaʊnd/ v. intr.  1  be plentiful 丰富；富于 2 (foll. by 后跟 in, with)  be rich; teem or be infested 富含；充满；大量存在 [Middle English from Old French abunder etc. from Latin abundare ‘overflow’ (as AB-, undare from unda ‘wave’)]

about /əˈbaʊt/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  a  on the subject of; in connection with 对于，关于  a book about birds  一本关于鸟的书 what are you talking about?  你们在谈论什么？ argued about money  为钱争论不休b  relating to 有关，至于  something funny about this  此事的有趣之处c  in relation to 与…有关  symmetry about a plane  飞机的对称性d  so as to affect 对于，至于  what are you going to do about it?  对于此事你打算怎么办？ 2  at a time near to 将近…的时候，大约  come about four  4 点左右来 3  a  in, round, surrounding 在…中；在…周围  wandered about the town  在城中游荡 a scarf about her neck  围在她脖子上的一条围巾b  all round from a centre 围绕着…，…周围  look about you  看看你四周 4  here and there in; at points throughout 在…地方到处都是；零星般地散落在某地  toys lying about the house  散落在房屋里各处的玩具 5  at a point or points near to 在…附近  fighting going on about us  我们身边正在发生的战斗 6  carried with 带着  have no money about me  我没带钱 7  occupied with 从事，忙于  what are you about?  你在忙什么？ ●adv.  1  a  approximately 大概，大约  costs about a pound  大约花 1 镑 is about right  大概是对的b colloq.  used to indicate understatement [口]用于表示有节制或轻描淡写  just about had enough  差不多够了 it's about time they came  他们差不多该来了 2  here and there; at points nearby 到处；在附近  a lot of flu about  到处都流行流感 I've seen him about recently  我最近在这一带还见过他 3  all round; in every direction 各处；四下  look about  四处张望 4  on the move; in action 在移动；在行动  out and about  在户外活动 5  in partial rotation or alteration from a given position 半转向或相背  the wrong way about  转错了方向 6  in rotation or succession 旋转；连续  turn and turn about  不停地旋转 7 Naut.  on or to the opposite tack 【海】抢风航行的逆行  go about  抢风换向 put about  抢风掉头 □ be about  colloq.  have as its most important aim [口]最重要的是，为的是  putting on the play was not about making money but having fun  演这出戏不是为了赚钱，而是为了娱乐□ be about to   1  be on the point of (doing something) 正要，即将(做某事)  was about to laugh  就要笑出来 2 (with neg. 与否定词连用) colloq.  intending to; prepared to [口]打算…；准备…  we're not about to give in  我们不打算屈服 [Old English onbūtan (on = A2, būtan BUT1)]

about-face n., v. & int. ●n. & v. intr. esp. US [尤美]  = ABOUT-TURNn. & v.  ●int.  = ABOUT TURNint. 

about-turn n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a turn made so as to face the opposite direction 向后转 2  a change of opinion or policy etc. (观点、政策等的)改变，转变 ●v. intr.  make an about-turn 向后转 ●int. (作 about turn) Mil.  a command to make an about-turn 【军】向后转 [originally as int.]

above /əˈbʌv/ prep., adv., adj. & n. ●prep.  1  over; on the top of; higher (vertically, up a slope or stream etc.) than; over the surface of 高于；在(山坡、河流等)上方；超过…  head above water  头露出水面 above the din  在喧闹声之上 2  more than 超过，多于  above twenty people  20 多人 above average  高于平均水平 3  higher in rank, position, importance, etc., than (职位、地位、重要性等)高于…  thwarted by those above him  受到比他地位高的人的阻挠 4  a  too great or good for 超出；不屑于  above one's station  超越某人的身份 is not above cheating at cards  不免搞些牌桌上的小骗术b  beyond the reach of; not affected by 触及不到；不受影响  above my understanding  我不能理解 above suspicion  无可怀疑 5 archaic  to an earlier time than [古义]在…之前，早于  not traced above the third century  没有追溯到 3 世纪以前 ●adv.  1  at or to a higher point; overhead 在…之上；头顶上  the floor above  上面那层楼 the clouds above  头顶上的云彩 2  a  upstairs 楼上  lives above  住在楼上b  upstream 上游 3 (of a text reference) further back on a page or in a book (文章中表示参照)上文  as noted above  如上所述 4  on the upper side 上面；上部  looks similar above and below  看上去上下都差不多 5  in addition 另外  over and above  此外 6 literary  in heaven [文学用语]在天堂  Lord above!  上天啊！ ●adj.  mentioned earlier; preceding 上文提到的；前面的  the above argument  上述观点 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  what is mentioned above 上文提到的内容  the above shows  上述内容表明 □ above all   more than anything else; most of all 最重要的；首先，尤其□ above ground   alive 活着□ above one's head   see 见 HEAD □ above oneself   conceited, arrogant 得意忘形，趾高气扬 [A2 + Old English bufan, from be = BY + ufan ‘above’]

above board adj. & adv.  without concealment; fair or fairly; open or openly 磊落；光明正大

ab ovo /æb ˈəʊvəʊ/ adv.  from the very beginning 最初；从头开始 [Latin, = from the egg]

Abp. abbr. [缩略]  Archbishop 

abracadabra /æbrəkəˈdæbrə/ int. & n. ●int.  a supposedly magic word used by conjurors in performing a trick (魔术师表演时所说)咒语；念念有词 ●n.  1  a spell or charm 咒语，咒符 2  jargon or gibberish 行话；土语；快而含糊不清的话 [a mystical word engraved and used as a charm: Latin from Greek]

abrade /əˈbreid/ v. tr.  scrape or wear away (skin, rock, etc.) by rubbing (皮肤、石头等)擦伤；磨损 □ abrader  n.  磨光机 [Latin from AB-, radere ras- ‘scrape’]

Abraham /ˈeibrəhæm, ˈeibrəhəm/   亚伯拉罕 [人名]

abrasion /əˈbreiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the scraping or wearing away (of skin, rock, etc.) (皮肤、石头等的)擦伤；磨损 2  a damaged area resulting from this 磨损处 [Latin abrasio (as ABRADE)]

abrasive /əˈbreisiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  tending to rub or graze 摩擦的；研磨的b  capable of polishing by rubbing or grinding 可擦亮的，可抛光的 2  harsh or hurtful in manner 粗暴、苛责的性格 ●n.  an abrasive substance 研磨剂，研磨材料 [as ABRADE + -IVE]

abreact /æbriˈækt/ v. tr. Psychol.  release (an emotion) by abreaction 【心】使消散；发泄(情绪) [back-formation from ABREACTION]

abreaction /æbriˈækʃ(ə)n/ n. Psychol.  the free expression and consequent release of a previously repressed emotion 【心】消散；发泄(压抑的情绪) □ abreactive  adj.   [AB- + REACTION, influenced by German Abreagierung]

abreast /əˈbrest/ adv.  1  side by side and facing the same way 肩并肩地；朝同方向并列地 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  up to date 最新式的；流行的b (foll. by 后跟 of)  well informed 见多识广的；消息灵通的  abreast of all the changes  了解所有的变化 [Middle English, from A2 + BREAST]

abridge /əˈbridʒ/ v. tr.  1  shorten (a book, film, etc.) by using fewer words or making deletions 删节(图书、电影等) 2  curtail (liberty) 限制；剥夺(自由) □ abridgeable  adj.  □ abridger  n.   [Middle English via Old French abreg(i)er from Late Latin abbreviare ABBREVIATE]

abridgement /əˈbridʒm(ə)nt/ n. (also 亦作 abridgment)  1  a  a shortened version, esp. of a book; an abstract (尤指书的)删节本，节本；摘要b  the process of producing this 删节；节略 2  a curtailment (of rights) (权利的)限制；剥夺 [French abrégement (as ABRIDGE)]

abroad /əˈbrɔ:d/ adv.  1  in or to a foreign country or countries 在外国；到海外，出国 2  over a wide area; in different directions; everywhere 四处，各处，到处  scatter abroad  四散开来 3  at large; freely moving about; in circulation 广泛流传；自由流通；传播  there is a rumour abroad  谣言四起 4 archaic  in or into the open; out of doors [古义]在室外；到户外 5 archaic  wide of the mark; erring [古义]相去甚远；出错 □ from abroad   from another country 从海外归来，回国 [Middle English, from A2 + BROAD]

abrogate /ˈæbrəɡeit/ v. tr.  repeal, annul, or abolish (a law or custom) 废除，革除；取消(法律或习俗) □ abrogation  /æbrəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ abrogator  n.   [Latin abrogare (as AB-, rogare ‘propose a law’)]

abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/ adj.  1  sudden and unexpected; hasty 突然的，意外的；匆忙的  his abrupt departure  他的突然离去 2 (of speech, manner, etc.) uneven; lacking continuity; curt (谈话、态度等)不一致的；不连贯的；生硬的 3  steep, precipitous 险峻的，陡峭的 4 Bot.  truncated 【植】切去头的；缩短了的 □ abruptly  adv.  □ abruptness  n.   [Latin abruptus, past part. of abrumpere (as AB-, rumpere ‘break’)]

ABS abbr.  anti-lock braking system (for motor vehicles) [缩略] (汽车的)刹车防抱死系统

abs- /əbs, æbs/ prefix  = AB-  [variant of Latin abused before c, q, t]

abscess /ˈæbsis, -ses/ n.  a swollen area accumulating pus within a body tissue 脓肿；溃疡 □ abscessed  adj.   [Latin abscessus ‘a going away’ (as AB-, cedere cess- ‘go’): from the elimination of bad matter via the pus]

abscisic acid /æbˈsisik/ n.  a plant hormone which promotes leaf detachment and bud dormancy and inhibits germination 脱落酸(使植物叶片脱落，进入休眠并抑止萌芽的植物激素) [Latin abscis- past part. stem of abscindere (as AB-, scindere ‘cut’)]

abscissa /æbˈsisə/ n. (pl. abscissae /-si:/ or abscissas) Math. 【数】  1 (in a system of coordinates) the shortest distance from a point to the vertical or y-axis, measured parallel to the horizontal or x-axis; the Cartesian x-coordinate of a point (cf. 参见 ORDINATE) 横坐标 2  the part of a line between a fixed point on it and an ordinate drawn to it from any other point 横轴线 [modern Latin abscissa (linea) ‘cut-off (line)’, fem. past part. of abscindere absciss- (as AB-, scindere ‘cut’)]

abscission /əbˈsiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of cutting off 切断；切除 2 Bot.  the natural detachment of leaves, branches, flowers, etc. 【植】(叶片、枝条、花瓣等的)自然脱落 [Latin abscissio (as ABSCISSA)]

abscond /əbˈskɒnd/ v. intr.  depart hurriedly and furtively, esp. unlawfully or to avoid arrest 潜逃；逃匿 □ absconder  n.   [originally in the sense ‘hide, conceal (oneself)’: Latin abscondere ‘hide, put away’ (as AB-, condere ‘stow’)]

abseil /ˈæbseil, -zail/ v. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●v. intr.  descend a steep rock face etc. by using a doubled rope coiled round the body and fixed at a higher point (登山运动等的)绕绳下降，坐式下降 ●n.  a descent made by abseiling 沿绳下降(法) □ abseiler  n.   [German abseilen from ab ‘down’ + Seil ‘rope’]

absence /ˈæbs(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of being away from a place or person 缺席，不在 2  the time or duration of being away 缺席或不在期间 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the non-existence or lack of 缺乏，缺少 □ absence of mind   inattentiveness 漫不经心 [Middle English via Old French from Latin absentia (as ABSENT)]

absent adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈæbs(ə)nt/  1  a  not present 缺席的，不在的b (foll. by 后跟 from)  not present at or in 未到场，未出席 2  not existing 不存在的 3  inattentive to the matter in hand (对手头的事情)漫不经心的 ●v. refl. /æbˈsent/  1  stay away 离开；不靠近 2  withdraw 撤离，移开 □ absently  adv. (in sense 3 of adj. 用于形容词释义 3)  心不在焉地；茫然地 [Middle English, ultimately from Latin absent-, pres. part. of abesse ‘be absent’]

absentee /æbs(ə)nˈti:/ n.  a person not present, esp. one who is absent from work or school 缺勤者；缺课者

absenteeism /æbs(ə)nˈti:iz(ə)m/ n.  the practice of absenting oneself from work or school etc., esp. frequently or illicitly (尤指经常、无正当理由的)缺勤，缺课

absentee landlord n.  a landlord who lets a property while living elsewhere 住在他处而将房产出租的房主

absent-minded /æbs(ə)ntˈmaindid/ adj.  habitually forgetful or inattentive; with one's mind on other things 善忘而不经心的；心不在焉的 □ absent-mindedly  adv.  □ absent-mindedness  n.  

absinth /ˈæbsinθ/ n.  1  the shrub wormwood, Artemisia absinthium, or an essence from it 蒿属植物；苦艾 2 (usu. 通常作 absinthe)  a green aniseed-flavoured potent liqueur turning milky when water is added, originally made with wormwood 苦艾酒(一种由苦艾制成、加入水时会变成乳白色的、略带茴香味的烈性酒) [French absinthe via Latin absinthium from Greek apsinthion ‘wormwood’]

absit omen /ˈæbsit ˈəʊmən/ int.  may what is threatened not become fact 但愿不祥之兆不会成为事实 [Latin, = may this (evil) omen be absent]

absolute /ˈæbsəlu:t/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  complete, utter, perfect 十足的，完全的，彻头彻尾的  an absolute fool  十足的傻瓜 absolute bliss  极乐 2  unconditional, unlimited 无条件的；绝对的  absolute authority  绝对权威 3  despotic; ruling arbitrarily or with unrestricted power 专制的；擅权的  an absolute monarch  专制的君王 4 (of a standard or other concept) universally valid; not admitting exceptions; not relative or comparative (标准、概念等)普遍有效的；无例外的；绝对的 5 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a construction) syntactically independent of the rest of the sentence (句子结构中的)独立结构  as in 例如在 dinner being over , we left the table  吃完饭，我们离开了餐桌 let us toss for it , loser to pay  让我们掷币打赌，输者付账b (of an adjective or transitive verb) used or usable without an expressed noun or object (e.g. 例如 the deaf 聋哑人 , guns kill 枪支杀人) (形容词或及物动词)独立或可独立使用而无需跟名词或宾语的 6 (of a legal decree etc.) final (判决等)终审的，最后的 ●n. Philos. 【哲】  1  a value, standard, etc., which is objective and universally valid, not subjective or relative (价值，标准等)绝对的；普遍的；无条件的 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a Philos.  that which can exist without being related to anything else 【哲】独立存在b Theol.  ultimate reality; God 【神】终极本体；上帝 □ absoluteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin absolutus, past part. of absolvere: see ABSOLVE]

absolute alcohol n. Chem.  ethanol which is at least 99 per cent pure 【化】纯度在 99% 以上的酒精(乙醇)

absolutely /ˈæbsəlu:tli/ adv.  1  completely, utterly, perfectly 十足地；完全地；非常  absolutely marvellous  太好了 he absolutely denies it  他断然否认 2  independently; in an absolute sense 独立地；绝对地  God exists absolutely  上帝绝对存在 3 (foll. by neg. 后跟否定词) (no or none) at all 绝对(没有)，绝(无)  absolutely no chance of winning  绝无胜算 absolutely nowhere  绝对没有 4 colloq.  in actual fact; positively [口]实际上；肯定  it absolutely exploded  它真的爆炸了 5 Gram.  in an absolute way, esp. (of a verb) without a stated object 【语法】独立的；(尤指动词)不带明述宾语的 6 /-ˈlu:tli, -ˈlju:tli/ colloq. (used in reply) quite so; yes [口] (用于回答)没错，是这样

absolute magnitude n.  the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial object as it would be seen at a standard distance of 10 parsecs (opp. 反义 APPARENT MAGNITUDE) 绝对星等(以 10 秒差距的标准距离看到的某个天体的最大亮度)

absolute majority n.  1  a majority over all others combined 超过所有其他总合的多数，绝对多数 2  more than half 超过半数

absolute pitch n. Mus. 【音】  1  the ability to recognize the pitch of a note or produce any given note; perfect pitch 绝对音高；标准音高 2  a fixed standard of pitch defined by the rate of vibration (根据振动频率确定的)标准音高体系

absolute temperature n.  a temperature measured from absolute zero (以绝对零度为基准的)绝对温度

absolute zero n.  a theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which the particles whose motion constitutes heat would be minimal, calculated as -273.15°C (or zero on the Kelvin scale) 绝对零度(原子内部所有产生热量的运动都停止后可能达到的最低温度，即－ 273.15°C) ，开氏温标零度

absolution /æbsəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment (正式的)免罪；赦免 2  an ecclesiastical declaration of forgiveness of sins (宗教上对某人罪过的)赦免 3  a remission of penance 免忏悔；免惩罚 4  forgiveness 宽恕；原宥 [Middle English via Old French from Latin absolutio -onis (as ABSOLVE)]

absolutism /ˈæbsəlu:tiz(ə)m/ n.  the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters 专制主义，专制论；绝对主义 □ absolutist  n. & adj.  

absolve /əbˈzɒlv/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, of)  a  set or pronounce free from blame or obligation etc. 使免除(罪责，责任等)b  acquit; pronounce not guilty 宣判无罪 2  pardon or give absolution for (a sin etc.) 原谅或赦免(罪恶等) [Latin absolvere (as AB-, solvere solut- ‘loosen’)]

absorb /əbˈzɔ:b, -ˈsɔ:b/ v. tr.  1  include or incorporate as part of itself or oneself 吸纳；吸收并溶合  the country successfully absorbed its immigrants  那个国家成功地吸纳了外来移民 2  take in; suck up (liquid, heat, knowledge, etc.) 吸收，吸取(液体、热量、知识等)  she quickly absorbed all she was taught  她很快就掌握了教给她的所有东西 3  reduce the effect or intensity of; deal easily with (an impact, sound, difficulty, etc.) 减轻(声音、冲击、难度等)；从容应付 4  consume (income, time, resources, etc.) 消耗(收入、时间、资源等)  his debts absorbed half his income  他的债务耗去了他一半的收入 5  engross the attention of 吸引住(某人的注意力或兴趣)  television absorbs them completely  电视把他们完全吸引住了 □ absorbable  adj.  □ absorbability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ absorber  n.   [Middle English, from French absorber or Latin absorbēre absorpt- (as AB-, sorbēre ‘suck in’)]

absorbance /əbˈzɔ:b(ə)ns, -ˈsɔ:b(ə)ns/ n. Physics  a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light etc., equal to the logarithm of the reciprocal of the transmittance 【物理学】吸光度(物质吸收光的能力)

absorbed /əbˈzɔ:bd, -ˈsɔ:bd/ predic. adj.  intensely engaged or interested 全神贯注的；一心一意的  he was absorbed in his work  他全神贯注于他的工作 □ absorbedly  /-bidli/ adv.  

absorbent /əbˈzɔ:b(ə)nt, -ˈsɔ:b-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having a tendency to absorb (esp. liquids) 能吸收(尤指液体)的；有吸收能力的 ●n.  an absorbent substance or thing 吸收剂 □ absorbency  n.   [Latin absorbent- from absorbēre ABSORB]

absorbing /əbˈzɔ:biŋ, -ˈsɔ:biŋ/ adj.  engrossing; intensely interesting 吸引人的；非常有趣的 □ absorbingly  adv.  

absorption /əbˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n, -ˈsɔ:p-/ n.  1  the process or action of absorbing or being absorbed (被)吸收；吸进 2  disappearance through incorporation into something else (被其他物质)吸收而消失 3  mental engrossment 专心；着迷 □ absorptive  /-ˈzɔ:ptiv, -ˈsɔ:b-/ adj.   [Latin absorptio (as ABSORB)]

absorption spectrum n.  a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, with dark lines or bands showing absorption at specific wavelengths 吸收光谱；吸收频谱

abstain /əbˈstein/ v. intr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 常后跟 from)  restrain oneself; refrain from indulging in 自制，克制；忍住  abstained from cakes and sweets  克制住不吃点心和甜食 abstained from mentioning it  忍住不提此事b  refrain from drinking alcohol 戒酒 2  formally decline to use one's vote 弃权 □ abstainer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French astener and Old French abstenir from Latin abstinēre abstent- (as AB-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

abstemious /əbˈsti:miəs/ adj. (of a person, habit, etc.) moderate, not self-indulgent, esp. in eating and drinking (人、习惯等)适当的；节制的(尤指在饮食方面) □ abstemiously  adv.  □ abstemiousness  n.   [Latin abstemius (as AB-, temetum ‘strong drink’)]

abstention /əbˈstenʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of abstaining, esp. from voting 戒绝；回避；(尤指投票)弃权 □ abstentionism  n.   [French abstention or Late Latin abstentio -onis (as ABSTAIN)]

abstinence /ˈæbstinəns/ n.  the act of abstaining, esp. from food, alcohol, or sexual activity (在饮食上)节制；禁欲 [Middle English via Old French from Latin abstinentia (as ABSTINENT)]

abstinent /ˈæbstinənt/ adj.  practising abstinence (饮食上)有节制的；禁欲的 □ abstinently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as ABSTAIN)]

abstract adj., v. & n. ●adj. /ˈæbstrækt/  1  a  to do with or existing in thought rather than matter, or in theory rather than practice; not tangible or concrete 抽象的；纯理论的  abstract questions rarely concerned him  抽象的问题很少和他沾边b (of a word, esp. a noun) denoting a quality or condition or intangible thing rather than a concrete object (词汇，尤指名词)非指具体物体的，抽象的 2 (of art) achieving its effect by grouping shapes and colours in satisfying patterns rather than by the recognizable representation of physical reality (美术上通过条块和色彩变化而非具体形象表达思想的)抽象的 ●v. /əbˈstrækt/  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  take out of; extract; remove 摘要；提取，萃取；剔出 2  a tr.  summarize (an article, book, etc.) 概述，写出(文章、书等)要点b intr.  do this as an occupation 从事概述、摘要工作 3 tr. & refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  disengage (a person's attention etc.); distract 分散；岔开(某人的注意力等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  consider abstractly or separately from something else 抽取或分离出来考虑 5 tr. euphem.  steal [婉]偷取，偷 ●n. /ˈæbstrækt/  1  a summary or statement of the contents of a book etc. (书等的)摘要，概述 2  an abstract work of art 抽象艺术作品 3  an abstraction or abstract term 抽象；抽象名词 □ in the abstract   in theory rather than in practice 理论上而非实际上的□ abstractly  /ˈæbstræktli/ adv.  □ abstractor  /əbˈstræktə/ n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French or Latin abstractus, past part. of abstrahere (as AB-, trahere ‘draw’)]

abstracted /əbˈstræktid/ adj.  inattentive to the matter in hand; preoccupied 分心的，出神的；心不在焉的 □ abstractedly  adv.  

abstract expressionism n.  a development of abstract art which aims at a subjective emotional expression of an ideal rather than a picture of a physical object 抽象表现主义

abstraction /əbˈstrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of abstracting or taking away 摘要，提要 2  a  an abstract or visionary idea 抽象概念；想像b  the formation of abstract ideas 抽象化 3  a  abstract qualities (esp. in art) 抽象，抽象性(尤指艺术)b  an abstract work of art 抽象艺术作品 4  absent-mindedness 心不在焉 [French abstraction or Latin abstractio (as ABSTRACT)]

abstractionism /əbˈstrækʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  the principles and practice of abstract art 抽象派艺术的原则和实践 2  the pursuit or cult of abstract ideas 抽象思想的追随或崇拜 □ abstractionist  n.  

abstruse /əbˈstru:s/ adj.  hard to understand; obscure; profound 难懂的，难解的；模糊的；深奥的 □ abstrusely  adv.  □ abstruseness  n.   [French abstruse or Latin abstrusus ‘put away, hidden’ (as AB-, trusus, past part. of trudere ‘push’)]

absurd /əbˈsɜ:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an idea, suggestion, etc.) wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate (指观点、建议等)荒谬的；不合逻辑的；不适当的 2 (of a person) unreasonable or ridiculous in manner (指人)古怪的，荒唐的 3 (of a thing) ludicrous, incongruous (事情)滑稽的；不适宜的；不和谐一致的  an absurd hat  一顶滑稽的帽子 the situation was becoming absurd  形势正变得杂乱无章 ●n. (作 the absurd)  that which is absurd, esp. human existence in a purposeless chaotic universe 荒诞，荒唐(尤指人类在一个无目的混乱宇宙中的生存) □ absurdly  adv.  □ absurdness  n.   [French absurde or Latin absurdus (as AB-, surdus ‘deaf, dull’)]

absurdism /əbˈsɜ:diz(ə)m/ n.  the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless chaotic universe (认为人类生存于一个无目的的、混乱宇宙中的)荒诞主义 □ absurdist  adj. & n.  

absurdity /əbˈsɜ:diti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  wild inappropriateness or incongruity 荒谬；不调和 2  extreme unreasonableness 极端无理性，悖理 3  an absurd statement or act 谬论；荒谬的行为 [French absurdité or Late Latin absurditas (as ABSURD)]

ABTA /ˈæbtə/ abbr.  Association of British Travel Agents [缩略]英国旅行社协会

Abu Dhabi /ˌɑ:bu:ˈdɑ:bi:/ n.  阿布扎比 [阿拉伯联合酋长国首都]

abulia var.  of ABOULIA  ABOULIA 的变体

abundance /əˈbʌnd(ə)ns/ n.  1  a very great quantity, usu. considered to be more than enough 大量，丰富，充裕 2  wealth, affluence 富裕，富足 3  wealth of emotion (感情上的)丰富  abundance of heart  充满感情 4  a call in solo whist undertaking to make nine tricks (一种牌戏中赢得 9 墩的)叫牌 [Middle English via Old French abundance from Latin abundantia (as ABUNDANT)]

abundant /əˈbʌnd(ə)nt/ adj.  1  existing or available in large quantities; plentiful 大量的；丰富的，充裕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  having an abundance of 富于…；盛产…  a country abundant in fruit  盛产水果的国家 □ abundantly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin, pres. part. of abundare ABOUND]

abuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈbju:z/  1  use to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse 滥用；误用  abused his position of power  滥用职权 2  insult verbally 诬蔑，辱骂 3  maltreat; assault (esp. sexually) 侮辱；虐待(尤指性方面的) ●n. /əˈbju:s/  1  a  incorrect or improper use 滥用，妄用  the abuse of power  滥用权力b  an instance of this 滥用(权力)的事例 2  insulting language 辱骂，恶言，脏话  a torrent of abuse  破口大骂 3  unjust or corrupt practice 陋习，弊病 4  maltreatment or (esp. sexual) assault of a person (尤指性)虐待，侮辱，滥交  child abuse  猥亵儿童 □ abuser  /əˈbju:zə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French abus (n.), abuser (v.) from Latin abusus, abuti (as AB-, uti us- USE)]

abusive /əˈbju:siv/ adj.  1  using or containing insulting language 辱骂的，谩骂的 2 (of language) insulting (语言)带有侮辱性的 □ abusively  adv.  □ abusiveness  n.  

abut /əˈbʌt/ v. (abutted, abutting)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on) (of estates, countries, etc.) adjoin (another) (土地，国家等)毗邻的，紧接的 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, against) (of part of a building) touch or lean upon (another) with a projecting end or point (建筑物的一部分)和(另一建筑)搭接的，连接的  the shed abutted on the side of the house  棚子和房子的一侧相连 3 tr.  abut on 与…相连 [Old French abouter (BUTT1) and Anglo-Latin abuttare, from Old French but ‘end’]

abutment /əˈbʌtm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the lateral supporting structure of a bridge, arch, etc. 桥台；拱座 2  the point of junction between such a support and the thing supported (桥台、拱座与被支撑部分的)连接处；邻接，接界

abutter /əˈbʌtə/ n. Law  the owner of an adjoining property 【法律】相邻房地产的业主

abuzz /əˈbʌz/ adv. & adj.  in a ‘buzz’ (see 见 BUZZ n. 3); in a state of excitement or activity 嘁嘁喳喳的；激动的；活跃的

abysmal /əˈbizm(ə)l/ adj.  1 colloq.  extremely bad [口]极坏的，糟糕透了的  abysmal weather  恶劣的天气 the standard is abysmal  标准定的非常糟糕 2  profound, utter 极度的，完全的  abysmal ignorance  极端无知 □ abysmally  adv.   [archaic or poet. abysm = ABYSS, via Old French abi(s)me from medieval Latin abysmus]

abyss /əˈbis/ n.  1  a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm 深渊；无底洞 2  a  an immeasurable depth 无垠；深不可测  abyss of despair  极度绝望b  a catastrophic situation as contemplated or feared 悲惨的境地；可怕的结局  his loss brought him a step nearer the abyss  他的失败使他几近崩溃 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  primal chaos; hell 混沌；地狱 [Middle English via Late Latin abyssus from Greek abussos ‘bottomless’ (as A-1, bussos ‘depth’)]

abyssal /əˈbis(ə)l/ adj.  1  at or of the ocean depths or floor 深海的；海底的 2 Geol.  at or from a great depth in the earth's crust; plutonic 【地质】地壳深处的；火成岩的，火成论的

AC abbr. [缩略]  1 (also 亦作 ac)  alternating current 交流电 2  aircraftman 空军一、二等兵 3  before Christ 公元前 4  Companion of the Order of Australia 澳大利亚受(女王)册封勋位 5  appellation contrôlée (经核准的)原产地专用商标 [sense 3 from Latin ante Christum]

Ac symb. Chem.  the element actinium [符]【化】(化学元素)锕

a/c abbr. [缩略]  account  [account current: see ACCOUNT n. 2, 3]

ac- /æk, ək/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before c, k, q (用于 c 、 k 和 q 前)AD- 的同化形式

-ac /æk/ suffix  forming adjectives which are often also (or only) used as nouns (cardiac, maniac) (see also 另见 -ACAL) 用于构成亦可作为名词的形容词(有些只作名词) [French -aque, Latin -acus, or Greek -akos adjectival suffix]

acacia /əˈkeiʃə, -sjə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 acacia tree)  a leguminous tree of the genus Acacia, with yellow or white flowers, esp. A. senegal yielding gum arabic 阿拉伯橡胶树，金合欢属植物 2 (also 亦作 false acacia)  the locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, grown for ornament 杨槐，刺槐 [Latin, from Greek akakia]

academe /ˈækədi:m/ n.  1  a  the world of learning 学术界b  universities collectively 高等学府(统称) 2 literary  a college or university [文学用语]大学，学院 [Greek Akadēmos (see ACADEMY): used by Shakespeare (Love's Labour's Lost I. i. 13) and Milton (Paradise Regained iv. 244)]

academia /ækəˈdi:miə/ n.  the academic world; scholastic life 学术界；学术生活 [modern Latin: see ACADEMY]

academic /ækəˈdemik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  scholarly; to do with learning 学术的；与学术有关的b  of or relating to a scholarly institution 学术机构的；学院派的  academic dress  学院制服 2  abstract; theoretical; not of practical relevance 抽象的；理论的；非实际的 3 Art  conventional, over-formal 【艺术】常规的，传统的；过于正式的 4  a  of or concerning Plato's philosophy 有关柏拉图哲学的b  sceptical 怀疑的，怀疑论的 ●n.  a teacher or scholar in a university or institute of higher education 高等学校的教师或学者 □ academically  adv.   [French académique or Latin academicus (as ACADEMY)]

academical /ækəˈdemik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  belonging to a college or university 属于大学或学院的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  formal university attire [英]大学制服

academician /əkædəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of an Academy, esp. of the Royal Academy of Arts, the Académie française, or the Russian Academy of Sciences (尤指英国皇家艺术院、法国科学院和俄国科学院)院士 2 US  an academic; an intellectual [美]学者；知识分子 [French académicien (as ACADEMIC)]

academicism /ækəˈdemisiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 academism /əˈkædəmiz(ə)m/)  academic principles or their application in art 拘泥刻板；(艺术上的)传统主义，因袭主义

academic year n.  a period of nearly a year reckoned from the time of the main student intake, usu. from the beginning of the autumn term to the end of the summer term 学年(通常从秋季到第二年夏季)

academy /əˈkædəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a place of study or training in a special field 学院；高等专科学校  military academy  军事学院 academy of dance  舞蹈学院b hist.  a place of study [史义]研究(学习)的地方，学校 2 (usu. 通常作 Academy)  a society or institution of distinguished scholars, artists, scientists, etc. 学术研究团体，学会  Royal Academy  皇家学院 3 US & Sc.  a secondary school, esp. US a private one [美和苏格兰]中学，[尤美]私立中学 4  a  Plato's followers or philosophical system 柏拉图的追随者；柏拉图的哲学体系b  the garden near Athens where Plato taught 柏拉图在雅典附近讲课的花园 [French académie or Latin academia from Greek akadēmeia, from Akadēmos the hero after whom Plato's garden was named]

Acadian /əˈkeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a hist.  a native or inhabitant of the 17th-c. French colony of Acadia on the east coast of Canada [史义] (17 世纪在加拿大东海岸上的法国殖民地)阿卡迪亚人b esp. Canad.  a French-speaking descendant of the early French settlers in Acadia [尤加拿大]阿卡迪亚地区的说法语的法国早期移民后裔 2 US  a descendant of the Acadians deported to Louisiana in the 18th c. (see 见 CAJUN) [美] (18 世纪被驱逐到路易斯安娜的)阿卡迪亚人 ●adj.  of or relating to Acadia or its people 阿卡迪亚的；阿卡迪亚人的 [Acadie, the French name for Nova Scotia]

-acal /ək(ə)l/ suffix  forming adjectives, often used to distinguish them from nouns in -ac (heliacal 太阳的 ; maniacal 疯狂的) 构成形容词，常用以区别以 -ac 结尾的名词

acanthus /əˈkænθəs/ n.  1  any herbaceous plant or shrub of the genus Acanthus, with spiny leaves 爵床属草本植物或灌木 2 Archit.  a conventionalized representation of an acanthus leaf, used esp. as a decoration for Corinthian column capitals 【建】叶形装饰物(尤指科林斯式建筑柱头的叶形装饰) [Latin from Greek akanthos, from akantha ‘thorn’, perhaps from akē ‘sharp point’]

a cappella /æ kəˈpelə, ɑ:/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 alla cappella /ælə/) Mus. (of choral music) unaccompanied 【音】(合唱音乐)无伴奏的 [Italian, = in church style]

acaricide /ˈækərisaid/ n.  a preparation for destroying mites 杀螨剂

acarid /ˈækərid/ n.  any small arachnid of the order Acarina, including mites and ticks 螨，螨虫 □ acarology  /ækəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  螨学 [modern Latin acarus + -ID3, from Greek akari ‘mite’]

ACAS /ˈeikæs/ abbr. (in the UK) Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service [缩略] (英国)咨询、调解与仲裁服务处

acausal /eiˈkɔ:z(ə)l, æ-/ adj.  not causal; not causally related 非原因的；无因果关系的

Accadian var.  of AKKADIAN  AKKADIAN 的变体

accede /əkˈsi:d/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  take office, esp. become monarch 到任；就职(尤指成为君主) 2  assent or agree 赞成，同意  acceded to the proposal  赞同那项提议 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  formally subscribe to a treaty or other agreement 正式签署(条约或协定) [Middle English from Latin accedere (as AC-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

accelerando /əkseləˈrændəʊ, ətʃel-/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  with a gradual increase of speed 逐渐加快 ●n. (pl. accelerandos or accelerandi /-di/)  a passage performed accelerando 逐渐加快演奏的段落 [Italian]

accelerate /əkˈseləreit/ v.  1 intr.  a (of a moving body, esp. a vehicle) move or begin to move more quickly; increase speed (指运动物体，尤指汽车)加速，加快b (of a process) happen or reach completion more quickly (指过程)加速发展 2 tr.  a  cause to increase speed 使加快速度b  cause (a process) to happen more quickly 使(过程)加速发展，促进 [Latin accelerare (as AC-, celerare from celer ‘swift’)]

acceleration /əkseləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or act of accelerating or being accelerated (被)加速，(被)加快 2  an instance of this 加速度的实例 3 (of a vehicle etc.) the capacity to gain speed (汽车等的)加速能力  the car has good acceleration  这辆车的加速性能不错 4 Physics  the rate of change of velocity measured in terms of a unit of time 【物理学】加速度 [French accélération or Latin acceleratio (as ACCELERATE)]

accelerative /əkˈselərətiv/ adj.  tending to increase speed; quickening 趋向加速的；加快的

accelerator /əkˈseləreitə/ n.  1  a device for increasing speed, esp. the pedal that controls the speed of a vehicle's engine 加速器；(尤指汽车的)油门 2 Physics  an apparatus for imparting high speeds to charged particles 【物理学】(带电粒子)加速器 3 Chem.  a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction 【化】反应加速剂；增显剂

accelerator board n. (also 亦作 accelerator card) Computing  an accessory circuit board which can be plugged into a small computer to increase its speed of operation 【计算】增速板(一种可以插入小型计算机中、增快其运行速度的附属电路板)

accelerometer /əkseləˈrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring acceleration esp. of rockets (尤指火箭的)加速度计，增速计 [ACCELERATE + -METER]

accent n. & v. ●n. /ˈæks(ə)nt, -sent/  1  a particular mode of pronunciation, esp. one associated with a particular region or group (尤指与某地或某个群体相关的)口音  Liverpool accent  利物浦口音 German accent  德国口音 upper-class accent  上流社会口音 2  prominence given to a syllable by stress or pitch (音节的)重音 3  a mark on a letter or word to indicate pitch, stress, or the quality of a vowel (表示音调、强调或元音性质等的)符号 4  a distinctive feature or emphasis 特点；强调  an accent on comfort  强调舒适 5 Mus.  emphasis on a particular note or chord 【音】(某个音符或某根弦的)重音 ●v. tr. /ækˈsent/  1  pronounce with an accent; emphasize (a word or syllable) 带有口音；重读(某一词或音节) 2  write or print accents on (words etc.) 在(词等上)标注重音 3  accentuate 强调 4 Mus.  play (a note etc.) with an accent 【音】加重演奏(某个音符等) □ accentual  /əkˈsentjʊəl/ adj.   [Latin accentus (as AC-, cantus ‘song’) representing Greek prosōidia (PROSODY), or through French accent, accenter]

accentor /əkˈsentə/ n.  a songbird of the Eurasian genus Prunella (formerly Accentor), e.g. the hedge sparrow or dunnock 篱雀属鸣禽；篱雀 [medieval Latin accentor from Latin ad ‘to’ + cantor ‘singer’]

accentuate /əkˈsentjʊeit/ v. tr.  emphasize; make prominent 强调；使…突出 □ accentuation  /əksentjʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin accentuare accentuat- (as ACCENT)]

accept /əkˈsept/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  consent to receive (a thing offered) 接受，收纳(送与的某物) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give an affirmative answer to (an offer or proposal) 赞同(建议等) 3  regard favourably; treat as welcome 认可，赞同；欢迎  her mother-in-law never accepted her  她的婆婆从未接受她 4  a  believe or receive (an opinion, explanation, etc.) as adequate, valid, or correct 认可；承认，确认(观点、解释等)b  be prepared to subscribe to (a belief, philosophy, etc.) 接受，拥护(某一信仰、观念等) 5  receive as suitable 接受，接纳  the hotel accepts traveller's cheques  这家旅店接受旅行支票 the machine only accepts tokens  这台售货机只接受代用币 6  a  tolerate; submit to 容忍；服从，屈从于  accepted the umpire's decision  服从裁判的裁定b (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) esp. Brit.  be willing to believe [尤英]相信  we accept that you meant well  我们相信你的用意是好的 7  undertake (an office or responsibility) 承担(职务或责任) 8  agree to meet (a draft or bill of exchange) 承兑(汇票、支票等) □ accepter  n.   [Middle English from Old French accepter or Latin acceptare, from accipere (as AC-, capere ‘take’)]

acceptable /əkˈseptəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  worthy of being accepted 可以接受的b  pleasing, welcome 愉快的；受欢迎的 2  adequate, satisfactory 适当的；满意的 3  tolerable 可承受的  an acceptable risk  可承受的风险 □ acceptability  /əkseptəˈbiliti/ n.  □ acceptableness  n.  □ acceptably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin acceptabilis (as ACCEPT)]

acceptance /əkˈsept(ə)ns/ n.  1  willingness to receive (a gift, payment, duty, etc.) 收，接受(礼物、付款、责任等) 2  an affirmative answer to an invitation or proposal (对邀请、建议等的)接受 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a willingness to accept (conditions, a circumstance, etc.) 同意，接受(条件、情况等) 4  a  approval, belief 赞同，相信  found wide acceptance  得到广泛认同b  willingness or ability to tolerate 愿意(或可)承受 5  a  agreement to meet a bill of exchange 承兑，承付b  a bill so accepted 承兑的账单 [French from accepter (as ACCEPT)]

acceptant /əkˈsept(ə)nt/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  willingly accepting 乐于接受的 [French (as ACCEPTANCE)]

acceptation /æksepˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a particular sense, or the generally recognized meaning, of a word or phrase (词或短语的)某一特殊含意或广泛认可的意义 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin acceptatio (as ACCEPT)]

acceptor /əkˈseptə/ n.  1 Commerce  a person who accepts a bill 【商业】承兑人 2 Physics  an atom or molecule able to receive an extra electron, esp. an impurity in a semiconductor 【物理学】可以接受多余电子的原子或分子(尤指半导体中的杂质) 3 Chem.  a molecule or ion etc. to which electrons are donated in the formation of a bond 【化】受体 4 Electr.  a circuit tuned to resonate at a particular frequency 【电】谐振电路

access /ˈækses/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a way of approaching or reaching or entering 通路，出入  a building with rear access  一幢有后门出入的建筑 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  the right or opportunity to reach, use, or visit; admittance 接触(使用或访问)权(或机会)；准入  has access to secret files  可以接触到秘密资料 was granted access to the prisoner  得到许可而接触囚犯b  the condition of being readily approached; accessibility 便于接近的状态；可接触 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an attack or outburst 发作  an access of anger  勃然大怒 4 (作 attrib.) Brit. (of broadcasting) given over to minority or special-interest groups (access television) [英] (广播节目)为少数人或特殊利益集团播放的 ●v. tr. esp. Computing  gain access to (data, a file, etc.) (尤)【计算】可往…存取(数据、文件等) [Middle English from Old French acces or Latin accessus, from accedere (as AC-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb to mean ‘gain access to’ in contexts other than computing (as in The kitchen can be accessed from the dining room) is considered incorrect by some people. 将该词的动词意义“ gain access to (可进入)”用于非计算机用语，例如 The kitchen can be accessed from dining room (从餐厅可进入厨房)，有人认为不规范。 

accessary var.  of ACCESSORY  ACCESSORY 的变体

accessible /əkˈsesib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  that can readily be reached, entered, or used 易接近的；易进入的；易使用的 2 (of a person) readily available (esp. to subordinates) (人)可接近的(尤指对下级) 3 (in a form) easy to understand (形式)易懂的，易理解的 □ accessibility  /əksesiˈbiliti/ n.  □ accessibly  adv.   [French accessible or Late Latin accessibilis (as ACCEDE)]

accession /əkˈseʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  entering upon an office (esp. the throne) or a condition (as manhood) 就任(尤指王位)；达到(成人年龄) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a thing added (e.g. a book to a library); increase, addition 增加物；添加 3 Law  the incorporation of one item of property in another 【法律】财产自然增益的所有权 4  assent; the formal acceptance of a treaty etc. 同意；(对条约等的)正式接受 ●v. tr.  record the addition of (a new item) to a library or museum (图书馆或博物馆) (将新增书)登记造册 [French accession or Latin accessio -onis (as ACCEDE)]

accessorize /əkˈsesəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  provide (an outfit etc.) with accessories 装饰；补充(装备等)

accessory /əkˈses(ə)ri/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 accessary) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an additional or extra thing 附件，附加物 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a small attachment or fitting 附属物；小零件b  a small item of (esp. a woman's) dress (e.g. shoes, gloves, handbag) (尤指妇女的)小服饰(鞋、手套、手提包等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person who helps in or knows the details of an (esp. illegal) act, without taking part in it (尤指非法活动的)从犯；同谋犯 ●adj.  additional; contributing or aiding in a minor way; dispensable 附加的；不一定必要的，可有可无的 □ accessory before (or after) the fact   a person who incites (or assists) another to commit a crime 事前(或事后)从犯□ accessorial  /ækseˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.   [medieval Latin accessorius (as ACCEDE)]

access road n.  1  a road giving access to a place, site, or buildings (可通往某处、某地或某个建筑的)进路 2  a slip road (通往快车道的)岔道

access time n. Computing  the time taken to retrieve data from storage 【计算】(从存储器中读取数据的)取数时间

acciaccatura /ətʃækəˈtʊərə/ n. Mus.  a grace note performed as quickly as possible before an essential note of a melody 【音】(在一段旋律的主音符之前尽可能快地演奏的)短倚音 [Italian, from acciacare ‘to crush’]

accidence /ˈæksid(ə)ns/ n.  the part of grammar that deals with the variable parts or inflections of words (语法中的)词形变化 [medieval Latin sense of Latin accidentia (translation of Greek parepomena ‘accompanying things’), neut. pl. of accidens (as ACCIDENT)]

accident /ˈæksid(ə)nt/ n.  1  an event that is without apparent cause, or is unexpected 事故；意外事件  their early arrival was just an accident  他们的提前到来实在出人意外 2  an unfortunate event, esp. one causing physical harm or damage, brought about unintentionally 意外灾难，意外伤害 3  occurrence of things by chance; the working of fortune 偶发事件，偶然事件  accident accounts for much in life  生活中很多事情都是偶然发生的 4 colloq.  an occurrence of involuntary urination or defecation [口]一次大小便失禁 5  an irregularity in structure 不规则(结构) □ by accident   unintentionally 无意地，无意中 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin accidens from Latin accidere (as AC-, cadere ‘fall’)]

accidental /æksiˈdent(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  happening by chance, unintentionally, or unexpectedly 偶然的；无意中，意外的 2  not essential to a conception; subsidiary 非本质的；次要的 ●n.  1 Mus.  a sign indicating a momentary departure from the key signature by raising or lowering a note 【音】临时符 2  something not essential to a conception 次要方面 3  = VAGRANTn. 3  □ accidentally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin accidentalis (as ACCIDENT)]

accident-prone adj. (of a person) subject to frequent accidents (人)易出事故的

accidie /ˈæksidi/ n.  1  laziness, sloth, apathy 倦怠；漠然；无精打彩的样子 2  black despair 绝望 [Middle English via Anglo-French accidie and Old French accide from medieval Latin accidia, alteration of Late Latin ACEDIA]

accipiter /ækˈsipitə/ n.  a short-winged, long-legged hawk of the genus Accipiter, e.g. a sparrowhawk, a goshawk (短翅、长腿的)鹰属猛禽(如鹞、苍鹰) [Latin, = hawk, bird of prey]

acclaim /əˈkleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  welcome or applaud enthusiastically; praise publicly 喝彩；欢呼 2 (foll. by 后跟 compl.)  hail as 拥戴为  acclaimed him king  拥戴他为国王 was acclaimed the winner  被拥戴为胜利者 ●n.  1  applause; welcome; public praise 鼓掌；喝彩；欢迎 2  a shout of acclaim 欢呼(声) [Middle English from Latin acclamare (as AC-, clamare ‘shout’: spelling assimilated to claim)]

acclamation /ækləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  loud and eager assent to a proposal (以欢呼、鼓掌等表示)赞同(某一建议)；欢呼雀跃 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  shouting in a person's honour 欢呼，称颂(某人) 3  the act or process of acclaiming 欢呼的情景 □ by acclamation  Polit 【政】  1 US  by overwhelming vocal approval and without ballot [美] (不经投票)以赞同的呼声占优势的获得通过 2 Canad.  by virtue of being the sole candidate [加]以惟一候选人身份(当选) [Latin acclamatio (as ACCLAIM)]

acclimate /əˈklaimət/ v. tr.  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  acclimatize 使适应新环境；使服水土 2 Biol.  adapt physiologically to environmental stress 【生】使适应环境 [French acclimater (as A-3 + climat CLIMATE)]

acclimation /ækliˈmeiʃ(ə)n, əklai-/ n.  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = acclimatization  2 Biol.  physiological adaptation to environmental stress 【生】使适应环境 [formed irregularly from ACCLIMATE]

acclimatize /əˈklaimətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  accustom to a new climate or to new conditions 使适应(或习惯于)；使服水土 2 intr.  become acclimatized 适应新环境；服水土 □ acclimatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French acclimater: see ACCLIMATE]

acclivity /əˈkliviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  an upward slope 向上的斜坡 □ acclivitous  adj.   [Latin acclivitas from acclivis (as AC-, clivis from clivus ‘slope’)]

accolade /ˈækəleid, ækəˈlɑ:d, -kəʊl-/ n.  1  the awarding of praise; an acknowledgement of merit 赞誉；表彰 2  a touch made with a sword at the bestowing of a knighthood 武士(骑士)爵位的授予(以剑触肩) [French from Provençal acolada (as AC-, Latin collum ‘neck’)]

accommodate /əˈkɒmədeit/ v. tr.  1  provide lodging or room for 为…提供住宿  the flat accommodates three people  那套房间住 3 个人 2  adapt, harmonize, reconcile 使适应；调和，调解  must accommodate ourselves to new surroundings  我们必须适应新环境 cannot accommodate your needs to mine  无法把你的需求和我的调和起来 3  a  do a service or favour to; oblige (a person) 帮助解决；提供便利；施恩惠于(某人)b (foll. by 后跟 with)  supply (a person) with 向(某人)提供… [Latin accommodare (as AC-, commodus ‘fitting’)]

accommodating /əˈkɒmədeitiŋ/ adj.  obliging, compliant 乐于助人的；随和的 □ accommodatingly  adv.  

accommodation /əkɒməˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (in sing. or US in pl. 用单数或 [美]复数)  room for receiving people, esp. a place to live or lodgings 接纳人的房间(尤指居住或住宿) 2  an adjustment or adaptation to suit a special or different purpose 适应，顺应 3  a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise 适合的安排；安置；妥协 4  the automatic adjustment of the focus of the eye by flattening or thickening of the lens 眼自动适应性调节 [French accommodation or Latin accommodatio-onis (as ACCOMMODATE)]

accommodation address n. Brit.  an address used on letters to a person who is unable or unwilling to give a permanent address [英] (为不能够或不愿意提供永久通信地址的人设立的)临时寄信地址

accommodation bill n.  a bill to raise money on credit 通融票据(以信贷融资的票据)

accommodationist /əkɒməˈdeiʃ(ə)nist/ n. US  a person who seeks esp. political compromise [美] (尤指政治上的)斡旋人，调解人

accommodation ladder n.  a ladder up the side of a ship from a small boat (由小船登上大轮船的)舷梯

accommodation road n. Brit.  a road for access to a place not on a public road [英] (通向不在公共道路上的某处所的)专用道路

accompaniment /əˈkʌmp(ə)nim(ə)nt/ n.  1 Mus.  an instrumental or orchestral part supporting or partnering a solo instrument, voice, or group 【音】伴奏 2  an accompanying thing; an appendage 伴随物，附属物 [French accompagnement (as ACCOMPANY)]

accompanist /əˈkʌmpənist/ n.  a person who provides a musical accompaniment 伴奏者；伴唱者

accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  go with; escort, attend 伴随，陪伴；护卫，护理 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with, by)  a  be done or found with; supplement 伴有；随带，补充物  speech accompanied with gestures  伴随着手势的讲话b  have as a result 带有，兼有  pills accompanied by side effects  有副作用的药片 3 Mus.  support or partner with accompaniment 【音】伴奏(或伴唱) [Middle English from French accompagner (as A-3 + Old French compaing COMPANION1): assimilated to COMPANY]

accomplice /əˈkʌmplis, əˈkɒm-/ n.  a partner or helper, esp. in a crime or wrongdoing 同犯，同谋，帮凶 [Middle English and French complice (probably by association with ACCOMPANY), from Late Latin complex complicis ‘confederate’: cf. COMPLICATE]

accomplish /əˈkʌmpliʃ, əˈkɒm-/ v. tr.  perform; complete; succeed in doing 履行完成；实现 [Middle English via Old French acomplir from Latin complēre COMPLETE]

accomplished /əˈkʌmpliʃt, əˈkɒm-/ adj.  clever, skilled; well trained or educated 聪明的；熟练的，技艺精湛的；受过良好训练或教育的

accomplishment /əˈkʌmpliʃm(ə)nt, əˈkɒm-/ n.  1  the fulfilment or completion (of a task etc.) 实施，完成(任务等) 2  an acquired skill, esp. a social one (尤指社交方面的)习得的技能；处世能力 3  a thing done or achieved 成就，成绩

accord /əˈkɔ:d/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (esp. of a thing) be in harmony; be consistent (尤指事物)一致，和谐；相符 2 tr.  a  grant (permission, a request, etc.) 许诺，答应(应允，请求等)b  give (a welcome etc.) 给以(欢迎等) ●n.  1  agreement, consent 同意，赞同 2  harmony or harmonious correspondence in pitch, tone, colour, etc. (音高、声调、颜色等方面的)和谐，一致 □ in accord   of one mind; united; in harmony 思想一致；团结；和睦□ of one's own accord   on one's own initiative; voluntarily 自发地，自愿地□ with one accord   unanimously; in a united way 一致地；团结地 [Middle English via Old French acord, acorder from Latin cor cordis ‘heart’]

accordance /əˈkɔ:d(ə)ns/ n.  harmony, agreement 一致，和谐；符合 □ in accordance with   in a manner corresponding to 依据，根据  we acted in accordance with your wishes  我们根据你的意愿行事 [Middle English from Old French acordance (as ACCORD)]

accordant /əˈkɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  in tune; agreeing 一致的，和谐的；符合的 [Middle English from Old French acordant (as ACCORD)]

according /əˈkɔ:diŋ/ adv.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  as stated by or in 依据…；按照…  according to my sister  依我妹妹看 according to their statement  根据他们的说法b  in a manner corresponding to; in proportion to 与…一致；符合…；依照…  he lives according to his principles  他按自己的原则生活 2 (foll. by 后跟 as + clause)  in a manner or to a degree that varies as 依…而定；依…而变  he pays according as he is able  他根据自己的能力支付

accordingly /əˈkɔ:diŋli/ adv.  1  as suggested or required by the (stated) circumstances 依照(所述)环境要求；据此  silence is vital so please act accordingly  安静至关重要，因请注意保持 2  consequently, therefore 因而，因此，所以  accordingly, he left the room  因此他离开了房间

accordion /əˈkɔ:diən/ n.  1  a portable musical instrument with metal reeds blown by bellows, played by means of keys and buttons 手风琴 2 (作 attrib.)  folding like the bellows of an accordion (像手风琴箱一样)折叠的  accordion pleat  多道褶裥 accordion wall  屏风 □ accordionist  n.   [German Akkordion from Italian accordare ‘to tune’]

accost /əˈkɒst/ v. tr.  1  approach and address (a person), esp. boldly (尤指主动大胆地跟某人)招呼；搭讪 2 (of a prostitute) solicit (指妓女)勾搭，拉客 [originally in the sense ‘lie or go alongside’: French accoster from Italian accostare, ultimately from Latin costa ‘rib, side’]

accouchement /æˈku:ʃmɒ˜, 法 akuʃmɑ˜/ n.  1  childbirth 分娩，生产 2  the period of childbirth 产期，坐月子 [French from accoucher ‘act as midwife’]

accoucheur /æku:ˈʃɜ:, 法 ækuʃœr/ n.  a male midwife 男助产士，男产科医生 [French (as ACCOUCHEMENT)]

account /əˈkaʊnt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narration or description 描述，说明；报告  gave a long account of the ordeal  长篇叙述受苦的经过 2  a  an arrangement or facility at a bank or building society etc. for commercial or financial transactions, esp. for depositing and withdrawing money (银行或建筑行业等)账目，往来账目；账户，户头  opened an account  开一个账户b  the assets credited by such an arrangement 存款；账面上的资产  has a large account  有巨额存款 paid the money into her account  付款到她的户头上c esp. Brit.  an arrangement at a shop for buying goods on credit [尤英] (与商店等订立的)信用购物协议  has an account at the newsagent's  在那家报商有账户 3  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  a record or statement of money, goods, or services received or expended, with the balance 收支表，结算单，分类账  firms must keep detailed accounts  公司必须有明细的账目b (in pl. 用复数) the practice of accounting or reckoning 记账；计算  is good at accounts  善于理财 4  a statement of the administration of money in trust 账务管理说明；财务说明  demand an account  要求说明账务 5 Brit.  the period during which transactions take place on a stock exchange; the period from one account day to the next [英] (股票交易中的)交易期；(从一交割日到另一交割日的)间隔期 6  counting, reckoning 计算，清算 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 to be or compl.)  consider, regard as 认为，视为；当作  account it a misfortune  视为不幸 account him wise  认为他很聪明 account him to be guilty  认为他有罪 □ account for   1  serve as or provide an explanation or reason for 说明，解释；作为…的理由  that accounts for their misbehaviour  这是他们行为不良的原因 2  a  give a reckoning of or answer for (money etc. entrusted) 对(款项等)作出说明，作解释b  answer for (one's conduct) (为某人的行为)作出解释 3  succeed in killing, destroying, disposing of, or defeating 成功完成(谋杀、破坏、处置、打败等) 4  supply or make up a specified amount or proportion of 占到…比例；构成  rent accounts for 50% of expenditure  房租占开支的五成□ by all accounts   in everyone's opinion 大家的意见；一致认为□ call to account   require an explanation from (a person) 要求(某人)作出解释□ give a good (or bad) account of oneself   make a favourable (or unfavourable) impression; be successful (or unsuccessful) 表现好(糟)的；成功(失败)的□ keep account of   keep a record of; follow closely 记录行踪；监视□ leave out of account   fail or decline to consider 未考虑；不考虑□ money of account   denominations of money used in reckoning, but not current as coins (不能流通的)记账货币□ of no account   unimportant 不重要□ of some account   important 重要□ on account   1 (of goods) to be paid for later (货物)推迟付款 2 (of money) in part payment (款项)尚未付清□ on one's account   for one's benefit 为了某人的利益  don't do it on my account  不要为我去做这事□ on account of   because of 因为，由于□ on no account   under no circumstances; certainly not 无论如何不；当然不，决不□ on one's own account   for one's own purposes; at one's own risk 为自身利益；在自己承担风险的情况下□ settle (or square) accounts with   1  receive or pay money etc. owed to 与…清算，偿清 2  have revenge on 向…报复，报仇□ take account of (or take into account)   consider along with other factors 考虑，顾及  took their age into account  考虑到他们的年龄□ turn to account (or good account)   turn to one's advantage (充分)利用 [Middle English from Old French acont, aconter (as AC-, conter COUNT1)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb with as (e.g. We accounted him as wise) is considered incorrect in standard English. 该动词形式与 as 连用，如 We accounted him as wise (我们认为他很聪明), 在标准英语里被认为是不规范的。 

accountable /əˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  responsible; required to account for one's conduct 负责的；(对自身行为)应作出解释的  accountable for one's actions  对自身行为负责 2  explicable, understandable 可解释的；可理解的 □ accountability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ accountably  adv.  

accountancy /əˈkaʊnt(ə)nsi/ n.  the profession or duties of an accountant 会计师之职(或责任)；会计学

accountant /əˈkaʊnt(ə)nt/ n.  a professional keeper or inspector of accounts 会计人员；会计师 [legal French from pres. part. of Old French aconter ACCOUNT]

account day n. Brit.  a day of periodic settlement of stock exchange accounts [英] (股票)交割日

account executive n.  a business executive, esp. in advertising, who manages a client's account (尤指广告业管理客户账务的)财务主管

accounting /əˈkaʊntiŋ/ n.  1  the process of or skill in keeping and verifying accounts 会计业务或能力，记账，账务 2  in senses of ACCOUNT v. 用于 ACCOUNT 的动词各释义

account rendered n.  a bill which has been sent but is not yet paid 开出但未付的账目

accounts payable n. pl.  money owed by a company (公司)应付账款

accounts receivable n. pl.  money owed to a company (公司)应付账款

accoutre /əˈku:tə/ v. tr. (US [美] accouter) (usu. as 通常作 accoutred, US [美] -tered adj.)  attire, equip, esp. with a special outfit 提供服装；提供(特殊)装备 [French accoutrer from Old French acoustrer (as A-3, cousture ‘sewing’)]

accoutrement /əˈku:təm(ə)nt, -trə-/ n. (US also [美亦] accouterment /-təm(ə)nt/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  equipment, trappings 装备；服装 2 Mil.  a soldier's outfit other than weapons and garments 【军】(军人的)装备(除武器与服装之外) [French (as ACCOUTRE)]

accredit /əˈkredit/ v. tr. (accredited, accrediting)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  attribute (a saying etc.) to (a person) 认定，将(某一说法等)归于(某人) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  credit (a person) with (a saying etc.) 委派(某人)；委任为… 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to or at)  send (an ambassador etc.) with credentials; recommend by documents as an envoy 委派，派遣(大使等)；(以文书)任命为(特使，使节)；授权  was accredited to the sovereign  被授与君权 4  gain belief or influence for or make credible (an adviser, a statement, etc.) 赢得信任(或影响)；使(咨询者、断言等)可信 □ accreditation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French accréditer (as AC-, crédit CREDIT)]

accredited /əˈkreditid/ adj.  1 (of a person or organization) officially recognized (人或组织)正式认可的；授权的 2 (of a belief) generally accepted; orthodox (指信仰)广泛接受的；正统的 3 (of cattle, milk, etc.) having guaranteed quality (牛、牛奶等)保证质量的

accrete /əˈkri:t/ v.  1 intr.  grow together or into one 共生；和生 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  form round or on, as round a nucleus 附着，围绕 3 tr.  attract (such additions) 吸引(附着物，共生物) [Latin accrescere (as AC-, crescere cret- ‘grow’)]

accretion /əˈkri:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the addition of external matter or things 自然增加，增添b  growth by this means 增加(或增添)的结果c  a thing formed by such growth 增长物，长大物 2  an extraneous addition to something 添加物，外来物 3  the growing together or cohesion of separate things to form one (分离的物体)长成一体；合成(粘成)一体 4  growth by organic enlargement 因机体组织增大而长大，自然增长 5 Law 【法律】  a  = ACCESSIONn. 3 b  the increase of a legacy etc. by the share of a failing co-legatee (因共同接受遗产者人数的减少而)遗产等增值 □ accretive  adj.   [Latin accretio (as ACCRETE)]

accrue /əˈkru:/ v. (accrues, accrued, accruing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  come as a natural increase or advantage, esp. financial (尤指财政)自然增加或获得利益 2 tr.  accumulate; collect. 积累；收集 □ accrual  n.  □ accrued  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French acru(e), past part. of acreistre ‘increase’, from Latin accrescere ACCRETE]

acculturate /əˈkʌltʃəreit/ v.  1 intr.  adapt to or adopt a different culture 适应或采纳不同文化 2 tr.  cause to do this 使适应或采纳不同文化 □ acculturation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ acculturative  /-rətiv/ adj.  

accumulate /əˈkju:mjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  a  acquire an increasing number or quantity of; heap up 积累；堆积，聚积b  produce or acquire (a resulting whole) in this way 以积累、聚积方式生产(或获得) 2 intr.  grow numerous or considerable; form an increasing mass or quantity 以可观数量增长，积少成多 [Latin accumulare (as AC-, cumulus ‘heap’)]

accumulation /əkju:mjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of accumulating or being accumulated 积累，积存，聚积 2  an accumulated mass 积累物，聚积物 3  the growth of capital by continued interest (因利息不断增长而)资本增值 [Latin accumulatio (as ACCUMULATE)]

accumulative /əˈkju:mjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  arising from accumulation; cumulative 累进的，聚积的；积少成多的  accumulative evidence  累积证据 2  arranged so as to accumulate 力图积聚的 3  acquisitive; given to hoarding 贪心的；耽于囤积的 □ accumulatively  adv.  

accumulator /əˈkju:mjʊleitə/ n.  1 Brit.  a rechargeable electric cell [英]蓄电池，充电电池 2 Brit.  a bet placed on a sequence of events, the winnings and stake from each being placed on the next [英] (每次赢钱记入下一赌注的)累进赌注 3  a register in a computer used to contain the results of an operation (计算机的)累加器，存贮器 4  a person who accumulates things 积攒者，囤积者

accuracy /ˈækjʊrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  exactness or precision, esp. arising from careful effort 准确，精确，精准 2  the degree of refinement in measurement or specification 准确性，精密度

accurate /ˈækjʊrət/ adj.  1  careful, precise; lacking errors 仔细的，精确的，准确的 2  conforming exactly with the truth or with a given standard 完全符合(事实或标准)的 □ accurately  adv.   [Latin accuratus ‘done carefully’, past part. of accurare (as AC-, cura ‘care’)]

accursed /əˈkɜ:sid, əˈkɜ:st/ adj. (archaic [古义] accurst /əˈkɜ:st/)  1  lying under a curse; ill-fated 被诅咒的；厄运当头的 2 colloq.  detestable, annoying [口]可恶的，讨厌的 [past part. of accurse, from A-2 + CURSE]

accusal /əˈkju:z(ə)l/ n.  accusation 

accusation /ækjʊˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of accusing or being accused 控告，指控；被控告 2  a statement charging a person with an offence or crime 控诉，诉状；罪名 [Middle English via Old French from Latin accusatio -onis (as ACCUSE)]

accusative /əˈkju:zətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, expressing the object of an action or the goal of motion 宾格，直接受格 ●adj.  of or in this case 宾格的，受格的 [Middle English, from Old French accusatif -ive or Latin (casus) accusativus, translation of Greek (ptōsis) aitiatikē ‘(the case) showing cause’]

accusatorial /əkju:zəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Law (of proceedings) involving accusation by a prosecutor and a verdict reached by an impartial judge or jury (opp. 反义 INQUISITORIAL 3) 【法律】(诉讼程序)从起诉人提起诉讼到一位法官或陪审团作出判决 [Latin accusatorius (as ACCUSE)]

accusatory /əˈkju:zət(ə)ri/ adj. (of language, manner, etc.) of or implying accusation (指语言、态度等)非难的；问罪的；控诉的

accuse /əˈkju:z/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  charge (a person etc.) with a fault or crime; indict 指责，指控，控告，起诉  accused them of murder  控告他们谋杀 was accused of stealing a car  被指控盗窃汽车 2  lay the blame on 对…控告；指责… □ the accused   the person or persons charged with a crime 被指控犯罪者；被告□ accuser  n.  □ accusingly  adv.   [Middle English acuse via Old French ac(c)user from Latin accusare (as AC-, CAUSE)]

accustom /əˈkʌstəm/ v. tr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 to)  make (a person or thing or oneself) used to 使适应；使习惯  the army accustomed him to discipline  军队使他适应了纪律 was accustomed to their strange ways  适应了他们那奇特的方式 [Middle English from Old French acostumer (as AC-, costume CUSTOM)]

accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  used to 习惯了的；适应了的  accustomed to hard work  习惯了艰苦的工作 2  customary, usual 习惯的，平常的，习以为常的

AC/DC abbr. [缩略]  1  alternating current/ direct current  2 slang [俚语]  bisexual 

ace /eis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a playing card, domino, etc., with a single spot and generally having the value ‘one’ or in card games the highest value in each suit (纸牌)A ，“爱斯”，(骨牌)幺点b  a single spot on a playing card etc. (纸牌等上的)1 点 2  a  a person who excels in some activity (某一行的)第一流好手b  a pilot who has shot down many enemy aircraft (击落多架敌机的)王牌飞行员 3 Tennis etc. 【网球】  a  a service that is too good for the opponent to return 发球直接得分，爱斯球b  a point scored in this way 爱斯球所得的一分 4 Golf  a hole in one 【高尔夫球】一杆入洞 ●adj. slang  excellent [俚语]极好的，一流的 □ ace up one's sleeve (or N. Amer. [北美] in the hole)   something effective kept in reserve 暗藏绝招；锦囊妙计□ play one's ace   use one's best resource 打出王牌，使出绝招□ within an ace of   on the verge of 接近，濒临，濒于 [Middle English via Old French from Latin as ‘unity’, AS2]

-acea /ˈeiʃə/ suffix  forming the plural names of orders and classes of animals (Crustacea 甲壳类) (cf. 参见 -ACEAN) 构成动物类别的复数 [neut. pl. of Latin adjectival suffix -aceus ‘of the nature of’]

-aceae /ˈeisii:/ suffix  forming the plural names of families of plants (Rosaceae 蔷薇科) (用于构成植物类别的复数) [fem. pl. of Latin adjectival suffix -aceus ‘of the nature of’]

-acean /ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  1  forming adjectives = -ACEOUS 构成形容词 2  forming nouns as the sing. of names in -acea (crustacean 甲壳类) (构成以 -acea 结尾的名词的单数形式) [Latin -aceus: see -ACEA]

acedia /əˈsi:diə/ n.  = ACCIDIE  [Late Latin acedia from Greek akēdia ‘listlessness’]

acellular /eiˈseljʊlə/ adj. Biol. 【生】  1  having no cells; not consisting of cells 无细胞的；非细胞组成的 2 (esp. of protozoa) consisting of one cell only; unicellular (尤指原生动物)只有一个细胞的，单细胞的

-aceous /ˈeiʃəs/ suffix  forming adjectives, esp. from nouns in -acea, -aceae (herbaceous 草本的 ; rosaceous 蔷薇科的) 构成以 -acea 或 -aceae 结尾的名词的形容词形式 [Latin -aceus: see -ACEA]

acephalous /eiˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ adj.  1  headless 无头的 2  having no chief 无首领的 3 Zool.  having no part of the body specially organized as a head 【动】没有明显头部的 4 Prosody  lacking a syllable or syllables in the first foot 【诗体】第一音步缺少音节的 [medieval Latin acephalus from Greek akephalos ‘headless’ (as A-1, kephalē ‘head’)]

acer /ˈeisə/ n.  a tree or shrub of the genus Acer, which includes maples and the European sycamore 槭树 [Latin, = maple]

acerbic /əˈsɜ:bik/ adj.  1  astringently sour; harsh-tasting 酸的；苦涩的 2  bitter in speech, manner, or temper (说话、行为举止、性情等)尖酸的；刻薄的 □ acerbically  adv.  □ acerbity  n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin acerbus ‘sour-tasting’]

acetabulum /æsiˈtæbjʊləm/ n. (pl. acetabula /-lə/)  1 Anat.  the socket of the hip bone, into which the head of the femur fits 【解】髋臼，关节窝 2  a cup-shaped sucker in tapeworms, cuttlefish, and other animals (绦虫、墨鱼等动物的)吸盘 [Middle English from Latin, = vinegar cup, from acetum ‘vinegar’ + -abulum, diminutive of -abrum ‘holder’]

acetal /ˈæsitæl/ n. Chem.  any of a class of organic compounds formed by the condensation of two alcohol molecules with an aldehyde molecule 【化】乙缩醛 [as ACETIC + -AL]

acetaldehyde /æsitˈældihaid/ n.  a colourless volatile liquid aldehyde Also called 亦称作 ethanal Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3CHO 乙醛 [ACETIC + ALDEHYDE]

acetaminophen /əsetəˈminəfen, ˌæsit-/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = PARACETAMOL  [para-acetylaminophenol (cf. PARACETAMOL)]

acetate /ˈæsiteit/ n.  1  a salt or ester of acetic acid, esp. the cellulose ester used to make textiles, gramophone records, etc. also called 亦称作 ethanoate 醋酸盐 2  a fabric made from cellulose acetate 用醋酸盐纤维素制成的织物 [ACETIC + -ATE1]

acetate fibre n. (also 亦作 acetate silk)  fibre (or silk) made artificially from cellulose acetate 醋酸盐(人造)纤维(或丝)

acetic /əˈsi:tik, əˈset-/ adj.  of or like vinegar or acetic acid (像)醋的，(像)酸的 [French acétique from Latin acetum ‘vinegar’]

acetic acid n.  the clear liquid acid that gives vinegar its characteristic taste Also called 亦称作 ethanoic acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3COOH 醋酸，醇酸

aceto- /əˈsi:təʊ, ˈæsitəʊ/ comb. form Chem.  acetic, acetyl [构词成分]【化】酸的；乙酰基

acetone /ˈæsitəʊn/ n.  a colourless volatile liquid ketone valuable as a solvent of organic compounds esp. paints, varnishes, etc. Also called 亦称作 propanone Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3COCH3 丙酮 [ACETO- + -ONE]

acetous /əˈsi:təs/ adj.  1  having the qualities of vinegar 像醋的，酸的 2  producing vinegar 可产生醋的 3  sour 酸味的 [Late Latin acetosus ‘sour’ (as ACETIC)]

acetyl /ˈæsitail, -til/ n. Chem.  the monovalent radical of acetic acid, CH3CO 【化】乙酰乙酸基 [ACETIC + -YL]

acetylcholine /æsitilˈkəʊli:n, æsitail-/ n.  a compound serving to transmit impulses from nerve fibres 醋胆素 [ACETYL + CHOLINE]

acetylene /əˈsetili:n/ n.  a colourless hydrocarbon gas, burning with a bright flame, used esp. in welding and formerly in lighting Also called 亦称作 ethyne Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H2 乙炔，电石气 [ACETIC + -YL + -ENE]

acetylide /əˈsetilaid/ n.  any of a class of salts formed from acetylene and a metal 乙炔化合物

acetylsalicylic acid /ˌæsitailˌsæliˈsilik/ n.  = ASPIRIN  [ACETYL + SALICYLIC ACID]

acetyl silk n.  = ACETATE FIBRE 

Achaean /əˈki:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Achaea in ancient Greece (古希腊)阿凯亚的；阿凯亚人的 2 literary (esp. in Homeric contexts) Greek [文学用语] (尤见于荷马作品中)希腊的，希腊人的 ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Achaea 阿凯亚人 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) literary  a Greek [文学用语]希腊人 [Latin Achaeus from Greek Akhaios]

Achaemenid /əˈki:mənid/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Achaemenian /ækiˈmi:niən/) ●adj.  of or relating to the dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III 阿基梅尼王朝的(自塞勒斯一世至达赖厄斯三世统治期间的波斯王朝， 553 BC － 330 BC) ●n.  a member of this dynasty 该王朝的成员 [Latin Achaemenius from Greek Akhaimenēs, the name of the ancestor of the dynasty]

acharnement /əˈʃɑ:nmɒ˜, 法 aʃarnəmɑ˜/ n.  1  bloodthirsty fury; ferocity 嗜血狂；凶暴残忍 2  gusto 爱好，嗜好 [French]

ache /eik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a continuous or prolonged dull pain (连续的或长久的钝痛)疼痛 2  mental distress 精神不振 ●v. intr.  1  suffer from or be the source of an ache 感到疼痛；忍痛  I ached all over  我浑身疼 my left leg ached  我左腿疼 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  desire greatly 盼望，渴望  we ached to be at home again  我们渴望回家 □ achingly  adv.   [Old English œce (n.), acan (v.)]

achene /əˈki:n/ n. Bot.  a small dry one-seeded fruit that does not open to liberate the seed (e.g. a strawberry pip) 【植】瘦果 [modern Latin achaenium (as A-1, Greek khainō ‘gape’)]

Acheulian /əˈʃu:liən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Acheulean) ●adj.  of the palaeolithic period in Europe etc. following the Abbevillian and preceding the Mousterian 阿舍利文化的(指欧洲旧石器时代继阿布维利文化之后、莫斯特文化之前的一种文化) ●n.  the culture of this period 阿舍利文化 [French acheuléen from St-Acheul in N. France, where remains dating from this period were found]

achieve /əˈtʃi:v/ v. tr.  1  a  reach or attain by effort 实现；达到  achieved victory  获得胜利b  acquire, gain, earn 获得，得到，赢得  achieved notoriety  落得声名狼藉 2  accomplish or carry out (a feat or task) 完成，执行(业绩或任务) 3 absol.  be successful; attain a desired level of performance [含宾]成功；取得理想成绩 □ achievable  adj.  □ achiever  n.   [Middle English from Old French achever ‘come or bring to a head’ from a chief ‘to a head’]

achievement /əˈtʃi:vm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something achieved 成绩，成就；功绩，业绩 2  a  the act or process of achieving 完成；达到；实现(行为或过程)b  an instance of this 完成，达到(实例) 3 Psychol.  performance in a standardized test 【心】(在标准化考试中的)表现 4 Heraldry  a representation of a coat of arms with all the adjuncts to which a bearer of arms is entitled 【纹章学】某纹章的外层图案，带有该纹章的所有名号

achillea /ækiˈli:ə, æˈkiliə/ n.  any plant of the genus Achillea (daisy family), usu. aromatic with heads of small white or yellow flowers, e.g. common yarrow or milfoil 雏菊属植物，耆草属植物；西洋耆草 [Latin, from Greek Akhilleios, a plant supposed to have been used medicinally by Achilles]

Achilles heel /əˈkili:z/ n.  a person's weak or vulnerable point 阿喀琉斯的脚踵；人的薄弱之处，易受攻击之处；致命弱点 [Latin Achilles from Greek Akhilleus, a hero in the Iliad, invulnerable except in the heel]

Achilles tendon /əˈkili:z/ n.  the tendon connecting the heel with the calf muscles 脚后跟到小腿的肌腱

achiral /eiˈkaiər(ə)l/ adj. Chem. (of a crystal or molecule) not chiral 【化】(指晶体或分子)非手性的

achondroplasia /əkɒndrəˈpleizjə, eiˌkɒn-/ n. Med.  a hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones by ossification of cartilage is retarded, resulting in very short limbs and often a small face 【医】软骨发育不全 □ achondroplasic  adj.  □ achondroplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek khondros ‘cartilage’ + plasis ‘moulding’ + -IA1]

achromat /ˈækrə(ʊ)mæt/ n.  a lens made achromatic by correction 消色差透镜

achromatic /ækrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj. Optics 【光学】  1  that transmits light without separating it into constituent colours 消色差的；非彩色的  achromatic lens  消色差透镜 2  without colour 无色的  achromatic fringe  无色条纹 □ achromatically  adv.  □ achromaticity  /əkrəʊməˈtisiti/ n.  □ achromatism  /əˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.   [French achromatique from Greek akhromatos (as A-1, CHROMATIC)]

achy /ˈeiki/ adj.  full of or suffering from aches 疼痛的；疼痛不止的

acid /ˈæsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Chem. 【化】  a  any of a class of substances that liberate hydrogen ions in water, are usu. sour and corrosive, turn litmus red, and have a pH of less than 7 酸，酸类b  any compound or atom donating protons 可释放质子的化合物或原子 2 (in general use) any sour substance (通常指)酸性物质 3 slang  the drug LSD [俚语]迷幻药(毒品) ●adj.  1  sharp-tasting; sour 酸的，酸味的 2  biting, sharp 刻薄的，尖刻的  an acid wit  尖刻的讥讽 3 Chem.  having the essential properties of an acid 【化】呈酸性特征的 4 Geol.  containing much silica 【地质】含大量硅的 5 (of a colour) intense, bright (颜色)强烈的；明亮的 □ put the acid on  Austral. slang  seek to extract a loan or favour etc. from [澳] [俚语]缠着借钱或讨要好处□ acidic  /əˈsidik/ adj.  □ acidimetry  /æsiˈdimitri/ n.  □ acidly  adv.  □ acidness  n.   [French acide or Latin acidus, from acēre ‘be sour’]

acid drop n. Brit.  a kind of sweet with a sharp taste [英]酸甜糖果

acid head n. slang  a user of the drug LSD [俚语]服用 LSD(毒品)的人

acid house n.  a kind of synthesized music with a simple repetitive beat, often associated with the taking of hallucinogenic drugs (常伴随服用致幻毒品的具有简单重复节奏的)合成音乐 often 常作 attrib.: acid house parties  吸毒音乐聚会

acidify /əˈsidifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become acid 使变酸；变酸 □ acidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

acidity /əˈsiditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an acid quality or state, esp. an excessively acid condition of the stomach 酸味，酸性

acidophilic /æsidəˈfilik, əsid-/ adj.  1 Biol. (of a cell etc.) readily stained with acid dyes 【生】(细胞等)易被酸性染料上色的 2 esp. Bot.  growing best in acidic conditions (尤)【植】适宜在酸性条件下生长的 [ACID + -PHILIC (see -PHILIA)]

acidophilus /æsiˈdɒfiləs/ n.  a bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, used to make yogurt and to supplement the intestinal flora (用于制造酸奶和补充肠内菌丛的)乳酸菌，嗜酸菌 [modern Latin, = acid-loving]

acidosis /æsiˈdəʊsis/ n.  an over-acid condition of the body fluids or tissues 酸液过多症，酸毒症 □ acidotic  /-ˈdɒtik/ adj.  

acid radical n.  a radical formed by the removal of hydrogen ions from an acid (酸性物质除掉氢离子后的)酸根，酸基

acid rain n.  rain containing acid formed in the atmosphere esp. from industrial waste gases (尤指工业废气造成的)酸雨

acid test n.  1  a severe or conclusive test 决定性的测试；严峻的考验 2  a test in which acid is used to test for gold etc. 耐酸试验(用酸测试金含量等)

acidulate /əˈsidjʊleit/ v. tr.  make somewhat acid 酸化 □ acidulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin acidulus, diminutive of acidus ‘sour’]

acidulous /əˈsidjʊləs/ adj.  somewhat acid 多少带酸的，微酸的

acinus /ˈæsinəs/ n. (pl. acini /-nai/) Anat.  a small saclike cavity, esp. one in a gland surrounded by secretory cells 【解】葡萄状腺 [Latin, = berry, kernel]

-acious /ˈeiʃəs/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘inclined to, full of’ (vivacious 活泼的 ; pugnacious 好斗的 ; voracious 贪婪的 ; capacious 容量大的) 构成形容词，意为“倾向于…的”；“充满…的” [Latin -ax -acis, added chiefly to verbal stems to form adjectives + -OUS]

-acity /ˈæsiti/ suffix  forming nouns of quality or state corresponding to adjectives in -acious 构成以 -acious 结尾形容词的名词形式，表示质量或状态 [French -acité or Latin -acitas -tatis]

ack-ack /ækˈæk/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  anti-aircraft 防空的；防空火炮的 ●n.  an anti-aircraft gun etc. 防空武器；高射炮 [formerly signallers' name for the letters AA]

ackee /ˈæki/ n. (also 亦作 akee)  1  a tropical tree, Blighia sapida 阿奇果树(一种热带植物) 2  its fruit, edible when cooked 阿奇果(煮熟可食用) [Kru ɑˉkee]

ack emma /æk ˈemə/ adv. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = A.M.  [formerly signallers' name for the letters AM]

acknowledge /əkˈnɒlidʒ/ v. tr.  1  a  recognize; accept; admit the truth of 承认；接受；认可  acknowledged the failure of the plan  承认计划的失败b (often foll. by 常后跟 to be + compl.)  recognize as 认为…；视为…  acknowledged it to be a great success  视之为巨大的成功c (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  admit that something is so 承认(某事)…  acknowledged that he was wrong  承认他错了 acknowledged him to be wrong  承认他错了 2  confirm the receipt of 确认收到，确认得到  acknowledged her letter  确认收到她的信 3  a  show that one has noticed 表示已注意到  acknowledged my arrival with a grunt  用咕哝声表示知道我来了b  express appreciation of (a service etc.) (对服务等)表示赞赏 4  own; recognize the validity of 认可；承认…的有效性  the acknowledged king  公认的国王 □ acknowledgeable  adj.   [obsolete verb knowledge, influenced by obsolete acknow (as A-4, KNOW), or from obsolete noun acknowledge: see KNOWLEDGE]

acknowledgement /əkˈnɒlidʒm(ə)nt/ n. (also 亦作 acknowledgment)  1  the act or an instance of acknowledging 承认，认可 2  a  a thing given or done in return for a service etc. (对服务等的)答礼；回报b  a letter confirming receipt of something 确认收到(某物)的回信 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an author's statement of indebtedness to others 作者对惠助人的致谢词

aclinic line /əˈklinik/ n.  = MAGNETIC EQUATOR  [Greek aklinēs (as A-1, klinō ‘bend’)]

acme /ˈækmi/ n.  the highest point or period (of achievement, success, etc.); the peak of perfection (成就、成功等的)顶点，极点；极端；极致  displayed the acme of good taste  表现出极佳的品味 [Greek, = highest point]

acne /ˈækni/ n.  a skin condition, usu. of the face, characterized by red pimples 痤疮；粉刺 □ acned  adj.   [modern Latin, from erroneous Greek aknas for akmas, accusative pl. of akmē ‘facial eruption’: cf. ACME]

acolyte /ˈækəlait/ n.  1  a person assisting a priest in a service or procession 侍僧；助手 2  an assistant; a beginner 助手；学徒，初学者 [Middle English via Old French acolyt or ecclesiastical Latin acolytus, from Greek akolouthos ‘follower’]

aconite /ˈækənait/ n.  1  a  any poisonous plant of the genus Aconitum (buttercup family), esp. monkshood or wolfsbane 毛茛属植物；乌头b  = ACONITINE  2 (in full 全称 winter aconite)  any related plant of the genus Eranthis, with yellow flowers 毛茛属菟葵属植物；冬乌头 [French aconit or Latin aconitum, from Greek akoniton]

aconitine /əˈkɒniti:n/ n. Chem.  a poisonous alkaloid obtained from the aconite 【化】乌头碱

acorn /ˈeikɔ:n/ n.  the fruit of the oak, a smooth nut in a rough cuplike base 橡树果，橡实，橡子 [Old English æcern, related to æcer ACRE, later associated with OAK and CORN1]

acorn barnacle n.  any stalkless barnacle of the family Balanidae, forming a sharp-edged encrustation on rocks by the sea 藤壶科植物；藤壶

acorn worm n.  any wormlike burrowing marine animal of the phylum Hemichordata, having a proboscis and gill slits, and inhabiting seashores 柱头虫(有长吻和颌，栖居海边)

acotyledon /əkɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n.  a plant with no distinct seed-leaves 无子叶植物 □ acotyledonous  adj.   [modern Latin acotyledones pl. (as A-1, COTYLEDON)]

acoustic /əˈku:stik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  relating to sound or the sense of hearing 听觉的，声音的 2 (of a musical instrument, gramophone, or recording) not having electrical amplification (乐器、留声机等)未经电子扩音的  acoustic guitar  非电声吉他 3 (of building materials) used for soundproofing or modifying sound (建材)隔音的；改善音质的 4 Mil. (of a mine) that can be exploded by sound waves transmitted under water 【军】(水雷)可由水下声波引爆的 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the properties or qualities (esp. of a room or hall etc.) in transmitting sound (尤指房间、大厅等的)传声，音响效果  good acoustics  好的音响效果 a poor acoustic  差的音响效果 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of sound 声学  acoustics is not widely taught  声学没有被广泛地教授 □ acoustical  adj.  □ acoustically  adv.   [Greek akoustikos from akouō ‘hear’]

acoustic coupler n. Computing  a modem which converts digital signals into audible signals and vice versa, so that the former can be transmitted and received over telephone lines 【计算】(将数字信号和声音信号相互转换以使数字信号可通过电话线传输的)声音耦合器

acoustician /æku:ˈstiʃ(ə)n/ n.  an expert in acoustics 声学家

acquaint /əˈkweint/ v. tr. & refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  make (a person or oneself) aware of or familiar with 使(某人或自己)了解，使知晓；使熟悉  acquaint me with the facts  让我了解实情 □ be acquainted with   have personal knowledge of (a person or thing) 结识，了解(人或事) [Middle English via Old French acointier from Late Latin accognitare (as AC-, cognoscere cognit- ‘come to know’)]

acquaintance /əˈkweint(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  slight knowledge (of a person or thing) 初步相识，初交，初步了解(人或事) 2  the fact or process of being acquainted 认识的过程；相识，了解  our acquaintance lasted a year  我们的相识持续了一年 3  a person one knows slightly 熟人，初交，相识 □ make one's acquaintance   first meet or introduce oneself to another person (初次)接识某人□ make the acquaintance of (or make a person's acquaintance)   meet (a person) for the first time; come to know 初次相识；开始认识□ acquaintanceship  n.   [Middle English from Old French acointance (as ACQUAINT)]

acquaintance rape n.  the rape of a girl or woman by a person known to her (被奸者认识强奸者的)熟人强奸

acquiesce /ækwiˈes/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  agree, esp. tacitly; accept (an arrangement) 默许，默认；接受(某种安排) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  raise no objection 不反对，未置异议 □ acquiescence  n.  □ acquiescent  adj.   [Latin acquiescere (as AC-, quiescere ‘rest’)]

acquire /əˈkwaiə/ v. tr.  1  gain by and for oneself; obtain 学得，学会；习得 2  come into possession of 得到；获得  acquired fame  出名 acquired much property  得到大笔财产 □ acquirable  adj.  □ acquirer  n.   [Middle English from Old French aquerre, ultimately from Latin acquirere (as AC-, quaerere ‘seek’)]

acquired characteristic n. Biol.  a characteristic caused by the environment, not inherited 【生】后天习性；获得性

acquired immune deficiency syndrome  see 见 AIDS 

acquired taste n.  1  a liking gained by experience 后天养成的嗜好 2  the object of such a liking 后天嗜好的对象

acquirement /əˈkwaiəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something acquired, esp. a mental attainment 学到的东西；造诣 2  the act or an instance of acquiring 学得，习得；取得

acquisition /ækwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  something acquired, esp. if regarded as useful (尤指被视为有用的)获得物 2  the act or an instance of acquiring 获得，习得，学到 [Latin acquisitio (as ACQUIRE)]

acquisitive /əˈkwizitiv/ adj.  keen to acquire things; avaricious; materialistic 渴望获得的；贪心的，贪婪的 □ acquisitively  adv.  □ acquisitiveness  n.   [French acquisitive or Late Latin acquisitivus (as ACQUIRE)]

acquit /əˈkwit/ v. (acquitted, acquitting)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  declare (a person) not guilty 宣判(某人)无罪  were acquitted of the offence  被判没有犯那罪行 2 refl.  a  conduct oneself or perform in a specified way 使(自己)作出某种表现；使(自己)履行  we acquitted ourselves well  我们干得不错b (foll. by 后跟 of)  discharge (a duty or responsibility) 卸下，卸掉(职责或责任) [Middle English via Old French aquiter from medieval Latin acquitare ‘pay a debt’ (as AC-, QUIT)]

acquittal /əˈkwit(ə)l/ n.  1  the process of freeing or being freed from a charge, esp. by a judgement of not guilty 宣判无罪；无罪开释 2  performance of a duty 履行职责

acquittance /əˈkwit(ə)ns/ n.  1  payment of or release from a debt 偿清，偿还；解除(债务) 2  a written receipt attesting settlement of a debt 清还证明书 [Middle English from Old French aquitance (as ACQUIT)]

acre /ˈeikə/ n.  1  a measure of land, 4,840 sq. yards, 0.405 hectare 英亩(合 0.405 公顷) 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a large area or amount 一大块地；大量 □ acred  adj. (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)   [Old English œcer, from Germanic]

acreage /ˈeik(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  a number of acres 英亩数，以英亩数计算的面积 2  an extent of land 一片土地

acrid /ˈækrid/ adj.  1  bitterly pungent; irritating; corrosive 辛辣的；触怒人的；腐蚀性的 2  bitter in temper or manner (脾气或态度)严厉的；尖刻的 □ acridity  /əˈkriditi/ n.  □ acridly  adv.   [formed irregularly from Latin acer acris ‘keen’ + -ID1, probably influenced by acid]

acridine /ˈækridi:n/ n.  a solid colourless organic compound used in the manufacture of dyes and drugs 吖啶，氮蒽(医药原料) [ACRID + -INE4]

acriflavine /ækriˈfleivin, -i:n/ n.  a reddish powder used as an antiseptic 吖黄素，吖啶黄(用于杀菌剂) [formed irregularly from ACRIDINE + FLAVINE]

acrimonious /ækriˈməʊniəs/ adj.  bitter in manner or temper (态度或脾气)严厉的，尖刻的 □ acrimoniously  adv.   [French acrimonieux, -euse via medieval Latin acrimoniosus from Latin acrimonia ACRIMONY]

acrimony /ˈækriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  bitterness of temper or manner; ill feeling (脾气或态度)严厉，激烈，尖刻 [French acrimonie or Latin acrimonia ‘pungency’ (as ACRID)]

acrobat /ˈækrəbæt/ n.  1  a performer of spectacular gymnastic feats 杂技演员 2  a person noted for constant change of mind, allegiance, etc. 善变的人；翻云覆雨者 □ acrobatic  /ækrəˈbætik/ adj.  □ acrobatically  /ækrəˈbætik(ə)li/ adv.   [French acrobate from Greek akrobatēs, from akron ‘summit’ + bainō ‘walk’]

acrobatics /ækrəˈbætiks/ n. pl.  1  acrobatic feats 杂技 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the art of performing these 杂技艺术 3  a skill requiring ingenuity 技巧，巧妙手法  mental acrobatics  构思上的巧妙

acromegaly /ækrə(ʊ)ˈmeɡəli/ n. Med.  abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland 【医】前端肥大症，肢端肥大症 □ acromegalic  /-miˈɡælik/ adj.   [French acromégalie, from Greek akron ‘extremity’ + megas megal- ‘great’]

acronym /ˈækrənim/ n.  a word, usu. pronounced as such, formed from the initial letters of other words (e.g. 如 Ernie 摇奖机 , laser 激光 , Nato 北约) 缩写字，首字母缩略语 [Greek akron ‘end’ + onuma = onoma ‘name’]

acropetal /əˈkrɒpit(ə)l/ adj. Bot.  developing from below upwards 【植】向顶的 □ acropetally  adv.   [Greek akron ‘tip’ + Latin petere ‘seek’]

acrophobia /ækrəˈfəʊbiə/ n. Psychol.  an abnormal dread of heights 【心】恐高症 □ acrophobic  adj.   [Greek akron ‘peak’ + -PHOBIA]

acropolis /əˈkrɒpəlis/ n.  1  a citadel or upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city (古希腊城的)卫城 2 (作 Acropolis)  the ancient citadel at Athens 雅典卫城 [Greek akropolis from akron ‘summit’ + polis ‘city’]

across /əˈkrɒs/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  to or on the other side of 向对面，去对面，穿越；对面，对过  walked across the road  步行穿过马路 lives across the river  住在河对岸 2  from one side to another side of 横过；跨过，穿过  the cover stretched across the opening  覆盖物盖过开口 a bridge across the river  横跨在河上的桥 3  at or forming an angle (esp. a right angle) with 与…交叉(尤成直角)  deep cuts across his legs  横划过他双腿的深口子 ●adv.  1  to or on the other side 走过，穿过  ran across  跑过 shall soon be across  很快就过来 2  from one side to another 从一侧到另一侧  a blanket stretched across  整个盖上的毯子 3  forming a cross 成十字，交叉  with cuts across  带十字切口 4 (of a crossword clue or answer) read horizontally (填字游戏的提示或答案)横读  cannot do nine across  横拼的 9 号填不出 □ across the board   general; generally; applying to all 总体上；普遍地；适用于所有的 [Middle English from Old French a croix, en croix ‘in, on a cross’, later regarded as from A2 + CROSS]

acrostic /əˈkrɒstik/ n.  1  a poem or other composition in which certain letters in each line form a word or words (诗或文的每一行的某字母能联成词或词语的)离合体诗，藏头诗 2  a word-puzzle constructed in this way 离合体诗形式的字谜 [French acrostiche or Greek akrostikhis, from akron ‘end’ + stikhos ‘row, line of verse’, assimilated to -IC]

acrylic /əˈkrilik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  made with a synthetic polymer derived from acrylic acid 丙烯酸制品的 2 Chem.  of or derived from acrylic acid 【化】丙烯酸的 ●n.  1  an acrylic textile fibre 丙烯酸纤维 2 (also in pl. 亦用复数)  acrylic paint 丙烯酸涂料 [acrolein (from Latin acer acris ‘pungent’ + olēre ‘to smell’) + -YL + -IC]

acrylic acid n.  a pungent liquid organic acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H4O2 丙烯酸

acrylic resin n.  any of various transparent colourless polymers of acrylic acid 丙烯酸树脂

ACT abbr.  Australian Capital Territory [缩略]澳大利亚首都地区

act /ækt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something done; a deed; an action 行为，行动，举动 2  the process of doing something 行动过程，进行中；当场  caught in the act  当场被抓 3  a  a piece of entertainment, usu. one of a series in a programme (系列演出的)一个节目；短节目，一出b  the performer(s) of this 这种节目的演员 4  a pretence; behaviour intended to deceive or impress 假装；装腔作势  it was all an act  这不过是在演戏 5  a main division of a play or opera (戏或剧的)一幕 6  a (also 亦作 Act)  a written ordinance of a parliament or other legislative body (议会或其他立法机构的)法案b  a document attesting a legal transaction 法令 7 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the recorded decisions or proceedings of a committee, an academic body, etc. (委员会、学术机构等的)决议(或公报) 8 (作 Acts) (in full 全称 Acts of the Apostles)  the New Testament book relating the growth of the early Church (《新约全书》中的)《使徒行传》 ●v.  1 intr.  behave 行为，举止，表现  see how they act under stress  看看他们在压力下是如何表现的 2 intr.  perform actions or functions; operate effectively; take action 实行，运行；有效运转；采取行动  act as referee  作裁判 the brakes failed to act  刹车失灵了 we must act quickly  我们必须立即采取行动 3 intr. (also foll. by 亦后跟 on)  exert energy or influence 作用于；影响  the medicine soon began to act  药很快就发挥了作用 alcohol acts on the brain  酒精对大脑起作用 4 intr.  a  perform a part in a play, film, etc. (在影、剧中等)扮演角色b  pretend 假装，装 5 tr.  a  perform the part of 演…，扮演…  acted Othello  扮演奥赛罗 acts the fool  装傻b  perform (a play etc.) 演戏，表演c  portray (an incident) by actions 用表演说明(事件等)d  feign 装作，佯装  we acted indifference  我们装作若无其事 □ act for   be the (esp. legal) representative of (尤指法定)代理，代表□ act of God   an instance of uncontrollable natural forces in operation 人力无法抗拒事件；天灾(对由此带来的损失不得要求赔偿)□ act of grace   a privilege or concession that cannot be claimed as a right 恩典，宽限□ act on (or upon)   perform or carry out; put into operation 做，执行；付诸行动  acted on my advice  根据我的建议行动□ act out   1  translate (ideas etc.) into action 用行动表现出(思想等) 2 Psychol.  represent (one's subconscious desires etc.) in action 【心】把(潜意识的愿望等)反映到行动中□ act up  colloq.  misbehave; give trouble [口]行为不端；惹麻烦  my car is acting up again  我的汽车又出麻烦了□ get one's act together  slang  become properly organized; make preparations for an undertaking etc. [俚语]准备就绪；准备从事□ get in on the act  slang  become a participant (esp. for profit) [俚语]成为一员，有份(尤指利益)；沾光□ put on an act  colloq.  carry out a pretence [口]装假，装蒜□ actable  adj. (in sense 5 of v. 用于动词释义 5)  □ actability  /-ˈbiliti/ n. (in sense 5 of v. 用于动词释义 5)   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin agere act- ‘do’]

ACTH abbr. [缩略]  adrenocorticotrophic hormone 

actin /ˈæktin/ n.  a protein which with myosin forms the contractile filaments of muscle fibres 肌动蛋白，肌纤蛋白 [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’ + -IN]

acting /ˈæktiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the art or occupation of performing parts in plays, films, etc. 演戏或电影等(艺术或职业)，演出 2  in senses of ACT v. 用于 ACT 的动词各释义 ●attrib. adj.  serving temporarily or on behalf of another or others 暂时代理的，临时代办的  acting manager  代理经理 Acting Captain  代理船长

acting pilot officer n.  a rank in the RAF above warrant officer and below pilot officer 准少尉(英国皇家空军的军衔，高于准尉，低于少尉)

actinia /ækˈtiniə/ n. (pl. actiniae /-nii:/)  a sea anemone, esp. of the genus Actinia 海葵属；海葵 [modern Latin, from Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’]

actinide /ˈæktinaid/ n. (also 亦作 actinoid /ˈæktinɔid/) Chem.  any of the series of 15 radioactive elements of increasing atomic number from actinium (no. 89) to lawrencium (no. 103) 【化】锕类(原子序数从 89 到 103 的任何一组 15 个放射性元素) [ACTINIUM + -IDE on the pattern of lanthanide]

actinide series n. Chem.  the series of 15 radioactive elements from actinium to lawrencium 【化】锕系，锕系元素(从锕到铹的 15 个放射性元素系列)

actinism /ˈæktiniz(ə)m/ n.  the property of short-wave radiation that produces chemical changes, as in photography 光化性，光化作用 □ actinic  /ækˈtinik/ adj.   [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’]

actinium /ækˈtiniəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element of the actinide series, occurring naturally in pitchblende (symbol 符 Ac) 【化】(化学元素)锕 [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’ + -IUM]

actinoid var.  of ACTINIDE  ACTINIDE 的变体

actinometer /æktiˈnɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity of radiation, esp. ultraviolet radiation 光化线强度计(尤指紫外线)；感光计 [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’ + -METER]

actinomorphic /ˌæktinəˈmɔ:fik/ adj. Biol.  radially symmetrical 【生】放射对称的；放射型的 [Greek aktis, -inos ‘ray’ + Greek morphē ‘form’]

actinomycete /ˌæktinə(ʊ)ˈmaisi:t/ n.  any of the usu. non-motile filamentous anaerobic bacteria of the order Actinomycetales 放线菌 [Greek aktis, -inos ‘ray’ + -mycetes from Greek mukēs -ētos ‘fungus’]

action /ˈækʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the fact or process of doing or acting 行动过程；行动  demanded action  要求行动 put ideas into action  把想法变成行动 2  forcefulness or energy as a characteristic 强有力，积极活动  a woman of action  实干的女人 3  the exertion of energy or influence 发挥效力；作用  the action of acid on metal  酸对金属的作用 4  something done; a deed or act 做出的事；行为  not aware of his own actions  没有意识到自己的行为 5  a  a series of events represented in a story, play, etc. (故事、戏剧等表现的)一系列事件b slang  exciting activity [俚语]令人激动的活动  arrived late and missed the action  来晚而错过了热闹 want some action  想找点乐儿 6  a  armed conflict; fighting 武装冲突；战斗  killed in action  在战斗中丧生b  an occurrence of this, esp. a minor military engagement (一次)战斗(尤指小规模军事冲突) 7  a  the way in which a machine, instrument, etc. works (机器、仪表等的)工作方式  explain the action of an air pump  解释气泵的工作原理b  the mechanism that makes a machine, instrument, etc. (e.g. a musical instrument, a gun, etc.) work (使乐器、枪械等机器或工具运转的)机械装置；机制c  the mode or style of movement of an animal or human (usu. described in some way) (动物或人的)动作姿势(常带有修饰词)  a runner with good action  姿势很好的跑步运动员 8  a legal process; a lawsuit 法律程序；诉讼  bring an action  提起诉讼 9 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  a word of command to begin, esp. used by a film director etc. 开始！ (尤指电影导演等常用的) ●v. tr.  bring a legal action against 对…提起诉讼 □ go into action   start work 开始工作□ out of action   not working 不工作，失灵□ take action   begin to act (esp. energetically in protest) 采取行动(尤指抗议) [Middle English via Old French from Latin actio -onis (as ACT)]

actionable /ˈækʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  giving cause for legal action 有理由起诉的，可控告的

action committee n. (also 亦作 action group etc.)  a body formed to take active steps, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)行动委员会，执行委员会

action-packed adj. colloq.  full of action or excitement [口]充满活力的；激动的

action painting n.  an aspect of abstract expressionism with paint applied by the artist's random or spontaneous gestures (抽象派艺术的)动作画派，抽象表现派

action point n.  a proposal for action, esp. arising from a discussion etc. (尤指讨论等中提出的)行动建议

action replay n. Brit.  a playback of part of a television broadcast, esp. a sporting event, often in slow motion [英] (尤指体育电视节目中的)动作回放(常为慢镜头)

action research n.  research carried out in the course of an activity or occupation, esp. education, to improve the methods and approach of those involved (尤指在教育等活动中开展的旨在改进方法的)行动研究

action stations n. pl. esp. Brit.  positions taken up in readiness for action, esp. by troops preparing for battle [尤英] (尤指士兵准备战斗的)站位

activate /ˈæktiveit/ v. tr.  1  make active; bring into action 使激活；使活动 2 Chem.  cause reaction in; excite (a substance, molecules, etc.) 【化】激活，活化(某种物质、分子等) 3 Physics  make radioactive 【物理学】使带放射性 □ activation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ activator  n.  

activated carbon n.  carbon, esp. charcoal, treated to increase its adsorptive power 活性炭

activated sludge n.  aerated sewage containing aerobic micro-organisms to break it down (含有亲氧微生物，充气加速的)活化排污

active /ˈæktiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  consisting in or marked by action; energetic; diligent 有活力的；勤快的  leads an active life  过着一种充满活力的生活 an active helper  勤快的帮手b  able to move about or accomplish practical tasks 活跃的；能动的；活动的  infirmity made him less active  虚弱降低了他的活动能力 2  working, operative 正在活动的；运转的  an active volcano  活火山 3  originating action; not merely passive or inert 积极主动的；不被动的；非惰性的  active support  积极的支持 active ingredients  非惰性成分 4  radioactive 放射性的，带放射性的 5 Gram.  designating the voice that attributes the action of a verb to the person or thing from which it logically proceeds (e.g. of the verbs in 例如以下句子中的动词 guns kill 枪能杀人 ; we saw him 我们看见了他) 【语法】主动语态 ●n. Gram.  the active form or voice of a verb 【语法】动词的主动形式 □ actively  adv.  □ activeness  n.   [Middle English from Old French actif -ive or Latin activus (as ACT v.)]

active birth n.  childbirth during which the mother is encouraged to be as active as possible, mainly by moving around freely and assuming any position which feels comfortable 活动分娩(在分娩过程中让母亲自由活动，采取任何舒服的姿势)

active carbon n.  = ACTIVATED CARBON 

active citizen n.  a person who plays an active role in the community, esp. by participating in crime prevention, self-help schemes, etc. (活跃在社区里，尤指参与防止犯罪、实施自助计划等的)积极公民

active duty n.  participation in policing or military operational activities 现役(军人或警察)

active matrix n. Electronics  a display system in which each pixel is individually controlled 【电子学】(每一行像素单独控制的)活性矩阵 also 亦作 attrib.: active matrix LCD  活性矩阵液晶显示屏

active service n.  participation in warfare as a member of the armed forces (军人)现役

active transport n. Biol.  the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy 【生】(在酶和能量作用下离子或分子通过细胞壁)向浓度较大的一侧运动

activism /ˈæktiviz(ə)m/ n.  a policy of vigorous action in a cause, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)行动主义，激进主义；能动论 □ activist  n.  

activity /ækˈtiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the condition of being active or moving about 活动；能动性b  the exertion of energy; vigorous action 剧烈活动；活跃 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a particular occupation or pursuit 某项活动，行业  outdoor activities  户外活动 3  = RADIOACTIVITY  [French activité or Late Latin activitas (as ACTIVE)]

Act of Supremacy n. Brit. hist.  an act securing ecclesiastical supremacy to the Crown and excluding the authority of the Pope [英史义]授予王权以神权(排斥教皇权力)的法案

Act of Uniformity n. Brit. hist.  any of four acts (esp. that of 1662) for securing uniformity in public worship and the use of a particular Book of Common Prayer [英史义]规范公众礼拜法案(使用统一祈祷书的 4 部法案之一，尤指 1662 年的那一部)

actor /ˈæktə/ n.  1  a  a person who acts a part in a play etc. (剧等中的)扮演者b  a person whose profession is performing such parts 演员 2  a person who pretends to be something he or she is not 装假的人 [Latin, = doer, actor (as ACT, -OR1)]

actor-manager n.  a person who is both manager of and actor in a theatre company (剧团中)既是演员又是经理的人

actress /ˈæktris/ n.  a female actor 女演员

actual /ˈæktjʊəl, -tʃʊəl/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  existing in fact; real (often as distinct from ideal) 实际的，实在的(常区别于理想的) 2  existing now; current 现存的；目前的 □ actualize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ actualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French actuel from Late Latin actualis, from actus ACT n.]■Usage 用法说明 Redundant use, as in Tell me the actual facts, is common but to be avoided in formal contexts. 类似 Tell me the actual facts 这样的冗赘用法很常见，但在正式文体中应避免。 

actual bodily harm n.  injury, such as bruising, broken bones, etc., inflicted intentionally on a person but less serious than grievous bodily harm (有意施加的轻于严重人身伤害的)实际人身伤害(如使青肿、断骨等)

actuality /æktjʊˈæliti, -tʃʊ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  reality; what is the case 现实，现状；实在 2 (in pl. 用复数)  existing conditions 现实情况，事实 [Middle English from Old French actualité ‘entity’ or medieval Latin actualitas (as ACTUAL)]

actually /ˈæktjʊəli, -tʃʊ-/ adv.  1  as a fact, really 事实上，实际上  I asked for ten, but actually got nine  我要 10 个，但实际得到 9 个 2  as a matter of fact, even (strange as it may seem) 的确；甚至，竟然  he actually refused!  他竟拒绝了！ 3  at present; for the time being 目前；暂时地

actuary /ˈæktjʊəri, -tʃʊ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  an expert in statistics and probability theory, esp. one who calculates insurance risks and premiums (保险)精算师；保险(业务)计算员 □ actuarial  /-ˈɛəriəl/ adj.  □ actuarially  /-ˈɛəriəli/ adv.   [Latin actuarius ‘bookkeeper’ from actus ACT n.]

actuate /ˈæktjʊeit, -tʃʊ-/ v. tr.  1  communicate motion to (a machine etc.) 开动(机器等)；使动作 2  cause the operation of (an electrical device etc.) 使(电子设备等)运转 3  cause (a person) to act 使(人)行动 □ actuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ actuator  n.   [medieval Latin actuare from Latin actus ACT n.]

acuity /əˈkju:iti/ n.  sharpness, acuteness (of a needle, senses, understanding) (针、感觉、理解力的)尖锐性，敏锐性 [French acuité or medieval Latin acuitas, from acuere ‘sharpen’: see ACUTE]

aculeate /əˈkju:liət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Zool.  having a sting 【动】有蛰刺的 2  pointed, incisive 尖的，尖利的；敏锐的 ●n. Zool.  any hymenopteran insect of the section Aculeata, including bees, wasps, and ants 【动】针尾派昆虫(包括蜜蜂、马蜂、蚂蚁等) [Latin aculeatus from aculeus ‘sting’, diminutive of acus ‘needle’]

acumen /ˈækjʊmən, əˈkju:mən/ n.  keen insight or discernment; penetration 敏锐，机敏；洞察 [Latin acumen -minis ‘point, acuteress’ from acuere ‘sharpen’: see ACUTE]

acuminate /əˈkju:minət/ adj. Biol.  tapering to a point 【生】带尖的，有尖的 [Latin acuminatus ‘pointed’ (as ACUMEN)]

acupressure /ˈækjʊpreʃə/ n.  = SHIATSU  [portmanteau word from ACUPUNCTURE + PRESSURE]

acupuncture /ˈækjʊpʌŋktʃə/ n.  a method (originally Chinese) of treating various medical conditions by pricking the skin or tissues with needles (源于中国的)针刺，针灸 □ acupuncturist  n.   [Latin acu ‘with a needle’ + PUNCTURE]

acushla /əˈkʊʃlə/ n. Ir.  darling [爱尔兰]亲爱的 [Irish a chuisle (moi chroi) ‘O pulse (of my heart)!’]

acute /əˈkju:t/ adj. & n. ●adj. (acuter, acutest)  1 (of sensation or senses) keen, penetrating (感应或感觉)敏锐的，洞察的 2  shrewd, perceptive 精明的；尖锐的  an acute critic  一位尖锐的批评家 3 (of a disease) coming sharply to a crisis; severe, not chronic (疾病)严重的，危险的；急性的 4 (of a difficulty or controversy) critical, serious (困难或争论)严重的 5  a (of an angle) less than 90° (角度)锐角的b  sharp, pointed 锋利的；尖的 6 (of a sound) high, shrill (声音)尖声的，刺耳的 ●n.  = ACUTE ACCENT  □ acutely  adv.  □ acuteness  n.   [Latin acutus, past part. of acuere ‘sharpen’ from acus ‘needle’]

acute accent n.  a mark (′) placed over letters in some languages to show quality, vowel length, pronunciation, etc. (e.g. 例如 maté) 等 (某些语言中置于字母上表示性质、元音长度、发音等的)重音符号(′)

acute rheumatism n.  = RHEUMATIC FEVER 

ACW abbr.  Aircraftwoman [缩略]空军女兵

-acy /əsi/ suffix  forming nouns of state or quality  accuracy  精确度 piracy  盗版行为 supremacy  至高无上, or an instance of it  conspiracy  阴谋 fallacy  谬论 (see also 另见 -CRACY) 构成表示状态或性质的名词，或其实例 [a branch of the suffix -CY from or influenced by French -acie, Latin -acia or -atia, or Greek -ateia]

acyclovir /eiˈsaikləvaiə/ n. Pharm.  an antiviral drug used esp. in the treatment of herpes and Aids 【药】无环鸟苷(一种抗病毒药，尤用于治疗疱疹和艾滋病)

acyl /ˈeisail, ˈæsil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent radical of a carboxylic acid 【化】酰；酰基 [German (as ACID, -YL)]

AD abbr. (of a date) of the Christian era [缩略] (指年代)公元，公元后 [Anno Domini, ‘in the year of the Lord’]■Usage 用法说明 Strictly, AD should precede a date (e.g. AD 410), but uses such as the tenth century AD are well established. 严格地说， AD 应加在年份前面(如 AD410) ；但现在 the tenth century AD 这样的用法很普遍。 

ad /æd/ n. colloq.  an advertisement [口]广告 [abbreviation]

ad- /æd, əd/ prefix (also a- before sc, sp, st, ac- before c, k, q, af- before f, ag- before g, al- before l, an- before n, ap- before p, ar- before r, as- before s, at- before t 在 sc 、 sp 和 st 前亦作 a-, 在 c 、 k 和 q 前亦作 ac-, 在 f 前亦作 af-, 在 g 前亦作 ag-, 在 l 前亦作 al-, 在 n 前亦作 an-, 在 p 前亦作 ap-, 在 r 前亦作 ar-, 在 s 前亦作 as-, 在 t 前亦作 at-)  1  with the sense of motion or direction to, reduction or change into, addition, adherence, increase, or intensification 意为向…，朝…；成为…；增；附着增加；加强等 2  formed by assimilation of other prefixes (accurse 诅咒 ; admiral 海军上将 ; advance 前进 ; affray 骚扰) 其他前缀演变同化 [(sense 1) (via Old French a-) from Latin ad ‘to’: (sense 2) a- representing various prefixes other than ad-]

-ad1 /æd, əd/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  in collective numerals (myriad 无数 ; triad 三合一) 构成集合数词 2  in fem. patronymics (Dryad 森林女神) 构成女性源于父名的姓 3  in names of poems and similar compositions (Iliad 《伊利亚特》 ; Dunciad 《群愚史诗》 ; jeremiad 《哀诉》) 诗一类作品的名字 [Greek -as -ada]

-ad2 /əd/ suffix  forming nouns (ballad 歌谣 ; salad 色拉) (cf. 参见 -ADE1) 构成名词 [French -ade]

Ada /ˈeidə/   埃达 [人名]

adage /ˈædidʒ/ n.  a traditional maxim; a proverb 警句，格言；谚语 [French from Latin adagium (as AD-, root of aio ‘say’)]

adagio /əˈdɑ:dʒiəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in slow time 缓慢地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  an adagio movement or passage 缓慢的行进或通过 [Italian, from ad agio ‘at ease’]

Adam1 /ˈædəm/ n.  the first man, in the biblical and Koranic traditions (《圣经》和《可兰经》上提到的)世上第一个男人；亚当 □ not know a person from Adam   be unable to recognize the person in question 不认识；全然不知(某人) [Hebrew 'ɑˉdɑˉm ‘man’]

Adam2 /ˈædəm/ adj.  of the style of architecture, furniture, and design created by the Scottish brothers Robert and James Adam (18th c.) (建筑、家具及其设计)具有罗伯特·亚当和詹姆士·亚当 (18 世纪苏格兰建筑师)风格的

Adam /ˈædəm/   亚当 [人名]

adamant /ˈædəm(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  stubbornly resolute; resistant to persuasion 坚定不移的；固执的，不听劝的 ●n. archaic  diamond or other hard substance [古义]钻石；坚硬的定西 □ adamance  n.  □ adamantine  /-ˈmæntain/ adj.  □ adamantly  adv.   [Old French adamaunt via Latin adamas adamant- ‘untameable’ from Greek (as A-1, damaō ‘to tame’)]

Adam's ale n.  water 水

Adam's apple n.  the projection at the front of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx 喉结

adapt /əˈdæpt/ v.  1 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  fit, adjust (one thing to another) 使适应，使适合b (foll. by 后跟 to, for)  make suitable for a purpose 使适宜于c  alter or modify (esp. a text) 修改；改进(尤其文章等)d  arrange for broadcasting etc. 使适合(广播播出等) 2 intr. & refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  become adjusted to new conditions 变得适合于(新环境) □ adaptive  adj.   [French adapter from Latin adaptare (as AD-, aptare from aptus ‘fit’)]

adaptable /əˈdæptəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to adapt oneself to new conditions 适应性强的，能适应的 2  that can be adapted 能改制的；可改编的 □ adaptability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ adaptably  adv.  

adaptation /ædəpˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of adapting or being adapted 适应；改写，改编 2  a thing that has been adapted 改写的东西，改编的作品 3 Biol.  the process by which an organism or species becomes suited to its environment 【生】适应性改变；感官适应性调节 [French, from Late Latin adaptatio -onis (as ADAPT)]

adaptive radiation n. Biol.  the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches 【生】适应性辐射

adaptor /əˈdæptə/ n. (also 亦作 adapter)  1  a device for making equipment compatible 适配器，匹配器 2 Brit.  a device for connecting several electrical plugs to one socket [英] (可插多个插头的)电源插座 3  a person who adapts 改编者

adaxial /æˈdæksiəl/ adj. Bot.  facing toward the stem of a plant, esp. designating the upper side of a leaf (cf. 参见 ABAXIAL) 【植】(尤指叶子上端)近轴的 [AD- + AXIAL]

ADC abbr. [缩略]  1  aide-de-camp  2  analogue-digital converter 模数转换器

add /æd/ v. tr.  1  join (one thing to another) as an increase or supplement 把(某物)加到(另一物)；增加  add your efforts to mine  我的努力加上你的 add insult to injury  连伤害带侮辱 2  put together (two or more numbers) to find a number denoting their combined value 把(两个或多个数目)相加；合计 3  say in addition 补充，补充说  added a remark  补充一句话 added that I was wrong  补充说我错了 ‘What's more, I don't like it, ’ he added  “还有，我不喜欢它。”他补充说 □ add in   include 包括□ add to   increase; be a further item among 增加；加入  this adds to our difficulties  这更增加了我们的困难□ add up   1  find the total of 合计，算出总数 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  amount to; constitute 累积到；酿成  adds up to a disaster  酿成了一场灾难 3 colloq.  make sense; be understandable [口]有意义；可以被理解□ added  adj.   [Middle English from Latin addere (as AD-, dare ‘put’)]

addax /ˈædæks/ n.  a large antelope, Addax nasomaculatus, of N. Africa, with twisted horns (北非的)曲角羚羊 [Latin, from an African word]

addendum /əˈdendəm/ n. (pl. addenda /-də/)  1  a thing (usu. something omitted) to be added, esp. (in pl.) as additional matter at the end of a book (尤用作复数，指附在书末的)补遗 2  an appendix; an addition 附录；增补 [Latin, gerundive of addere ADD]

adder /ˈædə/ n.  a small often venomous snake, esp. the common viper, Vipera berus, the only poisonous snake in Britain (常有毒的)小蛇(尤指英国惟一的毒蛇蝰蛇) [Old English nædre: n lost in Middle English by wrong division of a naddre: cf. APRON, AUGER, UMPIRE]

adder's tongue n.  any of several plants, esp. a fern of the genus Ophioglossum or (N. Amer.) the dog's tooth violet 山慈菇；[北美]瓶尔小草属植物

addict v. & n. ●v. tr. & refl. /əˈdikt/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  devote or apply habitually or compulsively; make addicted 沉溺于；成瘾 ●n. /ˈædikt/  1  a person addicted to a habit, esp. one dependent on a (specified) drug 有瘾的人(尤指对某种毒品)  drug addict  毒品瘾君子 heroin addict  吸海洛因者 2 colloq.  an enthusiastic devotee of a sport or pastime [口] (对某种体育或娱乐)着迷的人  film addict  影迷 [originally as adj., in the sense ‘formally assigned or bound to’: Latin addicere ‘assign’ (as AD-, dicere dict- ‘say’)]

addicted /əˈdiktid/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  dependent on as a habit; unable to do without a thing 成瘾的；不能摆脱某物的  addicted to heroin  吸海洛因成瘾的 found he was addicted  发现他已经上了瘾 2  devoted 献身于；执着于  addicted to football  迷上足球

addiction /əˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  the fact or process of being addicted, esp. the condition of taking a drug habitually and being unable to give it up without incurring adverse effects 沉溺；上瘾 [Latin addictio: see ADDICT]

addictive /əˈdiktiv/ adj. (of a drug, habit, etc.) causing addiction or dependence (毒品、习惯等)上瘾的，成瘾的

Addis Ababa /ˈædisˈæbəbə/ n.  亚的斯亚贝巴 [埃塞俄比亚首都]

Addison's disease /ˈædis(ə)nz diˌzi:z/ n.  a condition caused by an adrenal deficiency and marked by weakness, low blood pressure, and brown discoloration of the skin 艾迪生病，(肾上腺素性)青铜色皮病 [named after T. Addison, English physician d. 1860, who first recognized it]

addition /əˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of adding or being added 加法，加 2  a person or thing added 增加的人(或东西)  a useful addition to the team  增加了一个有用的队员 □ in addition  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  as something added 另外，此外 [Middle English from Old French addition or from Latin additio (as ADD)]

additional /əˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  added, extra, supplementary 附加的，另外的；补充的 □ additionally  adv.  

additive /ˈæditiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a thing added, esp. a substance added to another so as to give it specific qualities 添加物，添加剂  food additive  食品添加剂 ●adj.  1  characterized by addition 额外的，附加的  additive process  附加的工序 2  to be added 增加的 [Late Latin additivus (as ADD)]

addle /ˈæd(ə)l/ v. & adj. ●v.  1 tr.  muddle, confuse 扰乱；弄糊涂 2 intr. (of an egg) become addled (鸡蛋)变坏 ●adj.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词)  muddled, unsound 混乱的，糊涂的；不健全的  addle-brained  思想糊涂的 addle-head  糊涂脑袋 2  empty, vain 空的；徒劳的 3 (of an egg) addled (鸡蛋)坏了的 [Old English adela ‘filth’, used as adj., then as verb]

addled /ˈæd(ə)ld/ adj.  1 (of an egg) rotten, producing no chick (鸡蛋)腐坏不能孵出小鸡的 2  muddled 昏沉的 [ADDLE adj., assimilated to past part. form]

add-on n.  something added to an existing object or quantity 添加物，附加部分，额外部分 also 亦作 attrib.: several add-on features are available  还有几个附加特征

address /əˈdres/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the place where a person lives or an organization is situated 住址；地址b  particulars of this, esp. for postal purposes (尤指用于邮递的)详细地址c Computing  the location of an item of stored information 【计算】(信息的)存放地点 2  a discourse delivered to an audience 致词；讲话 3  skill, dexterity, readiness 技巧，灵巧，敏捷 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a courteous approach; courtship 彬彬有礼地接近；求爱  pay one's addresses to  向…求爱 5 archaic  manner in conversation [古义]谈话的态度 ●v. tr.  1  write directions for delivery (esp. the name and address of the intended recipient) on (an envelope, packet, etc.) (在邮件上)写地址 2  direct in speech or writing (remarks, a protest, etc.) (讲话或书面言论、抗议等)针对 3  speak or write to, esp. formally (尤指正式地)讲话或写信给…  addressed the audience  向观众致词 asked me how to address a duke  问我如何给公爵写信 4  direct one's attention to 使注意；将注意力引向… 5 Golf  take aim at or prepare to hit (the ball) 【高尔夫球】瞄准(球) □ address oneself to   1  speak or write to 向…讲话或写信 2  attend to 照料；专心于□ addressable  adj.  □ addresser  n.   [Middle English from Old French adresser, ultimately from Latin (as AD-, directus DIRECT): the noun perhaps from French adresse]

addressee /ædreˈsi:/ n.  the person to whom something (esp. a letter) is addressed 收信人，收件人

Addressograph /əˈdresəɡrɑ:f/ n. propr.  a machine for printing addresses on envelopes [商标]信封地址打印机

adduce /əˈdju:s/ v. tr.  cite as an instance or as proof or evidence 引证，举证 □ adducible  adj.   [Latin adducere adduct- (as AD-, ducere ‘lead’)]

adduct /əˈdʌkt/ v. tr.  draw towards a middle line, esp. draw (a limb) towards the midline of the body 使(尤指肢体)内收 □ adduction  n.  □ adductor  n.  

-ade1 /eid/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  an action done (blockade 封锁 ; tirade 长篇大论) 表示做出的行动 2  the body concerned in an action or process (cavalcade 马队) 表示行进中的整体 3  the product or result of a material or action (arcade 拱廊 ; lemonade 柠檬汁 ; masquerade 化妆舞会) 表示材料或动作的结果 [from or influenced by French -ade, via Provençal, Spanish, or Portuguese -ada or Italian -ata from Latin -ata, fem. sing. past part. of verbs ending in -are]

-ade2 /eid/ suffix  forming nouns (decade 十年) (cf. 参见 -AD1) 构成名词 [French -ade from Greek -as -ada]

-ade3 /eid/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  = -ADE1 brocade  织锦  2  a person concerned (renegade 变节者) 有关的人 [Spanish or Portuguese -ado, masc. form of -ada: see -ADE1]

Aden /ˈeidən/ n.  亚丁 [也门港市]

adenine /ˈædini:n/ n.  a purine derivative found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA or RNA. (存于动物内脏等组织中的)盐基 [German Adenin from Greek adēn ‘gland’: see -INE4]

adenoids /ˈædinɔidz/ n. pl. Med.  a mass of enlarged lymphatic tissue between the back of the nose and the throat, often hindering speaking and breathing in the young 【医】腺体肿大；扁桃腺肥大 □ adenoidal  /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek adēn ‘gland’ + -OID]

adenoma /ædiˈnəʊmə/ n. (pl. adenomas or adenomata /-mətə/)  a glandlike benign tumour 良性肿瘤，腺瘤 [modern Latin from Greek adēn ‘gland’ + -OMA]

adenosine /əˈdenəʊsi:n/ n.  a nucleoside of adenine and ribose present in all living tissue in combined form 腺苷 [ADENINE + RIBOSE]

adenosine triphosphate n.  a nucleotide important in living cells, whose breakdown to the diphosphate provides energy for physiological processes (abbr. 缩略 : ATP) 三磷酸腺苷

adept adj. & n. ●adj. /ˈædept, əˈdept/ (foll. by 后跟 at, in)  thoroughly proficient 熟练的；内行的 ●n. /ˈædept/  a skilled performer; an expert 内行；专家 □ adeptly  adv.  □ adeptness  n.   [Latin adeptus, past part. of adipisci ‘attain’]

adequate /ˈædikwət/ adj.  1  sufficient, satisfactory (often with the implication of being barely so) 足够的；能满足的(通常指刚好够的) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  proportionate 适当的 3  barely sufficient 勉强够的；差强人意的 □ adequacy  n.  □ adequately  adv.   [Latin adaequatus, past part. of adaequare ‘make equal’ (as AD-, aequus ‘equal’)]

ad fin. /æd ˈfin/ abbr.  at or near the end [缩略]结尾处；接近结尾处 [Latin ad finem]

adhere /ədˈhiə/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) (of a substance) stick fast to a surface, another substance, etc. (物质)粘附，附着(另一物质) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  behave according to; follow in detail 遵循；坚持  adhered to our plan  坚持我们的计划 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  give support or allegiance to 支持，拥护，忠于 [French adhérer or Latin adhaerēre (as AD-, haerēre haes- ‘stick’)]

adherent /ədˈhiər(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a supporter of a party, person, etc. (党派、个人等的)追随者；支持者 2  a devotee of an activity (某活动的)热心者，献身者 ●adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  faithfully observing a rule etc. 忠于，遵守 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a substance) sticking fast (物质)黏着的，粘紧的 □ adherence  n.   [French adhérent (as ADHERE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ADHESION. 见 ADHESION 的用法注释。 

adhesion /ədˈhi:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of adhering 黏着，附着 2  the capacity of a substance to stick fast (物质的)黏着性；附着性 3 Med.  an abnormal union of surfaces due to inflammation or injury 【医】粘连(物) 4  the maintenance of contact between the wheels of a vehicle and the road (汽车轮胎与地面的)附着力，黏附力 5  the giving of support or allegiance 支持；忠于 [French adhésion or Latin adhaesio (as ADHERE)]■Usage 用法说明 Adhesion is more common in physical senses (e.g. The glue has good adhesion), with adherence used in abstract senses (e.g. adherence to principles). adhesion 常用于指物理性能，如 The glue has good adhesion (这种胶的黏性好), adherence 常用于抽象意义，如 adherence to principles (坚持原则)。 

adhesive /ədˈhi:siv, -ziv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  sticky, enabling surfaces or substances to adhere to one another 黏着的，有黏性的 ●n.  an adhesive substance, esp. one used to stick other substances together 粘的东西；黏合剂，胶 □ adhesively  adv.  □ adhesiveness  n.   [French adhésif -ive (as ADHERE)]

adhibit /ədˈhibit/ v. tr. (adhibited, adhibiting)  1  affix 粘，贴，加上，附上 2  apply or administer (a remedy) 涂或用(药) □ adhibition  /ædhiˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin adhibēre adhibit- (as AD-, habēre ‘have’)]

ad hoc /æd ˈhɒk/ adv. & adj.  for a particular (usu. exclusive) purpose 为某一特定(通常为专有的)目的(的)；特别地(的)，专门地(的)  an ad hoc appointment  一项特别任命 [Latin, = to this]

ad hominem /æd ˈhɒminem/ adv. & adj.  1  relating to or associated with a particular person 针对某个个人的 2 (of an argument) appealing to the emotions and not to reason (论点等)诉诸情感而非理性的 [Latin, = to the person]

adiabatic /ˌeidaiəˈbætik, ˌædiə-/ adj. & n. Physics 【物理学】  ●adj.  1  impassable to heat 隔热的；绝热的 2  occurring without heat entering or leaving the system 无热能参与的 ●n.  a curve or formula for adiabatic phenomena 隔热性能曲线(或公式) □ adiabatically  adv.   [Greek adiabatos ‘impassable’ (as A-1, diabainō ‘pass’)]

adieu /əˈdju:/ int. & n. ●int.  goodbye 再见，再会 ●n. (pl. adieus or adieux /əˈdju:z/)  a goodbye 告别 [Middle English from Old French, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + Dieu ‘God’]

ad infinitum /æd infiˈnaitəm/ adv.  without limit; for ever 无限；永远 [Latin, = to infinity]

ad interim /æd ˈintərim/ adv. & adj.  for the meantime 暂时地(的)，临时地(的) [Latin]

adios /ædiˈɒs/ int.  goodbye 再见 [Spanish adiós, from a ‘to’ + Dios ‘God’]

adipocere /ædipə(ʊ)ˈsiə/ n.  a greyish fatty or soapy substance generated in dead bodies subjected to moisture 尸蜡(死尸由于受潮而产生的软蜡状物质) [French adipocire, from Latin adeps adipis ‘fat’ + French cire ‘wax’ from Latin cera]

adipose /ˈædipəʊs, -z/ adj.  of or characterized by fat, esp. as stored in the body tissues; fatty 动物脂肪的；脂肪多的；肥胖的 □ adiposity  /-ˈpɒsiti/ n.   [modern Latin adiposus from adeps adipis ‘fat’]

adit /ˈædit/ n.  1  a horizontal entrance or passage in a mine (矿井的)入口；平峒，横坑道 2  a means of approach 方法，入门 [Latin aditus (as AD-, itus from ire it- ‘go’)]

Adivasi /ɑ:diˈvɑ:si/ n. (pl. Adivasis)  a member of the aboriginal tribal peoples of India 印度原始部落成员 [Hindi ɑˉdivɑˉsī ‘original inhabitant’]

Adj. /ædʒ/ abbr. [缩略] (preceding a name 置于名字前)  Adjutant 

adjacent /əˈdʒeis(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  lying near or adjoining 邻近的，毗连的 □ adjacency  n.   [Middle English from Latin adjacēre (as AD-, jacēre ‘lie’)]

adjective /ˈædʒiktiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify it or describe it 形容词 ●adj.  additional; not standing by itself; dependent 另外的，附加的；依附的 □ adjectival  /ædʒikˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ adjectivally  /ædʒikˈtaiv(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French adjectif -ive, ultimately from Latin adjicere adject- ‘throw to, add, attribute’ in the phrase nomen adjectivus ‘attributive noun’ (as AD-, jacere ‘throw’)]

adjoin /əˈdʒɔin/ v. tr.  1  be next to and joined with 贴近，毗连，临近 2 archaic [古义]  = ADD 1  [Middle English via Old French ajoindre, ajoign- from Latin adjungere adjunct- (as AD-, jungere ‘join’)]

adjourn /əˈdʒɜ:n/ v.  1 tr.  a  put off; postpone 延期，推迟b  break off (a meeting, discussion, etc.) with the intention of resuming later (会议、讨论等)延期；暂停 2 intr.  of persons at a meeting 指开会的人 :a  break off proceedings and disperse 暂时散会，暂时休会b (foll. by 后跟 to)  transfer the meeting to another place 改到另一处继续开会；转移会场 [Middle English from Old French ajorner (as AD-, jorn ‘day’, ultimately from Latin diurnus DIURNAL): cf. JOURNAL, JOURNEY]

adjournment /əˈdʒɜ:nm(ə)nt/ n.  adjourning or being adjourned 休会；延期

adjournment debate n. Brit.  a debate in the House of Commons on the motion that the House be adjourned, used as an opportunity for raising various matters [英] (下议院对某一动议的)推迟辩论

adjudge /əˈdʒʌdʒ/ v. tr.  1  adjudicate (a matter) 判决，裁决(某件事情) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  pronounce judicially 宣布，宣判 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  award judicially 司法判决 4 archaic  condemn [古义]判责，处罚 □ adjudgement  n. (also 亦作 adjudgment)   [Middle English via Old French ajuger from Latin adjudicare: see ADJUDICATE]

adjudicate /əˈdʒu:dikeit/ v.  1 intr.  act as judge in a competition, court, tribunal, etc. (在比赛、法庭等上)评判；裁判；审判 2 tr.  a  decide judicially regarding (a claim etc.) 司法判决，裁决(一项要求等)b (foll. by 后跟 to be + compl.)  pronounce 宣布，宣告  was adjudicated to be bankrupt  宣告破产 □ adjudication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adjudicative  adj.  □ adjudicator  n.   [Latin adjudicare (as AD-, judicare from judex -icis ‘judge’)]

adjunct /ˈædʒʌŋ(k)t/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to, of)  a subordinate or incidental thing 附属物，附件 2  an assistant; a subordinate person, esp. one with temporary appointment only (尤指临时任命的)助理；随从 3 Gram.  a word or phrase used to amplify or modify the meaning of another word or words in a sentence 【语法】修饰语，修饰成分 □ adjunctive  /əˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj.   [Latin adjunctus: see ADJOIN]

adjure /əˈdʒʊə/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  charge or request (a person) solemnly or earnestly, esp. under oath (尤指通过发誓)要求，恳求(某人) □ adjuration  /ædʒʊəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adjuratory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin adjurare (as AD-, jurare ‘swear’) in Late Latin sense ‘put a person to an oath’]

adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ v.  1 tr.  a  arrange; put in the correct order or position 安排；调整，调节b  regulate, esp. by a small amount 校正，校准 , 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make suitable (使)适合；适应 3 tr.  harmonize (discrepancies) 使和谐；协调(差异等) 4 tr.  assess (loss or damages) 评估，估定(损失或损坏情况) 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make oneself suited to; become familiar with 使(自己)适应；(使)熟悉  adjust to one's surroundings  适应周围的环境 □ adjustable  adj.  □ adjustability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ adjuster  n.  □ adjustment  n.   [French adjuster from Old French ajoster, ultimately from Latin juxta ‘near’]

adjutant /ˈædʒʊt(ə)nt/ n.  1  a Mil.  an officer who assists superior officers by communicating orders, conducting correspondence, etc. 【军】副手；副官b  an assistant 助手 2 (in full 全称 adjutant bird)  a large black and white S. Asian stork of the genus Leptoptilos (产于南亚的)秃鹳 □ adjutancy  n.   [Latin adjutare, frequentative of adjuvare: see ADJUVANT]

Adjutant General n. (pl. Adjutant Generals)  a high-ranking army administrative officer 陆军副官；署长

adjuvant /ˈædʒʊv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  helpful, auxiliary 有帮助的，辅助的 2 Med. (of therapy) applied after initial treatment for cancer, esp. to suppress secondary tumour formation 【医】(癌症初步治疗后的)辅助治疗(尤指用于抑制肿瘤的再次形成) ●n.  1  an adjuvant person or thing 辅助；助手 2 Med.  a substance which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen 【医】辅药，佐药(一种提高身体对抗原免疫力的物质) [French adjuvant or Latin adjuvare (as AD-, juvare jut- ‘help’)]

Adlerian /ædˈliəriən/ adj.  of or relating to A. Adler, Austrian psychologist d. 1937, or his system of psychology 阿德勒(奥地利心理学家，死于 1937 年)的；阿德勒心理学的

ad lib /æd ˈlib/ v., adj., adv. & n. ●v. intr. (ad libbed, ad libbing)  speak or perform without formal preparation; improvise 即兴讲话；即兴表演 ●adj.  improvised 即兴的 ●adv.  as one pleases; to any desired extent 乘兴；随意；尽兴 ●n.  something spoken or played extempore 即兴的讲话；即兴的表演 [abbreviation of AD LIBITUM]

ad libitum /æd ˈlibitəm/ adv.  = AD LIBadv.  [Latin, = according to pleasure]

ad litem /æd ˈlaitem/ adj. (of a guardian etc.) appointed for a lawsuit 为诉讼指定的(指监护人等) [Latin]

Adm. abbr. [缩略] (preceding a name 置于名字前)  Admiral 

adman /ˈædmæn/ n. (pl. admen) colloq.  a person who produces advertisements commercially [口]广告商，广告制作人

admass /ˈædmæs/ n. esp. Brit.  the section of the community that is regarded as readily influenced by advertising and mass communication [尤英]易受大众传媒影响的人群

admeasure /ədˈmeʒə/ v. tr. archaic  apportion; assign in due shares [古义]分配；配给 □ admeasurement  n.   [Middle English via Old French amesurer from medieval Latin admensurare (as AD-, MEASURE)]

admin /ˈædmin/ n. Brit. colloq.  administration [英口]经营，管理 [abbreviation]

adminicle /ədˈminik(ə)l/ n.  1  a thing that helps 辅助物；补充 2 (in Scottish law) collateral evidence of the contents of a missing document (苏格兰法律) (一个失踪文件内容的)旁证，补充证据 □ adminicular  /ædmiˈnikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin adminiculum ‘prop’]

administer /ədˈministə/ v.  1 tr.  attend to the running of (business affairs etc.); manage 管理(商务等)；经营 2 tr.  a  be responsible for the implementation of (the law, justice, punishment, etc.) 负责(法律、公正原则、惩处等的实施)b Eccl.  give out, or perform the rites of (a sacrament) 【教会】施行，举行(宗教仪式、盛典等)c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  direct the taking of (an oath) 主持(宣誓) 3 tr.  a  provide, apply (a remedy) 提供；服用(药物)b  give, deliver (a rebuke) 给予，予以(指责) 4 intr.  act as administrator 管理，经营 □ administrable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French aministrer from Latin administrare (as AD-, MINISTER)]

administrate /ədˈministreit/ v. tr. & intr.  administer (esp. business affairs); act as an administrator 管理(尤指商务)；支配，掌管 [Latin administrare (as ADMINISTER)]

administration /ədminiˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  management of a business, institution, etc. 经营，管理b (prec. by 前接 the) N. Amer.  the people responsible for this, regarded collectively [北美]管理人员；管理机构 2  the management of public affairs; government 行政管理；政府工作 3  the government in power; the ministry 执政政府；政府部门 4 N. Amer.  the term of office of a political leader or government [北美] (政治领袖或政府的)任期 5 (作 Administration) (in the US) a government agency (美国)政府代理机构，管理局  the Food and Drug Administration  食品药品管理局 6 Law  the management of another person's estate 【法律】管理(他人的不动产) 7 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the administering of justice, an oath, etc. 负责(司法审判、宣誓等)b  application of remedies (药物的)应用 [Middle English, from Old French administration or Latin administratio (as ADMINISTRATE)]

administrative /ədˈministrətiv/ adj.  concerning or relating to the management of affairs 管理的；行政的 □ administratively  adv.   [French administratif -ive or Latin administrativus (as ADMINISTRATION)]

administrator /ədˈministreitə/ n.  1  a person who administers a business or public affairs 管理人员；行政人员 2  a person capable of organizing 组织者  is no administrator  不善组织 3 Law  a person appointed to manage the estate of a person who has died intestate 【法律】(被指定管理未立遗嘱死者的)不动产管理人 4  a person who performs official duties in some sphere, e.g. in religion or justice 教会管区的牧师；司法管区的管理人 □ administratorship  n.  □ administratrix  n.   [Latin (as ADMINISTER)]

admirable /ˈædm(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  deserving admiration 可钦佩的，令人佩服的 2  excellent 优秀的，极好的 □ admirably  adv.   [French, from Latin admirabilis (as ADMIRE)]

admiral /ˈædm(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the commander-in-chief of a country's navy (一国的)海军总司令b  a naval officer of high rank; the commander of a fleet or naval squadron 海军将军；舰队司令c (作 Admiral)  an admiral of the second grade 海军上将 2  a boldly patterned nymphalid butterfly (翅膀花纹明显的)花蝶，彩蝶  red admiral  红色花蝶 white admiral  白色花蝶 □ admiralship  n.   [Middle English via Old French a(d)mira(i)l etc. and medieval Latin a(d)miralis etc., from Arabic 'amīr ‘commander’ (cf. AMIR), associated with ADMIRABLE]

Admiral of the Fleet n.  an admiral of the first grade 舰队司令

Admiralty /ˈædm(ə)r(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (hist. except in titles) (in the UK) the department administering the Royal Navy ([史义]除作为军衔外) (英国)皇家海军司令部，海军部 2 (作 admiralty) Law  the maritime branch of the administration of justice 【法律】海事法 [Middle English from Old French admiral(i)té (as ADMIRAL)]

Admiralty Board n. Brit. hist.  a committee of the Ministry of Defence superintending the Royal Navy [英史义]国防部管理皇家海军委员会

admiration /ædməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  pleased contemplation 钦佩，羡慕 2  respect; warm approval 尊重；赞美；仰慕 3  an object of this 令人仰慕的对象  was the admiration of the whole town  是全城人仰慕的对象 [French admiration or Latin admiratio (as ADMIRE)]

admire /ədˈmaiə/ v. tr.  1  regard with approval, respect, or satisfaction 赞赏；钦佩；满意 2  express one's admiration of 表示赞赏；表示钦佩 [French admirer or Latin admirari (as AD-, mirari ‘wonder at’)]

admirer /ədˈmaiərə/ n.  1  a woman's suitor 求爱者，求婚者 2  a person who admires, esp. a devotee of an able or famous person 仰慕者，追随者，慕名者

admiring /ədˈmaiəriŋ/ adj.  showing or feeling admiration 赞赏的；钦佩的  an admiring follower  慕名追随者 admiring glances  羡慕的目光 □ admiringly  adv.  

admissible /ədˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an idea or plan) worth accepting or considering (主意、计划等)可接受的，可采纳的；值得考虑的 2 Law  allowable as evidence 【法律】可作为证据的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  capable of being admitted 可容许的，可接纳的；可承认的 □ admissibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French admissible or medieval Latin admissibilis (as ADMIT)]

admission /ədˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an acknowledgement 承认，确认  admission of error  承认过错 admission that he was wrong  承认他错了 2  a  the process or right of entering or being admitted 准入，接纳b  a charge for this 准入费，入场券  admission is £ 5  门票 5 英镑 3  a person admitted to a hospital 准许进入医院的人 [Middle English from Latin admissio (as ADMIT)]

admit /ədˈmit/ v. (admitted, admitting)  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to be, or that + clause)  acknowledge; recognize as true 承认；确认b  accept as valid or true 接受；相信 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  acknowledge responsibility for (a deed, fault, etc.) (对行为、失误等)承认负有责任 3 tr.  a  allow (a person) entrance or access 允许(某人)进入，允许通行b  allow (a person) to be a member of (a class, group, etc.) or to share in (a privilege etc.) 准入，接纳(加入组织，享受特权等)c (of a hospital etc.) bring in (a person) for residential treatment (医院等)让病人住院治疗 4 tr. (of an enclosed space) have room for; accommodate (在封闭区域内)有空位；可接纳 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  allow as possible 同意；认可 [Middle English from Latin admittere admiss- (as AD-, mittere ‘send’)]

admittance /ədˈmit(ə)ns/ n.  1  the right or process of admitting or being admitted, usu. to a place 允许进入，准入  no admittance except on business  闲人免进 2 Electr.  a measure of electrical conduction, the reciprocal of impedance 【电】导纳

admittedly /ədˈmitidli/ adv.  as an acknowledged fact 公认地，显然  admittedly there are problems  显然有问题

admix /ˈædmiks/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  mingle 混合，使混合 2 tr.  add as an ingredient 添加，加入(成分等)

admixture /ədˈmikstʃə/ n.  1  a thing added, esp. a minor ingredient (尤指次要的)添加物 2  the act of adding this 添加，混合 [Latin admixtus, past part. of admiscēre (as AD-, miscēre ‘mix’)]

admonish /ədˈmɒniʃ/ v. tr.  1  reprove 责备，非难 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  urge 敦促，催促 3  give earnest advice to 告诫，劝诫 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  warn 警告 □ admonishment  n.  □ admonition  /ædməˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ admonitory  adj.   [Middle English from Old French amonester, ultimately from Latin admonēre (as AD-, monēre monit- ‘warn’)]

ad nauseam /æd ˈnɔ:ziæm, -siæm/ adv.  to an excessive or disgusting degree 令人作呕地 [Latin, = to sickness]

adnominal /ədˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj. Gram.  attached to a noun 【语法】修饰名词的；定语的 [Latin adnomen -minis ‘added name’]

Adnyamathanha /ˈædnjəmʌdənə/ n.  an Aboriginal language of S. Australia 阿德尼玛特纳语(一种南澳大利亚土著语)

ado /əˈdu:/ n.  busy activity; fuss, trouble, difficulty 费力；忙乱；纷扰；困难 □ without more (or further) ado   immediately 马上，立即 [originally in much ado = much to do, from northern Middle English at do (= to do), from Old Norse at AT (used to mark an infinitive) + DO1]

-ado /ˈeidəʊ, ˈɑ:-/ suffix  forming nouns (desperado 亡命徒) (cf. 参见 -ADE3) 构成名词 [Spanish or Portuguese -ado from Latin -atus, past part. of verbs ending in -are]

adobe /əˈdəʊbi, əˈdəʊb/ n.  1  an unburnt sun-dried brick (晒干但未烧制的)砖坯，土坯 2  the clay used for making such bricks 做砖坯(土坯)的泥土 [Spanish from Arabic]

adolescent /ædəˈles(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  between childhood and adulthood 青春期的，青少年的 ●n.  an adolescent person 青少年，青年 □ adolescence  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin adolescere ‘grow up’]

Adonis /əˈdəʊnis/ n.  a handsome young man 阿多尼斯；美少年，英俊少年 [the name of a youth loved by Venus: Latin via Greek from Phoenician adōn ‘lord’]

Adonis blue n.  a European butterfly, Lysandra bellargus 欧洲小灰蝶(属蝴蝶科)

adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v. tr.  1  take (a person) into a relationship, esp. another's child as one's own 领养，收养，过继 2  choose to follow (a course of action etc.) 遵循，遵照(行动的路线等) 3  take over (an idea etc.) from another person 采纳，采取(别人的主意等) 4 Brit.  choose as a candidate for office [英]选作候选人 5 Brit. (of a local authority) accept responsibility for the maintenance of (a road etc.) [英] (地方政府)同意负责保养(道路等) 6  accept; formally approve (a report, accounts, etc.) 通过；正式批准(报告、账务等) □ adoption  /-pʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French adopter or Latin adoptare (as AD-, optare ‘choose’)]

adoptive /əˈdɒptiv/ attrib. adj.  as a result of adoption 收养的，领养的  adoptive son  养子 adoptive father  养父 □ adoptively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French adoptif -ive from Latin adoptivus (as ADOPT)]

adorable /əˈdɔ:rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  deserving adoration 可崇拜的，值得尊敬的 2 colloq.  delightful, charming [口]令人愉快的；可爱的；迷人的 □ adorably  adv.   [French from Latin adorabilis (as ADORE)]

adore /əˈdɔ:/ v. tr.  1  regard with honour and deep affection 崇拜，敬慕，仰慕 2  a  worship as divine 敬拜，顶礼膜拜b RC Ch.  offer reverence to (the Host etc.) 【天主教】(向圣餐等)致敬，礼拜 3 colloq.  like very much [口]特别喜爱 □ adoration  /ædəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adoring  adj.  □ adoringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French ao(u)rer from Latin adorare ‘worship’ (as AD-, orare ‘speak, pray’)]

adorer /əˈdɔ:rə/ n.  1  a worshipper 参加礼拜者，信徒 2  an ardent admirer 爱慕者，崇拜者

adorn /əˈdɔ:n/ v. tr.  1  add beauty or lustre to; be an ornament to 美化；装饰；使生色 2  furnish with ornaments; decorate 加装饰；布置 □ adornment  n.   [Middle English via Old French ao(u)rner from Latin adornare (as AD-, ornare ‘furnish, deck’)]

ADP abbr. [缩略]  1  adenosine diphosphate 三磷酸腺苷 2  automatic data processing 自动数据处理

ad personam /æd pɜ:ˈsəʊnæm/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  to the person 本人，亲自 ●adj.  personal 私人的，个人的 [Latin]

ad rem /æd ˈrem/ adv. & adj.  to the point; to the purpose 中肯，得要领 [Latin, = to the matter]

adrenal /əˈdri:n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  at or near the kidneys 肾的；靠近肾的 2  of the adrenal glands 肾上腺的 ●n. (in full 全称 adrenal gland)  either of two ductless glands above the kidneys, secreting adrenalin, corticosteroids, etc. 肾上腺 [AD- + RENAL]

adrenal cortex n. Anat.  the outer part of the adrenal glands, secreting corticosteroids etc. 【解】肾上腺皮质

adrenalin /əˈdren(ə)lin/ n. (also 亦作 adrenaline)  1  a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, affecting circulation and muscular action, and causing excitement and stimulation 肾上腺素 2  the same substance obtained from animals or by synthesis, used as a stimulant (人工合成或提取的兴奋剂)肾上腺素

adrenocorticotrophic hormone /əˌdri:nəˌkɔ:tikəˈtrɒfik/ n. (also 亦作 adrenocorticotropic hormone /-ˈtrɒpik/)  a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulating the adrenal cortex (also 亦作 adrenocorticotropic hormone) (abbr. 缩略 : ACTH) 促肾上腺皮质激素 [ADRENAL + CORTEX + -TROPHIC, -TROPIC]

adrenocorticotrophin /əˌdri:nəˌkɔ:tikəˈtrɒfin/ n. (also 亦作 adrenocorticotropin /-pin/)  = ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE  [ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC (HORMONE) + -IN]

Adrian /ˈeidriən/   阿德里安 [人名]

adrift /əˈdrift/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  drifting 漂浮着(的)，漂动着(的) 2  at the mercy of circumstances 随波逐流地(的)，漫无目的地(的) 3 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  unfastened 未系紧的；松开的b  out of touch 失去联系，失控c  absent without leave 未请假缺席的，不辞而别的d (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  failing to reach a target 未中靶的，脱靶的e  out of order 无秩序的，混乱的f  ill-informed 信息不灵通(的) [A2 + DRIFT]

adroit /əˈdrɔit/ adj.  dexterous, skilful 熟练的，灵巧的 □ adroitly  adv.  □ adroitness  n.   [French from ɑˋ droit ‘according to right, properly’]

adsorb /ədˈsɔ:b, -ˈzɔ:b/ v. tr. (usu. of a solid) hold (molecules of a gas or liquid or solute) to its surface, causing a thin film to form 吸附，附着(通常指固体表面吸附气体、液体等的分子) □ adsorbable  adj.  □ adsorbent  adj. & n.  □ adsorption  /-ˈsɔ:pʃ(ə)n, -ˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 adsorbtion)  □ adsorptive  adj.   [AD-, on the pattern of ABSORB]

adsorbate /ædˈsɔ:beit/ n.  a substance adsorbed 吸附物，附着物

adsuki var.  of ADZUKI  ADZUKI 的变体

ADT abbr.  Atlantic Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Atlantic Standard Time) [缩略]大西洋白日时间(比大西洋标准时间早一小时)

aduki var.  of ADZUKI  ADZUKI 的变体

adulate /ˈædjʊleit/ v. tr.  flatter obsequiously 谄媚，奉承 □ adulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adulator  n.  □ adulatory  adj.   [Latin adulari adulat- ‘fawn on’]

adult /ˈædʌlt, əˈdʌlt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  mature, grown-up 成熟的，成年的 2  a  of or for adults 对于成年人的，有关成年人的  adult education  成人教育b euphem.  sexually explicit; indecent [婉]色情的；下流的  adult films  成人电影 ●n.  1  an adult person 成年人，成人 2 Law  a person who has reached the age of majority 【法律】达到法定年龄的人 □ adulthood  n.  □ adultly  adv.   [Latin adultus, past part. of adolescere ‘grow up’: cf. ADOLESCENT]

adulterant /əˈdʌlt(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  used in adulterating 掺杂的；掺假的 ●n.  an adulterant substance 掺杂物

adulterate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /əˈdʌltəreit/  debase (esp. foods) by adding other or inferior substances (尤指在食物中)掺杂，掺假 ●adj. /əˈdʌlt(ə)rət/  spurious, debased, counterfeit 伪造的，低劣的 □ adulteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adulterator  n.   [Latin adulterare adulterat- ‘corrupt’]

adulterer /əˈdʌlt(ə)rə/ n. (fem. adulteress /-(ə)ris/)  a person who commits adultery 通奸者 [obsolete verb adulter via Old French avoutrer from Latin adulterare: see ADULTERATE]

adulterine /əˈdʌlt(ə)rain/ adj.  1  illegal, unlicensed 非法的；没有许可证的 2  spurious 伪造的，假造的 3  born of adultery 非婚生的 [Latin adulterinus from adulter ‘adulterous’: see ADULTERY]

adulterous /əˈdʌlt(ə)rəs/ adj.  of or involved in adultery 通奸的，不贞的 □ adulterously  adv.   [Middle English from obsolete noun adulter, from Old French avoutrer: see ADULTERER]

adultery /əˈdʌlt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person (married or not) other than his or her spouse 通奸 2  an instance of this 通奸事例 [Middle English from Old French avout(e)rie, from avoutre ‘adulterer’ from Latin adulter, assimilated to Latin adulterium]

adumbrate /ˈædʌmbreit/ v. tr.  1  indicate faintly 模糊地显示；模糊地勾画 2  represent in outline 画轮廓，描述要点 3  foreshadow, typify 成为先兆；预示 4  overshadow 遮阴，使阴暗；使失色 □ adumbration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adumbrative  /əˈdʌmbrətiv/ adj.   [Latin adumbrare (as AD-, umbrare from umbra ‘shade’)]

ad valorem /æd vəˈlɔ:rem/ adv. & adj. (of taxes) in proportion to the estimated value of the goods concerned (税收)与估价成比例的，按照价值(的) [Latin, = according to the value]

advance /ədˈvɑ:ns/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  move or put forward 前进；提出 2 intr.  make progress 进步；进展 3 tr.  a  pay (money) before it is due 提前支付，预付b  lend (money) 出借，借(钱)给 4 tr.  give active support to; promote (a person, cause, or plan) 促进，支持(人、事业、计划等) 5 tr.  put forward (a claim or suggestion) 提出(要求或建议等) 6 tr.  cause (an event) to occur at an earlier date 提前；使(活动)提前  advanced the meeting three hours  将会议提前 3 小时 7 tr.  raise (a price) 提高(价格)，提价 8 intr.  rise (in price) (价格)上涨，涨价 9 tr. (as 作 advanced adj.)  a  far on in progress 先进的，进展很多的  the work is well advanced  工作已经进行了很多b  ahead of the times 超前  advanced ideas  超前意识 ●n.  1  an act of going forward 前进，行进 2  progress 进步，进展 3  a payment made before the due time 提前支付的款项 4  a loan 贷款 5 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数 ; often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an amorous or friendly approach 求爱；友好地接近 6  a rise in price 涨价 ●attrib. adj.  done or supplied beforehand 预先完成(或提出)的  advance warning  预先警告 advance copy  预先提交的副本 □ advance on   approach threateningly 迫近，逼近□ in advance   ahead in place or time 在前；预先□ advancer  n.   [Middle English via Old French avancer and Late Latin abante ‘in front’ from Latin ab ‘away’ + ante ‘before’: the noun partly through French avance]

advanced level n. (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination of a standard higher than ordinary level and GCSE (英国，除苏格兰外)高级教育证书考试

advanced supplementary level n. (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination with a smaller syllabus than A levels (英国，除苏格兰外)高级教育证书补充考试

advance guard n.  a body of soldiers preceding the main body of an army 先头部队，先遣队

advance man n. esp. N. Amer.  a person who visits a location ahead of a dignitary etc. to make appropriate arrangements [尤北美] (事先到要人的出访地进行适当安排的)先遣人员，打前站的人

advancement /ədˈvɑ:nsm(ə)nt/ n.  the promotion of a person, cause, or plan (人员的)晋升；(事业或计划的)进展 [Middle English from French avancement, from avancer (as ADVANCE)]

advantage /ədˈvɑ:ntidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a beneficial feature; a favourable circumstance 优点；特点；有利条件 2  benefit, profit 好处，利益  is not to your advantage  这于你没有好处 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a better position; superiority in a particular respect. 优越地位；(在某方面的)优势 4 Tennis  the next point won after deuce 【网球】局末平局后先得一分 ●v. tr.  1  be beneficial or favourable to 对…有利，有好处 2  further, promote 增进，促进 □ have the advantage of   be in a better position in some respect than 处于优势地位，处于有利地位□ take advantage of   1  make good use of (a favourable circumstance) 利用(有利条件) 2  exploit or outwit (a person), esp. unfairly (尤指非正当地)捞好处，占(某人的)便宜 3 euphem.  seduce [婉]勾引，诱奸□ to advantage   in a way which exhibits the merits 显出优点，使优点突出  was seen to advantage  以优点示人□ turn to advantage   benefit from 从…得到好处；获益□ advantageous  /ædv(ə)nˈteidʒəs/ adj.  □ advantageously  /ædv(ə)nˈteidʒəsli/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French avantage, avantager, from avant ‘in front’ from Late Latin abante: see ADVANCE]

advection /ədˈvekʃ(ə)n/ n. Meteorol.  transfer of heat by the horizontal flow of air 【气】水平对流，移流 □ advective  adj.   [Latin advectio from advehere (as AD-, vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

Advent /ˈædv(ə)nt, -vent/ n.  1  the season before Christmas, including the four preceding Sundays 降临节(圣诞节前包括 4 个星期日的期间) 2  the coming or second coming of Christ (耶稣基督的)降临；再临 3 (作 advent)  the arrival of esp. an important person or thing (尤指重要的人或物)到来，出现 [Old English via Old French advent, auvent from Latin adventus ‘arrival’, from advenire (as AD-, venire vent- ‘come’)]

Advent calendar n.  a calendar for Advent, usu. made of card with flaps to open each day to reveal a picture, scene, or small gift 降临节日历(通常由可撕开的小卡做成，每天打开一个，内有图片或小礼物)

Adventist /ˈædv(ə)ntist/ n.  a member of a Christian sect that believes in the imminent second coming of Christ 基督降临派成员(相信耶稣基督即将再度降临的基督教派人士) □ Adventism  n.  

adventitious /ædv(ə)nˈtiʃəs/ adj.  1  accidental, casual 偶然的 2  added from outside 外来的；附加的 3 Biol.  formed accidentally or in an unusual anatomical position 【生】偶发的(或在一种不寻常的解剖位置上形成的) 4 Law (of property) coming from a stranger or by collateral succession rather than directly 【法律】(指财产从陌生人或通过旁系亲属继承而)偶然获得的，非直接继承的 □ adventitiously  adv.   [Latin adventicius (as ADVENT)]

Advent Sunday n.  the first Sunday in Advent 降临节的第一个星期日

adventure /ədˈventʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unusual and exciting experience 不平凡而富于刺激性的经历 2  a daring enterprise; a hazardous activity 大胆的事业；冒险的活动 3  enterprise 事业；进取  the spirit of adventure  进取的精神 4  a commercial speculation (商业上的)投机 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 into, upon)  dare to go or come 大胆进行；敢于 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  dare to undertake 敢于承担 3  incur risk; engage in adventure 招致危险；历险 □ adventuresome  adj.   [Middle English via Old French aventure (n.), aventurer (v.) from Latin adventurus ‘about to happen’ (as ADVENT)]

adventure playground n. Brit.  a playground where children are provided with functional materials for climbing on, building with, etc. [英] (儿童的)历险娱乐场(常有攀登架、大型积木等)

adventurer /ədˈventʃ(ə)rə/ n. (fem. adventuress /-(ə)ris/)  1  a person who seeks adventure, esp. for personal gain or enjoyment 冒险家(尤指为个人获利或娱乐) 2  a financial speculator 经济投机者，投机商 [French aventurier (as ADVENTURE)]

adventurism /ədˈventʃəriz(ə)m/ n.  a tendency to take risks, esp. in foreign policy (尤指外交政策上的)冒险主义 □ adventurist  n.  

adventurous /ədˈventʃ(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  rash, venturesome; enterprising 鲁莽的，大胆的；进取的 2  characterized by adventures 带有冒险性的 □ adventurously  adv.  □ adventurousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French aventuros (as ADVENTURE)]

adverb /ˈædvɜ:b/ n.  a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies another word (esp. an adjective, verb, or other adverb) or a word-group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g. 例如 gently 轻轻地 , quite 相当地 , then 那时 , there 在那里) 副词 □ adverbial  /ədˈvɜ:biəl/ adj.   [French adverbe or Latin adverbium (as AD-, VERB)]

adversarial /ædvəˈsɛəriəl/ adj.  1  involving conflict or opposition 引起冲突或对立的 2  opposed, hostile 反对的；敌对的 [ADVERSARY + -IAL]

adversary /ˈædvəs(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an enemy 敌人 2  an opponent in a sport or game; an antagonist (体育或游戏中的)对手；敌手 [Middle English via Old French adversarie from Latin adversarius, from adversus: see ADVERSE]

adversative /ədˈvɜ:sətiv/ adj. (of words etc.) expressing opposition or antithesis (词等)反意的，对比的 [French adversatif -ive or Late Latin adversativus, from adversari ‘oppose’ from adversus: see ADVERSE]

adverse /ˈædvɜ:s/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  contrary, hostile 相反的；不利的；敌对的 2  hurtful, injurious 有害的；致伤的 □ adversely  adv.  □ adverseness  n.   [Middle English via Old French advers from Latin adversus, past part. of advertere (as AD-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

adversity /ədˈvɜ:siti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition of adverse fortune 厄运，逆境 2  a misfortune 不幸，灾祸 [Middle English via Old French adversité from Latin adversitas -tatis (as ADVERSE)]

advert1 /ˈædvɜ:t/ n. Brit. colloq.  an advertisement [英口]广告 [abbreviation]

advert2 /ədˈvɜ:t/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) literary  refer in speaking or writing [文学用语]言及，论及 [Middle English via Old French a(d)vertir from Latin advertere: see ADVERSE]

advertise /ˈædvətaiz/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  draw attention to or describe favourably (goods, services, or vacant positions) in a public medium in order to sell, promote sales, or seek exployees (为商业促销而)作广告，登广告 2 tr.  make generally or publicly known 宣传，宣扬 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek by public notice, esp. in a newspaper (尤指在报纸上)登广告(寻找) 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  notify 通知，告知 □ advertiser  n.   [Middle English from Old French a(d)vertir (stem advertiss-): see ADVERT2]

advertisement /ədˈvɜ:tizm(ə)nt, -tis-/ n.  1  a  a public notice or announcement, esp. one advertising goods or services in newspapers, on posters, or in broadcasts 广告b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) colloq.  a person or thing regarded as a means of conveying the merits or demerits of something [口]对某事的优点或缺点起宣传作用的人(或物)，活广告  he's a good advertisement for a healthy lifestyle  他真是健康生活方式的活广告 2  the act or process of advertising 广告节目行为或过程 3 archaic  a notice to readers in a book etc. [古义] (书上等的)告读者 [earlier avert- from French avertissement (as ADVERTISE)]

advertorial /ædvɜ:ˈtɔ:riəl/ n.  an advertisement in the style of editorial comment 评论式广告，论述性广告 [blend of ADVERTISEMENT and EDITORIAL]

advice /ədˈvais/ n.  1  words given or offered as an opinion or recommendation about future action or behaviour 建议，指教 2  information given; news 信息；新闻 3  formal notice of a transaction (交易的)正式通知 4 (in pl. 用复数)  communications from a distance (远地来的)消息 □ take advice   1  obtain advice, esp. from an expert 听取(尤指专家的)建议 2  act according to advice given 按照建议行事，听从建议 [Middle English, in the sense ‘point of view, opinion (given)’, via Old French avis from Latin ad ‘to’ + visum, past part. of vidēre ‘see’]

advisable /ədˈvaizəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a course of action etc.) to be recommended; expedient (行动方针)可取的，明智的，适当的 □ advisability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ advisably  adv.  

advise /ədˈvaiz/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  give advice to 向…提出忠告，提建议 2 tr.  recommend; offer as advice 劝告；建议  they advise caution  他们建议谨慎一些 advised me to rest  建议我休息 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  inform, notify 告知，通知 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) US  consult [美]协商；咨询 [Middle English, in the sense ‘look at, consider’, via Old French aviser from Latin (as AD- + visare, frequentative of vidēre ‘see’)]

advised /ədˈvaizd/ adj.  1  judicious, prudent 明智的，审慎的 2  deliberate, considered 经过考虑的，深思熟虑的 □ advisedly  /-zidli/ adv.  

adviser /ədˈvaizə/ n. (also disp. [亦异议] advisor)  a person who advises, esp. one appointed to do so and regularly consulted 顾问；咨询者(尤指指定的和经常性的)■Usage 用法说明 The variant form advisor is fairly common, but is considered incorrect by some people. Its spelling is probably influenced by the adjective advisory. 变体形式 advisor 可能是受形容词 advisory 的影响而出现的，十分常见，但有人认为不规范。 

advisory /ədˈvaiz(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  giving advice; constituted to give advice 顾问的，咨询的  an advisory body  顾问班子 2  consisting in giving advice 关于建议的，提出建议的 ●n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer.  an advisory statement, esp. a warning about bad weather or potential danger [北美] (尤指关于恶劣天气或潜在危险的)告诫，警告

advocaat /ˈædvəkɑ:, -kɑ:t/ n.  a liqueur of eggs, sugar, and brandy 荷兰蛋酒(一种鸡蛋、糖和白兰地的混合饮料) [Dutch, = ADVOCATE (being originally an advocate's drink)]

advocacy /ˈædvəkəsi/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  verbal support or argument for a cause, policy, etc. 拥护，鼓吹，倡导，主张 2  the function of an advocate 鼓吹(作用)，辩护(作用) [Middle English via Old French a(d)vocacie from medieval Latin advocatia (as ADVOCATE)]

advocate n. & v. ●n. /ˈædvəkət/  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person who supports or speaks in favour 鼓吹者，主张者 2  a person who pleads for another 拥护者，鼓吹者 3  a  a professional pleader in a court of justice (法庭上的)辩护人，律师b Sc.  a barrister [苏格兰]法庭律师，出庭律师 ●v. tr. /ˈædvəkeit/  1  recommend or support by argument (a cause, policy, etc.) 倡导，主张(某项事业、政策等) 2  plead for, defend 辩护，抗辩 □ advocateship  n.   [Middle English via Old French avocat from Latin advocatus, past part. of advocare (as AD-, vocare ‘call’)]

advowson /ədˈvaʊz(ə)n/ n. Brit. (in ecclesiastical law) the right of recommending a member of the Anglican clergy for a vacant benefice, or of making the appointment [英] (教会法律中)圣职推荐权；圣职任命权 [Middle English via Anglo-French a(d)voweson and Old French avoeson from Latin advocatio -onis (as ADVOCATE)]

advt. abbr. [缩略]  advertisement 

adytum /ˈæditəm/ n. (pl. adyta /-tə/)  the innermost part of an ancient temple (古庙的)中心部位；内殿，密室 [Latin from Greek aduton, neut. of adutos ‘impenetrable’ (as A-1, duō ‘enter’)]

adze /ædz/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] adz) ●n.  a tool like an axe with an arched blade at right angles to the handle, used for cutting away the surface of wood 扁斧；锛子 ●v. tr.  dress or cut with an adze 用扁斧(或锛子)削 [Old English adesa]

adzuki /ədˈzu:ki/ n. (in full 全称 adzuki bean) (also 亦作 adsuki, aduki /əˈdu:ki/, azuki /əˈzu:ki/)  1  an annual leguminous plant, Vigna angularis, native to China and Japan (原产于中国和日本的)小豆株，赤豆株 2  the small round dark red edible bean of this plant 小豆，赤豆 [Japanese azuki]

-ae /i:/ suffix  forming plural nouns, used in names of animal and plant families, tribes, etc.  Felidae  猫科 Rosaceae  蔷薇科 and instead of -as in the plural of many non-naturalized or unfamiliar nouns in -a derived from Latin or Greek  larvae  幼虫 actiniae  海葵 构成动物及植物科、族名称的复数形式；或代替 -as 构成以 -a 结尾的拉丁或希腊非中性或罕用名词的复数形式 [pl. -ae of Latin nouns ending in -a or pl. ending -ai of some Greek nouns]

aedile /ˈi:dail/ n. Rom. Hist.  either of a pair of Roman magistrates who administered public works, maintenance of roads, public games, the corn-supply, etc. [罗马]【史】(古罗马主管公共工程、道路维护、娱乐游戏、谷物供应等的)市政官 □ aedileship  n.   [Latin aedilis ‘concerned with buildings’ from aedes ‘building’]

AEEU abbr.  Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union [缩略]工程及电气联合会

aegis /ˈi:dʒis/ n.  a protection; an impregnable defence 保护；(攻不破的)防卫 □ under the aegis of   under the auspices of 在…的庇护下；由…赞助 [Latin from Greek aigis, the mythical shield of Zeus or Athene]

aegrotat /aiˈɡrə(ʊ)tæt, ˈi:-, i:ˈɡrə(ʊ)-/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a certificate that a university student is too ill to attend an examination (大学里给因病不能参加考试的学生的)疾病诊断书 2  an examination pass awarded in such circumstances (根据疾病诊断书授与学生的)考试合格证书 [Latin, = is sick from aeger ‘sick’]

-aemia /ˈi:miə/ comb. form (also 亦作 -haemia /ˈhi:miə/, US [美] -emia, -hemia /ˈhi:miə/)  forming nouns denoting that a substance is (esp. excessively) present in the blood (bacteriaemia 细菌血症 ; pyaemia 脓血症) [构词成分]表示血液中(尤指超量)含有某种物质 [modern Latin, from Greek -aimia from haima ‘blood’]

aeolian /i:ˈəʊliən/ adj. (US [美] eolian)  wind-borne 风成的 [Latin Aeolius from Aeolus, the name of the god of the winds, from Greek Aiolos]

aeolian harp n.  a stringed instrument or toy that produces musical sounds when the wind passes through it 风弦琴(一种弦乐器或玩具，当有风穿过时会发出乐声)

Aeolian mode /i:ˈəʊliən/ n. Mus.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale A － A 【音】 A 至 A 全音阶调式，伊奥利安调式 [Latin Aeolius ‘from Aeolis’ (in Asia Minor), from Greek Aiolis]

aeon /ˈi:ən/ n. (also 亦作 eon)  1  a very long or indefinite period 长期，极长的时间；万古 2  an age of the universe 宇宙年代 3 Astron.  a thousand million years 【天】 10 亿年 4  an eternity 永恒，永远 5 Philos. (in Neoplatonism, Platonism, and Gnosticism) a power existing from eternity; an emanation or phase of the supreme deity 【哲】(新柏拉图主义、柏拉图哲学、诺斯替教中)来自永恒的力量；神授的思想或灵感 [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek aiōn ‘age’]

aerate /ˈɛəreit/ v. tr.  1  charge (a liquid) with a gas, esp. carbon dioxide, e.g. to produce effervescence 往(液体中)充气(尤指充入二氧化碳，例如使冒泡) 2  expose to the mechanical or chemical action of the air 使暴露于空气(的机械或化学作用)中，使通气 □ aeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ aerator  n.   [Latin aer AIR + -ATE3, influenced by French aérer]

aerenchyma /ɛəˈreŋkimə/ n. Bot.  a soft plant tissue containing air spaces, found esp. in many aquatic plants 【植】(尤指许多水生植物的)通气组织 [Greek aēr ‘air’ + egkhuma ‘infusion’]

aerial /ˈɛəriəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  a metal rod, wire, or other structure by which signals are transmitted or received as part of a radio or television transmission or receiving system (无线电或电视机的)天线 ●adj.  1  by or from or involving aircraft (与飞机有关的)航空的；空中的  aerial navigation  空中导航 aerial photography  空中摄影 2  a  existing, moving, or happening in the air 空气中的；在空中的b  of or in the atmosphere; atmospheric 大气中的，大气层的 3  a  thin as air; ethereal 空气般稀薄的；缥缈的b  immaterial, imaginary 非实体的；想像的c  of air; gaseous 空气的；气体的，气态的 □ aeriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ aerially  adv.   [Latin aerius from Greek aerios, from aēr ‘air’]

aerialist /ˈɛəriəlist/ n.  a high-wire or trapeze artist 高空杂技师

aerial torpedo  see 见 TORPEDO n. 1b 

aerie var.  of EYRIE  EYRIE 的变体

aero- /ˈɛərəʊ/ comb. form [构词形式]  1  air 空气 2  aircraft 航空器 [Greek aero- from aēr ‘air’]

aerobatics /ɛərəˈbætiks/ n. pl.  feats of expert and usu. spectacular flying and manoeuvring of aircraft (通常指飞机)特技，特技飞行 [AERO- + ACROBATICS]

aerobe /ˈɛərəʊb/ n.  a micro-organism usu. growing in the presence of air, or needing oxygen for growth (通常生长于空气中的)好氧性微生物，需氧菌 [French aérobie (as AERO-, Greek bios ‘life’)]

aerobic /ɛəˈrəʊbik/ adj.  1  of or relating to aerobics 增氧健身法的 2 Biol.  relating to or requiring free oxygen 【生】好氧的，需氧的

aerobics /ɛəˈrəʊbiks/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  vigorous exercises designed to increase the body's oxygen intake 加身体吸氧的健身法，有氧运动

aerobiology /ˌɛərə(ʊ)baiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of airborne micro-organisms, pollen, spores, etc., esp. as agents of infection 空气生物学，高空生物学(尤指对花粉、孢子等传染媒介的研究)

aerodrome /ˈɛərədrəʊm/ n. Brit.  a small airport or airfield [英]小型机场■Usage 用法说明 Aerodrome has now been largely replaced by airfield and airport. 词语 aerodrome 现已基本被 airfield 和 airport 取代。 

aerodynamics /ˌɛərə(ʊ)daiˈnæmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it 空气动力学，气体力学 □ aerodynamic  adj.  □ aerodynamically  adv.  □ aerodynamicist  /-sist/ n.  

aero-engine /ˈɛərəʊˌendʒin/ n. Brit.  an engine used to power an aircraft [英]飞行器引擎

aerofoil /ˈɛərəfɔil/ n. Brit.  a structure with curved surfaces (e.g. a wing, fin, or tailplane) designed to give lift in flight [英] (使飞行上升的)空气动力面(如翅、鳍、水平尾翼等)

aerogramme /ˈɛərəɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 aerogram)  an air letter in the form of a single sheet that is folded and sealed (单页折封的)航空信件

aerolite /ˈɛərəlait/ n.  a stony meteorite 陨石

aerology /ɛəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the atmosphere, esp. away from ground level 高空气象学 □ aerological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

aeronautics /ɛərəˈnɔ:tiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science or practice of motion or travel in the air 航空学，航空术 □ aeronautic  adj.  □ aeronautical  adj.   [modern Latin aeronautica (as AERO-, NAUTICAL)]

aeronomy /ɛəˈrɒnəmi/ n.  the science of the upper atmosphere 高层大气物理学

aeroplane /ˈɛərəplein/ n. esp. Brit.  a powered heavier-than-air flying vehicle with fixed wings [尤英]飞机 [French aéroplane (as AERO-, PLANE1)]

aerosol /ˈɛərəsɒl/ n.  1  a  a substance packed under pressure, usu. with a propellant gas, and able to be released as a fine spray 气雾剂，气溶胶b  a container holding such a substance 气雾剂罐，气雾器 2  a system of colloidal particles dispersed in a gas (e.g. fog or smoke) 气雾，气溶胶雾；烟雾 [AERO- + SOL2]

aerospace /ˈɛərəspeis/ n.  1  the earth's atmosphere and outer space 航空航天空间(指地球大气层及其以外的空间) 2  the technology of aviation in this region 航空航天技术

aerostat /ˈɛərəstæt/ n.  an airship or balloon, esp. a tethered balloon 航空器(尤指热气球)，飞艇 [French aérostat (as AERO- + Greek statos ‘standing’)]

aerotowing /ˈɛərəʊˌtəʊiŋ/ n.  the towing of a glider etc. by a powered aircraft 空中牵引(滑翔机等)

aerotrain /ˈɛərəʊˌtrein/ n.  a train that is supported on an air cushion and guided by a track 轨道气垫火车 [French aérotrain (as AERO-, TRAIN)]

Aesculapian /i:skjʊˈleipiən/ adj.  of or relating to medicine or physicians 医药的，医学的 [Latin Aesculapius from Greek Asklēpios, the name of the god of medicine]

aesthete /ˈi:sθi:t, ˈes-/ n. (US also [美亦] esthete)  a person who has or professes to have a special appreciation of beauty 审美学家；唯美主义者 [Greek aisthētēs ‘a person who perceives’, or from AESTHETIC]

aesthetic /i:sˈθetik, es-/ adj. & n. (US also [美亦] esthetic) ●adj.  1  concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty 美学的；审美的 2  having such appreciation; sensitive to beauty 具有美感的，有品位的 3  in accordance with the principles of good taste 符合美学原理的 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the philosophy of the beautiful, esp. in art 美学 2  a set of principles of good taste and the appreciation of beauty (审)美学原理 □ aesthetically  adv.  □ aestheticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek aisthētikos from aisthanomai ‘perceive’]

aesthetician /i:sθəˈtiʃ(ə)n, es-/ n. (US also [美亦] esthetician)  1  a person versed in or devoted to aesthetics 美学家 2 N. Amer.  a beautician [北美]美容师

aestival /ˈi:stiv(ə)l, i:ˈstaiv(ə)l; ˈe-, e-/ adj. (US [美] estival) formal  belonging to or appearing in summer [正式]夏天的，夏季出现的 [Middle English via Old French estival from Latin aestivalis, from aestivus from aestus ‘heat’]

aestivate /ˈi:stiveit, ˈest-/ v. intr. (US [美] estivate)  1 Zool.  spend the summer or dry season in a state of torpor 【动】(夏天或旱季)夏眠 2 formal  pass the summer [正式]过夏天，度夏 [Latin aestivare aestivat-]

aestivation /i:stiˈveiʃ(ə)n, est-/ n. (US [美] estivation)  1 Bot.  the arrangement of petals in a flower bud before it opens (cf. 参见 VERNATION) 【植】花被卷叠式 2 Zool.  spending the summer or dry season in a state of torpor 【动】(夏天或旱季)夏眠

aet. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 aetat.) aetatis  

aetatis /aiˈtɑ:tis, i:-/ adj.  of or at the age of …岁的，在…岁时的 [Latin]

aether var.  of ETHER  2, 3 ETHER 2 和 3 的变体

aetiology /i:tiˈɒlədʒi/ n. (US [美] etiology)  1  the assignment of a cause or reason 原因的说明；追本溯源 2  the study of causation 原因论 3 Med.  the causation of diseases and disorders, esp. of a specific disease, as a subject of investigation 【医】病因学；病源论 □ aetiologic  /-əˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ aetiological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ aetiologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin aetiologia from Greek aitiologia, from aitia ‘cause’]

AEU abbr. hist. (in the UK) Amalgamated Engineering Union [缩略] [史义] (英国)工程协会

AF abbr. [缩略]  audio frequency 

af- /æf, əf/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before f (位于 f 之前) AD- 的同化形式

afar /əˈfɑ:/ adv.  at or to a distance 在远处；向远处 □ from afar   from a distance 从远处，来自远方 [Middle English from A-2, A-4 + FAR]

AFC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Air Force Cross (英国)空军十字勋章 2 (in the UK) Association Football Club (英国)足球俱乐部

AFDCS abbr. (in the UK) Association of First Division Civil Servants (cf. 参见 FDA) [缩略]公务员协会

affable /ˈæfəb(ə)l/ adj.  friendly, good-natured 友善的，和蔼可亲的 □ affability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ affably  adv.   [French from Latin affabilis, from affari (as AD-, fari ‘speak’)]

affair /əˈfɛə/ n.  1  a concern; a business; a matter to be attended to 事务，事情；商务  that is my affair  那是我的事情 2  a  a celebrated or notorious happening or sequence of events 社会轶闻；丑闻b colloq.  a noteworthy thing or event [口]事件，事  was a puzzling affair  是一桩让人很困惑的事 3  = LOVE AFFAIR  4 (in pl. 用复数)  a  ordinary pursuits of life 营生，日常工作b  business dealings 商务c  public matters 公共事务；公众话题  current affairs  当前事态 [Middle English via Anglo-French afere from Old French afaire, from ɑˋ faire ‘to do’: cf. ADO]

affaire /æˈfɛə/ n. (also 亦作 affaire de or du cœur /æˌfɛə də, dy ˈkɜ:/)  a love affair 爱情故事，风流韵事 [French]

affairé /æˈfɛərei, 法 afere/ adj.  busy; involved 忙碌的；卷入的 [French]

affect1 /əˈfekt/ v. tr.  1  a  produce an effect on 影响，妨碍  their business was not affected by the recession  他们的生意没有受到经济衰退的影响b (of a disease etc.) attack (疾病等)侵袭；危害  his liver is affected  他的肝脏受到了损害 2  move; touch the feelings of 感动；感染  affected me deeply  使我深受感动 □ affecting  adj.  □ affectingly  adv.   [French affecter or Latin afficere affect- ‘influence’ (as AD-, facere ‘do’)]■Usage 用法说明 Affect should not be confused with effect which means ‘to bring about, to accomplish’, e.g. The government effected great changes. Note also that effect is commonly used as a noun as well as a verb. 注意不要将 affect 和 effect 混淆；后者的意思是“促成，实现”等，如 The government effected great changes (政府实行了巨大改革)。另外， effect 通常既作名词也作动词使用。 

affect2 /əˈfekt/ v. tr.  1  pretend to have or feel 装作，假装  affected indifference  装作若无其事 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  pretend 假装做… 3  assume the character or manner of; pose as 冒充；模仿  affect the freethinker  冒充自由思想家 4  make a show of liking or using 喜欢炫耀；喜欢使用(或穿戴)…  she affects fancy hats  她喜欢戴奇形怪状的帽子 [French affecter or Latin affectare ‘aim at’, frequentative of afficere (as AFFECT1)]

affect3 /ˈæfekt/ n. Psychol.  an emotion, a feeling, or a desire, esp. as leading to action 【心】(尤指导致行动的)情绪；感情；欲望 [German Affekt from Latin affectus ‘disposition’, from afficere (as AFFECT1)]

affectation /æfekˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an assumed or contrived manner of behaviour, esp. in order to impress 做作；虚饰 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a studied display 炫耀，故弄玄虚 3  pretence 装假，假装 [French affectation or Latin affectatio (as AFFECT2)]

affected /əˈfektid/ adj.  1  in senses of AFFECT1, AFFECT2 用于 AFFECT1 和 AFFECT2 的各释义 2  artificially assumed or displayed; pretended 假的，装出的  an affected air of innocence  装出清白无辜的样子 3 (of a person) full of affectation; artificial (人)虚伪的，矫揉造作的 4 (prec. by 前接 adv.; often foll. by 常后跟 towards) archaic  disposed, inclined [古义]有意于…的；倾向于…的 □ affectedly  adv.  

affection /əˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, towards)  goodwill; fond or kindly feeling 好感；钟爱 2  a disease; a diseased condition 疾病；患病的身体状况 3  a mental state; an emotion 情绪，心情；情感 4  a mental disposition 态度；倾向 5  the act or process of affecting or being affected 影响，妨碍；作用 □ affectional  adj. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin affectio -onis (as AFFECT1)]

affectionate /əˈfekʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  loving, fond; showing love or tenderness 慈爱的；充满深情的 □ affectionately  adv.   [French affectionné or medieval Latin affectionatus (as AFFECTION)]

affective /əˈfektiv/ adj.  1  concerning the affections; emotional 情感的，感情的 2 Psychol.  relating to affects 【心】有关情绪的，情感的 □ affectivity  /æfekˈtiviti/ n.   [French affectif -ive from Late Latin affectivus (as AFFECT1)]

affenpinscher /ˈæfənpinʃə/ n.  1  a dog of a small breed resembling the griffon 猴猎狗(一种类似于向导犬的小型狗) 2  this breed 猴猎狗类犬 [German from Affe ‘monkey’ + Pinscher ‘terrier’]

afferent /ˈæf(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. Physiol.  conducting inwards or towards (opp. 反义 EFFERENT) 【生理】传入的，向心的；传导的  afferent nerves  传入神经 afferent vessels  内流血管 [Latin afferre (as AD-, ferre ‘bring’)]

affiance /əˈfaiəns/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) literary  promise solemnly to give (a person) in marriage [文学用语] (与某人正式)订婚 [Middle English via Old French afiancer from medieval Latin affidare (as AD-, fidus ‘trusty’)]

affiant /əˈfaiənt/ n. N. Amer.  a person who makes an affidavit [北美]立下誓书者 [French: see -ANT]

affidavit /æfiˈdeivit/ n.  a written statement confirmed by oath, for use as evidence in court (供法庭质证的)书面供词；宣誓书 [medieval Latin, = has stated on oath, from affidare: see AFFIANCE]

affiliate v. & n. ●v. /əˈfilieit/  1 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to, with)  attach or connect (a person or society) with a larger organization 使(某人或团体)附属于(一个更大的组织)；使与…有关 2 tr. (of an institution) adopt (persons as members, societies as branches) (某机构)接纳(某人或某团体)为成员 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  associate oneself with a society 与某团体联合b (foll. by 后跟 with)  associate oneself with a political party 与某党派联合 ●n. /əˈfiliət/  an affiliated person or organization 参与联合的人或团体 □ affiliative  /əˈfiliətiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin affiliare ‘adopt’ (as AD-, filius ‘son’)]

affiliation /əfiliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or process of affiliating or being affiliated 加入，联合 [French from medieval Latin affiliatio, from affiliare: see AFFILIATE]

affiliation order n. Brit.  a legal order that the man judged to be the father of an illegitimate child must help to support it [英]非婚生子女生父确认令

affined /əˈfaind/ adj.  related, connected 姻亲的，联合的 [affine (adj.) from Latin affinis ‘related’: see AFFINITY]

affinity /əˈfiniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 between, for, or with)  a spontaneous or natural liking for or attraction to a person or thing 本性倾向，亲和力；吸引力 2  relationship, esp. by marriage (尤指婚姻的)联系，关系 3  resemblance in structure between animals, plants, or languages (不同动物、植物、语言等结构上的)相似之处 4  a similarity of characteristics suggesting a relationship; family likeness (体现出亲缘关系的)表征，相似特征 5 Chem.  the tendency of certain substances to combine with others 【化】亲和性，亲和力 [Middle English via Old French afinité from Latin affinitas -tatis, from affinis ‘related’, literally ‘bordering on’ (as AD- + finis ‘border’)]

affinity card n.  1  a discount card issued to members of an affinity group (向亲和团体成员提供的)优惠卡 2 (in the UK) a bank card for which the bank donates to a specific charity etc. a portion of the money spent using the card (英国)银行优惠卡(银行把使用此卡进行消费的一部份捐献给某慈善事业)

affinity group n.  a group of people linked by a common interest or purpose (由利益或目的相同的人组成的)亲和团体

affirm /əˈfɜ:m/ v.  1 tr.  assert strongly; state as a fact 断言；证实 2 intr.  a Law  make an affirmation 【法律】断定，肯定b  make a formal declaration 庄严宣布 3 tr. Law  confirm, ratify (a judgement) 【法律】确认，批准(某判决) □ affirmatory  adj.  □ affirmer  n.   [Middle English via Old French afermer from Latin affirmare (as AD-, firmus ‘strong’)]

affirmation /æfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of affirming or being affirmed 断言，肯定 2 Law  a solemn declaration by a person who conscientiously declines to take an oath 【法律】(有意不经宣誓而做出的)正式证词 [French affirmation or Latin affirmatio (as AFFIRM)]

affirmative /əˈfɜ:mətiv/ adj., n. & int. ●adj.  1  a  affirming; asserting that a thing is so 肯定的，断定的b Gram. (of a word, clause, etc.) stating that a fact is so; answering ‘yes’ to a question 【语法】(指单词、子句等)肯定的；对某个问题回答“是” 2 (of a vote) expressing approval (指选票)赞成的，同意的 ●n.  1  an affirmative statement or reply 肯定的答复 2 Gram.  a word or particle expressing affirmation 【语法】肯定词；肯定语 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a positive or affirming position 肯定的立场 ●int. esp. N. Amer.  yes [尤北美]赞同，赞成 □ in the affirmative   with affirmative effect; so as to accept or agree to a proposal; yes 以肯定方式；表示赞成  the answer was in the affirmative  回答是肯定的□ affirmatively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French affirmatif -ive from Late Latin affirmativus (as AFFIRM)]

affirmative action n. esp. N. Amer.  action favouring those who tend to suffer from discrimination; positive discrimination, esp. in recuitment to jobs [尤北美]倾向性行动，积极行动(尤指在招聘工作时倾向于雇用那些遭受歧视的人)

affix v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈfiks/  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, on)  attach, fasten 使附于，贴上 2  add in writing (a signature or postscript) 签署；加写(附言) 3  impress (a seal or stamp) 加盖(印章或邮戳) ●n. /ˈæfiks/  1  an appendage; an addition 附属物，添加物 2 Gram.  an addition or element placed at the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word (infix), to modify its meaning 【语法】词缀(前缀、后缀、中缀) □ affixation  /æfikˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French affixer, affixe or medieval Latin affixare, frequentative of Latin affigere (as AD-, figere fix- ‘fix’)]

afflatus /əˈfleitəs/ n.  a divine creative impulse; inspiration 神感，神明启示；灵感 [Latin, from afflare (as AD-, flare flat- ‘to blow’)]

afflict /əˈflikt/ v. tr.  inflict bodily or mental suffering on 使(肉体或精神上)痛苦，使苦恼；折磨 □ afflicted with   suffering from 受到…的折磨□ afflictive  adj.   [Middle English, from Latin afflictare or from Latin afflict-, past part. stem of affligere (as AD-, fligere flict- ‘dash’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INFLICT. 见 INFLICT 的用法说明。 

affliction /əˈflikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  physical or mental distress, esp. pain or illness (肉体或精神上)痛苦(尤因疼痛或疾病) 2  a cause of this 使人痛苦的原因 [Middle English via Old French from Latin afflictio -onis (as AFFLICT)]

affluence /ˈæflʊəns/ n.  an abundant supply of money, commodities, etc.; wealth 富裕，富饶；富有 [Middle English via Old French from Latin affluentia, from affluere: see AFFLUENT]

affluent /ˈæflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wealthy, rich 富有的，富裕的 2  abundant 丰富的，富饶的 3  flowing freely or copiously 奔流的；大量涌出的 ●n.  a tributary stream 支流 □ affluently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin affluere (as AD-, fluere flux- ‘flow’)]

afflux /ˈæflʌks/ n.  a flow towards a point; an influx 流入，注入；汇集 [medieval Latin affluxus from Latin affluere: see AFFLUENT]

afford /əˈfɔ:d/ v. tr.  1 (prec. by 前接 can or be able to; often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  have enough money, means, time, etc., for; be able to spare 花得起，提供得起(金钱、办法、时间等)  can afford £ 50  可以出 50 镑 could not afford a holiday  没有钱度假 can we afford to buy a new television?  我们买得起新电视机吗？b  be in a position to do something (esp. without risk of adverse consequences) 有能力做，有条件做(尤指不会有不良后果)  can't afford to let him think so  可不能让他这样想 2  yield a supply of 产出，出产 3  provide 供给，提供  affords a view of the sea  可以看到大海的景色 □ affordable  adj.  □ affordability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English geforthian ‘promote’ (as Y-, FORTH), assimilated to words in AF-]

afforest /əˈfɒrist/ v. tr.  1  convert into forest 使变成森林 2  plant with trees 植树造林 □ afforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin afforestare (as AD-, foresta FOREST)]

affranchise /əˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/ v. tr.  release from servitude or an obligation 恢复自由；免除义务 [Old French afranchir (as ENFRANCHISE, with prefix A-3)]

affray /əˈfrei/ n.  a breach of the peace by fighting or rioting in public (在公共场所的)吵架，斗殴；滋事，闹事 [Middle English via Anglo-French afrayer (v.) and Old French esfreer from Romanic]

affricate /ˈæfrikət/ n. Phonet.  a combination of a plosive with an immediately following fricative or spirant, e.g. ch as in chair 【语音】塞擦音(如 chair 中的 ch) [Latin affricare (as AD-, fricare ‘rub’)]

affront /əˈfrʌnt/ n. & v. ●n.  an open insult 当众侮辱，冒犯  feel it an affront  觉得是一种侮辱 offer an affront to  加以侮辱 ●v. tr.  1  insult openly 当众侮辱 2  offend the modesty or self-respect of 冒犯，不尊重 3  face, confront 面对；对抗，遭遇 [Middle English from Old French afronter ‘slap in the face, insult’, ultimately from Latin frons frontis ‘face’]

Afghan /ˈæfɡæn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Afghanistan 阿富汗人b  a person of Afghan descent 阿富汗人后裔 2  the official language of Afghanistan ; also called 亦称作 PASHTO 阿富汗语 3 (作 afghan)  a knitted and sewn woollen blanket or shawl 阿富汗毛毯；阿富汗披肩 4 (in full 全称 Afghan coat) Brit.  a kind of sheepskin coat with the skin outside and usu. with a shaggy border [英]阿富汗式羊皮大衣(一种用羊皮制成的衣服，通常皮面朝外，边沿不整齐) ●adj.  of or relating to Afghanistan, its people, or its language 阿富汗的；阿富汗人的；阿富汗语的 [Pashto afghɑˉnī]

Afghan hound n.  1  a tall hunting dog of a breed with long silky hair 阿富汗猎犬(一种毛长而光亮的高个儿狗) 2  this breed 阿富汗猎犬种群

afghani /æfˈɡɑ:ni/ n. (pl. afghanis)  the chief monetary unit of Afghanistan 阿富汗尼(阿富汗主要货币单位) [Pashto]

Afghanistan   阿富汗

Afghanistani /æfˈgænistɑ:ni/ n.  阿富汗人

aficionado /æfisjəˈnɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a devotee of a sport or pastime (originally of bullfighting) (一种体育活动或娱乐的)狂热爱好者，迷恋者(源自斗牛) [Spanish]

afield /əˈfi:ld/ adv.  1  away from home; to or at a distance (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 far afield) 远离家乡；向远方；在远方 2  in the field 在野外，在原野 [Old English (as A2, FIELD)]

afire /əˈfaiə/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  on fire 着火的 2  intensely roused or excited 异常兴奋的，异常激动的

aflame /əˈfleim/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  in flames 燃烧的 2  = AFIRE 2 

aflatoxin /æfləˈtɒksin/ n. Chem.  any of a class of toxic compounds produced by the mould Aspergillus flavus, which cause liver damage and cancer 【化】黄霉毒素，黄曲霉素 [Aspergillus + flavus + TOXIN]

AFL-CIO abbr.  American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations [缩略]美国劳工联合会－产业工会联合会(劳联－产联)

afloat /əˈfləʊt/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  floating in water or air (在水面或空气中)漂(飘)浮着(的) 2  at sea; on board ship 在海上(的)；在船上(的) 3  out of debt or difficulty 无债务；无困难 4  in general circulation; current 在循环中；流通的，流传的 5  full of or covered with a liquid 充满液体；在液体包围之中 6  in full swing 正在全力进行中，正起劲 [Old English (as A2, FLOAT)]

AFM abbr. (in the UK) Air Force Medal [缩略] (英国)空军奖章

afoot /əˈfʊt/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  in operation; progressing 在进行中；在进展中 2  astir; on the move 在活动；在移动中 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  on foot 步行，徒步  dismounted and went afoot  下马步行b  on one's feet 下地；站起  slow afoot  慢慢站起

afore /əˈfɔ:/ prep., conj. & adv. archaic or dial.  before; previously; in front (of) [古义] [方]在…之前；以前；在…前面 [Old English onforan (as A2, FORE)]

afore- /əˈfɔ:/ prefix  before, previously (aforementioned 如前所述 ; aforesaid 上述) 在前面；以前

aforethought /əˈfɔ:θɔ:t/ adj.  premeditated 事先考虑的，预谋的 following a noun 跟在名词后 : malice aforethought  蓄意害人

a fortiori /ei fɔ:tiˈɔ:rai/ adv. & adj.  with a yet stronger reason (than a conclusion already accepted); more conclusively (比已接受的结论)更有理由；更不用说 [Latin]

afoul /əˈfaʊl/ adv. (in phrs. 用于短语 fall afoul of, run afoul of) N. Amer.  foul (see 见 FALL, RUN) [北美]相互碰撞；相互冲突

afraid /əˈfreid/ predic. adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that or lest + clause)  alarmed, frightened 畏惧的，害怕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  unwilling or reluctant for fear of the consequences (因担心后果而)不敢，恐怕；不情愿，不愿意  was afraid to go in  不敢进入 □ be afraid  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause) colloq.  admit or declare with (real or politely simulated) regret [口] (表示礼貌)恐怕；遗憾的是  I'm afraid there's none left  恐怕一个也不剩了 [Middle English (past part. of obsolete verb affray), via Anglo-French afrayer from Old French esfreer]

A-frame /ˈeifreim/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a frame shaped like a capital letter A A 形框架， A 字型结构 2 N. Amer.  an A-frame house [北美] A 字型结构的房屋 [A1 + FRAME]

afreet /ˈæfri:t/ n. (also 亦作 afrit)  a demon in Arabian mythology (阿拉伯神话中的)魔鬼，恶魔 [Arabic ˈifrīt]

afresh /əˈfreʃ/ adv.  anew; with a fresh beginning 重新；再度 [A-2 + FRESH]

Africa /ˈæfrikə/ n.  非洲

African /ˈæfrik(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Africa (esp. a dark-skinned person) 非洲人 2  a person of African descent 非洲人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Africa 非州的 [Latin Africanus]

Africana /æfriˈkɑ:nə/ n. pl.  things connected with Africa 与非州有关的事物

African-American n. & adj. ●n.  a black American 非洲裔美国人，美国黑人 ●adj.  of or relating to black Americans 美国黑人的

Africander /æfriˈkændə/ n. (also 亦作 Afrikander)  one of a S. African breed of sheep or longhorn cattle 南非羊；南非长角牛 [Afrikaans Afrikaander, alteration of Dutch Afrikaner on the pattern of Hollander etc.]

African elephant n.  the elephant, Loxodonta africana, of Africa, which is larger than the Indian elephant 非洲象

Africanize /ˈæfrik(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make African in character 使非洲化 2  place under the control of African blacks 交由非洲黑人管理 3 (usu. as 通常作 Africanized adj.)  hybridize (honey bees) with African stock producing an aggressive strain 与原种非洲蜜蜂杂交(以产生一种攻击型蜜蜂) □ Africanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

African violet n.  a small E. African plant of the genus Saintpaulia, with heart-shaped velvety leaves and blue, purple, or pink flowers, esp. S. ionantha, a popular house plant Also called 亦称作 saintpaulia 非洲紫罗兰(一种常见的盆栽植物)

Afrikaans /æfriˈkɑ:ns/ n.  the language of the Afrikaner people developed from Dutch, an official language of the Republic of South Africa 南非荷兰语(南非共和国的官方语言之一) [Dutch, = African]

Afrikander var.  of AFRICANDER  AFRICANDER 的变体

Afrikaner /æfriˈkɑ:nə/ n.  1  an Afrikaans-speaking white person in S. Africa, esp. one of Dutch descent 南非白人(尤指荷兰人后裔) 2  a S. African species of Gladiolus or Homoglossum 南非唐菖蒲(南非的一种剑兰或唐菖蒲属植物) [Afrikaans from Dutch: see AFRICANDER]

afrit var.  of AFREET  AFREET 的变体

Afro /ˈæfrəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a hairstyle) long and bushy, as naturally grown by some blacks (指发型)埃弗罗式的(一些黑人自然长成的长而蓬松的发式) ●n. (pl. -os)  an Afro hairstyle 埃弗罗发型 [AFRO-, or abbreviation of AFRICAN]

Afro- /ˈæfrəʊ/ comb. form  African (Afro-Asian 亚非的) [构词成分]非洲的，来自非洲的 [Latin Afer Afr- ‘African’]

Afro-American /æfrəʊəˈmerik(ə)n/ adj. & n.  = AFRICAN-AMERICAN 

Afro-Caribbean /ˌæfrəʊkæriˈbi:ən, -kəˈribiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person of African descent living in or coming from the Caribbean (来自)加勒比地区的非洲人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Afro-Caribbeans 加勒比非洲裔的

Afrocentric /æfrəʊˈsentrik/ adj.  centring on African or Afro-American culture; regarding African or black culture as pre-eminent 崇尚非洲文化或美国黑人文化的；非洲文化或黑人文化中心论的 [AFRO- + -CENTRIC]

afrormosia /æfrɔ:ˈməʊziə/ n.  1  an African tree, Pericopsis (formerly [旧指] Afrormosia) elata, yielding a hardwood resembling teak and used for furniture 非洲红豆树 2  this wood 非洲红豆木 [modern Latin from AFRO- + Ormosia, a related genus]

aft /ɑ:ft/ adv. Naut. & Aeron.  at or towards the stern or tail 【海】【空】在船(机)尾；向船(机)尾 [probably from Middle English baft: see ABAFT]

after /ˈɑ:ftə/ prep., conj., adv. & adj. ●prep.  1  a  following in time; later than 在…之后；晚于  after six months  6 个月以后 after midnight  午夜以后 day after day  日复一日b N. Amer.  in specifying time [北美]表示具体时间  a quarter after eight  8 点 1 刻 2 (with causal force) in view of (something that happened shortly before) (表原因)鉴于(刚刚发生的事情)，既然  after your behaviour tonight what do you expect?  鉴于你今晚的表现，你还期望什么？ 3 (with concessive force) in spite of (表让步)尽管  after all my efforts I'm no better off  尽管我那么努力，可我的经济状况还是不好 4  behind 在…后面，身后  shut the door after you  把门带上 5  in pursuit or quest of 跟随，追赶；追求  run after them  追赶他们 enquire after him  向他询问 hanker after it  求根问底 is after a job  在找工作 6  about, concerning 关于，至于  asked after her  询问她的情况 asked after her health  询问她的健康 7  in allusion to 暗指，喻指  named him William after the prince  按王子的名字给他取名威廉 8  in imitation of (a person, word, etc.) 模仿，效法(某人、某个词等)  a painting after Rubens  模仿鲁本斯的画 ‘aesthete’ is formed after ‘athlete’  ‘aesthete’ 是仿照 ‘athlete’ 构成的 9  next in importance to 次之，其次  the best book on the subject after mine  有关该论题仅次于我那本的最好的书 10  according to 根据；按照  after a fashion  勉强，马马虎虎 ●conj.  in or at a time later than that when (时间上)在…之后  left after they arrived  在他们来到以后离开 ●adv.  1  later in time 以后，后来  soon after  不久以后 a week after  一周以后 2  behind in place (位置上)在…之后  followed on after  跟在后面 look before and after  前后张望 ●adj.  1  later, following 事后的，后来的  in after years  在后来的几年中 2 Naut.  nearer the stern 【海】靠近船尾部的  after cabins  后舱 after mast  后桅杆 after-peak  船尾 □ after all   1  in spite of all that has happened or has been said etc. 总之，终归  after all, what does it matter?  说到底，这有什么关系？ 2  in spite of one's exertions, expectations, etc. 终于，毕竟  they tried for an hour and failed after all  他们尝试了一个小时，最后还是失败了 so you have come after all!  你总算来了！□ after one's own heart   see 见 HEART □ after you   a formula used in offering precedence 你先请(让人先行的套话) [Old English œfter, from Germanic]

afterbirth /ˈɑ:ftəbɜ:θ/ n.  the placenta and foetal membranes discharged from the womb after the birth of offspring (分娩以后的)胎盘，胎衣

afterburner /ˈɑ:ftəˌbɜ:nə/ n.  an auxiliary burner in a jet engine to increase thrust (喷射引擎等的)补燃装置

aftercare /ˈɑ:ftəkɛə/ n.  1  care of a patient after a stay in hospital or of a person on release from prison (病人出院后的)后期护理；(犯人出狱后的)释放后安置 2  a  subsequent care or maintenance 后续护理(维护)  tips for aftercare  后续护理须知b  support or advice offered to a customer following the purchase of a product or service (顾客购买商品或接受服务后的)后续支持；后续指导

afterdamp /ˈɑ:ftədæmp/ n.  choking gas left after an explosion of firedamp in a mine (煤矿甲烷气体爆炸以后的)剩余毒气，余留毒气

after-effect n.  an effect that follows after an interval or after the primary action of something 事后影响，余波；后作用，后效

afterglow /ˈɑ:ftəɡləʊ/ n.  1  a light or radiance remaining after its source has disappeared or been removed 余光，余辉；晚霞，夕照 2  a pleasant feeling remaining after a pleasurable experience 美好经历后的愉快回味

after-hours attrib. adj.  taking place after normal hours 业余时间的；规定时间以后的

after-image n.  an image retained by a sense organ, esp. the eye, and producing a sensation after the cessation of the stimulus (在刺激停止以后给感官、尤其是眼睛留下的)余像，残留影像

afterlife /ˈɑ:ftəlaif/ n.  1 Relig.  life after death 【宗】来世 2  life at a later time 晚年，余生

aftermarket /ˈɑ:ftəˌmɑ:kit/ n.  1  a market in spare parts and components 零部件市场 2 Stock Exch.  a market in shares after their original issue 【股】(股票发行以后的)股权交易市场

aftermath /ˈɑ:ftəmæθ/ n.  1  consequences or after-effects, esp. when unpleasant (尤指不愉快的)后果，余波；善后工作  the aftermath of war  战争的余波 2 dial.  new grass growing after mowing or after a harvest [方] (割后又长出来的)再生草 [AFTER adj. + math ‘mowing’ (Old English mœth, from Germanic)]

aftermost /ˈɑ:ftəməʊst/ adj. Naut.  furthest aft 【海】最尾部 [AFTER adj. + -MOST]

afternoon /ɑ:ftəˈnu:n/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the time from noon or lunchtime to evening 下午，午后  this afternoon  今天下午 during the afternoon  在下午 afternoon tea  下午茶 2  this time spent in a particular way 以某种方式度过的下午  had a lazy afternoon  闲散了一下午 3  a time compared with this, esp. the later part of something (比喻用法)后半段  the afternoon of life  生命后期 ●int. colloq.  = good afternoon (see 见 GOOD adj. 14) [口]下午好

afterpains /ˈɑ:ftəpeinz/ n. pl.  pains caused by contraction of the womb after childbirth 产后痛，产后阵痛

afters /ˈɑ:ftəz/ n. pl. Brit. colloq.  the course following the main course of a meal; dessert [英口]正餐之后的一道食品；甜食

after-school attrib. adj.  taking place after normal school hours 放学以后的，放学后发生的

aftershave /ˈɑ:ftəʃeiv/ n.  an astringent lotion for use after shaving 剃须后用的润肤霜

aftershock /ˈɑ:ftəʃɒk/ n.  a lesser shock following the main shock of an earthquake (地震之后的)余震

aftertaste /ˈɑ:ftəteist/ n.  a taste remaining or recurring after eating or drinking (吃或喝之后的)余味，回味

afterthought /ˈɑ:ftəθɔ:t/ n.  an item or thing that is thought of or added later 事后才想到(或加上)的

afterwards /ˈɑ:ftəwədz/ adv. (US also [美亦] afterward /-wəd/)  later, subsequently 然后，事后，后来 [Old English æfterwearde (adj.) from æftan AFT + -WARD]

afterword /ˈɑ:ftəwɜ:d/ n.  concluding remarks in a book, esp. by a person other than its author (书末的)编后记(尤指非作者本人所写的)

Ag1 /æɡ/ symb. Chem.  the element silver [符]【化】(化学元素)银 [Latin argentum]

Ag2 abbr. [缩略]  antigen 

ag- /æɡ, əɡ/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before g (在 g 之前) AD- 的同化形式

Aga /ˈɑ:ɡə/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of heavy heat-retaining cooking stove or range burning solid fuel or powered by gas, oil, or electricity, and intended for continuous heating [英] [商标]阿加炉具(一种大型储热式炉具) [Swedish, from Svenska Aktienbolaget Gasackumulator (Swedish Gas Accumulator Company), the original manufacturer]

aga /ˈɑ:ɡə/ n. (in Muslim countries, esp. under the Ottoman Empire) a commander; a chief (尤指奥斯曼帝国统治下穆斯林国家的)阿迦；统帅，将军 [Turkish aɡˇa ‘master’]

again /əˈɡen, əˈɡein/ adv.  1  another time; once more 再，又 2  as in a previous position or condition 如在以前的位置或状态  back again  又回来了 home again  又回到家了 quite well again  又好起来了 3  in addition 加之，更  as much again  加倍 half as many again  加一半 4  further, besides 此外，还有  again, what about the children?  另外，孩子怎么办？ 5  on the other hand 另一方面，也  I might, and again I might not  我可能，我也可能不 □ again and again   repeatedly 不断重复地，反复地 [Old English ongēan, ongœgn, etc., from Germanic]

against /əˈɡenst, əˈɡeinst/ prep.  1  in opposition to 反对  fight against the invaders  打击入侵者 am against hanging  反对绞刑 arson is against the law  纵火是违法的 2  into collision or in contact with 碰撞；接触  ran against a rock  撞到石头上 lean against the wall  靠着墙 up against a problem  起而应对某个问题 3  to the disadvantage of 不利于  his age is against him  他的年龄对他不利 4  in contrast to 与…形成对照  against a dark background  衬着深色背景 99 as against 102 yesterday  99 比照于昨天的 102 5  in anticipation of or preparation for 应付；为…作准备  against his coming  准备他的到来 against a rainy day  应付雨天 protected against the cold  防寒 warned against pickpockets  警告注意扒手 6  as a compensating factor to 对应，补偿  income against expenditure  收支对照 7  in return for 作为回报；出具回执  issued against payment of the fee  付款以后的回执 □ against the clock   see 见 CLOCK1 3 □ against the grain   see 见 GRAIN □ against time   see TIME  [Middle English ayenes etc., from ayen AGAIN + adverbial genitive -s + -t as in amongst]

Aga Khan /ɑ:ɡə ˈkɑ:n/ n.  the spiritual leader of the Nizari sect of Ismaili Muslims 阿迦汗(伊斯兰教尼查尔派的精神领袖)

agal /æˈɡɑ:l/ n.  a fillet worn by Bedouin Arabs to keep the keffiyeh in place (阿拉伯贝都因人的)头带，头巾 [Arabic ˈiḳɑˉl ‘bond, rope’]

agama /əˈɡɑ:mə/ n.  an iguana-like Old World lizard of the genus Agama or a related genus 飞龙属蜥蜴 [Carib]

agamic /əˈɡæmik/ adj.  characterized by asexual reproduction 无性的；无性生殖的 [Greek agamos ‘unmarried’ + -IC]

agamospermy /ˈæɡəməˌspɜ:mi/ n. Bot.  asexual reproduction by division of an unfertilized ovule 【植】未受精胚珠无性繁殖，不完全无配生殖 [Greek agamos ‘unmarried’ + sperma ‘seed’]

agapanthus /æɡəˈpænθəs/ n.  any lilylike plant of the African genus Agapanthus 百子莲(非洲百合属植物) [modern Latin, from Greek agapē ‘love’ + anthos ‘flower’]

agape1 /əˈɡeip/ adv. & predic. adj.  gaping, open-mouthed, esp. with wonder or expectation 目瞪口呆地(的)

agape2 /ˈæɡəpi/ n.  1  a Christian feast in token of fellowship, esp. one held by early Christians in commemoration of the Last Supper (尤指早期纪念最后的晚餐的基督教徒的)联谊会餐 2 Theol.  Christian love, esp. as distinct from erotic love 【神】(尤指区别于性爱的)基督徒的爱；博爱 [Greek, = brotherly love]

agar /ˈeiɡɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 agar-agar /eiɡɑ:rˈeiɡɑ:/)  a gelatinous substance obtained from various kinds of red seaweed and used in making soups, biological culture media, etc. 琼脂(一种用海产石花菜类制成的植物胶，可用于做汤或微生物的培养基) [Malay]

agaric /ˈæɡ(ə)rik, əˈɡɑ:rik/ n.  any fungus of the family Agaricaceae, with cap and stalk, including the common edible mushroom 伞菌(任何可以食用的蘑菇类) [Latin agaricum from Greek agarikon]

agate /ˈæɡət/ n.  1  a hard usu. banded variety of chalcedony 玛瑙 2  a coloured toy marble resembling this 类似玛瑙的玩具石弹 [French agate, -the, via Latin achates from Greek akhatēs]

Agatha /ˈægəθə/   阿加莎 [人名]

agave /əˈɡeivi/ n.  any plant of the genus Agave, with rosettes of narrow spiny leaves, and tall inflorescences, e.g. the American aloe 龙舌兰属植物 [Latin from Greek Agauē, a proper name in mythology, from agauos ‘illustrious’]

agaze /əˈɡeiz/ adv. poet.  gazing [诗]凝视着

age /eidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the length of time that a person or thing has existed or is likely to exist 生存期，生存时间b  a particular point in or part of one's life, often as a qualification 年龄，年纪(常作为一种条件)  old age  老龄 voting age  选举年龄 2  a (often in pl. 常用复数) colloq.  a long time [口]长时间，久久  took an age to answer  过了很长时间才答复 have been waiting for ages  等了许久b  a distinct period of the past 历史时期，时代  golden age  黄金时代 Bronze Age  青铜器时代 Middle Ages  中世纪c Geol.  a period of time 【地质】时期d  a generation 一代人，代 3  the latter part of life; old age 上年纪，老年  the peevishness of age  年老的乖戾 ●v. (pres. part. ageing, aging)  1 intr.  show signs of advancing age 显老，变老  has aged a lot recently  最近老了许多 2 intr.  grow old 老化，老 3 intr.  mature 成熟 4 tr.  cause or allow to age 使成熟，老化 □ come of age   reach adult status (esp. in Law at 18, formerly 21) 达到成人年龄(尤指达到法定的 18 岁，以前为 21 岁) [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin aetas -atis ‘age’]

-age /idʒ, ɑ:ʒ/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  an action (breakage 破坏 ; spillage 溢出) 动作 2  a condition or function (bondage 束缚 ; a peerage 贵族地位) 状态或功能 3  an aggregate or number of (coverage 综述 ; the peerage 贵族 ; acreage 英亩数) 总体，集合 4  fees payable for; the cost of using (postage 邮费) 费用，花费 5  the product of an action (dosage 用量 ; wreckage 破坏) 动作结果 6  a place; an abode (anchorage 停泊地点 ; orphanage 孤儿院 ; parsonage 牧师住所) 地点，处所 [Old French, ultimately from Latin -aticum, neut. of adjectival suffix -aticus -ATIC]

aged adj.  1 /eidʒd/  a  of the age of 有…年纪的  aged ten  10 岁b  that has been subjected to ageing 老化的，在变老的c (of a horse) over six years old (马)6 岁以上的 2 /ˈeidʒid/  having lived long; old 长寿的；古老的

age group n.  a number of persons or things classed together as of similar age 处于某一年龄的人；年龄段

ageing /ˈeidʒiŋ/ n. (also 亦作 aging)  1  growing old 长大；老化 2  giving the appearance of advancing age 显老，变老 3  a change of properties occurring in some metals after heat treatment or cold working (经过冷、热处理使金属改变性状的)老化处理

ageism /ˈeidʒiz(ə)m/ n.  prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of age 年龄歧视 □ ageist  adj. & n.  

ageless /ˈeidʒlis/ adj.  1  never growing or appearing old or outmoded 永远不老的；永不过时的 2  eternal, timeless 永恒的，长久的

age-long adj.  lasting for a very long time 延续了很长时间的

agency /ˈeidʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the business or establishment of an agent 代理，中介；代理机构  employment agency  职业介绍所b  the function of an agent 代理职能；代理事宜 2  a  active operation; action 能动作用；功能，力量  free agency  自由意志力的作用b  intervening action; means 干预作用；手段  fertilized by the agency of insects  靠昆虫的传播作用受精c  action personified 动作，作用  an invisible agency  无形的作用 3 (also 亦作 Agency)  a department or body providing a specific service for a government, political union, etc. (政府或政治团体的)特殊职能部门  United Nations Relief Agency  联合国救济署 News Agency  新闻社 [medieval Latin agentia from Latin agere ‘do’]

agenda /əˈdʒendə/ n.  1 (pl. agendas)  a  a list of items of business to be considered at a meeting 议程；议事日程b  a series of things to be done; a plan of activities or action 安排，计划 2 (sing. agendum) (treated as pl. 看作复数)  a  items of business to be considered 需要考虑的事项b  things to be done 应办的事项 [Latin, neut. pl. of gerundive of agere ‘do’]■Usage 用法说明 Agenda is now usually treated as a singular noun (with plural agendas), as in sense 1 above, e.g. The agenda for the meeting was very long; Today's agenda includes a visit to the old town; Anticipate what hidden agendas others may have. It is occasionally found in sense 2 (its original sense) meaning ‘items to be considered’ or ‘things to be done’. Cf. DATA, MEDIA1. 词语 agenda 现常用作单数(复数形式为 agendas) ，如上述的释义 1 (The agenda for the meeting was very long 会议的议程特别长； Today's agenda includes a visit to the old town 今天的安排包括参观老城区； Anticipate what hidden agendas others may have 估计一下他人暗中的计划)。但偶尔也用于释义 2 (原义)，意思是“需要考虑的事项”或“要做的事情”；参见 DATA 1 。 

agent /ˈeidʒ(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a person who acts for another in business, politics, etc. (商务、政治等方面的)代办人，经纪人；执法官  literary agent  文稿代理人b  a person or company that acts as broker and provides a specified service 代理人；代理商，代理公司  estate agent  财产代理人 travel agent  旅行社c  a travelling salesman or salewoman 旅行推销员d  a spy 密探，间谍，特工人员 2  a  a person or thing that exerts power or produces an effect 作用者；作用物b  the cause of a natural force or effect on matter 动因；剂  oxidizing agent  氧化剂c  such a force or effect 作用，功能 [Latin agent-, part. stem of agere ‘do’]

agent-general n. (pl. agents-general)  a representative of an Australian state or Canadian province (澳大利亚的)州代表；(加拿大的)省代表

agent noun n.  a noun denoting an agent or agency (e.g. 如 lawyer 律师 , accelerator 加速器) 指代某种职务或功能的名词

agent provocateur /ˌæʒɒ˜ prəˌvɒkəˈtɜ:/ n. (pl. agents provocateurs pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person employed to detect suspected offenders by tempting them to overt self-incriminating action (雇用来打入嫌疑犯内部以设法引诱其自陷法网的)密探，坐探，卧底 [French, = provocative agent]

age of consent n.  the age at which consent to sexual intercourse is valid in law 法律认定的可以过性生活的年龄

age of discretion  see 见 DISCRETION 

age of puberty n.  the age at which puberty begins, in law usu. 14 in boys and 12 in girls 青春期开始年龄(欧美法律一般定为男 14 岁，女 12 岁)

age-old adj.  having existed for a very long time 存在很长时间的；古老的

age range n.  a range of ages 年龄段

Aggie /ˈægi/   阿吉 [人名]

agglomerate v., n. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /əˈɡlɒməreit/  1  collect into a mass 成团，结块，凝聚 2  accumulate in a disorderly way (无序地)聚合，聚集 ●n. /əˈɡlɒmərət/  1  a mass or collection of things 团，块 2 Geol.  a mass of large volcanic fragments bonded under heat (cf. 参见 CONGLOMERATE adj. 2, n. 3) 【地质】(因火山烧熔作用而粘在一起的)大石块 ●adj. /əˈɡlɒmərət/  collected into a mass 成团的，结块的 □ agglomeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ agglomerative  /əˈɡlɒmərətiv/ adj.   [Latin agglomerare (as AD-, glomerare from glomus -meris ‘ball’)]

agglutinate /əˈɡlu:tinət/ v.  1 tr.  unite as with glue 使粘接；使胶合 2 tr. & intr. Biol.  cause or undergo rapid clumping (of bacteria, erythrocytes, etc.) 【生】(使) (细菌、红血球等)快速聚合 3 tr. (of language) combine (simple words) without change of form to express compound ideas (语言)使用粘着法(形式上不改变)构词 □ agglutination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ agglutinative  /əˈɡlu:tinətiv/ adj.   [Latin agglutinare (as AD-, glutinare from gluten -tinis ‘glue’)]

agglutinin /əˈɡlu:tinin/ n. Biol.  an antibody, lectin, or other substance causing agglutination 【生】凝集素 [AGGLUTINATE + -IN]

aggrandize /əˈɡrændaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  increase the power, rank, or wealth of (a person or state) 扩大…的权势；提高…的地位；增加…的财富 2  cause to appear greater than is the case 使显大，夸大 □ aggrandizement  /-dizm(ə)nt/ n.  □ aggrandizer  n.   [French agrandir (stem agrandiss-), probably via Italian aggrandire from Latin grandis large: assimilated to verbs in -IZE]

aggravate /ˈæɡrəveit/ v. tr.  1  increase the gravity of (an illness, offence, etc.) 加重，加剧(病情、罪行等)；使恶化  the war was aggravating the situation  战争使得局势更加恶化 2 disp.  annoy, exasperate (a person) [异议]激怒，冒犯(某人) □ aggravating  adj. disp. [异议]  □ aggravation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin aggravare aggravat- ‘make heavy’ from gravis ‘heavy’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of aggravate in sense 2, to mean ‘annoy, exasperate’, is regarded by some people as incorrect but is common in informal use and dates back to the 17th century. Aggravating meaning ‘annoying’ is similarly frowned upon. 有人认为 aggravate 的释义 2 “激怒，冒犯”的用法是不对的，但在非正式语里却很常见，并可追溯到 17 世纪。对此一释义的动名词形式 aggravating 也有同样的争议。 

aggregate n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈæɡriɡət/  1  a collection of, or the total of, disparate elements (异类成份)集合，总计 2  pieces of crushed stone, gravel, etc., used in making concrete 集料，粒料(混凝土中加入的碎石，石子等) 3  a Geol.  a mass of minerals formed into solid rock 【地质】聚成岩b  a mass of particles (小颗粒的)聚成物质，聚合物质 ●adj. /ˈæɡriɡət/  1 (of disparate elements) collected into one mass (指异类成分)聚集的；合计的 2  constituted by the collection of many units into one body 聚合而成的 3 Bot. (of a group of species) comprising several very similar species formerly regarded as a single species 【植】(指一组物种)聚生的 ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈæɡriɡeit/  collect together; combine into a whole 聚集，积聚；集合体 □ in the aggregate   as a whole 总体上，整体上□ aggregation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ aggregative  /ˈæɡriɡətiv/ adj.   [Latin aggregare aggregat- ‘herd together’ (as AD-, grex gregis ‘flock’)]

aggregate fruit n. Bot.  a fruit formed from several carpels derived from the same flower 【植】聚生果(由同一朵花的不同心皮结成的果实) (e.g. 如 raspberry 悬钩子)

aggression /əˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or practice of attacking without provocation, esp. beginning a quarrel or war 侵犯，侵略；挑衅 2  an unprovoked attack 无理攻击；侵略行径 3  self-assertiveness; forcefulness 个性强，刚愎自用 4 Psychol.  a hostile or destructive tendency; such behaviour 【心】敌意，破坏倾向；敌意或破坏性举动 [French agression or Latin aggressio ‘attack’, from aggredi aggress- (as AD-, gradi ‘walk’)]

aggressive /əˈɡresiv/ adj.  1  of a person 指人 :a  given to aggression; openly hostile 好斗的；公开表示敌意的b  forceful; self-assertive 刚愎的，个性强的；敢做敢为的 2 (of an act) offensive, hostile (行为等)攻击性的；敌意的 3  of aggression 侵略性的，入侵的 □ aggressively  adv.  □ aggressiveness  n.  

aggressor /əˈɡresə/ n.  a person who attacks without provocation 侵略者；挑衅者 [Latin (as AGGRESSION)]

aggrieved /əˈɡri:vd/ adj.  having a grievance 受虐待的，受冤屈的 □ aggrievedly  /-vidli/ adv.   [Middle English, past part. of aggrieve, from Old French agrever ‘make heavier’ (as AD-, GRIEVE1)]

aggro /ˈæɡrəʊ/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  aggressive trouble-making 暴力行为；寻衅滋事 2  trouble, difficulty 麻烦，困难 [abbreviation of AGGRAVATION (see AGGRAVATE) or AGGRESSION]

aghast /əˈɡɑ:st/ predic. adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  filled with dismay or consternation 惊骇的，吓呆的 [Middle English, past part. of obsolete agast, gast ‘frighten’: see GHASTLY]

agile /ˈædʒail/ adj.  quick-moving, nimble, active 敏捷的，伶俐的，轻快的 □ agilely  adv.  □ agility  /əˈdʒiliti/ n.   [French from Latin agilis, from agere ‘do’]

agin /əˈɡin/ prep. colloq. or dial.  against [口] [方]反对 [corruption of AGAINST or obsolete prep. again, with the same meaning]

aging var.  of AGEING  AGEING 的变体

agio /ˈædʒiəʊ/ n. (pl. agios)  1  the percentage charged on the exchange of one currency, or one form of money, into another more valuable (兑换高值货币时的)贴水；贴水率 2  the excess value of one currency over another (货币兑换)差价 3  money-exchange business 兑换，货币兑换业务 [Italian aggio]

agist /əˈdʒist/ v. tr.  take in and feed (livestock) for payment 有偿接收并饲养(畜禽) □ agistment  n.  

agitate /ˈædʒiteit/ v.  1 tr.  disturb or excite (a person or feelings) 搅动，鼓动(他人或情绪) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  stir up interest or concern, esp. publicly (尤指公开)煽动，鼓动  agitated for tax reform  鼓动税收改革 3 tr.  shake or move, esp. briskly (尤指快捷地)摇晃，移动 □ agitatedly  adv.   [Latin agitare agitat-, frequentative of agere ‘drive’]

agitation /ædʒiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of agitating or being agitated 搅动；扰动；骚动 2  mental anxiety or concern 焦虑，牵挂 [French agitation or Latin agitatio (as AGITATE)]

agitato /ædʒiˈtɑ:təʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  in an agitated manner 【音】激动地，激奋地 [Italian]

agitator /ˈædʒiteitə/ n.  1  a person who agitates, esp. publicly for a cause (尤指公开为了某一事业的)煽动者，鼓动者 2  an apparatus for shaking or mixing liquid etc. 搅拌器 [Latin (as AGITATE)]

agitprop /ˈædʒitprɒp, ˈæɡ-/ n. hist.  the dissemination of Communist political propaganda, esp. in plays, films, books, etc. [史义] (尤指剧本、电影、书籍等中有关共产党的)政治宣传鼓动 [Russian (as AGITATION, PROPAGANDA)]

aglet /ˈæɡlət/ n.  1  a metal tag attached to each end of a shoelace etc. (鞋带两端的)金属箍 2  = AIGUILLETTE  [Middle English from French aiguillette ‘small needle’, ultimately from Latin acus ‘needle’]

agley /əˈɡlei, əˈɡli:/ adv. Sc.  askew, awry [苏格兰]歪斜地；背离正道地 [A2 + Scots gley ‘squint’]

aglow /əˈɡləʊ/ adv. & predic. adj.  glowing; in a glow (of warmth, excitement, etc.) 发光地(的)，发亮地(的)；(因温暖、激动等)充满炽热地(的)；红光满面地(的)

AGM abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  annual general meeting 

agma /ˈæɡmə/ n.  1  the speech sound of ‘ng’ as in thing, represented by the symbol /ŋ/ (单词 thing 等中的)‘ng’ 的发音，用符号 /ŋ/ 表示 2  this symbol 该音标 [Greek, literally ‘fragment’]

agnail /ˈæɡneil/ n.  1  a piece of torn skin at the root of a fingernail (指甲根部的)倒刺，甲刺 2  the soreness resulting from this 指头炎 [Old English angnœgl from nœgl NAIL n. 2a: cf. HANGNAIL]

agnate /ˈæɡneit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  descended esp. by male line from the same male ancestor (cf. 参见 COGNATE adj. 1) 男方亲属的；父系亲属的 2  descended from the same forefather; of the same clan or nation 同宗的，同族的；同种族的 3  of the same nature; akin 类似的；同类的 ●n.  a person who is descended esp. by male line from the same male ancestor 男方亲属；父系后裔 □ agnatic  /-ˈnætik/ adj.  □ agnation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin agnatus, from ad AG- + (g)natus ‘born’]

Agnes /ˈægnis/   阿格尼丝 [人名]

agnolotti /ænjəˈlɒti/ n.  small pasta shapes containing meat stuffing 意大利肉饺 [Italian]

agnosia /əɡˈnəʊsiə/ n. Med.  the loss of the ability to interpret sensations 【医】辨识不能，失认 [modern Latin from Greek agnōsia ‘ignorance’]

agnostic /æɡˈnɒstik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who believes that nothing is known, or can be known, of the existence or nature of God or of anything beyond material phenomena 不可知论者 2  a person who is uncertain or non-committal about a certain thing (对某事)不确定(或不表态)者 ●adj.  of or relating to agnostics or agnosticism 不可知论的 □ agnosticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [A-1 + GNOSTIC]

Agnus Dei /ˈæɡnʊs ˈdeii:/ n.  1  a figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag, as an emblem of Christ 上帝的羔羊(耶稣的象征) 2  the part of the Roman Catholic Mass beginning with the words ‘Lamb of God’ (罗马天主教弥撒中)以“上帝的羔羊”一语开始的祈祷 [Latin, = Lamb of God]

ago /əˈɡəʊ/ adv.  earlier; before the present 以前，从前，在…前  ten years ago  十年前 long ago  很久以前 [Middle English (ago, agone), past part. of obsolete verb ago (as A-2, GO1)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the construction it is ten years ago that (not since) I saw them. 注意， it is ten years ago that I saw them (我是在 10 年前见到他们)句中的 that 不能代以 since 。 

agog /əˈɡɒɡ/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  eagerly, expectantly 热切地，渴望地 ●predic. adj.  eager, expectant 热切的，渴望的 [French en gogues, from en ‘in’ + pl. of gogue ‘fun’]

agogic /əˈɡɒdʒik/ adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj.  designating or relating to an accent effected by lengthening the time value of a note 延长重音的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the use of agogic accents; the deliberate modification of time values in a musical performance 采用延长重音法；演奏中的有意改变音符长度 [German agogisch, from Greek agogos ‘leading’]

agonic line /əˈɡɒnik/ n.  a line passing through both the north pole and the north magnetic pole and joining places at which a compass needle points to true north (i.e. without declination) 无偏磁线，零磁偏线(一条通过北极点以及北磁极的线，指南针在这条线上指向绝对北极，没有偏差) [Greek agōn(i)os, from a- A-1 + gonia ‘angle’ + -IC]

agonist /ˈæɡənist/ n.  1 Physiol.  a muscle whose contraction moves a part directly 【生理】主动肌，主缩肌 2 Biochem.  a substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor 【生化】促进剂，兴奋剂 3  = PROTAGONIST 1, 2  [Greek agōnistēs ‘contestant’, from agōn ‘contest’]

agonistic /æɡəˈnistik/ adj.  1  polemical, combative 论战的；好争议的 2 Zool. (of animal behaviour) associated with conflict 【动】(指动物行为)好斗的 3 Biochem.  of or relating to an agonist; acting as an agonist 【生化】促效的，有促效作用的 □ agonistically  adv.   [Late Latin agonisticus from Greek agōnistikos, via agōnistēs ‘contestant’ from agōn ‘contest’]

agonize /ˈæɡənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  undergo (esp. mental) anguish; suffer agony 感到痛苦(尤指精神上的)；忍受痛苦 2 tr.  cause agony to 使痛苦 3 tr. (as 作 agonized adj.)  expressing agony 痛苦的  an agonized look  痛苦的样子 4 intr.  struggle, contend 苦斗，抗争 □ agonizingly  adv.   [French agoniser or Late Latin agonizare from Greek agōnizomai ‘contend’, from agōn ‘contest’]

agony /ˈæɡəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  extreme mental or physical suffering 极度(精神或肉体)痛苦，剧痛；苦恼 2  a severe struggle 奋力抗争，拼争 [Middle English via Old French agonie or Late Latin from Greek agōnia, from agōn ‘contest’]

agony aunt n. (masc. agony uncle) Brit. colloq.  a person who answers letters in an agony column [英口]知音大姐(在排忧解困专栏里回信解答问题的人)

agony column n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a column in a newspaper or magazine offering personal advice to readers who write in (报刊杂志上的)排忧解困专栏 2  = PERSONAL COLUMN 

agoraphobe /ˈæɡ(ə)rəfəʊb/ n.  a person who suffers from agoraphobia 广场恐怖症(公共场所恐怖症)患人

agoraphobia /æɡ(ə)rəˈfəʊbiə/ n. Psychol.  an abnormal fear of open spaces or public places 【心】广场恐怖症；公共场所恐怖症 □ agoraphobic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek agora ‘place of assembly, market place’ + -PHOBIA]

agouti /əˈɡu:ti/ n. (also 亦作 aguti) (pl. -tis)  1  a burrowing rodent of the genus Dasyprocta or Myoprocta of Central and S. America, related to the guinea pig 刺豚鼠(中南美洲一种与实验用小鼠近亲的穴居啮齿目动物) 2  any animal whose fur has each hair banded dark and light 任何毛色呈深浅环纹的动物 [French agouti or Spanish aguti, from Tupi aguti]

AGR abbr.  advanced gas-cooled (nuclear) reactor [缩略]高级气冷式(核)反应堆

agrarian /əˈɡrɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the land or its cultivation 有关土地的；耕种的 2  relating to landed property 有关地产的，地产的 ●n.  a person who advocates a redistribution of landed property 鼓吹重新分配土地的人 [Latin agrarius, from ager agri ‘field’]

agree /əˈɡri:/ v. (agrees, agreed, agreeing)  1 intr.  hold a similar opinion 同意，意见一致  I agree with you about that  我同意你对此事的意见 they agreed that it would rain  他们都认为会下雨 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  consent 赞同，赞成  agreed to the arrangement  赞同所做的安排 agreed to go  同意前往 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  become or be in harmony 融合，和谐b  suit; be good for 适合；适宜  caviar didn't agree with him  鱼子酱不合他的胃口c Gram.  have the same number, gender, case, or person as 【语法】保持(人称、性、数、格的)一致 4 tr. Brit.  reach agreement about [英]商定，达成一致  agreed a price  达成一个价格 5 tr. Brit.  consent to or approve of (terms, a proposal, etc.) [英]同意，赞同(条款、建议等) 6 tr. Brit.  bring (things, esp. accounts) into harmony [英]使(尤指账目)一致；使和谐 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  decide by mutual consent 经一致同意后决定  agreed on a compromise  协商后同意妥协 □ agree to differ   leave a difference of opinion unresolved 同意保留不同意见□ be agreed   have reached the same opinion 达成一致意见 [Middle English from Old French agreer, ultimately from Latin gratus ‘pleasing’]

agreeable /əˈɡri:əb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  pleasing 令人愉快的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a person) willing to agree (人)欣然同意的，顺从的  was agreeable to going  同意前往 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  conformable 舒适的，舒服的 □ agreeableness  n.  □ agreeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French agreable, from agreer AGREE]

agreement /əˈɡri:m(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act of agreeing; the holding of the same opinion 同意；意见一致  reached agreement  达成协议 2  mutual understanding 相互理解 3  an arrangement between parties as to a course of action etc. (对行动方针等)协议，议定 4 Gram.  having the same number, gender, case, or person 【语法】(人称、性、数、格的)一致 5  mutual conformity of things; harmony 一致性；和谐，融洽 [Middle English from Old French (as AGREE)]

agribusiness /ˈæɡribiznis/ n.  1  agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principles, esp. using advanced technology (尤指采用先进技术严格按照商业化原则进行的)农业经营，农业生产 2  an organization engaged in this 农业经营单位 3  the group of industries dealing with the produce of, and services to, farming 综合农业企业 □ agribusinessman  /-ˈbiznismən/ n. (pl. -men)   [AGRICULTURE + BUSINESS]

agriculture /ˈæɡrikʌltʃə/ n.  the science or practice of cultivating the soil and rearing animals 农业；农学，农艺 □ agricultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ agriculturalist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)list/ n.  □ agriculturally  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)li/ adv.  □ agriculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [French agriculture or Latin agricultura, from ager agri ‘field’ + cultura CULTURE]

agrimony /ˈæɡriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  any perennial plant of the genus Agrimonia, esp. A. eupatoria with small yellow flowers 龙牙草(一种开黄色小花的常年生植物) [Middle English via Old French aigremoine from Latin agrimonia, alteration of argemonia, from Greek argemōnē ‘poppy’]

agro- /ˈæɡrəʊ/ comb. form  agricultural (agro-climatic 农业气侯 ; agro-ecological 农业生态学) [构词成分]表示“农业的” [Greek agros ‘field’]

agrochemical /æɡrəʊˈkemik(ə)l/ n.  a chemical used in agriculture 农业化学品，农业化肥

agroforestry /æɡrəʊˈfɒristri/ n.  agriculture incorporating the cultivation and conservation of trees 护林型农业

agronomy /əˈɡrɒnəmi/ n.  the science of soil management and crop production 农学，农艺学；土壤管理学 □ agronomic  /æɡrəˈnɒmik/ adj.  □ agronomical  /æɡrəˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  □ agronomically  /æɡrəˈnɒmik(ə)li/ adv.  □ agronomist  n.   [French agronomie from agronome ‘agriculturist’, from Greek agros ‘field’ + -nomos from nemō ‘arrange’]

aground /əˈɡraʊnd/ predic. adj. & adv. (of a ship) on or on to the bottom of shallow water (指轮船)搁浅的(地)  be aground  搁浅了 run aground  搁浅 [Middle English from A2 + GROUND1]

ague /ˈeiɡju:/ n.  1 hist.  a malarial fever, with cold, hot, and sweating stages [史义]疟疾 2  a shivering fit 寒颤，发抖 □ agued  adj.  □ aguish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin acuta (febris) ‘acute (fever)’]

aguti var.  of AGOUTI  AGOUTI 的变体

AH abbr.  in the year of the Hegira (AD 622); of the Muslim era [缩略]逃亡的那一年(穆罕默德从麦加流亡到麦地那，即公元 622 年)；穆斯林纪元 [Latin anno Hegirae]

ah /ɑ:/ int.  expressing surprise, pleasure, sudden realization, resignation, etc. 啊(感叹词，表示惊讶、高兴、突然明白、从命等) [Middle English from Old French a]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AHA. 见 AHA 的用法说明。 

aha /əˈhɑ:, ɑ:ˈhɑ:/ int.  expressing surprise, triumph, mockery, irony, etc. 啊哈(表示吃惊、成功、嘲笑、讽刺等) [Middle English from AH + HA1]■Usage 用法说明 As with many exclamations, sense depends much on intonation. 同其他感叹词一样，其含义很大程度取决于不同的语调。 

ahead /əˈhed/ adv.  1  further forward in space or time 向前，提前 2  in the lead; further advanced 领先，占先  ahead on points  比分领先 3  in the line of one's forward motion 在前行路线上，前方  roadworks ahead  前方道路施工 4  straight forwards 正前方 □ ahead of   1  further forward or advanced than 在…前面，超过 2  in the line of the forward motion of 在前行路线上，前方 [originally nautical, from A2 + HEAD]

ahem /əˈhem/ (not usu. clearly articulated 发音通常不清晰) int.  used to attract attention, gain time, or express disapproval 呃哼(表示引起注意、停顿或不同意) [lengthened form of HEM2]

ahimsa /əˈhimsɑ:/ n. (in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist tradition) respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others both in thought and deed (印度教、佛教、耆那教的)不杀生；在思想和行为上避免与他人发生暴力冲突 [Sanskrit, from a ‘without’ + himsa ‘injury’]

ahoy /əˈhɔi/ int. Naut.  a call used in hailing 【海】喂(打招呼用词) [AH + HOY1]

AI abbr. [缩略]  1  artificial insemination  2  artificial intelligence 

ai /ˈɑ:i/ n. (pl. ais)  the three-toed sloth of S. America, of the genus Bradypus (南美洲的)三趾树獭 [Tupi ai, representing its cry]

AID abbr.  artificial insemination by donor [缩略]通过捐赠者人工授精，非配偶人工授精

aid /eid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  help 帮助，协助 2  financial or material help, esp. given by one country to another (尤指一国对另一国的)资助；物质援助 3  a material source of help 辅助用具  teaching aid  教学辅助用具 4  a person or thing that helps 协助者，助手；辅助物 5 (as second element in comb. 接在其他词后) esp. Brit.  denoting an organization or event that raises money for charity [尤英] (为慈善业)出资团体，赞助活动  Band Aid  乐队赞助单位 6 hist.  a grant of subsidy or tax to a king [史义] (给国王的)补贴；税款 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in + gerund)  help 帮助，协助 2  promote or encourage 改善，促进  sleep will aid recovery  睡眠将有助于恢复 □ in aid of  Brit.  in support of [英]支持，帮助□ what's this (or all this) in aid of?  Brit. colloq.  what is the purpose of this? [英口]这有什么用处？ [Middle English from Old French aïde (n.), aïdier (v.), ultimately from Latin adjuvare (as AD-, juvare jut- ‘help’)]

aide /eid/ n.  1  an aide-de-camp 副官，侍从武官 2  an assistant 助手 [abbreviation]

aide-de-camp /eiddəˈkɒ˜/ n. (pl. aides-de-camp pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an officer acting as a confidential assistant to a senior officer 副官，侍从武官 [French, = camp adjutant]

aide-mémoire /ˌeidmemˈwɑ:/ n. (pl. aides-mémoires or aides-mémoire pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a  an aid to the memory 助记器，帮助记忆装置b  a book or document meant to aid the memory 起帮助记忆作用的书或资料 2 Diplomacy  a memorandum 【外交】备忘录 [French, from aider ‘to help’ + mémoire ‘memory’]

Aids /eidz/ n. (also 亦作 AIDS)  acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a condition caused by a virus transmitted in the body fluids, marked by severe loss of resistance to infection and so ultimately fatal 获得性免疫缺陷综合征，艾滋病 [acronym]

Aids-related complex n.  the symptoms of a person who is affected with the Aids virus but does not necessarily develop the disease 艾滋病相关性综合征

aigrette /ˈeiɡret, eiˈɡret/ n.  1  a white plume from an egret 白鹭毛，冠毛 2  a tuft of feathers or hair 一撮羽毛；一撮毛 3  a spray of gems or similar ornament (装饰用)鹭毛；羽饰 [French: see EGRET]

aiguille /ˈeiɡwi:l/ n.  a sharp peak of rock, esp. in the Alps (尤指阿尔卑斯山的)针状石峰，尖峰 [French: see AGLET]

aiguillette /eiɡwiˈlet/ n.  a tagged point hanging from the shoulder on the breast of some uniforms (某些军装上的)肩带 [French: see AGLET]

AIH abbr.  artificial insemination by husband [缩略]通过丈夫人工授精，配偶人工授精

aikido /aiˈki:dəʊ/ n.  a Japanese form of self-defence and martial art, using locks, holds, throws, and the opponent's own movements 合气道(日本的一种自卫防身武术) [Japanese, from ai ‘together, unify’ + ki ‘spirit’ + dō ‘way’]

ail /eil/ v.  1 tr. (only in 3rd person interrog. or indefinite constructions 仅用于第三人称疑问句或不定式结构) archaic  trouble or afflict in mind or body [古义]使痛苦；使苦恼  what ails him?  什么使他苦恼？ 2 intr. (usu. 通常作 be ailing)  be ill 患病，生病 [Old English egl(i)an, from egle ‘troublesome’]

ailanthus /eiˈlænθəs/ n.  a tall deciduous tree of the genus Ailanthus, native to Asia and Australasia, esp. the tree of heaven, A. altissima 臭椿(原产亚洲和澳大拉西亚) [modern Latin, via French ailante from Amboinese aylanto: ending influenced by -anthus = Greek anthos ‘flower’]

Aileen /ˈeili:n/   艾琳 [人名]

aileron /ˈeilərɒn/ n.  a hinged surface in the trailing edge of an aeroplane wing, used to control lateral balance (飞机的)副翼 [French, diminutive of aile ‘wing’, from Latin ala]

ailing /ˈeiliŋ/ adj.  1  ill, esp. chronically 有病的，患病的(尤指慢性病) 2  in poor condition 处境糟糕的；困境中的

ailment /ˈeilm(ə)nt/ n.  an illness, esp. a minor one 疾病(尤指小病)

aim /eim/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at + verbal noun, or to + infin.)  intend or try 打算，试图  aim at winning  志在必得 aim to win  志在取胜 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  direct or point (a weapon, remark, etc.) (武器、言论等)指向，对准 3 intr.  take aim 瞄准 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, for)  seek to attain or achieve 寻求，企图得到 ●n.  1  a purpose or design; an object aimed at 目的；对象 2  the directing of a weapon, missile, etc., at an object (枪炮、导弹等的)目标 □ take aim   direct a weapon etc. at an object 瞄准 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin aestimare ‘reckon’]

aimless /ˈeimlis/ adj.  without aim or purpose 漫无目的的，没有目标的 □ aimlessly  adv.  □ aimlessness  n.  

ain't /eint/ contr. colloq. [缩合] [口]  1  am not; are not; is not  you ain't doing it right  你做得不对 she ain't nice  她不好  2  has not; have not 没有，未曾  we ain't seen him  我们没有看到他 [contraction of are not]■Usage 用法说明 Ain't is usually regarded as an uneducated use, and unacceptable in spoken and written English, except in representations of dialect speech. 通常 ain't 被视为文化不高的用语，除有意模仿方言等之外，应避免在口、笔语中使用。 

aioli /aiˈəʊli/ n. (also 亦作 aïoli)  mayonnaise seasoned with garlic 蒜泥蛋黄酱 [French, from Provençal ai ‘garlic’ + oli ‘oil’]

air /ɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen 气，空气 2  a  the earth's atmosphere 大气，大气层b  the free or unconfined space in the atmosphere 空中，空间  birds of the air  空中的鸟 in the open air  在露天里c  the atmosphere as a place where aircraft operate or as a medium for transmitting radio waves (作为飞机飞行或电波传送载体的)天空，空中 3  a  a distinctive impression or characteristic 架势，样子  an air of absurdity  很荒诞的样子b  one's manner or bearing, esp. a confident one (尤指自信的)态度，姿态  with a triumphant air  带着胜利的表情 does things with an air  很有信心地做事c (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an affected manner; pretentiousness 假装，自命不凡  gave himself airs  装模作样 4 Mus.  a tune or melody; a melodious composition 【音】曲调；旋律 5  a breeze or light wind 微风，轻风 ●v. tr.  1 Brit.  warm (washed laundry) to remove damp, esp. at a fire or in a heated cupboard [英]晾晒；烘干(尤指将洗净的衣物放在火边或加热柜中) 2  expose (a room etc.) to the open air; ventilate 使(房间等)空气流通；通风 3  express publicly (an opinion, grievance, etc.) 发表，公开(意见、冤情等) 4  parade; show ostentatiously (esp. qualities) 显示，展示(品质等) 5 refl.  go out in the fresh air 到户外，到户外空气新鲜的地方 □ airs and graces   affected elegance designed to attract or impress 装模作样以吸引他人□ by air   by aircraft; in an aircraft 乘飞机，空中旅行□ in the air  (of opinions or feelings) prevalent; gaining currency (看法、观念等)普遍的，流行的□ on (or off) the air   in (or not in) the process of broadcasting 正在(或停止)广播□ take the air   go out of doors 到户外去□ tread (or walk) on air   feel elated 洋洋得意□ up in the air  (of projects etc.) uncertain; not decided (工程项目等)尚不确定的，未定的 [Middle English via French and Latin from Greek aēr]

air bag n.  a safety device that fills with air or nitrogen on impact to protect the occupants of a vehicle in a collision (汽车等的)安全气囊

airbase /ˈɛəbeis/ n.  a base for the operation of military aircraft 空军基地

air-bed n. Brit.  an inflatable mattress [英]充气床

air bladder n.  a bladder or sac filled with air in fish or some plants (cf. 参见 SWIM-BLADDER) (鱼或某些植物的)鳔，气囊

airborne /ˈɛəbɔ:n/ adj.  1  transported by air 空运的，空降的 2 (of aircraft) in the air after taking off (飞机等起飞后)在空中的，升空的

air brake n.  1  a brake worked by air pressure 气闸，风闸 2  a movable flap or other device on an aircraft to reduce its speed (飞行器的)减速装置，空气动力减速装置(副翼等)

airbrick /ˈɛəbrik/ n. Brit.  a brick perforated with small holes for ventilation [英] (内里布满小孔可以通气的)空心砖

air bridge n. Brit.  a portable bridge or walkway put against an aircraft door [英] (可置于飞机舱门外的)活动舷梯，活动桥

airbrush /ˈɛəbrʌʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  an artist's device for spraying paint by means of compressed air 油漆喷雾器，喷枪 ●v. tr.  paint or paint over with an airbrush esp. for the purpose of enhancement 喷漆于…之上；用喷枪喷

Airbus /ˈɛəbʌs/ n. propr.  an aircraft designed to carry a large number of passengers economically, esp. over relatively short routes [商标] (搭载旅客多而经济、行程比较短的)空中客车

Air Chief Marshal n.  an RAF officer of high rank, below Marshal of the RAF and above Air Marshal (皇家空军军衔)空军上将

Air Commodore n.  an RAF officer next above Group Captain (皇家空军军衔)空军准将

air-conditioning n.  1  a system for regulating the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle 空气调节，空调 2  the apparatus for this 空气调节装置，空调器 □ air-conditioned  adj.  □ air-conditioner  n.  

air-cooled adj.  cooled by means of a current of air 气冷的，风冷的

air corridor n.  = CORRIDOR 4 

aircraft /ˈɛəkrɑ:ft/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a machine capable of flight, esp. an aeroplane or helicopter 飞行器(尤指飞机或直升机)

aircraft carrier n.  a warship that carries and serves as a base for aeroplanes 航空母舰

aircraftman /ˈɛəkrɑ:ftmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. aircraftwoman /ˈɛəkrɑ:ftˌwʊmən/, pl. -women)  the lowest rank in the RAF (皇家空军的)空军士兵，空军新兵

aircrew /ˈɛəkru:/ n.  1  the crew manning an aircraft 飞行机组 2 (pl. same 单复同)  a member of such a crew 机组人员

air cushion n.  1  an inflatable cushion 气垫 2  the layer of air supporting a hovercraft or similar vehicle (托起气垫式飞行器或类似运输工具的)气垫

airdrop /ˈɛədrɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  the act or an instance of dropping supplies, troops, etc. by parachute 空投，伞降 ●v. tr. (-dropped, -dropping)  drop (supplies etc.) by parachute 用降落伞空投(供给品等)

Airedale /ˈɛədeil/ n.  1  a large terrier of a rough-coated breed 艾尔谷猎狗(一种大型硬毛狗) 2  this breed 艾尔谷猎狗种群 [Airedale, a district in Yorkshire]

airer /ˈɛərə/ n. Brit.  a frame or stand for airing or drying clothes etc. [英]晾衣架

airfield /ˈɛəfi:ld/ n.  an area of land where aircraft take off and land, are maintained, etc. 飞机场

airflow /ˈɛəfləʊ/ n.  the flow of air, esp. that encountered by a moving aircraft or vehicle 气流(尤指移动的飞行器或汽车遇到的气流)

airfoil /ˈɛəfɔil/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AEROFOIL  [AIR + FOIL2]

air force n.  a branch of the armed forces concerned with fighting or defence in the air 空军，空军部队

airframe /ˈɛəfreim/ n.  the body of an aircraft as distinct from its engine(s) (以别于引擎的)飞机机身

airglow /ˈɛəɡləʊ/ n.  radiation from the upper atmosphere, detectable at night 气辉(上层大气的辐射，夜间可以看到)

airgun /ˈɛəɡʌn/ n.  a gun using compressed air to propel pellets 气枪

airhead /ˈɛəhed/ n.  1 Mil.  a forward base for aircraft in enemy territory 【军】(在敌军境内建立的)空降场 2 slang  a silly or foolish person [俚语]傻瓜，蠢才 [sense 1 on the pattern of bridgehead]

air hostess n. Brit.  a stewardess in a passenger aircraft [英]空中小姐

airing /ˈɛəriŋ/ n.  1  exposure to fresh air, esp. for exercise or an excursion 户外散步；兜风 2 Brit.  exposure (of laundry etc.) to warm air [英]晾晒；通风 3  public expression of an opinion etc. (意见等的)公开发表；公诸于众  the idea will get an airing at tomorrow's meeting  这一想法将在明天的会议上公诸于众

air lane n.  a path or course regularly used by aircraft (cf. 参见 LANE 4) (飞机的)常规航线

airless /ˈɛəlis/ adj.  1  stuffy; not ventilated 窒息的；不通风的 2  without wind or breeze; still 没有风的；平静的 □ airlessness  n.  

air letter n.  a sheet of light paper forming a letter for sending by airmail (单页纸折叠的)航空信

airlift /ˈɛəlift/ n. & v. ●n.  the transport of troops and supplies by air, esp. in a blockade or other emergency (尤指在封锁或其他紧急情况下的)空运 ●v. tr.  transport in this way 空运

airline /ˈɛəlain/ n.  1  an organization providing a regular public service of air transport on one or more routes 航空公司 2  a pipe supplying air, esp. to a diver (尤指潜水员的)空气输送管

airliner /ˈɛəlainə/ n.  a large passenger aircraft 大型客机，班机

airlock /ˈɛəlɒk/ n.  1  a stoppage of the flow in a pump or pipe, caused by an air bubble (水泵或管道里因气泡而造成的)气塞，气阻 2  a compartment with controlled pressure and parallel sets of doors, to permit movement between areas at different pressures 压力差隔离室，密封舱

airmail /ˈɛəmeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a system of transporting mail by air 航空邮政 2  mail carried by air 航空邮件 ●v. tr.  send by airmail 航空邮寄

airman /ˈɛəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft, esp. in an air force 飞行员；空军 2  a member of the RAF below commissioned rank (低于现役军衔的)皇家空军士兵

Air Marshal n.  an RAF officer of high rank, below Air Chief Marshal and above Air Vice-Marshal (皇家空军军衔)空军中将

air mattress n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AIR-BED 

air mile n.  1  a nautical mile used as a measure of distance flown by aircraft (表示飞行距离的)空英里 2 (作 Air Miles) pl. propr.  points (equivalent to miles of free air travel) accumulated by buyers of airline tickets and other products [商标] (旅客因购买机票或其他物品而积累的)航空旅行里程积分(相当于免费旅行里数)

airmiss /ˈɛəmis/ n. Brit.  a circumstance in which two or more aircraft in flight on different routes are less than a prescribed distance apart [英] (因两架或两架以上飞机飞行距离小于规定要求而)险些发生的撞机事故

airmobile /ɛəˈməʊbail/ adj. (of troops) that can be moved about by air (部队)可空运的

Air Officer n.  any RAF officer above the rank of Group Captain (皇家空军军衔)空军将级军官

airplane /ˈɛəplein/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AEROPLANE 

air plant n.  a plant growing naturally without soil 没有土壤而自然生长的附生植物

airplay /ˈɛəplei/ n.  broadcasting (of recorded music) (唱片音乐的)广播，播放

air pocket n.  1  a cavity containing air 气穴，风洞 2  a region of low pressure etc. causing an aircraft to lose height suddenly (使飞机骤然降低高度的)气阱

airport /ˈɛəpɔ:t/ n.  a complex of runways and buildings for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of civil aircraft, with facilities for passengers 机场，航空港

air power n.  the ability to defend and attack by means of aircraft, missiles, etc. 空中(打击)力量；空军实力

air pump n.  a device for pumping air into or out of an enclosed space 气泵，打气筒

air raid n.  an attack by aircraft 空中打击，空袭

air rifle n.  a rifle using compressed air to propel pellets 气枪

air sac n.  an extension of the lungs in birds or of the tracheae in insects (某些鸟类、昆虫的)气囊

airscrew /ˈɛəskru:/ n. Brit.  an aircraft propeller [英] (飞机的)螺旋桨

air-sea rescue n.  rescue from the sea by aircraft 海上空中救援

airship /ˈɛəʃip/ n.  a power-driven aircraft that is lighter than air 飞艇，飞船

air show n.  a show at which aircraft are on view and perform aerial displays 飞行表演

airsick /ˈɛəsik/ adj.  affected with nausea due to travel in an aircraft 晕机的 □ airsickness  n.  

airside /ˈɛəsaid/ n.  the side of an airport terminal from which aircraft can be observed; the area beyond passport and customs control (opp. 反义 LANDSIDE) (可以观察飞机的)航站大楼外侧区；(护照和海关检查以外的)机场区

airspace /ˈɛəspeis/ n.  the air available to aircraft to fly in, esp. the part subject to the jurisdiction of a particular country (尤指属于某一国的)空域，领空

air speed n.  the speed of an aircraft relative to the air through which it is moving 飞行速度，空速

airstream /ˈɛəstri:m/ n.  1  a current of air 气流 2  = AIRFLOW 

airstrip /ˈɛəstrip/ n.  a strip of ground suitable for the take-off and landing of aircraft 简易机场，小型机场

air terminal n.  1 Brit.  an airline office in a town to which passengers report and which serves as a base for transport to and from an airport [英] (设在城里的)航空服务点，航空客运站 2  = TERMINALn. 3 

airtight /ˈɛətait/ adj.  not allowing air to pass through 密闭的，不透气的

airtime /ˈɛətaim/ n.  time allotted for a broadcast 广播时间，播出时间

air-to-air attrib. adj.  from one aircraft to another in flight 从飞机到飞机的，空对空的  air-to-air refuelling  空中加油 air-to-air missile  空对空导弹

air traffic control n.  the control of air traffic by giving radio instructions to pilots concerning route, altitude, take-off, and landing 空中交通控制 □ air traffic controller  n.  

Air Vice-Marshal n.  an RAF officer of high rank, just below Air Marshal (皇家空军军衔)空军少将

airwaves /ˈɛəweivz/ n. pl.  radio waves used in broadcasting 无线电电波

airway /ˈɛəwei/ n.  1  a natural or artificial passage by which air reaches the lungs (自然或人造)呼吸道；导气管 2  a  a recognized route followed by aircraft 空中航线，航路b (often in pl. 常用复数)  = AIRLINE 1  3  a ventilating passage in a mine (矿井的)通风道

airwoman /ˈɛəwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a woman pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft, esp. in an air force (尤指军队的)女飞行员；女乘务员 2  a female member of the RAF below commissioned rank (低于现役军衔的)皇家空军女兵

airworthy /ˈɛəwɜ:ði/ adj. (of an aircraft) fit to fly (指飞行器)适航的，飞行性能好的 □ airworthiness  n.  

airy /ˈɛəri/ adj. (airier, airiest)  1  well-ventilated, breezy 通风条件好的；有微风的 2  flippant, superficial 轻率的；肤浅的 3  a  light as air 轻的；空气般的b  graceful, delicate 轻盈的；优美的 4  insubstantial, ethereal, immaterial 非实质的；缥缈的；无形的 □ airily  adv.  □ airiness  n.  

airy-fairy adj. colloq.  unrealistic, impractical, foolishly idealistic [口]不实际的；荒唐的；空想的

aisle /ail/ n.  1  part of a church, esp. one parallel to and divided by pillars from the nave, choir, or transept (教堂里尤指将中殿、唱诗班和外廊分开的)走廊，过道 2  a  a passage between rows of pews, seats, etc. (数排座位、排椅之间的)过道，通道b  a passage between abinets and shelves of goods in a supermarket etc. (超级市场货架之间的)过道，走道 □ aisled  adj.   [Middle English ele, ile via Old French ele from Latin ala ‘wing’: spelling influenced by confusion with isle and French aile ‘wing’]

ait /eit/ n. (also 亦作 eyot) Brit.  a small island, esp. in a river [英] (尤指河中的)小岛 [Old English iggath etc., from īeg ISLAND + diminutive suffix]

aitch /eitʃ/ n.  the name of the letter H 字母 H 的名称 □ drop one's aitches   fail to pronounce the initial h in words 漏发词首的 h 音 [Old French ache]

aitchbone /ˈeitʃbəʊn/ n.  1  the buttock or rump bone of cattle (牛)臀部；(牛)臀骨 2  a cut of beef lying over this 牛臀肉 [Middle English nage-, nache-bone ‘buttock’, ultimately from Latin natis, -es ‘buttock(s)’: for loss of n cf. ADDER]

ajar1 /əˈdʒɑ:/ adv. & predic. adj. (of a door) slightly open (指门)半开的，虚掩的 [A2 + obsolete char from Old English cerr ‘a turn’]

ajar2 /əˈdʒɑ:/ adv.  out of harmony 不和谐地；不一致地 [A2 + JAR2]

AK abbr. US  Alaska (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]阿拉斯加州(正式邮政用语)

aka abbr.  also known as [缩略]亦称作

akee var.  of ACKEE  ACKEE 的变体

Akela /ɑ:ˈkeilə/ n. colloq.  the adult leader of a group of Cub Scouts, officially termed Cub Scout Leader [口]童子军的成人队长(正式称呼为 Cub Scout Leader) [name of the leader of a wolf pack in Kipling's Jungle Book (1894 － 5)]

akimbo /əˈkimbəʊ/ adv. (of the arms) with hands on the hips and elbows turned outwards 双手叉腰 [Middle English in kenebowe, probably from Old Norse]

akin /əˈkin/ predic. adj.  1  related by blood 同族的，同宗的，有血亲关系的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  of similar or kindred character 类似的；性情相同的 [A-4 + KIN]

Akkadian /əˈkeidiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Accadian) hist. [史义] ●adj.  of or relating to Akkad in ancient Babylonia or its language (有关古巴比仑帝国)阿卡德的；阿卡德语的 ●n.  1  the Semitic language of Akkad (闪语族的)阿卡德语 2  an inhabitant of Akkad 阿卡德人，阿卡德居民

akvavit var.  of AQUAVIT  AQUAVIT 的变体

AL abbr. US  Alabama (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]阿拉巴马州(正式邮政用语)

Al symb. Chem.  the element aluminium [符]【化】(化学元素)铝

al- /æl/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before -l (位于 l 前) -AD 的同化形式

-al /əl/ suffix  1  forming adjectives meaning ‘relating to, of the kind of’ 构成形容词，意为“与…有关”；“…类的” :a  from Latin or Greek words (central 中央的 ; regimental 军团的 ; colossal 巨大的 ; tropical 热带的) (cf. 参见 -IAL, -ICAL) 拉丁或希腊词根b  from English nouns (tidal 潮汐的) 英语名词词根 2  forming nouns, esp. of verbal action (animal 动物 ; rival 竞争对手 ; arrival 到达 ; proposal 建议 ; trial 试验) 构成(动作)名词 [sense 1 from French -el or Latin -alis, adjectival suffix related to -aris (-AR1); sense 2 from French -aille or from (or influenced by) Latin -alis used as a noun]

Ala. abbr.  Alabama [缩略] (美)阿拉巴马州

alabaster /ˈæləbɑ:stə, -bæstə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a translucent usu. white form of gypsum, often carved into ornaments 雪花石膏 ●adj.  1  of alabaster 雪花石膏的 2  like alabaster in whiteness or smoothness 像雪花石膏的，光滑白润的 □ alabastrine  /-ˈbɑ:strin, -ˈbæstrin, -ain/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French alabastre from Latin alabaster, -trum, from Greek alabast(r)os]

alack /əˈlæk/ int. (also 亦作 alack-a-day) archaic  an expression of regret or surprise [古义]哀哉，呜呼 [probably from AH + LACK]

alacrity /əˈlækriti/ n.  briskness or cheerful readiness 敏捷；欣然，乐意 [Latin alacritas, from alacer ‘brisk’]

Aladdin's cave /əˈlædinz/ n.  a place of great riches 阿拉丁的山洞(喻指藏有大量财富之地) [Aladdin in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, a collection of oriental folk tales]

Aladdin's lamp /əˈlædinz/ n.  a talisman enabling its holder to gratify any wish 阿拉丁的神灯(喻指能满足持有人任何愿望的法宝)

Alan /ˈælən/   艾伦 [人名]

alanine /ˈæləni:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophobic amino acid present in proteins 【生化】(蛋白质中存在的)丙氨酸 [German Alanin]

Alar /ˈeilɑ:/ n. propr.  a growth retardant sprayed on fruit and vegetables to enhance the quality of the crop [商标]艾拉阻化剂(一种生长延迟剂，喷洒在果蔬上以提高其质量) [20th c.: origin unknown]

alar /ˈeilə/ adj.  1  relating to wings 翼的，翅膀的 2  winglike or wing-shaped 像翅膀的，翼形的 3  axillary 腋窝的；腋生的 [Latin alaris, from ala ‘wing’]

alarm /əˈlɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a warning of danger etc. 警报，警告  gave the alarm  发出警报 2  a  a warning sound or device 报警声；报警器  the burglar alarm was set off accidentally  防盗报警器被偶然地碰响了b  = ALARM CLOCK  3  frightened expectation of danger or difficulty 惊慌，慌乱  were filled with alarm  惊慌失措 ●v. tr.  1  frighten or disturb 使惊恐；使担忧；打扰 2  arouse to a sense of danger 使警觉，使警惕 [Middle English via Old French alarme from Italian allarme, from all'arme! ‘to arms’]

alarm clock n.  a clock with a device that can be made to sound at the time set in advance 闹钟

alarming /əˈlɑ:miŋ/ adj.  disturbing, frightening 令人担忧的；吓人的 □ alarmingly  adv.  

alarmist /əˈlɑ:mist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person given to spreading needless alarm 大惊小怪的人，危言耸听的人 ●adj.  creating needless alarm 大惊小怪的，无端惊慌的 □ alarmism  n.  

alarum /əˈlɑ:rəm/ n. archaic [古义]  = ALARM  □ alarums and excursions  joc.  confused noise and bustle [诙]哗然；忙乱；喧闹

Alas- /ˈælistə(r)/   阿利斯泰尔 [人名]

Alas. abbr.  Alaska [缩略]阿拉斯加

alas /əˈlæs, əˈlɑ:s/ int.  an expression of grief, pity, or concern 唉(叹息声) [Middle English from Old French a las(se), from a ‘ah’ + las(se) from Latin lassus ‘weary’]

alate /ˈeileit/ adj.  having wings or winglike appendages 有翼的；有翼状物的 [Latin alatus, from ala ‘wing’]

alb /ælb/ n.  a white vestment reaching to the feet, worn by clergy and servers in some Christian Churches (牧师和神职人员穿的)白长袍 [Old English albe from ecclesiastical Latin alba, fem. of Latin albus ‘white’]

albacore /ˈælbəkɔ:/ n.  1  a long-finned tunny, Thunnus alalunga ; also called 亦称作 germon 青花鱼 2  any of various other related fish 青花鱼科的鱼类 [Portuguese albacor, -cora, from Arabic al ‘the’ + bakr ‘young camel’ or bakūr ‘premature, precocious’]

Albania   阿尔巴尼亚

Albanian /ælˈbeiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Albania in SE Europe 阿尔巴尼亚人，阿尔巴尼亚国民b  a person of Albanian descent 阿尔巴尼亚血统的人 2  the language of Albania 阿尔巴尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Albania, its people, or its language 阿尔巴尼亚(人或语)的

albatross /ˈælbətrɒs/ n.  1  a  any long-winged stout-bodied bird of the family Diomedeidae related to petrels, inhabiting the Pacific and Southern Oceans 信天翁b  a source of frustration or guilt; an encumbrance (in allusion to Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner) 沉重的负担，无法摆脱的苦恼(语出英国诗人柯尔律治的《古舟子咏》) 2 Brit. Golf  a score of three strokes under par at any hole [英]【高尔夫球】低于标准杆 3 杆入洞 [alteration (influenced by Latin albus ‘white’) of 17th-c. alcatras, applied to various seabirds including the pelican, from Spanish and Portuguese alcatraz, from Arabic alkɑˉdūs ‘the pitcher’ (probably from the belief that the pelican carried water in its bill)]

albedo /ælˈbi:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the proportion of light or radiation reflected by a surface, esp. of a planet or moon (尤指植物或月亮对光的)反照率，反射率 [ecclesiastical Latin, = whiteness, from Latin albus ‘white’]

albeit /ɔ:lˈbi:it/ conj.  though 尽管，虽然  he tried, albeit without success  虽说没有成功，但他尝试过了 [ALL adv. + BE + IT1 pron., = although it be (that)]

Albert /ˈælbət/   艾伯特 [人名]

albert /ˈælbət/ n. Brit.  a watch-chain with a bar at one end for attaching to a buttonhole [英] (一端拴在衣扣眼上的)表链 [named after Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria, d. 1861]

albescent /ælˈbes(ə)nt/ adj.  growing or shading into white 正在变白的；漂白的 [Latin albescere albescent-, from albus ‘white’]

Albigenses /ælbiˈɡensi:z, -ˈdʒen-/ n. pl.  the members of a heretic sect in southern France in the 12th － 13th c. 阿尔比教派成员 (12 至 13 世纪法国南部的一个异教教派) □ Albigensian  adj.   [Latin, from Albi in S. France]

albino /ælˈbi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a person or animal having a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair (which are white), and the eyes (which are usu. pink) 白化病患者；患白化症的动物 2  a plant lacking normal colouring 白化症植物 □ albinism  /ˈælbiniz(ə)m/ n.  □ albinotic  /ælbiˈnɒtik/ adj.   [Spanish & Portuguese (originally of albinos among African blacks), from Latin albo from albus ‘white’ + -ino = -INE1]

Albion /ˈælbiən/ n. (also 亦作 perfidious Albion)  Britain or England 阿尔比恩(指不列颠或英格兰) [Old English via Latin from Celtic, probably related to Latin albus ‘white’, with reference to the white cliffs of Dover: French la perfide Albion with reference to alleged treachery to other nations]

albite /ˈælbait/ n. Mineral.  a feldspar, usu. white, rich in sodium 【矿】钠长石 [Latin albus ‘white’ + -ITE1]

album /ˈælbəm/ n.  1  a blank book for the insertion of photographs, stamps, etc. 影册，相册；集邮册 2  a  a long-playing gramophone record 密纹唱片b  a set of recordings issued together 成套录音材料 [Latin, = a blank tablet, neut. of albus ‘white’]

albumen /ˈælbjʊmin/ n.  1  egg white 蛋白 2 Bot.  the substance found between the skin and germ of many seeds, usu. the edible part = ENDOSPERM 【植】 [Latin albumen -minis ‘white of egg’, from albus ‘white’]

albumin /ˈælbjʊmin/ n.  any of a class of water-soluble proteins found in egg white, milk, blood, etc. 清蛋白，蛋白素 □ albuminous  /ælˈbju:minəs/ adj.   [French albumine from Latin albumin-: see ALBUMEN]

albuminoid /ælˈbju:minɔid/ n.  = SCLEROPROTEIN 

albuminuria /ˌælbjʊmiˈnjʊəriə/ n.  the presence of albumin in the urine, usu. a symptom of kidney disease 蛋白尿(指尿液中有清蛋白，通常是肾脏有病的征兆)

alburnum /ælˈbɜ:nəm/ n.  = SAPWOOD  [Latin, from albus ‘white’]

alcahest var.  of ALKAHEST  ALKAHEST 的变体

alcaic /ælˈkeiik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the verse metre invented by Alcaeus, lyric poet of Mytilene c. 600 BC, occurring in four-line stanzas 阿尔卡乌斯(公元前 600 年左右古希腊抒情诗人)四行诗的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  alcaic verses 阿尔卡乌斯四行诗 [Late Latin alcaicus from Greek alkaikos, from Alkaios ‘Alcaeus’]

alcalde /ælˈkældi/ n.  a magistrate or mayor in a Spanish, Portuguese, or Latin American town (西班牙、葡萄牙或拉丁美洲的)市长；镇长 [Spanish from Arabic al-kɑˉdī ‘the judge’: see CADI]

alchemy /ˈælkimi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the medieval forerunner of chemistry, esp. seeking to turn base metals into gold or silver 炼金术；炼丹术 2  a miraculous transformation or the means of achieving this (改变事物的)魔力，神奇力量 □ alchemic  /ælˈkemik/ adj.  □ alchemical  /ælˈkemik(ə)l/ adj.  □ alchemist  n.  □ alchemize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French alkemie, alkamie and medieval Latin alchimia, -emia from Arabic alkīmiyɑˉ', from al ‘the’ + kīmiyɑˉ' from Greek khēmia, -meia ‘art of transmuting metals’]

alcheringa /æltʃəˈriŋɡə/ n. (in the mythology of some Australian Aboriginals) the ‘golden age’ when the first ancestors were created (澳大利亚土著神话中最早祖先出世时的)“黄金时代” [Aranda aljerre-nge ‘in the dreamtime’]

alcid /ˈælsid/ n.  a bird of the auk family, Alcidae 海雀科鸟类 [modern Latin Alcidae from genus name Alca: cf. AUK]

alcohol /ˈælkəhɒl/ n.  1 (in full 全称 ethyl alcohol)  a colourless volatile inflammable liquid forming the intoxicating element in wine, beer, spirits, etc., and also used as a solvent, as fuel, etc. ; also called 亦称作 ethanol. Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H5OH 乙醇，酒精 2  drink containing this 含酒精的饮料  had always enjoyed food and alcohol  一向喜欢吃喝 3 Chem.  any of a large class of organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to carbon atoms 【化】醇 [earlier applied to powders, specifically kohl, and esp. those obtained by sublimation; hence, a distilled or rectified spirit: French or medieval Latin from Arabic al-kuhl, from al ‘the’ + kuhl KOHL]

alcohol-free adj.  1  not containing alcohol 不含酒精的 2  where, or during which, alcoholic drinks are not consumed 不喝酒的，无酒的

alcoholic /ælkəˈhɒlik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, containing, or caused by alcohol 酒精的；含酒精的；由酒精引起的；酗酒的 ●n.  a person suffering from alcoholism 酗酒者，酒徒；酒精中毒者

alcoholism /ˈælkəhɒliz(ə)m/ n.  1  an addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor 酗酒，嗜酒 2  the diseased condition resulting from this 酒精中毒 [modern Latin alcoholismus (as ALCOHOL)]

alcoholometer /ælkəhɒˈlɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring alcoholic concentration 酒精浓度测试计，醇比重计 □ alcoholometry  n.  

alcove /ˈælkəʊv/ n.  a recess, esp. in the wall of a room or of a garden 壁龛，凹室 [French via Spanish alcoba from Arabic al-kubba, from al ‘the’ + kubba ‘vault’]

aldehyde /ˈældihaid/ n. Chem.  any of a class of compounds formed by the oxidation of alcohols (and containing the group -CHO) 【化】醛；乙醛 □ aldehydic  /ældiˈhidik/ adj.   [abbreviation of modern Latin alcohol dehydrogenatum ‘alcohol deprived of hydrogen’]

al dente /æl ˈdenti/ adj. & adv. (of pasta etc.) (cooked) so as to be still firm when bitten (面食等做得)很硬的，经得起咀嚼的 [Italian, literally ‘to the tooth’]

alder /ˈɔ:ldə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 alder tree)  a tree of the genus Alnus, related to the birch, bearing catkins and toothed leaves, esp. A. glutinosa, common in damp ground 桤木 2  the wood of this tree 桤木木材 [Old English alor, aler, related to Latin alnus, with euphonic d]

alder buckthorn n.  a shrub, Frangula alnus, related to the buckthorn 药炭鼠李

alder fly n.  a neuropterous insect of the genus Sialis, found near streams 泥蛉(一种脉翅类昆虫)

alderman /ˈɔ:ldəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 esp. hist.  a co-opted member of an English county or borough council, next in dignity to the Mayor [尤史义] (英格兰郡级或区级的)高级市政官(地位仅次于市长) 2 (fem. alderwoman, pl. -women) N. Amer. & Austral.  an elected member of a city council [北美澳]市议员，镇议员 □ aldermanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.  □ aldermanship  n.   [Old English aldor ‘patriarch’, from ald ‘old’ + MAN]

alderperson /ˈɔ:ldəpɜ:s(ə)n/ n. N. Amer.  an alderman or alderwoman (used as a neutral alternative) [北美] (作为中性词使用)市议员，镇议员

Aldis lamp /ˈɔ:ldis/ n. propr.  a hand-held lamp for signalling in Morse code [商标]奥尔迪斯(手提莫尔斯码)信号灯 [A. C. W. Aldis d. 1953, its inventor]

aldosterone /ælˈdɒstərəʊn/ n. Physiol.  a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance 【生理】醛固酮，醛甾酮 [ALDEHYDE + STEROID + -ONE]

aldrin /ˈɔ:ldrin/ n.  a white crystalline chlorinated hydrocarbon formerly used as an insecticide 艾氏剂(一种白色晶体状杀虫剂) [K. Alder, German chemist d. 1958 + -IN]

ale /eil/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  beer (now usu. as a trade word) [尤英]啤酒(现常用于商标名) 2 N. Amer.  a type of beer fermented rapidly at high temperatures [北美]麦芽酒(一种高温快速发酵的啤酒) [Old English alu, from Germanic]

aleatoric /eiliəˈtɒrik, æl-/ adj.  1  depending on the throw of a die or on chance 掷点决定的，凭运气的 2 Mus. & Art  involving random choice by a performer or artist 【音】【艺术】肆意挥洒的，任意发挥的 [Latin aleatorius aleator ‘dice-player’, from alea ‘die’]

aleatory /ˈeiliət(ə)ri, ˈæl-/ adj.  = ALEATORIC  [as ALEATORIC]

Alec /ˈælik/   亚历克 [人名]

alec /ˈælik/ n. (also 亦作 aleck) Austral. slang  a stupid person [澳] [俚语]傻瓜，笨蛋 [shortening of SMART ALEC]

alee /əˈli:/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  on the lee or sheltered side of a ship (船的)背风的，下风的 2  to leeward 朝下风，向下风 [Middle English, from A2 + LEE]

alehouse /ˈeilhaʊs/ n. hist.  a tavern [史义]酒店，酒馆

alembic /əˈlembik/ n.  1 hist.  an apparatus formerly used in distilling [史义]蒸馏器 2  a means of refining or extracting 蒸馏(提纯)技术 [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin alembicus from Arabic al-'anbīk, from al ‘the’ + 'anbīk ‘still’, from Greek ambix, -ikos ‘cup, cap of a still’]

aleph /ˈɑ:lef/ n.  the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet 希伯来字母表的第一个字母 [Hebrew 'ɑˉlep, literally ‘ox’]

alert /əˈlɜ:t/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  watchful or vigilant; ready to take action 警惕的，警觉的 2  nimble (esp. of mental faculties); attentive (尤指思维)敏捷的，活跃的；专注的 ●n.  1  a warning call or alarm 警示，警报 2  a  a warning of an air raid 空袭警报b  the duration of this 空袭警报期 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make alert; warn 报警，警告  were alerted to the danger  得到危险警告 □ on the alert   on the lookout against danger or attack 警惕监视(危险或袭击)□ alertly  adv.  □ alertness  n.   [French alerte from Italian all' erta ‘to the watchtower’]

-ales /ˈeili:z/ suffix  forming the plural names of orders of plants (Rosales 双子叶植物) 用于构成植物种类名词的复数形式 [pl. of Latin adjectival suffix -alis: see -AL]

aleurone /əˈljʊərəʊn/ n. (also 亦作 aleuron /-rən/) Biochem.  protein stored as granules in the seeds of plants etc. 【生化】糊粉，糊粉粒 [Greek aleuron ‘flour’]

A level n. Brit. [英]  = ADVANCED LEVEL  [abbreviation]

alewife /ˈeilwaif/ n. (pl. alewives)  a fish of the NW Atlantic, Alosa pseudoharengus, related to the herring 鲱科食用鱼(一种大西洋西北水域产的鲱科鱼) [17th-c.: origin uncertain]

Alex /ˈæliks/   亚历克斯 [人名]

Alexander /ˌæligˈzɑ:ndə/   亚历山大 [人名]

alexanders /æliɡˈzɑ:ndəz/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Smyrnium olusatrum, formerly used in salads but superseded by celery 一种伞花科植物(过去用于拌凉菜，后被芹菜取代) [Old English, from medieval Latin alexandrum]

Alexander technique /æliɡˈzɑ:ndə/ n.  a system of body awareness designed to promote well-being by ensuring minimum effort in maintaining postures and carrying out movements 亚历山大人体工艺学 [F. M. Alexander, Australian-born physiotherapist d. 1955]

Alexandra /ˌæligˈzɑ:ndrə/   亚历山德拉 [人名]

Alexandria /ˌæligˈzɑ:ndriə/ n.  亚历山大 [埃及港市]

Alexandrian /æliɡˈzɑ:ndriən/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of Alexandria in Egypt (埃及)亚历山大风格的，亚历山大特征的 2  a  belonging to or akin to the schools of literature and philosophy of Alexandria 亚历山大(属于或类似于)文学和哲学学派的b (of a writer) derivative or imitative; fond of recondite learning (指作家)没有创造性的；爱模仿的；爱故弄玄虚的；古奥艰深的

alexandrine /æliɡˈzɑ:ndrin, -ain/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a line of verse) having six iambic feet (诗行)具有 6 个音步的，亚历山大诗行的 ●n.  an alexandrine line 亚历山大诗行 [French alexandrin, from Alexandre = Alexander the Great, the subject of an Old French poem in this metre]

alexandrite /æliɡˈzɑ:ndrait/ n. Mineral.  a green variety of chrysoberyl, originally found in the Ural Mountains 【矿】(原产于乌拉尔山脉的)紫翠玉 [named after Tsar Alexander I of Russia: see -ITE1]

alexia /əˈleksiə, ei-/ n.  the inability to see words or to read, caused by a defect of the brain Cf. 参见 DYSLEXIA (由脑损伤造成的)不能读字，失读症 [modern Latin, A-1 + Greek lexis ‘speech’ from legein ‘speak’, confused with Latin legere ‘read’]

Alexis /əˈleksis/   亚历克西斯 [人名]

Alf /ælf/   阿尔夫 [人名]

alfalfa /ælˈfælfə/ n.  a leguminous plant, Medicago sativa, with clover-like leaves and flowers, grown for fodder and as a salad vegetable Also called 亦称作 LUCERNE 苜蓿(一种豆科植物，用作饲料，也可作凉拌菜) [Spanish, from Arabic al-fasfasa, a green fodder]

Alfie /ˈælfi/   阿尔菲 [人名]

Alfred /ˈælfrid/   艾尔弗雷德 [人名]

alfresco /ælˈfreskəʊ/ adv. & adj.  in the open air 在户外(的)，在露天(的)  we lunched alfresco  我们在户外用的午餐 an alfresco lunch  户外午餐 [Italian al fresco ‘in the fresh (air)’]

alga /ˈælɡə/ n. (pl. algae /ˈældʒi:, ˈælɡi:/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a non-flowering stemless usu. aquatic plant, esp. a seaweed or a single-celled plant 藻类，海藻 □ algal  adj.   [Latin]

algebra /ˈældʒibrə/ n.  1  the branch of mathematics that uses letters and other general symbols to represent numbers and quantities in formulae and equations 代数学 2  a system of this based on given axioms (基于某些公理的)代数系统  linear algebra  线性代数 the algebra of logic  逻辑代数 □ algebraic  /ældʒiˈbreiik/ adj.  □ algebraical  /ældʒiˈbreiik(ə)l/ adj.  □ algebraically  /ældʒiˈbreiik(ə)li/ adv.  □ algebraist  /ældʒiˈbreiist/ n.   [Italian, Spanish, and medieval Latin, from Arabic aljabr from al ‘the’ + jabr ‘reunion of broken parts’ from jabara ‘reunite’]

Algeria   阿尔及利亚

Algerian /ælˈdʒiəriən/ adj. & n.  阿尔及利亚的(人)

-algia /ˈældʒə/ comb. form Med.  denoting pain in a part specified by the first element (neuralgia 神经痛) [构词成分]【医】表示“疼痛” □ -algic  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Greek from algos ‘pain’]

algicide /ˈældʒisaid, ˈælɡi-/ n.  a preparation for destroying algae 灭藻剂，杀藻剂

Algiers /ælˈdʒiəz/ n.  阿尔及尔 [阿尔及利亚首都]

alginate /ˈældʒineit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of alginic acid, e.g. the sodium salt, used as a thickener 【化】藻酸盐，褐藻酸盐(用于增稠剂) [ALGA + -IN + -ATE1]

alginic acid /ælˈdʒinik/ n. Chem.  an insoluble carbohydrate found (chiefly as salts) in many brown seaweeds 【化】(许多褐藻带有的)藻酸 [ALGA + -IN + -IC]

Algol /ˈælɡɒl/ n.  a high-level computer programming language (一种高级的计算机)算法语言 [ALGORITHMIC (see ALGORITHM) + LANGUAGE]

algolagnia /ælɡəʊˈlæɡniə/ n.  sexual pleasure derived from inflicting pain on oneself or others; masochism or sadism 性受虐狂；性虐待狂 □ algolagnic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from German Algolagnie, from Greek algos ‘pain’ + lagneia ‘lust’]

algology /əlˈɡɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of algae 藻类学 □ algological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ algologist  n.  

Algonquian /ælˈɡɒŋkwiən, -ki-/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Algonkian /-kiən/) ●n.  1  a member of any of a large group of scattered N. American Indian peoples 阿尔冈昆人(散居北美各地的印第安人) 2  any of the family of languages used by them, including Cree and Ojibwa 阿尔冈昆语(北美印第安人诸语言，包括克里语、奥吉韦语等) ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples or their languages 阿尔冈昆人的；阿尔冈昆语的 [Algonquin, N. American tribal name, + -IAN]

Algonquin /ælˈɡɒŋkwin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a N. American Indian people living in Canada along the Ottawa River and its tributaries 阿尔贡金人(居于加拿大渥太华河沿岸的印第安人) 2  the dialect of Ojibwa spoken by this people 阿尔贡金语(属奥吉韦方言) 3  = ALGONQUIANn. 1, 2  ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Algonquins or their language 阿尔贡金人的；阿尔贡金语的 2  = ALGONQUIANadj.  [French from an Algonquian word meaning ‘at the place of spearing fish and eels’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of Algonquin to refer to the Algonquian peoples or their languages (sense 3 above) is widespread but strictly incorrect. 用 Algonquin 一词表示阿尔贡金族人或语言(即上述释义 3) 的用法十分常见，但严格说来是不正确的。 

algorithm /ˈælɡərið(ə)m/ n.  1 Math.  a process or set of rules used for calculation or problem-solving, esp. with a computer 【数】(尤指计算机的)算法，运算规则 2 hist.  the Arabic or decimal notation of numbers [史义]阿拉伯数字，十进位计数 □ algorithmic  /-ˈriðmik/ adj.  □ algorithmically  /-ˈriðmik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English algorism, ultimately from Arabic al-Kuwɑˉrizmī, the cognomen of a 9th-c. mathematīcian: algorithm influenced by Greek arithmos ‘number’ (cf. French algorithme)]

alguacil /ælɡwəˈsil/ n. (also 亦作 alguazil /ælɡwəˈzil/)  1  a mounted official at a bullfight (斗牛场上骑马的)骑警 2  a constable or an officer of justice in Spain or Spanish-speaking countries (西班牙或说西班牙语国家的)警察；法官 [Spanish, from Arabic al-wazīr from al ‘the’ + wazīr: see VIZIER]

alias /ˈeiliəs/ adv. & n. ●adv.  also named or known as 亦叫作，亦称为 ●n.  a false or assumed name 假名，化名 [Latin, = at another time, otherwise]

alibi /ˈælibai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. alibis)  1  a claim, or the evidence supporting it, that when an alleged act took place one was elsewhere 不在现场的证明 2 disp.  an excuse of any kind; a pretext or justification [异议]托辞，借口 ●v. (alibis, alibied, alibiing) colloq. [口]  1 tr.  provide an alibi or offer an excuse for (a person) (为某人)提供不在现场的证明或托辞 2 intr.  provide an alibi 提供托辞 [Latin, = elsewhere]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the noun alibi in sense 2, meaning ‘an excuse’, is informal and to some people unacceptable. 单词 alibi 作为名词表示“借口”(即上述释义 2) 属非正式用法；而有人不接受该用法。 

Alice /ˈælis/   艾丽斯 [人名]

alicyclic /æliˈsaiklik, -ˈsik-/ adj. Chem.  of, denoting, or relating to organic compounds combining a cyclic structure with aliphatic properties, e.g. cyclohexane 【化】脂环的，脂环族的 [German alicyclisch (as ALIPHATIC, CYCLIC)]

alidade /ˈælideid/ n. Surveying & Astron.  a sighting device or pointer for determining directions or measuring angles 【测量学】【天】指方规，照准仪 [French via medieval Latin from Arabic al-ˈiḍɑˉda ‘the revolving radius’, from ˈaḍud ‘upper arm’]

alien /ˈeiliən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unfamiliar; not in accordance or harmony; unfriendly, hostile; unacceptable or repugnant 陌生的；不合谐的；不友好的；敌意的；格格不入的  army discipline was alien to him  军纪使他很不适应 struck an alien note  不着边b (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  different or separated 不同的；分开的，独立的 2  foreign; from a foreign country 外国的，来自国外的  help from alien powers  来自国外力量的相助 3  of or relating to beings supposedly from other worlds; extraterrestrial 外来的；外星人的 4 Bot. (of a plant or animal species) introduced from elsewhere and naturalized 【植】(植物或动物物种)从他处引进而归化的 ●n.  1  a foreigner, esp. one who is not a naturalized citizen of the country where he or she is living (尤指尚未归化为某国公民的)外国人；外侨 2  a being from another world 外星人 3  an alien plant or animal species (植物或动物的)引进物种 □ alienness  /ˈeiliənnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin alienus ‘belonging to another’, from alius ‘other’]

alienable /ˈeiliənəb(ə)l/ adj. Law  able to be transferred to new ownership 【法律】可让与的，可让渡的 □ alienability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

alienage /ˈeiliənidʒ/ n.  the state or condition of being an alien 外侨身份，外侨地位

alienate /ˈeiliəneit/ v. tr.  1  a  cause (a person) to become unfriendly or hostile 使(人)不友好；离间b (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  cause (a person) to feel isolated or estranged from (friends, society, etc.) 使感到孤立；使疏远(朋友、社会等) 2  transfer ownership of (property) to another person etc. 转让，让渡(财产) □ alienator  n.   [Middle English from Latin alienare alienat- (as ALIEN)]

alienation /eiliəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or result of alienating 疏远，不和 2 (in full 全称 alienation effect) Theatr.  a dramatic effect whereby an audience remains objective, not identifying with the characters or action of a play 【戏】间离效果，陌生化效果(一种让观众保持客观态度、不与剧中人物或情节认同的艺术效果) [in sense 2 a translation of German Verfremdungseffekt]

alienist /ˈeiliənist/ n. US  a psychiatrist, esp. a legal adviser on psychiatric problems [美] (尤指作为法律顾问的)精神病学家，精神病医师 [French aliéniste (as ALIEN)]

aliform /ˈeilifɔ:m/ adj.  wing-shaped 翼状的，翅状的 [modern Latin aliformis, from Latin ala ‘wing’: see -FORM]

alight1 /əˈlait/ v. intr. (alighted)  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  descend from a vehicle 从车上下来b  dismount from a horse 从马上下来 2  descend and settle; come to earth from the air 降下，落下，落脚；从飞机上下来 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  find by chance; notice 偶然发现；注意到 [Old English ɑˉlīhtan (as A-2, līhtan LIGHT2 v.)]

alight2 /əˈlait/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  on fire; burning 着火(的)；燃烧着(的)  they set the old shed alight  他们把那个旧棚子点着了 is the fire still alight?  火还在燃烧吗？ 2  lit up; excited 容光满面的；激动的  eyes alight with expectation  流露出期待的眼光 [Middle English, probably from the phrase on a light (= lighted) fire]

align /əˈlain/ v. tr.  1  put in a straight line or bring into line 使成一直线；排成行  three books were neatly aligned on the shelf  架子上整齐地摆着 3 本书 2 esp. Polit. (尤)【政】 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  bring (oneself etc.) into agreement or alliance with (a cause, policy, political party, etc.) 使(自己等和事业、政策、政党等)保持一致 □ alignment  n.   [French aligner from the phrase ɑˋ ligne ‘into line’: see LINE1]

alike /əˈlaik/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  similar, like one another; indistinguishable 相像的；难以区分的 ●adv.  in a similar way or manner 类似地，同样地  all were treated alike  全都一视同仁 [Old English gelīc and Old Norse glíkr (LIKE1)]

aliment /ˈælim(ə)nt/ n. formal [正式]  1  food 食物，食粮 2  support or mental sustenance 生活供给；精神食粮 □ alimental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from French aliment or Latin alimentum, from alere ‘nourish’]

alimentary /æliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  of, relating to, or providing nourishment or sustenance 食物的；营养物的 [Latin alimentarius (as ALIMENT)]

alimentary canal n. Anat.  the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion 【解】(从口到肛门的)消化道

alimentation /ˌælim(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  nourishment; feeding 营养；供给食物 2  maintenance, support; supplying with the necessities of life 供养，抚养；生活必需品供给 [French alimentation or medieval Latin alimentatio, from alimentare (as ALIMENT)]

alimony /ˈæliməni/ n. esp. US  money payable by a man to his wife or former wife or by a woman to her husband or former husband after they are separated or divorced (in UK use now replaced by maintenance) [尤美] (夫妻离异或分居后向对方支付的)赡养费(英国现改称为 maintenance) [Latin alimonia ‘nutriment’, from alere ‘nourish’]

A-line /ˈeilain/ adj. (of a garment) having a narrow waist or shoulders and a slightly flared skirt (指服装)A 字型的(腰部或肩部窄，裙子稍呈喇叭形)

aliphatic /æliˈfætik/ adj. Chem.  of, denoting, or relating to organic compounds in which carbon atoms form open chains, not aromatic rings 【化】脂肪族的，脂肪质的 [Greek aleiphar -atos ‘fat’]

aliquot /ˈælikwɒt/ adj. & n. ●adj. Math. (of a part or portion) contained by the whole an integral or whole number of times 【数】能整除的，除得尽的  4 is an aliquot part of 12  4 能被 12 整除 ●n.  1 Math.  an aliquot part; an integral factor 【数】能整除部分；整除数，约数 2  a known fraction of a whole; a sample 整体的一个已知部分；样品 [French aliquote, from Latin aliquot ‘some, so many’]

Alisdair /ˈælistə(r)/   阿利斯泰尔 [人名]

Alison /ˈælisn/   艾莉森 [人名]

Alistair /ˈælistə(r)/   阿利斯泰尔 [人名]

alive /əˈlaiv/ adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1 (of a person, animal, plant, etc.) living, not dead (人、动物、植物等)活着的，在世的 2  a (of a thing) existing; continuing; in operation or action (事物)仍然存在的；继续的；在运作或起作用的  kept his interest alive  继续保持他的兴趣b  under discussion; provoking interest 在讨论中的；引起兴趣的  the topic is still very much alive today  这个话题仍是今天的热门 3 (of a person or animal) lively, active (人或动物)活泼的，活跃的 4  charged with an electric current; connected to a source of electricity 充电的，通电的，带电的 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  aware of; alert or responsive to 意识到的；警觉的；对…有反应的 6 (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  swarming or teeming with 云集的，群集的b  full of 充满的 □ alive and kicking  colloq.  very active; lively [口]十分活跃的，很有生气的□ alive and well   still alive or active (esp. despite contrary assumptions or rumours 尤指与推测或传闻相反) 依然健在的□ aliveness  n.   [Old English on līfe (as A2, LIFE)]

alizarin /əˈliz(ə)rin/ n.  1  the red colouring matter of madder root, used in dyeing 茜草根的红色素(用作染料) 2 (作 attrib.) (of a dye) derived from or similar to this pigment (染料)源自于茜素的 [French alizarine from alizari ‘madder’, from Arabic al-ˈiṣɑˉra ‘pressed juice’ from ˈaṣara ‘to press fruit’]

alkahest /ˈælkəhest/ n. (also 亦作 alcahest)  the universal solvent sought by alchemists (炼金术士所寻找的)万能熔剂 [sham Arabic, probably invented by Paracelsus]

alkali /ˈælkəlai/ n. (pl. alkalis)  1 Chem.  any of a class of substances which neutralize acids and turn litmus blue, typically dissolving in water to form often caustic solutions with a pH of more than 7, containing free hydroxide ions; a soluble base 【化】碱，碱性物质 (pH 值大于 7 ，含有自由氢离子) 2  any soluble salt present in excess in the soil (土壤中大量存在的)可溶性无机盐 □ alkalimeter  /ælkəˈlimitə/ n.  □ alkalimetry  /ælkəˈlimitri/ n.   [Middle English, applied to a saline substance derived from the ashes of various plants: from medieval Latin, from Arabic al-kalī ‘calcined ashes’ of the glasswort etc., from kala ‘fry’]

alkali metal n.  any of the monovalent group of metals, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and caesium, whose hydroxides are alkalis 碱金属(如锂、钠、钾、铷、铯等单价金属，其氢氧化物呈碱性)

alkaline /ˈælkəlain/ adj.  of, relating to, or having the nature of an alkali; rich in alkali 碱的；碱性的；含碱量过多的 □ alkalinity  /ælkəˈliniti/ n.  

alkaline earth n.  1 (in full 全称 alkaline earth metal)  any of the divalent group of metals, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium 碱土，碱土金属(如铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、镭等) 2  a basic oxide of an element of this group 碱土氧化物

alkaloid /ˈælkəlɔid/ n. Chem.  any of a series of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin, many of which are used as drugs, e.g. morphine, quinine 【化】生物碱，植物碱基(其中许多可用作药品，如吗啡、奎宁) [German (as ALKALI)]

alkalosis /ælkəˈləʊsis/ n. Med.  an excessive alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues 【医】碱中毒

alkane /ˈælkein/ n. Chem.  any of a series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, including methane, ethane, and propane 【化】链烷(分子式为 CnH2n+2) [ALKYL + -ANE2]

alkanet /ˈælkənet/ n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Alkanna, esp. A. tinctoria, yielding a red dye from its roots 紫朱草(其根可提制红色染料)b  the dye itself 朱红染料 2  any of various similar plants 牛舌草 [Middle English from Spanish alcaneta, diminutive of alcana, from Arabic al-hinnɑˉ' = the henna shrub]

alkene /ˈælki:n/ n. Chem.  any of a series of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a double bond and having the general formula CnH2n, including ethylene and propene 【化】烯烃(分子式为 CnH2n) [ALKYL + -ENE]

alky /ˈælki/ n. (also 亦作 alkie) (pl. -ies) slang  an alcoholic [俚语]酒鬼，酒徒

alkyd /ˈælkid/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  any of a group of synthetic resins derived from various alcohols and acids 【化】醇酸树脂 [ALKYL + ACID]

alkyl /ˈælkail, -kil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  a radical derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】烷基，烃基 [German Alkohol ALCOHOL + -YL]

alkylate /ˈælkileit/ v. tr. Chem.  introduce an alkyl radical into (a compound) 【化】使烷基化(使烷基成为化合物)

alkyne /ˈælkain/ n. Chem.  any of a series of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a triple bond and having the general formula CnH2n-2, including acetylene 【化】炔；炔烃(分子式为 CnH2n-2) [ALKYL + -YNE]

all /ɔ:l/ predet., pron., n. & adv. ●predet.  1  a  the whole amount, quantity, or extent of 全部的，一切的，所有的  all the upheaveal  所有剧变 all this clutter  这一切混乱 waited all day  等了一整天 all his life  他的一生b (with pl. 与复数连用)  the entire number of 全体的，全数的  all the others left  剩下的其他所有人 all ten men  全体 10 个人 2  any whatever 任何，不论何种  beyond all doubt  不容任何怀疑 3  greatest possible 尽量的；极度的  with all speed  以最高速度 ●pron.  1  a  all the persons or things concerned 所有的(人或东西)；全体，大家  all were present  所有的人都到场了 all were thrown away  所有的东西都扔掉了b  everything 每样东西，一切  all is lost  一切都失去了 that is all  这就是全部 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the whole of 全部，全数  take all of it  一齐拿走b  every one of 每一个，所有  all of us  我们所有c colloq.  as much as [口]多至…，多达…  all of six feet tall  足足 6 英尺高d colloq.  affected by; in a state of [口]受到影响的；处于…的状态  all of a dither  全都慌作一团 ●n. (prec. by 前接 my, your, etc.)  one's whole strength or resources 所有的一切，竭尽所能  gave his all  付出了他的全部 ●adv.  1  a  entirely, quite 整个，全然  dressed all in black  穿一身黑衣 all round the room  屋里上上下下b  as an intensifier 完全地(表示强调)  a book all about ships  一本全是关于轮船的书 stop all this grumbling  不要再这样咕咕哝哝了 it was all too clear  再清楚不过了 2 Brit. colloq.  very [英口]非常，很  went all shy  变得非常害羞 3 (foll. by 后跟 the + compar.)  a  by so much; to that extent 十分，完全  if they go, all the better  他们要去那太好了b  in the full degree to be expected 全然，在最大程度上  that makes it all the worse  那使事情遭透了 4 (in games) on both sides (比赛)双方的  two goals all  双方各进两球 □ all along   all the time 一直，始终  he was joking all along  他一直是在开玩笑□ all and sundry   everyone 每一个，全体□ all but   very nearly 几乎，差点  it was all but impossible  这几乎不可能 he was all but drowned  他差点被淹死□ all for  colloq.  strongly in favour of [口]极力赞同，力主□ all in  colloq.  exhausted [口]耗尽的，筋疲力竭的□ all in all   everything considered 总之，从各方面来说□ all manner of   see 见 MANNER □ all of a sudden   see 见 SUDDEN □ all one (or the same)  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a matter of indifference 无差别，都一样  it's all one to me  这对我都一样□ all out   involving all one's strength or resources; at full speed 竭尽全力；全速 also, with hyphen, attrib. 亦加连字符作定语 : an all-out effort  竭尽全力□ all over   1  completely finished 完成，全部结束 2  in or on all parts of (esp. the body) 到处遍及；(尤指身体的)各部，浑身上下  went hot and cold all over  全身一阵冷一阵热 mud all over the carpet  地毯上全是泥 3 colloq.  typically [口]典型地，简直  that is you all over  你就是这样 4 slang  effusively attentive to (a person) [俚语]向(某人)献殷情□ all right ● predic. adj.  satisfactory; safe and sound; in good condition; adequate 满意的；安然无恙的；完好的；适当的 ●adv.  1  satisfactorily, as desired 满意地；如愿地  it worked out all right  这事得到了圆满解决 2  as an intensifier (表示强调)确实，无疑地  that's the one all right  确实就是那个●int.  an interjection expressing consent or assent to a proposal or order (表示同意的感叹词)好，行，可以□ all round (US also [美亦] all around)   1  in all respects 全面地；整体上  a good performance all round  整体上一次不错的演出 2  for each person 每一个人  he bought drinks all round  他给每一个人都买了饮料□ all the same   nevertheless, in spite of this 仍然，仍旧  he was innocent but was punished all the same  他虽然是无辜的，但仍然受到了惩罚□ all set  colloq.  ready to start [口]准备就绪，待发□ all standing   1 Naut.  without time to lower the sails 【海】没有时间落帆 2  taken by surprise 出其不意地，突袭地□ all there  (usu. in neg. 通常用否定形式) colloq.  mentally alert; not mentally deficient [口] (精神上)警觉的；不分心的□ all the time   see 见 TIME □ all together   all at once; all in one place or in a group (cf. 参见 ALTOGETHER) 一起，全体  they came all together  他们全都来了□ all told   in all 总计，全数□ all very well  colloq.  an expression used to reject or to imply scepticism about a favourable or consoling remark [口]一切都很不错(对安慰或美意表示拒绝或怀疑用语)□ all the way   the whole distance; completely 远道，一路上；从头到尾□ at all  (with neg. or interrog. 用于否定或问句)  in any way; to any extent 根本；在任何情况下；在任何程度上  did not swim at all  根本不游泳 did you like it at all?  你到底喜欢它吗？□ be all up with   see 见 UP □ in all   in total number; altogether 总共，合计；总之  there were 10 people in all  总共有 10 个人□ on all fours   see 见 FOUR  [Old English all, eall, probably from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 All of meaning ‘the whole of, every one of’ is usual before pronouns (e.g. all of it, all of us) and emphatically, often paralleling none of, some of, etc., before nouns (e.g. all of the advantages but none of the disadvantages) Otherwise, all + noun is normal, (e.g. phoned all his friends, ate all the bread). See also Usage Notes at ALRIGHT and ALTOGETHER. 在用 all of 表示“全体，每一个”时一般置于代词之前，如 all of it (所有这些)和 all of us (我们大家)，并与 none of 、 some of 等平行表示强调，如 all of the advantages but none of the disadvantages (所有的优点，但没有任何缺点)；否则，正常的用法是 all 后跟名词，如 phoned all his friends 给他所有的朋友打了电话； ate all the bread (把面包全吃光了)。另见 ALRIGHT 和 ALTOGETHER 的用法注释。 

alla breve /ælə ˈbreivi/ n. Mus.  a time signature indicating 2 or 4 minim beats in a bar 【音】二分音符(表示两拍或四拍) [Italian, = at the BREVE]

alla cappella var.  of A CAPPELLA  A CAPPELLA 的变体

Allah /ˈælə, əˈlɑ:/ n.  the name of God among Arabs and Muslims 阿拉，安拉，真主(阿拉伯及穆斯林的神) [Arabic ˈallɑˉh, contraction of al-ˈilɑˉh, from al ‘the’ + ˈilɑˉh ‘god’]

all-American adj. & n. ●adj.  1  representing the whole of (or only) America or the US 全美国的；仅美国的 2  truly American 真正美国的  all-American boy  真正的美国男孩 3 (also 亦作 all-America) US  honoured as one of the best amateur sportsmen in the US [美]被选为全美最佳运动员的 ●n. (also 亦作 all-America) US  an all-American sportsman [美]全美最佳运动员

Allan /ˈælən/   艾伦 [人名]

allantois /əˈlæntəʊis/ n. (pl. allantoides /-idi:z/) Biol.  the foetal membrane lying below the chorion in embryonic reptiles, birds, and mammals 【生】尿囊 □ allantoic  /ælənˈtəʊik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek allantoeidēs ‘sausage-shaped’]

all-around attrib. adj. US [美]  = ALL-ROUND 

allay /əˈlei/ v. tr.  1  diminish (fear, suspicion, etc.) 平息消除(恐惧、怀疑等) 2  relieve or alleviate (pain, hunger, etc.) 减轻，缓解(疼痛、饥饿等) [Old English ɑˉlecgan (as A-2, LAY1)]

All Blacks n. pl. colloq.  the New Zealand international Rugby Union football team [口]黑衫队(指新西兰国际橄榄球联合会球队) [from their black strip]

all-clear n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a signal that danger or difficulty is over 一切正常(用于表示危险或困难结束了)  had further tests and was given the all-clear  进一步检测得知一切正常

all comers n. pl.  any applicants (with reference to a position, or esp. a challenge to a champion, that is unrestricted in entry) 全体申请者，所有报名者(指为获得某个位置或尤指向某位冠军挑战，没有报名限制)

all-day attrib. adj.  lasting or available throughout the day 整整一天的，全天的

allegation /æliˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an assertion, esp. an unproved one; an accusation (尤指未经证实的)说法，陈述；指控 2  the act or an instance of alleging or accusing 断言；声称 [Middle English from French allégation or Latin allegatio, from allegare ‘allege’]

allege /əˈledʒ/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  declare to be the case, esp. without proof (尤指没有证据地)断言；声称，宣称 2  advance as an argument or excuse 提出理由；辩解 □ alleged  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French alegier, Old French esligier ‘clear at law’; confused in sense with Latin allegare: see ALLEGATION]

allegedly /əˈledʒidli/ adv.  as is alleged or said to be the case 依其陈述；据说，据称

allegiance /əˈli:dʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  loyalty (to a person or cause etc.) (对人、事业等的)忠实，忠诚 2  the duty of a subject to his or her sovereign or government (臣民对其君主或政府)应尽的职责，义务 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French ligeance (as LIEGE): perhaps associated with ALLIANCE]

allegorical /æliˈɡɒrik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 allegoric /-rik/)  consisting of or relating to allegory; by means of allegory 寓言的，寓意的；讽喻的 □ allegorically  adv.  

allegorize /ˈæliɡ(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat as or by means of an allegory 使寓言化；以讽喻方式叙述 □ allegorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

allegory /ˈæliɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a story, play, poem, picture, etc., in which the meaning or message is represented symbolically 寓言 2  the use of such symbols 寓意；讽喻 3  a symbol 符号，象征 □ allegorist  n.   [Middle English via Old French allegorie and Latin allegoria from Greek allēgoria, from allos ‘other’ + -agoria ‘speaking’]

allegretto /æliˈɡretəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a fairly brisk tempo 稍快地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  an allegretto passage or movement 小快板；小快板演奏 [Italian, diminutive of ALLEGRO]

allegro /əˈleiɡrəʊ, -ˈleɡ-/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a brisk tempo 快速地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  an allegro passage or movement 快板；快板演奏 [Italian, = lively, gay]

allele /ˈæli:l/ n. (also 亦作 allel /ˈælel/)  one of the (usu. two) alternative forms of a gene, found at the same place on a chromosome 等位基因，对偶基因 □ allelic  /əˈli:lik/ adj.   [German Allel, abbreviation of ALLELOMORPH]

allelomorph /əˈli:ləʊmɔ:f/ n.  = ALLELE  □ allelomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [Greek allēl- ‘one another’ + morphē ‘form’]

alleluia /æliˈlu:jə/ int. & n. (also 亦作 alleluya, hallelujah /hæl-/) ●int.  God be praised 哈利路亚(对上帝的赞美) ●n.  1  praise to God 赞美上帝 2  a song of praise to God 赞美上帝之歌 3 RC Ch.  the part of the Mass including this 【天主教】(弥撒中的)唱赞美歌仪式 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek allēlouia (in the Septuagint), from Hebrew hallělūyɑˉh ‘praise ye the Lord’]

allemande /ˈælmɑ:nd, ælmɒ˜d/ n.  1  a  the name of several German dances 阿勒曼德舞(德国几种民间舞蹈)b  the music for any of these, esp. as a movement of a suite 阿勒曼德舞曲 2  a figure in a country dance 乡村舞步型 [French, = German (dance)]

all-embracing adj.  embracing or including much or all; comprehensive 包罗万象的；综合的

Allen /ˈælin, ˈælən/   艾伦 [人名]

Allen key /ˈælən/ n. propr.  a spanner designed to fit into and turn an Allen screw [商标]阿伦螺钉扳手 [Allen, the name of the US manufacturer]

Allen screw /ˈælən/ n. propr.  a screw with a hexagonal socket in the head [商标]阿伦螺钉(一种顶部为六方凹槽的螺钉)，内六方螺钉 [as ALLEN KEY]

allergen /ˈælədʒ(ə)n/ n.  any substance that causes an allergic reaction 过敏原，变应原 □ allergenic  /æləˈdʒenik/ adj.   [ALLERGY + -GEN]

allergic /əˈlɜ:dʒik/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  having an allergy to 过敏的，对…过敏的b colloq.  having a strong dislike for (a person or thing) [口] (对人或物)反感的，厌恶的 2  caused by or relating to an allergy 过敏引起的；与过敏有关的

allergy /ˈælədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Med.  a damaging immune response by the body to a substance (esp. a particular food, pollen, fur, or dust) to which it has become hypersensitive 【医】(尤指对某种食物、花粉、毛皮、粉尘等)变应性，过敏性 2 colloq.  an antipathy [口]反感，厌恶 □ allergist  n.   [German Allergie, on the pattern of Energie ENERGY, from Greek allos ‘other’]

alleviate /əˈli:vieit/ v. tr.  lessen or make less severe (pain, suffering, etc.) 使缓和，使减轻(疼痛、受苦等) □ alleviation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ alleviative  /-viətiv/ adj.  □ alleviator  n.  □ alleviatory  /-viət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin alleviare ‘lighten’, from Latin allevare (as AD-, levare ‘raise’)]

alley1 /ˈæli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1 (also 亦作 alleyway)  a  a narrow street 小街，小巷b  a narrow passageway, esp. between or behind buildings 后街 2  a path or walk in a park or garden (公园或花园中的)小路，小径 3  an enclosure for skittles, bowling, etc. (滚木球、保龄球等的)球道；球场 [Middle English, from Old French alee ‘walking, passage’ from aler ‘go’, from Latin ambulare ‘walk’]

alley2 var.  of ALLY2  ALLY2 的变体

alley cat n.  a stray town cat, often mangy or half wild (街上的)野猫

all flesh n.  all human and animal creation 众生(指人和所有动物)

All Fools' Day var.  of APRIL FOOL'S DAY  APRIL FOOL'S DAY 的变体

All Hallows /ˈhæləʊz/ n.  All Saints' Day, 1 Nov. 万圣节 (11 月 1 日)

alliaceous /æliˈeiʃəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the genus Allium, which includes onion, garlic, leek, etc. 葱属植物的(包括洋葱、大蒜、韭菜等) 2  tasting or smelling like onion or garlic 葱味的；大蒜味的 [modern Latin alliaceus, from Latin allium ‘garlic’]

alliance /əˈlaiəns/ n.  1  a  union or agreement to cooperate, esp. of states by treaty or families by marriage 联盟，结盟；联姻b  the parties involved 盟友，盟邦 2 (作 Alliance)  a political party formed by the allying of separate parties (政治上的)同盟党 3  a relationship resulting from an affinity in nature or qualities etc. (因性质相似而具有的)共同点；相似性  the old alliance between logic and metaphysics  逻辑学与形而上学的古老联系 4 Bot.  a group of allied families 【植】群落属 [Middle English from Old French aliance (as ALLY1)]

allicin /ˈælisin/ n. Biochem.  a pungent oily liquid with antibacterial properties, present in garlic 【生化】蒜素(刺激性液体，有杀菌作用) [Latin allium ‘garlic’]

allied /ˈælaid, əˈlaid/ adj.  1  a  united or associated in an alliance 联盟的，结盟的b (作 Allied)  of or relating to Britain and her allies in the First and Second World Wars (第一次世界大战时期)协约国的；(第二次世界大战时期)同盟国的 2  connected or related 有联系的，相关的  studied medicine and allied subjects  学习医学和相关学科 [past part. of ALLY1]

alligator /ˈæliɡeitə/ n.  1  a large reptile of the order Crocodilia native to the Americas and China, with upper teeth that lie outside the lower teeth and a head broader and shorter than that of the crocodile (产于美洲和中国的)短吻鳄 2 (in general use) any of several large members of this order (通常指)鳄鱼 3  a  the skin of such an animal or material resembling it 短吻鳄皮(或皮革)；鳄鱼皮(或皮革)b (in pl. 用复数)  shoes of this 鳄鱼皮皮鞋 [Spanish el lagarto ‘the lizard’, from Latin lacerta]

alligator clip n.  a clip with teeth for gripping 鳄鱼夹，弹簧夹

alligator pear n. esp. N. Amer.  an avocado [尤北美]鳄梨；鳄梨树

alligator snapper n. (also 亦作 alligator tortoise)  a large freshwater snapping turtle found around the Gulf of Mexico (产于墨西哥湾的一种凶猛的)淡水大鳖

all-important adj.  crucial; vitally important 决定性的；至关重要的

all-in attrib. adj. Brit.  inclusive of all [英]包括一切的，全面的

all-inclusive adj.  including all or everything 包罗万象的，所有的

all-in-one adj.  combining two or more items in a single unit 几部分合一的  all-in-one shampoo and conditioner  洗发护发合一产品

all-in wrestling n. esp. Brit.  wrestling with few or no restrictions [尤英] (限制很少或没有限制的)角斗，格斗

alliterate /əˈlitəreit/ v.  1 intr.  a  contain alliteration 押头韵b  use alliteration in speech or writing (在写或说中)用头韵法 2 tr.  a  construct (a phrase etc.) with alliteration 用头韵(造句等)b  speak or pronounce with alliteration 用头韵(说或发音) □ alliterative  /əˈlit(ə)rətiv/ adj.   [back-formation from ALLITERATION]

alliteration /əlitəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words (e.g. 如 cool, calm, and collected) 头韵；头韵法 [modern Latin alliteratio (as AD-, littera ‘letter’)]

allium /ˈæliəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Allium, usu. bulbous and strong-smelling, e.g. onion and garlic 葱属植物(如葱蒜等) [Latin, = garlic]

all-night attrib. adj.  lasting or available throughout the night 通宵的；通宵服务的

allo- /ˈæləʊ/ comb. form  other (allophone 异声 ; allogamy 异化授粉) [构词成分]异，另外 [Greek allos ‘other’]

allocate /ˈæləkeit/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  assign or devote to (a purpose, person, or place) 分配，分派；划拨，拨给 □ allocable  /ˈæləkəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ allocation  /æləˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ allocator  n.   [medieval Latin allocare (as AL-, locus ‘place’)]

allochthonous /əˈlɒkθənəs/ adj. Geol. (of a deposit) formed at a distance from its present position (cf. 参见 AUTOCHTHONOUS 3) 【地质】(指矿藏)移置的，外来的 [ALLO- + Greek khthōn -onos ‘earth’]

allocution /æləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  a formal or hortatory speech or manner of address 训示，训谕 [Latin allocutio, from alloqui allocut- ‘speak to’ (as AL-, loqui ‘speak’)]

allogamy /əˈlɒɡəmi/ n. Bot.  cross-fertilization in plants 【植】异花受粉；异体受精 [ALLO- + Greek -gamia, from gamos ‘marriage’]

allograft /ˈæləɡrɑ:ft/ n.  a tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical (cf. 参见 HOMOGRAFT) 同种异体移植物 [ALLO- + GRAFT1]

allomorph /ˈæləmɔ:f/ n. Linguistics  any of two or more alternative forms of a morpheme 【语言学】语素变体，词素变体 □ allomorphic  /æləˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [ALLO- + MORPHEME]

allopath /ˈæləpæθ/ n.  a person who practises allopathy 采用对抗疗法的人 [French allopathe, back-formation from allopathie = ALLOPATHY]

allopathy /əˈlɒpəθi/ n.  the treatment of disease by conventional means, i.e. with drugs having opposite effects to the symptoms (cf. 参见 HOMOEOPATHY) 对抗疗法(即采用对病症的好转起反作用的疗法) □ allopathic  /æləˈpæθik/ adj.  □ allopathist  n.   [German Allopathie (as ALLO-, -PATHY)]

allopatric /æləˈpætrik/ adj. Biol.  occurring in separate geographical areas 【生】在不同地区生长的；分布区不重叠的 [ALLO- + Greek patra ‘fatherland’]

allophone /ˈæləfəʊn/ n. Linguistics  any of the variant sounds forming a single phoneme 【语言学】音位变体 □ allophonic  /æləˈfɒnik/ adj.   [ALLO- + PHONEME]

allot /əˈlɒt/ v. tr. (allotted, allotting)  1  give or apportion to (a person) as a share or task; distribute officially to (按人正式)分配，分派  they allotted us each a pair of boots  他们分给我们每人一双靴子 the men were allotted duties  那些人被分派了工作 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  give or distribute officially to (正式)分给，分发  a sum was allotted to each charity  每次慈善活动都得到一笔拨款 [Old French aloter (as A-3 + LOT)]

allotment /əˈlɒtm(ə)nt/ n.  1 Brit.  a small piece of land rented (usu. from a local authority) for cultivation [英] (通常从当地政府租来的)小块耕地 2  a share allotted 分得份额 3  the action of allotting 分配，分发

allotrope /ˈælətrəʊp/ n.  each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist 同素异形体  graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon  石墨、焦炭和钻石都是碳的同素异形体 [back-formation from ALLOTROPY]

allotropy /əˈlɒtrəpi/ n.  the existence of two or more different physical forms of a chemical element 同素异形(现象) □ allotropic  /æləˈtrɒpik/ adj.  □ allotropical  /æləˈtrɒpik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek allotropos ‘of another form’, (as ALLO- + tropos ‘manner’ from trepō ‘turn’)]

allottee /əlɒˈti:/ n.  a person to whom something is allotted 接受分配的人

all-out  see 见 all out (ALL) 

all-over attrib. adj.  covering the whole of something 整个的，遍布的  an all-over tan  全身晒黑

allow /əˈlaʊ/ v.  1 tr.  permit (a practice, a person to do something, a thing to happen or be done, etc.) 准许，允许(某一行为、某人做某事、某事发生等)  smoking is not allowed  不准吸烟 we allowed them to speak  我们允许他们发言 2 tr.  give or provide; permit (a person) to have (a limited quantity or sum) 给，提供(一定数量)  we were allowed £ 500 a year  我们每年可得到 500 英镑 3 tr.  provide or set aside for a purpose; add or deduct in consideration of something 留出；(为某种目的)增加或扣除  allow 10% for inflation  留出 10% 应付通货膨胀 4 tr.  a  admit, agree, concede 同意，赞成；让步  he allowed that it was so  他承认事情就是这样 ‘You know best, ’ he allowed  “你最了解此事”，他让步道b dial.  assert; be of the opinion [方]断言；认为 5 refl.  permit oneself, indulge oneself in (conduct) 放任，听任  allowed herself to be persuaded  甘愿她自己被说服 allowed myself a few angry words  信口说了几句生气的话 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  admit of 允许进入，放行 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  take into consideration or account; make addition or deduction corresponding to 考虑；把…考虑进去；根据…增减  allowing for wastage  把损耗算进去 □ allowable  adj.  □ allowably  adv.   [Middle English, originally = ‘praise, assign as a right’, from Old French alouer, partly from Latin allaudare ‘to praise’, partly from medieval Latin allocare ‘to place’: see ALLOCATE]

allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an amount or sum allowed to a person, esp. regularly for a stated purpose 津贴，补贴b N. Amer. [北美]  = POCKET MONEY 2  2  an amount allowed in reckoning 限额，配给额；定量 3  a deduction or discount 折扣  an allowance on your old cooker  你那个旧炊具的折扣 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  tolerance of 对…的容忍，认可 ●v. tr.  1  make an allowance to (a person) 给(某人)补贴，津贴 2  supply in limited quantities 限量供给 □ make allowances  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  1  take into consideration (mitigating circumstances) 考虑到(可使过失减轻的情节)  made allowances for his demented state  考虑到他的精神错乱状态 2  look with tolerance upon; make excuses for (a person, bad behaviour, etc.) 容忍；谅解(某人或不良行为等) [Middle English from Old French alouance (as ALLOW)]

allowedly /əˈlaʊidli/ adv.  as is generally allowed or acknowledged 公认地，为人们所承认地

alloy n. & v. ●n. /ˈælɔi/  1  a mixture of two or more chemical elements at least one of which is a metal, e.g. brass (a mixture of copper and zinc) 合金(例如黄铜是铜锌合金) 2  an inferior metal mixed esp. with gold or silver (尤指与金或银熔合的)贱金属 ●v. tr. /əˈlɔi/  1  mix (metals) 将(金属)熔炼成合金 2  a  debase (a pure substance) by admixture (通过混合)降低纯度b  reduce the quality or spoil the character of a thing by adding something else (通过添加物质)破坏质量；降低品位 3  moderate 使缓和 [French aloi (n.), aloyer (v.) via Old French aloier, aleier ‘combine’ from Latin alligare ‘bind’]

all-party attrib. adj.  involving all (esp. political) parties 涉及所有(尤指政治)党派的

all-pervading adj. (also 亦作 all-pervasive)  pervading everything 四处弥漫的；无孔不入的

all-points bulletin n. US  a general alert issued among police officers, esp. one giving information for the capture of a suspected criminal [美] (发给警察的)通令(尤指为抓捕嫌疑犯的信息)

all-powerful adj.  having complete power; almighty 具有绝对权力的；无所不能的

all-purpose adj.  suitable for many uses 适于多种用途的，通用的

all right  see 见 ALL 

all-right attrib. adj. colloq.  fine, acceptable [口]很好，可以  an all-right guy  一个不错的人

all-round attrib. adj. (of a person) versatile (人)多才多艺的，多能的

all-rounder n. Brit.  a versatile person or thing [英]多才多艺的人，多面手

All Saints' Day n.  a Christian festival in honour of the saints, 1 Nov. 万圣节(基督教一节日， 11 月 1 日)

all-seater adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a sports stadium etc.) providing only seats and no standing places (指体育场馆等)只售坐票(无站票)的

allseed /ˈɔ:lsi:d/ n.  any of various plants producing much seed, esp. Radiola linoides 多种子植物，多子植物

All Souls' Day n.  a Roman Catholic festival with prayers for the souls of the dead, 2 Nov. 万灵节(罗马天主教一节日， 11 月 2 日)

allspice /ˈɔ:lspais/ n.  1  a  the aromatic spice obtained from the ground berry of the W. Indian tree Pimenta dioica 多香果粉(西印度产的一种香料)b  this plant Also called 亦称作 PIMENTO 多香果树 2  any of various other aromatic shrubs 芳香性灌木

all-star adj. & n. ●adj.  composed wholly of outstanding performers 全部由明星组成的，全明星的 ●n. N. Amer.  a member of an all-star group or team [北美]全明星队员

all-ticket adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of an event) that may be attended only by those with tickets (指活动)全部凭票入场的

all-time attrib. adj. (of a record etc.) hitherto unsurpassed (指纪录等)迄今尚无人打破的

allude /əˈlu:d, əˈlju:d/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  refer to indirectly or covertly 暗指，影射；间接提到 2 disp.  mention [异议]提到，提及 [Latin alludere (as AD-, ludere lus- ‘play’)]■Usage 用法说明 Allude to should not be used simply as a synonym for mention. The sentence Mr Smith was alluded to several times, though not actually mentioned by name, in the president's speech illustrates the difference. 不要把 allude to 简单地当作 mention 的同义词使用。句子 Mr Smith was alluded to several times, though not actually mentioned by name, in the president's speech (总统在讲话里虽然没有提到名字，但几次暗示到了史密斯先生)。说明了两者的区别。 

all-up weight n. Brit.  the total weight of an aircraft with passengers, cargo, etc. when airborne [英]飞机升空的总重量(包括乘客、货物等)

allure /əˈljʊə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  attract, charm, or fascinate 吸引，诱惑；使着迷 ●n.  attractiveness, personal charm; fascination 吸引力，魅力，诱惑力 □ allurement  n.   [Middle English from Old French alurer ‘attract’ (as AD-, luere LURE1 v. 1)]

allusion /əˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an indirect or passing reference 间接提及；顺便提及 [French allusion or Late Latin allusio (as ALLUDE)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse allusion with illusion. See also Usage Note at ALLUDE. 注意不要将 allusion 和 illusion 混淆。另见 ALLUDE 的用法注释。 

allusive /əˈlu:siv, -ˈlju:-/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  containing an allusion 暗指的，隐喻的 2  containing many allusions 充满隐喻的；引用典故的 □ allusively  adv.  □ allusiveness  n.  

alluvial /əˈlu:viəl, -ˈlju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to alluvium 冲积的，淤积的 ●n.  alluvium, esp. containing a precious metal 冲积层，冲积土；(尤指含有贵重金属的)冲积矿床

alluvion /əˈlu:viən, -ˈlju:-/ n. Law  the formation of new land by the movement of the sea or of a river 【法律】(因海洋或河流的冲积作用而形成的)新陆地，自然增长土地 [French from Latin alluvio-onis, from luere ‘wash’]

alluvium /əˈlu:viəm, -ˈlju:-/ n. (pl. alluvia /-viə/ or alluviums)  a deposit of usu. fine fertile soil left during a time of flood, esp. in a river valley or delta (尤指河谷或河口处的通常有肥力的)冲积层；冲积土，淤泥 [Latin, neut. of alluvius (adj.), from luere ‘wash’]

all-weather adj.  of, relating to, or suitable for all types of weather 全天候的 usu. 通常作 attrib: all-weather track  全天候轨道

all-wheel drive n. N. Amer. [北美]  = FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE 

ally1 /ˈælai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a state formally cooperating or united with another for a special purpose, esp. by a treaty 同盟国，盟国 2  a person or organization that cooperates with or helps another 同盟者，盟友 ●v. tr. /also 亦作 əˈlai/ (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  combine or unite in alliance 结盟；联合 [Middle English via Old French al(e)ier from Latin alligare ‘bind’: cf. ALLOY]

ally2 /ˈæli/ n. (also 亦作 alley) (pl. -ies or -eys)  a choice playing-marble made of marble, alabaster, or glass (由大理石、雪花石膏或玻璃制作的)游戏弹子 [perhaps diminutive of ALABASTER]

-ally /əli/ suffix  forming adverbs from adjectives in -al (cf. 参见 -AL, -LY2, -ICALLY) 用于以 al 结尾的形容词后面以构成副词

allyl /ˈælail, -lil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the unsaturated monovalent radical CH2= CH-CH2- 【化】烯丙基 (CH2= CH-CH2-) [Latin allium ‘garlic’ + -YL]

almacantar var.  of ALMUCANTAR  ALMUCANTAR 的变体

Alma Mater /ˌælmə ˈmɑ:tə, ˈmeit-/ n. (also 亦作 alma mater)  the university, school, or college one attends or attended 母校 [Latin, = bounteous mother]

almanac /ˈɔ:lmənæk, ˈɒl-/ n. (also 亦作 almanack)  1  an annual table, or book of tables, containing a calendar of months and days and usu. astronomical data and other information 年历，台历 2  a usu. annual directory or handbook containing statistical and other information of either general or specialist interest 历书，年鉴 [Middle English via medieval Latin almanac(h) from Greek almenikhiaka]

almandine /ˈælməndi:n, -dain/ n.  a kind of garnet with a violet tint 铁铝榴石，贵榴石 [French, alteration of obsolete alabandine from medieval Latin alabandina, from Alabanda, an ancient city in Asia Minor, where these stones were cut]

almighty /ɔ:lˈmaiti/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  having complete power; omnipotent 有绝对权力的；全能的，万能的 2 (作 the Almighty)  God 上帝 3 slang  very great [俚语]非常的，巨大的  an almighty crash  剧烈的碰撞 ●adv. slang  extremely; very much [俚语]极度地；非常地 [Old English œlmihtig (as ALL, MIGHTY)]

almond /ˈɑ:mənd/ n.  1  the oval nutlike seed (kernel) of the stone fruit from the tree Prunus dulcis, of which there are sweet and bitter varieties 杏仁；巴旦杏，扁桃 2 (in full 全称 almond tree)  the tree itself, of the rose family and allied to the peach and plum 巴旦杏树，扁桃树 [Middle English via Old French alemande etc., medieval Latin amandula, and Latin amygdala from Greek amugdalē]

almond eyes n. pl.  narrow almond-shaped eyes 杏眼(像杏仁形状的眼睛)

almond oil n.  the oil expressed from the seed of the almond (esp. the bitter variety), used for toilet preparations, flavouring, and medicinal purposes 杏仁油(可用于香水制作、调味和医疗)

almond paste n.  = MARZIPAN 

almoner /ˈɑ:mənə, ˈælm-/ n. hist. [史义]  1 Brit. [英]  = HOSPITAL SOCIAL WORKER  2  an official distributor of alms 施赈官员；分发救济品的人员 [Middle English from Anglo-French aumoner, Old French aumonier, ultimately from medieval Latin eleēmosynarius (as ALMS)]

almost /ˈɔ:lməʊst/ adv.  all but; very nearly 几乎，将近，差不多 [Old English ælmœˉst ‘for the most part’ (as ALL, MOST)]

alms /ɑ:mz/ n. pl. hist.  charitable donations of money or food to the poor [史义]救济款；救济粮；施舍物 [Old English ælmysse, -messe from Germanic, ultimately from Greek eleēmosunē ‘compassionateness’ via eleēmōn (adj.) from eleos ‘compassion’]

almshouse /ˈɑ:mzhaʊs/ n. hist.  a house founded by charity for the poor [史义]济贫院，福利院

almucantar /ælməˈkæntə/ n. (also 亦作 almacantar) Astron.  a line of constant altitude above the horizon 【天】地平纬线，等高线 [Middle English via medieval Latin almucantarath or French almucantara etc. from Arabic almukantarɑˉt (pl.) ‘lines of celestial latitude’, from kantara ‘arch’]

aloe /ˈæləʊ/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Aloe, usu. having toothed fleshy leaves 芦荟树 2 (in pl. 用复数) (in full 全称 bitter aloes)  a strong laxative obtained from the bitter juice of various species of aloe 芦荟叶汁(一种泻药) 3 (also 亦作 American aloe)  an agave native to Central America, which flowers only once in many years, and from whose sap tequila is made ; also called 亦称作 century plant 美洲世纪树，龙蛇兰 [Old English al(e)we via Latin aloē from Greek]

aloe vera /ˈviərə/ n.  1  a Caribbean aloe, Aloe vera, yielding a gelatinous substance used esp. in cosmetics as an emollient 芦荟(可提取化妆品或软化剂) 2  this substance 芦荟制品 [modern Latin, = true aloe]

aloft /əˈlɒft/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  high up; overhead 在高处，在上面；在头顶 2  upwards 向上，往上 [Middle English from Old Norse ɑˊ lopt(i), from ɑˊ ‘in, on, to’ + lopt ‘air’: cf. LIFT, LOFT]

alogical /eiˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not logical 不合逻辑的 2  opposed to logic 违反逻辑的

aloha /əˈləʊhə/ int. & n.  a Hawaiian expression of love or affection, used as a greeting and at parting 欢迎；再见(夏威夷人的一种问候语)

aloha shirt n.  a loose brightly coloured Hawaiian shirt 夏威夷衬衫(一种颜色鲜艳宽松的衬衫)

alone /əˈləʊn/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  a  without others present 单独的(地)，孤零零的(地)  they wanted to be alone  他们想独处 the tree stood alone  那棵树孤零零地站着b  without others' help 以独自的力量，独自地  succeeded alone  独自取得成功c  lonely and wretched 寂寞的(地)，孤独的(地)  felt alone  感到孤独 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  standing by oneself in an opinion etc. (意见等)独特的(地)，独一无二的(地)  was alone in thinking this  一个人这样想 3  only, exclusively 仅仅，只有  you alone can help me  只有你能帮助我 □ go it alone   act by oneself without assistance 独自做，独自行动□ aloneness  n.   [Middle English from ALL + ONE]

along /əˈlɒŋ/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  from one end to the other end of 沿着，循着  a handkerchief with lace along the edge  带花边的手帕 2  on or through any part of the length of 沿纵长方向  was walking along the road  沿街走过 3  beside or through the length of 沿平行方向，顺着  shelves stood along the wall  几个书架靠墙排开 ●adv.  1  onward; into a more advanced state 向前，进入更高阶段  come along  跟上来 getting along nicely  进展不错 2  at or to a particular place; arriving 在某处；到达  I'll be along soon  我很快就到 3  in company with a person, esp. oneself 与…一道；随身带着  bring a book along  随身带来一本书 4  beside or through part or the whole length of a thing 纵长地，平行地 □ along with   in addition to; together with 另外，加之；与…随同 [Old English andlang from West Germanic, related to LONG1]

alongshore /əlɒŋˈʃɔ:/ adv.  along or by the shore 沿岸；在海岸边

alongside /əlɒŋˈsaid/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  at or to the side (of a ship, pier, etc.) 与…并排；在(船、码头等)旁边 ●prep.  close to the side of; next to 在…一侧；靠近 □ alongside of   side by side with; together or simultaneously with 与…并排；一起，同时

aloof /əˈlu:f/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  distant, unsympathetic 疏远的；冷淡的 ●adv.  away, apart 超然离群地  he kept aloof from his colleagues  他和同事们很疏远 □ aloofly  adv.  □ aloofness  n.   [originally nautical, from A2 + LUFF]

alopecia /æləˈpi:ʃə/ n. Med.  the absence (complete or partial) of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness 【医】脱毛；脱发；秃头症 [Latin, from Greek alōpekia ‘fox-mange’ from alōpēx ‘fox’]

aloud /əˈlaʊd/ adv.  1  audibly; not silently or in a whisper 出声地，有声地 2 archaic  loudly [古义]大声地 [A2 + LOUD]

alow /əˈləʊ/ adv. & predic. adj. Naut.  in or into the lower part of a ship 【海】在船底；往下，向下 [A2 + LOW1]

alp /ælp/ n.  1  a  a high mountain 高山，大山b (作 the Alps)  the high range of mountains in Switzerland and adjoining countries (位于瑞士和相邻国家的)阿尔卑斯山(脉) 2 (in Switzerland) pastureland on a mountainside (瑞士)山边草地，山地牧场 [originally pl., from French via Latin Alpes from Greek Alpeis]

alpaca /ælˈpækə/ n.  1  a S. American mammal, Lama pacos, related to the llama, with long shaggy hair (南美的)羊驼 2  wool from this animal 羊驼毛 3  fabric made from the wool, with or without other fibres (纯或混纺的)羊驼毛纤维，羊驼呢 [Spanish, from Aymara or Quechua]

alpargata /ælpɑ:ˈɡɑ:tə/ n.  a light canvas shoe with a plaited fibre sole; an espadrille 帆布轻便鞋；布面平底凉鞋 [Spanish]

alpenhorn /ˈælpənhɔ:n/ n.  a long wooden horn used by Alpine herdsmen to call their cattle (阿尔卑斯山区牧民用于召唤牲畜的)木制长号角 [German, = Alp-horn]

alpenstock /ˈælpənstɒk/ n.  a long iron-tipped staff used in hillwalking 铁头登山杖 [German, = Alp-stick]

alpha /ˈælfə/ n.  1  the first letter of the Greek alphabet (A, α) 希腊字母表的第一个字母，阿尔法 2 Brit.  a first-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英] (工作或考试成绩的)优等， A 级 3 (作 Alpha) Astron.  the first (usu. brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive 后跟拉丁语属格 : Alpha Centauri 半人马星座主星) 【天】(星座中的)主星(通常是最亮的) □ alpha and omega   the beginning and the end; the most important features 开头和结尾；全部；要点 [Middle English, via Latin from Greek]

alphabet /ˈælfəbet/ n.  1  the set of letters used in writing a language (一种语言的)全部字母，字母表  the Russian alphabet  俄语字母表 2  a set of symbols or signs representing letters (代表字母的)符号(记号)系统 [Late Latin alphabetum from Greek alpha, bēta, the first two letters of the alphabet]

alphabetical /ælfəˈbetik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 alphabetic /-ˈbetik/)  1  of or relating to an alphabet 字母的；关于字母的 2  in the order of the letters of the alphabet 按字母顺序的 □ alphabetically  adv.  

alphabetize /ˈælfəbətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  arrange (words, names, etc.) in alphabetical order 按字母顺序排列(单词、名称等) □ alphabetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

alphabet soup n. colloq.  a confusing variety of acronyms or symbols [口]字母汤(指一大堆易混淆的缩写、字母等) [alluding to a kind of clear soup containing pasta in the shapes of letters]

alpha decay n.  radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted 阿尔法衰变，α衰变

alphanumeric /ælfənju:ˈmerik/ adj. (also 亦作 alphanumerical)  containing both alphabetical and numerical symbols 字母数字混编的，包含字母和数字的 [ALPHABETIC + NUMERICAL]

alpha particle n. (also 亦作 alpha ray)  a helium nucleus emitted by a radioactive substance, originally regarded as a ray 阿尔法粒子，α粒子；阿尔法射线，α射线

alpha rhythm n. (also 亦作 alpha waves) Physiol.  the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and relaxed, with a frequency of approx. 8 to 13 hertz 【生理】α节律，α脑波(人脑在清醒平静状态时的电波，约 8 到 13 赫兹)

alpha test n. & v. ●n.  a test of machinery, software, etc. carried out by the developer before the product is made available for beta testing 阿尔法测试(机械、软件等开发过程中的测试，在贝塔测试之前) ●v. tr.  subject (a product) to an alpha test 对(某种产品)进行阿尔法测试

alpine /ˈælpain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or relating to high mountains 高山的，山地的b  growing or found on high mountains 生长于高山的，产于高山地区的 2 (作 Alpine)  of or relating to the Alps 阿尔卑斯山区的 3 (作 Alpine) (of skiing) involving fast downhill racing (滑雪)速降比赛的 ●n.  1  a plant native to mountain districts 高山地区植物 2  a plant suited to rock gardens 适于石园林的植物 [Latin Alpinus: see ALP]

Alpinist /ˈælpinist/ n. (also 亦作 alpinist)  a climber of high mountains, esp. in the Alps (尤指阿尔卑斯山的)登山家，登山者 [French alpiniste (as ALPINE; see -IST)]

already /ɔ:lˈredi/ adv.  1  before the time in question 先前；已经  I knew that already  我已经知道了 2  as early or as soon as this 早已，早在…  already at the age of six  早在 6 岁时 3 N. Amer. colloq.  as an intensive at the end of a phrase, to express impatience [北美口]早就，早已经(用于句末，表示不耐烦的用语)  enough already!  早就够了！ [ALL adv. + READY: sense 3 influenced by Yiddish use]

alright /ɔ:lˈrait/ adj., adv. & int. disp. [异议]  = all right (see 见 ALL) ■Usage 用法说明 Although widely used, alright is still nonstandard and considered incorrect by many people. 拼写形式 alright 尽管很常见，但属非规范用法，而且很多人认为是错误的。 

Alsatian /ælˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a large dog of a breed used as guard dogs etc. and for police work 阿尔萨斯狗，德国牧羊狗(用于看护和协助警察工作)b  this breed Also called 亦称作 German shepherd (dog) 阿尔萨斯品种的狗，德国牧羊狗 2  a native of Alsace, a region of eastern France (法国东部)阿尔萨斯人 ●adj.  of or relating to Alsace or its inhabitants 阿尔萨斯的；阿尔萨斯人的 [Alsatia (the ancient name of Alsace) + -AN]

alsike /ˈælsik/ n.  a species of clover, Trifolium hybridum 杂种车轴草 [named after Alsike in Sweden]

also /ˈɔ:lsəʊ/ adv.  in addition; likewise; besides 也，而且；同样；此外 [Old English alswɑˉ (as ALL adv., SO1)]

also-ran n.  1  a horse or dog etc. not among the winners in a race 比赛落榜的马、狗等 2  an undistinguished person 无名者，不出名的人

alstroemeria /ælstrəˈmiəriə/ n.  an ornamental plant of the S. American genus Alstroemeria (lily family), with showy lily-like flowers 南美百合(一种百合属观赏植物) [modern Latin, named after K. von Alstroemer, Swedish naturalist d. 1796]

Alta. abbr.  Alberta [缩略] (加拿大)阿尔伯达省

altar /ˈɔ:ltə, ˈɒl-/ n.  1  a table or flat-topped block, often of stone, for making sacrifices or offerings to a deity (通常为石头的)祭坛，圣坛 2  a Communion table 圣餐台 □ lead to the altar   marry (a woman) 把…领到教堂举行婚礼，娶(女人)为妻 [Old English altar -er, Germanic adoption of Late Latin altar, altarium, from Latin altaria (pl.) ‘burnt offerings, altar’, probably related to adolēre ‘burn in sacrifice’]

altar boy n.  a boy who serves as a priest's assistant in a service 牧师助理，侍童

altarpiece /ˈɔ:ltəpi:s, ˈɒl-/ n.  a piece of art, esp. a painting, set above or behind an altar (圣坛上面或后面的)饰物，装饰画

altazimuth /ælˈtæziməθ/ n.  an instrument for measuring altitude and azimuth in astronomy and navigation, or vertical and horizontal angles in surveying 地平经纬仪 usu. 通常作 attrib.: altazimuth mount  地平经纬仪座 [ALTITUDE + AZIMUTH]

alter /ˈɔ:ltə, ˈɒl-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become different; change 更改，修改；改变 2 tr. US & Austral.  castrate or spay [美澳]阉割，去势；去掉卵巢 □ alterable  adj.  □ alteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French alterer and Late Latin alterare from Latin alter ‘other’]

alterative /ˈɔ:lt(ə)rətiv, ˈɒl-/ adj.  tending to produce alteration 引起改变的，有助于改变的 [Middle English, from medieval Latin alterativus (as ALTER)]

altercate /ˈɔ:ltəkeit, ˈɒl-/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  dispute hotly; wrangle 激烈争论，争辩；吵架 □ altercation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin altercari altercat-]

alter ego /ˌæltər ˈeɡəʊ, ˌɒlt-, ˈi:ɡ-/ n. (pl. alter egos)  1  a person's secondary or alternative personality 另一个自我，个性的另一面 2  an intimate and trusted friend 密友，挚友 [Latin, = other self]

alternate v., adj. & n. ●v. /ˈɔ:ltəneit, ˈɒl-/  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of two things) succeed each other by turns (指两种事物)交替；更迭  rain and sunshine alternated  一会儿晴，一会儿阴 elation alternated with depression  高兴一阵，难过一阵 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 between)  change repeatedly (between two conditions) (两种情况)不断更替，轮流  the patient alternated between hot and cold fevers  病人忽而发热，忽而发冷 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  cause (two things) to succeed each other by turns 使(两事物)连续交替，兼施  the band alternated fast and slow tunes  乐队交替演奏快、慢旋律 we alternated criticism with reassurance  我们批评与肯定兼施 ●adj. /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət, ɒl-/  1 (with noun in pl. 跟复数名词)  every other 每隔一个的，间隔的  comes on alternate days  隔一天来一次 2 (of things of two kinds) each following and succeeded by one of the other kind (两类不同事物)交替出现的，轮流的  alternate joy and misery  悲喜交加 3 (of a sequence etc.) consisting of alternate things 由交替物组成的(序列等) 4 Bot. (of leaves etc.) placed alternately on the two sides of the stem 【植】(树叶等)互生的 5 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = ALTERNATIVE an alternate route  可选择路线  ●n. /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət, ɒl-/ esp. N. Amer.  a deputy or substitute [尤北美]代理人；替代品 □ alternately  /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətli, ɒl-/ adv.   [Latin alternatus, past part. of alternare ‘do things by turns’, from alternus ‘every other’ from alter ‘other’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ALTERNATIVE. 参看 ALTERNATIVE 用法注释。 

alternate angles n. pl.  two angles, not adjoining one another, that are formed on opposite sides of a line that intersects two other lines (一对)错角

alternating current n.  an electric current that reverses its direction at regular intervals (abbr. 缩略 : AC, ac) 交流电

alternation /ɔ:ltəˈneiʃ(ə)n, ɒl-/ n.  the action or result of alternating 交替，轮换，轮流

alternation of generations n. Biol.  a reproductive pattern in which two different forms (often sexual and asexual or haploid and diploid) alternate in the life cycle, as in ferns and some jellyfish 【生】(某些物种的两种不同性别或形态的)世代交替(见于蕨类和一些水母类)

alternative /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətiv, ɒl-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of one or more things) available or usable instead of another (指一个或多个东西)可相互替代使用的  an alternative route  另一可选择的路径 2 (of two things) mutually exclusive (两事物)互不包容的 3  of or relating to practices that offer a substitute for the conventional ones 供替代(通常所用者)的  alternative theatre  供替代的剧场 ●n.  1  any of two or more possibilities 两种(或多种可能性的)抉择，取舍 2  the freedom or opportunity to choose between two or more things (在二者或多者中)选择的自由，挑选的余地  I had no alternative but to go  我别无选择，只能前去 □ alternatively  adv.   [French alternatif -ive or medieval Latin alternativus (as ALTERNATE)]■Usage 用法说明 Use in sense 1 with reference to more than two options (e.g. many alternative methods) is common, and acceptable. Alternative should not be used in place of alternate in the sense ‘every other’, e.g. There was a dance on alternate Saturdays. 释义 1 用于两种以上选择的情况(如 many alternative methods 很多可选方案)很常见，也被广泛接受；注意在“每隔一个”意义上， alternative 不能与 alternate 混用(如 There was a dance on alternate Saturdays 每隔一周的周六有舞会)。 

alternative birth n. (also 亦作 alternative birthing)  any method of childbirth in which the delivery occurs at home or in a similar environment, often with minimal medical intervention 非传统分娩法(一般指在家中或类似环境中进行，通常很少用医疗器械)

alternative comedy n.  a style of comedy which seeks to reject established (esp. racist or sexist) stereotypes 摒弃传统套路(尤指种族主义或大男子主义)的另类喜剧

alternative energy n.  energy fuelled in ways that do not use up the earth's natural resources or otherwise harm the enviroment (不会耗尽地球上自然资源或不会破坏环境的)替代能源

alternative fuel n.  a fuel other than petrol for powering motor vehicles (不用汽油驱动汽车的)替代燃料

alternative medicine n.  any of a range of medical therapies not regarded as orthodox by the medical profession, e.g. chiropractic, faith healing, herbalism, homoeopathy, and reflexology Also called 亦称作 complementary medicine 非正统医疗(如按摩疗法、意念疗法、草药疗法、顺势疗法、反射疗法等)

alternative society n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) esp. Brit.  a group of people dissociating themselves from conventional society and its values [尤英]他择性社会(指脱离传统社会及其价值观的群体)

alternator /ˈɔ:ltəneitə, ˈɒl-/ n.  a dynamo that generates an alternating current 交流发电机

althorn /ˈælthɔ:n/ n. Mus.  an instrument of the saxhorn family, esp. the alto or tenor saxhorn in E flat 【音】中音萨克号，中铜角 [German, from alt ‘high’ (from Latin altus) + HORN]

although /ɔ:lˈðəʊ, ɒl-/ conj.  = THOUGHconj. 1, 3, 4  [Middle English from ALL adv. + THOUGH]

altimeter /ˈæltimi:tə/ n.  an instrument for showing height above sea or ground level, esp. one fitted to an aircraft (尤指飞机上的)测高仪，高度计 [Latin altus ‘high’ + -METER]

altitude /ˈæltitju:d/ n.  1  the height of an object in relation to a given point, esp. sea level or the horizon 高度(尤指海拔高度) 2 Geom.  the length of the perpendicular from a vertex to the opposite side of a figure 【几】顶垂线；高线 3  a high or exalted position 高处，高位  a social altitude  显赫的社会地位 □ altitudinal  /æltiˈtju:din(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English, from Latin altitudo from altus ‘high’]

altitude sickness n.  a sickness experienced at high altitudes 高山病；高空病

alto /ˈæltəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  = CONTRALTO  2  a  the highest adult male singing voice, above tenor (高于男高音的)男声最高音b  a singer with this voice 男声最高音歌手c  a part written for it 男声最高音曲子 3  a (作 attrib.)  denoting the member of a family of instruments pitched second or third highest 中度音高的，第二或第三高的(乐器)b  an alto instrument, esp. an alto saxophone 中度音高的乐器(尤指中音萨克斯管) [Italian alto (canto) ‘high (singing)’]

alto clef n.  a clef placing middle C on the middle line of the staff, used chiefly for viola music 中音谱号(即中音 C 至于中线上，主要用于中提琴乐谱)

altocumulus /æltəʊˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud formed at medium altitude as a layer of rounded masses with a level base 【气】(在中高度形成的一层平底圆气团)高积云 [modern Latin, from Latin altus ‘high’ + CUMULUS]

altogether /ɔ:ltəˈɡeðə, ɒl-/ adv.  1  totally, completely 完全地，全部地  you are altogether wrong  你完全错了 2  on the whole 总体上  altogether it had been a good day  总体上说，那是很不错的一天 3  in total 总计，总共 □ in the altogether  colloq.  naked [口]裸体的，一丝不挂的 [Old English, (as ALL + TOGETHER)]■Usage 用法说明 Note that altogether means ‘in total’, as in there are six bedrooms altogether, whereas all together is used to mean ‘all in one place’ or ‘all at once’, as in there are six bedrooms all together; they came in all together 注意， altogether 的意思是“总计”(如 : there are six bedrooms altogether 共计六个卧室)，而 all together 的意思是“一齐”，“合一”或“同时”(如 : there are six bedrooms all together 有六个卧室在一起； they came in all together 他们一齐都进来了)。 

alto-relievo /ˌæltəʊriˈli:vəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 alto-rilievo /-riˈljeivəʊ/) (pl. -os) Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = high relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in high relief (尤指高浮雕的)雕刻，雕刻艺术品 [Italian alto-rilievo]

altostratus /æltəʊˈstrɑ:təs, -ˈstreitəs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud formed as a continuous uniform layer at medium altitude 【气】(在中高度形成的连续一致的云层)高层云 [modern Latin, from Latin altus ‘high’ + STRATUS]

altricial /əlˈtriʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a young bird or animal) requiring care and feeding by the parents after hatching or birth (指幼鸟或幼小动物出生后需要父母)守雏的，守巢的，晚成的 2  having such young 有晚成仔的 ●n.  an altricial bird (cf. 参见 PRECOCIAL) 晚成鸟 [Latin altrix altricis fem. of altor ‘nourisher’, from alere ‘nourish’]

altruism /ˈæltrʊiz(ə)m/ n.  1  regard for others as a principle of action 利他主义 2  unselfishness; concern for other people 无私，利他；利他行为 □ altruist  n.  □ altruistic  /æltrʊˈistik/ adj.  □ altruistically  /æltrʊˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French altruisme from Italian altrui ‘somebody else’ (influenced by Latin alter ‘other’)]

alum /ˈæləm/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a double sulphate of aluminium and potassium 明矾 2  any of a group of crystalline salts which are double sulphates of a monovalent metal (or group) and a trivalent metal 明矾类物质 [Middle English via Old French from Latin alumen aluminis]

alumina /əˈlu:minə/ n.  the compound aluminium oxide occurring naturally as corundum and emery Chem. formula 化学分子式 : Al2O3 氧化铝，矾土 [Latin alumen ‘alum’, on the pattern of soda etc.]

aluminium /æljʊˈminiəm/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] aluminum /əˈlu:minəm/)  a silvery light and malleable metallic element resistant to tarnishing by air (symbol 符 Al) 铝 [aluminium, alteration (on the pattern of sodium etc.) from aluminum, earlier alumium, from ALUM + -IUM]

aluminium bronze n.  an alloy of copper and aluminium 铝铜，矾铜

aluminize /əˈlu:minaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  coat with aluminium 用铝覆盖，镀铝 □ aluminization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

aluminosilicate /əˌlu:minəʊˈsilikeit/ n. Mineral.  a silicate containing aluminium, esp. a rock-forming mineral of this kind, e.g. a feldspar, a clay mineral 【矿】铝硅酸盐，硅铝酸盐 [ALUMINIUM + -O- + SILICATE]

alumnus /əˈlʌmnəs/ n. (pl. alumni /-ni/; fem. alumna, pl. alumnae /-ni/)  a former pupil or student of a particular school, college, or university 校友 [Latin, = ‘nursling, pupil’ from alere ‘nourish’]

alveolar /ælˈviələ/ adj.  1  of an alveolus 牙槽的，齿槽的 2 Phonet. (of a consonant) pronounced with the tip of the tongue in contact with the ridge of the upper teeth, e.g. n, s, t 【语音】(辅音)齿龈音的，齿槽音的(如 n, s, t) [ALVEOLUS + -AR1]

alveolus /ælˈviələs, ælviˈəʊləs/ n. (pl. alveoli /-lai, -li:/)  1  a small cavity, pit, or hollow 小孔；小窝；小泡 2  any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange (可供快速气体交换的)肺泡 3  the bony socket for the root of a tooth 牙槽，齿槽 4  the cell of a honeycomb 蜂巢 □ alveolate  /ælˈviələt/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of alveus ‘cavity’]

Alvin /ˈælvin/   阿尔文 [人名]

always /ˈɔ:lweiz, -iz/ adv.  1  at all times; on all occasions 总是，从来  they are always late  他们总是迟到 2  whatever the circumstances 无论如何总还  I can always sleep on the floor  我总还可以睡地板 3  repeatedly; often 一再，老是  they are always complaining  他们老是抱怨 4  for ever; for all time 永远，始终  he will always be a fool  他永远是个傻瓜 [Middle English, probably distributive genitive from ALL + WAY + -'S1]

alyssum /ˈælis(ə)m, əˈlis(ə)m/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant of the genus Alyssum, widely cultivated and usu. having yellow or white flowers 庭荠(十字花科植物栽培广泛，通常开黄花或白花) 2 (in full 全称 sweet alyssum)  a small Mediterranean cruciferous plant, Lobularia maritima, with fragrant white flowers 香雪球(花) [Latin, from Greek alusson]

Alzheimer's disease /ˈæltshaiməz/ n.  a serious disorder of the brain manifesting itself in premature senility 阿尔茨海默病，早老性痴呆病(一种严重的脑部疾患) [named after A. Alzheimer, German neurologist (d. 1915), who first identified it]

A. & M. abbr. (Hymns) Ancient and Modern [缩略] (圣歌)古今，从古到今

AM abbr. [缩略]  1  amplitude modulation  2 US  Master of Arts [美]文学硕士 3  Member of the Order of Australia 澳大利亚受(女王)册封人士 [(sense 2) Latin artium Magister]

Am symb. Chem.  the element americium [符]【化】(化学元素)镅

a.m. abbr.  before noon [缩略]上午，早上 [Latin ante meridiem]

am 1st person sing. present  of BE  

amadavat var.  of AVADAVAT  AVADAVAT 的变体

amadou /ˈæmədu:/ n.  a spongy and combustible tinder prepared from dry fungi 火绒(一种海绵状、可燃烧的引火物) [French from modern Provençal, literally ‘lover’ (because quickly kindled) from Latin (as AMATEUR)]

amah /ˈɑ:mə/ n. (in the Far East and India) a nursemaid or maid (远东及印度)奶妈，保姆 [Portuguese ama ‘nurse’]

amalgam /əˈmælɡəm/ n.  1  a mixture or blend 混合，混合物 2  an alloy of mercury with one or more other metals, used esp. in dentistry (尤用于牙科学的)汞合金，汞齐 [Middle English via French amalgame or medieval Latin amalgama from Greek malagma ‘an emollient’]

amalgamate /əˈmælɡəmeit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  combine or unite to form one structure, organization, etc. 联合，合并，兼并 2 intr. (of metals) alloy with mercury 使(金属)与汞混合，制造汞合金 □ amalgamation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin amalgamare amalgamat- (as AMALGAM)]

Amanda /əˈmændə/   阿曼达 [人名]

amanuensis /əˌmænjʊˈensis/ n. (pl. amanuenses /-si:z/)  1  a person who writes from dictation or copies manuscripts 抄写员，书记员，文书 2  a literary assistant (文学上的)助手，执笔 [Latin from (servus) a manu ‘(slave) at hand(writing), secretary’ + -ensis ‘belonging to’]

amaranth /ˈæmərænθ/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Amaranthus, usu. having small green, red, or purple tinted flowers, e.g. prince's feather 苋属植物(开小的绿、红或紫花) 2  an imaginary flower that never fades (假想中的)不凋花 3  a purple colour 紫色 □ amaranthine  /æməˈrænθain/ adj.   [French amarante or modern Latin amaranthus via Latin from Greek amarantos ‘everlasting’, (as A-1 + marainō ‘wither’), alteration influenced by polyanthus etc.]

amaretto /æməˈretəʊ/ n. (pl. amaretti /-ti/)  1  an Italian almond-flavoured liqueur 意大利杏仁味酒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  Italian almond-flavoured biscuits 意大利杏仁味饼干 [Italian, diminutive of amaro ‘bitter’ (with reference to bitter almonds)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse amaretto/ amaretti ‘a liqueur; almond-flavoured biscuits’ with amoretto ‘a Cupid’. 注意不要将 amaretto/ amaretti (杏仁味酒或杏仁味饼干)和 amoretto (爱神)混淆。 

amaryllis /æməˈrilis/ n.  1  a bulbous lily-like plant, Amaryllis belladonna, native to S. Africa, with white or rose-pink flowers ; also called 亦称作 belladonna lily (南非的)孤挺花(开白色或粉红色花) 2  a related plant formerly of this genus, esp. one of the genus Hippeastrum 孤挺花类植物(尤指石蒜科孤挺花属植物) [Latin, from Greek Amarullis, a name for a country girl in pastoral poetry]

amass /əˈmæs/ v. tr.  1  gather or heap together 收集，聚集 2  accumulate (esp. riches) 积累，积蓄(尤指财富) □ amasser  n.   [French amasser or medieval Latin amassare, ultimately from Latin massa MASS]

amateur /ˈæmətə, -tjʊə/ n.  1  a  a person who engages in a pursuit (e.g. an art or sport) as a pastime rather than a profession (艺术或体育运动等方面的)业余爱好者b derog.  a person who does something unskilfully or amateurishly [贬]外行；略知一二的人 2 (作 attrib.)  for or done by amateurs 业余的，非专业的  amateur athletics  业余运动员 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person who is fond of (a thing) 爱好…的人 □ amateurism  n.   [French, via Italian amatore from Latin amator -oris ‘lover’, from amare ‘love’]

amateurish /ˈæmətəriʃ/ adj.  characteristic of an amateur, esp. derog. one who is unskilful or inept 业余的；[尤贬]外行的；不熟练的 □ amateurishly  adv.  □ amateurishness  n.  

amatory /ˈæmət(ə)ri/ adj.  of or relating to sexual love or desire 性爱的，情欲的 [Latin amatorius, from amare ‘love’]

amaurosis /æmɔ:ˈrəʊsis/ n. Med.  partial or total loss of sight, from disease of the optic nerve, retina, spinal cord, or brain 【医】黑内障，黑矇(部分或完全失明) □ amaurotic  /-ˈrɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, from amauroō ‘darken’ from amauros ‘dim’]

amaze /əˈmeiz/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or that + clause, or to + infin.)  surprise greatly; overwhelm with wonder 使惊愕，使惊讶  am amazed at your indifference  你的漠不关心使我很惊讶 was amazed to find them alive  很惊愕发现他们还活着 □ amazement  n.  □ amazing  adj.  □ amazingly  adv.  □ amazingness  n.   [Old English ɑˉmasian, of uncertain origin]

Amazon /ˈæməz(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of a legendary race of female warriors in Scythia and elsewhere 亚马孙(相传曾居住于黑海沿岸等地区的女武士) 2 (作 amazon)  a very tall, strong, or athletic woman 高大彪悍的女人 □ Amazonian  /æməˈzəʊniən/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek: explained by the Greeks as ‘breastless’ (as if A-1 + mazos ‘breast’), but probably of foreign origin]

amazon ant n.  an ant of the genus Polyergus, which captures pupae of other ant species to raise as slaves (掠夺其他蚂蚁卵并育为工蚁的)悍蚁

ambassador /æmˈbæsədə/ n.  1  an accredited diplomat sent by a state on a mission to, or as its permanent representative in, a foreign country (国家为某使命委任的或常驻一国的)大使 2  a representative or promoter of a specified thing 使节，特使  an ambassador of peace  和平使者 □ ambassadorial  /æmbæsəˈdɔ:riəl, æmˈbæs-/ adj.  □ ambassadorship  n.   [Middle English via French ambassadeur from Italian ambasciator, ultimately from Latin ambactus ‘servant’]

ambassador-at-large n. N. Amer.  an ambassador with special duties, not appointed to a particular country [北美] (不特驻某一国的)巡回大使，无任所大使

ambassadress /æmˈbæsədris/ n.  1  a female ambassador 女大使 2  an ambassador's wife 大使夫人

ambatch /ˈæmbætʃ/ n.  an African tree, Aeschynomene elaphroxylon, with very light spongy wood 田皂角(一种产于非洲、木质松软的树) [Ethiopic]

amber /ˈæmbə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a yellowish translucent fossilized resin deriving from extinct (esp. coniferous) trees and used in jewellery 琥珀b  the honey-yellow colour of this 琥珀色，黄褐色 2  a cautionary yellow light, esp. a traffic light showing between green for ‘go’ and red for ‘stop’ (提醒小心的)黄灯(尤指交通信号灯红、绿之间的) ●adj.  made of or coloured like amber 琥珀制成的；琥珀般的；琥珀色的 [Middle English via Old French ambre from Arabic ˈanbar ‘ambergris, amber’]

ambergris /ˈæmbəɡris, -i:s/ n.  a strong-smelling waxlike secretion of the intestine of the sperm whale, found floating in tropical seas and used in perfume manufacture 龙涎香(抹香鲸分泌的漂浮于热带海面的一种味道强烈的脂状物质，用于制作香料) [Middle English, from Old French ambre gris ‘grey’ AMBER]

amberjack /ˈæmbədʒæk/ n. esp. N. Amer.  any large brightly coloured marine fish of the genus Seriola found in tropical and subtropical Atlantic waters [尤北美]琥珀鱼

ambiance /ɑ˜bjɑ˜s/ n.  = AMBIENCE  [French]

ambidextrous /æmbiˈdekstrəs/ adj.  1  able to use the right and left hands equally well 左右手都善用的，左右开弓 2  working skilfully in more than one medium 两方面都行的；多种才能的 □ ambidexterity  /-ˈsteriti/ n.  □ ambidextrously  adv.  □ ambidextrousness  n.   [Late Latin ambidexter, from Latin ambi- ‘on both sides’ + dexter ‘right-handed’]

ambience /ˈæmbiəns/ n.  1  the surroundings or atmosphere of a place 周围环境；气氛；格调 2  background noise added to a musical recording to give the impression that it was recorded live (在音乐录音中加入的)背景噪音(以使之像现场实况) [AMBIENT + -ENCE or French ambiance]

ambient /ˈæmbiənt/ adj.  surrounding; of the surroundings 周围的；环绕的  ambient temperature  环境温度 [French ambiant or Latin ambiens -entis, pres. part. of ambire ‘go round’]

ambient music n.  background music used to create atmosphere (创造气氛的)背景音乐

ambiguity /æmbiˈɡju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  double meaning, either deliberate or caused by inexactness of expression (故意或由表达不准确引起的)意思含糊，模棱两可  tried to avoid ambiguity in setting out the rules  制定规则时尽量避免模棱两可b  an example of this 含糊的词句；模棱两可的话 2  an expression able to be interpreted in more than one way (e.g. 例如 : dogs must be carried 狗务必带着；狗务必抱着) 可作多种解释的词句 [Middle English, from Old French ambiguité or Latin ambiguitas (as AMBIGUOUS)]

ambiguous /æmˈbiɡjʊəs/ adj.  1  having an obscure or double meaning 意义不明确的，模棱两可的 2  difficult to classify 难于归类的 □ ambiguously  adv.  □ ambiguousness  n.   [Latin ambiguus ‘doubtful’ from ambigere, from ambi- ‘both ways’ + agere ‘drive’]

ambisonics /æmbiˈsɒniks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a system of high-fidelity sound reproduction designed to reproduce the directional and acoustic properties of the sound source using two or more channels (双声道或多声道)高保真放音系统 [Latin ambi- ‘on both sides’ + SONIC]

ambit /ˈæmbit/ n.  1  the scope, extent, or bounds of something 范围，界限；边界 2  precincts or environs 区域；郊区，郊外 [Middle English from Latin ambitus ‘circuit’, from ambire: see AMBIENT]

ambition /æmˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  1  drive to succeed or progress 事业心，野心，志气，抱负  was full of ambition to succeed  志在必得 2  a strong desire or aspiration 渴望，愿望  her ambition to be a doctor  她想当医生的愿望 an ambition to visit Rome  参观罗马的愿望 [Middle English via Old French from Latin ambitio -onis, from ambire ambit- ‘canvass for votes’: see AMBIENT]

ambitious /æmˈbiʃəs/ adj.  1  a  full of ambition 有志向的，有抱负的；有野心的b  showing ambition 雄心勃勃的  an ambitious attempt  雄心勃勃的尝试 2 (foll. by 后跟 of, or to + infin.)  strongly determined 下定决心的 □ ambitiously  adv.  □ ambitiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French ambitieux from Latin ambitiosus (as AMBITION)]

ambivalence /æmˈbiv(ə)l(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 ambivalency /-ənsi/)  the coexistence in one person's mind of opposing feelings, esp. love and hate, in a single context (尤指爱和恨兼有的)矛盾心理，矛盾情绪 □ ambivalent  adj.  □ ambivalently  adv.   [German Ambivalenz from Latin ambo ‘both’, on the pattern of Äquivalenz ‘equivalence’: cf. EQUIVALENT]

ambivert /ˈæmbivɜ:t/ n. Psychol.  a person who fluctuates between being an introvert and an extrovert 【心】(介于内向和外向之间的)中间性格者 □ ambiversion  /æmbiˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin ambi- ‘on both sides’ + -vert from Latin vertere ‘to turn’, on the pattern of EXTROVERT, INTROVERT]

amble /ˈæmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  move at an easy pace, in a way suggesting an ambling horse (像马慢步一样地)缓步慢行，轻松漫步 2 (of a horse etc.) move by lifting the two feet on one side together (马等)同侧两腿同时举起 3  ride an ambling horse; ride at an easy pace 从容地骑马缓行 ●n.  an easy pace; the gait of an ambling horse 缓步；(马)漫步 [Middle English via Old French ambler from Latin ambulare ‘walk’]

amblyopia /æmbliˈəʊpiə/ n.  dimness of vision without obvious defect or change in the eye 弱视 □ amblyopic  /-ˈɒpik/ adj.   [Greek from ambluōpos (adj.), from amblus ‘dull’ + ōps, ōpos ‘eye’]

ambo /ˈæmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or ambones /-ˈbəʊni:z/)  a stand for reading the lesson in an early Christian church etc. (早期基督教教堂等处的)读经台，诵经台 [medieval Latin from Greek ambōn ‘rim’ (in medieval Greek = pulpit)]

amboyna /æmˈbɔinə/ n.  the decorative wood of the SE Asian tree Pterocarpus indicus 青龙木，黄柏木(产于东南亚的一种装饰用木材) [named after Amboina Island in Indonesia]

ambrosia /æmˈbrəʊzjə/ n.  1 (in Greek and Roman mythology) the food of the gods; the elixir of life (希腊、罗马神话中)神的食物；长寿药，万能药 2  anything very pleasing to taste or smell 美味佳肴 3  a  a fungal product used as food by pinhole borers (蠹虫类的)食料b  = BEE-BREAD  □ ambrosial  adj.  □ ambrosian  adj.   [Latin from Greek, = elixir of life, from ambrotos ‘immortal’]

ambrosia beetle n.  a small beetle of the family Scolytidae or Platypodidae, whose larvae are pinhole borers 蠹科甲虫(其幼虫为蠹虫)

ambry var.  of AUMBRY  AUMBRY 的变体

ambulance /ˈæmbjʊl(ə)ns/ n.  1  a vehicle specially equipped for conveying the sick or injured to and from hospital, esp. in emergencies 救护车 2  a mobile hospital following an army (跟随军队的)流动医院，战地医院 [French (as AMBULANT)]

ambulance chaser n. N. Amer. colloq. derog. [北美口] [贬]  1  a lawyer who specializes in personal injury litigation 专门从事人身伤害诉讼事务的律师 2  a person seeking to profit from others' misfortunes 靠别人倒霉获利的人 [from the reputation gained by certain lawyers for attending accidents and encouraging victims to sue]

ambulance man n. (fem. ambulance woman)  a member of an ambulance crew 救护车上的救护人员

ambulant /ˈæmbjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. Med. 【医】  1 (of a patient) able to walk about; not confined to bed (指病人)能四处走动的；非卧床不起的 2 (of treatment) not confining a patient to bed (指治疗方法)不要求病人卧床的 [Latin ambulare ambulant- ‘walk’]

ambulatory /ˈæmbjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  = AMBULANT  2  of or adapted for walking 步行的；善走路的 3  a  movable 可移动的，活动的b  not permanent 非永久性的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a place for walking, esp. an aisle or cloister in a church or monastery (尤指教堂或修道院中)供散步的场所 [Latin ambulatorius, from ambulare ‘walk’]

ambuscade /æmbəˈskeid/ n. & v. ●n.  an ambush 埋伏 ●v.  1 tr.  attack by means of an ambush 伏击 2 intr.  lie in ambush 设伏兵 3 tr.  conceal in an ambush 隐蔽，埋伏 [French embuscade via Italian imboscata or Spanish emboscada from Latin imboscare: see AMBUSH, -ADE1]

ambush /ˈæmbʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a surprise attack by persons (e.g. troops) in a concealed position 伏击，伏击战 2  a  the concealment of troops etc. to make such an attack 隐蔽，设伏兵b  the place where they are concealed 埋伏地点，伏兵阵地c  the troops etc. concealed 伏兵，埋伏的人马 ●v. tr.  1  attack by means of an ambush 伏击 2  lie in wait for 伺机，伺机而动 [Middle English, in the sense ‘set (troops) to ambush’: via Old French embusche, embuschier, from a Romanic form = ‘put in a wood’: related to BUSH1]

ameba US var.  of AMOEBA [美] AMOEBA 的变体 □ amebic  adj.  □ ameboid  adj.  

ameer var.  of AMIR  AMIR 的变体

ameliorate /əˈmi:liəreit/ v. tr. & intr. formal  make or become better; improve [正式]改善，改进；变好 □ amelioration  /əˌmi:liəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ameliorative  adj.  □ ameliorator  n.   [alteration of MELIORATE, influenced by French améliorer]

amen /ɑ:ˈmen, ei-/ int. & n. ●int.  1  uttered at the end of a prayer or hymn etc., meaning ‘so be it’ 阿门(祈祷或赞美等结束时用语) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  expressing agreement or assent 表示同意  amen to that  同意那一点 ●n.  an utterance of ‘amen’ 祈祷(或赞美的)结束语 [Old English via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek from Hebrew 'ɑˉmēn ‘certainly’]

amenable /əˈmi:nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  responsive, tractable 有反应的；肯服从的；易管教的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a person) responsible to law (人)负责任的；守法的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to) (of a thing) subject or liable (事情)受…支配的，可能遭…的 □ amenability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ amenableness  n.  □ amenably  adv.   [Anglo-French (Law) via French amener ‘bring to’ (as A-3 + mener ‘bring’) via Late Latin minare ‘drive (animals)’ from Latin minari ‘threaten’]

amend /əˈmend/ v. tr.  1  make minor improvements in (a text or a written proposal) (对文本、提案等)修改，修订 2  correct an error or errors in (a document) 纠正，改正(文件中的错误)，校改 3  make better; improve 改善，改进 □ amendable  adj.  □ amender  n.   [Middle English, from Old French amender, ultimately from Latin emendare EMEND]■Usage 用法说明 Amend should not be confused with emend, a more technical word used in the context of textual correction. 不要将 amend 和 emend 混淆，后者是用于文章校订的较专业词汇。 

amende honorable /əˌmɒ˜d ɒnɔ:ˈrɑ:b(ə)l, 法 amɑ˜d ɔnɔrabl/ n. (pl. amendes honorables pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a public or open apology, often with some form of reparation 公开道歉(常附带某种补偿) [French, = honourable reparation]

amendment /əˈmen(d)m(ə)nt/ n.  1  a minor improvement in a document (esp. a legal or statutory one) (尤指法律文件或法案的)小修改，修订，修正 2  an article added to the US Constitution (美国宪法的)修正案，修正条款 [AMEND + -MENT]

amends /əˈmen(d)z/ n.   □ make amends  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  compensate or make up (for) 补偿，赔偿；弥补 [Middle English from Old French amendes ‘penalties, fine’, pl. of amende ‘reparation’, from amender AMEND]

amenity /əˈmi:niti, -ˈmen-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a pleasant or useful feature 便利设施；实用设备 2  pleasantness (of a place, person, etc.) (地方、人等的)舒适；愉快 [Middle English from Old French amenité or Latin amoenitas, from amoenus ‘pleasant’]

amenity bed n. Brit.  a bed available in a hospital to give more privacy for a small payment [英] (需补少量费用可享受较清静环境的)舒适病床

amenorrhoea /əmenəˈri:ə/ n. (US [美] amenorrhea) Med.  an abnormal absence of menstruation 【医】(非正常)无月经，闭经 [A-1 + MENORRHOEA]

ament /ˈeiment, əˈment/ n. (also 亦作 amentum /-təm/) (pl. aments or amenta /-tə/) Bot.  a catkin 【植】柔荑花(序) [Latin, = thong]

amentia /eiˈmenʃə, ə-/ n. Med.  severe congenital mental handicap 【医】(严重先天性)智力缺陷，智力残疾 [Latin from amens ament- ‘mad’ (as A-1, mens ‘mind’)]

Amerasian /æməˈreiʃ(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of mixed American and Asian parentage 美亚混血儿的 ●n.  an Amerasian person, esp. a child fathered by an American serviceman in Asia (尤指父亲是在亚洲服役美军的)美亚混血儿 [portmanteau word from AMERICAN + ASIAN]

amerce /əˈmɜ:s/ v. tr.  1 Law  punish by fine 【法律】罚款，处以罚金 2  punish arbitrarily 随意责罚，任意惩罚 □ amercement  n.  □ amerciable  /-siəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English amercy from Anglo-French amercier from ɑˋ merci ‘at (the) mercy’]

America   (see 见 United States of America) 美国

American /əˈmerik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants 美国的；美国人的 2 (usu. in comb. 常用于复合词)  of or relating to the continents of America 美洲大陆的  Latin American  拉丁美洲的 ●n.  1  a native or citizen of the United States 美国人 2 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  a native or inhabitant of the continents of America 美洲人(本地人或居民)  North Americans  北美人 3  the English language as it is used in the United States 美国英语 [modern Latin Americanus from America, from the Latinized form of the name of Amerigo Vespucci, Italian navigator (d. 1512), who made several voyages to the New World]

Americana /əmeriˈkɑ:nə/ n. pl.  things connected with America, esp. with the United States (事物等)与美洲有关的(尤指与美国有关的)

American aloe var.  of ALOE  3 ALOE 3 的变体

American dream n.  the traditional social ideals of the American people, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity 美国梦(指美国人的传统社会理想，如平等、民主、物质繁荣等)

American football n.  a kind of football played with an oval ball, evolved from rugby 美式足球，橄榄球

American Indian n.  a member of a group of indigenous peoples of N. and S. America and the Caribbean 美洲印第安人(南、北美洲及加勒比地区的土著居民)■Usage 用法说明 The term Native American is now often, though not universally, preferred. 现多用(虽不是全部)Native American 。 

Americanism /əˈmerik(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a word, sense, or phrase peculiar to or originating from the United States 美国特有(或起源于美国)的词汇、短语、表达法等b  a thing or feature characteristic of or peculiar to the United States 与美国有关(或美国特有)的事物(或特点) 2  attachment to or sympathy for the United States 崇美主义(指对美国的依附或同情)

Americanize /əˈmerik(ə)naiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  make American in character 使美国化，使带上美国特点b  naturalize as an American 美国本土化；成为美国人 2 intr.  become American in character 带上美国特征，美国化 □ Americanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

American Legion n. (in the US) an association of ex-servicemen formed in 1919 美国军团(即美国退伍兵协会，成立于 1919 年)

American plaice  see 见 PLAICE 2 

American plan n. N. Amer.  a system of charging for a hotel room and meals (cf. 参见 EUROPEAN PLAN) [北美] (旅店膳宿的)美式计费制

americium /æməˈrisjəm/ n. Chem.  an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element (symbol 符 Am) 【化】(人造放射性元素)镅 [America (where it was first made) + -IUM]

Amerind /ˈæmərind/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Amerindian /æməˈrindiən/)  = AMERICAN INDIAN  [portmanteau word from AMERICAN + INDIAN]

amethyst /ˈæməθist/ n.  a precious stone of a violet or purple variety of quartz 紫水晶，紫石英 □ amethystine  /-ˈθisti:n/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ametiste and Latin amethystus from Greek amethustos ‘not drunken’, the stone being supposed to prevent intoxication]

Amex /ˈæmeks/ abbr. [缩略]  1 propr.  American Express [商标]美国快运公司 2  American Stock Exchange 美国股票交易所

Amharic /æmˈhærik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the official and commercial language of Ethiopia 阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚官方及商业语言) ●adj.  of or relating to this language 阿姆哈拉语的 [Amhara, Ethiopian province + -IC]

amiable /ˈeimiəb(ə)l/ adj.  friendly and pleasant in temperament; likeable 性情友善的，和蔼的；令人喜爱的 □ amiability  /eimiəˈbiliti/ n.  □ amiableness  n.  □ amiably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin amicabilis ‘amicable’: the spelling from confusion with French aimable ‘lovable’]

amianthus /æmiˈænθəs/ n. (also 亦作 amiantus /-təs/)  a fine silky-fibred variety of asbestos 精细石棉，石绒 [Latin from Greek amiantos ‘undefiled’ from a- ‘not’ + miainō ‘defile’ (i.e. purified by fire, being incombustible): for -h- cf. AMARANTH]

amicable /ˈæmikəb(ə)l/ adj.  showing or done in a friendly spirit 友善的，友好的  an amicable meeting  一次友好的会见 □ amicability  /æmikəˈbiliti/ n.  □ amicableness  n.  □ amicably  adv.   [Late Latin amicabilis, from Latin amicus ‘friend’]

amice1 /ˈæmis/ n.  a white linen cloth worn on the neck and shoulders by a priest celebrating the Eucharist (牧师在圣餐典礼上披的)白亚麻披肩 [Middle English via medieval Latin amicia, -sia from Latin amictus ‘outer garment’]

amice2 /ˈæmis/ n.  a cap, hood, or cape worn by members of certain religious orders (某些神职人员戴的)带头兜的衬皮披肩 [Middle English via Old French aumusse from medieval Latin almucia etc., of unknown origin]

amicus curiae /æˌmaikəs ˈkjʊərii:/ n. (pl. amici curiae /-si/) Law  an impartial adviser in a court of law 【法律】法院临时法律顾问 [modern Latin, = friend of the court]

amid /əˈmid/ prep. (also 亦作 amidst /əˈmidst/)  1  in the middle of 在…之中，在…中间 2  in the course of 在…过程中 [Middle English amidde(s) (as A2 + MID)]

amide /ˈeimaid, ˈæmaid/ n. Chem.  a compound formed from ammonia by replacement of one (or sometimes more than one) hydrogen atom by a metal or an acyl radical 【化】氨基化合物 [AMMONIA + -IDE]

amidships /əˈmidʃips/ adv. (US also [美亦] amidship)  in or into the middle of a ship 在船体中部，在船腹 [MIDSHIP, influenced by AMID]

amidst var.  of AMID  AMID 的变体

amigo /əˈmi:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. N. Amer. colloq. (often as a form of address) a friend or comrade, esp. in Spanish-speaking areas [尤北美口] (常用于称呼)朋友，同志(尤用于西班牙语地区) [Spanish]

amine /ˈeimi:n/ n. Chem.  a compound formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by an organic radical or radicals 【化】胺，胺类 [AMMONIA + -INE4]

amino /əˈmi:nəʊ/ n. (used 用作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent group -NH2 【化】氨基；氨基的 [AMINE]

amino acid /əˌmi:nəʊ ˈæsid, əˌmain-/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of simple organic compounds containing both the carboxyl (COOH) and amino (NH2) group, many occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the basic constituents of proteins 【生化】氨基酸

amir /əˈmi:ə/ n. (also 亦作 ameer)  the title of some Arab rulers 埃米尔(对某些阿拉伯统治者的称谓) [Arabic ˈamīr ‘commander’ from amara ‘command’: cf. EMIR]

Amish /ˈæmiʃ, ˈɑ:-, ˈei-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  belonging to a strict US Mennonite sect (美国门诺派中的)严谨派的 ●n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the members of this sect 美国门诺派中的严谨派人士 [probably from German Amisch, from J. Amen 17th-c. Swiss Mennonite preacher]

amiss /əˈmis/ adj. & adv. ●predic. adj.  wrong; out of order; faulty 出差错的；有毛病的  knew something was amiss  知道有地方出了毛病 ●adv.  wrong; wrongly; inappropriately 出差错；有毛病；不合适地  everything went amiss  一切都乱套了 □ take amiss   be offended by 对…见怪；对…生气  took my words amiss  对我的话不高兴 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse ɑˋ mis ‘so as to miss’, from ɑˋ ‘on’ + mis related to MISS1]

amitosis /æmiˈtəʊsis, eimai-/ n. Biol.  a form of nuclear division that does not involve mitosis 【生】无丝分裂，直接核分裂 [A-1 + MITOSIS]

amitriptyline /æmiˈtriptili:n/ n. Pharm.  an antidepressant drug that has a mild tranquillizing action 【药】阿米替林，阿密曲替林(一种抗抑郁药) [AMINE + TRI- + heptyl (see HEPTANE) + -INE4]

amity /ˈæmiti/ n.  friendship; friendly relations 友好，友谊；亲善关系 [Middle English from Old French amitié, ultimately from Latin amicus ‘friend’]

Amman /əˈmɑ:n/ n.  安曼 [约旦首都]

ammeter /ˈæmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes 安培计，电流计 [AMPERE + -METER]

ammo /ˈæməʊ/ n. colloq.  ammunition [口]弹药，军火 [abbreviation]

ammonia /əˈməʊniə/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NH3 氨(带有特殊刺鼻气味) 2 (in general use) a strongly alkaline solution of ammonia gas in water (一般指)氨水 [modern Latin from SAL AMMONIAC]

ammoniacal /æmə(ʊ)ˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  of, relating to, or containing ammonia or sal ammoniac 氨的，氨性的，含氨的 [Middle English ammoniac via Old French and Latin from Greek ammōniakos ‘of Ammon’, used as a noun for the salt and gum obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon (the Greek name for the Egyptian deity Amen) at Siwain Egypt (cf. SAL AMMONIAC)]

ammoniated /əˈməʊnieitid/ adj.  combined or treated with ammonia 与氨化合的；被氨处理过的

ammonite /ˈæmənait/ n.  an extinct cephalopod mollusc of the order Ammonoidea, with a flat coiled spiral shell found as a fossil 菊石(一种已灭绝的头足目软体动物的化石介壳) [modern Latin ammonites, from medieval Latin cornu Ammonis ‘horn of Ammon’ (see AMMONIACAL), from the fossil's resemblance to the ram's horn associated with Ammon]

ammonium /əˈməʊniəm/ n.  the monovalent ion NH4+, formed from ammonia 铵，氨盐基 [modern Latin (as AMMONIA)]

ammunition /æmjʊˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a supply of projectiles (esp. bullets, shells, and grenades) 军火，弹药(尤指子弹、炮弹、手榴弹) 2  points used or usable to advantage in an argument (能在辩论中争得主动的)论点，有力论据 [obsolete French amunition, corruption of (la) munition ‘(the) MUNITION’]

amnesia /æmˈni:zjə/ n.  a partial or total loss of memory 记忆缺失，健忘症 □ amnesiac  /-ziæk/ n.  □ amnesic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek, = forgetfulness]

amnesty /ˈæmnisti/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a general pardon, esp. for political offences (尤指对政治犯的)大赦，特赦 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  grant an amnesty to 大赦，特赦，赦免 [French amnestie, or Latin from Greek amnēstia ‘oblivion’]

Amnesty International n.  an independent international organization in support of human rights, esp. for prisoners of conscience 大赦国际

amnio /ˈæmniəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  amniocentesis [口]羊膜穿刺术 [abbreviation]

amniocentesis /ˌæmniəʊsenˈti:sis/ n. (pl. amniocenteses /-si:z/) Med.  the sampling of amniotic fluid by insertion of a hollow needle into the uterus to determine the condition of a foetus 【医】羊膜穿刺术 [AMNION + Greek kentēsis ‘pricking’, from kentō ‘to prick’]

amnion /ˈæmniən/ n. (pl. amnia) Zool. & Physiol.  the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal 【动】【生理】羊膜，胎衣 □ amniotic  /æmniˈɒtik/ adj.   [Greek, = caul (diminutive of amnos ‘lamb’)]

amniote /ˈæmniəʊt/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  an animal whose embryo develops in an amnion 羊膜动物 ●adj.  of or relating to such animals 羊膜动物的；羊膜的 [back-formation from AMNIOTIC (see AMNION)]

amniotic fluid n.  the fluid surrounding a foetus within the amnion (胎盘中的)羊水；羊膜液

amoeba /əˈmi:bə/ n. (US also [美亦] ameba) (pl. amoebas or amoebae /-bi:/)  any usu. aquatic protozoan of the genus Amoeba, esp. A. proteus, capable of changing shape 阿米巴，变形虫 □ amoebic  adj.  □ amoeboid  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek amoibē ‘change’]

amoebiasis /æmi:ˈbaiəsis/ n. (US [美] amebiasis) (pl. amoebiases) Med.  infection with amoebas, esp. as causing dysentery 【医】阿米巴感染(尤指引起痢疾)，变形虫病 [AMOEBA + -ASIS]

amoebic dysentery n. (US also [美亦] amebic dysentery)  dysentery caused by infection of the gut with certain amoebae 阿米巴痢疾

amok /əˈmɒk/ adv. (also 亦作 amuck /əˈmʌk/)   □ run amok   run about wildly in an uncontrollable violent rage 疯狂乱跑，狂暴地跑 [Malay amok ‘rushing in a frenzy’]

among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. (also 亦作 esp. Brit. [尤英] amongst /əˈmʌŋst/, poet. [诗] 'mongst /mʌŋst/)  1  surrounded by; in the company of 被…所包围；与…为伴  lived among the trees  住在树林里 be among friends  与朋友在一起 2  in the number of 其中，在…之中  among us were those who disagreed  我们中间有不同意的人 3  an example of; in the class or category of 其中之一；在内  is among the richest men alive  属于活着的最有钱的人之一 4  a  between; within the limits of (collectively or distributively); shared by 在(两者)之间；在…范围内；被…共享  had £ 5 among us  我们共有 5 英镑 divide it among you  你们把它分了b  by the joint action or from the joint resources of 联手，合作  among us we can manage it  我们携手就能做成 5  with one another; by the reciprocal action of 彼此，相互  was decided among the participants  参与者彼此做出决定 talked among themselves  他们相互之间交谈 6  as distinguished from; pre-eminent in the category of 区别于…；其中之佼佼者  she is one among many  她是众多中的一个 [Old English ongemang, (as A2 + gemang ‘assemblage’): -st = adverbial genitive -s + -t as in AGAINST]

amontillado /əmɒntiˈlɑ:dəʊ, -ˈljɑ:-/ n. (pl. -os)  a medium dry sherry 半干型雪利酒 [Spanish, from Montilla in Spain + -ado = -ATE2]

amoral /eiˈmɒr(ə)l/ adj.  1  not concerned with or outside the scope of morality (cf. 参见 IMMORAL) 与道德无关的；超越道德范围的 2  having no moral principles 无道德准则的 □ amoralism  n.  □ amoralist  n.  □ amorality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  

amoretto /æməˈretəʊ, 意 amoˈretto/ n. (pl. amoretti /-ti:/)  a Cupid 小爱神 [Italian, diminutive of amore ‘love’, from Latin amor]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AMARETTO. 见 AMARETTO 的用法注释。 

amorist /ˈæmərist/ n.  a person who professes or writes of (esp. sexual) love 多情的人，好色的人；善于写爱情(尤指色情)故事的人 [Latin amor or French amour + -IST]

amoroso1 /æməˈrəʊzəʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  in a loving or tender manner 【音】深情而柔缓的(地) [Italian]

amoroso2 /æməˈrəʊzəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a full rich type of sherry 醇浓型雪利酒 [Spanish, = amorous]

amorous /ˈæm(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  showing, feeling, or inclined to sexual love 表示爱情的；多情的；好色的 2  of or relating to sexual love 色情的，情欲的 □ amorously  adv.  □ amorousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin amorosus from Latin amor ‘love’]

amorphous /əˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.  1  shapeless 无定形的 2  vague, ill-organized 含糊不清的；无组织的，散漫的 3 Mineral. & Chem.  non-crystalline; having neither definite form nor structure 【矿】【化】非晶体的；无定形和无固定结构的 □ amorphously  adv.  □ amorphousness  n.   [medieval Latin amorphus from Greek amorphos ‘shapeless’ (as A-1 + morphē ‘form’)]

amortize /əˈmɔ:taiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Commerce 【商业】  1  gradually extinguish (a debt) by money regularly put aside 分期偿还(债务) 2  gradually write off the initial cost of (assets) 分期注销(资产的)创建成本，摊销(资产) 3 hist.  transfer (land) to a corporation in mortmain [史义] (将土地)交由法人永久保管 □ amortization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French amortir (stem amortiss-), ultimately from Latin ad ‘to’ + mors mort- ‘death’]

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. & v. ●n.  a quantity, esp. the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, extent, etc. 总量(尤指总数、规模、价值、程度等)  a large amount of money  巨额金钱 came to a considerable amount  达到相当数量 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be equivalent to in number, size, significance, etc. (在数量、规模、意义等方面)等同，无异于  amounted to £ 100  总计 100 英镑 amounted to a disaster  无异于一场灾难 □ any amount of   a great deal of 大量□ no amount of   not even the greatest possible amount of 即使再多(或再大)…也不行 [Middle English via Old French amunter from amont ‘upward’, literally ‘uphill’, from Latin ad montem]

amour /əˈmʊə/ n.  a love affair, esp. a secret one (尤指暗中)恋爱，恋情；偷情 [French, = love, from Latin amor amoris]

amour propre /æˌmʊə ˈprɒpr(ə), 法 amur prɔpr/ n.  self-respect 自尊 [French]

AMP abbr.  adenosine monophosphate [缩略]单硫腺苷

amp1 /æmp/ n. Electr.  an ampere 【电】安培 [abbreviation]

amp2 /æmp/ n. colloq.  an amplifier [口]放大器 [abbreviation]

ampelopsis /æmpiˈlɒpsis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any plant of the genus Ampelopsis or Parthenocissus, usu. a climber supporting itself by twining tendrils, e.g. Virginia creeper 蛇葡萄属植物；美国蔓藤 [modern Latin from Greek ampelos ‘vine’ + opsis ‘appearance’]

amperage /ˈæmp(ə)ridʒ/ n. Electr.  the strength of an electric current in amperes 【电】安培数，电流强度

ampere /ˈæmpɛə/ n. Electr.  the SI base unit of electric current (symbol 符 A) 【电】安培 [named after A. M. Ampère, French physicist d. 1836]

ampersand /ˈæmpəsænd/ n.  the sign & (= and, Latin 拉丁语 et) 符号 & [corruption of and per se and (‘&’ by itself is ‘and’), chanted as an aid to learning the sign]

amphetamine /æmˈfetəmi:n, -in/ n.  a synthetic drug used esp. as a stimulant (尤指作为兴奋剂的)安非他明，苯异丙胺 [abbreviation of chemical name alpha-methyl phenethylamine]

amphi- /ˈæmfi/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  both 两者 2  of both kinds 两类 3  on both sides 双方 4  around 在…周围 [Greek]

amphibian /æmˈfibiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  living both on land and in water 两栖的，水陆两栖的 2 Zool.  of or relating to the class Amphibia 【动】两栖类的 3 (of a vehicle) able to operate on land and water (指车辆)水陆两用的 ●n.  1 Zool.  any vertebrate of the class Amphibia, with a life history of an aquatic gill-breathing larval stage followed by a terrestrial lung-breathing adult stage, including frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders 【动】两栖纲脊椎动物 2 (in general use) a creature living both on land and in water (泛指)水陆两栖动物 3  an amphibian vehicle 水陆两用车辆 [modern Latin amphibium from Greek amphibion, from AMPHI- + bios ‘life’]

amphibious /æmˈfibiəs/ adj.  1  living both on land and in water 水陆两栖的 2  of or relating to or suited for both land and water 既适合在陆地又适合在水中生活的 3 Mil. 【军】  a (of a military operation) involving forces landed from the sea (指军事行动)海军陆战的b (of forces) trained for such operations (指军队)两栖作战的 4  having a twofold nature; occupying two positions 具有双重性格的；兼任两职的 □ amphibiously  adv.  

amphibole /ˈæmfibəʊl/ n. Mineral.  any of a class of rock-forming silicate and aluminosilicate minerals with fibrous or columnar crystals 【矿】闪石 [French from Latin amphibolus ‘ambiguous’, so called because of the varied structure of these minerals]

amphibolite /æmˈfibəlait/ n. Geol.  a granular metamorphic rock consisting mainly of hornblende and plagioclase 【地质】闪岩，角闪岩

amphibology /æmfiˈbɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a quibble 语义模棱两可，双关语 2  an ambiguous wording 语义含混的语句 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin from Latin, from Greek amphibolia ‘ambiguity’]

amphimixis /æmfiˈmiksis/ n. Biol.  true sexual reproduction with the fusion of gametes from two individuals (cf. 参见 APOMIXIS) 【生】两性混合，两性生殖；交配 □ amphimictic  adj.   [modern Latin (as AMPHI- + Greek mixis ‘mingling’)]

amphioxus /æmfiˈɒksəs/ n.  any lancelet of the genus Branchiostoma (formerly [旧指] Amphioxus) 文昌鱼 [modern Latin (as AMPHI- + Greek oxus ‘sharp’)]

amphipathic /æmfiˈpæθik/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1 (of a molecule) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts (指分子)同时具有亲水和厌水部分的，两性分子的 2  consisting of such molecules 由两性分子构成的 [AMPHI- + Greek pathikos (as PATHOS)]

amphipod /ˈæmfipɒd/ n.  any crustacean of the largely marine order Amphipoda, having a laterally compressed abdomen with two kinds of limb, e.g. the freshwater shrimp (Gammarus pulex) 片脚类动物(例如淡水虾) [AMPHI- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

amphiprostyle /æmˈfiprəstail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a classical building with a portico at each end 前后有柱门廊的古典式建筑 ●adj.  of or in this style 前后有柱门廊的 [Latin amphiprostylus from Greek amphiprostulos (as AMPHI-, prostulos PROSTYLE)]

amphisbaena /æmfisˈbi:nə/ n.  1 Mythol. & poet.  a fabulous serpent with a head at each end 【神话】[诗] (传说中的)两头蛇 2 Zool.  a burrowing wormlike lizard of the genus Amphisbaena, having no apparent division of head from body, making both ends look similar 【动】无头蜥蜴 [Middle English via Latin from Greek amphisbaina, from amphis ‘both ways’ + bainō ‘go’]

amphitheatre /ˈæmfiθi:ətə/ n. (US [美] amphitheater)  1  a round, usu. unroofed building with tiers of seats surrounding a central space 阶梯式圆形剧场或体育场(通常无顶) 2  a semicircular gallery in a theatre (剧场的)半圆形看台 3  a large circular hollow 圆形凹地 4  the scene of a contest 比赛场地，竞技场 [Latin amphitheatrum from Greek amphitheatron (as AMPHI-, THEATRE)]

amphora /ˈæmf(ə)rə/ n. (pl. amphorae /-ri:/ or amphoras)  a Greek or Roman vessel with two handles and a narrow neck 双耳细颈瓶(古希腊或罗马的一种器皿) [Latin, from Greek amphoreus]

amphoteric /æmfəˈterik/ adj. Chem.  able to react as a base and an acid 【化】两性的，同时有酸碱性的 [Greek amphoteros, comparative of amphō ‘both’]

ampicillin /æmpiˈsilin/ n. Pharm.  a semi-synthetic penicillin used esp. in treating infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts 【药】氨比西林(一种半合成体青霉素，用于治疗泌尿及呼吸道感染) [amino + penicillin]

ample /ˈæmp(ə)l/ adj. (ampler, amplest)  1  a  plentiful, abundant, extensive 丰富的，大量的，充裕的b euphem. (esp. of a person) large, stout [婉] (尤指人)高大的；强壮的；胖的 2  enough or more than enough 足够的，过多的 □ ampleness  n.  □ amply  adv.   [French, from Latin amplus]

amplifier /ˈæmplifaiə/ n.  1  an electronic device for increasing the strength of electrical signals, used esp. in sound reproduction 扩音器；放大器 2  this combined with a loudspeaker and used to amplify musical instruments etc. 扬声器，喇叭

amplify /ˈæmplifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  increase the volume or strength of (sound, electrical signals, etc.) 放大，扩大(声音、电子信号等) 2 tr.  enlarge upon or add detail to (a story etc.) (对故事等)扩充或增加细节 3 intr.  expand what is said or written 夸大其辞，夸张 □ amplification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French amplifier from Latin amplificare (as AMPLE, -FY)]

amplitude /ˈæmplitju:d/ n.  1  a Physics  the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation from the position of equilibrium 【物理学】振幅b Electr.  the maximum departure of the value of an alternating current or wave from the average value 【电】振幅 2  a  spaciousness, breadth; wide range 广阔，宽阔b  abundance 大量，丰富 [French amplitude or Latin amplitudo (as AMPLE)]

amplitude modulation n. Electr.  the modulation of a wave by variation of its amplitude, esp. as a means of carrying an audio signal by radio (abbr. 缩略 : AM) 【电】振幅调制，调幅(尤指作为无线音频信号的载体)

ampoule /ˈæmpu:l/ n. (esp. US also [尤美亦] ampul or ampule /ˈæmpju:l/)  a small capsule in which measured quantities of liquids or solids, esp. for injecting, are sealed ready for use 一次用量的针剂，安瓿 [French, from Latin AMPULLA]

ampulla /æmˈpʊlə/ n. (pl. ampullae /-li:/)  1  a  a Roman globular flask with two handles (古罗马的)双耳球瓶b  a vessel for sacred uses 圣瓶 2 Anat.  the dilated end of a vessel or duct 【解】(容器或管道的)喇叭口 [Latin]

amputate /ˈæmpjʊteit/ v. tr.  cut off by surgical operation (a part of the body, esp. a limb), usu. because of injury or disease (通常因伤病等)手术切除；截肢 □ amputation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ amputator  n.   [Latin amputare, from amb- ‘about’ + putare ‘prune’]

amputee /æmpjʊˈti:/ n.  a person who has lost a limb etc. by amputation 被截肢者；接受过切除手术的人

Amsterdam /ˌæmstəˈdæm/ n.  阿姆斯特丹 [荷兰首都]

amtrac /ˈæmtræk/ n. (also 亦作 amtrak) US  an amphibious tracked vehicle used for landing assault troops on a shore [美] (用于登陆攻击岸上部队的)水陆两用履带式车辆 [amphibious + tractor]

amu abbr.  atomic mass unit [缩略]原子质量单位

amuck var.  of AMOK  AMOK 的变体

amulet /ˈæmjʊlit/ n.  1  an ornament or small piece of jewellery worn as a charm against evil 护身符 2  something which is thought to give such protection 充当护身符的东西 [Latin amuletum, of unknown origin]

amuse /əˈmju:z/ v. tr.  1  cause (a person) to laugh or smile 使(人)发笑；逗笑 2 (also 亦作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 with, by)  interest or occupy; keep (a person) entertained 使感兴趣；给(某人)提供娱乐(或消遣) □ amusing  adj.  □ amusingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French amuser ‘cause to muse’ (see MUSE2) from causal, a ‘to’ + muser ‘stare’]

amusement /əˈmju:zm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something that amuses, esp. a pleasant diversion, game, or pastime 娱乐活动，消遣方式 2  a  the state of being amused 娱乐，消遣(状态)b  the act of amusing 娱乐、消遣(行为) 3 Brit.  a mechanical device (e.g. a roundabout) for entertainment at a fairground etc. [英]娱乐设施(如旋转木马等) [French from amuser: see AMUSE, -MENT]

amusement arcade n. Brit.  an indoor area for entertainment with automatic game machines [英] (设有自动游戏机的)室内游艺场，游艺厅

amusement park n.  a large outdoor area with fairground amusements etc. (大型户外)游艺场，游乐园

Amy /ˈeimi/   埃米 [人名]

amygdaloid /əˈmiɡdəlɔid/ adj.  shaped like an almond 杏仁状的 [Latin amygdala, from Greek amugdalē ‘almond’]

amygdaloid nucleus n.  a roughly almond-shaped mass of grey matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere, associated with the sense of smell (大脑中司嗅觉的)杏仁核

amyl /ˈeimail, ˈæmil/ n. (used 用作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent group C5H11-, derived from pentane Also called 亦称作 pentyl 【化】戊基 [Latin amylum ‘starch’]

amylase /ˈæmileiz/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars 【生化】淀粉酶 [AMYL + -ASE]

amyloid /ˈæmilɔid/ n. & adj. Med. 【医】  ●n.  a glycoprotein deposited in connective tissue in certain diseases (某些疾病的连接组织中的)糖蛋白沉积，淀粉样蛋白 ●adj.  of or involving this substance 糖蛋白的，淀粉质的 [AMYL + -OID]

amylopsin /æmiˈlɒpsin/ n. Biochem.  a digestive enzyme, secreted by the pancreas, that converts starch into maltose 【生化】胰淀粉酶 [AMYL, on the pattern of pepsin]

Amytal /ˈæmit(ə)l/ n. propr.  a barbiturate drug used as a sedative and a hypnotic [商标]阿米妥，安密妥，异戊巴比妥(一种镇静催眠药) [AMYL + BARBITAL]

an /æn, ən/ det.  the form of the indefinite article (see 见 A1) used before words beginning with a vowel sound 不定冠词形式，用于以元音开头的单词前  an egg  一个蛋 an hour  一小时 an MP  一名议员■Usage 用法说明 Some people retain the use of an before words beginning with a sounded h e.g. an hotel, an historian. Historically this was justifiable because the h- was dropped in these words, but today this is not the case and a hotel, a historian are now the preferred forms. 在发音的 h 前有的人仍沿用 an ，如 an hotel (一家宾馆)和 an historian (一位历史学家), 因为这些 h 过去是不发音的。现在多用 a hotel 和 a historian 。 

an-1 /æn/ prefix  not, without (anarchy 无政府状态) (cf. 参见 A-1) 无，没有 [Greek an-]

an-2 /ən, æn/  assim. form of AD- before n. (在名词前) AD- 的同化形式

-an suffix  1 /(ə)n/ (also 亦作 -ean, -ian)  forming adjectives and nouns, esp. from names of places, systems, zoological classes or orders, and founders (Mexican 墨西哥的，墨西哥人 ; Anglican 英国国教的，英国国教徒 ; crustacean 甲壳类的，甲壳类 ; European 欧洲的，欧洲人 ; Lutheran 路德教会的，路德教会 ; Georgian 乔治亚的，乔治亚人 ; theologian 神学的，神学家) (尤用于某些地名、体系名、动物分类名、创始人名等)构成形容词或名词 2 /æn/ Chem.  forming names of organic compounds (dextran 右旋糖苷) 【化】构成有机化合物名 [ultimately from Latin adjectival endings -(i)anus, -aeus: cf. Greek -aios, -eios]

ana /ˈɑ:nə/ n.  1 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  anecdotes or literary gossip about a person (关于某人的)轶事，闲话；文坛杂闻 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a collection of a person's memorable sayings 语录，言论集 [= -ANA]

ana- /ˈænə/ prefix (usu. an- before a vowel 在元音前通常作 an-)  1  up (anadromous 逆河产卵的) 向上 2  back (anamnesis 回想) 向后，过去 3  again (anabaptism 再洗礼论) 再，又 [Greek ana ‘up’]

-ana /ˈɑ:nə/ suffix  forming plural nouns meaning ‘things associated with’ (Victoriana 有关维多利亚王朝的材料 ; Americana 有关美国的文献) 构成复数名词，意为“与…有关的” [neut. pl. of Latin adjectival ending -anus]

Anabaptism /ænəˈbæptiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that baptism should only be administered to believing adults (主张仅对成年信徒施洗的)再洗礼论 □ Anabaptist  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin anabaptismus from Greek anabaptismos (as ANA-, BAPTISM)]

anabas /ˈænəbæs/ n.  = CLIMBING PERCH  [modern Latin from Greek, past part. of anabainō ‘walk up’]

anabasis /æˈnæbəsis/ n. (pl. anabases /-si:z/)  1  the march of Cyrus the Younger into Asia in 401 BC as narrated by Xenophon in his work Anabasis 前进(源于色诺芬在其作品《远征记》中描写的公元前 401 年小居鲁士对亚洲的远征) 2  a military up-country march 军事远征；进军 [Greek, = ascent, from anabainō (as ANA-, bainō ‘go’)]

anabatic /ænəˈbætik/ adj. Meteorol. (of a wind) caused by local upward motion of warm air (cf. 参见 KATABATIC) 【气】(风)由局部热空气上升引起的 [Greek anabatikos ‘ascending’ (as ANABASIS)]

anabiosis /ænəbaiˈəʊsis/ n. Biol. 【生】  1  a temporary state of suspended animation or greatly reduced metabolism 暂时休眠；新陈代谢缓慢 2  the ability to revive from this 回生，复苏 □ anabiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [medieval Latin from Greek anabiōsis, from anabioō ‘return to life’]

anabolic /ænəˈbɒlik/ adj. Biochem.  of or relating to anabolism 【生化】合成代谢的

anabolic steroid n.  a synthetic steroid hormone used to increase muscle size (用于增加肌肉体积的)合成代谢类固醇

anabolism /æˈnæbəliz(ə)m/ n. Biochem.  the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism (opp. 反义 CATABOLISM) 【生化】合成代谢 [Greek anabolē ‘ascent’ (as ANA-, ballō ‘throw’)]

anabranch /ˈænəbrɑ:n(t)ʃ/ n. esp. Austral.  a stream that leaves a river and re-enters it lower down [尤澳] (在下游又汇入主流的)支流 [ANASTOMOSE + BRANCH]

anachronism /əˈnækrəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the attribution of a custom, event, etc. to a period to which it does not belong 弄错时代，时代错误b  a thing attributed in this way 弄错时代的事物，不合时代的事物 2  a  anything out of harmony with its period 不合时宜的事物b  an old-fashioned or out-of-date person or thing 过时的人(或事物)；落后于时代的人(或事物) □ anachronistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ anachronistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French anachronisme or Greek anakhronismos (as ANA-, khronos ‘time’)]

anacoluthon /ænəkəˈlu:θɒn, -θ(ə)n/ n. (pl. anacolutha /-θə/)  a sentence or construction which lacks grammatical sequence (e.g. 如 while in the garden the door banged shut 在花园里的时候门嘭地关上了) 错格；错格句(指句子的语法结构前后不一致或不连贯) □ anacoluthic  adj.   [Late Latin, from Greek anakolouthon (as AN-1, akolouthos ‘following’)]

anaconda /ænəˈkɒndə/ n.  a S. American boa of the genus Eunectes, esp. the very large semiaquatic E. murinus (尤指半水生的)森蚺(南美巨蟒，无毒蟒蛇) [alteration of Latin anacandaia ‘python’ from Sinhalese henakandayɑˉ ‘whip snake’, from hena ‘lightning’ + kanda ‘stem’: originally the name of a snake in Sri Lanka]

anacreontic /ənækriˈɒntik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a poem written after the manner of Anacreon, a Greek lyric poet (d. 478 BC) 阿那克里翁(希腊抒情诗人，死于公元前 478 年)风格的诗篇 ●adj.  1  after the manner of Anacreon 阿那克里翁风格的 2  convivial and amatory in tone 专写欢宴和爱情享乐的 [Late Latin anacreonticus from Greek Anakreōn]

anacrusis /ænəˈkru:sis/ n. (pl. anacruses /-si:z/)  1 (in poetry) an unstressed syllable at the beginning of a verse (诗句)开头的非重读音节 2 Mus.  an unstressed note or notes before the first bar line 【音】在第一小节线之前的非加重音符 [modern Latin from Greek anakrousis ‘prelude’ (as ANA-, krousis from krouō ‘strike’)]

anadromous /əˈnædrəməs/ adj. (of a fish, e.g. the salmon) that swims up a river from the sea to spawn (opp. 反义 CATADROMOUS) (鱼，如鲑鱼)从海洋溯河产卵的 [Greek anadromos (as ANA-, dromos ‘running’)]

anaemia /əˈni:miə/ n. (US [美] anemia)  a deficiency in the blood, usu. of red cells or their haemoglobin, resulting in pallor and weariness 贫血，贫血症 [modern Latin from Greek anaimia (as AN-1, -AEMIA)]

anaemic /əˈni:mik/ adj. (US [美] anemic)  1  relating to or suffering from anaemia 贫血的，贫血症的 2  pale; lacking in vitality 苍白的；无活力的

anaerobe /ˈænərəʊb, əˈnɛərəʊb/ n.  an organism that grows without air, or requires oxygen-free conditions to live 厌氧菌，厌氧性生物 □ anaerobic  /ænɛəˈrəʊbik/ adj.   [French anaérobie (as AN-1 + AEROBE)]

anaesthesia /ænisˈθi:zjə/ n. (US [美] anesthesia)  the absence of sensation, esp. artificially induced insensitivity to pain, usu. achieved by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs 感觉缺失，麻木；(尤指人工用气体或药物)麻醉 □ anaesthesiology  /-ˈɒlədʒi/ n.   [modern Latin from Greek anaisthēsia (as AN-1, aisthēsis ‘sensation’)]

anaesthetic /ænisˈθetik/ n. & adj. (US [美] anesthetic) ●n.  a substance that produces insensibility to pain etc. 麻醉剂，麻药 ●adj.  producing partial or complete insensibility to pain etc. (部分或完全)无痛觉的；麻醉的 [Greek anaisthētos ‘insensible’ (as ANAESTHESIA)]

anaesthetist /əˈni:sθətist/ n.  a specialist in the administration of anaesthetics 麻醉师

anaesthetize /əˈni:sθətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise, US [美] anesthetize)  1  administer an anaesthetic to 使麻醉；对…施行麻醉 2  deprive of physical or mental sensation 使(肉体或头脑)麻木 □ anaesthetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

anaglyph /ˈænəɡlif/ n.  1 Photog.  a composite stereoscopic photograph printed in superimposed complementary colours 【摄】彩色立体照片 2  an embossed object cut in low relief 浅浮雕 □ anaglyphic  /-ˈɡlifik/ adj.   [Greek anagluphē (as ANA-, gluphē from gluphō ‘carve’)]

Anaglypta /ænəˈɡliptə/ n. propr.  a type of thick embossed wallpaper, usu. for painting over [商标] (一种带有浮雕花纹的)厚墙纸 [Latin anaglypta ‘work in low relief’: cf. ANAGLYPH]

anagram /ˈænəɡræm/ n.  a word or phrase formed by transposing the letters of another word or phrase (由颠倒字母顺序而构成的)回文构词法，换音造词法 □ anagrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ anagrammatical  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ anagrammatize  /-ˈɡræmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French anagramme or modern Latin anagramma, from Greek ANA- + gramma -atos ‘letter’: cf. -GRAM]

anal /ˈein(ə)l/ adj.  relating to or situated near the anus 肛门的；近肛门的 □ anally  adv.   [modern Latin analis (as ANUS)]

analects /ˈænəlekts/ n. pl. (also 亦作 analecta /ænəˈlektə/)  a collection of short literary extracts 文选；论集 [Latin from Greek analekta ‘things gathered’, from analegō ‘pick up’]

analeptic /ænəˈleptik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a drug etc.) restorative (药等)滋补的；恢复健康的 ●n.  a restorative medicine or drug 补药，滋补剂 [Greek analēptikos from analambanō ‘take back’]

analgesia /æn(ə)lˈdʒi:zjə/ n.  the absence or relief of pain 痛觉缺失(或缓解) [modern Latin from Greek, = painlessness]

analgesic /æn(ə)lˈdʒi:sik, -zik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving pain 止痛的 ●n.  an analgesic drug 止痛药

analog US var.  of ANALOGUE [美] ANALOGUE 的变体

analogize /əˈnælədʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  represent or explain by analogy 以类推法表明或解释 2 intr.  use analogy 类推

analogous /əˈnæləɡəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  partially similar or parallel; showing analogy 相似的，类似的；类推的 2 Biol.  performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin (opp. 反义 HOMOLOGOUS 2) 【生】非同源进化但功能相似的，同功的 □ analogously  adv.   [Latin analogus from Greek analogos ‘proportionate’]■Usage 用法说明 Analogous means ‘similar in certain respects’. It should not be used as a mere synonym for similar. analogous 一词的意思是“在某些方面类似”，因此不能简单视为 similar 的同义词。 

analogue /ˈænəlɒɡ/ n. & adj. (US also [美亦] analog) ●n.  1  an analogous or parallel thing 类似物；类似情况 2 Chem.  a compound with a molecular structure closely similar to that of another 【化】(具有两种类似分子结构的)化合物 3  a synthetic food product resembling a natural food in taste and texture (类似某种天然食物的味道和质感的)人造食品，代用食品 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 analog)  1  relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc. 模拟的；类似的 2 (of a watch etc.) showing the time by means of hands or a pointer rather than displayed digits Cf. 参见 DIGITAL adj. 2 (手表等)指针显示的，非数字显示的 [French from Greek analogon neut. adj.: see ANALOGOUS]

analogy /əˈnælədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with, between)  correspondence or partial similarity 相应；相似，类似 2 Logic  a process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects 【逻辑学】类推，类比 3 Philol.  the imitation of existing words in forming inflections or constructions of others, without the existence of corresponding intermediate stages 【语文】类同 4 Biol.  the resemblance of function between organs essentially different 【生】异体同功，同功器官 5  an analogue 相似物，类似情况 □ analogical  /ænəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ analogically  /ænəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [French analogie or Latin analogia ‘proportion’, from Greek (as ANALOGOUS)]

anal-retentive adj. (of a person) excessively orderly and fussy (supposedly owing to conflict over toilet-training in infancy) (指人)过分古板的，循规蹈矩的(据猜测源于幼儿从使用尿布转为到厕所大便期的抵触) □ anal retention  n.  □ anal retentiveness  n.  

analysand /əˈnælisænd/ n.  a person undergoing psychoanalysis 接受精神分析的人，精神分析对象

analyse /ˈæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (US [美] analyze)  1  examine in detail the constitution or structure of 分析；细察 2 Chem.  ascertain the constituents of (a sample of a mixture or compound) 【化】分析，分解(样品的化学成分) 3  find or show the essence or structure of (a book, music, etc.) 查明；说明(书、乐曲等的基本内容) 4 Gram.  resolve (a sentence) into its grammatical elements 【语法】(句子的)语法成分分析 5  psychoanalyse 心理分析 □ analysable  adj.  □ analyser  n.   [obsolete analyse (n.) or French analyser (v.), from medieval Latin ANALYSIS]

analysis /əˈnælisis/ n. (pl. analyses /-si:z/)  1  a  a detailed examination of the elements or structure of a substance etc. (对物质等的成分或结构的)细致分析b  a statement of the result of this 分析，解析，分解 2  a Chem.  the determination of the constituent parts of a mixture or compound 【化】(混合物或复合物成分的)分析b  the act or process of breaking something down into its constituent parts (对构成成分的)分解 3  psychoanalysis 心理分析 4 Math.  the use of algebra and calculus in problem-solving 【数】(用代数或微积分进行的)解析 5 Cricket  a statement of the performance of a bowler, usu. giving the numbers of overs and maiden overs bowled, runs conceded, and wickets taken 【板球】(对击球结果的)报分 □ in the final (or last or ultimate) analysis   after all due consideration; in the end 总而言之，归根结底 [medieval Latin from Greek analusis (as ANA-, luō ‘set free’)]

analyst /ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  1  a person skilled in (esp. chemical) analysis 分析员，分析家(尤指化学)；化验员 2  a psychoanalyst 心理分析学家 [French analyste]

analytic /ænəˈlitik/ adj.  1  of or relating to analysis 分析的；分解的；解析的 2 Philol.  analytical 【语文】分析的 3 Logic (of a statement etc.) such that its denial is self-contradictory; true by definition (cf. 参见 SYNTHETIC adj. 3) 【逻辑学】(论断等)无法否定的；逻辑上必然的 [Late Latin, from Greek analutikos (as ANALYSIS)]

analytical /ænəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  1  using analytic methods 采用分析法的 2 Philol.  using separate words instead of inflections (cf. 参见 SYNTHETIC adj. 4) 【语文】分析型的；非屈折变化的 □ analytically  adv.  

analytical geometry n.  geometry using coordinates 解析几何

analyze US var.  of ANALYSE [美] ANALYSE 的变体

anamnesis /ænəmˈni:sis/ n. (pl. anamneses /-si:z/)  1  recollection (esp. of a supposed previous existence) (尤指对设想的前世生活的)回忆，回想 2  a patient's account of his or her medical history (患者所述的)既往病史，既往症 3 Eccl.  the part of the anaphora recalling the Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ 【教会】(令人想起耶稣受难、复活、升天历史的)圣餐礼仪 [Greek, = remembrance]

anamorphosis /ænəˈmɔ:fəsis/ n.  a distorted projection or drawing which appears normal when viewed from a particular point or in a suitable mirror (从某个特殊角度或在适当镜子中看来正常的)失真图像，变形影像；歪像 □ anamorphic  adj.   [Greek anamorphōsis ‘transformation’]

anandrous /əˈnændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having no stamens 【植】无雄蕊的 [Greek anandros ‘without males’ (as AN-1 + anēr andros ‘male’)]

anapaest /ˈænəpi:st, -pest/ n. (US [美] anapest) Prosody  a foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable 【诗体】抑抑杨格，短短长格 □ anapaestic  /-ˈpi:stik/ adj.   [Latin anapaestus from Greek anapaistos ‘reversed’ (because the reverse of a dactyl)]

anaphase /ˈænəfeiz/ n. Biol.  the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division when the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle 【生】(细胞分裂的)后期 [ANA- + PHASE]

anaphora /əˈnæf(ə)rə/ n.  1 Rhet.  the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses 【修】首词(或语)重复法 2 Gram.  the use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition (e.g. do in I like it and so do they 如 I like it and so do they 中的 do) 【语法】(用另一词代替前面词语以避免重复的)指代法 3 Eccl.  the part of the Eucharist which contains the consecration, anamnesis, and Communion 【教会】感恩祭仪式(包括祝圣、回想和圣餐) □ anaphoric  /ænəˈfɒrik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek, = repetition (as ANA-, pherō ‘to bear’)]

anaphrodisiac /ənæfrəˈdiziæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to reduce sexual desire 抑制性欲的 ●n.  an anaphrodisiac drug 控制性欲药物

anaphylaxis /ænəfiˈlæksis/ n. Med.  an extreme, often life-threatening reaction to an antigen, e.g. to a bee sting, due to hypersensitivity following an earlier dose 【医】(常有生命危险的)过敏性反应 □ anaphylactic  adj.   [modern Latin from French anaphylaxie (as ANA- + Greek phulaxis ‘guarding’)]

anaptyxis /ænəpˈtiksis/ n. Phonet.  the insertion of a vowel between two consonants to aid pronunciation 【语音】(在两个辅音之间的)加元音(以助发音)  as in 例如 went thataway  走那条路 □ anaptyctic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek anaptuxis (as ANA-, ptussō ‘fold’)]

anarchism /ˈænəkiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that all government should be abolished 无政府主义 [French anarchisme (as ANARCHY)]

anarchist /ˈænəkist/ n. & adj. ●n.  an advocate of anarchism or of political disorder 无政府主义者 ●adj.  relating to anarchism or its advocates 无政府主义的 □ anarchistic  /-ˈkistik/ adj.   [French anarchiste (as ANARCHY)]

anarchy /ˈænəki/ n.  1  disorder, esp. political or social (尤指政治或社会的)混乱，无秩序 2  lack of government in a society 无政府(社会)，无政府状态 □ anarchic  /əˈnɑ:kik/ adj.  □ anarchical  /əˈnɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ anarchically  /əˈnɑ:kik(ə)li/ adv.   [medieval Latin from Greek anarkhia (as AN-1, arkhē ‘rule’)]

anastigmat /əˈnæstiɡmæt/ n.  a lens or lens system made free from astigmatism by correction (经修正而消除像散的)消像散透镜 [German from anastigmatisch ANASTIGMATIC]

anastigmatic /ænəstiɡˈmætik/ adj. (of a lens) free from astigmatism (透镜等)消像散的 [AN-1 + ASTIGMATIC (see ASTIGMATISM)]

anastomose /əˈnæstəməʊz/ v. intr.  link by anastomosis 使吻合；并接，联结 [French anastomoser (as ANASTOMOSIS)]

anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsis/ n. (pl. anastomoses /-si:z/)  a cross-connection of arteries, branches, rivers, etc. (血管、叶脉、河流等的)并接，联结 [modern Latin from Greek, from anastomoō ‘provide with a mouth’ (as ANA-, stoma ‘mouth’)]

anastrophe /əˈnæstrəfi/ n. Rhet.  the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses 【修】词语倒置法 [Greek anastrophē ‘turning back’ (as ANA-, strephō ‘to turn’)]

anathema /əˈnæθəmə/ n. (pl. anathemas)  1  a detested thing or person 讨厌的人(或事物)  is anathema to me  令我讨厌 2  a  a curse of the Church, excommunicating a person or denouncing a doctrine 诅咒；革除教门b  a cursed thing or person 受诅咒的人(或事物)c  a strong curse 诅咒，咒骂；强烈谴责 [ecclesiastical Latin, = excommunicated person, excommunication, from Greek anathema ‘thing devoted’, (later) ‘accursed thing’, from anatithēmi ‘set up’]

anathematize /əˈnæθəmətaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  curse 诅咒 [French anathématiser via Latin anathematizare from Greek anathematizo (as ANATHEMA)]

anatomical /ænəˈtɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to anatomy 解剖的；解剖学上的 2  of or relating to bodily structure 生理构造的；结构上的 □ anatomically  adv.   [French anatomique or Late Latin anatomicus (as ANATOMY)]

anatomist /əˈnætəmist/ n.  a person skilled in anatomy 解剖学家 [French anatomiste or medieval Latin anatomista (as ANATOMIZE)]

anatomize /əˈnætəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  examine in detail 剖析，仔细分析 2  dissect 解剖，切开 [French anatomiser or medieval Latin anatomizare, from anatomia (as ANATOMY)]

anatomy /əˈnætəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the science of the bodily structure of animals and plants 解剖学 2  this structure 生理构造 3 colloq.  a human body [口]人体 4  analysis 剖析，分解 5  the dissection of the human body, animals, or plants (人、动物或植物的)解剖，切开 [French anatomie or Late Latin anatomia, from Greek (as ANA-, -TOMY)]

anatta (also 亦作 anatto) var.  of ANNATTO ANNATTO 的变体

ANC abbr.  African National Congress [缩略]非洲人国民大会

-ance /(ə)ns/ suffix forming nouns expressing 构成名词，表示 :  1  a quality or state or an instance of one (arrogance 傲慢 ; protuberance 隆起 ; relevance 相关性 ; resemblance 类似) 特征、状态或事例 2  an action (assistance 协助 ; furtherance 促进 ; penance 忏悔) 动作 [from or on the pattern of French -ance, from Latin -antia, -entia (cf. -ENCE), from pres. part. stem -ant-, -ent-]

ancestor /ˈænsestə/ n. (fem. ancestress /-stris/)  1  any (esp. remote) person from whom one is descended 祖先，祖宗 2  an early type of animal or plant from which others have evolved (动、植物的)始祖，原种 3  an early prototype or forerunner 早期形态或先驱  ancestor of the computer  早期的电脑 [Middle English via Old French ancestre from Latin antecessor -oris, from antecedere (as ANTE-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

ancestral /ænˈsestr(ə)l/ adj.  belonging to or inherited from one's ancestors 祖先的，先祖的 [French ancestrel (as ANCESTOR)]

ancestry /ˈænsestri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  one's (esp. remote) family descent 世系，家谱，血统 2  one's ancestors collectively 祖先(统称)，列祖列宗 [Middle English alteration of Old French ancesserie (as ANCESTOR)]

anchor /ˈæŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy metal weight used to moor a ship to the sea bottom or a hot-air balloon to the ground (泊船的)锚，铁锚；(使热气球固定在地面的)系缚物 2  a thing affording stability 锚定物，固定装置 3  a source of confidence 依托，心灵寄托 4  = ANCHORPERSON  ●v.  1 tr.  secure (a ship or hot-air balloon) by means of an anchor (船或热气球等)锚定；用锚固定 2 tr.  fix firmly 固定；使稳固 3 intr.  cast anchor 抛锚 4 intr.  be moored by means of an anchor 抛锚停泊 □ at anchor   moored by means of an anchor 抛锚停泊□ cast (or come to) anchor   let down the anchor 拋锚，下锚□ weigh anchor   take up the anchor 起锚；启航 [Old English ancor via Latin anchora from Greek agkura]

Anchorage /ˈæŋkəridʒ/ n.  安克雷奇 [美国港市]

anchorage /ˈæŋk(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  a place where a ship may be anchored (船的)拋锚停泊地点 2  the act of anchoring or lying at anchor 锚定；处于锚定状态 3  anything dependable 寄托；可靠归属；精神支柱

anchorite /ˈæŋkərait/ n. (also 亦作 anchoret /-rit/) (fem. anchoress /-ris/)  1  a hermit; a religious recluse (宗教的)隐者，隐士 2  a person of secluded habits 隐遁的人，避世的人 □ anchoretic  /-ˈretik/ adj.  □ anchoritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [Middle English via medieval Latin anc(h)orita, ecclesiastical Latin anchoreta from ecclesiastical Greek anakhōrētēs, from anakhōreō ‘retire’]

anchorman /ˈæŋkəmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. anchorwoman, pl. -women)  1  a person who coordinates activities, esp. as compère in a broadcast (协调各方面活动并进行综合评论的)节目主持人 2  a person who plays a crucial part, esp. at the back of a tug-of-war team or as the last runner in a relay race 起重要作用的人(尤指拔河比赛中的排尾压阵队员或接力赛的最后一棒队员)

anchorperson /ˈæŋkəpɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. anchorpersons or anchorpeople)  an anchorman or anchorwoman 男(或女)节目主持人 (used as a neutral alternative 用作中性的替代词)

anchor plate n.  a heavy piece of timber or metal, e.g. as support for suspension bridge cables (支撑吊桥绳索的)锚定板

anchoveta /æntʃəˈvetə/ n.  a small Pacific anchovy caught for use as bait or to make fishmeal 秘鲁鳀(一种产于太平洋的鳀科小鱼，用于制作诱饵或鱼粉) [Spanish, diminutive of anchova: cf. ANCHOVY]

anchovy /ˈæntʃəvi, ænˈtʃəʊvi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various small silvery fish of the herring family, usu. preserved in salt and oil and having a strong taste (鲱科)鳀，鳀鱼 [Spanish & Portuguese ancho(v)a, of uncertain origin]

anchovy pear n.  a W. Indian fruit like a mango 鳀梨(一种产于西印度的果品，类似芒果)

anchovy toast n.  toast spread with paste made from anchovies 鳀酱吐司面包

anchusa /əŋˈkju:zə, ænˈtʃu:zə/ n.  any plant of the genus Anchusa, akin to borage 牛舌草属植物 [Latin from Greek agkhousa]

anchylose var.  of ANKYLOSE  ANKYLOSE 的变体

anchylosis var.  of ANKYLOSIS  ANKYLOSIS 的变体

ancien régime /ˌɒnsiən reiˈʒi:m, 法 ɑ˜sjɛ˜ reʒim/ n. (pl. anciens régimes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  the political and social system in France before the Revolution of 1789 (法国 1789 年革命之前的)旧政体，旧制度 2  any superseded regime (任何已过时的)旧政体，旧制度 [French, = old rule]

ancient1 /ˈeinʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of long ago 古代的，远古的 2  having lived or existed long 历史悠久的；古老的 ●n. archaic  an old man [古义]老人 □ the ancients   the people of ancient times, esp. the Greeks and Romans 古代人(尤指古希腊、罗马人)□ ancientness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French auncien from Old French ancien, ultimately from Latin ante ‘before’]

ancient2 /ˈeinʃ(ə)nt/ n. archaic [古义]  = ENSIGN 1, 2  [corruption of form ensyne etc. by association with ancien = ANCIENT1]

ancient history n.  1  the history of the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean area and the Near East before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 古代史(指公元 476 年西罗马帝国灭亡之前的地中海及近东地区的文明史) 2  something already long familiar (早已为人熟知的)旧闻

ancient lights n. pl. Brit.  a window that a neighbour may not deprive of light by erecting a building [英] (毗邻修建的建筑物不可以阻挡其光线的)老窗，古窗

anciently /ˈeinʃ(ə)ntli/ adv.  long ago 在古代；很久以前

ancient monument n. Brit.  an old building etc. preserved usu. under Government control [英] (通常由政府管理的)古建筑；古迹

ancient world n.  the region around the Mediterranean and the Near East before the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 古代世界(指公元 476 年罗马帝国灭亡之前的地中海及近东地区)

ancillary /ænˈsiləri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person, activity, or service) providing essential support to a central service or industry, esp. the medical service (人、活动或服务)辅助的；补充性的(尤指在医疗服务方面) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  subordinate, subservient 从属的，附属的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an ancillary worker 助手，副手 2  something which is ancillary; an auxiliary or accessory 附属物辅助物；附加物 [Latin ancillaris, from ancilla ‘maidservant’]

ancon /ˈæŋkɒn, -k(ə)n/ n. (pl. ancones /æŋˈkəʊni:z/) Archit. 【建】  1  a console, usu. of two volutes, supporting or appearing to support a cornice 肘托，悬臂托梁 2  each of a pair of projections on either side of a block of stone etc. for lifting or repositioning (石块等上的用于吊起或挪动的)凸出部分 [Latin, from Greek agkōn ‘elbow’]

-ancy /(ə)nsi/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a quality  constancy  坚定不移 relevancy  相关性 or state  expectancy  期望 infancy  幼年 (cf. 参见 -ANCE) 构成名词，表示性质或状态 [from or on the pattern of Latin -antia: cf. -ENCY]

and /ənd, (ə)n, ænd/ conj.  1  a  connecting words, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly 和，及；与；也(用于连接词、从句或句子)  cakes and buns  蛋糕和小面包 white and brown bread  白面包和黑面包 buy and sell  买和卖 two hundred and forty  240b  implying progression 表示进展  better and better  越来越好c  implying causation 表示因果  do that and I'll hit you  你要是敢那样我就揍你 she hit him and he cried  她打得他哭起来d  implying great duration 表示延续时间长  he cried and cried  他哭啊哭啊e  implying a great number 表示数量大  miles and miles  许多英里，漫漫长路f  implying addition 表示添加  two and two are four  2 加 2 等于 4g  implying variety 表示多样  there are books and books  有各种书籍h  implying succession 表示连续  walking two and two  两个两个地往前走 2 colloq.  to [口]相当于 to  try and open it  试着打开它 3  in relation to 与…相关  Britain and the EEC  英国与欧共体 □ and/ or   either or both of two stated possibilities (usually restricted to legal and commercial use) 和 / 或，两者都或其中之一(通常限用于法律或商业) [Old English]

-and /ænd/ suffix  forming nouns meaning ‘a person or thing to be treated in a specified way’ (analysand 接受神经分析的人 ; ordinand 候补续任神职的人) 构成名词，意为“被以某种方式对待的人(或物)” [Latin gerundive ending -andus]

Andalusian /ændəˈlu:zjən, -sjən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Andalusia in southern Spain, its inhabitants, or its language (西班牙南部)安达卢西亚人的；安达卢西亚语的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Andalusia 安达卢西亚人 2  the variety of Spanish spoken in Andalusia 安达卢西亚语(属西班牙语)

andante /ænˈdænti/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a moderately slow tempo 行板的(地)；缓慢的(地) ●n.  an andante passage or movement 缓慢行进或运动 [Italian, pres. part. of andare ‘go’]

andantino /ændænˈti:nəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  rather quicker (originally slower) than andante 小行板 ●n. (pl. -os)  an andantino passage or movement 稍快地行进或运动 [Italian, diminutive of ANDANTE]

Andean /ˈændiən/ adj.  of or relating to the region of the Andes, a high mountain range in western S. America (南美洲)安第斯山的；安第斯山地区的

Andean condor  see 见 CONDOR 1 

andesite /ˈændizait/ n.  a fine-grained brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock 安山岩(一种棕色或灰色的火山岩) [named after the Andes mountain chain in S. America (where it is found) + -ITE1]

andiron /ˈændaiən/ n.  a metal stand (usu. one of a pair) for supporting burning wood in a fireplace; a firedog (壁炉中用以支撑木柴的金属)柴架，薪架(通常指一对中的一个) [Middle English from Old French andier, of unknown origin: assimilated to IRON]

Andorra   安道尔

Andorrann /ænˈdɔ:rən/ adj. & n.  安道尔的(人)

Andrew /ˈændru:/   安德鲁 [人名]

androecium /ænˈdri:sjəm/ n. (pl. androecia /-siə/) Bot.  the stamens taken collectively 【植】雄蕊(群) [modern Latin, from Greek andro- ‘male’ + oikion ‘house’]

androgen /ˈændrədʒ(ə)n/ n.  any of a group of male sex hormones, esp. testosterone, involved in developing and maintaining certain male sexual characteristics 雄性激素(尤指睾酮)，雄性荷尔蒙 □ androgenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [Greek andro- ‘male’ + -GEN]

androgyne /ˈændrədʒain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = ANDROGYNOUS  ●n.  an androgynous person 两性人，阴阳人 [Old French androgyne or Latin androgynus, from Greek androgunos (anēr andros ‘male’, gunē ‘woman’)]

androgynous /ænˈdrɒdʒinəs/ adj.  1  having a partly male, partly female appearance; of ambiguous gender 雌雄同体的；两性不分的 2 Bot.  with stamens and pistils in the same flower or inflorescence 【植】雌雄同花的 3  = HERMAPHRODITE  [as ANDROGYNE]

androgyny /ænˈdrɒdʒini/ n.  1  androgynous character 雌雄同体 2 Biol.  hermaphroditism 【生】雌雄同体性

android /ˈændrɔid/ n.  a robot with a human appearance 人形机器人 [Greek andro- ‘male, man’ + -OID]

-androus /ˈændrəs/ comb. form Bot.  forming adjectives meaning ‘having specified male organs or stamens’ (monandrous 单雄蕊的) [构词成分]【植】构成形容词，意为“具有某种雄性器官或雄蕊的” [modern Latin from Greek -andros, from anēr andros ‘male’ + -OUS]

Andy /ˈændi/   安迪 [人名]

-ane1 /ein/ suffix var.  of -AN; usu. with distinction of sense  germane  密切相关的 humane  仁慈的 urbane  彬彬有礼的 but sometimes with no corresponding form in -an  mundane  世俗的 -AN 的变体，通常具有不同意义；但有时没有 -an 的对应形式

-ane2 /ein/ suffix Chem.  forming names of saturated hydrocarbons (methane 甲烷 ; propane 丙烷) 【化】构成饱和炭化氢类物质名词 [on the pattern of -ene, -ine, etc.]

anecdotage /ˈænikdəʊtidʒ/ n.  1 joc.  garrulous old age [诙]老年多话期 2  anecdotes 轶事集，奇闻录 [ANECDOTE + -AGE: sense 1 DOTAGE]

anecdote /ˈænikdəʊt/ n.  a short account (or painting etc.) of an entertaining or interesting incident 轶事，趣闻，奇闻 □ anecdotal  /-ˈdəʊt(ə)l/ adj.  □ anecdotalist  /-ˈdəʊt(ə)list/ n.  □ anecdotic  /-ˈdɒtik/ adj.  □ anecdotist  n.   [French or modern Latin, from Greek anekdota ‘things unpublished’ (as AN-1, ekdotos from ekdidōmi ‘publish’)]

anechoic /æniˈkəʊik/ adj.  free from echo 无回声的，无反响的

anele /əˈni:l/ v. tr. archaic  anoint, esp. in extreme unction [古义] (尤指给临终的人)涂油 [Middle English from AN-2 + elien, from Old English ele ‘oil’ from Latin oleum]

anemia US var.  of ANAEMIA [美] ANAEMIA 的变体

anemic US var.  of ANAEMIC [美] ANAEMIC 的变体

anemograph /əˈneməɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording on paper the direction and force of the wind 风力风向记录仪 □ anemographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -GRAPH]

anemometer /æniˈmɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring or indicating the force of the wind 风速计，风力计 [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -METER]

anemometry /æniˈmɒmitri/ n.  the measurement of the force of the wind 风力测定 □ anemometric  /-məˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -METRY]

anemone /əˈneməni/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Anemone, akin to the buttercup, with flowers of various vivid colours 银莲花，秋牡丹 2  = SEA ANEMONE  [Latin from Greek anemōnē ‘windflower’, from anemos ‘wind’]

anemophilous /æniˈmɒfiləs/ adj.  wind-pollinated 风媒(传粉)的 [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -philous (see -PHILIA)]

anent /əˈnent/ prep. archaic or Sc. or N. Amer.  concerning [古义] [苏格兰] [北美]关于，涉及 [Old English on efen ‘in line with, in company with’]

-aneous /ˈeiniəs/ suffix  forming adjectives (cutaneous 皮肤的 ; miscellaneous 各种的) 构成形容词 [Latin -aneus + -OUS]

aneroid /ˈænərɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a barometer) that measures air pressure by its action on the elastic lid of an evacuated box (气压计)无液的；不利用液体的 ●n.  an aneroid barometer 膜盒气压计 [French anéroïde (as A-1 + Greek nēros ‘water’)]

anesthesia US var.  of ANAESTHESIA [美] ANAESTHESIA 的变体

aneurin /əˈnjʊərin, ˈænjʊrin/ n. (also 亦作 aneurine /-ri:n/)  = THIAMINE  [anti + polyneuritis + vitamin]

aneurysm /ˈænjʊriz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 aneurism)  an excessive localized enlargement of an artery 动脉瘤 □ aneurysmal  /-ˈrizm(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 aneurismal)   [Greek aneurusma from aneurunō ‘widen out’, from eurus ‘wide’]

anew /əˈnju:/ adv.  1  again 重新，再 2  in a different way 以不一样的方式，不同地 [Middle English, from A-4 + NEW]

anfractuosity /ənfræktjʊˈɒsiti/ n.  1  circuitousness 曲折，千回百折 2  intricacy 错综复杂 [French anfractuosité via Late Latin anfractuosus from Latin anfractus ‘a bending’]

angary /ˈæŋɡəri/ n. Law  the right of a belligerent (subject to compensation for loss) to seize or destroy neutral property under military necessity 【法律】非常征用权(指交战国在军事需要时强征或毁坏中立国财产留待以后赔偿的权利) [French angarie, via Italian or Latin angaria ‘forced service’ from Greek aggareia, from aggaros ‘courier’]

angel /ˈeindʒ(ə)l/ n.  1  a  an attendant or messenger of God 天使b  a conventional representation of this in human form with wings (具人形并有翅膀的)天使形象c  an attendant spirit (伴随人的)精灵  evil angel  邪恶精灵 guardian angel  守护神d  a member of the lowest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 第九级(最低一级)天使 2  a  a very virtuous person 品德高尚的人b  an obliging person 善人，乐意帮忙的人  be an angel and answer the door  当一回好人去开开门吧 3  a messenger or bringer of something 信使，使者  angel of death  报丧使者 angel of mercy  仁慈的使者 4  an old English coin bearing the figure of the archangel Michael piercing the dragon 天使图案硬币(带有大天使迈克尔剑刺巨龙图案的一种英国古钱币) 5 slang  a financial backer of an enterprise, esp. in the theatre [俚语]企业的资金支持者(尤指戏剧界) 6  an unexplained radar echo (雷达显示的)杂散反射，假目标 [Old English engel or Old French angele, via ecclesiastical Latin angelus from Greek aggelos ‘messenger’]

Angela /ˈændʒilə/   安杰拉 [人名]

angel cake n. (also 亦作 angel food cake)  a very light sponge cake of flour and egg whites and no fat (一种用鸡蛋清和面粉制成的不含脂肪非常疏松的)白蛋糕

angel dust n. slang  the hallucinogenic drug phencyclidine hydrochloride [俚语]“天使粉”(一种致幻毒品)

Angeleno /ændʒəˈli:nəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 Los Angeleno /lɒs/) (pl. -os) esp. US  a native or inhabitant of Los Angeles in California [尤美]洛杉矶人；洛杉矶居民 [American Spanish]

angelfish /ˈeindʒ(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various fish, esp. Pterophyllum scalare, with large dorsal and ventral fins (有很大背鳍和腹鳍的)扁鲨，天使鱼

angelic /ænˈdʒelik/ adj.  1  like or relating to angels 天使的；像天使的 2  having characteristics attributed to angels, esp. sublime beauty or innocence 天使一般(尤指美丽或纯洁)的 □ angelical  adj.  □ angelically  adv.   [Middle English via French angélique or Late Latin angelicus from Greek aggelikos (as ANGEL)]

angelica /ænˈdʒelikə/ n.  1  an aromatic umbelliferous plant, Angelica archangelica, used in cooking and medicine 当归属植物(有香味的伞形植物，用于烹调或入药) 2  its candied stalks 当归茎 [medieval Latin (herba) angelica ‘angelic (herb)’]

angel-shark n.  = MONKFISH 2 

angels-on-horseback n. Brit.  a savoury of oysters wrapped in slices of bacon [英]“马背天使”(一种熏肉卷牡蛎开胃食品)

angelus /ˈændʒ(ə)ləs/ n.  1  a Roman Catholic devotion commemorating the Incarnation, said at morning, noon, and sunset (罗马天主教的)祈祷(早上、中午、傍晚各一次) 2  a bell announcing this 祈祷钟 [from the opening words Angelus domini (Latin, = the angel of the Lord)]

anger /ˈæŋɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  extreme or passionate displeasure 愤怒，恼火 ●v. tr.  make angry; enrage 激怒；使发怒 [Middle English from Old Norse angr ‘grief’, angra ‘vex’]

Angevin /ˈændʒəvin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Anjou (法国)安茹人；安茹居民 2  a Plantagenet, esp. any of the English kings from Henry II to John 安茹王朝(即金雀花王朝，尤指英王亨利二世至约翰王期间) ●adj.  1  of Anjou 安茹的 2  of the Plantagenets 金雀花王朝的 [French]

Angie /ˈændʒi/   安吉 [人名]

angina /ænˈdʒainə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 angina pectoris /ˈpekt(ə)ris/)  pain in the chest brought on by exertion, owing to an inadequate blood supply to the heart (由于用力造成心脏供血不足引起)心绞痛 2  an attack of intense constricting pain, esp. in the throat, often causing suffocation 绞痛；(尤指常造成窒息的)咽喉绞痛 [Latin, = quinsy (the earliest use in English), from Greek agkhonē ‘strangling’ (+ Latin pectoris ‘of the chest’ in sense 1)]

angiogram /ˈændʒiə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a radiograph of blood and lymph vessels, made by introducing a substance opaque to X-rays 血管、淋巴管造影照片 □ angiography  n.   [Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + -GRAM]

angioma /ændʒiˈəʊmə/ n. (pl. angiomata /-mətə/)  an abnormal growth produced by the dilatation or new formation of blood vessels 血管瘤 [modern Latin, from Greek aggeion ‘vessel’]

angioplasty /ˈændʒiə(ʊ)plæsti/ n.  an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or to unblock a coronary artery 血管修复术；冠状动脉疏通手术 [Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + -PLASTY]

angiosperm /ˈændʒiə(ʊ)spɜ:m/ n.  a plant of the subdivision Angiospermae producing flowers and reproducing by seeds enclosed within a carpel, including herbaceous plants, herbs, shrubs, grasses, and most trees (opp. 反义 GYMNOSPERM) 被子植物 □ angiospermous  /ændʒiə(ʊ)ˈspɜ:məs/ adj.   [Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + sperma ‘seed’]

Angle /ˈæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a member of a tribe from Schleswig that settled in eastern Britain in the 5th c. 盎格鲁人(约公元 5 世纪定居在英国东部的施莱斯维格部落的人) □ Anglian  adj.   [Latin Anglus from Germanic (Old English Engle: cf. ENGLISH), from Angul a district of Schleswig (now in N. Germany) (as ANGLE2, so called from its shape)]

angle1 /ˈæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the space between two meeting lines or surfaces 角b  the inclination of two lines or surfaces to each other 角度 2  a  a corner 角落b  a sharp projection 尖锐凸出物，角 3  a  the direction from which a photograph etc. is taken (照片等的)拍摄角度b  the aspect from which a matter is considered (对某一问题的)观察角度，考虑角度 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  move or place obliquely 斜向地移动；使成角度 2 tr.  present (information) from a particular point of view 从某一特定角度提出  was angled in favour of the victim  从有利于受害者的角度提出 [Middle English from Old French angle or from Latin angulus ‘corner’]

angle2 /ˈæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fish with hook and line 钓鱼，垂钓 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek an objective by devious or calculated means (转弯抹角地或以算计的手段)谋取，猎取  angled for a pay rise  拐弯抹角地请求加薪 ●n. archaic  a fish-hook [古义]钓鱼钩 [Old English angul]

angle brackets n. pl.  brackets in the form (see 见 BRACKET n. 3) 尖括号 

angled /ˈæŋɡ(ə)ld/ adj.  1  placed at an angle to something else 成一定角度放置的 2  presented to suit a particular point of view 以迎合某种观点而提出的 3  having an angle 有角度的

angle-iron n.  a piece of iron or steel with an L-shaped cross-section, used to strengthen a framework 角铁；角钢(截面成 L 形的铁条或钢条，用于加固框架等)

angle of attack n.  the angle between the chord of an aerofoil etc. and the direction of the surrounding undisturbed flow of air, water, etc. 攻角，迎角，冲角(指机翼等翼弦与空气、水面等气流方向之间的角度)

angle of incidence  see 见 INCIDENCE 

angle of reflection  see 见 REFLECTION 

angle of refraction  see 见 REFRACTION 

angle of repose n.  the steepest angle at which a sloping surface formed of loose material is stable 休止角，静止角(由松散物使构成的斜面处于稳定的最陡坡度)

anglepoise /ˈæŋɡ(ə)lpɔiz/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) propr.  a type of desk lamp with a sprung and jointed adjustable arm [商标] (一种带有弹簧性调节臂的)角度可调节台灯

angler /ˈæŋɡlə/ n.  1  a person who fishes with a hook and line 钓鱼的人，垂钓者 2  = ANGLER FISH 

angler fish n.  any of various fishes that prey upon small fish, attracting them by filaments arising from the dorsal fin Also called 亦称作 frogfish 琵琶鱼

Anglican /ˈæŋɡlik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Church of England or any Church in communion with it 英国国教的，英国圣公会的 ●n.  a member of an Anglican Church 英国国教徒，英国圣公会教徒 □ Anglicanism  n.   [medieval Latin Anglicanus (Magna Carta) from Anglicus (Bede) from Anglus ANGLE]

anglice /ˈæŋɡlisi/ adv.  in English 用英语方式，用英语说(写) [medieval Latin]

Anglicism /ˈæŋɡlisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a peculiarly English word or custom 英国习语；英国特有用词；英国习惯 2  Englishness 偏好英国事物的，英国风格，英国人作风 3  preference for what is English 亲英国；亲英语 [Latin Anglicus (see ANGLICAN) + -ISM]

Anglicize /ˈæŋɡlisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make English in form or character 使(形式或性质)英国化；使英语化

Anglist /ˈæŋɡlist/ n.  a student of or scholar in English language or literature 英国语言(或文学)的研究者(或学者) □ Anglistics  /-ˈɡlistiks/ n.   [German from Latin Anglus ‘English’]

Anglo /ˈænɡləʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Anglos)  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  a person of British or northern European origin, esp. (US) as distinct from a Hispanic American 祖籍英国或北欧的人；[尤美]非西班牙裔美国人b  an English-speaking person, esp. a white N. American who is not (US) of Hispanic descent or (Canad.) of French descent [美] (尤指非西班牙后裔的)操英语的北美白种人；[加] (尤指非法国后裔的)操英语的北美白种人 2 Brit.  a Scottish, Irish, or Welsh sports player who plays for an English club [英] (在英格兰俱乐部效力的)苏格兰、爱尔兰或威尔士运动员 ●adj.  of or relating to Anglos 英国人的；英格兰人的 [abbreviation of ANGLO-SAXON]

Anglo- /ˈæŋɡləʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  English (Anglo-Catholic 英国天主教徒) 英国的，英语的 2  of English origin (an Anglo-American 英裔美国人) 英国血统的 3  English or British and (an Anglo-American agreement 英美协定) 英格兰和…；英国和… [modern Latin from Latin Anglus ‘English’]

Anglo-Catholic /æŋɡləʊˈkæθ(ə)lik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a High Church Anglican group which emphasizes its Catholic tradition 英国国教高教会派的(该派强调天主教传统) ●n.  a member of this group 英国国教高教会派教徒

Anglocentric /æŋɡləʊˈsentrik/ adj.  centred on or considered in terms of England 以英格兰为中心的；从英格兰角度考虑的

Anglo-French /æŋɡləʊˈfren(t)ʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  English (or British) and French 英国(或英格兰)和法国的，英法的 2  of Anglo-French 关于英法的 ●n.  the French language as retained and separately developed in England after the Norman Conquest (诺曼人征服英国以后在英国独立演化而成的)英国法语

Anglo-Indian /æŋɡləʊˈindiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to England and India 英国和印度的，英印之间的 2  a  of British descent or birth but living or having lived long in India 侨居印度的英国人后裔的b  of mixed British and Indian parentage 英印混血儿的 3 (of a word) adopted into English from an Indian language (英语单词)来自印度语的 ●n.  an Anglo-Indian person 英裔印度人，英印混血儿

Anglo-Irish /æŋɡləʊˈairiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Engish descent but born or resident in Ireland 英裔爱尔兰人的 2  of mixed English and Irish parentage 英格兰(英国)和爱尔兰混血的 3  of or belonging to both Britain and the Republic of Ireland 英国和爱尔兰的，英爱的 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  Anglo-Irish people 英裔爱尔兰人 2  the English language as used in Ireland 爱尔兰英语

Anglo-Latin /æŋɡləʊˈlætin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Latin as used in medieval England 中世纪在英国使用的拉丁语的 ●n.  this form of Latin (中世纪的)英国拉丁语

Anglomania /æŋɡləʊˈmeiniə/ n.  excessive admiration of English customs 英国狂(指对英国习俗的极端崇拜)

Anglo-Norman /æŋɡləʊˈnɔ:mən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  English and Norman 英国(人)和诺曼(人)的 2  of the Normans in England after the Norman Conquest (诺曼征服之后)移居英国的诺曼人的 3  = ANGLO-FRENCHadj. 2  ●n.  = ANGLO-FRENCHn. 

Anglophile /ˈæŋɡlə(ʊ)fail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who is fond of or greatly admires England or the English 迷恋英国的人，亲英派 ●adj.  being or characteristic of an Anglophile 亲英派的

Anglophobe /ˈæŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊb/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who greatly hates or fears England or the English 痛恨(或害怕)英国(或英国人)的人；仇英者；恐英者 ●adj.  being or characteristic of an Anglophobe 仇英者的

Anglophobia /æŋɡlə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  intense hatred or fear of England or the English 仇英心理；恐英病

anglophone /ˈæŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  English-speaking 说英语的 ●n.  an English-speaking person 说英语的人 [ANGLO-, on the pattern of FRANCOPHONE]

Anglo-Saxon /æŋɡləʊˈsæks(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the English Saxons (as distinct from the Old Saxons of the Continent, and from the Angles) before the Norman Conquest (诺曼人征服英国以前的)英国撒克逊人的(用以区别来自大陆的旧撒克逊人和盎格鲁人) 2  of the Old English people as a whole before the Norman Conquest (诺曼人征服英国以前的)盎格鲁撒克逊人的 3  of English descent 英国血统的 ●n.  1  an Anglo-Saxon person 盎格鲁撒克逊人 2  the Old English language 古英语 3 colloq.  plain (esp. crude) English [口]简单的(尤指粗俗的)英语 4 US  the modern English language [美]现代英语 [modern Latin Anglo-Saxones, medieval Latin Angli Saxones, translating Old English Angulseaxe, -an]

Angola   安哥拉

Angolan /æŋˈgəulən/ adj. & n.  安哥拉的(人)

angora /æŋˈɡɔ:rə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a fabric made from the hair of the angora goat or rabbit 安哥拉羊毛(或兔毛)织物 2  a long-haired variety of cat, goat, or rabbit (长有长毛的)安哥拉猫(羊、兔) [Angora (the former name of Ankara in Turkey)]

angora wool n.  a mixture of sheep's wool and angora rabbit hair (羊毛和安哥拉兔毛混纺的)安哥拉混纺羊毛

angostura /æŋɡəˈstjʊərə/ n. (in full 全称 angostura bark)  an aromatic bitter bark used as a flavouring, and formerly used as a tonic and to reduce fever 安古斯图拉树皮(过去用作滋补或退烧药，现作调味品) [Angostura, a town in Venezuela on the Orinoco, now Ciudad Bolívar]

Angostura Bitters n. pl. propr.  a kind of tonic first made in Angostura [商标]安古斯图拉树皮制剂(一种滋补药剂)

angry /ˈæŋɡri/ adj. (angrier, angriest)  1  feeling or showing anger; extremely displeased or resentful 生气的，愤怒的 2 (of a wound, sore, etc.) inflamed, painful (伤口、疮等)发炎的；疼痛的 3  suggesting or seeming to show anger 狂暴的；似乎在发怒的  an angry sky  发怒的天空 □ angrily  adv.   [Middle English, from ANGER + -Y1]

angst /æŋst/ n.  1  anxiety 焦虑，担心 2  a feeling of guilt or remorse 内疚，懊悔 [German]

angstrom /ˈæŋstrəm/ n. (also 亦作 ångström /ˈɒŋstrɜ:m/)  a unit of length equal to 10-10 metre (symbol 符 Å) 埃(长度单位，等于 10-10 米) [named after A.J. Ångström, Swedish physicist d. 1874]

Anguilla /æŋˈgwilə/ n.  安圭拉岛 [位于西印度群岛]

Anguillan /æŋˈgwilən/ adj. & n.  安圭拉岛的(人)

anguine /ˈæŋɡwin/ adj.  of or resembling a snake 蛇的；似蛇的 [Latin anguinus from anguis ‘snake’]

anguish /ˈæŋɡwiʃ/ n.  severe mental or physical pain or suffering (身、心的)极度痛苦；苦闷 [Middle English via Old French anguisse ‘choking’ from Latin angustia ‘tightness’, from angustus ‘narrow’]

anguished /ˈæŋɡwiʃt/ adj.  suffering or expressing anguish 痛苦的，苦恼的 [past part. of anguish via Old French anguissier from ecclesiastical Latin angustiare ‘to distress’: see ANGUISH]

angular /ˈæŋɡjʊlə/ adj.  1  a  having angles or sharp corners 有角的，有尖的b (of a person) having sharp features; lean and bony (指人)棱角分明的；瘦骨嶙峋的c  awkward in manner 古怪的；生硬的 2  forming an angle 形成角度的 3  measured by angle 按角度衡量的  angular distance  角线距离 □ angularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ angularly  adv.   [Latin angularis from angulus ANGLE1]

angular momentum n.  the quantity of rotation of a body, the product of its moment of inertia and angular velocity 角动量，动量矩

angular velocity n.  the rate of change of angular position of a rotating body 角速度

Angus /ˈæŋgəs/   安格斯 [人名]

angwantibo /əŋˈɡwɒntibəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small rare primate, Arctocebus calabarensis of west central Africa, related to the potto 金熊猴(产于非洲中西部的一种稀有的小型灵长类动物) [Efik]

anhedral /ænˈhi:dr(ə)l, -ˈhed-/ n. & adj. Aeron. 【空】  ●n.  the angle between the wing of an aircraft and the horizontal when the wing is inclined downwards 下反角(机翼向下倾斜时与地平线的夹角) ●adj.  of or having an anhedral 下反角的 [AN-1 + -hedral (see -HEDRON)]

anhinga /ænˈhiŋɡə/ n. US  a darter, esp. Anhinga anhinga of America Also called 亦称作 snake bird [美]蛇鹈；(尤指)美国蛇鹈 [Portuguese, from Tupi ɑˊyinga]

anhydride /ænˈhaidraid/ n. Chem.  a compound obtained by removing the elements of water from another compound, esp. from an acid 【化】无水物，酐 [as ANHYDROUS + -IDE]

anhydrite /ænˈhaidrait/ n.  a naturally occurring usu. rock-forming anhydrous mineral form of calcium sulphate 硬石膏，无水石膏 [as ANHYDROUS + -ITE1]

anhydrous /ænˈhaidrəs/ adj. Chem.  without water, esp. water of crystallization 【化】无水的(尤指结晶水) [Greek anudros (as AN-1, hudōr ‘water’)]

ani /ˈɑ:ni/ n. (pl. anis)  any of various glossy black large-billed birds of the genus Crotophaga, of the cuckoo family, found in Central and S. America (犀鹃属)美洲黑杜鹃 [Spanish aní, Portuguese anum, from Tupi an]

aniline /ˈænili:n, -lin/ n.  a colourless oily liquid, used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and plastics Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H5NH2 苯胺 [German Anilin from Anil ‘indigo’ (from which it was originally obtained), ultimately from Arabic an-nīl]

aniline dye n.  a synthetic dye, esp. one made from aniline (尤指苯胺)合成染料

anima /ˈænimə/ n. Psychol. 【心】  1  the inner personality (opp. 反义 PERSONA 1) 内心；灵魂，灵气 2  Jung's term for the feminine part of a man's personality (opp. 反义 ANIMUS 4) (男性的)女性特征(心理学家荣格的术语) [Latin, = mind, soul]

animadvert /ˌænimədˈvɜ:t/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  criticize, censure (conduct, a fault, etc.) 批评；指责，谴责(行为、错误等) □ animadversion  n.   [Latin animadvertere from animus ‘mind’ + advertere (as AD-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

animal /ˈænim(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a living organism which feeds on organic matter, usu. with specialized sense organs and nervous system, and able to respond rapidly to stimuli 动物，禽兽，牲畜 2  a  such an organism other than a human (有别于人的)动物b  a quadruped 四足动物 3  a brutish or uncivilized person 残忍或野蛮的人 4 colloq.  a person or thing of any kind [口]人或其他任何东西  there is no such animal  天下无此类 ●adj.  1  characteristic of animals 具有动物特征的 2  of animals as distinct from plants (区别于植物的)动物的，野兽的  animal charcoal  兽炭 3  characteristic of the physical needs of animals; carnal, sensual 动物肉体需要的；性欲的；肉欲的 [Latin from animale, neut. of animalis ‘having breath’ from anima ‘breath’]

animalcule /æniˈmælkju:l/ n. archaic  a microscopic animal [古义]微动物 □ animalcular  adj.   [modern Latin animalculum (as ANIMAL, -CULE)]

animal husbandry n.  the science of breeding and caring for farm animals 畜牧学，畜牧业

animalism /ˈænim(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the nature and activity of animals 动物特性，兽性 2  the belief that humans are not superior to other animals 人即动物论 3  concern with physical matters; sensuality 兽欲；肉欲，淫欲

animality /æniˈmæliti/ n.  1  the animal world 动物界 2  the nature or behaviour of animals 动物性；动物行为 [French animalité from animal (adj.)]

animalize /ˈænim(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person) bestial; sensualize 使(人)兽性化；使沉溺于肉欲 2  convert to animal substance 使具有动物特征 □ animalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

animal liberation n.  the liberation of animals from exploitation by humans (从人的使役中)解放动物，动物解放(运动)

animal magnetism n.  1 hist.  mesmerism [史义]催眠力；使人沉迷的魅力 2  sexual attraction 性吸引力，肉欲吸引力

animal rights n. pl.  the natural right of animals to live free from human exploitation 动物(不受人类使役)的权利 often 常作 attrib.: animal rights activists  动物权利保护者

animal spirits n. pl.  natural exuberance (自然的)生气，生机勃勃

animate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈænimət/  1  having life 有生命的 2  lively 生气勃勃的，活泼的 ●v. tr. /ˈænimeit/  1  enliven, make lively 使有生气，使活泼 2  give life to 使有生命，给予生命 3  inspire, actuate; encourage 鼓励，激励，激发 4 (esp. as 尤作 animated adj.) Cinematog.  give (a film, cartoon figure, etc.) the appearance of movement using animation techniques 【电影】(使用动画等技术)赋予(影片、卡通人、物等)以生命，使栩栩如生；把…摄制成动画片 [Latin animatus, past part. of animare ‘give life to’, from anima ‘life, soul’]

animated /ˈænimeitid/ adj.  1  lively, vigorous 活泼的，生机勃勃的 2  having life 有生命的，活动的 □ animatedly  adv.  

animateur /ænimæˈtɜ:/ n.  a person who enlivens or encourages something, esp. a promoter of artistic projects (尤指艺术项目的)发起人，倡导者 [French]

animation /æniˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  vivacity, ardour 活泼，生气 2  the state of being alive 有生命，活着(的状态) 3 Cinematog.  the technique of filming successive drawings or positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the film is shown as a sequence 【电影】动画制作技术；动画片

animator /ˈænimeitə/ n.  1  an artist who prepares animated films, esp. cartoons 动画片(尤指卡通片)制作者 2  a person who animates something, esp. who facilitates a discussion 起活跃作用的人(尤指推进讨论的人)

animatronics /ˌæniməˈtrɒniks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the technique of making and operating lifelike robots 动物机器人制造与操作技术 □ animatronic  adj.   [portmanteau word from ANIMATED + ELECTRONICS]

animism /ˈænimiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the attribution of a living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena (赋予植物、无生命物及自然现象的)灵魂，灵气 2  the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe 万物有灵论 □ animist  n.  □ animistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.   [Latin anima ‘life, soul’ + -ISM]

animosity /æniˈmɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a spirit or feeling of strong hostility 仇恨，敌意 [Middle English from Old French animosité or Late Latin animositas, from animosus ‘spirited’, formed as ANIMUS]

animus /ˈæniməs/ n.  1  a display of animosity 敌对行为，敌对态度 2  ill feeling 恶意，敌意 3  a motivating spirit or feeling 意图，企图 4 Psychol.  Jung's term for the masculine part of a woman's personality (opp. 反义 ANIMA 2) 【心】(女性性格中的)男性特征(心理学家荣格的术语) [Latin, = spirit, mind]

animé /ˈænimei/ n.  any of various resins, esp. a W. Indian resin used in making varnish 硬树脂，芳香树脂(尤指产于西印度用于涂料的一种树脂) [French, from Tupi wana'ni]

anion /ˈænaiən/ n. Chem.  a negatively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the anode in electrolysis (opp. 反义 CATION) 【化】带负电荷的离子，阴离子 [ANA- + ION]

anionic /ænaiˈɒnik/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1  of an anion or anions 阴离子的 2  having an active anion 具有活性阴离子的

anise /ˈænis/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Pimpinella anisum, having aromatic seeds (see 见 ANISEED) 茴芹，大茴香 [Middle English via Old French anis and Latin from Greek anison ‘anise, dill’]

aniseed /ˈænisi:d/ n.  the seed of the anise, used to flavour liqueurs and sweets 洋茴香(茴芹种子)，八角 [Middle English from ANISE + SEED]

anisette /æniˈzet/ n.  a liqueur flavoured with aniseed 茴香酒 [French, diminutive of anis ANISE]

anisotropic /ˌænaisəˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒp-/ adj.  having physical properties that are different in different directions, e.g. the strength of wood along the grain differing from that across the grain (opp. 反义 ISOTROPIC) 各向异性的(尤指木质的纹理纵向强度不同于横向强度) □ anisotropy  /-ˈsɒtrəpi/ n.   [AN-1 + ISOTROPIC]

Anita /əˈni:tə/   阿妮塔 [人名]

Ankara /ˈæŋkərə/ n.  安卡拉 [土耳其首都]

ankh /æŋk/ n.  a device consisting of a looped bar with a shorter crossbar, used in ancient Egypt as a symbol of life (古埃及作为生命象征的)带有环状短柄的十字形物 [Egyptian, = life, soul]

ankle /ˈæŋk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the joint connecting the foot with the leg 踝，脚踝 2  the part of the leg between this and the calf 踝关节 ●v. intr.  1 slang  walk [俚语]走路，行走 2  flex the ankles while cycling to increase pedalling efficiency 活动着踝关节骑自行车(以增进蹬踏力) [Old English and Old Norse, from Germanic: related to ANGLE1]

ankle-biter n. N. Amer. & Austral. slang  a child [北美澳] [俚语]小孩

ankle-bone n.  a bone forming the ankle 踝骨，距骨

ankle sock n.  a short sock just covering the ankle 仅到脚踝部的短袜

anklet /ˈæŋklit/ n.  1  an ornament or fetter worn round the ankle 脚镯；脚镣 2 esp. US [尤美]  = ANKLE SOCK  [ANKLE + -LET, on the pattern of BRACELET]

ankylosaur /ˈæŋkiləsɔ:/ n.  a member of the suborder Ankylosauria of heavily armoured quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs 甲龙(一种披甲四足食草恐龙) [modern Latin Ankylosaurus genus name, from Greek agkulōsis ANKYLOSIS + sauros ‘lizard’]

ankylose /ˈæŋkiləʊz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 anchylose) (of bones or a joint) stiffen or unite by ankylosis (关节)变僵硬；(骨头)连结，长合 [back-formation from ANKYLOSIS, on the pattern of anastomose etc.]

ankylosis /æŋkiˈləʊsis/ n. (also 亦作 anchylosis)  1  the abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint by fusion of the bones (由于骨头长合而使关节)僵硬 2  such fusion (骨头)融合，长合 □ ankylotic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek agkulōsis, from agkuloō ‘crook’]

Ann /æn/   安 [人名]

Anna /ˈænə/   安娜 [人名]

anna /ˈænə/ n.  a former monetary unit of India and Pakistan, one-sixteenth of a rupee 安那(印度及巴基斯坦旧货币单位，等于 1/16 卢比) [Hindustani ɑˉnɑˉ]

Annabel /ˈænəbel/   安纳贝尔 [人名]

Annabelle /ˈænəbel/   安纳贝尔 [人名]

annal /ˈæn(ə)l/ n.  1  the annals of one year 年鉴，年报 2  a record of one item in a chronicle 编年史中的专项 [back-formation from ANNALS]

annalist /ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  a writer of annals 编年史作者，纪年表编者 □ annalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ annalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

annals /ˈæn(ə)lz/ n. pl.  1  a narrative of events year by year 年鉴，纪年表 2  historical records 历史记录，编年史 [French annales or Latin annales (libri) ‘yearly (books)’, from annus ‘year’]

annates /ˈæneits/ n. pl. RC Ch.  the first year's revenue of a see or benefice, paid to the Pope 【天主教】任圣职第一年的收入(须献给教皇) [French annate from medieval Latin annata ‘year's proceeds’, from annus ‘year’]

annatto /əˈnætəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 anatta /-tə/, anatto)  an orange-red dye from the pulp of a tropical fruit, used for colouring foods 胭脂树橙，胭脂树红(从一种热带水果中提取的橙红色浆液，用于食物着色) [Carib name of the fruit tree]

Anne /æn/   安 [人名]

anneal /əˈni:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool slowly, esp. to toughen it 给(金属或玻璃)退火 , (尤指)使之硬化 2 tr.  toughen 使变韧；使坚强 3 Biochem. 【生化】  a tr.  recombine (DNA) in the double-stranded form 将 (DNA) 重组成双链结构，使(核酸)结合b intr.  undergo this process 进行核酸结合，进行退火处理 ●n.  treatment by annealing 冷却处理，退火处理 □ annealer  n.   [Old English onlan, from on + lan ‘burn, bake’ from ɑˉl ‘fire’]

annelid /ˈæn(ə)lid/ n.  a segmented worm of the phylum Annelida, which includes earthworms, lugworms, etc. 环节动物(包括蚯蚓、沙蠋等) [French annélide or modern Latin annelida (pl.), from French annelés ‘ringed animals’ via Old French anel ‘ring’ from Latin anellus, diminutive of anulus ‘ring’]

annelidan /əˈnelid(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the annelids 环节动物的 ●n.  an annelid 环节动物

Annette /əˈnet/   安妮特 [人名]

annex v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈneks/  1  a  add as a subordinate part 附加，添加附属物b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  append to a book etc. (为书等)添加附录 2  incorporate (territory of another) into one's own 并吞(他人领地) 3  add as a condition or consequence 附带(作为一项条件或后果) 4 colloq.  take without right [口]非分取得，强行占有 ●n. /ˈæneks/  = ANNEXE  □ annexation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French annexer from Latin annectere (as AN-2, nectere nex- ‘bind’)]

annexe /ˈæneks/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a separate or added building, esp. for extra accommodation (尤指作为额外容纳空间的)附属建筑物 2  an addition to a document (文件的)附加部分，附件，附录 [French annexe from Latin annexum, past part. of annectere ‘bind’: see ANNEX]

Annie /ˈæni/   安妮 [人名]

annihilate /əˈnaiileit/ v. tr.  1  completely destroy 消灭，歼灭 2  defeat utterly; make insignificant or powerless 彻底打败；摧毁 □ annihilator  n.   [Late Latin annihilare (as AN-2, nihil ‘nothing’)]

annihilation /ənaiiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of annihilating 歼灭，灭绝 2 Physics  the conversion of a particle and an antiparticle into radiation 【物理学】(粒子与反粒子的)湮灭，湮没 [French annihilation or Late Latin annihilatio (as ANNIHILATE)]

anniversary /æniˈvɜ:s(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the date on which an event took place in a previous year 周年；周年纪念日 2  the celebration of this 周年纪念 [Middle English from Latin anniversarius, from annus ‘year’ + versus ‘turned’]

Anno Domini /ˌænəʊ ˈdɒminai/ adv. & n. ●adv.  in the year of our Lord, in the year of the Christian era 耶稣纪元，公元 ●n. colloq.  advancing age [口]趋于衰老的年龄  suffering from Anno Domini  受衰老之苦 [Latin, = in the year of the Lord]

annotate /ˈænəteit/ v. tr.  add explanatory notes to (a book, document, etc.) 给(书、文件等)作注解，加注 □ annotatable  adj.  □ annotation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ annotative  adj.  □ annotator  n.   [Latin annotare (as AD-, nota ‘mark’)]

announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that)  make publicly known 公布，通告，通知 2  make known the arrival or imminence of (a guest, dinner, etc.) 告知(客人到来、就餐时间等) 3  make known (without words) to the senses or the mind; be a sign of 预示，预告；作为…的迹象 □ announcement  n.   [Middle English via Old French annoncer from Latin annuntiare (as AD-, nuntius ‘messenger’)]

announcer /əˈnaʊnsə/ n.  a person who announces, esp. introducing programmes in broadcasting 宣告者(尤指广播节目报告员)

annoy /əˈnɔi/ v. tr.  1  cause slight anger or mental distress to 使烦恼，使不快 2 (in passive 用被动)  be somewhat angry 反感，恼火  am annoyed with you  我对你很恼火 was annoyed at my remarks  对我的话很恼火 3  molest; harass repeatedly 打扰，困扰；骚扰 □ annoyance  n.  □ annoyer  n.   [Middle English from Old French anuier, anui, anoi, etc., ultimately from Latin in odio ‘hateful’]

annual /ˈænjʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  reckoned by the year 每年的，年度的 2  occurring every year 一年一次的 3  living or lasting for one year 一年间进行的，持续一年的 ●n.  1  a book etc. published once a year; a yearbook 年刊；年报；年鉴 2  a plant that lives only for a year or less 一年(以下)生植物 □ annually  adv.   [Middle English via Old French annuel and Late Latin annualis from Latin annalis, from annus ‘year’]

annual general meeting n. Brit.  a yearly meeting of members or shareholders, esp. for holding elections and reporting on the year's events [英] (会员或股东的)年度大会(尤指为了选举和报告一年来发生的大事)

annualized /ˈænjʊəlaizd/ adj. (of rates of interest, inflation, etc.) calculated on an annual basis, as a projection from figures obtained for a shorter period (利息率、通货膨胀率等从一个较短时期数字推算的)按年度计算的

annual ring n.  a ring in the cross-section of a plant, esp. a tree, produced by one year's growth (植物、尤指树木的)年轮

annuitant /əˈnju:it(ə)nt/ n.  a person who holds or receives an annuity 接受年金的人，领取年金的人 [ANNUITY + -ANT, by assimilation to accountant etc.]

annuity /əˈnju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a yearly grant or allowance 年金 2  an investment of money entitling the investor to a series of equal annual sums over a stated period (使投资者在若干年内每年收取等额的)年金 3  a sum payable in respect of a particular year (某一年的)年金支付数额 [Middle English via French annuité and medieval Latin annuitas -tatis from Latin annuus ‘yearly’ (as ANNUAL)]

annul /əˈnʌl/ v. tr. (annulled, annulling)  1  declare (a marriage etc.) invalid 宣告(婚姻等)无效 2  cancel, abolish 废除，取消 □ annulment  n.   [Middle English via Old French anuller from Late Latin annullare (as AD-, nullus ‘none’)]

annular /ˈænjʊlə/ adj.  ring-shaped; forming a ring 环形的，呈环状的 □ annularly  adv.   [French annulaire or Latin annularis, from an(n)ulus ‘ring’]

annular eclipse n.  an eclipse of the sun in which the edge of the sun remains visible as a bright ring around the moon 日环食

annulate /ˈænjʊlət/ adj.  having rings; marked with or formed of rings 有环(纹)的；由环标示(或构成)的 □ annulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin annulatus (as ANNULUS)]

annulet /ˈænjʊlit/ n.  1 Archit.  a small fillet or band encircling a column 【建】(环绕柱子的)小环带，圆箍线 2  a small ring 小环，小圈 [Latin annulus ‘ring’ + -ET1]

annulus /ˈænjʊləs/ n. (pl. annuli /-lai, -li:/) esp. Math. & Biol.  a ring 【数】【生】环；环状物 [Latin an(n)ulus]

annunciate /əˈnʌnsieit/ v. tr.  1  proclaim 宣告，宣布 2  indicate as coming or ready 表明即将到来(或就绪) [Late Latin annunciare from Latin annuntiare annuntiat- ‘announce’]

annunciation /ənʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (作 Annunciation)  a  the announcing of the Incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to Mary, related in Luke 1:26 － 38 (天使加百列向圣母马利亚)报有喜(语出《路加福音》 1:26 － 38)b  the festival commemorating this (Lady Day) on 25 March 圣母领报节 (3 月 25 日) 2  a  the act or process of announcing 宣布，宣告b  an announcement 公告，通告 [Middle English via Old French annonciation from Late Latin annuntiatio -onis (as ANNUNCIATE)]

annunciator /əˈnʌnsieitə/ n.  1  a device giving an audible or visible indication of which of several electrical circuits has been activated, of the position of a train, etc. (发出视听信号，告知电路是否开启，火车位置等的)信号器 2  an announcer 宣告者，通报者 [Late Latin annuntiator (as ANNUNCIATE)]

annus horribilis /ˌænəs hɒˈri:bilis/ n.  a horrible year 可怕之年，糟糕之年 [modern Latin]

annus mirabilis /ˌænəs miˈrɑ:bilis/ n.  a remarkable or auspicious year 奇异之年；吉祥之年 [modern Latin, = wonderful year]

anoa /əˈnəʊə/ n.  any of several small deerlike water buffalo of the genus Bubalus, native to Sulawesi (产于苏拉威形似鹿的)倭水牛，小野牛 [its name in Sulawesi]

anode n. /ˈænəʊd/ Electr. 【电】  1  the negative terminal of an electrical device (opp. 反义 CATHODE) (电路的)阳极 2  the terminal or electrode by which electric current enters a device 电流的流入极 □ anodal  /əˈnəʊd(ə)l/ adj.  □ anodic  /əˈnɒdik/ adj.   [Greek anodos ‘way up’, from ana ‘up’ + hodos ‘way’]

anodize /ˈænədaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  coat (a metal, esp. aluminium) with a protective oxide layer by electrolysis 对(金属、尤指铝)作阳极氧化处理 □ anodizer  n.   [ANODE + -IZE]

anodyne /ˈænədain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to relieve pain 可止痛的 2  mentally soothing 使人宽心的，宽慰的 ●n.  an anodyne drug or medicine 止痛药，镇痛剂 [Latin anodynus from Greek anōdunos ‘painless’ (as AN-1, odunē ‘pain’)]

anoesis /ænəʊˈi:sis/ n. Psychol.  consciousness with sensation but without thought 【心】无思维的纯感觉状态 □ anoetic  /-ˈetik/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek noēsis ‘understanding’]

anoint /əˈnɔint/ v. tr.  1  apply oil or ointment to, esp. as a religious ceremony (e.g. at baptism, or the consecration of a priest or king, or in ministering to the sick) (尤指在施洗、授予圣职或王位、治疗病人等)涂油或软膏于 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  smear, rub 涂敷；揉擦 □ Anointing of the Sick  esp. RC Ch.  the sacramental anointing of the ill or infirm with blessed oil; unction (尤)【天主教】给病人(或年迈体弱的人)涂圣油，涂油膏□ anointer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French anoint (adj.) from Old French enoint, past part. of enoindre, from Latin inungere (as IN-2, ungere unct- ‘smear with oil’)]

anole /əˈnəʊli/ n.  a lizard of the American genus Anolis, esp. the green A. carolinensis 变色龙，变色蜥 [Carib]

anomalistic /ənɒməˈlistik/ adj. Astron.  of or relating to the anomaly of a planet etc. 【天】(星球等)近点的

anomalistic month n.  a month measured between successive perigees of the moon (按月亮近地点算出的)近点月

anomalistic year n.  a year measured between successive perihelia of the earth (按地球近日点算出的)近点年

anomalous /əˈnɒm(ə)ləs/ adj.  having an irregular or deviant feature; abnormal 不规则的；反常的 □ anomalously  adv.  □ anomalousness  n.   [Late Latin anomalus from Greek anōmalos (as AN-1, homalos ‘even’)]

anomalure /əˈnɒməljʊə/ n.  any of the squirrel-like rodents of the family Anomaluridae, having tails with rough overlapping scales on the underside 鳞尾松鼠 [modern Latin anomalurus, from Greek anōmalos ANOMALOUS + oura ‘tail’]

anomaly /əˈnɒm(ə)li/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an anomalous circumstance or thing; an irregularity 异常情况，反常事物；不规则，不按常规 2  irregularity of motion, behaviour, etc. (运动、行为等)异常，反常 3 Astron.  the angular distance of a planet or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee 【天】(星球或卫星距其最后一次近日点或近地点的)角距 [Latin from Greek anōmalia, from anōmalos ANOMALOUS]

anomie /ˈænəmi/ n. (also 亦作 anomy)  lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group (个人或群体丧失通常的社会或伦理标准的)反常状态，混乱 □ anomic  /əˈnɒmik/ adj.   [Greek anomia from anomos ‘lawless’: -ie from French]

anon /əˈnɒn/ adv. archaic or literary  soon, shortly [古义] [文学用语]不久；不久以后  will say more of this anon  以后再说此事 [originally = in or into one state, course, etc., later = at once: Old English on ɑˉn ‘into one’, on ɑˉne ‘in one’]

anon. /əˈnɒn/ abbr.  anonymous; an anonymous author [缩略]匿名的；佚名作者

anonym /ˈænənim/ n.  1  an anonymous person or publication 无名氏，匿名者；作者不明的出版物 2  a pseudonym 假名；笔名 [French anonyme from Greek anōnumos: see ANONYMOUS]

anonymous /əˈnɒniməs/ adj.  1  of unknown name 匿名的；姓氏不明的 2  of unknown or undeclared source or authorship 来源不明的；作者不详的 3  without character; featureless, impersonal 没有特点的，无特色的；非个人的 □ anonymity  /ænəˈnimiti/ n.  □ anonymously  adv.   [Late Latin anonymus from Greek anōnumos ‘nameless’ (as AN-1, onoma ‘name’)]

anopheles /əˈnɒfili:z/ n.  a mosquito of the genus Anopheles, which includes many that are carriers of the malarial parasite (传布疟疾寄生虫的)按蚊 [modern Latin from Greek anōphelēs ‘unprofitable’]

anorak /ˈænəræk/ n.  1  a waterproof jacket of cloth or plastic, usu. with a hood, of a kind originally used in polar regions (通常指源自极地地区的带兜帽的防水)御寒外套 2 colloq. derog.  a boring, studious, or socially inept person with unfashionable and solitary interests [口] [贬]不善交际、无聊或怪异的人 [Greenland Eskimo anoraq]

anorexia /ænəˈreksiə/ n.  1  a lack or loss of appetite for food 无食欲，食欲减退 2 (in full 全称 anorexia nervosa /nɜ:ˈvəʊsə/)  a psychological illness, esp. in young women, characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat (尤指年轻妇女因过度渴望减肥而拒绝进食的)厌食症 [Late Latin from Greek (as AN-1 + orexis ‘appetite’)]

anorexic /ænəˈreksik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 anorectic /-ˈrektik/) ●adj.  1  involving, producing, or characterized by a lack of appetite, esp. in anorexia nervosa 厌食的，食欲不振的(尤指神经性食欲缺乏) 2 colloq.  extremely thin [口]特别瘦的 ●n.  1  an anorexic agent 减肥药 2  a person with anorexia 厌食的人 [French anoréxique: anorectic from Greek anorektos ‘without appetite’ (as ANOREXIA)]

anorthosite /əˈnɔ:θəsait/ n. Geol.  a granular igneous rock composed largely of plagioclase 【地质】斜长岩，钙长石 [French anorthose ‘plagioclase’ + -ITE1]

anosmia /æˈnɒzmiə/ n.  the loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失，嗅觉缺失 □ anosmic  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek (as AN-2 + osmē ‘smell’)]

another /əˈnʌðə/ det. & pron. ●det.  1  an additional; one more 另外，另一个  have another cake  再来一块点心 after another six months  又过了 6 个月 2  a person like or comparable to 像…的人；可与…相比的人  another Callas  又一个卡拉斯 [生于美国的希腊女高音歌唱家] 3  a different 不同的，另类的  quite another matter  完全另外一回事 4  some or any other (另外的)某一，任一  will not do another man's work  不愿干别人的工作 ●pron.  1  an additional one 另一个，又一个  have another  还有一个 2  a different one 不同的另一个  take this book away and bring me another  拿走这本书再换一本来 3  some or any other one (另外的)某一个，任意一个  I love another  我想再要一个 4 Brit.  an unnamed additional party to a legal action [英] (法律诉讼中不指名的)另一方  X versus Y and another  甲方诉乙方和另一方 5 (usu. 通常作 A. N. Other /ei en ˈʌðə/) Brit.  a player unnamed or not yet selected [英]未指名(或尚未选定的)运动员 □ such another   another of the same sort 另一个这样的 [Middle English from AN + OTHER]

another place n. Brit.  the other House of Parliament (used in the Commons to refer to the Lords, and vice versa) [英]另一院(下议院用于指上议院，上议院用于指下议院)

ANOVA /ˈænəvɑ:/ n.  analysis of variance, a statistical method in which the variation in a set of observations is divided into distinct components 方差分析(一种统计学分析方法) [acronym]

anovulant /æˈnɒvjʊlənt/ n. & adj. Pharm. 【药】  ●n.  a drug preventing ovulation 抑制排卵药 ●adj.  preventing ovulation 抑制排卵的 [AN-1 + ovulation (see OVULATE) + -ANT]

anoxia /æˈnɒksiə/ n. Med.  an absence or deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues; severe hypoxia 【医】缺氧症；严重缺氧 □ anoxic  adj.   [AN-1 + OXYGEN + -IA1]

anschluss /ˈænʃlʊs/ n.  a unification, esp. (作 Anschluss) the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938 合并(大写尤指 1938 年德国对奥地利的吞并) [German from anschliessen ‘join’]

anserine /ˈænsərain/ adj.  1  of or like a goose 鹅的；像鹅的 2  silly 呆笨的，愚蠢的 [Latin anserinus, from anser ‘goose’]

ANSI abbr.  American National Standards Institute [缩略]美国国家标准协会

answer /ˈɑ:nsə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something said or done to deal with or in reaction to a question, statement, or circumstance 回答，应答 2  the solution to a problem (对某一问题的)答案，解决方案 ●v.  1 tr.  make an answer to 回答，答复  answer me  回答我 answer my question  回答我的问题 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make an answer 作答，回复 3 tr.  respond to the summons or signal of (对召唤或信号的)反应，回应  answer the door  应门 answer the telephone  接电话 4 tr.  be satisfactory for (a purpose or need) 适合(某种目的或需要)；满意 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, to)  be responsible 负责  you will answer to me for your conduct  你的行为要对我负责 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  correspond, esp. to a description 一致，符合(尤指说明等) 7 intr.  be satisfactory or successful 满意，有结果 □ answer back   answer a rebuke etc. impudently 回敬；回嘴，顶嘴□ answer to the name of   be called 叫作，名叫 [Old English andswaru, andswarian from Germanic, = swear against (charge)]

answerable /ˈɑ:ns(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  responsible 负责的，有责任的  answerable to them for any accident  对他们的任何事故负有责任 2  that can be answered 可回答的

answering machine n.  a tape recorder which supplies a recorded answer to a telephone call 电话录音回复机

answering service n.  a business that receives and answers telephone calls for its clients 接听回复电话服务

answerphone /ˈɑ:nsəfəʊn/ n. Brit.  a telephone answering machine [英]录音电话回复机

ant /ænt/ n. & v. ●n.  any small insect of the widely distributed hymenopterous family Formicidae, living in complex social colonies, wingless (except for adults at the time of mating), and proverbial for industry 蚁，蚂蚁 ●v. intr. & refl. (usu. as 通常作 anting n.) (of a bird) place or rub ants on the feathers to repel parasites (鸟类)将蚂蚁放在羽毛中摩擦以消灭寄生虫 □ have ants in one's pants  colloq.  be fidgety or restless [口]烦燥，坐立不安 [Old English met(t)e, ēmete (see EMMET), from West Germanic]

ant- /ænt/  assim. form of ANTI- before a vowel or h (Antarctic 南极) (用于元音或 h 前)ANTI- 的同化形式

-ant /(ə)nt/ suffix  1  forming adjectives denoting attribution of an action  pendant  下垂的 repentant  后悔的 or state  arrogant  傲慢的 expectant  预期的 构成形容词，表示动作的属性；或表示状态 2  forming nouns denoting an agent (assistant 助手 ; celebrant 司仪神甫 ; deodorant 防臭剂) 构成施主名词 [French -ant or Latin -ant-, -ent-, pres. part. stem of verbs: cf. -ENT]

antacid /æntˈæsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance that prevents or corrects acidity esp. in the stomach (尤指在胃中的)解酸剂；防酸剂；抗酸剂 ●adj.  having these properties 解酸的；防酸的；抗酸的

antagonism /ænˈtæɡ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  active opposition or hostility 对抗；敌对，敌意 [French antagonisme (as ANTAGONIST)]

antagonist /ænˈtæɡ(ə)nist/ n.  1  an opponent or adversary 对手；敌手 2 Biol.  a substance or organ that partially or completely opposes the action of another 【生】拮抗物，对抗剂(与另一物质或器官的作用部分或完全对立的物质或器官) □ antagonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ antagonistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French antagoniste or Late Latin antagonista, from Greek antagōnistēs (as ANTAGONIZE)]

antagonize /ænˈtæɡ(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  evoke hostility or opposition or enmity in 激起敌意；引起对抗情绪 2 (of one force etc.) counteract or tend to neutralize (another) 对…起反作用；抵消，中和 □ antagonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek antagōnizomai (as ANTI-, agōnizomai from agōn ‘contest’)]

Antananarivo n.  塔那那利佛 [马达加斯加首都]

Antarctic /ænˈtɑ:ktik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the south polar regions 南极的，南极地区的 ●n.  these regions 南极，南极地区 [Middle English via Old French antartique or Latin antarcticus from Greek antarktikos (as ANTI-, arktikos ARCTIC)]

Antarctica /æntˈɑ:ktikə/ n.  南极洲

Antarctic Circle n.  the parallel of latitude 66°33 ′ S., forming an imaginary line round the Antarctic regions 南极圈 (66°33 ′南纬度线)

Antarctic Ocean n.  = SOUTHERN OCEAN 

ant-bear n.  = AARDVARK 

ante /ˈænti/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stake put up by a player in poker etc. before receiving cards (扑克等在发牌之前所下的)赌注 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 up the ante)  an amount to be paid in advance; a stake 需预先付出的款项；应摊的份子；赌注 ●v. tr. (antes, anted)  1  put up as an ante 下赌注 2  a  bet, stake 打赌b (foll. by 后跟 up)  pay 支付，付款 [Latin, = before]

ante- /ˈænti/ prefix  forming nouns and adjectives meaning ‘before, preceding’ (ante-room 前厅 ; antenatal 出生前的 ; ante-post (赌注)下于赛马号码公布之前的) 构成名词和形容词，意为“在…之前，先，前” [Latin ante (prep. & adv.), = before]

anteater /ˈænti:tə/ n.  a mammal that feeds on ants and termites, esp. one of the edentate family Myrmecophagidae, with a long snout and sticky tongue 食蚁兽(贫齿目)

ante-bellum /æntiˈbeləm/ attrib. adj.  occurring or existing before a particular war, esp. the US Civil War 发生或存在于战争(尤指美国内战)之前的 [Latin, from ante ‘before’ + bellum ‘war’]

antecedent /æntiˈsi:d(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a preceding thing or circumstance 先前的事情(或情况) 2 Gram.  a word, phrase, clause, or sentence, to which another word (esp. a relative pronoun, usu. following) refers 【语法】先行词(或短语、从句、句子) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  past history, esp. of a person (尤指个人的)经历，履历 4 Logic  the statement contained in the ‘if’ clause of a conditional proposition 【逻辑学】前件，前项(条件命题的“假设”从句中包含的陈述部分) ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  previous 前面的，先前的 2  presumptive, a priori 假定的；先验的 □ antecedence  n.  □ antecedently  adv.   [Middle English, from French antécédent or Latin antecedere (as ANTE-, cedere ‘go’)]

antechamber /ˈæntitʃeimbə/ n.  a small room leading to a main one 前堂，前厅 [earlier anti-: French antichambre from Italian anticamera (as ANTE-, CHAMBER)]

antechapel /ˈæntiˌtʃæp(ə)l/ n.  the outer part at the west end of a college chapel (大学教堂西端外侧的)门厅

antedate v. & n. ●v. tr. /æntiˈdeit, ˈæntideit/  1  exist or occur at a date earlier than 存在(或发生)于…之前，早于，先于 2  assign an earlier date to (a document, event, etc.), esp. one earlier than its actual date 把(文件、活动等的日期)提到实际日期之前 ●n. /ˈæntideit/  a date earlier than the actual one 早于实际发生的日期

antediluvian /ˌæntidiˈlu:viən/ adj.  1  of or belonging to the time before the biblical Flood (《圣经》中记载的)大洪水之前的 2 colloq.  very old or out of date [口]很早以前的，老掉牙的；陈旧过时的 [ANTE- + Latin diluvium DELUGE + -AN]

antelope /ˈæntiləʊp/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or antelopes)  1  a deerlike ruminant of the family Bovidae, mainly found in Africa, typically tall, slender, graceful, and swift-moving with smooth hair and upward-pointing horns, e.g. gazelles, gnus, kudus, and impala 羚羊牛科，主要产于非洲 2  leather made from the skin of any of these 羚羊皮革 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = PRONGHORN  [Middle English via Old French antelop or medieval Latin ant(h)alopus from late Greek antholops, of unknown origin]

antenatal /æntiˈneit(ə)l/ adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  existing or occurring before birth 出生前(存在或发生)的 2  relating to the period of pregnancy 怀孕期间的，妊娠的

antenna /ænˈtenə/ n.  1 (pl. antennae /-ni:/) Zool.  each of a pair of mobile appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans, etc., sensitive to touch and taste; a feeler 【动】触须；触角 2 (pl. antennas)  = AERIALn.  □ antennal  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ antennary  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Latin, = yard (of a ship), used in pl. to translate Greek keraioi ‘horns’ of insects]

antenuptial /æntiˈnʌpʃ(ə)l/ adj. esp. Brit.  existing or occurring before marriage [尤英]结婚前(存在或发生)的 [Late Latin antenuptialis (as ANTE-, NUPTIAL)]

antenuptial contract n. S. Afr.  a contract between two persons intending to marry each other, setting out the terms and conditions of their marriage [南非]婚前协定

antepenult /ˌæntipiˈnʌlt/ n.  the last syllable but two in a word (单词的)倒数第 3 个音节 [abbreviation of Late Latin antepaenultimus (as ANTE-, paenultimus PENULT)]

antepenultimate /ˌæntipiˈnʌltimət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  last but two 倒数第三的 ●n.  anything that is last but two 倒数第三的东西

ante-post /æntiˈpəʊst/ adj. Brit. (of betting) done at odds determined at the time of betting, in advance of the event concerned [英] (赌博)在事件发生前下赌注的 [ANTE- + POST1]

anterior /ænˈtiəriə/ adj.  1  nearer the front 前面的，靠近前沿的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  earlier, prior 先前的，先行的 □ anteriority  /-riˈɒriti/ n.  □ anteriorly  adv.   [French antérieur or Latin anterior, from ante ‘before’]

ante-room /ˈæntiru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a small room leading to a main one 前厅，前堂 2 Mil.  a sitting room in an officers' mess 【军】军官食堂的前厅(休息室)

Anthea /ˈænθiə/   安西娅 [人名]

antheap /ˈænthi:p/ n.  = ANTHILL 

anthelion /æntˈhi:liən, ænˈθi:l-/ n. (pl. anthelia /-liə/)  a luminous halo projected on a cloud or fog bank opposite to the sun (与太阳相对方向的投射在云团或雾团上的)幻日，反日 [Greek, neut. of anthēlios ‘opposite to the sun’ (as ANTI-, hēlios ‘sun’)]

anthelmintic /ænθ(ə)lˈmintik/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 anthelminthic /-θik/) ●n.  any drug or agent used to destroy parasitic, esp. intestinal, worms, e.g. tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes 打寄生虫(尤肠虫)药 ●adj.  having the power to eliminate or destroy parasitic worms 驱除寄生虫的，驱虫的 [ANTI- + Greek helmins helminthos ‘worm’]

anthem /ˈænθəm/ n.  1  an elaborate choral composition usu. based on a passage of scripture for church use (通常指用于教堂的为圣经的一节谱写的)圣歌 2  a  a solemn hymn of praise etc. esp. (尤) = NATIONAL ANTHEM 颂歌，赞歌b  a popular song that is identified with a person, group, etc. (代表某人或某团体等的)流行歌曲  rock anthem  摇滚歌曲 3  a composition sung antiphonally (轮唱的)赞美诗 [Old English antefn, antifne from Late Latin antiphona ANTIPHON]

anthemion /ænˈθi:miən/ n. (pl. anthemia /-miə/)  a flower-like ornament used in art (艺术作品的)花状饰纹，叶丛状饰纹 [Greek, = flower]

anther /ˈænθə/ n. Bot.  the apical portion of a stamen containing pollen 【植】(雄蕊的)花粉囊 □ antheral  adj.   [French anthère or modern Latin anthera, in Latin ‘medicine extracted from flowers’, from Greek anthēra ‘flowery’, fem. adj. from anthos ‘flower’]

antheridium /ænθəˈridiəm/ n. (pl. antheridia /-diə/) Bot.  the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, etc. 【植】(藻类、苔藓、蕨类等的)精子囊，雄器 [modern Latin from anthera (as ANTHER) + Greek -idion diminutive suffix]

anthill /ˈænthil/ n.  1  a moundlike nest built by ants or termites (白)蚁丘，蚁穴，蚁塔 2  a community teeming with people 人群密集的地方

anthologize /ænˈθɒlədʒaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  compile or include in an anthology 编纂；把…收入选集

anthology /ænˈθɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a published collection of passages from literature (esp. poems), songs, reproductions of paintings, etc. 诗选；文选；歌曲集；画集 □ anthologist  n.   [French anthologie or medieval Latin from Greek anthologia, from anthos ‘flower’ + -logia ‘collection’ from legō ‘gather’]

Anthony /ˈæntəni/   安东尼 [人名]

anthozoan /ænθəˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a sessile marine coelenterate of the class Anthozoa which includes sea anemones and corals 珊瑚虫(包括海葵、珊瑚等) ●adj.  of or relating to this class 珊瑚虫的 [modern Latin Anthozoa, from Greek anthos ‘flower’ + zōia ‘animals’]

anthracene /ˈænθrəsi:n/ n.  a colourless crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by the distillation of crude oils and used in the manufacture of chemicals (从原油中提炼，用于化学制剂的)蒽 [Greek anthrax -akos ‘coal’ + -ENE]

anthracite /ˈænθrəsait/ n.  coal of a hard variety containing relatively pure carbon and burning with little flame and smoke 无烟煤 □ anthracitic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.   [Greek anthrakitis a kind of coal (as ANTHRACENE)]

anthracnose /ænˈθræknəʊs/ n.  a fungal disease of plants causing dark lesions (真菌引起的植物)炭疽病 [French from Greek anthrak- anthrax ‘coal’ + nosos ‘disease’]

anthrax /ˈænθræks/ n.  a fatal bacterial disease of sheep and cattle, transmissible to humans, usu. affecting the skin and lungs (牛、羊等的可传染人的、通常感染皮肤和肺的)炭疽；炭疽脓疱 [Late Latin from Greek, = carbuncle (the earliest sense in English)]

anthropic principle /ænˈθrɒpik/ n.  the cosmological principle that theories of the origin of the universe are constrained by the necessity to allow individual human existence (认为宇宙的起源是适应人类生存需要的)唯人宇宙论 [Greek anthrōpikos, from anthrōpos ‘human being’]

anthropo- /ˈænθrəpəʊ/ comb. form  human, humankind [构词成分]人，人类 [Greek anthrōpos ‘human being’]

anthropocentric /ænθrəpəˈsentrik/ adj.  regarding humankind as the centre of existence 以人类为中心的，人类中心说的 □ anthropocentrically  adv.  □ anthropocentrism  n.  

anthropogenesis /ænθrəpəˈdʒenisis/ n.  = ANTHROPOGENY 

anthropogenic /ænθrəpəˈdʒenik/ adj.  1  relating to anthropogeny 人类起源论的 2 Ecol.  originating in human activity 【态】人为的，人类活动产生的

anthropogeny /ænθrəˈpɒdʒini/ n.  the study of the origin of man 人类起源论

anthropoid /ˈænθrəpɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  resembling a human being in form, esp. (of an ape) tailless and often bipedal 似人类的，类人的(尤指无尾猿，往往可以直立行走等) 2  of or relating to the primate suborder Anthropoidea, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans colloq. (of a person) apelike 类人猿的；类人亚目的(包括猴子、猿和人类)；[口] (人)像猿猴的 ●n.  a being that is human in form only, esp. an anthropoid ape 类人动物；类人猿 [Greek anthrōpoeidēs (as ANTHROPO-, -OID)]

anthropology /ænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of humankind, esp. of its societies and customs 人类学(尤指对人类社会和风俗的研究) 2  the study of the structure and evolution of humans as animals 人类(作为一种动物的)进化学 □ anthropological  /-pəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ anthropologist  n.  

anthropometry /ænθrəˈpɒmitri/ n.  the scientific study of the measurements of the human body 人体测量学 □ anthropometric  /-pəˈmetrik/ adj.  

anthropomorphic /ænθrəpəˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  of or characterized by anthropomorphism 被赋予人形(或人性)的，拟人的 □ anthropomorphically  adv.   [as ANTHROPOMORPHOUS + -IC]

anthropomorphism /ænθrəpəˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  the attribution of a human form or personality to a god, animal, or thing (赋予神、动物或物体以人形或人性的)拟人观，拟人论 □ anthropomorphize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

anthropomorphous /ænθrəpəˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.  human in form 人形的，具人形的 [Greek anthrōpomorphos (as ANTHROPO-, morphē ‘form’)]

anthropophagy /ænθrəˈpɒfədʒi/ n.  the eating of human flesh; cannibalism 食人，食人肉；嗜食同类 □ anthropophagous  /-ɡəs/ adj.   [Greek anthrōpophagia (as ANTHROPO-, phagō ‘eat’)]

anthroposophy /ænθrəˈpɒsəfi/ n.  1  the knowledge of the nature of humans; human wisdom 关于人类本性的知识；人类智慧 2  a movement inaugurated by Rudolf Steiner to develop the faculty of cognition and the realization of spiritual reality 人智学(鲁道夫·斯坦纳提出的发展人类认知能力和实现精神世界的学说) [ANTHROPO- + Greek sophos ‘wise’]

anti /ˈænti/ prep. & n. ●prep. (also absol. [亦含宾])  opposed to 逆，反  is anti everything  反对一切 seems to be rather anti  似乎十分逆反 ●n. (pl. antis)  a person opposed to a particular policy etc. 反对(某项政策等)的人 [ANTI-]

anti- /ˈænti/ prefix (also ant- before a vowel or h 在元音或 h 前亦作 ant-) forming nouns and adjectives meaning 构成名词或形容词，意为 :  1  opposed to; against (antivivisectionism 反对活体解剖) 反…，反对 2  preventing (antiscorbutic 抗坏血病) 防…，抗… 3  the opposite of (anticlimax 突降，反高潮) 逆，反… 4  rival (antipope 反教皇) 对抗 5  unlike the conventional form (anti-hero 叛逆英雄 ; anti-novel 另类小说) 另类，非传统的 6 Physics  the antiparticle of a specified particle (antineutrino 反中微子 ; antiproton 反质子) 【物理学】反粒子，反物质 [from or influenced by Greek anti- ‘against’]

anti-abortion /ˌæntiəˈbɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ attrib. adj.  opposing abortion 反人工流产的 □ anti-abortionist  n.  

anti-aircraft /æntiˈɛəkrɑ:ft/ attrib. adj. (of a gun, missile, etc.) used to attack enemy aircraft (炮、导弹等)防空的

anti-apartheid /ˌæntiəˈpɑ:teit, -tait/ attrib. adj.  opposed to the policy or system of apartheid 反种族隔离的

antibacterial /ˌæntibækˈtiəriəl/ adj.  active against bacteria 抗菌的

antibiosis /ˌæntibaiˈəʊsis/ n.  an antagonistic association between two organisms (esp. micro-organisms), in which one is adversely affected (cf. 参见 SYMBIOSIS) (两种有机物、尤其微生有机物之间一种受损的)抗生(作用)，抗菌(作用) [French antibiose (as ANTI-, SYMBIOSIS)]

antibiotic /ˌæntibaiˈɒtik/ n. & adj. Pharm. 【药】  ●n.  any of various substances (e.g. penicillin) produced by micro-organisms or made synthetically, that can inhibit or destroy susceptible micro-organisms 抗生素(如青霉素) ●adj.  functioning as an antibiotic 抗生素的；有抗生素作用的 [French antibiotique (as ANTI-, Greek biōtikos ‘fit for life’ from bios ‘life’)]

antibody /ˈæntibɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of a class of blood proteins (immunoglobulins) produced in response to and counteracting antigens 抗体 [translation of German Antikörper (as ANTI-, Körper ‘body’)]

antic /ˈæntik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  absurd or foolish behaviour 古怪或愚蠢的行为 2  an absurd or silly action 滑稽动作 ●adj. archaic  grotesque, bizarre [古义]古怪的，滑稽的，可笑的 [Italian antico ANTIQUE, used to mean ‘grotesque’]

anticathode /æntiˈkæθəʊd/ n.  the target (or anode) of an X-ray tube on which the electrons from the cathode impinge and from which X-rays are emitted (X 射线管中受射线撞击并发出 X 射线的)对阴极，阳极

Antichrist /ˈæntikraist/ n.  1  an arch-enemy of Christ 基督的大敌 2  a postulated personal opponent of Christ expected by the early Church to appear before the end of the world (早期基督教会假想将在世界末日出现的)基督的对手；反对基督者 [Middle English from Old French antecrist from ecclesiastical Latin antichristus from Greek antikhristos (as ANTI-, Khristos CHRIST)]

antichristian /æntiˈkristʃ(ə)n, -tiən/ adj.  1  opposed to Christianity 反基督教的 2  concerning the Antichrist 反基督者的，基督之敌的

anticipate /ænˈtisipeit/ v. tr.  1  be aware of (a thing) in advance and act accordingly; forestall (an action) 预料到并采取相应行动  anticipated his opponent's moves  预料到对手的招数 anticipated the hard winter ahead  预料到前面的严冬 anticipates my every need  事先想到了我的每一个需求 2 disp.  expect, foresee; regard as probable [异议]期望，预见，认为多半可能  did not anticipate any difficulty  没有预见到任何困难 3  take action before (another person); forestall 早于(别人)采取行动；先下手，抢先一步  was about to announce the discovery but was anticipated by his pupil  正要公开这一新发现，却被自己的学生抢先一步 4  look forward to 期待，期盼  I anticipated the interview with pleasure  我愉快地期待着这次会见 5  cause (a future event) to happen earlier; accelerate 使(将要发生的事情)提前发生；加速 □ anticipative  adj.  □ anticipator  n.  □ anticipatory  adj.   [Latin anticipare (as ANTE- + -cipare from capere ‘take’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of anticipate in sense 2 above is well established in informal use, but is regarded as incorrect by some people. 上述 anticipate 一词的释义 2 常用于非正式场合，但有人认为不规范。 

anticipation /æntisiˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of anticipating 预料；预期；期盼 2 Mus.  the introduction beforehand of part of a chord which is about to follow 【音】(和弦的)先行音符(通常为和弦的一部分) [French anticipation or Latin anticipatio (as ANTICIPATE)]

anticlerical /æntiˈklerik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  opposed to the influence of the clergy, esp. in politics (尤指政治上)反对教权的 ●n.  an anticlerical person 反对教权的人 □ anticlericalism  n.  

anticlimax /æntiˈklaimæks/ n.  a trivial conclusion to something significant or impressive, esp. where a climax was expected (尤指在理当出现高潮处)平庸结尾；虎头蛇尾；反高潮 □ anticlimactic  /-ˈmæktik/ adj.  □ anticlimactically  /-ˈmæktik(ə)li/ adv.  

anticline /ˈæntiklain/ n. Geol.  a ridge or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope down from the crest (opp. 反义 SYNCLINE) 【地质】背斜(褶皱构造中岩层向上隆起的部分) □ anticlinal  /-ˈklain(ə)l/ adj.   [ANTI- + Greek klinō ‘lean’, on the pattern of INCLINE]

anticlockwise /æntiˈklɒkwaiz/ adv. & adj. Brit. [英] ●adv.  in a curve opposite in direction to the movement of the hands of a clock 逆时针地 ●adj.  moving anticlockwise 逆时针(运动)的

anticoagulant /ˌæntikəʊˈæɡjʊl(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any drug or agent that retards or inhibits coagulation, esp. of the blood 抗凝剂(尤指抗凝血剂) ●adj.  retarding or inhibiting coagulation 抗凝的

anticodon /æntiˈkəʊdɒn/ n. Biochem.  a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA 【生化】(对应于遗传基因互密码子补码的)反密码子

anti-communist /æntiˈkɒmjʊnist/ adj.  against communism or communists 反共产主义(者)的

anticonstitutional /ˌæntikɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  violating a political constitution 违反政纲的；(违)反宪法的

anticonvulsant /ˌæntikənˈvʌls(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any drug or agent that prevents or reduces the severity of convulsions, esp. epileptic fits 抗痉挛药，抗惊厥剂 ●adj.  preventing or reducing convulsions 抗痉挛的，抗惊厥的

anticyclone /æntiˈsaikləʊn/ n.  a system of winds rotating outwards from an area of high barometric pressure, producing fine weather 反气旋，高气压 □ anticyclonic  /-ˈklɒnik/ adj.  

antidepressant /ˌæntidiˈpres(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any drug or agent that alleviates depression 抗抑郁药剂 ●adj.  alleviating depression 抗抑郁的

antidiuretic hormone /ˌæntidaijʊˈretik/ n.  = VASOPRESSIN  [ANTI- + DIURETIC]

antidote /ˈæntidəʊt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, against)  1  a medicine etc. taken or given to counteract poison 解毒剂，解药 2  anything that counteracts something unpleasant or evil 矫正法；避邪物；良方  antidote to jet lag  克服时差反应的良方 □ antidotal  adj.   [French antidote or Latin antidotum from Greek antidoton, neut. of antidotos ‘given against’ (as ANTI- + stem of didonai ‘give’)]

anti-establishment /ˌæntiiˈstæbliʃm(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 anti-Establishment)  against the Establishment or established authority 反正统(派)的；反对既定权威机构的

antifreeze /ˈæntifri:z/ n.  a substance (usu. ethylene glycol) added to water to lower its freezing point, esp. in the radiator of a motor vehicle (尤指汽车散热器中的)阻冻剂，防冻剂

anti-g /æntiˈdʒi:/ adj. (of clothing for an astronaut etc.) designed to counteract the effects of high acceleration (宇航员等的服装)反重力的，反引力的；抗超重的 [ANTI- + g (symbol for acceleration due to gravity)]

antigen /ˈæntidʒ(ə)n/ n.  a foreign substance (e.g. a toxin) which induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies 抗原(尤指产生抗体的一种异质，如毒素) □ antigenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [German (as ANTIBODY, -GEN)]

anti-government /æntiˈɡʌv(ə)nm(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 anti-Government)  against a government or the ministry in office 反对政府或政府部门的

anti-gravity /æntiˈɡræviti/ n. & adj. ●n. Physics  a hypothetical force opposing gravity 【物理学】反重力的，反引力的，抗重力的 ●adj.  = ANTI-G 

Antigua /ænˈti:gə/ n.  安提瓜岛 [北美洲]

Antigua and Barbuda   安提瓜和巴布达

Antiguan /ænˈti:gən/ adj. & n.  安提瓜岛的(人)

anti-hero /ˈæntiˌhiərəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  a central character in a story or drama who noticeably lacks conventional heroic attributes (小说或戏剧中)非正统派主角的，反英雄的

antihistamine /æntiˈhistəmin, -mi:n/ n.  a substance that counteracts the effects of histamine, used esp. in the treatment of allergies 抗组胺剂(尤用于治疗过敏)

anti-inflammatory /ˌæntiinˈflæmət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a drug etc.) reducing inflammation (药物等)消炎的，抗炎症的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  an anti-inflammatory drug 消炎药

antiknock /ˈæntinɒk/ n.  a substance added to motor fuel to prevent premature combustion (加于内燃机燃料中以防止早燃的)抗震剂，抗爆剂

anti-lock /ˈæntilɒk/ attrib. adj. (of brakes) set up so as to prevent locking and skidding if applied suddenly (刹车装置)防急刹车抱死的

antilog /ˈæntilɒɡ/ n.  = ANTILOGARITHM  [abbreviation]

antilogarithm /æntiˈlɒɡərið(ə)m/ n.  the number to which a logarithm belongs 反对数，逆对数  100 is the common antilogarithm of 2  100 是 2 的常用逆对数

antilogy /ænˈtilədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a contradiction in terms (措词、术语等的)自相矛盾，前后矛盾 [French antilogie from Greek antilogia (as ANTI-, -LOGY)]

antimacassar /ˌæntiməˈkæsə/ n.  a covering put over furniture, esp. over the back of a chair, as a protection from grease in the hair or as an ornament (家具的)覆盖物(尤指椅子背上的罩) [ANTI- + MACASSAR]

antimatter /ˈæntiˌmætə/ n. Physics  matter composed solely of antiparticles 【物理学】反物质

antimetabolite /ˌæntimiˈtæbəlait/ n. Pharm.  a drug that interferes with the normal metabolic processes within cells, usu. by combining with enzymes 【药】抗代谢物，抗代谢药剂

antimony /ˈæntiməni/ n. Chem.  a brittle silvery-white metallic element used esp. in alloys with lead (symbol 符 Sb) 【化】(化学元素)锑 □ antimonial  /-ˈməʊniəl/ adj.  □ antimonic  /-ˈmɒnik/ adj.  □ antimonious  /-ˈməʊniəs/ adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin antimonium (11th c.), of unknown origin]

antinode /ˈæntinəʊd/ n. Physics  the position of maximum displacement in a standing wave system 【物理学】波腹，腹点，对交点

antinomian /æntiˈnəʊmiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the view that Christians are released from the obligation of observing the moral law (基督教)反律法主义的；主张废弃道德准则的 ●n. (作 Antinomian) hist.  a person who holds this view [史义]反律法主义者；主张废弃道德准则的人 □ antinomianism  n.   [medieval Latin Antinomi, name of a sect in Germany (1535) alleged to hold this view (as ANTI-, Greek nomos ‘law’)]

antinomy /ænˈtinəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a contradiction between two beliefs or conclusions that are in themselves reasonable; a paradox 二律相悖，二律背反(指两种本身合理的观点或结论之间的矛盾)；悖论 2  a conflict between two laws or authorities (两种法律或权力之间的)冲突，对立，抵触 [Latin antinomia from Greek (as ANTI-, nomos ‘law’)]

antinovel /ˈæntiˌnɒv(ə)l/ n.  a novel in which the conventions of the form are studiously avoided 反小说(有意违背小说常规形式的小说)

anti-nuclear /æntiˈnju:kliə/ adj.  opposed to the development of nuclear weapons or nuclear power 反对发展核武器的；反对核能的

antioxidant /æntiˈɒksid(ə)nt/ n.  1 Chem.  an agent that inhibits oxidation, esp. used to counteract deterioration of stored food products 【化】抗氧化剂(尤指食物防腐剂) 2 Biol.  a substance (e.g. vitamin C or E) that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism 【生】防老化剂(将有潜在危害的氧化物排出有机体外的药物，如维生素 C 、 E 等)

antiparticle /ˈæntiˌpɑ:tik(ə)l/ n. Physics  a subatomic particle having the same mass as a given particle but opposite electric or magnetic properties 【物理学】反粒子

antipasto /æntiˈpɑ:stəʊ/ n. (pl. antipasti /-ti/)  an hors d'oeuvre, esp. in an Italian meal (尤指意大利餐的)餐前小吃；开胃食品 [Italian (as ANTE- + Latin pastus ‘food’)]

antipathetic /ˌæntipəˈθetik/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  having a strong aversion or natural opposition 讨厌的，嫌恶的；本性上不相容的 □ antipathetical  adj.  □ antipathetically  adv.   [as ANTIPATHY, on the pattern of PATHETIC]

antipathic /æntiˈpæθik/ adj.  of a contrary nature or character 天性上不相容的；反感的

antipathy /ænˈtipəθi/ n. (pl. -ies) (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, between)  a strong or deep-seated aversion or dislike 憎恶，厌恶；反感 [French antipathie or Latin antipathia from Greek antipatheia, from antipathēs ‘opposed in feeling’ (as ANTI-, pathos -eos ‘feeling’)]

anti-personnel /ˌæntipɜ:səˈnel/ attrib. adj. (of a bomb, mine, etc.) designed to kill or injure people rather than to damage buildings or equipment (炸弹、地雷等)杀伤性的，杀伤人的(而不是毁坏建筑物或设备)

antiperspirant /æntiˈpɜ:spirənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance applied to the skin to prevent or reduce perspiration (涂抹于皮肤上的)止汗药，防汗药 ●adj.  that acts as an antiperspirant 止汗的，防汗的

antiphon /ˈæntif(ə)n/ n.  1  a hymn or psalm, the parts of which are sung or recited alternately by two groups 交互轮唱的颂歌(或诗篇) 2  a versicle or phrase from this 颂歌的诗句(或短语) 3  a sentence sung or recited before or after a psalm or canticle 圣歌之前(或之后)的短歌或颂辞 4  a response 应答；回应 [ecclesiastical Latin antiphona from Greek (as ANTI-, phōnē ‘sound’)]

antiphonal /ænˈtifən(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sung or recited alternately by two groups (两组)轮流吟唱的 2  responsive, answering 应答的，反应的 ●n.  a collection of antiphons 轮唱(赞美)诗歌集 □ antiphonally  adv.  

antiphonary /ænˈtif(ə)nəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a book of antiphons 轮流吟唱诗歌集 [ecclesiastical Latin antiphonarium (as ANTIPHON)]

antiphony /ænˈtif(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  antiphonal singing or chanting 轮流吟唱 2  a response or echo 应答，回应

antipode /ˈæntipəʊd/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  the exact opposite 正好相反，恰恰相对 [back-formation from ANTIPODES]

antipodes /ænˈtipədi:z/ n. pl.  1  a (also 亦作 Antipodes)  a place diametrically opposite to another, esp. Australasia as the region on the opposite side of the earth to Europe 相对极，相对点(尤指与欧洲地理位置相对的澳大利亚和新西兰附近地区)b  places diametrically opposite to each other 直接相对的两地 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  the exact opposite 正好相对，恰好相反 □ antipodal  adj.  □ antipodean  /-ˈdi:ən/ adj. & n.   [French or Late Latin, from Greek antipodes ‘having the feet opposite’ (as ANTI-, pous podos ‘foot’)]

antipope /ˈæntipəʊp/ n.  a person set up as pope in opposition to one (held by others to be) canonically chosen 僭称罗马教皇，伪教皇 [French antipape from medieval Latin antipapa, assimilated to POPE1]

antiproton /æntiˈprəʊtɒn/ n. Physics  the negatively charged antiparticle of a proton 【物理学】反质子

antipruritic /ˌæntiprʊəˈritik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving itching 止痒的 ●n.  an antipruritic drug or agent 止痒药 [ANTI- + PRURITUS + -IC]

antipyretic /ˌæntipaiˈretik, -pi-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preventing or reducing fever 退热的，退烧的 ●n.  an antipyretic drug or agent 退烧药

antiquarian /æntiˈkwɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or dealing in antiques or rare books 古文物的，古董的；古旧(珍本)书籍的 2  of the study of antiquities 古文物研究的 ●n.  an antiquary 古文物研究者；古董收藏者 □ antiquarianism  n.   [see ANTIQUARY]

antiquary /ˈæntikwəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a student or collector of antiques or antiquities 古文物研究者；古董收藏者 [Latin antiquarius from antiquus ‘ancient’]

antiquated /ˈæntikweitid/ adj.  old-fashioned; out of date 陈旧的，老式的；过时的 [ecclesiastical Latin antiquare antiquat- ‘make old’]

antique /ænˈti:k/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  an object of considerable age, esp. an item of furniture or the decorative arts having a high value 古董，文物 ●adj.  1  of or existing from an early date 古旧的，自古就存在的 2  old-fashioned, archaic 陈旧的，过时的 3  of ancient times 远古的，古时候的 ●v. tr. (antiques, antiqued, antiquing)  give an antique appearance to (furniture etc.) by artificial means 通过人工手段使(家具等)显得古旧 [French antique or Latin antiquus, anticus ‘former, ancient’, from ante ‘before’]

antiquity /ænˈtikwiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ancient times, esp. the period before the Middle Ages 古代(尤指中世纪以前) 2  great age 古老的，经久的  a city of great antiquity  古老的城市 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  physical remains or relics from ancient times, esp. buildings and works of art 古迹，古代遗物(尤指建筑物和艺术作品) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  customs, events, etc., of ancient times 古老习俗；古代事件 5  the people of ancient times regarded collectively 古人(总称) [Middle English via Old French antiquité from Latin antiquitas -tatis, from antiquus: see ANTIQUE]

anti-racism /æntiˈreisiz(ə)m/ n.  the policy or practice of opposing racism and promoting racial tolerance 反对种族主义，反对种族偏见 □ anti-racist  n. & adj.  

antirrhinum /æntiˈrainəm/ n.  a plant of the genus Antirrhinum (figwort family), with tubular two-lipped flowers, esp. the snapdragon (玄参科)金鱼草属植物 [Latin from Greek antirrhinon, from anti ‘counterfeiting’ + rhis rhinos ‘nose’ (from the resemblance of the flower to an animal's snout)]

antiscorbutic /ˌæntiskɔ:ˈbju:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preventing or curing scurvy 抗坏血病的 ●n.  an antiscorbutic agent or drug 抗坏血病药剂

anti-Semite /æntiˈsi:mait, -ˈsemait/ n.  a person hostile to or prejudiced against Jews 反犹太人的人，歧视犹太人的人 □ anti-Semitic  /-siˈmitik/ adj.  □ anti-Semitism  /-ˈsemitiz(ə)m/ n.  

antisepsis /æntiˈsepsis/ n.  the process of using antiseptics to eliminate undesirable micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cause disease 抗菌(法)，防腐(法) [modern Latin (as ANTI-, SEPSIS)]

antiseptic /æntiˈseptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  counteracting sepsis esp. by preventing the growth of disease-causing micro-organisms 抗菌的，防腐的 2  sterile or free from contamination 经过消毒的，无菌的；不受感染的 3  lacking character 缺乏个性的，无特征的 ●n.  an antiseptic agent 抗菌剂，防腐剂 □ antiseptically  adv.  

antiserum /ˈæntiˌsiərəm/ n. (pl. antisera /-rə/)  a blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against specific diseases 抗血清(指含有抗体用于防止某种疾病的血清)

antisocial /æntiˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  contrary to or harmful to the existing social order 反社会的；危害社会秩序的  antisocial behaviour  危害社会秩序的行为 2  not sociable 非社交的；不善社交的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at UNSOCIABLE. 见 UNSOCIABLE 的用法注释。 

antistatic /æntiˈstætik/ adj.  that counteracts the effects of static electricity 抗(防)静电的

antistrophe /ænˈtistrəfi/ n.  the second section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it (see 见 STROPHE 1c) (古希腊颂歌中的)第二节(或其一部份) [Late Latin from Greek antistrophē, from antistrephō ‘turn against’]

anti-tank /æntiˈtæŋk/ attrib. adj.  for use against tanks 反坦克(的)

antitetanus /æntiˈtetənəs/ adj.  effective against tetanus 抗破伤风的

antithesis /ænˈtiθəsis/ n. (pl. antitheses /-si:z/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 of, to)  the direct opposite 对立面，正相反的事物 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, between)  contrast or opposition between two things 对照，对立 3  a contrast of ideas expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted words (修辞上的)对比法，对偶 [Late Latin, from Greek antitithēmi ‘set against’ (as ANTI-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

antithetical /æntiˈθetik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 antithetic)  1  contrasted, opposite 对立的，对照的 2  connected with, containing, or using antithesis 有关对比法的；采用对比法的 □ antithetically  adv.   [Greek antithetikos (as ANTITHESIS)]

antitoxin /æntiˈtɒksin/ n.  an antibody that counteracts a toxin 抗毒素 □ antitoxic  adj.  

antitrades /æntiˈtreidz, ˈænti-/ n. pl.  winds that blow in the opposite direction to (and usu. above) a trade wind 反信风，反贸易风

antitrust /æntiˈtrʌst/ attrib. adj. US (of a law etc.) opposed to or controlling trusts or other monopolies (see 见 TRUST n. 8c) [美] (法律等)反托拉斯的

antitype /ˈæntitaip/ n.  1  that which is represented by a type or symbol (某种类型或符号所代表的)原型 2  a person or thing of the opposite type 人物(或事物)的对型，反式 □ antitypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek antitupos ‘corresponding as an impression to the die’ (as ANTI-, tupos ‘stamp’)]

antivenin /æntiˈvenin/ n. (also 亦作 antivenom /-ˈvenəm/)  an antiserum containing antibodies against specific poisons in the venom of snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc. 抗蛇(蝙蝠、蝎子等)毒素，抗蛇(蝙蝠、蝎子等)毒血清 [ANTI- + VENOM + -IN]

antiviral /æntiˈvaiər(ə)l/ adj.  effective against viruses 抗病毒的

antivivisectionism /ˌæntiˌviviˈsekʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  opposition to vivisection 反对活体解剖 □ antivivisectionist  n. & adj.  

antler /ˈæntlə/ n.  1  each of the branched horns of a stag or other (usu. male) deer (雄)鹿角，鹿茸 2  a branch of this 鹿角的枝杈 □ antlered  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, variant of Old French antoillier, of unknown origin]

ant-lion n.  a dragonfly-like neuropterous insect with predatory larvae which trap other insects in conical pits 蚁狮，蚁蛉幼虫

Antonia /ænˈtəunjə/   安东尼娅 [人名]

Antonine /ˈæntənain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Roman emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius or their rules (AD 137 － 80) 安东尼王朝的(指罗马皇帝安东尼·庇护和马库斯·奥里乌斯统治时期，即公元 137 至 180 年) ●n.  either of the Antonine emperors 安东尼王朝的皇帝

antonomasia /æntənəˈmeiziə/ n.  1  the substitution of an epithet or title etc. for a proper name (e.g. the Maid of Orleans for Joan of Arc, his Grace for an archbishop 如将圣女贞德称作“奥尔良少女”，将大主教称作“大人”) 换称，代称 2  the use of a proper name to express a general idea (e.g. a Scrooge for a miser 如将吝啬的人称作斯克鲁奇[英国作家狄更斯小说中的老吝啬鬼]) 用专有名词表示一般概念 [Latin, from Greek from antonomazō ‘name instead’ (as ANTI-, + onoma ‘name’)]

Antony /ˈæntəni/   安东尼 [人名]

antonym /ˈæntənim/ n.  a word opposite in meaning to another in the same language (e.g. bad and good 例如“坏”和“好”) (opp. 反义 SYNONYM 1) (同一语言中的)反义词 □ antonymous  /ænˈtɒniməs/ adj.   [French antonyme (as ANTI-, SYNONYM)]

antrum /ˈæntrəm/ n. (pl. antra /-trə/) Anat. 【解】  1  a natural chamber or cavity in the body, esp. in a bone (尤指骨骼的)窦，腔 2  the part of the stomach just inside the pylorus 幽门部分的胃 □ antral  adj.   [Latin, from Greek antron ‘cave’]

ant's eggs n. pl. colloq.  the pupae of ants [口]蚂蚁蛹

antsy /ˈæntsi/ adj. N. Amer. colloq.  agitated, impatient, fidgety [北美口]热锅上的蚂蚁般的，烦燥不安的 [from the phrase have ants in one's pants: see ANT]

Antwep /ˈæntwɜ:p/ n.  安特卫普 [比利时港市]

anuran /əˈnjʊər(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any tailless amphibian of the order Anura, including frogs and toads 无尾目动物(包括青蛙和蟾蜍) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 无尾目动物的 [modern Latin Anura (AN-1 + Greek oura ‘tail’)]

anus /ˈeinəs/ n. Anat.  the excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal 【解】肛门 [Latin]

anvil /ˈænvil/ n.  1  a block (usu. of iron) with a flat top, concave sides, and often a pointed end, on which metals are worked in forging 砧，铁砧 2 Anat.  a bone of the ear; the incus 【解】耳骨；砧骨 [Old English anfilte, from the Germanic base of ON prep. + a verbal stem meaning ‘beat’]

anxiety /æŋˈzaiəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being anxious 忧虑，挂念 2  concern about an imminent danger, difficulty, etc. 担心，焦急 3 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  anxious desire 渴望，热望 4  a thing that causes anxiety 使人焦虑的事物  my greatest anxiety is that I shall fall ill  我最担心的是我会病倒 5 Psychol.  a nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness 【心】焦虑症 [French anxieté or Latin anxietas -tatis (as ANXIOUS)]

anxiolytic /ˌæŋziəˈlitik/ n. & adj. Pharm. 【药】  ●n.  a drug reducing anxiety 缓解焦虑药物 ●adj.  reducing anxiety 缓解焦虑的 [ANXIETY + -LYTIC]

anxious /ˈæŋ(k)ʃəs/ adj.  1  troubled; uneasy in the mind 忧虑的，担心的；心中不安的 2  causing or marked by anxiety 使人担心的，引起忧虑的  an anxious moment  令人不安的时刻 3 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  earnestly or uneasily wanting or trying 急于想尝试的；急切的，渴望的  anxious to please  急于讨好 anxious for you to succeed  热盼你的成功 □ anxiously  adv.  □ anxiousness  n.   [Latin anxius from angere ‘choke’]

any /ˈeni/ det., pron. & adv. ●det.  1 (with interrog., neg., or conditional expressed or implied 用于疑问句、否定句或表示条件的句子)  a  one, no matter which, of several (若干个中的)一个，任何一个  cannot find any answer  找不到任何答案 are there any good films on?  有什么好电影在放映吗？b  some, no matter how much or many or of what sort 若干，一些；无论多少；无论何种  if any books arrive  如果有书寄来 have you any sugar?  你有糖吗？ 2  a minimal amount of 一点点的，丝毫的  hardly any difference  几乎没有一点儿区别 3  whichever might be chosen 任意一个，随便哪个  any fool knows that  任何傻子都知道那个 4  a  an appreciable or significant 很大程度的；相当可观的  did not stay for any length of time  片刻也没有停留b  a very large 很大数量的  has any amount of money  有的是钱 ●pron.  1  any one 任何一个人(或物)  did not know any of them  不认识他们中的任何人 is any of these films worth seeing?  这些电影有哪个值得一看吗？ 2  any number 任何数目  are any of them yours?  其中有没有属于你的？ 3  any amount 任意数量的，不论多少  is there any left?  还有任何剩余吗？ ●adv. (usu. with neg. or interrog. 常用于否定句或疑问句)  at all; in some degree 全然；某种程度  is that any good?  那有任何好处吗？ do not make it any larger  切勿再增大它 without being any the wiser  没有变得丝毫聪明些 □ any more   to any further extent; any longer 再，又  don't like you any more  不再喜欢你□ any time  colloq.  at any time [口]在任何时候□ any time (or day or minute etc.) now  colloq.  at any time in the near future [口] (在近期的)任何时候□ not having any  colloq.  unwilling to participate [口]不愿参与 [Old English nig, from Germanic (as ONE, -Y1)]■Usage 用法说明 The pronoun any can be used with either a singular or plural verb depending on the context (see examples above). any 作为代词用时，所跟动词可根据上下文采用单数或者复数形式(见上文例句)。 

anybody /ˈenibɒdi/ n. & pron.  1  a  a person, no matter who 任何人b  a person of any kind 任何一种人c  whatever person is chosen 随便哪个人 2  a person of importance 重要人物  are you anybody?  你是什么重要人物吗？ □ anybody's  (of a contest) evenly balanced (比赛的)平手，势均力敌  it was anybody's game  那是一场势均力敌的比赛□ anybody's guess   see 见 GUESS 

anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv.  1  anyway 不管怎样，无论如何 2  in a disorderly manner or state 杂乱无章地；随随便便地  does his work anyhow  草草敷衍他的工作 things are all anyhow  一切都是杂乱无章

anymore /eniˈmɔ:/ adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = any more (see 见 ANY) 

anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron.  anybody 任何人■Usage 用法说明 Anyone is written as two words to imply a numerical sense, as in Any one of us can do it. anyone 写成两个单词时，表示数量上的含义，如 Any one of us can do it (我们谁都会做这事)。 

anyplace /ˈenipleis/ adv. N. Amer. colloq.  anywhere [北美口]任何地方

any road adv. esp. N. Engl. [尤英格兰北部]  = ANYWAY 2, 3 

anything /ˈeniθiŋ/ pron.  1  a thing, no matter which 任何事物 2  a thing of any kind 无论何事物 3  whatever thing is chosen 随便那一件事物 □ anything but   not at all 一点不，全然不  was anything but honest  一点也不诚实□ like anything  colloq.  with great vigour, intensity, etc. [口]以全力地；拼命地

anytime /ˈenitaim/ adv. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  = any time (see 见 ANY) 

anyway /ˈeniwei/ adv.  1 (also 亦作 any way)  in any way or manner 不论以何种方式 2  at any rate; in any case 无论如何 3  to resume 总之，不管怎么说  anyway, as I was saying  总之，如我所说

anyways /ˈeniweiz/ adv. N. Amer. colloq. or dial. [北美口] [方]  = ANYWAY 

anywhere /ˈeniwɛə/ adv. & pron. ●adv.  in or to any place 不管在哪儿；不管去哪儿 ●pron.  any place 任何地方，随便哪个地方  anywhere will do  随便哪儿都可以

anywise /ˈeniwaiz/ adv. archaic  in any manner [古义]无论如何 [Old English on œˉnige wīsan ‘in any wise’]

Anzac /ˈænzæk/ n.  1  a soldier in the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (1914 － 18) (1914 至 1918 年间的)澳新军团士兵 2  a person, esp. a member of the armed services, from Australia or New Zealand 澳大利亚士兵；新西兰士兵 [acronym]

Anzac Day n. (in Australia and New Zealand) the day (25 April) commemorating the Anzac landing at Gallipoli in 1915 (澳大利亚和新西兰)澳新军团节 (4 月 25 日，纪念 1915 年澳大利亚与新西兰军团在加利波利登陆)

Anzus /ˈænzəs/ n. (also 亦作 ANZUS)  Australia, New Zealand, and the US, as an alliance for the Pacific area (太平洋地区的)澳大利亚、新西兰和美国联盟，澳新美联盟

AO abbr.  Officer of the Order of Australia [缩略]澳大利亚受(女王)册封官员

AOB abbr. Brit.  any other business [缩略] [英]其他任何经营活动

AOC abbr. appellation d'origine contrôlée [缩略]  (经核准的)原产地注册商标

A-OK abbr. N. Amer. colloq.  excellent; in good order [缩略] [北美口]很好，不错；一切顺利正常 [all systems OK]

aorist /ˈeiərist, ˈɛər-/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  an unqualified past tense of a verb (esp. in Greek), without reference to duration or completion (尤指希腊语)不定过去时 ●adj.  of or designating this tense 不定过去时的 □ aoristic  /eiəˈristik, ɛəˈr-/ adj.   [Greek aoristos ‘indefinite’ (as A-1 + horizō ‘define, limit’)]

aorta /eiˈɔ:tə/ n. (pl. aortas)  the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system, in humans passing over the heart from the left ventricle and running down in front of the backbone (身体的)主动脉 □ aortic  adj.   [Greek aortē, from a(e)irō ‘raise’]

ap-1 /əp, æp/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before p (在 p 前)AD- 的同化形式

ap-2 /əp, æp/ prefix  assim. form of APO- before a vowel or h (在元音或 h 前)APO- 的同化形式

apace /əˈpeis/ adv. literary  swiftly, quickly [文学用语]迅速地，快速地 [Old French ɑˋ pas ‘at (a considerable) pace’]

Apache n. & adj. ●n.  1 /əˈpætʃi/  a (pl. same 单复同 or Apaches)  a member of a N. American Indian people of New Mexico and Arizona 阿帕切人(北美印第安人的一个种族，分布于新墨西哥和亚利桑那州)b  the language of this people 阿帕切语 2 (作 apache /əˈpæʃ/) (pl. apaches pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a violent street ruffian, originally in Paris (指原巴黎的)街头恶棍，无赖 ●adj. /əˈpætʃi/  of or relating to the Apache or their langauge 阿帕切族人的；阿帕切语的 [Mexican Spanish]

apanage /ˈæp(ə)nidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 appanage)  1  provision for the maintenance of the younger children of kings etc. (封建国王赐给王子等的)封禄；封地 2  a perquisite 应得财产，应得权益 3  a natural accompaniment or attribute 附属物；天然属性 [French, ultimately from medieval Latin appanare ‘endow’]

apart /əˈpɑ:t/ adv.  1  separately; not together 分开；分离着，不在一起  keep your feet apart  保持你的双脚分开 2  into pieces 成零碎状  came apart in my hands  在我手里碎裂了 3  a  to or on one side 向一侧；在一边b  out of consideration 除外，除去 placed after noun 用于名词后 : joking apart  不开玩笑，说正经的 4  to or at a distance 相距；相间隔 □ apart from   1  excepting; not considering 除…以外；不考虑 2  in addition to 另外，除…之外还  apart from roses we grow irises  除玫瑰以外我们还种鸢尾花□ apartness  n.   [Middle English from Old French, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + part ‘side’]

apartheid /əˈpɑ:theit/ n.  1 (esp. in S. Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race (尤指南非的)种族隔离(或歧视) 2  segregation in other contexts 隔离，分隔 [Afrikaans (as APART, -HOOD)]

apartment /əˈpɑ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a suite of rooms, usu. furnished and rented (通常指有家具供出租的)一套房间 2  a single room in a house 一幢房子中的一间 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a flat 公寓b  = APARTMENT BUILDING  [French appartement from Italian appartamento, from appartare ‘to separate’ from a parte ‘apart’]

apartment building n. N. Amer.  a block of flats [北美]公寓大楼

apartment hotel n. N. Amer.  a hotel with furnished suites of rooms including kitchen facilities, available for long-term or short-term rental [北美] (房间设施齐全、包含有厨房设施、可供长期或短期租用的)公寓式旅馆

apartment house n. esp. US [尤美]  = APARTMENT BUILDING 

apathetic /æpəˈθetik/ adj.  having or showing no emotion or interest 缺乏感情的；缺乏兴趣的 □ apathetically  adv.   [APATHY, after PATHETIC]

apathy /ˈæpəθi/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 towards)  lack of interest or feeling; indifference 无感情；无动于衷；冷漠 [French apathie via Latin apathia from Greek apatheia, from apathēs ‘without feeling’ (as A-1 + pathos ‘suffering’)]

apatite /ˈæpətait/ n.  a mineral consisting of calcium phosphate with other elements, esp. fluorine, used in the manufacture of fertilizers 磷灰石(一种含有磷酸、钙及其他元素的矿石，用于制作肥料) [German Apatit from Greek apatē ‘deceit’ (from its deceptive similarity to other substances)]

apatosaurus /əpætəˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  a huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus Apatosaurus (formerly Brontosaurus), of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, with a long tail and trunklike legs Also called 亦称作 brontosaurus 雷龙(生活于侏罗纪和白垩纪的一种以植物为食的巨型恐龙，有长尾和粗壮的四肢) [modern Latin, from Greek apatē ‘deceit’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

APB n. US  an all points bulletin [美]详情通报 [abbreviation]

ape /eip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the various primates of the family Pongidae characterized by the absence of a tail, e.g. the gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, and gibbon 猿，类人猿(没有尾的大猩猩、黑猩猩、猩猩、长臂猿等) 2 (in general use) any monkey (泛指)猴 3  a  an imitator 模仿者b  an apelike person 长得像猿猴的人 ●v. tr.  imitate, mimic 模仿，学…的样 □ go ape  slang  become crazy [俚语]发狂，疯狂 [Old English apa, from Germanic]

apeman /ˈeipmən/ n. (pl. -men)  any of various extinct apelike primates held to be related to present-day humans 猿人

aperient /əˈpiəriənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  laxative 轻泻的，通便的 ●n.  a laxative medicine 轻泻剂，通便药 [Latin aperire aperient- ‘to open’]

aperiodic /ˌeipiəriˈɒdik/ adj.  1  not periodic; irregular 非周期性的；不定期的 2 Physics (of a potentially oscillating or vibrating system, e.g. an instrument with a pointer) that is adequately damped to prevent oscillation or vibration 【物理学】非周期的 3 (of an oscillation or vibration) without a regular period (振动等)非周期的 □ aperiodicity  /-riəˈdisiti/ n.  

aperitif /əˈperiti:f, əperiˈti:f/ n.  an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite (饭前饮用的)开胃酒 [French apéritif via medieval Latin aperitivus from Latin aperire ‘to open’]

aperture /ˈæpətjʊə, -tʃ(ʊ)ə/ n.  1  an opening; a gap 孔，缝隙；缺口 2  a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, esp. a variable opening by which light enters a camera (尤指照相机镜头的)孔径 [Latin apertura (as APERITIF)]

apery /ˈeipəri/ n.  pretentious or silly mimicry 装模作样；(拙劣)模仿

aperçu /æpɛəˈsju:/ n.  1  a summary or survey 摘要，概览 2  an insight 一瞥，一览；洞悉，见识 [French, past part. of apercevoir ‘perceive’]

apetalous /eiˈpet(ə)ləs, ə-/ adj. Bot. (of flowers) having no petals 【植】(花朵)无花瓣的 [modern Latin apetalus from Greek apetalos ‘leafless’, from a- ‘not’ + petalon ‘leaf’]

APEX /ˈeipeks/ abbr. (in the UK) Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer Staff [缩略] (英国)专业人员、高级主管、职员和电脑操作人员协会

Apex /ˈeipeks/ n. (also 亦作 APEX) (often 常作 attrib.)  a system of reduced fares for scheduled airline flights when paid for before a certain period in advance of departure 优惠价机票预订(对飞机起飞前一定时间内付费的定期航班的一套打折办法) [Advance Purchase Excursion]

apex /ˈeipeks/ n. (pl. apexes or apices /ˈeipisi:z/)  1  the highest point 顶点，至高点 2  a climax; a high point of achievement etc. 高潮；(成就等的)顶峰 3  the vertex of a triangle or cone (三角形或锥形的)顶角 4  a tip or pointed end 尖端，尖儿 [Latin, = peak, tip]

apfelstrudel /ˈæpf(ə)lʃtru:d(ə)l/ n.  an originally Austrian confection of flaky pastry filled with spiced apple 薄皮苹果卷(一种源于奥地利的甜点，含有蜜饯苹果馅) [German, from Apfel ‘apple’ + STRUDEL]

aphaeresis /əˈfiərisis/ n.  the omission of a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word as a morphological development (e.g. in the derivation of adder) (语形学上的)词首省略(例如 adder 一词的演化) [Late Latin, from Greek aphairesis (as APO-, haireō ‘take’)]

aphasia /əˈfeiziə/ n. Med.  the loss of ability to understand or express speech, owing to brain damage 【医】(因大脑损伤而导致的)失语症 □ aphasic  adj. & n.   [Greek, from aphatos ‘speechless’ (as A-1 + pha- ‘speak’)]

aphelion /æpˈhi:liən, əˈfi:liən/ n. (pl. aphelia /-liə/)  the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, etc., at which it is furthest from the sun (opp. 反义 PERIHELION) (symbol 符 Q) 远日点(行星、慧星等轨道上与太阳相距最远的点) [Graecized from modern Latin aphelium, from Greek aph' hēliou ‘from the sun’]

aphesis /ˈæfisis/ n.  the gradual loss of an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word (e.g. of e from esquire to form squire) 非重读词首音的脱落(例如 esquire 的 e 失去后变为 squire) □ aphetic  /əˈfetik/ adj.  □ aphetically  /əˈfetik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek, = letting go (as APO-, hiēmi ‘send’)]

aphid /ˈeifid/ n.  a small homopterous insect of the family Aphididae, feeding by sucking sap from leaves, stems, or roots of plants, e.g. a greenfly, a blackfly 蚜虫(一种靠吮吸植物叶子、主干或根部的汁液为食的同翅类小昆虫，如桃蚜、黑蝇等) [back-formation from aphides: see APHIS]

aphis /ˈeifis/ n. (pl. aphides /-di:z/)  an aphid, esp. of the genus Aphis which includes the greenfly 蚜属昆虫(尤指桃蚜) [modern Latin from Greek, perhaps a misreading (α ø aph for kop kor) of koris ‘bug’]

aphonia /eiˈfəʊniə, ə-/ n. (also 亦作 aphony /ˈæf(ə)ni/) Med.  the loss or absence of the voice through a disease of the larynx or mouth 【医】(由于喉或口疾病引起的)失音(症)，无发音能力 [modern Latin aphonia from Greek, from aphōnos ‘voiceless’ (as A-1 + phōnē ‘voice’)]

aphorism /ˈæfəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a short pithy maxim 格言，警句 2  a brief statement of a principle 箴言 □ aphorist  n.  □ aphoristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ aphoristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adv.  □ aphorize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French aphorisme or Late Latin from Greek aphorismos ‘definition’, from aphorizō (as APO-, horos ‘boundary’)]

aphrodisiac /æfrəˈdiziæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that arouses sexual desire 激发性欲的，催情的 ●n.  an aphrodisiac drug 春药，催情药 [Greek aphrodisiakos from aphrodisios, from Aphroditē, the name of the Greek goddess of love]

aphyllous /əˈfiləs/ adj. Bot. (of plants) having no leaves 【植】(植物)无叶的 [modern Latin from Greek aphullos (as A-1 + phullon ‘leaf’)]

Apia /æˈpiə,ˈæpiə/ n.  阿皮亚 [西萨摩亚首都]

apian /ˈeipiən/ adj.  of or relating to bees 蜜蜂的 [Latin apianus from apis ‘bee’]

apiary /ˈeipiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where bees are kept 养蜂场 □ apiarist  n.   [Latin apiarium from apis ‘bee’]

apical /ˈeipik(ə)l, ˈæp-/ adj.  of, at, or forming an apex 顶上的，顶点的 [Latin apex apicis: see APEX]

apices pl.  of APEX  

apiculture /ˈeipikʌltʃə/ n.  bee-keeping 养蜂(业) □ apicultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ apiculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃərist/ n.   [Latin apis ‘bee’, on the pattern of AGRICULTURE]

apiece /əˈpi:s/ adv.  for each one; severally 每个，每份；按单个计算地  had five pounds apiece  每个 5 磅 [A2 + PIECE]

apish /ˈeipiʃ/ adj.  1  of or like an ape 似猿猴的 2  silly; affected 愚蠢的；做作的 □ apishly  adv.  □ apishness  n.  

aplanat /ˈæplənæt/ n.  a reflecting or refracting surface made aplanatic by correction 消球差透镜 [German]

aplanatic /æpləˈnætik/ adj. (of a reflecting or refracting surface) free from spherical aberration (反射或折射表面)无球面像差的 [Greek aplanētos ‘free from error’ (as A-1 + planaō ‘wander’)]

aplasia /əˈpleiziə/ n. Med.  total or partial failure of development of an organ or tissue 【医】发育不全，成形不全 □ aplastic  /əˈplæstik/ adj.   [Greek (as A-1 + plasis ‘formation’)]

aplenty /əˈplenti/ adv.  in plenty 丰富地，大量地

aplomb /əˈplɒm/ n.  assurance; self-confidence 泰然自若；自信 [French, = perpendicularity, from ɑˋ plomb ‘according to a plummet’]

apnoea /æpˈni:ə/ n. (US [美] apnea) Med.  a temporary cessation of breathing 【医】呼吸暂停，窒息 [modern Latin from Greek apnoia, from apnous ‘breathless’]

apo- /ˈæpəʊ/ prefix  1  away from (apogee 远地点) 远，远离 2  separate (apocarpous 心皮离生的) 分，分离 [Greek apo ‘from, away, un-, quite’]

Apoc. abbr. [缩略]  1  Apocalypse (New Testament) 天启，启示(《圣经·新约》) 2  Apocrypha 

apocalypse /əˈpɒkəlips/ n.  1 (作 the Apocalypse)  = REVELATION 3  2  a revelation, esp. of the end of the world (尤指关于世界末日的)天启，启示 3  a grand or violent event resembling those described in the Apocalypse (类似天启中描述的)大动乱；大灾变 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Greek apokalupsis from apokaluptō ‘uncover, reveal’]

apocalyptic /əpɒkəˈliptik/ adj.  1  of or resembling the Apocalypse 启示录的；天启的 2  revelatory, prophetic 启示的，预言的 □ apocalyptically  adv.   [Greek apokaluptikos (as APOCALYPSE)]

apocarpous /æpəˈkɑ:pəs/ adj. Bot. (of ovaries) having distinct carpels not joined together (opp. 反义 SYNCARPOUS) 【植】(子房)心皮离生的 [APO- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

apochromat /ˈæpəkrəmæt/ n.  a lens or lens system that reduces spherical and chromatic aberrations 消球差与色差透镜 □ apochromatic  /-krəˈmætik/ adj.   [APO- + CHROMATIC]

apocope /əˈpɒkəpi/ n.  the omission of a letter or letters at the end of a word as a morphological development (e.g. in the derivation of curio) (词形态演变过程中的)词尾字母省略(如 curio 一词的演化) [Late Latin from Greek apokopē (as APO-, koptō ‘cut’)]

Apocr. abbr. [缩略]  Apocrypha 

apocrine /ˈæpəkrain, -krin/ adj. Biol. (of a multicellular gland, e.g. the mammary gland) releasing parts of its cells with its secretion 【生】(乳房等多细胞腺体)顶浆分泌的，顶泌的 [APO- + Greek krinō ‘sift’]

Apocrypha /əˈpɒkrifə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  biblical writings not forming part of the accepted canon. (《圣经》中的)次经，外传 2 (作 apocrypha)  writings or reports not considered genuine 真实性可疑的著作或(报告)，伪作 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin apocrypha (scripta) ‘hidden (writings)’ from Greek apokruphos, from apokruptō ‘hide away’]■Usage 用法说明 The Old Testament Apocrypha include those writings appearing in the Septuagint and Vulgate versions but not in the Hebrew Bible; they are accepted by the Roman Catholic Church as the ‘deuterocanonical’ books. 《圣经·旧约》中的次经包括七十子希腊文本和通俗拉丁文本中的那些篇章，但不包括希伯来文圣经中的内容；它们被罗马天主教视为“正统”经书。 

apocryphal /əˈpɒkrif(ə)l/ adj.  1  of doubtful authenticity (originally of some early Christian texts resembling those of the New Testament) 真实性可疑的(原指某些早期模仿《圣经·新约》的一些基督教故事) 2  invented, mythical 伪造的，杜撰的  an apocryphal story  一个虚构的故事 3  of or belonging to the Apocrypha 次经的；新约外传的

apodal /ˈæpəd(ə)l/ adj. Zool. 【动】  1  without (or with undeveloped) feet 无足的；足部不发达的 2 (of fish) without ventral fins (鱼)无腹鳍的 [obsolete apod ‘apodal creature’ from Greek apous ‘footless’ (as A-1 + pous podos ‘foot’)]

apodictic /æpəˈdiktik/ adj. (also 亦作 apodeictic /-ˈdaiktik/)  1  clearly established 无可置疑的，绝对成立的 2  of clear demonstration 明显表明的 [Latin apodicticus from Greek apodeiktikos (as APO-, deiknumi ‘show’)]

apodosis /əˈpɒdəsis/ n. (pl. apodoses /-ˌsi:z/)  the main (consequent) clause of a conditional sentence (e.g. I would agree in if you asked me I would agree) 结论句(条件句中表示结论的主句) (例如 if you asked me I would agree 句中的 I would agree 部分) [Late Latin, from Greek from apodidōmi ‘give back’ (as APO-, didōmi ‘give’)]

apogee /ˈæpədʒi:/ n.  1  the point in a body's orbit at which it is furthest from the earth (opp. 反义 PERIGEE) 远地点(物体轨道上与地球相距最远的点) 2  the most distant or highest point 最远点；最高点 □ apogean  /æpəˈdʒi:ən/ adj.   [French apogée or modern Latin apogaeum, from Greek apogeion ‘away from earth’ (as APO-, gē ‘earth’)]

apolitical /eipəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  not interested in or concerned with politics 对政治不感兴趣的；不关心政治的

Apollinaris /əpɒliˈnɛəris/ n.  an effervescent mineral water from Apollinarisburg 阿波利纳里斯矿泉水(一种德国产矿泉饮料) [Apollinarisburg in the Rhineland of Germany]

Apollonian /æpəˈləʊniən/ adj.  1  of or relating to Apollo, the Greek and Roman sun-god, patron of music and poetry 阿波罗神的，太阳神的 2  orderly, rational, self-disciplined 有秩序的；理性的；自我约束的 [Latin Apollonius from Greek Apollōnios]

apologetic /əpɒləˈdʒetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  regretfully acknowledging or excusing an offence or failure (对罪行或过失)道歉的，认错的；愧疚的 2  diffident 缺乏自信的，羞怯的 3  of reasoned defence or vindication 辩护的，辩解的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a reasoned defence, esp. of Christianity (尤指对基督教的)辩护 □ apologetically  adv.   [French apologétique via Late Latin apologeticus from Greek apologētikos, from apologeomai ‘speak in defence’]

apologia /æpəˈləʊdʒiə/ n.  a formal defence of one's opinions or conduct (为某人的观点或行为正式作出的)辩解，辩护 [Latin: see APOLOGY]

apologist /əˈpɒlədʒist/ n.  a person who defends something by argument 辩解者，辩护者 [French apologiste from Greek apologizomai ‘render account’, from apologos ‘account’]

apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make an apology; express regret 道歉，致歉；表示愧疚 [Greek apologizomai: see APOLOGIST]

apologue /ˈæpəlɒɡ/ n.  a moral fable 寓言，道德寓言 [French apologue or Latin apologus, from Greek apologos ‘story’ (as APO-, logos ‘discourse’)]

apology /əˈpɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure 道歉，认错；愧疚 2  an assurance that no offence was intended 表明无冒犯之意 3  an explanation or defence 辩解，辩护 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  a poor or scanty specimen of 勉强代用品，临时凑合的东西  this apology for a letter  以此权充一封信 [French apologie or Late Latin apologia from Greek (as APOLOGETIC)]

apolune /ˈæpə(ʊ)lu:n/ n.  the point in a body's lunar orbit at which it is furthest from the moon (opp. 反义 PERILUNE) 远月点(某物体的月球轨道上与月球相距最远的点) [APO- + Latin luna ‘moon’, on the pattern of apogee]

apomixis /æpəˈmiksis/ n. (pl. apomixes /-si:z/) Biol.  asexual reproduction, esp. agamospermy (cf. 参见 AMPHIMIXIS) 【生】(尤指不完全)无性生殖，无配生殖 □ apomictic  adj.   [modern Latin (as APO- + Greek mixis ‘mingling’)]

apophthegm /ˈæpəθem/ n. (US also [美亦] apothegm)  a terse saying or maxim, an aphorism 格言，箴言 □ apophthegmatic  /-θeɡˈmætik/ adj.   [French apophthegme or modern Latin apothegma from Greek apophthegma -matos, from apophtheggomai ‘speak out’]

apoplectic /æpəˈplektik/ adj.  1  of, causing, suffering, or liable to apoplexy 中风的；引起中风的；患中风的；易患中风的 2 colloq.  enraged [口]狂怒的 □ apoplectically  adv.   [French apoplectique or Late Latin apoplecticus from Greek apoplēktikos, from apoplēssō ‘strike completely’ (as APO-, plēssō ‘strike’)]

apoplexy /ˈæpəpleksi/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  = STROKEn. 2  2 colloq.  a rush of extreme emotion, esp. anger [口]感情极度冲动(尤指发怒) [Middle English via Old French apoplexie and Late Latin apoplexia from Greek apoplēxia (as APOPLECTIC)]

apoptosis /æpəpˈtəʊsis/ n. Biol.  the controlled death of cells as part of an organism's normal growth, development, etc. 【生】(在有机体生长发育过程中细胞的)受控死亡 □ apoptotic  /-ˈtɒtik/ adj.   [Greek apoptōsis ‘falling off’ (as APO- + PTOSIS)]

aporia /əˈpɔ:riə, əˈpɒriə/ n.  1 Rhet.  an expression of doubt 【修】疑惑，表示怀疑 2  a doubtful matter; a perplexing difficulty 疑难点；困惑点 [Late Latin from Greek, from aporos ‘impassable’ (as A-1 + poros ‘passage’)]

aposematic /ˌæpəʊsiˈmætik/ adj. Zool. (of coloration, markings, etc.) serving to warn or repel predators 【动】(颜色、标记等对侵食动物)警戒(或驱赶)的，起警告(或驱赶)作用的 [APO- + Greek sēma sēmatos ‘sign’]

apostasy /əˈpɒstəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  renunciation of a belief or faith, esp. religious (尤指宗教上的)变节，背叛 2  abandonment of principles or of a party 脱党，叛党 3  an instance of apostasy 变节(叛教或脱党)事例 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin and NT Greek apostasia from apostasis ‘defection’ (as APO-, stat- ‘stand’)]

apostate /ˈæpəsteit/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who renounces a belief, adherence, etc. 变节者；叛教者 ●adj.  engaged in apostasy 变节的；叛教的 □ apostatical  /æpəˈstætik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French apostate or ecclesiastical Latin apostata from Greek apostatēs ‘deserter’ (as APOSTASY)]

apostatize /əˈpɒstətaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  renounce a former belief, adherence, etc. 放弃信仰，变节；叛教；叛党 [medieval Latin apostatizare from apostata: see APOSTATE]

a posteriori /ei, ɑ:, pɒˌsteriˈɔ:rai, pɒˌstiə-/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (of reasoning) inductive, empirical; proceeding from effects to causes (推理)归纳的；凭经验的；由结果追溯到原因的 ●adv.  inductively, empirically; from effects to causes (opp. 反义词 A PRIORI) 归纳地；凭经验地；从结果到原因地 [Latin, = from what comes after]

apostle /əˈpɒs(ə)l/ n.  1  a (作 Apostle)  each of the twelve chief disciples of Jesus Christ 使徒(指耶稣基督的十二门徒)b  any of a number of early Christian teachers ranked with these, esp. St Paul 早期基督教传教士(尤指圣保罗)c  the first successful Christian missionary in a country or to a people (在某一国或某一民族的)第一个传教士 2  a leader or outstanding figure, esp. of a reform movement (尤指改革运动的)领导者，倡导者；杰出人物  apostle of temperance  戒酒运动的倡导者 3  a messenger or representative 信使，代表 □ apostleship  n.   [Old English apostol via ecclesiastical Latin apostolus from Greek apostolos ‘messenger’ (as APO-, stellō ‘send forth’)]

apostle-bird n.  any of various Australian birds, forming flocks of about a dozen 使徒鸟(产于澳大利亚，常十二只左右结成一群)

Apostles' Creed n.  an early form of the Christian creed, traditionally ascribed to the Apostles 使徒信经(早期基督教信仰纲要，据传是十二使徒所订)

apostolate /əˈpɒstəleit/ n.  1  the position or authority of an Apostle 使徒地位(或权力) 2  leadership in reform (改革运动的)领导地位，倡导地位 [ecclesiastical Latin apostolatus (as APOSTLE)]

apostolic /æpəˈstɒlik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the Apostles 使徒的；有关使徒的 2  of the Pope regarded as the successor of St Peter (被视为圣彼得继承者的)教皇的 3  of the character of an Apostle 使徒品格的 [French apostolique or ecclesiastical Latin apostolicus, from Greek apostolikos (as APOSTLE)]

Apostolic Fathers n. pl.  the Christian leaders immediately succeeding the Apostles 使徒教父，使徒后期教父(紧接十二使徒之后的基督教领袖)

apostolic succession n.  the uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops 使徒传接，使徒统绪(指基督使徒以来经由历代教皇和主教的神权传递)

apostrophe1 /əˈpɒstrəfi/ n. a punctuation mark used to indicate (标点符号)撇号，用于表示 :  1  the omission of letters or numbers (e.g. 例如 can't; he's; 1 Jan. '92) 省略字母或数字 2  the possessive case (e.g. 例如 Harry's book 亨利的书 ; boys' coats 男孩的外衣) 所有格 [French apostrophe or Late Latin apostrophus from Greek apostrophos ‘accent of elision’, from apostrephō ‘turn away’ (as APO-, strephō ‘turn’)]

apostrophe2 /əˈpɒstrəfi/ n.  an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem, addressed to a person (often dead or absent) or thing (often personified) (对已死去或不在场的人或拟人化的事物的)呼语，顿呼 □ apostrophize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin from Greek, literally ‘turning away’ (as APOSTROPHE1)]

apothecaries' measure n. (also 亦作 apothecaries' weight) hist.  units of weight and liquid volume formerly used in pharmacy (12 ounces = one pound; 20 fluid ounces = one pint) [史义]药衡制重量单位 (12 盎司等于 1 磅； 20 液量盎司等于 1 品脱)

apothecary /əˈpɒθik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic  a chemist licensed to dispense medicines and drugs [古义]药剂师，药师 [Middle English via Old French apotecaire, Late Latin apothecarius, and Latin apotheca from Greek apothēkē ‘storehouse’]

apothegm US var.  of APOPHTHEGM [美] APOPHTHEGM 的变体

apothem /ˈæpəθem/ n. Geom.  a line from the centre of a regular polygon at right angles to any of its sides 【几】(多边形的)边心距离 [Greek apotithēmi ‘put aside’ (as APO-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

apotheosis /əpɒθiˈəʊsis/ n. (pl. apotheoses /-si:z/)  1  elevation to divine status; deification 升格为神，尊奉为圣；神格化 2  a glorification of a thing; a sublime example 颂扬，美化；完美的典范  apotheosis of the dance  舞蹈的美化 3  a deified ideal 神圣的理想 [ecclesiastical Latin, from Greek apotheoō ‘make a god of’ (as APO-, theos ‘god’)]

apotheosize /əˈpɒθiəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make divine; deify 尊为神；封神 2  idealize, glorify 使理想化；使神圣化

apotropaic /æpətrəˈpeiik/ adj.  supposedly having the power to avert an evil influence or bad luck 据说有辟邪作用的 [Greek apotropaios (as APO-, trepō ‘turn’)]

app /æp/ n. esp. N. Amer. Computing [尤北美]【计算】  application  [abbreviation]

appal /əˈpɔ:l/ v. tr. (US [美] appall) (appalled, appalling)  1  greatly dismay or horrify 使沮丧，使胆寒 2 (as 作 appalling adj.) colloq.  shocking; unpleasant; bad [口]可怕的，不愉快的；糟糕的 □ appallingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French apalir ‘grow pale’]

Appaloosa /æpəˈlu:sə/ n.  1  a horse of a N. American breed having dark spots on a light background 阿帕卢萨马(北美的一种有黑斑点的马) 2  this breed 此品种 [Opelousas in Louisiana, or Palouse, a river in Idaho]

appanage var.  of APANAGE  APANAGE 的变体

apparat /æpəˈrɑ:t/ n. esp. hist.  the administrative system of a Communist party, esp. in a Communist country [尤史义] (尤指共产党国家内共产党的)行政管理体系，统治机器 [Russian from German, = apparatus]

apparatchik /æpəˈrætʃik/ n. (pl. apparatchiks or apparatchiki /-ˌki:/)  1  a esp. hist.  a member of a Communist apparat [尤史义]共产党组织机构的官员b  a Communist agent or spy 共产党特工(或间谍) 2  a  a member of a political party in any country who executes policy; a zealous functionary (任何国家的)政党工作人员；工作狂热的职员b  an official of a public or private organization 公职(或私人机构的)官员 [Russian: see APPARAT]

apparatus /æpəˈreitəs/ n.  1  the equipment needed for a particular purpose or function, esp. scientific or technical (尤指科技)器械，器具；设备；装置；仪器 2  a political or other complex organization 政治组织；复杂的组织 3 Anat.  the organs used to perform a particular process 【解】器官 4 (in full 全称 apparatus criticus /ˈkritikəs/)  a collection of variants and annotations accompanying a printed text and usu. appearing below it (书中所附的)参考资料，供评论研究的资料 [Latin, from apparare apparat- ‘make ready for’]

apparel /əˈpær(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 US or formal  clothing, dress [美] [正式]衣服，服饰 2  embroidered ornamentation on some ecclesiastical vestments (一些神职人员服装上的)刺绣装饰物 ●v. tr. (apparelled, apparelling; US [美] appareled, appareling) archaic  clothe [古义]给…穿衣服 [Middle English aparailen, in the sense ‘make ready or fit’, from Old French apareillier, ultimately from Latin par ‘equal’]

apparent /əˈpær(ə)nt/ adj.  1  readily visible or perceivable 明显的，显然的 2  seeming 表面上的，貌似的 □ apparently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French aparant from Latin (as APPEAR)]

apparent horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1b. 

apparent magnitude n.  the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial object as seen from the earth (opp. 反义 ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE) 目视星体亮度(指从地球上所见的某个星体的亮度)

apparent time n.  solar time (see 见 SOLAR adj.) 太阳时

apparition /æpəˈriʃ(ə)n/ n.  a sudden or dramatic appearance, esp. of a ghost or phantom; a visible ghost (尤指鬼或特异景象的)闪现，显形；幽灵，幻影 [Middle English from French apparition or from Latin apparitio ‘attendance’ (as APPEAR)]

appeal /əˈpi:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make an earnest or formal request; plead 请求，恳求；呼吁  appealed for calm  请求肃静 appealed to us not to leave  请求我们不要离开 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be attractive or of interest; be pleasing 对…有吸引力；投其所好 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  resort to or cite for support 求助，诉请 4 Law 【法律】  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  apply (to a higher court) for a reconsideration of the decision of a lower court (向更高一级法庭)上诉b tr.  refer to a higher court to review (a case) 提交上一级法院复核(某案件)c intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  apply to a higher court to reconsider (a verdict or sentence) 提交上一级法院复审(某判决或判刑) 5 intr. Cricket  call on the umpire for a decision on whether a batsman is out 【板球】诉诸裁判(判定击球手是否出局) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of appealing 请求，恳求 2  a formal or urgent request for public support, esp. financial, for a cause (尤指对某事业请求资助的)呼吁，求助 3 Law  the referral of a case to a higher court 【法律】上诉，上报(案例) 4  attractiveness; appealing quality 吸引力；魅力；感染力  sex appeal  性吸引力 □ appealer  n.   [Middle English via Old French apel, apeler from Latin appellare ‘to address’]

appealable /əˈpi:ləb(ə)l/ adj. Law (of a case) that can be referred to a higher court for review 【法律】(案件)可上诉的

appealing /əˈpi:liŋ/ adj.  attractive, likeable 有吸引力的；引起兴趣的 □ appealingly  adv.  

appear /əˈpiə/ v. intr.  1  become or be visible 出现，显现 2  be evident 显著，显露  a new problem then appeared  新问题于是显露出来 3  seem; have the appearance of being 似乎；看来好像  appeared unwell  似乎不舒服 you appear to be right  你好像对了 4  present oneself publicly or formally, esp. on stage or as the accused or counsel in a law court 露面；出演；出庭 5  be published 出版，登载  it appeared in the papers  这事见报了 a new edition will appear  新的一版即将出版 [Middle English via Old French apareir from Latin apparēre apparit- ‘come in sight’]

appearance /əˈpiər(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of appearing 出现，显现 2  an outward form as perceived (whether correctly or not), esp. visually 外貌，外表，样子  smartened up his appearance  使他的外表显得神采奕奕 gives an appearance of scalded skin  外表看来是皮肤烫伤 3  a semblance 表象，伪装  lend an appearance of legitimacy  给人以合法的表象 □ keep up appearances   maintain an impression or pretence of virtue, affluence, etc. 假装，装作(高尚、富有等)□ make (or put in) an appearance   be present, esp. briefly (尤指短暂)出席，露面□ to all appearances   as far as can be seen; apparently 就外表看来；显然 [Middle English via Old French aparance, -ence from Late Latin apparentia (as APPEAR, -ANCE)]

appease /əˈpi:z/ v. tr.  1  make calm or quiet, esp. conciliate (a potential aggressor) by making concessions 平息，安抚；(尤指通过作出让步)姑息，绥靖(可能的入侵者) 2  satisfy (an appetite, scruples) 使(胃口)满足；使(顾虑)消除 □ appeasement  n.  □ appeaser  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French apeser, Old French apaisier from ɑˋ ‘to’ + pais PEACE]

appellant /əˈpel(ə)nt/ n. Law  a person who appeals to a higher court 【法律】上诉人 [Middle English from French (as APPEAL, -ANT)]

appellate /əˈpelət/ adj. Law (esp. of a court) concerned with or dealing with appeals 【法律】(尤指法庭)上诉的；受理上诉的 [Latin appellatus (as APPEAL, -ATE2)]

appellation /æpəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  a name or title; nomenclature [正式]名称，称呼 [Middle English via Old French from Latin appellatio -onis (as APPEAL, -ATION)]

appellation contrôlée /æpəˌleisjɒn kənˈtrɒlei, 法 apɛlasjɔ˜ kɔ˜trole/ n. (also 亦作 appellation d'origine /dɔriʒin/ contrôlée)  a guarantee of the description of a bottle of French wine or of a foodstuff as to its origin, in conformity with statutory regulations (法国葡萄酒或食品上依据法律规定有关其产地介绍的)保证说明 [French, = controlled appellation]

appellative /əˈpelətiv/ adj.  1  naming 名称的，通称的 2 Gram. (of a noun) that designates a class; common 【语法】(名词)类的；普通名词的 [Late Latin appellativus (as APPEAL, -ATIVE)]

append /əˈpend/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  attach, affix, add, esp. to a written document etc. (尤指在书面文件后)附加，添加 [Latin appendere ‘hang’]

appendage /əˈpendidʒ/ n.  1  something attached; an addition 附属物，添加物 2 Zool.  a leg or other projecting part of an arthropod 【动】(节肢动物的)附属肢体

appendant /əˈpend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  attached in a subordinate capacity 附属的，附加的 ●n.  an appendant person or thing 随从；附属品 [Old French apendant from apendre (as APPEND, -ANT)]

appendectomy /æp(ə)nˈdektəmi/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] appendicectomy /əpendiˈsektəmi/) (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of the appendix 阑尾切除(术) [APPENDIX + -ECTOMY]

appendicitis /əpendiˈsaitis/ n.  inflammation of the appendix 阑尾炎 [APPENDIX + -ITIS]

appendix /əˈpendiks/ n. (pl. appendices /-si:z/; appendixes)  1 (in full 全称 vermiform appendix) Anat.  a small outgrowth of tissue forming a tube-shaped sac attached to the lower end of the large intestine 【解】阑尾，盲肠 2  subsidiary matter at the end of a book or document (书或文件末尾的)附录，附件 [Latin appendix -icis from appendere APPEND]

apperceive /æpəˈsi:v/ v. tr.  1  be conscious of perceiving 感知，认识 2 Psychol.  compare (a perception) to previously held ideas so as to extract meaning from it 【心】(根据以往经验)统觉理解(新观念)，统觉 □ apperception  /-ˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ apperceptive  /-ˈseptiv/ adj.   [Middle English (in obsolete sense ‘observe’) from Old French aperceveir, ultimately from Latin percipere PERCEIVE]

appertain /æpəˈtein/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  relate 与…有关联 2  belong as a possession or right 属于；拥有 3  be appropriate 适当，合适于 [Middle English via Old French apertenir and Late Latin appertinēre from Latin pertinēre PERTAIN]

appetence /ˈæpit(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 appetency /-(ə)nsi/) (pl. -ces or -cies) (foll. by 后跟 for)  longing or desire 渴望；欲望，愿望 [French appétence or Latin appetentia, from appetere ‘seek after’]

appetite /ˈæpitait/ n.  1  a natural desire to satisfy bodily needs, esp. for food or sexual activity 胃口，食欲；性欲 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  an inclination or desire 欲望；倾向；趣味 □ appetitive  /əˈpetitiv/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French apetit from Latin appetitus, from appetere ‘seek after’]

appetizer /ˈæpitaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  a small amount, esp. of food or drink, to stimulate an appetite 开胃食品，开胃饮料 [appetize (back-formation from APPETIZING)]

appetizing /ˈæpitaiziŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 -ising)  stimulating an appetite, esp. for food 开胃的，促进食欲的 □ appetizingly  adv.   [French appétissant, irregular formation from appétit (as APPETITE)]

applaud /əˈplɔ:d/ v.  1 intr.  express strong approval or praise, esp. by clapping (尤指拍手)喝彩；称赞 2 tr.  express approval of (a person or action) verbally or by clapping 用语言或鼓掌(对某人或行动)表示赞同 [Latin applaudere applaus- ‘clap hands’]

applause /əˈplɔ:z/ n.  1  an expression of approbation, esp. from an audience etc. by clapping (尤指观众等)鼓掌，喝彩 2  emphatic approval 赞许，赞同 [medieval Latin applausus (as APPLAUD)]

apple /ˈæp(ə)l/ n.  1  the fruit of a tree of the genus Malus, rounded in form and with a crisp flesh 苹果 2 (in full 全称 apple tree)  the tree bearing this 苹果树 □ apple of one's eye  (prec. by 前接 the)  a cherished person or thing 珍爱的人(或物)；掌上明珠□ she's apples  Austral. slang  everything is fine [澳] [俚语]一切都好□ upset the apple-cart   spoil careful plans 破坏了精心安排的计划 [Old English œppel, from Germanic]

apple-cheeked adj.  having round rosy cheeks 面颊圆而红润的

applejack /ˈæp(ə)ldʒæk/ n. N. Amer.  a spirit distilled from fermented apple juice [北美]苹果白兰地，苹果酒 [APPLE + JACK1]

apple-pie bed n.  a bed made (as a joke) with the sheets folded short, so that the legs cannot be accommodated 苹果派床，苹果馅饼式床(即铺床时开玩笑将被单叠得很短，使睡觉人的腿伸在外面)

apple-pie order n.  perfect order; extreme neatness 井然有序；非常整洁

appliance /əˈplaiəns/ n.  a device or piece of equipment used for a specific task, esp. a machine for domestic use (用于特定目的、尤指家用的)器具，器械 [APPLY + -ANCE]

applicable /əˈplikəb(ə)l, ˈæplik-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  that may be applied 可应用的，适用的 2  having reference; appropriate 适用的；适当的 □ applicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ applicably  adv.   [Old French applicable or medieval Latin applicabilis (as APPLY, -ABLE)]

applicant /ˈæplik(ə)nt/ n.  a person who applies for something, esp. a job (尤指工作)申请者 [APPLICATION + -ANT]

application /æpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of applying, esp. medicinal ointment to the skin 施用，敷用(尤指给皮肤敷用药膏) 2  a formal request, usu. in writing, for employment, membership, etc. (书面正式)申请(工作、加入组织等) 3  a  relevance 实用性；适用性b  the use to which something can or should be put 用途，用法 4  sustained or concentrated effort; diligence 专注；勤奋 [Middle English via Old French from Latin applicatio -onis (as APPLY, -ATION)]

application program n.  a computer program designed and written to fulfil a particular purpose of the user (计算机的)应用程序

applicator /ˈæplikeitə/ n.  a device for applying a substance to a surface, esp. the skin, or for inserting something into a cavity, esp. into the body 涂抹器(尤指涂于皮肤表面)；插入器(尤指插入体腔) [APPLICATION + -OR1]

applied /əˈplaid/ adj. (of a subject of study) put to practical use as opposed to being theoretical (cf. 参见 PURE adj. 9) (指某一学科)应用的；实用的

applied mathematics  see 见 MATHEMATICS 

appliqué /əˈpli:kei/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  ornamental work in which fabric is cut out and attached, usu. sewn, to the surface of another fabric to form pictures or patterns (织物上的)布贴装饰，嵌花图案 ●adj.  executed in appliqué 贴花的，嵌花的 ●v. tr. (appliqués, appliquéd, appliquéing)  decorate with appliqué; make using appliqué technique 用贴花(或嵌花)装饰；采用贴花(或嵌花)技术 [French, past part. of appliquer ‘apply’ from Latin applicare: see APPLY]

apply /əˈplai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to, or to + infin.)  make a formal request for something to be done, given, etc. 申请，请求  apply for a job  申请工作 apply for help to the governors  向地方长官请求帮助 applied to be sent overseas  申请派驻海外 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have relevance 适用，适合  does not apply in this case  不适用本情况 3 tr.  a  make use of as relevant or suitable; employ 应用；使用  apply the rules  应用规则b  operate 启用，采用  apply the handbrake  采用手刹 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  put or spread on 涂，抹，敷  applied the ointment to the cut  将药膏涂在伤口上b  administer 施行，施用  applied the remedy  施行修补 applied common sense to the problem  用常识解决此问题 5 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  devote oneself 致力于；专注于  applied myself to the task  使我自己专注于该任务 □ applier  n.   [Middle English via Old French aplier from Latin applicare ‘fold, fasten to’]

appoggiatura /əpɒdʒəˈtʊərə/ n. Mus.  a grace note performed before an essential note of a melody and normally taking half its time value 【音】倚音(一种装饰音) [Italian, = lean upon, rest]

appoint /əˈpɔint/ v. tr.  1  assign a post or office to 任命，委派  appoint him governor  任命他为总督 appoint him to govern  委派他去管辖 appointed to the post  委以该职 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fix, decide on (a time, place, etc.) 确定，决定(时间、地点等)  Wednesday was appointed for the meeting  定于星期三开会 8.30 was the appointed time  定的时间是 8 点 30 分 3  prescribe; ordain 指定，规定  Holy Writ appointed by the Church  教会规定的神圣文书 4 Law 【法律】  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  declare the destination of (property etc.) 处置(财产等)b  declare (a person) as having an interest in property etc. 指定(某人)为财产等的受益人  Jones was appointed in the will  遗嘱中琼斯被指定为受益人 5 (as 作 appointed adj.)  equipped, furnished 装备的，提供设施的  a badly appointed hotel  设施糟糕的旅店 □ appointee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ appointer  n.  □ appointive  adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)   [Middle English from Old French apointer, from ɑˋ point ‘to a point’]

appointment /əˈpɔintm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an arrangement to meet at a specific time and place 约定(时间、地点)，约会 2  a  a post or office available for applicants, or recently filled (候选人待定或刚确定的)职位，职务  took up the appointment on Monday  星期一就职b  a person appointed 选定的人，人选 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  furniture, fittings 家具，陈设；装备b  equipment 设备 [Middle English from Old French apointement (as APPOINT, -MENT)]

apport /əˈpɔ:t/ n.  1  the production of material objects by supposedly occult means at a seance (降神会上通过神秘魔法变出的)物体显形 2  an object so produced 显形物体 [Middle English, in the sense ‘something brought’, from Old French aport from aporter, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + porter ‘bring’]

apportion /əˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  share out; assign as a share 分配；分摊，分派 □ apportionable  adj.   [French apportionner or medieval Latin apportionare (as AD-, PORTION)]

apportionment /əˈpɔ:ʃənm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of apportioning 分配；分摊，分派 2 US  the determination of the proportional number of members each state sends to the House of Representatives (based on population figures) [美] (各州按人口数量分配给众议院的)议员名额分配

apposite /ˈæpəzit/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  apt; well chosen 适当的，得当的 2  well expressed 充分表达的，得体的 □ appositely  adv.  □ appositeness  n.   [Latin appositus past part. of apponere (as AD-, ponere ‘put’)]

apposition /æpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  placing side by side; juxtaposition 并置，并列 2 Gram.  the placing of a word next to another, esp. the addition of one noun to another, in order to qualify or explain the first (e.g. 例如 William the Conqueror 征服者威廉 ; my friend Sue 我的朋友苏) 【语法】(词语的)同位关系；同位语 □ appositional  adj.   [Middle English from French apposition or Late Latin appositio (as APPOSITE, -ITION)]

appraisal /əˈpreiz(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of appraising 估量；估价 2  a formal evaluation of the performance of an employee over a particular period (对雇员一定期间内工作的)正式评估，评价

appraise /əˈpreiz/ v. tr.  1  estimate the value or quality of 评价，评估  appraised her skills  评估她的技能 2 (esp. of an official valuer) set a price on; value (尤指官方估价员)定价；估价 3  evaluate the performance of (an employee) formally (正式)评估(雇员的工作表现) □ appraisable  adj.  □ appraisee  /-ˈzi:/ n.  □ appraiser  n.  □ appraisingly  adv.  □ appraisive  adj.   [from APPRIZE, by assimilation to PRAISE]

appreciable /əˈpri:ʃəb(ə)l, -ʃiə-/ adj.  large enough to be noticed; significant; considerable (大得)可以看到(或注意到)的；意义重大的；相当可观的  appreciable progress has been made  有了可观的进步 □ appreciably  adv.   [French, from apprécier (as APPRECIATE)]

appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieit, -si-/ v.  1 tr.  a  esteem highly; value 欣赏，赞赏b  be grateful for 感谢，感激  we appreciate your sympathy  我们感谢你的同情c  be sensitive to 鉴别，鉴赏  appreciate the nuances  鉴别细微差异 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  understand; recognize 了解，领会；认识到  I appreciate that I may be wrong  我认识到我可能错了 3  a intr. (of property etc.) rise in value (财产等)升值b tr.  raise in value 增值 □ appreciative  /-ʃ(i)ətiv/ adj.  □ appreciatively  /-ʃətivli/ adv.  □ appreciativeness  /-ʃətivnis/ n.  □ appreciator  n.  □ appreciatory  /-ʃ(i)ət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin appretiare ‘appraise’ (as AD-, pretium ‘price’)]

appreciation /əpri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n.  1  favourable or grateful recognition 欣赏，赞赏 2  an estimation or judgement; sensitive understanding of or reaction to 评判；鉴赏；鉴别  a quick appreciation of the problem  对问题的迅速评判 3  an increase in value 增值，升值 4  a (usu. favourable) review of a book, film, etc. (对书、电影等通常为赞赏性的)评论，评介 [French, from Late Latin appretiatio -onis (as APPRECIATE, -ATION)]

apprehend /æpriˈhend/ v. tr.  1  understand, perceive 理解；领悟，领会  apprehend your meaning  理解你的意思 2  seize, arrest 拘捕，逮捕  apprehended the criminal  拘捕罪犯 3  anticipate with uneasiness or fear 忐忑不安地期待；忧虑，担忧  apprehending the results  对结果担忧 [French appréhender or Latin apprehendere (as AD-, prehendere prehens- ‘lay hold of’)]

apprehensible /æpriˈhensib(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being apprehended by the senses or the intellect 可理解的；可领会的  an apprehensible theory  可理解的理论 an apprehensible change in her expression  她的表情中可以看出的变化 □ apprehensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Late Latin apprehensibilis (as APPREHEND, -IBLE)]

apprehension /æpriˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  uneasiness; a sense of foreboding 忧虑不安，担忧；预感 2  understanding, grasp 理解，领悟 3  arrest, capture 逮捕；抓获  apprehension of the suspect  抓获嫌疑犯 4  an idea; a conception 想法，看法 [French appréhension or Late Latin apprehensio (as APPREHEND, -ION)]

apprehensive /æpriˈhensiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, of, for)  uneasily fearful; anxious 忧虑的，不安的 2  relating to perception by the senses or the intellect 理解的，领悟的 3 archaic  perceptive; intelligent [古义]有理解力的；聪明的 □ apprehensively  adv.  □ apprehensiveness  n.   [French appréhensif or medieval Latin apprehensivus (as APPREHEND, -IVE)]

apprentice /əˈprentis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who is learning a trade by being employed in it for an agreed period at low wages 学徒，徒弟 2  a beginner; a novice 初学者；新手 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  engage or bind as an apprentice 使当学徒  was apprenticed to a builder  给一个建筑商当学徒 2 intr. N. Amer.  serve as an apprentice [北美]做学徒工  she apprenticed at a hairdresser's  她在一家发廊做学徒工 □ apprenticeship  n.   [Middle English from Old French aprentis, from apprendre ‘learn’ (as APPREHEND), on the pattern of words ending in -tis, -tif, from Latin -tivus: see -IVE]

apprise /əˈpraiz/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  inform 通知，告知 □ be apprised of   be aware of 意识到，注意到 [French appris -ise, past part. of apprendre ‘learn, teach’ (as APPREHEND)]

apprize /əˈpraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) archaic [古义]  1  esteem highly 尊重，敬重 2  appraise 评价，鉴定 [Middle English from Old French aprisier, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + pris PRICE]

appro /ˈæprəʊ/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]   □ on appro   = on approval (see 见 APPROVAL)  [abbreviation of approval or approbation]

approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  come near or nearer to (a place or time) 接近，靠近(某一地点或时刻) 2 intr.  come near or nearer in space or time (在空间或时间上)迫近，临近  the hour approaches  时间渐近 3 tr.  make a tentative proposal or suggestion to 找…商量，向…洽谈  approached me about a loan  找我商量贷款的事 4 tr.  a  be similar in character, quality, etc., to (在品格、性质等方面)近似，近于  doesn't approach her for artistic skill  在艺术技巧上与她不相似b  approximate to 约等于，接近于  a population approaching 5 million  接近于 500 万的人口 5 tr.  attempt to influence or bribe 试图影响(或贿赂) 6 tr.  set about (a task etc.) 着手，开始(工作等) 7 intr. Golf  play an approach shot 【高尔夫球】打临近球 8 intr. Aeron.  prepare to land 【空】准备降落 9 tr. archaic  bring near [古义]使靠近 ●n.  1  an act or means of approaching 接近，靠近；入口，门径  made an approach  走近前去 an approach lined with trees  两旁栽有树的门径 2  an approximation 近似(值)  an approach to an apology  近似于道歉 3  a way of dealing with a person or thing 方法，途径  needs a new approach  需要一种新方法 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a sexual advance (性方面的)亲近 5 Golf  a stroke from the fairway to the green 【高尔夫球】(从平坦球道击向球洞区的)接近球 6 Aeron.  the final part of a flight before landing 【空】(降落前的)最后飞行 7 Bridge  a bidding method with a gradual advance to a final contract 【桥牌】渐近叫牌法 [Middle English via Old French aproch(i)er from ecclesiastical Latin appropiare ‘draw near’ (as AD-, propius, comparative of prope ‘near’)]

approachable /əˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  friendly; easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的；可亲近的 2  able to be approached 可以接近的 □ approachability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

approach road n. Brit.  a road by which traffic enters a motorway [英] (进入高速公路的)引道，匝道

approbate /ˈæprəbeit/ v. tr. US  approve formally; sanction [美] (正式)批准，核准；认可 [Middle English from Latin approbare (as AD-, probare ‘test’ from probus ‘good’)]

approbation /æprəˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  approval, consent 批准；赞成，赞同 □ approbative  /ˈæprəbeitiv/ adj.  □ approbatory  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin approbatio -onis (as APPROBATE, -ATION)]

appropriate adj. & v. ●adj. /əˈprəʊpriət/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  1  suitable or proper 适当的，合适的 2 formal  belonging or particular [正式]专属的，特定的 ●v. tr. /əˈprəʊprieit/  1  take possession of, esp. without authority 侵吞；挪用，盗用 2  devote (money etc.) to special purposes 拨出(款项等)供专用 □ appropriately  adv.  □ appropriateness  n.  □ appropriation  /əprəʊpriˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ appropriator  /-eitə/ n.   [Late Latin appropriatus, past part. of appropriare (as AD-, proprius ‘own’)]

approval /əˈpru:v(ə)l/ n.  1  the act of approving 批准，核准；认可 2  an instance of this; consent; a favourable opinion 批准事项；赞同，赞成；赞赏  with your approval  经你的批准 looked at him with approval  用赞赏的目光看着他 □ on approval  (of goods supplied) to be returned if not satisfactory (供应的货物)不满意即可退回的

approve /əˈpru:v/ v.  1 tr.  confirm; sanction 批准，核准；同意  approved his application  同意他的申请 2 intr.  give or have a favourable opinion 赞成，称许 3 tr.  commend 称赞，推荐  approved the new hat  称赞那顶新帽子 4 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.) archaic  demonstrate oneself to be [古义]证实，证明(自己)为  approved himself a coward  证明他自己是个懦夫 □ approve of   pronounce or consider good or satisfactory; commend 称赞，赞同；满意□ approvingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French aprover from Latin (as APPROBATE)]

approved school n. Brit. hist.  a residential place of training for young offenders [英史义]少年犯教养院，工读学校

approx. abbr. [缩略]  1  approximate  2  approximately 

approximate adj. & v. ●adj. /əˈprɒksimət/  1  fairly correct or accurate; near to the actual 约莫的，大概的；近似的  the approximate time of arrival  抵达的大概时间 an approximate guess  约略估计 2  near or next 邻近的，靠近的  your approximate neighbour  你的近邻 ●v. tr. & intr. /əˈprɒksimeit/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bring or come near (esp. in quality, number, etc.), but not exactly 使(质量、数量等)接近  approximates to the truth  接近事实 approximates the amount required  接近需求量 □ approximately  /-mətli/ adv.  □ approximation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin approximatus, past part. of approximare (as AD-, proximus ‘very near’)]

appurtenance /əˈpɜ:t(i)nəns/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a belonging; an appendage; an accessory 附属物；附带的东西；附件；配件 [Middle English from Anglo-French apurtenaunce, Old French apertenance (as APPERTAIN, -ANCE)]

appurtenant /əˈpɜ:t(i)nənt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  belonging or appertaining; pertinent 附属的；附带的；有关的 [Middle English from Old French apartenant pres. part. (as APPERTAIN)]

APR abbr.  annual or annualized percentage rate (esp. of interest on loans or credit) [缩略]年利率(尤指贷款或信贷)

Apr. abbr. [缩略]  April 

apricot /ˈeiprikɒt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a juicy soft fruit, smaller than a peach, of an orange-yellow colour 杏子b (in full 全称 apricot tree)  the tree, Prunus armeniaca, bearing it 杏树 2  the ripe fruit's orange-yellow colour 杏黄色 ●adj.  of an orange-yellow colour 杏黄色的  apricot dress  杏黄色连衣裙 [Portuguese albricoque or Spanish albaricoque via Arabic al ‘the’ + barkuk and late Greek praikokion from Latin praecoquum, variant of praecox ‘early-ripe’: apri- influenced by Latin apricus ‘ripe’, -cot by French abricot]

April /ˈeipr(i)l/ n.  the fourth month of the year 四月 [Middle English from Latin Aprilis]

April Fool n.  a person successfully tricked on 1 April 在愚人节被愚弄的人

April Fool's Day n. (also 亦作 April Fools' Day, All Fools' Day) 1 April 愚人节 (4 月 1 日)

a priori /ei praiˈɔ:rai, ɑ: priˈɔ:ri/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1 (of reasoning) deductive; proceeding from causes to effects (opp. 反义 A POSTERIORI) (指推理)演绎的，由原因推及结果的 2 (of concepts, knowledge, etc.) logically independent of experience; not derived from experience (opp. 反义 EMPIRICAL) (指概念、知识等)逻辑上不依赖于经验的；非经验的 3  not submitted to critical investigation 未经批判性审查的，臆测的  an a priori conjecture  臆测的判断 ●adv.  1  in an a priori manner 用演绎方法；先验地 2  as far as one knows; presumptively 根据(某人)所知；基于假定地 □ apriorism  /eiˈpraiəriz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin, = from what is before]

apron /ˈeipr(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a garment covering and protecting the front of a person's clothes, either from chest or waist level, and tied at the back 围裙，围腰b  official clothing of this kind 似围裙的正式服装  bishop's apron  主教服c  anything resembling an apron in shape or function 任何形状或作用类似围裙的东西 2 Theatr.  the part of a stage in front of the curtain 【戏】台口，台边(指幕布前的舞台部分) 3  the hard-surfaced area on an airfield used for manoeuvring or loading aircraft (机场的)停机坪 4  an endless conveyor belt 链板传送皮带 □ tied to a person's apron strings   dominated by or dependent on that person (usu. a woman) 受制于，依赖于(某女人)□ aproned  adj.  □ apronful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English naperon etc. from Old French, diminutive of nape ‘tablecloth’ from Latin mappa: for loss of n cf. ADDER]

apropos /æprəˈpəʊ, ˈæprəpəʊ/ adj., prep. & adv. ●adj.  to the point or purpose; appropriate 中肯的，贴切的；恰当的  his comment was apropos  他的评论很中肯 ●prep. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) colloq.  in respect of; concerning [口]就…而言；关于  apropos the meeting  关于那次会议 apropos of the talk  关于那次谈话 ●adv.  1  appropriately 适当地，恰当地  spoke apropos  说话得当 2 (absol. [含宾])  by the way; incidentally 顺便说一下；附带地  apropos, she's not going  顺便说一下，她不走了 [French ɑˋ propos from ɑˋ ‘to’ + propos PURPOSE]

après-ski /æpreiˈski:/ n. & adj. ●n.  the evening, esp. its social activities, following a day's skiing 经过一天滑雪之后的晚会(尤指社交活动) ●attrib. adj. (of clothes, drinks, etc.) appropriate to social activities following skiing (服饰、饮料等)适宜滑雪之后晚会活动的 [French]

apse /æps/ n.  1  a large semicircular or polygonal recess, arched or with a domed roof, esp. at the eastern end of a church (尤指位于教堂东侧的)半圆形(或多边形)拱顶附带建筑；半圆形(或多边形)壁龛 2  = APSIS  □ apsidal  /ˈæpsid(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin APSIS]

apsis /ˈæpsis/ n. (pl. apsides /-di:z/)  either of two points on the orbit of a planet or satellite that are nearest to or furthest from the body round which it moves 拱点，近(远)日点(行星或卫星轨道上离引力中心最近或最远的一点) □ apsidal  adj.   [Latin, from Greek (h)apsis, -idos ‘arch, vault’]

apt /æpt/ adj.  1  appropriate, suitable 适当的，合适的  an apt moment  适当的时刻 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  having a tendency; prone, likely 易于…的；有…倾向的  apt to lose his temper  他易发怒 3  clever; quick to learn 聪明的；反应敏捷的  an apt pupil  聪明的学生 apt at the work  工作很熟练 □ aptly  adv.  □ aptness  n.   [Middle English from Latin aptus ‘fitted’, past part. of apere ‘fasten’]

apterous /ˈæpt(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 Zool. (of insects) without wings 【动】(昆虫)无翅的 2 Bot. (of seeds or fruits) having no winglike expansions 【植】(籽或果实)无翼状延展的 [Greek apteros (as A-1 + pteron ‘wing’)]

apteryx /ˈæptəriks/ n.  = KIWI  [modern Latin, from Greek (as A-1 + pterux ‘wing’)]

aptitude /ˈæptitju:d/ n.  1  a natural propensity or talent 秉性；天赋，天资  shows an aptitude for drawing  对绘画表现出有天赋 2  ability or fitness, esp. to acquire a particular skill (尤指获得某种技能的)能力，才能；聪明才智 [French from Late Latin aptitudo -inis (as APT, -TUDE)]

aqua /ˈækwə/ n. & adj. ●n.  the colour aquamarine 碧绿色，水绿色 ●adj.  of this colour 碧绿的，水绿色的 [abbreviation]

aquaculture /ˈækwəkʌltʃə/ n.  the cultivation or rearing of aquatic plants or animals 水产业，水产养殖 [Latin aqua ‘water’ + CULTURE, on the pattern of agriculture]

aqua fortis /ˌækwə ˈfɔ:tis/ n. Chem.  nitric acid 【化】硝酸 [Latin, = strong water]

Aqua Libra /ˌækwə ˈli:brə/ n. propr.  a drink made from mineral water and fruit juices [商标]利布拉水(一种矿泉水和果汁的混合饮料)

aqualung /ˈækwəlʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a portable breathing apparatus for divers, consisting of cylinders of compressed air strapped on the back, feeding air automatically through a mask or mouthpiece (潜水员使用的)水中呼吸器(将压缩气瓶缚于背上，通过面罩或口管自动送气) ●v. intr.  use an aqualung  [Latin aqua ‘water’ + LUNG]

aquamarine /ˌækwəməˈri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a light bluish-green beryl 绿玉 2  its colour 绿玉色 ●adj.  of bluish-green colour 碧绿色的 [Latin aqua marina ‘sea water’]

aquanaut /ˈækwənɔ:t/ n.  an underwater swimmer or explorer 深水潜水员；海底探险者 [Latin aqua ‘water’ + Greek nautēs ‘sailor’]

aquaplane /ˈækwəplein/ n. & v. ●n.  a board for riding on water, pulled by a speedboat (由快艇牵引的)滑水板 ●v. intr.  1  ride on an aquaplane 乘滑水板滑行 2 (of a vehicle) glide uncontrollably on the wet surface of a road (汽车)在湿路面上像滑水一样失去控制 [Latin aqua ‘water’ + PLANE1]

aqua regia /ˌækwə ˈri:dʒə/ n. Chem.  a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids, a highly corrosive liquid attacking many substances unaffected by other reagents 【化】王水(一种硝酸和浓盐酸的混合液，腐蚀性极强) [Latin, = royal water]

aquarelle /ækwəˈrel/ n.  a painting in thin, usu. transparent, watercolours 透明式水彩画 [French from Italian acquarella ‘watercolour’, diminutive of acqua, from Latin aqua ‘water’]

aquarium /əˈkwɛəriəm/ n. (pl. aquaria /-riə/ or aquariums)  an artificial environment designed for keeping live aquatic plants and animals for study or exhibition, esp. a tank of water with transparent sides 水族馆；养鱼缸，水草缸 [neut. of Latin aquarius ‘of water’ (aqua), on the pattern of vivarium]

Aquarius /əˈkwɛəriəs/ n.  1 Astron.  a large constellation (the Water-carrier or Water-bearer), said to represent a man pouring water from a jar 【天】宝瓶座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the eleventh sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 21 Jan. 宝瓶宫(黄道的第 11 个星座，太阳约在每年 1 月 21 日进入该星座)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于宝瓶宫时段的人 □ Aquarian  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin (as AQUARIUM)]

aquatic /əˈkwætik, -ˈkwɒt-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  growing or living in or near water 水生的；水栖的 2 (of a sport) played in or on water (体育运动)水上的；水中进行的 ●n.  1  an aquatic plant or animal 水生动植物 2 (in pl. 用复数)  aquatic sports 水上运动 [Middle English from French aquatique or Latin aquaticus, from aqua ‘water’]

aquatint /ˈækwətint/ n.  1  a print resembling a watercolour, produced from a copper plate etched with nitric acid 凹铜板腐蚀制版 2  the process of producing this 凹铜板腐蚀制版法 [French aquatinte from Italian acqua tinta ‘coloured water’]

aquavit /ækwəˈvi:t/ n. (also 亦作 akvavit /ˈækvə-/)  an alcoholic spirit made from potatoes etc. 阿瓜维特酒(一种用土豆等原料酿制的烈性酒) [Norwegian, Swedish, Danish akvavit AQUA VITAE]

aqua vitae /ˌækwə ˈvaiti:, ˈvi:tai/ n.  a strong alcoholic spirit, esp. brandy 烈性酒(尤指白兰地) [Latin = water of life]

aqueduct /ˈækwidʌkt/ n.  1  an artificial channel for conveying water, esp. in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley 水渠；渡槽 2 Physiol.  a small canal, esp. in the head of mammals 【生理】(尤指哺乳动物大脑内的)导管，脉管 [Latin aquae ductus ‘conduit’, from aqua ‘water’ + ducere duct- ‘to lead’]

aqueous /ˈeikwiəs/ adj.  1  of, containing, or like water 水的；含有水的；似水的 2 Geol.  produced by water 【地质】水成的  aqueous rocks  水成岩 [medieval Latin aqueus from Latin aqua ‘water’]

aqueous humour n. Anat.  the clear fluid in the eye between the lens and the cornea 【解】(眼球的)晶体和角膜之间的水状液

aquifer /ˈækwifə/ n. Geol.  a layer of rock or soil able to hold or transmit much water 【地质】地下蓄水层，砂石含水层 [Latin aqui- from aqua ‘water’ + -fer ‘bearing’ from ferre ‘bear’]

aquilegia /ækwiˈli:dʒə/ n.  a plant of the genus Aquilegia (buttercup family) with (often blue) flowers having backward-pointing spurs Also called 亦称作 COLUMBINE 耧斗菜属(毛莨科，通常开蓝花) [medieval Latin, probably from Latin aquilegus ‘water-collecting’]

aquiline /ˈækwilain/ adj.  1  of or like an eagle 鹰的；似鹰的 2 (of a nose) curved like an eagle's beak (鼻子)钩状的，鹰钩鼻的 [Latin aquilinus, from aquila ‘eagle’]

A. & R. abbr. [缩略]  1  artists and recording 艺术家及录制作品 2  artists and repertoire 艺术家及保留剧目

AR abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Arkansas (in official postal use) [美]阿肯色州(正式邮政用语) 2  Autonomous Republic 自治共和国

Ar symb. Chem.  the element argon [符]【化】(化学元素)氩

ar- /ær, ər/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before r (在 r 前)AD- 的同化形式

-ar1 /ə/ suffix  1  forming adjectives (angular 有角的 ; linear 线性的 ; nuclear 原子核的 ; titular 有名无实的) 构成形容词 2  forming nouns (scholar 学者) 构成名词 [Old French -aire or -ier, or Latin -aris]

-ar2 /ə/ suffix  forming nouns (pillar 柱子) 构成名词 [French -er or Latin -ar, -are, neut. of -aris]

-ar3 /ə/ suffix  forming nouns (bursar 司库 ; exemplar 模范 ; mortar 研钵 ; vicar 教区牧师) 构成名词 [Old French -aire or -ier, or Latin -arius, -arium]

-ar4 /ə/ suffix  assim. form of -ER1, -OR1 -ER1 (liar 骗子 ; pedlar 小贩) ， -OR1 的同化形式

ARA abbr.  Associate of the Royal Academy [缩略]皇家艺术院准会员

Arab /ˈærəb/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Semitic people inhabiting originally Saudi Arabia and the neighbouring countries, now the Middle East generally 阿拉伯人 2  a horse of a breed originally native to Arabia 阿拉伯马 ●adj.  of or relating to Arabia or the Arabs (esp. with ethnic reference) 阿拉伯的；阿拉伯人的(尤指人种) [French Arabe via Latin Arabs Arabis and Greek Araps -abos from Arabic ˈarab]

arabesque /ærəˈbesk/ n.  1 Ballet  a posture with one leg extended horizontally backwards, torso extended forwards, and arms outstretched 【芭蕾舞】阿拉贝斯克舞姿，燕翅平衡舞姿(一条腿向后展成水平身体前倾，双臂伸展) 2  a design of intertwined leaves, scrolls, etc. 涡卷线状图案 3 Mus.  a florid melodic section or composition 【音】华丽乐章，花式乐曲 [French from Italian arabesco ‘in the Arabic style’, from arabo ‘Arab’]

Arabian /əˈreibiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Arabia (esp. with geographical reference) 阿拉伯的(尤指地域)  the Arabian desert  阿拉伯沙漠 ●n.  1  a native of Arabia 阿拉伯人 2 US [美]  = ARABn. 2  [Middle English from Old French arabi, probably from Arabic ˈarabī, or via Latin Arabus, Arabius from Greek Arabios]■Usage 用法说明 In the sense ‘a native of Arabia’, the usual term is now Arab. 当今表达“阿拉伯本地人”之意通常用 Arab 。 

Arabian camel n.  a domesticated one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius, native to the deserts of N. Africa and the Near East Also called 亦称作 dromedary 阿拉伯单峰驼

Arabic /ˈærəbik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the Semitic language of the Arabs, now spoken in much of N. Africa and the Middle East (北非和中东大部份地区讲的)阿拉伯语 ●adj.  of or relating to Arabia (esp. with reference to language or literature) 阿拉伯的(尤指与语言和文学相关的) [Middle English via Old French arabic and Latin arabicus from Greek arabikos]

arabica /əˈræbikə/ n.  1  coffee or coffee beans from the most widely grown species of the coffee plant, Coffea arabica 阿拉伯咖啡(或咖啡豆) 2  the plant itself (cf. 参见 ROBUSTA) 阿拉伯咖啡植株 [modern Latin, from Latin arabicus ARABIC]

Arabic numeral n.  any of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 (cf. 参见 ROMAN NUMERAL) 阿拉伯数字

arabis /ˈærəbis/ n.  a low-growing cruciferous plant of the genus Arabis, with toothed leaves and usu. white flowers Also called 亦称作 rock cress, wall cress 筷子芥(一种开白色十字花的、齿状叶子的低矮植物) [medieval Latin from Greek, = Arabian]

Arabist /ˈærəbist/ n.  a student of Arabic civilization, language, etc. 阿拉伯语学者；阿拉伯文化研究专家

arable /ˈærəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of land) ploughed, or suitable for ploughing and crop production (土地)可耕的，适于耕种的 2 (of crops) that can be grown on arable land (庄稼)适宜在农田里耕种的 ●n.  arable land or crops 可耕地；大田作物 [French arable or Latin arabilis, from arare ‘to plough’]

Araby /ˈærəbi/ n. poet.  Arabia [诗]阿拉伯 [Old French Arabie via Latin Arabia from Greek]

arachnid /əˈræknid/ n.  any arthropod of the class Arachnida, having four pairs of legs, simple eyes, and usu. pincers or fangs e.g. scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks 蛛纲节肢动物(如蝎子、蜘蛛、螨虫、壁虱等) □ arachnidan  adj. & n.   [French arachnide or modern Latin arachnida, from Greek arakhnē ‘spider’]

arachnoid /əˈræknɔid/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 arachnoid membrane) Anat.  one of the three membranes (see 见 MENINX) that surround the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates 【解】(包绕脊椎动物大脑和脊髓的三层膜之一)蛛网膜 ●adj. Bot.  covered with long cobweb-like hairs 【植】蛛网状的；覆盖有蛛网膜的 [modern Latin arachnoides from Greek arakhnoeidēs ‘like a cobweb’, from arakhnē: see ARACHNID]

arachnophobia /əræknə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal fear of spiders 恐蜘蛛症 □ arachnophobe  /əˈræknəfəʊb/ n.  □ arachnophobic  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek arakhnē ‘spider’ + -PHOBIA]

arak var.  of ARRACK  ARRACK 的变体

Aral /ˈærəl/ n.  咸海 [中亚]

Araldite /ˈær(ə)ldait/ n. Brit. propr.  an epoxy resin used as a strong heatproof cement to mend china, plastic, etc. [英] [商标]环氧树脂(一种强力胶接剂，用于粘合瓷器、塑料等) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Aramaic /ærəˈmeiik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a branch of the Semitic family of languages, esp. the language of Syria used as a lingua franca in the Near East from the sixth century BC, later dividing into varieties one of which included Syriac and Mandaean 阿拉姆语(属闪米特语族的一支，尤指自公元前 6 世纪在近东作为国际交际语使用的叙利亚语) ●adj.  of or in Aramaic 阿拉姆语的；用阿拉姆语写的 [Latin Aramaeus from Greek Aramaios ‘of Aram’ (biblical name of Syria)]

Aran /ˈær(ə)n/ attrib. adj.  designating a type of knitwear or garment with traditional patterns, esp. involving raised cable stitch and large diamond designs (指一类针织品或服装)带有传统图案的(尤指缝有凸起的粗线和菱形图案) [from the Aran islands off the W. coast of Ireland]

Aranda /əˈrændə/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 Arunta /əˈrʌntə/)  1 (pl. same 单复同 or -s)  a member of an Aboriginal people of central Australia 阿兰达人(澳大利亚中部的土著居民) 2  the language spoken by this people 阿兰达语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Aranda or their language 阿兰达族人的；阿兰达语的 [Aboriginal]

arapaima /ærəˈpaimə/ n.  a very large edible S. American freshwater fish, Arapaima gigas 巨骨舌鱼(南美一种大型食用淡水鱼) [Tupi]

arational /eiˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  that does not purport to be rational 非理性的，没有理性的

araucaria /ærəˈkɛəriə/ n.  an evergreen conifer of the genus Araucaria, native to the southern hemisphere, e.g. the monkey-puzzle tree 南洋杉(产于南半球，如智利杉树) [modern Latin from Arauco, the name of a province in Chile]

Arawak /ˈærəwæk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Arawaks)  1  any of several related languages spoken by American Indian peoples of the Caribbean and parts of S. America 阿拉瓦克语(南美及加勒比地区印第安人诸相关语言) 2  a member of one of these peoples 阿拉瓦克人

arb /ɑ:b/ n. colloq. [口]  = ARBITRAGEUR  [abbreviation]

arbalest /ˈɑ:bəlest/ n. (also 亦作 arblast /ˈɑ:blɑ:st/) hist.  a crossbow with a mechanism for drawing the string [史义] (中世纪的)劲弩 [Old English arblast via Old French arbaleste and Late Latin arcubalista from Latin arcus ‘bow’ + BALLISTA]

arbiter /ˈɑ:bitə/ n. (fem. arbitress /-tris/)  1  a  an arbitrator in a dispute 仲裁人，公断人b  a judge; an authority 裁决人；权威机构  arbiter of taste  品尝师 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a person who has entire control of something (对某事物)拥有绝对控制权的人 [Latin]

arbiter elegantiarum /ˌeliɡæntiˈɑ:rəm/ n. (also 亦作 arbiter elegantiae /eliˈɡæntiai/)  a judge of artistic taste and etiquette 艺术品位和礼仪的评判人

arbitrage /ˈɑ:bitridʒ, ɑ:biˈtrɑ:ʒ/ n.  the buying and selling of stocks or bills of exchange to take advantage of varying prices in different markets 套利交易，套购；套汇 [French, from arbitrer (as ARBITRATE)]

arbitrageur /ˌɑ:bitrɑ:ˈʒɜ:/ n. (also 亦作 arbitrager /ˈɑ:bitridʒə/)  a person who engages in arbitrage 套购商；套汇掮客 [French]

arbitral /ˈɑ:bitr(ə)l/ adj.  concerning arbitration 仲裁的，公断的 [French arbitral or Late Latin arbitralis: see ARBITER]

arbitrament /ɑ:ˈbitrəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the deciding of a dispute by an arbiter 仲裁，公断；裁决，裁判 2  an authoritative decision made by an arbiter 仲裁结论，裁决结果 [Middle English via Old French arbitrement from medieval Latin arbitramentum (as ARBITRATE, -MENT)]

arbitrary /ˈɑ:bit(rə)ri/ adj.  1  based on or derived from uninformed opinion or random choice; capricious 任意的，武断的，恣意的 2  despotic 专制的，暴虐的 □ arbitrarily  adv.  □ arbitrariness  n.   [Latin arbitrarius or French arbitraire (as ARBITER, -ARY1)]

arbitrate /ˈɑ:bitreit/ v. tr. & intr.  decide by arbitration 进行仲裁，作出公断 [Latin arbitrari ‘judge’]

arbitration /ɑ:biˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the settlement of a dispute by an arbitrator 仲裁，公断 [Middle English via Old French from Latin arbitratio -onis (as ARBITER, -ATION)]

arbitrator /ˈɑ:bitreitə/ n.  a person appointed to settle a dispute; an arbiter 仲裁人，公断人 □ arbitratorship  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin (as ARBITRATION, -OR1)]

arbitress  see 见 ARBITER 

arblast var.  of ARBALEST  ARBALEST 的变体

arbor1 /ˈɑ:bə/ n.  1  an axle or spindle on which something revolves 柄轴；心轴 2  a device holding a tool in a lathe etc. (车床等上的)工具支架 [French arbre ‘tree, axis’, from Latin arbor]

arbor2 US var.  of ARBOUR [美] ARBOUR 的变体

arboraceous /ɑ:bəˈreiʃəs/ adj.  1  treelike 似树的，树状的 2  wooded 多树的，树木繁茂的 [Latin arbor ‘tree’ + -ACEOUS]

Arbor Day /ˈɑ:bə/ n.  a day dedicated annually to public tree-planting in the US, Australia, and other countries (美国、澳大利亚等国的)植树节 [Latin arbor ‘tree’]

arboreal /ɑ:ˈbɔ:riəl/ adj.  of, living in, or connected with trees 树的，乔木的；生活在树上的；与树木有关的 [Latin arboreus, from arbor ‘tree’]

arboreous /ɑ:ˈbɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  wooded 多树的，树木繁茂的 2  arboreal 树的，乔木的；栖于树上的

arborescent /ɑ:bəˈres(ə)nt/ adj.  treelike in growth or general appearance 树木状的 □ arborescence  n.   [Latin arborescere ‘grow into a tree’, from arbor ‘tree’]

arboretum /ɑ:bəˈri:təm/ n. (pl. arboretums or arboreta /-tə/)  a botanical garden devoted to trees 树木园，植物园 [Latin, from arbor ‘tree’]

arboriculture /ˈɑ:b(ə)rikʌltʃə, ɑ:ˈbɔ:r-/ n.  the cultivation of trees and shrubs 树木栽培，林木业 □ arboricultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ arboriculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [Latin arbor -oris ‘tree’, on the pattern of agriculture]

arborization /ɑ:b(ə)raiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  a treelike arrangement esp. in anatomy (尤指解剖学中的)树状结构

arbor vitae /ˌɑ:bə ˈvaiti:, ˈvi:tai/ n.  = THUJA  [Latin, = tree of life]

arbour /ˈɑ:bə/ n. (US [美] arbor)  a shady garden alcove with the sides and roof formed by trees or climbing plants; a bower (树枝或攀援植物交叉而成的)藤架，棚架；凉亭 □ arboured  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French erber and Old French erbier, from erbe ‘herb’, from Latin herba: phonetic change to ar- assisted by association with Latin arbor ‘tree’]

arbovirus /ˈɑ:bəvairəs/ n. Med.  any of a group of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, etc., and causing disease, e.g. yellow fever 【医】(由蚊、虱等传播的)虫传病毒(如传染黄热病等) [arthropod-borne + VIRUS]

arbutus /ɑ:ˈbju:təs, ˈɑ:bjʊtəs/ n.  1  an evergreen tree or shrub of the genus Arbutus (heath family), with white or pink clusters of flowers and reddish berries, esp. the strawberry tree, A. unedo 杨梅属植物(石南科，尤指草莓树) 2 US [美]  = TRAILING ARBUTUS  [Latin]

ARC abbr. [缩略]  1 hist. (in the UK) Agricultural Research Council [史义] (英国)农业研究委员会 2  Aids-related complex 与艾滋病有关的综合症状

arc /ɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  part of the circumference of a circle or any other curve 弧，弓形 2 Electr.  a luminous discharge between two electrodes 【电】电弧，弧光 ●v. intr. (arced /ɑ:kt/; arcing /ˈɑ:kiŋ/)  form an arc 呈弧形；形成电弧 [Middle English via Old French from Latin arcus ‘bow, curve’]

arcade /ɑ:ˈkeid/ n.  1  a passage with an arched roof 拱廊 2 esp. Brit.  any covered walk, esp. with shops along one or both sides [尤英] (尤指旁边有商店的)拱廊人行道 3 Archit.  a series of arches supporting or set along a wall 【建】(支撑墙壁的)连拱柱廊 4  = AMUSEMENT ARCADE  □ arcaded  adj.  □ arcading  n.   [French via Provençal arcada or Italian arcata from Romanic: related to ARCH1]

Arcadian /ɑ:ˈkeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an idealized peasant or country dweller, esp. in poetry (尤指诗歌中)过田园式恬淡生活的人的 ●adj. poet.  of or relating to Arcady; ideally rustic [诗]阿卡狄亚的；田园牧歌似的 □ Arcadianism  n.   [Latin Arcadius from Greek Arkadia, a mountain district in the Peloponnese]

Arcady /ˈɑ:kədi/ n. poet.  an ideal rustic paradise [诗] (像阿卡狄亚那样生活恬淡的)世外桃源 [Greek Arkadia: see ARCADIAN]

arcane /ɑ:ˈkein/ adj.  mysterious, secret; understood by few 神秘的；秘密的；晦涩难懂的 □ arcanely  adv.   [French arcane or Latin arcanus, from arcēre ‘shut up’ from arca ‘chest’]

arcanum /ɑ:ˈkeinəm/ n. (pl. arcana /-nə/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a mystery; a profound secret 秘密；奥秘 [Latin, neut. of arcanus: see ARCANE]

arch1 /ɑ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a curved structure as an opening or a support for a bridge, roof, floor, etc. 拱；拱门；拱形结构b  an arch used in building as an ornament (建筑的)拱形装饰 2  any arch-shaped curve, e.g. as on the inner side of the foot, the eyebrows, etc. 拱形；拱形物(如足弓、眉毛等) ●v.  1 tr.  provide with or form into an arch 使成拱形，使成弓形 2 tr.  span like an arch 拱形连接，拱形跨越 3 intr.  form an arch 拱起，成弓形 [Middle English from Old French arche, ultimately from Latin arcus ‘arc’]

arch2 /ɑ:tʃ/ adj.  self-consciously or affectedly playful or teasing 故作诡秘的；装模作样的；调皮的 □ archly  adv.  □ archness  n.   [ARCH-, originally in arch rogue etc.]

arch- /ɑ:tʃ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  chief, superior (archbishop 大主教 ; archdiocese 大主教管区 ; archduke 大公) 主要的，为首的 2  pre-eminent of its kind (esp. in unfavourable senses) (arch-enemy 主要敌人) 极度的，极端的(尤用于贬义) [Old English arce- or Old French arche-, ultimately from Greek arkhos ‘chief’]

Archaean /ɑ:ˈki:ən/ adj. & n. (US [美] Archean) ●adj.  of or relating to the earlier part of the Precambrian era, characterized by the absence of life (cf. 参见 PROTEROZOIC) (无生命存在的)太古代的 ●n.  this period 太古代 [Greek arkhaios ‘ancient’, from arkhē ‘beginning’]

archaeology /ɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi/ n. (US also [美亦] archeology)  the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of physical remains 考古学 □ archaeologic  /-ˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ archaeological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ archaeologically  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ archaeologist  n.  □ archaeologize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin archaeologia from Greek arkhaiologia ‘ancient history’ (as ARCHAEAN, -LOGY)]

archaeopteryx /ɑ:kiˈɒptəriks/ n.  the oldest known fossil bird, Archaeopteryx lithographica, of the late Jurassic period, which has wings and feathers like a bird, but teeth and a bony tail like a reptile 始祖鸟(已知最古老的化石鸟，侏罗纪晚期生物，翼和羽毛像鸟，牙和尾像爬行动物) [Greek arkhaios ‘ancient’ + pterux ‘wing’]

archaic /ɑ:ˈkeiik/ adj.  1  a  antiquated 古老的，陈旧的b (of a word etc.) no longer in ordinary use, though retained for special purposes (词语等)古体的，(除特殊用途外)已不通用的 2  primitive 原始的 3  of an early period of art or culture, esp. the 7th － 6th c. BC in Greece (艺术或文化)早期的，创始期的(尤指公元前 6 至 7 世纪的)古代希腊 □ archaically  adv.   [French archaïque from Greek arkhaïkos (as ARCHAEAN)]

archaism /ˈɑ:keiiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the retention or imitation of the old or obsolete, esp. in language or art (尤指语言或艺术的)古风，古体；拟古主义 2  an archaic word or expression 古语，古文 □ archaistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek arkhaïsmos, from arkhaïzō (as ARCHAIZE, -ISM)]

archaize /ˈɑ:keiaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  imitate archaic style, expression, etc. 仿古；用古体，用古语 2 tr.  make (a work of art, literature, etc.) imitate the archaic in style etc. 使(文学、艺术等)有古风 [Greek arkhaïzō ‘be old-fashioned’, from arkhaios ‘ancient’]

archangel /ˈɑ:keindʒ(ə)l, ɑ:kˈein-/ n.  1  an angel of the highest rank 天使长(最高一级的天使) 2  a member of the eighth order of the nine ranks of heavenly beings (see 见 ORDER n. 19) (九级天使中的)第八级天使 □ archangelic  /-ænˈdʒelik/ adj.   [Old English via Anglo-French archangele and ecclesiastical Latin archangelus from ecclesiastical Greek arkhaggelos (as ARCH-, ANGEL)]

archbishop /ɑ:tʃˈbiʃəp, esp. in titles 尤用于头衔 ˈɑ:tʃ-/ n.  the chief bishop of a province (一个省的)大主教，主教长 [Old English (as ARCH-, BISHOP)]

archbishopric /ɑ:tʃˈbiʃəprik/ n.  the office or diocese of an archbishop 大主教的职位(或教区) [Old English (as ARCH-, BISHOPRIC)]

archdeacon /ɑ:tʃˈdi:kən, esp. in titles 尤用于头衔 ˈɑ:tʃ-/ n.  1  an Anglican cleric ranking below a bishop 执事长(英国国教中次于主教职务者) 2  a member of the clergy of similar rank in other Churches (其他教会中的)执事长，领班神父 □ archdeaconry  n. (pl. -ies)  □ archdeaconship  n.   [Old English arce-, ercediacon, via ecclesiastical Latin archidiaconus from ecclesiastical Greek arkhidiakonos (as ARCH-, DEACON)]

archdiocese /ɑ:tʃˈdaiəsis/ n.  the diocese of an archbishop 大主教之管区 □ archdiocesan  /ɑ:tʃdaiˈɒsis(ə)n/ adj.  

archduke /ˈɑ:tʃdju:k/ n. (fem. archduchess /-dʌtʃis/) hist.  the chief duke (esp. as the title of a son of the Emperor of Austria) [史义]大公(尤指奥地利皇太子) □ archducal  adj.  □ archduchy  /-dʌtʃi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Old French archeduc from medieval Latin archidux -ducis (as ARCH-, DUKE)]

Archean US var.  of ARCHAEAN [美] ARCHAEAN 的变体

archegonium /ɑ:kiˈɡəʊniəm/ n. (pl. archegonia /-iə/) Bot.  the female sex organ in mosses, ferns, conifers, etc. 【植】藏卵器(苔藓、蕨类、松类的雌性器官) [Latin, diminutive of Greek arkhegonos from arkhe- ‘chief’ + gonos ‘race’]

arch-enemy /ɑ:tʃˈenəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a chief enemy 公敌，主要敌人 2  the Devil 魔鬼

archeology US var.  of ARCHAEOLOGY [美] ARCHAEOLOGY 的变体

archer /ˈɑ:tʃə/ n.  1  a person who shoots with a bow and arrows 弓箭手，射手 2 (作 the Archer)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Sagittarius 人马星座 [Anglo-French from Old French archier, ultimately from Latin arcus ‘bow’]

archer fish n.  a SE Asian fish that catches flying insects by shooting water at them from its mouth 射水鱼，喷水鱼(产于东南亚的一种能口中喷水捕捉飞虫的鱼)

archery /ˈɑ:tʃəri/ n.  shooting with a bow and arrows, esp. as a sport (尤指体育运动)射箭，箭术 [Old French archerie from archier (as ARCHER, -ERY)]

archetype /ˈɑ:kitaip/ n.  1  a  an original model; a prototype 原型b  a typical specimen 典型 2 (in Jungian psychology) a primitive mental image inherited from man's earliest ancestors, and supposed to be present in the collective unconscious (荣格心理学中的)原始意象(指从人类最早祖先那儿继承下来的、可能存在于集体无意识中的理念) 3  a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, etc. (文学、艺术作品等中反复出现的)象征；主题 □ archetypal  /-ˈtaip(ə)l/ adj.  □ archetypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin archetypum from Greek arkhetupon (as ARCH-, tupos ‘stamp’)]

Archibald /ˈɑ:tʃibəld, ˈɑ:tʃibɔ:ld/   阿奇博尔德 [人名]

archidiaconal /ˌɑ:kidaiˈæk(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to an archdeacon 执事长的；领班神父的 □ archidiaconate  /-nət, -neit/ n.   [medieval Latin archidiaconalis (as ARCH-, DIACONAL)]

Archie /ˈɑ:tʃi/   阿奇 [人名]

archiepiscopal /ˌɑ:kiiˈpiskəp(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to an archbishop 大主教的 □ archiepiscopate  /-pət, -peit/ n.   [ecclesiastical Latin archiepiscopus from Greek arkhiepiskopos ‘archbishop’]

archil var.  of ORCHIL  ORCHIL 的变体

archimandrite /ɑ:kiˈmændrait/ n.  1  the superior of a large monastery or group of monasteries in the Orthodox Church (东正教的)大修道院院长 2  an honorary title given to a monastic priest 修道院名誉院长 [French archimandrite or ecclesiastical Latin archimandrita, from ecclesiastical Greek arkhimandrites (as ARCH-, mandra ‘monastery’)]

Archimedean /ɑ:kiˈmi:diən/ adj.  of or associated with the Greek mathematician Archimedes (d. 212 BC) 阿基米德(古希腊数学家，卒于公元前 212 年)的

Archimedean screw n.  a device of ancient origin for raising water by means of a spiral within a tube (源于古代的用于提水的)阿基米德螺旋泵

Archimedes' principle /ɑ:kiˈmi:di:z/ n.  the law that a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward force equal in magnitude to the weight of fluid it displaces (液体对其中物体的浮力等于该物体排开的液体重量的)阿基米德定律

archipelago /ɑ:kiˈpeləɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a group of islands 群岛 2  a sea with many islands 多岛屿的海 [Italian arcipelago, from Greek arkhi- ‘chief’ + pelagos ‘sea’ (originally = the Aegean Sea)]

architect /ˈɑ:kitekt/ n.  1  a designer who prepares plans for buildings, ships, etc., and supervises their construction 建筑师；(船舶等的)设计师 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person who brings about a specified thing 缔造者，创造者  the architect of his own fortune  他自己命运的创造者 [French architecte from Italian architetto, or their source Latin architectus from Greek arkhitektōn (as ARCH-, tektōn ‘builder’)]

architectonic /ˌɑ:kitekˈtɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to architecture or architects 建筑的；建筑师的 2  of or relating to the systematization of knowledge (知识)系统化的，体系化的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  the scientific study of architecture 建筑学 2  the study of the systematization of knowledge (知识)体系论，系统论 [Latin architectonicus from Greek arkhitektonikos (as ARCHITECT)]

architecture /ˈɑ:kitektʃə/ n.  1  the art or science of designing and constructing buildings 建筑学；建筑术 2  the style of a building as regards design and construction 建筑风格，建筑式样 3  buildings or other structures collectively 建筑物，构造物(总称) 4  the conceptual structure and logical organization of a computer or computer-based system (计算机(或计算机系统)的)结构框架，逻辑系统 □ architectural  /-ˈtektʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ architecturally  /-ˈtektʃ(ə)r(ə)li/ adv.   [French architecture or Latin architectura, from architectus (as ARCHITECT)]

architrave /ˈɑ:kitreiv/ n.  1 (in classical architecture) a main beam resting across the tops of columns (古典建筑的)柱顶过梁，楣梁 2  the moulded frame around a doorway or window (门、窗等的)框缘，嵌线 3  a moulding round the exterior of an arch (拱门的)头线条板 [French from Italian (as ARCH-, trave from Latin trabs trabis ‘beam’)]

archive /ˈɑ:kaiv/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a collection of esp. public or corporate documents or records (尤指公共部门或公司的)文件集，档案；大宗记录 2  the place where these are kept 档案室，档案馆 ●v. tr.  1  place or store in an archive 存档，归档 2 Computing  transfer (data) to a less frequently used file, e.g. from disc to tape 【计算】把(数据)存档(例如将磁盘文件存入磁带) □ archival  /ɑ:ˈkaiv(ə)l/ adj.   [French archives (pl.) via Latin archi(v)a from Greek arkheia ‘public records’, from arkhē ‘government’]

archivist /ˈɑ:kivist/ n.  a person who maintains and is in charge of archives 档案保管员

archivolt /ˈɑ:kivəʊlt/ n.  1  a band of mouldings round the lower curve of an arch 拱缘；拱门内侧装饰线条 2  the lower curve itself from impost to impost of the columns (拱圈内面的)穹隆形 [French archivolte or Italian archivolto (as ARC, VAULT)]

archlute /ˈɑ:tʃl(j)u:t/ n.  a bass lute with an extended neck and unstopped bass strings 低音诗琴 [French archiluth (as ARCH-, LUTE1)]

archon /ˈɑ:kən/ n.  each of the nine chief magistrates in ancient Athens (古雅典的)执政官(共有九个) □ archonship  n.   [Greek arkhōn ‘ruler’ (pres. part. of arkhō ‘rule’) used as a noun]

archway /ˈɑ:tʃwei/ n.  1  a vaulted passage 拱廊，拱道 2  an arched entrance 拱门

Archy /ˈɑ:tʃi/   阿奇 [人名]

arc lamp n. (also 亦作 arc light)  a light source using an electric arc 电弧灯，弧光灯

arcology /ɑ:ˈkɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an ideal city that is fully integrated with its natural environment (与周围自然环境完全融为一体的)理想城市 [blend of ARCHITECTURE and ECOLOGY]

Arctic /ˈɑ:ktik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the north polar regions 北极的；北极地区的 2 (作 arctic) colloq. (esp. of weather) very cold [口] (尤指天气)极冷的，严寒的 3 (作 arctic)  designed for use in arctic conditions 适用于极地的  arctic clothing  极地服装 ●n.  1  the regions north of the Arctic Circle 北极，北极地区 2 (作 arctic) esp. US  a thick waterproof overshoe [尤美]厚型防水套鞋 [Middle English via Old French artique and Latin ar(c)ticus from Greek arktikos, from arktos ‘bear, Ursa Major, pole star’]

Arctic Circle n.  the parallel of latitude 66°33 ′ N., forming an imaginary line round the Arctic regions 北极圈(大致在北纬 66°33 ′的纬圈)

Arctic Ocean n.  the partly ice-covered expanse of ocean surrounding the North Pole 北冰洋

arcuate /ˈɑ:kjʊət/ adj.  shaped like a bow; curved 弓形的；弧形的 [Latin arcuatus, past part. of arcuare ‘curve’, from arcus ‘bow, curve’]

arcus senilis /ˌɑ:kʊs seˈni:lis/ n.  a narrow opaque band commonly encircling the cornea in old age 老人弓，角膜弓(角膜周围的不透明狭带，常见于老年人) [Latin, literally ‘senile bow’]

arc welding n.  a method of welding using an electric arc to melt metals to be welded 电弧焊(法)

-ard /əd, ɑ:d/ suffix  1  forming nouns in depreciatory senses (drunkard 酒鬼 ; sluggard 懒鬼) 构成贬义名词 2  forming nouns in other senses (bollard 系船柱 ; Spaniard 西班牙人 ; wizard 男巫) 构成其他含意的名词 [Middle English & Old French from German -hard ‘hard, hardy’]

ardent /ˈɑ:d(ə)nt/ adj.  1  eager, zealous; (of persons or feelings) fervent, passionate 热切的，热心的；(人或感情)炽热的；热情的 2  burning 燃烧的 □ ardency  n.  □ ardently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French ardant from Latin ardens -entis, from ardēre ‘burn’]

ardour /ˈɑ:də/ n. (US [美] ardor)  zeal; burning enthusiasm; passion 热衷，热忱；狂热；激情 [Middle English via Old French from Latin ardor -oris, from ardēre ‘burn’]

arduous /ˈɑ:djʊəs/ adj.  1  hard to achieve or overcome; laborious, strenuous 艰难的；艰苦的；费劲的 2  steep, difficult 险峻的，难行的  an arduous path  险峻的小路 □ arduously  adv.  □ arduousness  n.   [Latin arduus ‘steep, difficult’]

are1 /ɑ:/ 2nd sing. present & 1st, 2nd, 3rd pl. present  of BE BE 的第二人称现在时和第一、第二、第三人称复数现在时

are2 /ɑ:/ n.  a metric unit of measure, equal to 100 square metres 公亩(等于 100 平方米) [French, from Latin AREA]

area /ˈɛəriə/ n.  1  the extent or measure of a surface 面积  over a large area  大面积范围地 3 acres in area  面积 3 英亩 the area of a triangle  一个三角形的面积 2  a region or tract 地区，地域  the southern area  南方地区 3  a space allocated for a specific purpose (作为某一特殊用途的)区域，地方，场地  dining area  就餐区 camping area  野营区 4  the scope or range of an activity or study (活动或研究的)领域，范围 5  a sunken enclosure giving access to the basement of a building (通向建筑物地下室的)凹地；采光井 6 (prec. by 前接 the) Football 【足球】  = PENALTY AREA  □ areal  adj.   [Latin, = vacant piece of level ground]

areaway /ˈɛəriəwei/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AREA 5 

areca /ˈærikə, əˈri:kə/ n.  a tropical Asian palm of the genus Areca (槟榔属亚洲热带棕榈)槟榔树；槟榔 [Portuguese from Malayalam ɑˊdekka]

areca nut n.  the astringent seed of a species of areca, A. catechu Also called 亦称作 betel-nut 槟榔子，槟榔果

areg pl.  of ERG2  

arena /əˈri:nə/ n.  1  the central part of an amphitheatre etc., where contests take place 竞技场；圆形露天剧场的中心部份 2  a scene of conflict; a sphere of action or discussion (冲突、行动或论战的)场所；范围 [Latin (h)arena ‘sand, sand-strewn place of combat’]

arenaceous /æriˈneiʃəs/ adj.  1 (of rocks) containing sand; having a sandy texture (岩石)含沙的；沙质的 2  sandlike 似沙的 3 (of plants) growing in sand (植物)生长于沙地的 [Latin arenaceus (as ARENA, -ACEOUS)]

arena stage n.  a stage situated with the audience all round it (四周环绕观众席的)圆形舞台

aren't /ɑ:nt/ contr. [缩合]  1  are not  2 (in interrog. 用于疑问句)  am not  aren't I coming too?  要我也来吗？ 

areola /əˈri:ələ/ n. (pl. areolae /-li:/)  1 Anat.  a circular pigmented area, esp. that surrounding a nipple 【解】乳晕 2  any of the spaces between lines on a surface, e.g. of a leaf or an insect's wing (任何表面的线条之间的)细缝；(叶脉或昆虫翅膀上的)网隙 □ areolar  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of area AREA]

argali /ˈɑ:ɡ(ə)li/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a large Asiatic wild sheep, Ovis ammon, with massive horns 盘羊(一种产于亚洲的有巨角体型较大的野羊) [Mongolian]

argent /ˈɑ:dʒ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. Heraldry  silver; silvery white 【纹章学】银；银白色 [French, from Latin argentum]

argentiferous /ɑ:dʒ(ə)nˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  containing natural deposits of silver 含银的；有银矿的 [Latin argentum + -FEROUS]

Argentina   阿根廷

Argentine /ˈɑ:dʒ(ə)ntain/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Argentinian /-ˈtiniən/) ●adj.  of or relating to Argentina in S. America 阿根廷的 ●n.  1  a native or national of Argentina 阿根廷人 2  a person of Argentine descent 阿根廷血统的人 □ the Argentine   Argentina 阿根廷 [Spanish Argentina from Latin argentum ‘silver’ (a major historical export)]

argentine /ˈɑ:dʒ(ə)ntain/ adj.  of silver; silvery 银(色)的；银一般的 [French argentin from argent ‘silver’]

Argentinian /ˌɑ:dʒənˈtiniən/ adj. & n.  阿根廷的(人)

argil /ˈɑ:dʒil/ n.  clay, esp. that used in pottery 白黏土，陶土 □ argillaceous  adj.   [French argille via Latin argilla from Greek argillos, from argos ‘white’]

arginine /ˈɑ:dʒini:n/ n.  a basic amino acid present in many animal proteins and an essential nutrient in the vertebrate diet 精氨酸(一种在许多种动物蛋白质中都存在的氨基酸) [German Arginin, perhaps from Greek arginoeis ‘bright-shining, white’]

Argive /ˈɑ:ɡaiv, -dʒaiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Argos in ancient Greece (古希腊)阿尔戈斯的 2 literary (esp. in Homeric contexts) Greek [文学用语] (尤荷马史诗)希腊的；希腊人的 ●n.  1  a citizen of Argos 阿尔戈斯人 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) literary  a Greek [文学用语]希腊人 [Latin Argivus from Greek Argeios]

argol /ˈɑ:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  crude potassium hydrogen tartrate 粗酒石 [Middle English from Anglo-French argoile, of unknown origin]

argon /ˈɑ:ɡɒn/ n. Chem.  an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group, forming almost 1 per cent of the earth's atmosphere (symbol 符 Ar) 【化】(惰性气体元素)氩 [Greek, neut. of argos ‘idle’ (as A-1 + ergon ‘work’)]

argosy /ˈɑ:ɡəsi/ n. (pl. -ies) poet.  a large merchant ship, originally esp. from Ragusa (now Dubrovnik) or Venice [诗] (早期尤指来自拉古萨或威尼斯的)大商船 [probably Italian Ragusea (nave) ‘Ragusan (vessel)’]

argot /ˈɑ:ɡəʊ/ n.  the jargon of a group or class, formerly esp. of criminals (旧时尤指不法分子用的)行话，黑话 [French: ultimate origin unknown]

arguable /ˈɑ:ɡjʊəb(ə)l/ adj.  open to argument or disagreement; debatable 有商榷余地的；可辩论的，可争议的 □ arguably  adv.  

argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ v. (argues, argued, arguing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, about, etc.)  exchange views or opinions, especially heatedly or contentiously (with a person) 争论，辩论 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  indicate; maintain by reasoning 表明；证明 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, against)  reason 劝说  argued against joining  劝说不要加入 4 tr.  treat by reasoning 论证，推理  argue the point  论证这一点 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  persuade 说服  argued me into going  说服我前去 □ argue the toss  esp. Brit. colloq.  dispute a decision or choice already made [尤英口]对已经决定的事提出不同意见□ arguer  n.   [Middle English via Old French arguer from Latin argutari ‘prattle’, frequentative of arguere ‘make clear, prove, accuse’]

argufy /ˈɑ:ɡjʊfai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq.  argue excessively or tediously [口] (为琐事过份地)争执不休 [fanciful from ARGUE: cf. SPEECHIFY]

argument /ˈɑ:ɡjʊm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an exchange of views, esp. a contentious or prolonged one 争论，争执；争吵 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  a reason advanced; a reasoning process 论点，论据  an argument for abolition  主张废除的一个论据 3  a summary of the subject matter or line of reasoning of a book (书籍等的)梗概，内容提要 4 Math.  an independent variable determining the value of a function 【数】(确定函数值的)自变数；辐角，幅度 [Middle English via Old French from Latin argumentum, from arguere (as ARGUE, -MENT)]

argumentation /ˌɑ:ɡjʊmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  methodical reasoning 推论，论证 2  debate or argument 争论，辩论 [French from Latin argumentatio, from argumentari (as ARGUMENT, -ATION)]

argumentative /ɑ:ɡjʊˈmentətiv/ adj.  1  fond of arguing; quarrelsome 好辩论的；爱争吵的 2  using methodical reasoning 推论的，论证的 □ argumentatively  adv.  □ argumentativeness  n.   [French argumentatif -ive or Late Latin argumentativus (as ARGUMENT, -ATIVE)]

argument from design n. (in Christian theology) the argument that God's existence is provable by the evidence of design in the universe (基督教神学)上帝之存在可以通过宇宙结构证实的论点

Argus /ˈɑ:ɡəs/ n.  1  a watchful guardian 警惕的卫士 2  an Asiatic pheasant having markings on its tail resembling eyes 大雉(亚洲的一种尾羽上有眼状斑点的野鸡) 3  a butterfly having markings resembling eyes 眼蝶(一种翅膀上有眼状斑点的蝴蝶) [Middle English via Latin from Greek Argos, the name of a mythical watchman with a hundred eyes]

Argus-eyed adj.  vigilant 警惕的，警戒的

argute /ɑ:ˈɡju:t/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  sharp or shrewd 犀利的；敏锐的；精明的 2 (of sounds) shrill (声音)尖的，尖声刺耳的 [Middle English from Latin argutus, past part. of arguere: see ARGUE]

argy-bargy /ˌɑ:dʒiˈbɑ:dʒi, ˌɑ:ɡiˈbɑ:ɡi/ n. & v. joc. esp. Brit. [诙] [尤英] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a dispute or wrangle 争执，口角 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  quarrel, esp. loudly 吵架(尤指大声) [originally Scots]

aria /ˈɑ:riə/ n. Mus.  a long accompanied song for solo voice in an opera, oratorio, etc. 【音】(歌剧、清唱剧等中的)独唱曲，咏叹调 [Italian, = tune, air]

Arian /ˈɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an adherent of the doctrine of Arius of Alexandria (4th c.), who denied the divinity of Christ 信奉阿里乌教义者，阿里乌派 ●adj.  of or concerning this doctrine 阿里乌教义的 □ Arianism  n.  

-arian /ˈɛəriən/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns meaning ‘(one) concerned with or believing in’ (agrarian 有关土地的 ; antiquarian 古文物研究者 ; humanitarian 人道主义者 ; vegetarian 素食者) 构成形容词或名词，意为“关于…(的)”或“相信…(的)” [Latin -arius (see -ARY1)]

arid /ˈærid/ adj.  1  a (of ground, climate, etc.) dry, parched (土地、气侯等)干旱的，干燥的b  too dry to support vegetation; barren (因过于干旱而)贫瘠荒芜的，不毛之地的 2  uninteresting 枯燥的，无趣味的  arid verse  枯燥的诗文 □ aridity  /əˈriditi/ n.  □ aridly  adv.  □ aridness  n.   [French aride or Latin aridus, from arēre ‘be dry’]

ariel /ˈɛəriəl/ n.  a Middle Eastern and African gazelle, Gazella arabica 瞪羚(一种产于中东和非洲的羚羊) [Arabic ˈaryal]

Aries /ˈɛəri:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 Astron. 【天】  a small constellation (the Ram), said to represent the ram whose Golden Fleece was sought by Jason and the Argonauts 白羊(星)座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the first sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox (about 20 Mar.) 白羊宫(黄道第一宫，太阳在春分时，即大约 3 月 20 日左右进入该宫)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于白羊宫时段的人 □ Arian  /-riən/ adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin, = ram]

aright /əˈrait/ adv.  rightly 正确地，恰当地 [Old English (as A2, RIGHT)]

aril /ˈæril/ n. Bot.  an extra seed-covering, often coloured and hairy or fleshy, e.g. the red fleshy cup around a yew seed 【植】假种皮(通常彩色、多毛、肉质，如紫杉种子的红色花萼) □ arillate  adj.   [modern Latin arillus, of unknown origin: cf. medieval Latin arilli ‘dried grape-stones’]

arioso /æriˈəʊzəʊ, ɑ:-/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  in a melodious songlike style 咏叙调的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a piece of music to be performed in this way 咏叙调 [Italian, from ARIA]

-arious /ˈɛəriəs/ suffix  forming adjectives (gregarious 群居的 ; vicarious 代理的) 构成形容词 [Latin -arius (see -ARY1) + -OUS]

arise /əˈraiz/ v. intr. (past arose /əˈrəʊz/; past part. arisen /əˈriz(ə)n/)  1  begin to exist; originate 形成；产生；发端于 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, out of)  result 起因于，出于  accidents can arise from carelessness  事故会因为大意而引起 3  come to one's notice; emerge 引起注意；出现  the question of payment arose  付款的问题出现了 4 archaic or poet.  rise or get up [古义] [诗]起立，起身；起床 [Old English ɑˉrīsan (as A-2, RISE)]

arisings /əˈraiziŋz/ n. pl.  materials forming the secondary or waste products of industrial operations 副产品；废弃物；工业废料

aristocracy /æriˈstɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the highest class in society; the nobility 上层社会；贵族b  the nobility as a ruling class 贵族阶级 2  a  government by the nobility or a privileged group 贵族统治；特权阶级统治b  a state governed in this way 贵族统治的国家，贵族社会 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the best representatives or upper echelons 杰出代表，精英分子  aristocracy of intellect  知识分子精英 aristocracy of labour  工人贵族b  any group which is privileged or is regarded as superior 特权阶层 [French aristocratie from Greek aristokratia, from aristos ‘best’ + kratia (as -CRACY)]

aristocrat /ˈæristəkræt, əˈrist-/ n.  a member of the nobility 贵族(成员) [French aristocrate (as ARISTOCRATIC)]

aristocratic /ˌæristəˈkrætik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the aristocracy 贵族的 2  a  distinguished in manners or bearing 举止不凡的，贵族气派的b  grand; stylish 壮观的，显赫的；神气的 □ aristocratically  adv.   [French aristocratique from Greek aristokratikos (as ARISTOCRACY)]

Aristotelian /ˌæristəˈti:liən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (d. 322 BC) 亚里士多德学派的人 ●adj.  of or concerning Aristotle or his ideas 亚里士多德的；亚里士多德学派的

Aristotle's lantern /ˈæristɒt(ə)lz/ n. Zool.  a conical structure of calcareous plates and muscles supporting the rasping teeth of a sea urchin 【动】亚里士多德之灯(支撑着海胆锉牙的锥状钙质与肌肉组织)

Arita /əˈri:tə/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a type of Japanese porcelain characterized by asymmetric decoration 有田瓷器(产于日本，以其不对称花纹著称) [the town of Arita in Japan, where it is made]

arithmetic n. & adj. ●n. /əˈriθmətik/  1  a  the science of numbers 算术，算学b  one's knowledge of this 算术知识；算术能力  have improved my arithmetic  提高了我的算术能力 2  the use of numbers; computation 演算，计算  a problem involving arithmetic  一道需要计算的难题 ●adj. /æriθˈmetik/ (also 亦作 arithmetical /-ˈmetik(ə)l/)  of or concerning arithmetic 算术的；计算的 □ arithmetician  /əriθməˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French arismetique and Latin arithmetica from Greek arithmētikē (tekhnē) ‘art of counting’, from arithmos ‘number’]

arithmetic mean n.  the central number in an arithmetic progression (算术级数的)算术中项，算术平均(值)，等差中项

arithmetic progression n.  1  an increase or decrease by a constant quantity 算术级数，等差级数 (e.g. 例如 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 9, 7, 5, 3, etc.) 2  a sequence of numbers showing this 等差数列

arithmetic series n.  a series in arithmetic progression 算术级数序列；等差数列

-arium /ˈɛəriəm/ suffix  forming nouns usu. denoting a place (aquarium 水族馆 ; planetarium 天文馆) 构成名词，通常表示地点 [Latin, neut. of adjs. ending in -arius: see -ARY1]

Ariz. abbr.  Arizona [缩略] (美国)亚利桑那州

Ark. abbr.  Arkansas [缩略] (美国)阿肯色州

ark /ɑ:k/ n.  1  = NOAH'S ARK 1  2 archaic  a chest or box [古义]箱子，盒子 □ out of the ark  colloq.  very antiquated [口]极陈旧的，非常古老的 [Old English œrc from Latin arca ‘chest’]

Arkansas /ˈɑ:kənsɔ:/ n.  阿肯色河 [美国]

Ark of the Covenant n. (also 亦作 Ark of the Testimony)  a chest or cupboard containing the scrolls or tables of Jewish Law 圣约柜(内装有犹太法律书卷的箱子或柜子)

arm1 /ɑ:m/ n.  1  each of the two upper limbs of the human body from the shoulder to the hand 胳膊，臂膀 2  a  the forelimb of an animal (动物的)前肢b  the flexible limb of an invertebrate animal (e.g. an octopus) (章鱼等无脊椎动物的)腕触手 3  a  the sleeve of a garment 袖子b  the side part of a chair etc., used to support a sitter's arm (椅子等的)扶手c  a thing resembling an arm in branching from a main stem 臂状物；分支  an arm of the sea  海湾d  a large branch of a tree 大树枝 4  a control; a means of reaching 控制力；威力；手段  arm of the law  法律的威力 5  a subsidiary company or specialist branch of a business, institution, etc. (公司的)部门，分部；(机关的)附属部门 □ an arm and a leg  colloq.  a large sum of money [口]一大笔资金□ arm in arm  (of two or more persons) with arms linked (两个或更多人)臂挽臂□ as long as your (or my) arm  colloq.  very long [口]很长，特别长□ at arm's length   1  as far as an arm can reach 一臂之远，伸手可及之处 2  far enough to avoid undue familiarity 保持一定距离(以免过分亲昵)□ in arms  (of a baby) too young to walk (婴儿)尚不能行走□ in a person's arms   embraced 在某人的环抱中；被某人拥抱着□ on one's arm   supported by one's arm 在(某人)手臂的支撑□ under one's arm   between the arm and the body 夹在腋下□ within arm's reach   reachable without moving one's position 伸手可及□ with open arms   cordially 热烈地，友好地□ armful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ armless  adj.   [Old English, from Germanic]

arm2 /ɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a weapon 武器b  = FIREARM  2 (in pl. 用复数)  the military profession 军人职业，军事工作 3  a branch of the military (e.g. infantry, cavalry, artillery, etc.) 军种，兵种(例如步兵、骑兵、炮兵等) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  heraldic devices 纹章，徽章  coat of arms  盾徽 ●v. tr. & refl.  1  supply with weapons 用武器装备 2  supply with tools or other requisites or advantages 提供；配备  armed with the truth  用真理武装起来 3  make (a bomb etc.) able to explode 使(炸弹等)可爆炸 □ in arms   armed 武装着的□ lay down one's arms   cease fighting 放下武器，停止战斗□ take up arms   begin fighting 开始战斗□ under arms   ready for war or battle 准备好战争(或战斗)□ up in arms  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, about)  actively rebelling 武装反叛□ armless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French armes (pl.), armer (v.), from Latin arma ‘arms, fittings’]

armada /ɑ:ˈmɑ:də/ n.  a fleet of warships, esp. that sent by Spain against England in 1588 舰队；(尤指西班牙于 1588 年进攻英国的)无敌舰队 [Spanish, from Romanic armata ‘army’]

armadillo /ɑ:məˈdiləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a nocturnal insect-eating edentate mammal of the family Dasypodidae, native to Central and S. America, with large claws for digging and a body covered in bony plates, often rolling itself into a ball when threatened 犰狳(一种产于中南美洲、食昆虫的贫齿目夜行哺乳动物，受到威胁时经常把身子卷缩成球状) [Spanish, diminutive of armado ‘armed man’ from Latin armatus, past part. of armare ‘to arm’]

Armageddon /ɑ:məˈɡed(ə)n/ n.  1 (in the New Testament) (据《新约全书》):a  the last battle between good and evil before the Day of Judgement (世界末日前夕的)善恶大决战b  the place where this will be fought 善恶大决战的战场 2  a bloody battle or struggle on a huge scale 伤亡惨重的大战 [Greek, from Hebrew har megiddōn ‘hill of Megiddo’: see Rev. 16:16]

armament /ˈɑ:məm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  military weapons and equipment, esp. guns on a warship 武器，军械，火力装备(尤指军舰上的炮) 2  the process of equipping for war 军备 3 archaic  a force equipped for war [古义]作战部队 [Latin armamentum (as ARM2, -MENT)]

armamentarium /ɑ:məmenˈtɛəriəm/ n. (pl. armamentaria /-riə/)  1  a set of medical equipment or drugs (医药的)设备，全套配备 2  the resources available to a person engaged in a task 补给，物质支持 [Latin, = arsenal]

armature /ˈɑ:mətʃə, -tjə/ n.  1  a  the rotating coil or coils of a dynamo or electric motor (发电机或电动机的)转子，电枢b  any moving part of an electrical machine in which a voltage is induced by a magnetic field (由磁场产生电压的)电机活动部件 2  = KEEPER 6  3 Biol.  the protective covering of an animal or plant 【生】(动植物的)防护器官 4  a metal framework on which a sculpture is moulded with clay or similar material (泥塑或其他雕塑的)金属骨架 5 archaic  arms; armour [古义]武器；盔甲 [French, from Latin armatura ‘armour’ (as ARM2, -URE)]

armband /ˈɑ:mbænd/ n.  a band worn around the upper arm to hold up a shirtsleeve or as a form of identification etc. (箍袖子用)臂带；袖章

armchair n.  1 /ɑ:mˈtʃɛə, ˈɑ:m-/  a comfortable, usu. upholstered, chair with side supports for the arms 扶手椅 2 /ˈɑ:mtʃɛə/ (作 attrib.)  theoretical rather than active or practical 空想的；闲适的；不切实际的  an armchair critic  一位空想的批评家

armed forces n. pl.  the army, navy, and air force as fighting resources (陆海空三军)武装部队

Armenia   亚美尼亚

Armenian /ɑ:ˈmi:niən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Armenia in the Caucasus (高加索地区的)亚美尼亚人b  a person of Armenian descent 亚美尼亚血统的人 2  the language of Armenia 亚美尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Armenia, its language, or the Christian Church established there c. 300 亚美尼亚人的；亚美尼亚语的；亚美尼亚基督教教会的

armhole /ˈɑ:mhəʊl/ n.  each of two holes in a garment through which the arms are put, usu. into a sleeve (衣服的)袖孔

armiger /ˈɑ:midʒə/ n.  a person entitled to heraldic arms 有资格佩戴军衔纹章的人 [Latin, = bearing arms, from arma ‘arms’ + gerere ‘bear’]

armillary sphere n. hist.  a representation of the celestial globe constructed from metal rings and showing the equator, the tropics, etc. [史义]浑天仪 [modern Latin armillaris from armilla ‘bracelet’]

Arminian /ɑ:ˈminiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to the doctrine of Arminius, a Dutch Protestant theologian (d. 1609), who opposed the views of Calvin, esp. on predestination (荷兰基督教新教神学家)阿米尼乌斯派教义的 ●n.  an adherent of this doctrine 阿米尼乌斯派信徒 □ Arminianism  n.  

armistice /ˈɑ:mistis/ n.  a stopping of hostilities by common agreement of the opposing sides; a truce 停战，休战；停战协定 [French armistice or modern Latin armistitium, from arma ‘arms’ (ARM2) + -stitium ‘stoppage’]

Armistice Day n.  the anniversary of the armistice of 11 Nov. 1918 (cf. 参见 REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY) 停战纪念日 (1918 年 11 月 11 日)

armlet /ˈɑ:mlit/ n.  1  a band worn round the arm 臂章 2  a small inlet of the sea, or branch of a river 小海湾；河汊

armlock /ˈɑ:mlɒk/ n.  a close hold by the arm in wrestling or judo (摔跤或柔道中的)锁臂，反扭手臂擒拿

armoire /ɑ:ˈmwɑ:/ n.  a cupboard or wardrobe, esp. one that is ornate or antique (尤指华丽或古典的)壁柜，衣橱 [French: see AUMBRY]

armor US var.  of ARMOUR [美] ARMOUR 的变体

armorer US var.  of ARMOURER [美] ARMOURER 的变体

armory1 /ˈɑ:məri/ n. (pl. -ies)  heraldry 纹章学 □ armorial  /ɑ:ˈmɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Old French armoierie: see ARMOURY]

armory2 US var.  of ARMOURY [美] ARMOURY 的变体

armour /ˈɑ:mə/ n. & v. (US [美] armor) ●n.  1  a defensive covering, usu. of metal, formerly worn to protect the body in fighting 盔甲，甲胄 2  a (in full 全称 armour-plate)  a protective metal covering for an armed vehicle, ship, etc. (装甲车、军舰等的)装甲，铁甲；装甲钢板b  armoured fighting vehicles collectively 装甲车(总称) 3  a protective covering or shell on certain animals and plants (某些动物或植物的)保护层；甲壳 4  heraldic devices 纹章图案 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 armoured adj.)  provide with a protective covering, and often with guns 给…装上盔甲；为…提供防御  armoured car  装甲汽车 armoured train  装甲火车 [Middle English via Old French armure from Latin armatura: see ARMATURE]

armourer /ˈɑ:mərə/ n. (US [美] armorer)  1  a maker or repairer of arms or armour 枪械制造者(或修理者) 2  an official in charge of a ship's or a regiment's arms (船舰或兵团武器的)军械士 [Anglo-French armurer, Old French -urier (as ARMOUR, -ER5)]

armoury /ˈɑ:məri/ n. (US also [美亦] armory) (pl. -ies)  1  a place where arms are kept; an arsenal 军械库，武器库 2  an array of weapons, defensive resources, usable material, etc. (一批)武器、弹药 3 US  a place where arms are manufactured [美]武器制造厂，兵工厂 4 (in pl. 用复数) (in Canada) a place where militia units drill and train (加拿大)部队操练场 [Middle English from Old French armoirie, armoierie from armoier ‘to blazon’, from arme ARM2: assimilated to ARMOUR]

armpit /ˈɑ:mpit/ n.  1  the hollow under the arm at the shoulder ; also called 亦称作 AXILLA 腋窝，夹肢窝 2 N. Amer. colloq.  a place or part considered disgusting or contemptible  the armpit of the world  世界的肮脏角落 [北美口]龌龊之地，肮脏的角落

armrest /ˈɑ:mrest/ n.  = ARM1 3b 

arms control n.  international disarmament or arms limitation, esp. by mutual agreement (尤指国际间达成协议的)军备控制

arms race n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons 军备竞赛

arm-twisting n. colloq.  persuasion by the use of physical force or (esp.) moral pressure [口] (通过施加压力，尤道义压力的)说服；强迫

arm-wrestling n.  a trial of strength in which each party tries to force the other's arm down on to a table on which their elbows rest 扳腕子(比手劲)

army /ˈɑ:mi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an organized force armed for fighting on land 陆军 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the military profession 军人职业 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a very large number 大量，大批  an army of locusts  大批蝗虫 an army of helpers  大批帮手 4  an organized body regarded as fighting for a particular cause (任何为一定目的奋斗的有组织的)团体  Salvation Army  救世军 [Middle English via Old French armee from Romanic armata, fem. past part. of armare ‘arm’]

army ant n.  any ant of the subfamily Dorylinae, foraging in large groups 行军蚁(任何集体搜寻食物的属于行军蚁亚科的蚁类)

Army List n. (in the UK) an official list of commissioned officers (英国)陆军军官名册

army worm n.  any of various moth or fly larvae occurring in destructive swarms 群蛾，群虫(任何具有破坏性的大群飞蛾或幼虫)

arnica /ˈɑ:nikə/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Arnica (daisy family), having erect stems bearing yellow daisy-like flower heads, e.g. mountain tobacco 山金车花 2  a medicine prepared from this, used for bruises etc. 山金车酊(一种药，用于治疗擦伤等) [modern Latin: ultimate origin unknown]

Arnold /ˈɑ:nld/   阿诺德 [人名]

aroid /ˈɛərɔid/ adj.  of or relating to the family Araceae, including arums 天南星科植物的 [ARUM + -OID]

aroma /əˈrəʊmə/ n.  1  a fragrance; a distinctive and pleasing smell, often of food 芳香，香气；(常指食物的)香味 2  a subtle pervasive quality 风味；韵味 [Latin, from Greek arōma -atos ‘spice’]

aromatherapy /ərəʊməˈθerəpi/ n.  the use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils in massage or other treatment 芳香疗法(指使用芬芳植物提取物或油脂进行按摩或其他治疗) □ aromatherapeutic  /-ˈpju:tik/ adj.  □ aromatherapist  n.  

aromatic /ærəˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fragrant, spicy; (of a smell) pleasantly pungent 芬芳的，馥郁的；(味道)芳香的，别有风味的 2 Chem. (of an organic compound) having an unsaturated ring, esp. containing a benzene ring 【化】(有机化合物)芳香族的 ●n.  an aromatic substance 芳香物质 □ aromatically  adv.  □ aromaticity  /ærəməˈtisiti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French aromatique and Late Latin aromaticus from Greek arōmatikos (as AROMA, -IC)]

aromatize /əˈrəʊmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  convert (a compound) into an aromatic structure 【化】使芳香；使(化合物)芳构化 □ aromatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

arose past  of ARISE.  

around /əˈraʊnd/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  1  on every side; all round; round about 在…四周；围绕，环绕 2  in various places; here and there; at random 四处，各处；随便地  fool around  四处游荡 shop around  四处采购 3 colloq. [口]  a  in existence; available 存在，有  has been around for weeks  已存在几周时间了b  near at hand 在手头，在旁边  it's good to have you around  有你在旁边真好 4  approximately 大约  around 400 people attended  大约 400 人出席了 ●prep.  1  on or along the circuit of (成环型)围绕，沿着 2  on every side of; enveloping 在…周围；包围 3  here and there in; here and there near 到处；在…附近各处  chairs around the room  房间到处摆放的椅子 4 N. Amer. (and increasingly Brit.) [北美]  (亦渐见于英)a  round 拐弯，拐角  the church around the corner  拐角处的教堂b  approximately at; at a time near to 大约，前后  come around four o'clock  4 点左右来到 happened around June  发生在 6 月前后 □ have been around  colloq.  be widely experienced [口]经验丰富的，见过世面的 [A2 + ROUND]

arouse /əˈrɑʊz/ v. tr.  1  induce; call into existence (esp. a feeling, emotion, etc.) 唤起；引起(感情等) 2  awake from sleep 睡醒，醒来 3  stir into activity 激发；活跃起来 4  stimulate sexually 引起性欲 □ arousable  adj.  □ arousal  n.   [A-2 + ROUSE]

arpeggio /ɑ:ˈpedʒiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  the notes of a chord played in succession, either ascending or descending 【音】琶音(连续演奏的升或降的和弦音) [Italian, from arpeggiare ‘play the harp’ from arpa ‘harp’]

arquebus var.  of HARQUEBUS  HARQUEBUS 的变体

arr. abbr. [缩略]  1 Mus.  arranged by 【音】改编者 2  arrives 到达

arrack /ˈærək/ n. (also 亦作 arak /əˈræk/)  an alcoholic spirit, esp. distilled from coco sap or rice (尤指用椰汁或稻米酿制的)亚力酒，烧酒 [Arabic ˈarak ‘sweat’, ˈarak al-tamr ‘alcoholic spirit from dates’]

arraign /əˈrein/ v. tr.  1  indict before a tribunal; accuse 传讯，提审；指控 2  find fault with; call into question (an action or statement) 责难，非难；对(行为或言论)提出疑问 □ arraignment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French arainer from Old French araisnier (ultimately as AD-, Latin ratio -onis ‘reason, account’)]

arrange /əˈrein(d)ʒ/ v.  1 tr.  put into the required order; classify 整理；分类 2 tr.  plan or provide for; cause to occur 筹划，安排；促成  arranged a meeting  安排会议 3 tr.  settle beforehand the order or manner of 事先准备 4 intr.  take measures; form plans; give instructions 采取措施；制定计划；给予指示  arrange to be there at eight  安排 8 点钟到那里 arranged for a taxi to come  安排一辆出租车过来 will you arrange about the cake?  你来分蛋糕吧！ 5 intr.  come to an agreement 达成协议；商定  arranged with her to meet later  和她商定以后再会面 6 tr.  a Mus.  adapt (a composition) for performance with instruments or voices other than those originally specified 【音】改编(乐曲以适合乐器演奏或演唱)b  adapt (a play etc.) for broadcasting 改编(剧本等以适于广播) 7 tr. archaic  settle (a dispute, claim, etc.) [古义]解决，调解(纠纷、索赔等) □ arrangeable  adj.  □ arranger  n. (esp. in sense 6 尤用于释义 6)   [Middle English from Old French arangier, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + rangier RANGE]

arrangement /əˈrein(d)ʒm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or process of arranging or being arranged 安排，料理；整理 2  the condition of being arranged; the manner in which a thing is arranged 排列，布置 3  something arranged 安排的事项；整理的东西 4 (in pl. 用复数)  plans, measures 计划；措施  make your own arrangements  做好你自己的计划 5 Mus.  a composition arranged for performance by different instruments or voices (see 见 ARRANGE 6a) 【音】(乐曲的)改编；改编曲 6  settlement of a dispute etc. (纠纷等的)调解，调停 [French (as ARRANGE, -MENT)]

arrant /ˈær(ə)nt/ attrib. adj.  downright, utter, notorious 彻头彻尾的，十足的；声名狼藉的  arrant liar  彻头彻尾的骗子 arrant nonsense  一派胡言 □ arrantly  adv.   [Middle English, variant of ERRANT, originally in phrases like arrant (= outlawed, roving) thief]

arras /ˈærəs/ n. hist.  a rich tapestry, often hung on the walls of a room, or to conceal an alcove [史义]花毯，挂毯 [from Arras, a town in NE France famous for the fabric]

array /əˈrei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an imposing or well-ordered series or display 整齐的一批；排列 2  an ordered arrangement, esp. of troops (尤指军队)队列，队形；编队  battle array  战斗队形 3 poet.  an outfit or dress [诗]衣冠，服装  in fine array  衣冠楚楚 4  a Math.  an arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; a matrix 【数】矩阵b Computing  an ordered set of related elements 【计算】数组，阵列 5 Law  a list of jurors empanelled 【法律】选任的陪审员名单 ●v. tr.  1  deck, adorn 装饰，打扮 2  set in order; marshal (forces) 排列；排成顺序；集合(部队) 3 Law  empanel (a jury) 【法律】选任(陪审员) [Middle English from Anglo-French araier, Old French areer, ultimately from Latin ad AR- + a Germanic root meaning ‘prepare’]

arrears /əˈriəz/ n. pl.  an amount still outstanding or uncompleted, esp. work undone or a debt unpaid 未完部分；(尤指)未完成的工作；应付欠款 □ in arrears (or arrear)   behindhand, esp. in payment 滞后；拖欠(尤指付款)□ arrearage  n.   [Middle English (originally as adv.) via Old French arere from medieval Latin adretro (as AD-, retro ‘backwards’): first used in the phrase in arrear]

arrest /əˈrest/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  seize (a person) and take into custody, esp. by legal authority (尤指被司法机关)逮捕；拘留b  seize (a ship) by legal authority (依法)扣留(船只) 2  stop or check (esp. a process or moving thing) 阻碍，阻止(尤指某一进程或运动着的事物) 3  a  attract (a person's attention) 吸引(注意力)b  attract the attention of (a person) 引起(某人)注意 ●n.  1  the act of arresting or being arrested, esp. the legal seizure of a person 逮捕；被捕 2  a stoppage or check 阻隔，阻止  cardiac arrest  心肌梗塞 □ arrest of judgement  Law  the staying of proceedings, notwithstanding a verdict, on the grounds of a material irregularity in the course of the trial 【法律】(因审判过程中的重大违规而对陪审团裁决采取的)延期判决，暂缓判决□ arrestingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French arester, ultimately from Latin restare ‘remain, stop’]

arrestable /əˈrestəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  susceptible of arrest 可以逮捕的；易阻断的 2 Law (esp. of an offence) such that the offender may be arrested without a warrant 【法律】(尤指犯罪)可无证逮捕的

arrester /əˈrestə/ n. (also 亦作 arrestor)  a device, esp. on an aircraft carrier, for slowing an aircraft by means of a hook and cable after landing (尤指航空母舰上制止飞机继续滑行的)制动装置，制动钩索

arrestment /əˈres(t)m(ə)nt/ n. esp. Sc.  attachment of property for the satisfaction of a debt [尤苏格兰] (抵偿债款的)财产扣押

arrhythmia /əˈriðmiə/ n. Med.  deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart 【医】心率失常，心率不齐 [Greek arruthmia ‘lack of rhythm’ (as A-1, RHYTHM, -IA1)]

arris /ˈæris/ n. Archit.  a sharp edge formed by the meeting of two flat or curved surfaces 【建】(两个平面或曲面相交而成的)尖脊，棱角 [corruption from French areste, modern ARÊTE]

arrival /əˈraiv(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of arriving 到达，到来b  an appearance on the scene 出现 2  a person or thing that has arrived 到达者；到达物 [Middle English from Anglo-French arrivaille (as ARRIVE, -AL)]

arrive /əˈraiv/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  1  reach a destination; come to the end of a journey or a specified part of a journey 到达，抵达  arrived in Tibet  到达西藏 arrived at the station  到达车站 arrived late  迟到 2 (foll. by 后跟 at)  reach (a conclusion, decision, etc.) 得到，达成(结论、决定等) 3 colloq.  establish one's reputation or position [口]建立(某人的)威信(或地位) 4 colloq. (of a child) be born [口] (孩子)出生，出世 5 (of a thing) be brought (东西)送到，运到  the flowers have arrived  那些花已经到了 6 (of a time) come (某时刻)到来  her birthday arrived at last  她的生日终于到了 [Middle English, in the sense ‘reach the end of a voyage’, from Old French ariver, ultimately as AD- + Latin ripa ‘shore’]

arriviste /æri:ˈvi:st/ n.  an ambitious or ruthlessly self-seeking person 一心想发迹的人；野心勃勃者；疯狂追求私利者 [French from arriver (as ARRIVE, -IST)]

arrière-pensée /æriɛəˈpɒnsei, 法 arjɛrpɑ˜se/ n.  1  an undisclosed motive 秘而不宣的动机 2  a mental reservation 保留在心里的想法 [French, = behind thought]

arrogant /ˈærəɡ(ə)nt/ adj. (of a person, attitude, etc.) aggressively assertive or presumptuous; overbearing (指人、态度等)傲慢的，自大的 □ arrogance  n.  □ arrogantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as ARROGATE, -ANT)]

arrogate /ˈærəɡeit/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to oneself)  claim (power, responsibility, etc.) without justification 僭充，诈称；自称 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  attribute unjustly (to a person) 无正常理由地把…归属于(某人) □ arrogation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin arrogare arrogat- (as AD-, rogare ‘ask’)]

arrondissement /æˈrɒndi:smɑ˜, ærɒnˈdi:smɑ˜/ n.  1  a subdivision of a French department, for local government administration purposes 郡(法国的政区) 2  an administrative district of a large city, esp. Paris (尤指巴黎等大城市的)区 [French]

arrow /ˈærəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sharp pointed wooden or metal stick shot from a bow as a weapon 箭，矢 2  a drawn or printed etc. representation of an arrow indicating a direction; a pointer (画的或印制的、用以指示方向的)箭头；指针 ●v.  1 intr.  move like an arrow; move swiftly 箭一般穿过；飞速运动 2 tr. (as 作 arrowed adj.)  provided or marked with an arrow or arrows 用箭头指示，用箭头标出 □ arrowy  adj.   [Old English ar(e)we via Old Norse ör from Germanic]

arrow-grass n.  a marsh plant of the genus Triglochin 海韭菜(一种洼地植物)

arrowhead /ˈærəʊhed/ n.  1  the pointed end of an arrow 箭头 2  a water plant, Sagittaria sagittaria, with arrow-shaped leaves 慈菇(一种有箭头状叶子的水生植物) 3  a decorative device resembling an arrowhead 箭头状饰物

arrowroot /ˈærə(ʊ)ru:t/ n.  a plant of the family Marantaceae, esp. Maranta arundinacea of the W. Indies, from which a starch is prepared and used for nutritional and medicinal purposes (尤指产于西印度的)竹芋；竹芋粉(用作营养品或药品) [alteration of Arawak aru-aru (literally ‘meal of meals’) by assimilation to ARROW and ROOT1, the tubers having been used to absorb poison from arrow wounds]

arrow worm n.  = CHAETOGNATH 

arroyo /əˈrɔiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US [美]  1  a usu. dry gully cut by a stream, esp. in arid regions (尤指干旱地区的)小河谷，干旱的山沟 2  a brook or stream 小溪，小河 [Spanish]

arse /ɑ:s/ n. & v. (N. Amer. [北美] ass /æs/) coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●n.  the buttocks 屁股，臀部 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, around)  play the fool 犯傻，干蠢事 [Old English œrs]

arsehole /ˈɑ:shəʊl/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] asshole /ˈæs-/) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  the anus 屁眼，肛门 2 offens.  a term of contempt for a person [冒犯]混蛋，笨蛋

arse-licking n. (N. Amer. [北美] ass-licking) coarse slang  obsequiousness for the purpose of gaining favour; toadying [粗俗俚语]拍马屁，无耻献媚 □ arse-licker  n.  

arsenal /ˈɑ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ n.  1  a store of weapons 军械库 2  a government establishment for the storage and manufacture of weapons and ammunition (政府的)兵工厂，军火库 3  resources of anything compared with weapons (e.g. abuse), regarded collectively (比喻)武库，宝库 [obsolete French arsenal or Italian arzanale from Arabic dɑˉrsinɑˉˈa, from dɑˉr ‘house’ + sinɑˉˈa ‘art, industry’ from sanaˈa ‘fabricate’]

arsenic n. & adj. ●n. /ˈɑ:s(ə)nik/  1 (in full 全称 white arsenic)  a non-scientific name for arsenic trioxide, a highly poisonous white powdery substance used in weedkillers, rat poison, etc. (用于除草、灭鼠等的)三氧化二砷，砒霜 2 Chem.  a brittle semi-metallic element, used in semiconductors and alloys (symbol 符 As) 【化】(化学元素)砷 ●adj. /ɑ:ˈsenik/  1  of or concerning arsenic 砷的 2 Chem.  containing arsenic with its higher valency of five 【化】含有五价砷的 □ arsenious  /ɑ:ˈsi:niəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin arsenicum from Greek arsenikon ‘yellow orpiment’, identified with arsenikos ‘male’, but in fact from Arabic al-zarnī, from al ‘the’ + zarnīk ‘orpiment’, ultimately from Persian zar ‘gold’]

arsenical /ɑ:ˈsenik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or containing arsenic 砷的；含砷的 ●n.  a drug containing arsenic 砷剂

arsenious /ɑ:ˈsi:niəs/ adj. Chem.  containing arsenic with its lower valency of three 【化】含有三价砷的

arsine /ˈɑ:si:n/ n. Chem.  arsenic trihydride, a colourless poisonous gas smelling slightly of garlic 【化】(含有轻微蒜味的无色毒气)砷化三氢 [ARSENIC on the pattern of amine]

arsis /ˈɑ:sis/ n. (pl. arses /-si:z/)  a stressed syllable or part of a metrical foot in Greek or Latin verse (opp. 反义词 THESIS 3) (古希腊或拉丁诗中音步的)强音节，强音部 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, = lifting, from airō ‘raise’]

arson /ˈɑ:s(ə)n/ n.  the act of maliciously setting fire to property 纵火 □ arsonist  n.   [legal Anglo-French, Old French, via medieval Latin arsio -onis from Latin ardēre ars- ‘burn’]

arsphenamine /ɑ:sˈfenəmi:n, -in/ n.  a drug formerly used in the treatment of syphilis and parasitic diseases 六○六，胂凡纳明(一种原用于治疗梅毒和寄生性病害的药品) [ARSENIC + PHENYL + AMINE]

art1 /ɑ:t/ n.  1  a  human creative skill or its application 艺术b  work exhibiting this 艺术作品 2  a (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  the various branches of creative activity concerned with the production of imaginative designs, sounds, or ideas, e.g. painting, music, writing, considered collectively (各种门类的)艺术(如绘画、音乐、写作等)b  any one of these branches (上述其中的一门)艺术 3  creative activity, esp. painting and drawing, resulting in visual representation 美术(尤指绘画和图画)  interested in music but not art  喜欢音乐但不喜欢美术 4  human skill or workmanship as opposed to the work of nature (与自然造物相对的)人为设计；人工  art and nature had combined to make her a great beauty  人工加上天然造就了她的绝色 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a skill, aptitude, or knack 技巧；才能；窍门  the art of writing clearly  写得清楚明白的技巧 keeping people happy is quite an art  取悦人颇是一门技巧 6 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  those branches of learning (esp. languages, literature, and history) associated with creative skill as opposed to scientific, technical, or vocational skills (区别于理、工科、职业技能的)文科(尤指语言、文学、历史) [Middle English via Old French from Latin ars artis]

art2 /ɑ:t/ archaic or dial. [古义] [方] 2nd sing. present  of BE 

art. abbr. [缩略]  article 

art deco /ˈdekəʊ/ n.  the predominant decorative art style of the period 1910 － 30, characterized by precise and boldly delineated geometric motifs, shapes, and strong colours (1910 至 1930 年流行的以几何图形和强烈颜色为主调的)装饰派艺术 [shortened from French art décoratif, from the 1925 Exposition des Arts décoratifs in Paris]

artefact /ˈɑ:tifækt/ n. (US [美] artifact)  1  a product of human art and workmanship 人工制品 2 Archaeol.  a product of prehistoric or aboriginal workmanship as distinguished from a similar object naturally produced 【考古】(有别于自然形成的)史前文物；原始手工艺品 3 Biol.  etc. a feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation (e.g. in the preparation of a microscope specimen) 【生】矫作物(一种非自然存在的形态，例如备制的显微镜标本) □ artefactual  adj. (in senses 1 and 2 用于释义 1 和 2)   [Latin arte (ablative of ars ‘art’) + factum (neut. past part. of facere ‘make’)]

artel /ɑ:ˈtel/ n.  an association of craftsmen, peasants, etc., in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union (前苏联之俄罗斯及其他一些国家由手工业者和农民等组成的)合作社 [Russian]

artemisia /ɑ:tiˈmizjə/ n.  an aromatic or bitter-tasting plant of the genus Artemisia (daisy family), which includes wormwood, mugwort, sagebrush, etc. 蒿属植物 [Latin from Greek, = wormwood, from Artemis, the name of a goddess, to whom it was sacred]

arterial /ɑ:ˈtiəriəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to an artery 动脉的  arterial blood  动脉血 2 (esp. of a road) main, important, esp. linking large cities or towns (尤指道路)主干的，干线的 [French artériel from artère ARTERY]

arterialize /ɑ:ˈtiəriəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  convert venous into arterial (blood) by reoxygenation esp. in the lungs (尤指在肺中)将静脉血充氧成为动脉血 2  provide with an arterial system 提供动脉系统 □ arterialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

arteriole /ɑ:ˈtiəriəʊl/ n.  a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries (导入毛细血管的)小动脉 [French artériole, diminutive of artère ARTERY]

arteriosclerosis /ɑ:ˌtiəriəʊskliəˈrəʊsis, -sklə-/ n.  the loss of elasticity and thickening of the walls of the arteries, esp. in old age; hardening of the arteries 动脉硬化 □ arteriosclerotic  /-ˈrɒtik/ adj.   [ARTERY + SCLEROSIS]

artery /ˈɑ:təri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying usu. oxygen-enriched blood from the heart (cf. 参见 VEIN 1a) 动脉 2  a main road or railway line 主要道路；铁路干线 □ arteritis  /-ˈraitis/ n.   [Middle English via Latin arteria from Greek artēria, probably from airō ‘raise’]

artesian well /ɑ:ˈti:ziən, -ʒ(ə)n/ n.  a well bored perpendicularly, esp. through rock, into water-bearing strata lying at an angle, so that natural pressure produces a constant supply of water with little or no pumping (尤指垂直钻于岩层的)自流井，喷水井 [French artésien from Artois, an old French province, where such wells were first made]

Artex /ˈɑ:teks/ n. propr.  a kind of plaster applied to give a textured finish, often in decorative patterns, to walls and ceilings [商标]阿特克斯墙纸(一种有纹理墙纸) [ART1 + TEXTURE]

art form n.  1  any medium of artistic expression 艺术形式 2  an established form of composition (e.g. the novel, sonata, sonnet, etc.) 创作的固定形式，格式(如小说，奏鸣曲，十四行诗等)

artful /ˈɑ:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person or action) crafty, deceitful (指人或行为)狡诈的，骗人的 2  skilful, clever 巧妙的，机灵的 □ artfully  adv.  □ artfulness  n.  

arthritis /ɑ:ˈθraitis/ n.  any of various diseases, esp. rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, involving pain and stiffness of the joints 关节炎 □ arthritic  /-ˈθritik/ adj. & n.   [Latin from Greek, from arthron ‘joint’]

arthropod /ˈɑ:θrəpɒd/ n. Zool.  any invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, with a segmented body, jointed limbs, and an external skeleton, e.g. an insect, spider, or crustacean 【动】(节肢门)节肢动物，节足动物(如昆虫、蜘蛛或甲壳类动物) [Greek arthron ‘joint’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

Arthur /ˈɑ:θə/   阿瑟 [人名]

Arthurian /ɑ:ˈθjʊəriən/ adj.  relating to or associated with King Arthur, the legendary British ruler, or his court (传奇英国统治者)亚瑟王的；亚瑟王朝的

artichoke /ˈɑ:titʃəʊk/ n.  1  a European plant, Cynara scolymus, allied to the thistle 洋蓟 2 (in full 全称 globe artichoke)  the flower head of the artichoke, the bracts of which have edible bases (see also 另见 JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE) 朝鲜蓟(其花苞可食用) [Italian articiocco from Arabic al-karšūfa]

article /ˈɑ:tik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  an item or commodity, usu. not further distinguished 物件；商品，货品  a collection of odd articles  一批零散货品 2  a non-fictional essay, esp. one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, journal, etc. (尤指报刊、杂志等上面的)文章；报道 3  a  a particular part (具体的)条款，条文  an article of faith  信条b  a separate clause or portion of any document 契约；章程  articles of apprenticeship  学徒契约 4 Gram.  the definite or indefinite article 【语法】冠词 ●v. tr.  bind by articles of apprenticeship 以学徒契约约束；订契约将…收为学徒 [Middle English via Old French from Latin articulus, diminutive of artus ‘joint’]

articled clerk n.  a trainee solicitor 实习律师

article of virtu n.  an article interesting because of its workmanship, antiquity, rarity, etc. 精品；古董；稀罕物

articular /ɑ:ˈtikjʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to the joints 关节的 [Middle English from Latin articularis (as ARTICLE, -AR1)]

articulate adj. & v. ●adj. /ɑ:ˈtikjʊlət/  1  able to speak fluently and coherently 说话流利的；善于表达的，口才好的 2 (of sound or speech) having clearly distinguishable parts (指声音或讲话)发音清晰的 3  having joints 有关节的 ●v. /ɑ:ˈtikjʊleit/  1 tr.  a  pronounce (words, syllables, etc.) clearly and distinctly 清晰地吐(字)；清晰地发(音)b  express (an idea etc.) coherently 连贯表达(思想等) 2 intr.  speak distinctly 清楚地说话  was quite unable to articulate  已根本不能把话说清楚 3 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  connect by joints 用接头(或关节)连接 4 tr.  mark with apparent joints 连接，联系 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  form a joint 形成连接，衔接 □ articulacy  n.  □ articulately  adv.  □ articulateness  n.  □ articulator  n.   [Latin articulatus (as ARTICLE, -ATE2)]

articulated lorry n. Brit.  a lorry consisting of two or more sections connected by a flexible joint [英]铰接式卡车，载重拖车

articulation /ɑ:ˌtikjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of speaking 说话；发音b  articulate utterance; speech 表达；话语 2  a  the act or a mode of jointing 连接；连接方式b  a joint 接头，衔接处 [French articulation or Latin articulatio, from articulare ‘joint’ (as ARTICLE, -ATION)]

artifact US var.  of ARTEFACT [美] ARTEFACT 的变体

artifice /ˈɑ:tifis/ n.  1  a clever device; a contrivance 巧计；奸计；妙想 2  a  cunning 狡猾，狡诈b  an instance of this 狡诈行为 3  skill, dexterity 技巧；手段 [French from Latin artificium, from ars artis ‘art’ + -ficium ‘making’ from facere ‘make’]

artificer /ɑ:ˈtifisə/ n.  1  an inventor 发明者，创造者 2  a craftsman 工匠，巧匠；技工 3  a skilled mechanic in the armed forces (部队中的)技术兵 [Middle English from Anglo-French, probably alteration of Old French artificien]

artificial /ɑ:tiˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  produced by human art or effort rather than originating naturally 人造的，非天然的  an artificial lake  人工湖 2  not real; imitation, fake 假的；仿制的  artificial flowers  假花 3  affected, insincere 装出的，做作的；虚伪的  an artificial smile  装出的微笑 □ artificiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ artificially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French artificiel or Latin artificialis (as ARTIFICE, -AL)]

artificial insemination n.  the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus other than by sexual intercourse 人工授精

artificial intelligence n.  the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as decision-making and speech recognition (有关能够完成需要人的智能的工作如决策和语音识别的计算机系统的理论和开发)人工智能

artificial kidney n.  an apparatus that performs the functions of the human kidney (outside the body), when one or both organs are damaged Also called 亦称作 kidney machine (体外)人工肾

artificial respiration n.  the restoration or initiation of breathing by manual or mechanical or mouth-to-mouth methods (用手工、器械或口对口做的)人工呼吸

artificial silk n.  rayon 人造丝，人造纤维

artillery /ɑ:ˈtiləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  large-calibre guns used in warfare on land (陆战用大口径)火炮，大炮 2  a branch of the armed forces that uses these 炮兵部队 □ artillerist  n.   [Middle English from Old French artillerie from artiller, alteration of atillier, atirier ‘equip, arm’]

artilleryman /ɑ:ˈtilərimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of the artillery 炮兵，炮手

artiodactyl /ɑ:tiə(ʊ)ˈdæktil/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the order Artiodactyla of ungulate mammals with two main toes on each foot, including camels, pigs, and ruminants (包括骆驼、猪、反刍动物等)偶蹄动物的 ●n.  an animal of this order 偶蹄类，偶蹄动物 [modern Latin Artiodactyla, from Greek artios ‘even’ + daktulos ‘finger, toe’]

artisan /ɑ:tiˈzæn, ˈɑ:tizæn/ n.  a skilled (esp. manual) worker; a craftsman (尤指手工的)技术工人，技工；工匠 [French from Italian artigiano, ultimately from Latin artitus, past part. of artire ‘instruct in the arts’]

artist /ˈɑ:tist/ n.  1  a painter 画家 2  a person who practises any of the arts 艺术家 3  an artiste 艺人，歌舞演员 4  a person who works with the dedication and attributes associated with an artist 能手，行家，大师  an artist in crime  犯罪行家 5 colloq.  a devotee; a habitual practiser of a specified (usu. reprehensible) activity [口]成癖者；专家  con artist  抬杠专家 □ artistry  n.   [French artiste from Italian artista (as ART1, -IST)]

artiste /ɑ:ˈti:st/ n.  a professional performer, esp. a singer or dancer (尤指歌唱或舞蹈)专业演员，艺人 [French: see ARTIST]

artistic /ɑ:ˈtistik/ adj.  1  having natural skill in art 有艺术天赋的 2  made or done with art 讲究艺术的 3  of art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的 □ artistically  adv.  

artless /ˈɑ:tlis/ adj.  1  guileless, ingenuous 不诡诈的；天真单纯的 2  not resulting from or displaying art 缺乏艺术的；无艺术修养的 3  clumsy 拙劣的，粗俗的 □ artlessly  adv.  

art nouveau /ɑ: nu:ˈvəʊ/ n.  a European art style of the late 19th c. characterized by flowing lines and natural organic forms 新艺术(一种流行于 19 世纪后期的以流畅线条和自然形态为主要特征的欧洲艺术风格) [French, = new art]

art of war n.  strategy and tactics 军事策略，战略战术

art paper n. Brit.  smooth-coated high-quality paper [英]上光的美术纸，铜版纸

arts and crafts n. pl.  decorative design and handicraft 装饰设计和手工艺

artwork /ˈɑ:twɜ:k/ n.  the illustrations in a printed work 艺术插图

arty /ˈɑ:ti/ adj. (also esp. N. Amer. [亦尤北美] artsy /ˈɑ:tsi/) (-ier, -iest) colloq.  pretentiously or affectedly artistic [口]装出艺术家气派的，附庸风雅的 □ artiness  n.  

arty-crafty adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  quaintly artistic 冒充有艺术价值的 2 (of furniture etc.) seeking stylistic effect rather than usefulness or comfort (家具等)追求观赏效果而不实用(或不舒适)的

arty-farty adj. (also 亦作 artsy-fartsy) colloq.  pretentiously artistic [口]故作风雅的

arugula /əˈru:ɡjʊlə/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = ROCKET2 2  [Italian dialect, ultimately diminutive of Latin eruca]

arum /ˈɛərəm/ n.  1  a plant of the European genus Arum, usu. stemless with arrow-shaped leaves and a white spathe, e.g. cuckoo-pint 海芋属植物 2  any of several other plants of the family Araceae 天南星科植物 [Latin, from Greek aron]

arum lily n. esp. Brit.  a tall lily-like aroid plant of the African genus Zantedeschia Also called 亦称作 calla lily [尤英]马蹄莲

Arunta var.  of ARANDA  ARANDA 的变体

arvo /ˈɑ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. slang  afternoon [澳] [俚语]下午 [abbreviation]

-ary1 /əri/ suffix  1  forming adjectives (budgetary 预算的 ; contrary 相反的 ; primary 主要的 ; unitary 单一的) 构成形容词 2  forming nouns (dictionary 字典 ; fritillary 贝母属植物 ; granary 谷仓 ; January 一月) 构成名词 [French -aire or Latin -arius ‘connected with’]

-ary2 /əri/ suffix  forming adjectives (military 军事的) 构成形容词 [French -aire or from Latin -aris ‘belonging to’]

Aryan /ˈɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the peoples speaking any of the languages of the Indo-European (esp. Indo-Iranian) family 雅利安人(操印欧语系任何语言的各族人民) 2  the parent language of this family 印欧语系语言 3 (in Nazi ideology) a Caucasian not of Jewish descent (纳粹所谓的)非犹太血统的白种人 ●adj.  of or relating to Aryan or the Aryans 印欧语系语言的；雅利安人的 [Sanskrit ɑˉryas ‘noble’]

aryl /ˈærail, -ril/ n. Chem.  a radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】芳基，芳烃基 [German Aryl (as AROMATIC, -YL)]

arête /əˈret, əˈreit/ n.  a sharp mountain ridge 陡峭的山脊，刃岭 [French, from Latin arista ‘ear of corn, fishbone, spine’]

AS abbr. [缩略]  Anglo-Saxon 

As symb. Chem.  the element arsenic [符]【化】(化学元素)砷

as1 /æz, əz/ adv., conj. & pron. ●adv. & conj. (adv. as antecedent in main sentence 用作主句中的先行词 ; conj. in relative clause expressed or implied 用于表明的或暗含的关系从句中)  ... to the extent to which ... is or does etc.  I am as tall as he  我和他一样高 am as tall as he is  和他一样高 am not so tall as he  不如他高 (colloq. [口]) am as tall as him  和他一般高 as many as six  多达 6 个 as recently as last week  就在上个星期 it is not as easy as you think  不像你想的那么简单  ●conj. (with relative clause expressed or implied 用于表明的或暗含的关系从句)  1 (with antecedent so)  expressing result or purpose (以 so 为先行词)表示结果或目的  came early so as to meet us  为见我们提早来了 we so arranged matters as to avoid a long wait  我们如此安排为的是避免久等 so good as to exceed all hopes  好得出乎所有企望 2 (with antecedent adverb omitted) having concessive force (先行副词省略)尽管，虽然  good as it is  = although it is good 尽管那很不错 try as he might  = although he might try 尽管他可能尝试 3 (without antecedent adverb 无先行副词)  a  in the manner in which 以…的方式；如同…一样  do as you like  按你喜欢的做 was regarded as a mistake  被视为一个错误 they rose as one man  他们像一个人一样起来反抗b  in the capacity or form of 以…身份(或形式)  I speak as your friend  我以你朋友身份说 Olivier as Hamlet  奥利维埃扮演哈姆雷特 as a matter of fact  其实c  during or at the time that 在…同时；当…时候  came up as I was speaking  在我说话时走过来 fell just as I reached the door  就在我到达门口时倒下d  for the reason that; seeing that 既然，由于；鉴于…  as you are here, we can talk  既然你在这儿，我们可以谈谈e  for instance 例如，诸如  cathedral cities, as York  诸如约克这样的大教区城市 ●rel. pron. (with verb of relative clause expressed or implied 与关系从句动词连用)  1  that, who, which 相当于 that, who 或 which  I had the same trouble as you  我有和你一样的麻烦 he is a writer, as is his wife  他是作家，他妻子也是 such money as you have  如你拥有的那些钱 such countries as France  像法国这样的国家 2 (with sentence as antecedent) a fact that (以句子为先行成分)事实上  he lost, as you know  他输了，这是你知道的 □ as and when   to the extent and at the time that 到…程度和当…时候  I'll do it as and when I want to  到了我想要做的时候，我就会去做□ as for   with regard to 至于  as for you, I think you are wrong  至于你，我认为你错了□ as from  esp. Brit.  on and after (a specified date) [尤英]从(某一日期)开始□ as if (or though)   as would be the case if 好像，似乎  acts as if he were in charge  表现得好像他是负责人似的 as if you didn't know!  好像你真不知道似的！ looks as though we've won  看来我们似乎胜了□ as it is (or as is)   in the existing circumstances or state 按现状；实际上□ as it were   in a way; to a certain extent 可以说；在某种程度上  he is, as it were, infatuated  他可说是入迷了□ as long as   see 见 LONG1 □ as much   see 见 MUCH □ as of   1  = as from  2  as at (a specified time) 在(某一时刻)□ as per   see 见 PER 3 □ as regards   see 见 REGARD □ as soon as   see 见 SOON □ as such   see 见 SUCH □ as though   see 见 as if □ as to   with respect to; concerning 至于；有关，关于  said nothing as to money  根本没有提钱的事 as to you, I think you are wrong  至于你，我认为你错了□ as was  Brit.  in the previously existing circumstances or state [英]按以前的情况(或状况)□ as well   see 见 WELL1 □ as yet   until now or a particular time in the past 直到目前；直到以前的某一时刻 usu. with neg. and with implied reserve about the future 通常用于否定句，并对将来的情况带有否定的意味 : have received no news as yet  还没有收到什么消息 [reduced form of Old English alswɑˊ ALSO]■Usage 用法说明 In comparisions expressed by as ... as, the pronoun standing for the subject of the second half of the phrase should, strictly, be in the nominative case, i.e. I am not as wealthy as he/ she/ they. However, in all but very formal contexts, the accusative or object case is now acceptable, i.e. I am not as wealthy as her/ him/ them. These comments also apply to so ... as and the same ... as, e.g. We're not so eager as them/ (formal) they; I live in the same street as her/ (formal) she. As from and as of, meaning ‘from’ or ‘after’ should be followed by a particular date, e.g. as from 15 October. Phrases such as as of now, as of yesterday, etc. should be used only in informal contexts. 在用 as... as... 句型进行比较时，充当短语后半部主语的代词应该用主格，例如 I am not as wealthy as he/ she/ they 。然而在不十分正式的文体中，现在有采用宾格趋势，如 I am not as wealthy as her/ him/ them 。此用法亦适用于短语 so... as..., the same... as... 等。例如 We are not so eager as them / (正式) they; I live in the same street as her / (正式) she 。在 as from 和 as of 作为“始于”或“从 … 以后”使用时，后面应跟具体日期，如 as from 15 October 短语 as of now, as of yesterday 等仅用于非正式文体。 

as2 /æs/ n. (pl. asses)  a Roman copper coin 阿斯(一种古罗马铜币) [Latin: see ACE]

as- /æs, əs/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before s (在 s 前)AD- 的同化形式

ASA abbr. [缩略]  1  Amateur Swimming Association 业余游泳协会 2  American Standards Association (esp. in film-speed specification, as 200 ASA) 美国标准协会(尤用于速度标准，如 200ASA)

asafoetida /æsəˈfi:tidə, -ˈfet-/ n. (US [美] asafetida)  a resinous plant gum with a fetid ammoniac smell, formerly used in medicine, now as a herbal remedy and in Indian cooking 阿魏(一种植物树脂，以前用作药品，现用作草药，在印度亦食用) [Middle English from medieval Latin, from asa (from Persian azɑˉ ‘mastic’) + fetida (as FETID)]

a.s.a.p. abbr.  as soon as possible [缩略]尽快

asbestos /æzˈbestɒs, æs-, -təs/ n.  1  a fibrous silicate mineral that is incombustible 石棉 2  this used as a heat-resistant or insulating material 石棉隔热(或绝缘)材料 □ asbestine  /-tin/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French albeston, ultimately from Greek asbestos ‘unquenchable’ (as A-1 + sbestos from sbennumi ‘quench’)]

asbestosis /æzbeˈstəʊsis, æs-/ n.  a lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles 石棉沉滞症(一种因吸入石棉颗粒物而导致的肺病)

ascarid /ˈæskərid/ n. (also 亦作 ascaris /-ris/)  a parasitic nematode worm of the genus Ascaris, e.g. the intestinal roundworm of humans and pigs (人和猪肠中的)蛔虫 [modern Latin ascaris from Greek askaris]

ascend /əˈsend/ v.  1 intr.  move upwards; rise 朝上移动；上升 2 intr.  a  slope upwards (坡度)向上b  lie along an ascending slope 位于向上倾斜的坡上 3 tr.  climb; go up 攀登；登上 4 intr.  rise in rank or status 晋升，升级 5 tr.  mount upon 骑上 6 intr. (of sound) rise in pitch (音调)提高，变尖 7 tr.  go along (a river) to its source 追溯；溯流而上 8 intr. Printing (of a letter) have part projecting upwards 【印刷】(字母)向上凸起 □ ascend the throne   become king or queen (君主)登基 [Middle English from Latin ascendere (as AD-, scandere ‘climb’)]

ascendancy /əˈsend(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 ascendency) (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a superior or dominant condition or position 优势，优越；支配地位

ascendant /əˈsend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rising 上升的 2 Astron.  rising towards the zenith 【天】升向天顶的 3 Astrol.  just above the eastern horizon 【占】刚刚高于东方地平线的，露出东方地平线的 4  predominant 优势的，支配的 ●n. Astrol.  the point of the sun's apparent path that is ascendant at a given time 【占】(太阳上升时的)星位  Aries in the ascendant  星位上的白羊星座 □ in the ascendant   1  supreme or dominating 处于优势；处于支配地位 2  rising; gaining power or authority 正在上升中；正在交好运；正在获得权势 [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as ASCEND, -ANT)]

ascender /əˈsendə/ n.  1  a  a part of a letter that extends above the main part (as in b and d) 字母的向上凸出部分(如 b 和 d 的上部)b  a letter having this 有向上凸出部分的字母 2  a person or thing that ascends 上升的人(或物)

ascension /əˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ascending 上升，升高；攀登，登高 2 (作 Ascension)  the ascent of Christ into heaven on the fortieth day after the Resurrection 耶稣升天(复活后第 40 天) □ ascensional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin ascensio -onis (as ASCEND, -ION)]

Ascension Day n.  the Thursday forty days after Easter on which Christ's ascension is celebrated 耶稣升天节(复活节后 40 天的星期四)

Ascensiontide /əˈsenʃ(ə)ntaid/ n.  the period of ten days from Ascension Day to Whitsun Eve 耶稣升天节期间(自升天节至圣灵降临节除夕的 10 天)

ascent /əˈsent/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ascending 上升，升高；登高 2  a  an upward movement or rise 提高；向上运动b  advancement or progress 上进，进步  the ascent of man  人类的进步 3  a way by which one may ascend; an upward slope 向上的路线；上坡路 [ASCEND, on the pattern of descent]

ascertain /æsəˈtein/ v. tr.  1  find out as a definite fact 弄清，查明；确定 2  get to know 了解，知晓 □ ascertainable  adj.  □ ascertainment  n.   [Middle English from Old French acertener, stem acertain-, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + CERTAIN]

ascesis /əˈsi:sis/ n.  the practice of self-discipline 自律；禁欲；苦行 [Greek askēsis ‘training’, from askeō ‘exercise’]

ascetic /əˈsetik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who practises severe self-discipline and abstains from all forms of pleasure, esp. for religious or spiritual reasons 禁欲者；苦行僧 ●adj.  relating to or characteristic of ascetics or asceticism; abstaining from pleasure 禁欲的；苦行的 □ ascetically  adv.  □ asceticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [medieval Latin asceticus or Greek askētikos from askētēs ‘monk’, from askeō ‘exercise’]

ascidian /əˈsidiən/ n. Zool.  a tunicate animal of the class Ascidiacea, the adults of which are sedentary on rocks or seaweeds often in colonies, e.g. the sea squirt 【动】海鞘类动物；海鞘 [modern Latin Ascidia from Greek askidion, diminutive of askos ‘wineskin’]

ASCII /ˈæski/ abbr. Computing  American Standard Code for Information Interchange [缩略]【计算】美国信息互换标准代码

ascites /əˈsaiti:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Med.  the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, causing swelling 【医】腹水 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, from askitēs from askos ‘wineskin’]

ascorbic acid /əˈskɔ:bik/ n.  a vitamin found in citrus fruits and green vegetables, essential in maintaining healthy connective tissue, and a deficiency of which results in scurvy Also called 亦称作 vitamin C 抗坏血酸 [A-1 + medieval Latin scorbutus ‘scurvy’ + -IC]

ascribe /əˈskraib/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  attribute or impute 归因于；归咎于  ascribes his well-being to a sound constitution  把他的幸福生活归因于一个健康的体质 2  regard as belonging 认为属于，归属于 □ ascribable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin ascribere (as AD-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

ascription /əˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ascribing 归因；归属 2  a preacher's words ascribing praise to God at the end of a sermon (教士在结束布道时对上帝的)赞美词 [Latin ascriptio -onis (as ASCRIBE)]

asdic /ˈæzdik/ n. esp. Brit.  an early form of echo sounder [尤英]潜艇探索器(一种早期声纳) [acronym from Allied Submarine Detection Investigation Committee]

-ase /eiz/ suffix Biochem.  forming the name of an enzyme (amylase 淀粉酶) 【生化】构成酶类名词 [DIASTASE]

ASEAN /ˈæsiən/ abbr.  Association of South East Asian Nations [缩略]东南亚国家联盟，东盟

asepsis /eiˈsepsis/ n.  1  the absence of harmful bacteria, viruses, or other micro-organisms 无菌；无病毒 2  a method of achieving asepsis in surgery (外科上的)无菌处理法

aseptic /eiˈseptik/ adj.  1  free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other micro-organisms 无菌的，无病毒的；无污染的 2 (of a wound, instrument, or dressing) surgically sterile or sterilized (伤口、器械、衣物等)经外科手术消毒的 3 (of a surgical method etc.) aiming at the elimination of harmful micro-organisms, rather than counteraction (cf. 参见 ANTISEPTIC) (手术方法等)排除有害细菌的

asexual /eiˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  1 Biol.  without sex or sexual organs 【生】无性的；无性器官的 2 Biol. (of reproduction) not involving the fusion of gametes 【生】无性生殖的 3  without sexuality 无性行为的；无性欲的 □ asexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ asexually  adv.  

ASH /æʃ/ abbr. (in the UK) Action on Smoking and Health [缩略] (英国)禁烟与健康行动

ash1 /æʃ/ n.  1  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  the powdery residue left after the burning of any substance 灰，灰烬b Chem.  such residue used in chemical analysis, e.g. to assess mineral content 【化】(用于化学分析中的)灰末，粉末 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the remains of the human body after cremation or disintegration (人体焚化后的)骨灰 3 (作 the Ashes) Cricket  a trophy competed for regularly by Australia and England 【板球】(澳大利亚和英格兰定期举行的板球赛之后)板球柱焚烧时留下的灰烬，锦标 4  ashlike material thrown out by a volcano 火山灰 [Old English œsce]

ash2 /æʃ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 ash tree)  any forest tree of the genus Fraxinus, with silver-grey bark, compound leaves, and hard, tough, pale wood 梣树，白蜡树 2  its wood 梣木 3  an Old English runic letter (named from a word of which it was the first letter) 梣字符(古英语的一个字母) [Old English œsc, from Germanic]

ashamed /əˈʃeimd/ adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of (= with regard to,) for (= on account of,) or to + infin.)  embarrassed or disconcerted by shame 羞愧的，惭愧的  ashamed of his aunt  为他的姨妈惭愧 ashamed of having lied  很羞愧撒了谎 ashamed for you  为你害臊 ashamed to be seen with him  很羞愧被人看到和他在一起 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  hesitant, reluctant (but usu. not actually refusing or declining) 踌躇的；不情愿的(但通常并不拒绝)  am ashamed to admit that I was wrong  我很难为情地承认我错了 □ ashamedly  /-midli/ adv.   [Old English ɑˉscamod, past part. of ɑˉscamian ‘feel shame’ (as A-2, SHAME)]

ash blonde n. & adj. (US also [美亦] ash blond) ●n.  1  a very pale blonde colour 淡金发色，银灰色 2  a person with hair of this colour 银灰色头发的人 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  very pale blonde 银灰色的

ashcan /ˈæʃkæn/ n. US  a dustbin [美]垃圾桶，垃圾箱

ashen1 /ˈæʃ(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or resembling ashes 灰烬的；像灰的 2  ash-coloured; grey or pale 灰白色的；苍白的

ashen2 /ˈæʃ(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or relating to the ash tree 梣树的；梣木的 2 archaic  made of ashwood [古义]由梣木制成的

ashen-faced adj.  very pale, esp. from shock or exhaustion (尤指因惊吓或疲劳)面色苍白的

ashet /ˈæʃit/ n. Sc. & NZ  a large plate or dish [苏格兰新]大盘子 [French assiette]

Ashkenazi /æʃkəˈnɑ:zi/ n. (pl. Ashkenazim /-zim/)  1  an East European Jew 东欧犹太人 2  a Jew of East European ancestry (cf. 参见 SEPHARDI) 祖先为东欧人的犹太人 □ Ashkenazic  adj.   [modern Hebrew, from Ashkenaz (Gen. 10:3)]

ash-key n. Brit.  the winged seed of the ash tree, growing in clusters resembling keys [英]梣树的翅果(长成一簇，很像钥匙串)

ashlar /ˈæʃlə/ n.  1  a large square-cut stone used in building (凿好用于建筑的)方石，料石 2  masonry made of ashlars 方石建筑 3  such masonry used as a facing on a rough rubble or brick wall (装饰碎石或砖墙面用的)方石结构 [Middle English via Old French aisselier from Latin axilla, diminutive of axis ‘board’]

ashlaring /ˈæʃləriŋ/ n.  1  ashlar masonry 块石，石板 2  the short upright boarding in a garret which cuts off the acute angle between the roof and the floor (用以去掉屋顶与顶层楼板间的锐角并构成墙壁的)直立短柱壁骨

ashore /əˈʃɔ:/ adv.  towards or on the shore or land 向岸边(或陆地)；在岸上(或陆地)  sailed ashore  向岸边驶去 stayed ashore  留在岸上

ashpan /ˈæʃpæn/ n.  a tray under a grate to catch the ash (在炉子格栅下面接灰的)灰盘

ashplant /ˈæʃplɑ:nt/ n.  a sapling from an ash tree, used as a walking stick etc. 梣树的幼枝(用于制作手杖等)

ashram /ˈæʃrəm/ n.  1 (in the Indian subcontinent) a place of religious retreat; a hermitage (印度高僧的)修行处；隐居处 2  any place of religious retreat or community life modelled on the Indian ashram (以印度教修行处为模式的宗教或社区生活的)聚会场所、社交场所 [Sanskrit ɑˉshrama ‘hermitage’]

ashtray /ˈæʃtrei/ n.  a small receptacle for cigarette ash, stubs, etc. 烟灰缸

Ash Wednesday n.  the first day of Lent 圣灰星期三(大斋节的第一天) [from the custom of marking the foreheads of penitents with ashes on that day]

ashy /ˈæʃi/ adj.  1  = ASHEN1  2  covered with ashes 布满灰尘的

Asia /ˈeiʃə/ n.  亚洲，亚细亚

Asian /ˈeiʃ(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Asia 亚洲人 2  a person of Asian descent 亚裔人 ●adj.  of or relating to Asia or its people, customs, or languages 亚洲的；亚洲人的 [Latin Asianus from Greek Asianos, from Asia]■Usage 用法说明 Asian is the preferred term when referring to people, with Asiatic now widely considered derogatory. In Britain it is the usual term for people who come from (or whose parents came from) the Indian subcontinent, while in North America it commonly also includes people from the Far East. 现常用 Asian 指亚洲人，而 Asiatic 一般认为带有贬义。在英国 Asiatic 一词常被用来指印度次大陆人(或其后裔)，在北美该词亦包括远东人。 

Asiatic /eiʃiˈætik, eiz-/ n. & adj. ●n. offens.  an Asian [冒犯]亚洲人 ●adj. (offens. if used of people)  Asian (如用于指人带有贬义)亚洲的；亚洲人的 [Latin Asiaticus from Greek Asiatikos]■Usage 用法说明 Asiatic is now acceptable only as an adjective, and is found chiefly in geographical, zoological, and medical contexts, e.g. Asiatic coastal regions; Asiatic gold plover; Asiatic cholera. See also Usage Note as ASIAN. Asiatic 一词现一般仅用于形容词，且只用于地理、动物、医学等领域。例如 Asiatic coastal regions (亚洲沿海地区)； Asiatic gold plover (亚洲千鸟)； Asiatic cholera (亚洲霍乱)等。另见 ASIAN 用法注释。 

A-side /ˈeisaid/ n.  the side of a gramophone record regarded as the main one (留声机唱片的)主面，正面

aside /əˈsaid/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  to or on one side; away 到一边；在旁边；远在一边 2  out of consideration 撇开，除去 placed after noun 放在名词之后 : joking aside  玩笑归玩笑 ●n.  1  words spoken in a play for the audience to hear, but supposed not to be heard by the other characters (戏剧的)旁白 2  an incidental remark 临时插入的话 □ aside from   apart from 除…以外□ set aside   1  put to one side 搁在一边 2  keep for a special purpose or future use 留下，积攒(供将来使用) 3  reject or disregard 拒绝；无视，不顾 4  annul 废除 5  remove (land) from agricultural production for fallow, forestry, or other use 使(农田)休耕(或用于其他)□ take aside   engage (a person) esp. for a private conversation 把(某人)叫到一边(尤指密谈) [originally on side: see A2]

asinine /ˈæsinain/ adj.  1  stupid 愚蠢的，笨的 2  of or concerning asses; like an ass 驴的；像驴的 □ asininity  /-ˈniniti/ n.   [Latin asininus from asinus ‘ass’]

-asis /əsis/ suffix (usu. as 通常作 -iasis)  forming the names of diseases (psoriasis 牛皮癣 ; satyriasis 男子色情狂) 构成病名 [Latin, from Greek -asis in nouns denoting a state or condition from verbs ending in -aō]

ask /ɑ:sk/ v.  1 tr.  call for an answer to or about 问，询问，打听  ask her about it  向她打听此事 ask him his name  问他的名字 ask a question of him  问他一个问题 2 tr.  seek to obtain from another person 请求(给予)；征求  ask a favour of  请求…的帮忙 ask to be allowed  请求准许 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out or over, or to invite) ; request the company of 邀请；请求陪同  must ask them over  一定要邀上他们 asked her to dinner  请她吃饭 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek to obtain, meet, or be directed to 寻求，谋求；询问(方向)  ask for a donation  寻求捐助 ask for the post office  询问去邮局的方向 asking for you  正找你 5 tr. archaic  require (a thing) [古义]要求(某东西) □ ask after   enquire about (esp. a person) 询问(某人)□ ask for it  colloq.  invite trouble [口]自找麻烦□ ask me another  colloq.  I do not know [口]我不知道□ for the asking  (obtainable) for nothing 只需问一下(就可获得)□ I ask you!   an exclamation of disgust, surprise, etc. 请问！(惊叹语，表示厌恶、吃惊等)□ if you ask me  colloq.  in my opinion [口]依我看□ asker  n.   [Old English ɑˉscian etc., from West Germanic]

askance /əˈskæns, əˈskɑ:ns/ adv. (also 亦作 askant /-ˈskænt, -ˈskɑ:nt/)  sideways or squinting 斜着；斜视地 □ look askance at   regard with suspicion or disapproval 怀疑地(或不赞同地)看着 [15th c.: origin unknown]

askari /əˈskɑ:ri/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or askaris)  an E. African soldier or police officer 东非土著人士兵(或警察) [Arabic ˈaskarī ‘soldier’]

askew /əˈskju:/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  obliquely; awry 歪斜地；不正确地 ●predic. adj.  oblique; awry 歪斜的；不正确的，错的 [A2 + SKEW]

asking price n.  the price of an object set by the seller (售者自定的)询问价

aslant /əˈslɑ:nt/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  obliquely or at a slant 倾斜地 ●prep.  obliquely across 斜向，歪向  lay aslant the path  斜躺在小路上

asleep /əˈsli:p/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  a  in or into a state of sleep 睡着(的)；进入睡眠状态  he fell asleep  他睡着了b  inactive, inattentive 不活跃的；漫不经心的  the nation is asleep  这个民族死气沉沉 2 (of a limb etc.) numb (四肢等)麻木地(的) 3 euphem.  dead [婉]长眠的，已死的

Aslef /ˈæzlef/ abbr. (in the UK) Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen [缩略] (英国)火车司机与司炉人员联合会 [acronym]

AS level n.  = ADVANCED SUPPLEMENTARY LEVEL  [abbreviation]

aslope /əˈsləʊp/ adv. & predic. adj.  sloping; crosswise 倾斜的；成斜坡状的 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

ASM abbr.  air-to-surface missile [缩略]空对地导弹

asocial /eiˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not social; antisocial 不与人往来的；不合群的；反社会的 2  inconsiderate of or hostile to others 不关心他人的；对人怀有敌意的

asp /æsp/ n.  1  a small viper, Vipera aspis, native to southern Europe, resembling the adder 角蝰(一种小毒蛇) 2  the Egyptian cobra, Naja haje, found throughout Africa 埃及眼镜蛇(见于非洲各地) [Middle English via Old French aspe or Latin aspis from Greek]

asparagine /əˈspærədʒi:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophilic amino acid, an amide of aspartic acid, occurring in proteins 【生化】天门冬酰胺 [ASPARAGUS + -INE4]

asparagus /əˈspærəɡəs/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Asparagus 芦笋(天门冬属植物) 2  one species of this, A. officinalis, with edible young shoots and leaves; this as food 龙须菜(芦笋中的一种，可食用) [Latin, from Greek asparagos]

asparagus fern n.  a decorative plant, Asparagus setaceus 文竹(一种装饰植物)

aspartame /əˈspɑ:teim/ n.  a very sweet low-calorie substance used as a sweetener instead of sugar or saccharin 阿斯巴特(一种低热量、不同于糖或糖精的甜味剂) [chemical name 1-methyl N-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine, from ASPARTIC ACID]

aspartic acid /əˈspɑ:tik/ n. Biochem.  an acidic amino acid present in many proteins, important in animal metabolism, and also acting as a neurotransmitter 【生化】天冬氨酸(一种存在于多种蛋白质中的氨基酸，是动物体内新陈代谢的重要物质及神经传递介质) [French aspartique, formed arbitrarily from ASPARAGUS]

aspect /ˈæspekt/ n.  1  a  a particular component or feature of a matter 方面  only one aspect of the problem  只是问题的一方面b  a particular way in which a matter may be considered 考虑某一问题的特定方法 2  a  a facial expression; a look 面部表情，神情  a cheerful aspect  快活的神情b  the appearance of a person or thing, esp. as presented to the mind of the viewer (尤指留在观者心目中的)外表，外观；样子  has a frightening aspect  有一副可怕的样子 3  the side of a building or location facing a particular direction (建筑物)朝向某一方的一侧  southern aspect  朝南的一侧 4 Gram.  a verbal category or form expressing inception, duration, or completion 【语法】(动词的)体，态 5 Astrol.  the relative position of planets etc. measured by angular distance 【天】(根据角距测量出的行星等的)相对位置 □ aspectual  /æˈspektʃʊəl/ adj. (in sense 4 释义 4)   [Middle English from Latin aspectus, from adspicere adspect- ‘look at’ (as AD-, specere ‘to look’)]

aspect ratio n.  1 Aeron.  the ratio of the span to the mean chord of an aerofoil 【空】展弦比(飞机的翼展与机翼中弦之比) 2 Telev.  the ratio of picture width to height 【电视】(电视画面的)高宽比

aspen /ˈæsp(ə)n/ n.  a poplar tree, Populus tremula, with especially tremulous leaves 山杨，颤杨(一种杨树) [earlier name asp (from Old English æspe) + -EN2 forming an adjective then used as a noun]

asperity /əˈsperiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  harshness or sharpness of temper or tone (脾气)粗暴；(语调)严厉 2  roughness 粗糙 3  a rough excrescence (表面上的)微小凸出物 [Middle English from Old French asperité or Latin asperitas, from asper ‘rough’]

asperse /əˈspɜ:s/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  attack the reputation of; calumniate 毁坏(名誉)；中伤，诽谤 [Middle English, = besprinkle, spatter, from Latin aspergere aspers- (as AD-, spargere ‘sprinkle’)]

aspersion /əˈspɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   □ cast aspersions on   attack the reputation or integrity of 造谣中伤，诬蔑 [Latin aspersio (as ASPERSE, -ION)]

asphalt /ˈæsfælt, -əlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dark bituminous pitch occurring naturally or made from petroleum 柏油，沥青 2  a mixture of this with sand, gravel, etc., for surfacing roads etc. 有沥青、砂、石子等的(铺路面)混合料 ●v. tr.  surface with asphalt 用沥青铺(路面) □ asphaltic  /-ˈfæltik/ adj.   [Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin asphalton, -um, from Greek asphalton]

asphodel /ˈæsfədel/ n.  1  any of various plants of the genus Asphodelus and related genera of the lily family 百合科草木植物 2 poet.  an immortal flower growing in Elysium [诗] (极乐世界生长的)常春花 [Latin asphodelus from Greek asphodelos: cf. DAFFODIL]

asphyxia /əsˈfiksiə/ n.  a lack of oxygen in the blood, causing unconsciousness or death; suffocation (血液中缺氧引起的)窒息；昏厥 □ asphyxial  adj.  □ asphyxiant  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek asphuxia (as A-1 + sphuxis ‘pulse’)]

asphyxiate /əsˈfiksieit/ v. tr.  cause (a person) to have asphyxia; suffocate 使窒息；使昏厥 □ asphyxiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ asphyxiator  n.  

aspic /ˈæspik/ n.  a savoury meat jelly used as a garnish or to contain game, eggs, etc. (作为装饰菜肴的)花色肉冻 [French, = ASP, from the colours of the jelly (compared to those of the asp)]

aspidistra /æspiˈdistrə/ n.  a plant of the genus Aspidistra, with broad tapering leaves, native to the Far East and often grown as a house plant 叶兰(一种锥形阔叶植物，源于远东，常作室内观赏植物) [modern Latin, from Greek aspis -idos ‘shield’ (from the shape of the leaves)]

aspirant /əˈspaiər(ə)nt, ˈæsp(i)r-/ adj. & n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, after, for) ●adj.  aspiring 有上进的，有抱负的 ●n.  a person who aspires 有抱负的人 [French aspirant or from Latin aspirant- (as ASPIRE, -ANT)]

aspirate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈæsp(ə)rət/ Phonet. 【语音】  1  pronounced with an exhalation of breath 送气音的 2  blended with the sound of h 带有 h 音的 ●n. /ˈæsp(ə)rət/ Phonet. 【语音】  1  a consonant pronounced in this way 送气辅音 2  the sound of h h 音 ●v. /ˈæspəreit/  1 Phonet. 【语音】  a tr.  pronounce with a breath 送气发音b intr.  make the sound of h 发 h 音 2 tr.  draw (fluid) by suction from a vessel or cavity (从容器或洞孔中)吸出(液体) [Latin aspiratus, past part. of aspirare: see ASPIRE]

aspiration /æspəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a strong desire to achieve an end; an ambition 渴望，热望；野心 2  the act or process of drawing breath 吸气 3  the action of aspirating 发送气音 □ aspirational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French aspiration or Latin aspiratio (as ASPIRATE, -ATION)]

aspirator /ˈæspireitə/ n.  an apparatus for aspirating fluid 吸液器，吸出器 [Latin aspirare (as ASPIRATE, -OR1)]

aspire /əˈspaiə/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, after, or to + infin.)  1  have ambition or strong desire 渴望；有抱负，有志于 2 poet.  rise high [诗]高高升起，耸立 [Middle English from French aspirer or Latin aspirare (as AD- + spirare ‘breathe’)]

aspirin /ˈæsp(ə)rin/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or aspirins)  1  a white compound, acetylsalicylic acid, used to relieve pain and fever and in the prevention of thrombosis 阿斯匹林(用于解热镇痛，防止血栓) 2  a tablet of this 阿斯匹林药片 [German, formed as ACETYL + spiraeic (= salicylic) acid + -IN]

asquint /əˈskwint/ predic. adj. & adv. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 look asquint)  1  to one side; from the corner of an eye 斜着地(的)；侧目而视地(的) 2  with a squint 斜视地(的) [Middle English, perhaps from Dutch schuinte ‘slant’]

ass1 /æs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  either of two kinds of four-legged long-eared mammal of the horse genus Equus, E. africanus of Africa and E. hemionus of Asia 非洲驴；亚洲驴b (in general use) a donkey (泛指)驴，驴子 2  a stupid person 傻瓜，笨蛋 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, around) slang  act the fool [俚语]犯傻，干蠢事 □ make an ass of   make (a person) look absurd or foolish 取笑，愚弄(某人) [Old English assa via Celtic from Latin asinus]

ass2 N. Amer. var.  of ARSE [北美] ARSE 的变体

assagai var.  of ASSEGAI  ASSEGAI 的变体

assai /æˈsai/ adv. Mus.  very 【音】非常，极其  adagio assai  极慢的柔板 [Italian]

assail /əˈseil/ v. tr.  1  make a strong or concerted attack on 攻击，袭击 2  make a resolute start on (a task) 着手解决(某任务)；毅然对付 3  make a strong or constant verbal attack on (用语言连续)攻击，发难  was assailed with angry questions  受到一连串愤怒的质问 □ assailable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French asaill-, stressed stem of asalir, via medieval Latin assalire from Latin assilire (as AD-, salire salt- ‘leap’)]

assailant /əˈseil(ə)nt/ n.  a person who attacks another physically or verbally (行动或语言上的)攻击者，袭击者 [French (as ASSAIL)]

Assamese /æsəˈmi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native or inhabitant of Assam, a state of NE India (印度东北)阿萨姆人 2  the Indic (official) language of Assam 阿萨姆语 ●adj.  of or relating to Assam, its people, or its language 阿萨姆的；阿萨姆人的；阿萨姆语的

assassin /əˈsæsin/ n.  1  a killer, esp. of a political or religious leader (尤指对政治或宗教领袖的)暗杀者，刺客 2 hist.  any of a group of Muslim fanatics sent on murder missions in the time of the Crusades [史义]十字军东征时从事暗杀基督徒的穆斯林团体成员 [French assassin or via medieval Latin assassinus from Arabic hašīšī ‘hashish-eater’]

assassinate /əˈsæsineit/ v. tr.  1  kill (esp. a political or religious leader) for political or religious motives 暗杀，行刺(尤指针对政治或宗教领袖) 2  destroy or injure (esp. a person's reputation) 诋毁，中伤(某人的名誉) □ assassination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ assassinator  n.   [medieval Latin assassinare from assassinus: see ASSASSIN]

assassin bug n.  a predatory or bloodsucking hemipterous bug of the family Reduviidae 食虫椿象，猎蝽(一种半翅类吸血昆虫)

assault /əˈsɔ:lt, əˈsɒlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent physical or verbal attack (猛烈的肉体或语言上的)攻击，袭击 2  a Law  an act that threatens physical harm to a person (whether or not actual harm is done) 【法律】侵犯人身(即威胁以暴力侵害他人身体，无论是否造成伤害)b euphem.  an act of rape [婉]强奸 3  a vigorous start made to a lengthy or difficult task (对艰巨任务的)突击性解决 4  a final rush on a fortified place, esp. at the end of a prolonged attack (尤指久攻不下后的)最后一次攻击，最后一搏 5 (作 attrib.)  relating to or used in an assault 冲击，突击  assault craft  冲击艇 assault troops  突击队 ●v. tr.  1  make an assault on 袭击，攻击 2 euphem.  rape [婉]强奸 □ assaulter  n.  □ assaultive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French asaut, assauter, ultimately from Latin (as AD-, salire salt- ‘leap’)]

assault and battery n. Law  the act of threatening a person followed by physical contact (see 见 ASSAULT n. 2a, BATTERY 7) 【法律】(对某人威胁后身体侵犯)攻击和伤害罪，暴力殴打罪

assault course n. Brit.  an obstacle course used in training soldiers etc. [英] (训练士兵等用的)障碍训练场

assay /əˈsei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the testing of a metal or ore to determine its ingredients and quality (对金属或矿石的)试验，检验 2 Chem.  etc. the determination of the content or concentration of a substance 【化】(对成份或浓度)化验，分析，测定 ●v.  1 tr.  make an assay of (a metal or ore) (对金属或矿石)进行试验，检验 2 tr. Chem.  etc. determine the concentration of (a substance) 【化】测定(浓度) 3 tr.  show (content) on being assayed 检验(所含成分) 4 intr.  make an assay 分析，化验 5 tr. archaic  attempt [古义]试图，尝试 □ assayer  n.   [Middle English from Old French assaier, assai, variant of essayer, essai: see ESSAY]

assay office n.  1 Brit.  an establishment which awards hallmarks [英]纯度测定公证所 2 esp. N. Amer.  an office for the assaying of ores [尤北美]矿石化验室

assegai /ˈæsəɡai/ n. (also 亦作 assagai)  a slender iron-tipped spear of hardwood, esp. as used by southern African peoples (尤指南非土人用的)标枪，长矛 [obsolete French azagaie or Portuguese azagaia from Arabic az-zaɡ̇ɑˉyah, from al ‘the’ + zaɡ̇ɑˉyah ‘spear’]

assemblage /əˈsemblidʒ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of bringing or coming together 集合，集中 2  a collection of things or gathering of people 集合在一起的人群；集合物 3  a  the act or an instance of fitting together 组装，装配b  an object made of pieces fitted together 组装物，装配好的产品 4  a work of art made by grouping found or unrelated objects 组装(或组合)艺术品

assemble /əˈsemb(ə)l/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  gather together; collect. 集合，集中；召集；收集 2 tr.  arrange in order 排列，布置 3 tr. esp. Mech.  fit together the parts of 【机】组装，装配 [Middle English from Old French asembler, ultimately from Latin (as AD- + simul ‘together’)]

assembler /əˈsemblə/ n.  1  a person who assembles a machine or its parts 装配工 2 Computing 【计算】  a  a program for converting instructions written in low-level symbolic code into machine code 汇编程序b  the low-level symbolic code itself; an assembly language 低级编码；汇编语言

assembly /əˈsembli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of assembling or gathering together 集合，集中；集会 2  a  a group of persons gathered together, esp. as a deliberative body or a legislative council 立法机构；议会b  a gathering of the entire membership or a section of a school, esp. at the start of a day (尤指学校每天早晨的)集合 3  the assembling of a machine or structure or its parts (机器或其零部件的)组装，装配 4 Mil.  a call to assemble, given by drum or bugle 【军】(吹号或敲鼓发出的)集合令，集合号 [Middle English from Old French asemblee, fem. past part. of asembler: see ASSEMBLE]

assembly language n. Computing  the low-level symbolic code converted by an assembler 【计算】汇编语言

assembly line n.  machinery arranged in stages by which a product is progressively assembled 装配线，流水生产线

assembly rooms n. pl. esp. Brit.  public rooms in which meetings or social functions are held [尤英] (公共)会议室，集会室；活动室

assembly shop n. (also 亦作 assembly room)  a place where a machine or its components are assembled 装配车间

assent /əˈsent/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  express agreement 赞成，同意  assented to my view  赞成我的观点 2  consent 允诺，答应  assented to my request  答应我的请求 ●n.  1  mental or inward acceptance or agreement (思想上或内心里)接受；同意，赞同  a nod of assent  点头表示接受 2  consent or sanction, esp. official (尤指正式的)批准，核准 □ assenter  n. (also 亦作 assentor)   [Middle English from Old French asenter, as(s)ente, ultimately from Latin assentari (as AD-, sentire ‘think’)]

assentient /əˈsenʃ(ə)nt, -ʃiənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  assenting 同意的，赞同的 ●n.  a person who assents 同意者，赞成者 [Latin assentire (as ASSENT, -ENT)]

assert /əˈsɜ:t/ v.  1 tr.  declare; state clearly 声称，宣称；明确断言  assert one's beliefs  声明自己的信仰 assert that it is so  断定事实如此 2 refl.  insist on one's rights or opinions; demand recognition 主张，坚持(权利或观点)；要求(承认) 3 tr.  vindicate a claim to 维护对…的要求  assert one's rights  要求个人的权利 □ assertor  n. (also 亦作 asserter)   [Latin asserere (as AD-, serere sert- ‘join’)]

assertion /əˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a declaration; a forthright statement 宣布，明确声明 2  the act or an instance of asserting 断言；语气肯定的话 3 (also 亦作 self-assertion)  insistence on the recognition of one's rights or claims (权利、要求等的)维护，主张；(意见等的)坚持 [Middle English from French assertion or Latin assertio (as ASSERT, -ION)]

assertive /əˈsɜ:tiv/ adj.  1  tending to assert oneself; forthright, positive 断定的，明确的，肯定的 2  dogmatic 武断的；过分自信的 □ assertively  adv.  □ assertiveness  n.  

asses pl.  of AS2 , ASS1, ASS2 

asses' bridge /ˈæsiz/ n.  = PONS ASINORUM 

assess /əˈses/ v. tr.  1  a  estimate the size or quality of 评估，评定(规模或质量)b  estimate the value of (a property) for taxation etc. (为征税等)估算(财产)的价值 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  fix the amount of (a tax etc.) and impose it on a person or community 确定(纳税)的额度；课税b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at)  fine or tax (a person, community, etc.) in or at a specific amount (向个人或社区按一定数额)罚款；征税  assessed them at £ 100  处罚他们 100 英镑 □ assessable  adj.  □ assessment  n.   [Middle English via French assesser from Latin assidēre (as AD-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

assessor /əˈsesə/ n.  1  a person who assesses taxes or estimates the value of property for taxation or Brit. insurance purposes (确定纳税金额的)财产估价员，估税员；[英] (保险服务的)财产估价员 2  a person called upon to advise a judge, committee of inquiry, etc., on technical questions (辅佐法官询问技术问题的)辅佐人，法律顾问助理 [Middle English via Old French assessour from Latin assessor -oris ‘assistant-judge’ (as ASSESS, -OR1): sense 1 from medieval Latin]

asset /ˈæset/ n.  1  a  a useful or valuable quality 用途；价值b  a person or thing possessing such a quality or qualities 有用途或价值的人(或东西)  is an asset to the firm  是公司的一位有价值的人物 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  property and possessions, esp. regarded as having value in meeting debts, commitments, etc. (尤指可用来偿债或担保等的)资产，财产b  any possession having value (任何)财产，有价值的东西 [assets (taken as pl.), via Anglo-French asetz from Old French asez enough, ultimately from Latin (as AD + satis ‘enough’)]

asset-stripping n.  the practice of taking over a company and selling off its assets to make a profit 资产剥夺，资产变卖 □ asset-stripper  n.  

asseverate /əˈsevəreit/ v. tr.  declare solemnly or emphatically 郑重声明；断言 □ asseveration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin asseverare (as AD-, severus ‘serious’)]

asshole N. Amer. var.  of ARSEHOLE [北美] ARSEHOLE 的变体

assibilate /əˈsibileit/ v. tr. Phonet. 【语音】  1  pronounce (a sound) as a sibilant or affricate ending in a sibilant 把…发成丝擦音 2  alter (a syllable) to become this 改变(某音节)使成为丝擦音 □ assibilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin assibilare (as AD-, sibilare ‘hiss’)]

assiduity /æsiˈdju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  constant or close attention to what one is doing 勤勉；刻苦 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  constant attentions to another person (对另一人的)不断关照；殷勤 [Latin assiduitas (as ASSIDUOUS, -ITY)]

assiduous /əˈsidjʊəs/ adj.  1  persevering, hard-working 勤勉的，刻苦的 2  attending closely 殷勤的；一丝不苟的 □ assiduously  adv.  □ assiduousness  n.   [Latin assiduus (as ASSESS)]

assign /əˈsain/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a  allot as a share or responsibility 分配，指派b  appoint to a position, task, etc. 指定，安排(职务、任务等) 2  fix (a time, place, etc.) for a specific purpose (为特定目的)确定，指定(时间、地点等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  ascribe or refer to (a reason, date, etc.) 归结为…，归属于(某原因、日期等)  assigned the manuscript to 1832  把这份手稿归到 1832 年 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  transfer formally (esp. personal property) to (another) (尤指私人财产)正式(向某人)转让，过户 ●n.  a person to whom property or rights are legally transferred (依法转让财产或权利的)接受者，受让人 □ assignable  adj.  □ assigner  n.  □ assignor  n. (in sense 4 of v. 动词释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French asi(g)ner from Latin assignare ‘mark out to’ (as AD-, signum ‘sign’)]

assignation /æsiɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an appointment to meet 约会b  a secret appointment, esp. between illicit lovers (尤指非法情人的)秘密约会，幽会 2  the act or an instance of assigning or being assigned 分配，分派；指定 [Middle English via Old French from Latin assignatio -onis (as ASSIGN, -ATION)]

assignee /æsiˈni:, -sai-/ n.  1  a person appointed to act for another 受托人，代理人 2  an assign 受让人 [Middle English from Old French assigné, past part. of assigner ASSIGN]

assignment /əˈsainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something assigned, esp. a task allotted to a person (分派的)任务；(指定的)作业 2  the act or an instance of assigning or being assigned 分派，指定 3  a  a legal transfer (法定)转让，让与b  the document effecting this 转让证书 [Middle English via Old French assignement from medieval Latin assignamentum (as ASSIGN, -MENT)]

assimilate /əˈsimileit/ v.  1 tr.  a  absorb and digest (food etc.) into the body 消化，吸收(食物等)b  absorb (information etc.) into the mind 接受，吸取(信息等)c  absorb (people) into a larger group 接纳，接受(新成员) 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with)  make like; cause to resemble 同化；使同化 3 tr. Phonet.  make (a sound) more like another in the same or next word 【语音】使(语音)同化，相似 4 intr.  be absorbed into the body, mind, or a larger group 被吸收；被接纳 □ assimilable  adj.  □ assimilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ assimilative  adj.  □ assimilator  n.  □ assimilatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin assimilare (as AD-, similis ‘like’)]

assimilationist /əsimiˈleiʃ(ə)nist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who advocates or participates in racial or cultural integration 主张(或参与)种族(或文化)同化者 ●adj.  of, relating to, or promoting the views of assimilationists 同化主义的；主张同化的

assist /əˈsist/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in + verbal noun)  help (a person, process, etc.) 帮助，协助，辅助  assisted them in running the playgroup  帮助他们办幼教 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, at)  attend or be present 出席，到场  assisted in the ceremony  出席了典礼 ●n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a help; an act of helping 帮助，帮忙 2 Baseball  etc. a player's action of helping to put out an opponent, score a goal, etc. 【棒球】(协助得分或使对手出局的)助杀，助攻 □ assistance  n.  □ assister  n.   [Middle English via French assister from Latin assistere ‘take one's stand by’ (as AD-, sistere ‘take one's stand’)]

assistant /əˈsist(ə)nt/ n.  1  a helper 帮手 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person who assists, esp. as a subordinate in a particular job or role (尤指在某项具体工作中作为下属的)助手，助理 3 Brit. [英]  = SHOP ASSISTANT  [Middle English assistent from medieval Latin assistent- present participial stem of assistere (as ASSIST, -ANT, -ENT)]

assisted place n. (in the UK) a place in an independent school which is wholly or partially subsidized by the State (英国) (由国家全部或部分资助的)民办公助学校

assize /əˈsaiz/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) hist.  a court sitting at intervals in each county of England and Wales to administer the civil and criminal law [史义] (英格兰和威尔士的)巡回审判法庭 [Middle English from Old French as(s)ise, fem. past part. of aseeir ‘sit at’, from Latin assidēre: cf. ASSESS]

ass-kissing n. N. Amer. coarse slang [北美] [粗俗俚语]  = ARSE-LICKING 

ass-licking N. Amer. var.  of ARSE-LICKING [北美] ARSE-LICKING 的变体

Assoc. abbr. (as part of a title) Association [缩略] (用于机构名称)协会，联合会

associable /əˈsəʊʃiəb(ə)l, -si-/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  capable of being connected in thought 可联想的，能够联想的 □ associability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French, from associer (as ASSOCIATE, -ABLE)]

associate v., n. & adj. ●v. /əˈsəʊʃieit, -sieit/  1 tr.  connect in the mind 在思想上把…联系在一起；联想  associate holly with Christmas  把冬青树和圣诞节联系起来 2 tr.  join or combine 联系，联合 3 refl.  make oneself a partner; declare oneself in agreement 使成为伙伴；使结合在一起；宣布同意  associate myself in your endeavour  让我也加入你们的奋斗之中 did not want to associate ourselves with the plan  我们不想使我们自身卷入该计划 4 intr.  combine for a common purpose (为共同目的)联合，合作 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  meet frequently or have dealings (经常)接触，交往 ●n. /əˈsəʊʃiət, -siət/  1  a business partner or colleague (生意)合伙人；同伙；同事 2  a friend or companion 朋友；伙伴 3  a subordinate member of a body, institute, etc. (机构等的)附属人员；准会员 4  a thing connected with another 附属物 ●adj. /əˈsəʊʃiət, -siət/  1  joined in companionship, function, or dignity 合作的，联合的 2  allied; in the same group or category 联盟的；共事的 3  of less than full status 准的，副的  associate member  准会员 □ associateship  /əˈsəʊʃiətʃip, əˈsəʊs-/ n.  □ associator  /əˈsəʊʃieitə, əˈsəʊs-/ n.   [Middle English from Latin associatus, past part. of associare (as AD-, socius ‘sharing, allied’)]

association /əsəʊsiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -ʃi-/ n.  1  a group of people organized for a joint purpose; a society 联合会，协会 2  the act or an instance of associating 联合，联系 3  fellowship; human contact or cooperation 合伙关系；交往；合作 4  a mental connection between ideas 联想 5 Chem.  a loose aggregation of molecules 【化】缔合(分子的松散聚合) 6 Ecol.  a group of associated plants 【态】(植物的)群丛，结合体 □ associational  adj.   [French association or medieval Latin associatio (as ASSOCIATE, -ATION)]

Association Football n. Brit.  football played by sides of 11 players with a round ball which may not be handled during play except by the goal keepers [英] (每方 11 人，除守门员外不能用手触球的)英式足球

associative /əˈsəʊʃiətiv, -si-/ adj.  1  of or involving association 联合的；联想的 2 Math. & Computing  involving the condition that a group of quantities connected by operators (see 见 OPERATOR 4) gives the same result whatever their grouping, as long as their order remains the same (e.g. 例如 (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)) 【数】【计算】符合结合律的

assonance /ˈæs(ə)nəns/ n.  the resemblance of sound between two syllables in nearby words, arising from the rhyming of two or more accented vowels, but not consonants, or the use of identical consonants with different vowels (e.g. 例如 sonnet 和 porridge, killed 、 cold 和 culled) (相邻单词中两个音节之间的)谐音 □ assonant  adj.  □ assonate  /-neit/ v. intr.   [French from Latin assonare ‘respond to’ (as AD-, sonus ‘sound’)]

assort /əˈsɔ:t/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  classify or arrange in groups 分类，归类 2 intr.  suit; fit into; harmonize with (usu. in phrs. 通常用于短语 assort ill or well with) 相配，相称；协调 [Old French assorter, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + sorte SORT]

assortative /əˈsɔ:tətiv/ adj.  assorting 相配的，相称的；协调的

assortative mating n. Biol.  non-random mating resulting from the selection of similar partners 【生】选择类似伙伴交配，非随意交配

assorted /əˈsɔ:tid/ adj.  1  of various sorts put together; miscellaneous 各种各样的；各色俱全的 2  sorted into groups 分类的，分组的 3  matched 匹配的，配合的  ill-assorted  不匹配的 poorly assorted  配合不良的

assortment /əˈsɔ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  a set of various sorts of things or people put together; a mixed collection 不同类(东西或人的)聚合(或混合)

ASSR abbr. hist.  Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [缩略] [史义]苏维埃社会主义自治共和国

Asst. abbr. [缩略]  Assistant 

assuage /əˈsweidʒ/ v. tr.  1  calm or soothe (a person, pain, etc.) 镇定；安抚(人、疼痛等) 2  appease or relieve (an appetite or desire) 缓和，减轻(食欲、欲望等) □ assuagement  n.   [Middle English from Old French as(s)ouagier, ultimately from Latin suavis ‘sweet’]

assume /əˈsju:m/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  take or accept as being true, without proof, for the purpose of argument or action 假定，假想；想当然地认为 2  simulate or pretend (ignorance etc.) 模仿；假装(无知等) 3  undertake (an office or duty) 承担(职务或工作) 4  take or put on oneself or itself (an aspect, attribute, etc.) 呈现出；具有(特点、属性等)  the problem assumed immense proportions  此问题事关重大 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  arrogate, usurp, or seize (credit, power, etc.) 冒称；僭越；篡夺(信誉、权力等)  assumed to himself the right of veto  妄称自己有否决权 □ assumable  adj.  □ assumedly  /-midli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin assumere (as AD-, sumere sumpt- ‘take’)]

assuming /əˈsju:miŋ/ adj. (of a person) taking too much for granted; arrogant, presumptuous 想当然的；傲慢的；僭越的

assumption /əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of assuming 假定，假想 2  a  the act or an instance of accepting without proof (未经证实的)臆测，臆断b  a thing assumed in this way 假说；臆想物 3  arrogance 傲慢，自负 4 (作 Assumption)  a  the reception of the Virgin Mary bodily into heaven, according to Roman Catholic doctrine (根据罗马天主教教义)接受圣母马利亚躯体进入天堂，圣母升天b  the feast in honour of this, 15 Aug. 圣母升天节 (8 月 15 日) [Middle English from Old French asompsion or Latin assumptio (as ASSUME, -ION)]

assumptive /əˈsʌm(p)tiv/ adj.  1  taken for granted 被视为理所当然的 2  arrogant 傲慢的，自负的 [Latin assumptivus (as ASSUME, -IVE)]

assurance /əˈʃʊər(ə)ns/ n.  1  a positive declaration that a thing is true 保证的话，肯定的话 2  a solemn promise or guarantee 保证，确保 3 esp. Brit.  insurance, esp. life insurance [尤英] (尤指人寿)保险 4  certainty 确定，有把握 5  a  self-confidence 自信b  impudence 轻率，厚颜无耻 [Middle English from Old French aseürance from aseürer (as ASSURE, -ANCE)]

assure /əˈʃʊə/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  make (a person) sure; convince 让(某人)确信；说服  assured him of my sincerity  让他相信我的真诚b  tell (a person) confidently 确信地告诉  assured him the bus went to Westminster  让他确信这趟公共汽车开往西敏寺 2  a  make certain of; ensure the happening etc. of 确保，保证  will assure her success  将保证她成功b  make safe (against overthrow etc.) 确保安全(不被推翻等) 3 esp. Brit.  insure (esp. a life) [尤英] (尤指人寿)保险 4 (as 作 assured adj.)  a  guaranteed 保证的，得到保证的b  self-confident 自信的 □ rest assured   remain confident 充满信心的□ assurer  n.   [Middle English from Old French aseürer, ultimately from Latin (as AD-, securus ‘safe’, SECURE)]

assuredly /əˈʃʊəridli/ adv.  certainly 确实地，无疑地

Assyrian /əˈsiriən/ n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Assyria, an ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia (美索不达米亚一古代王国的)亚述人 2  the Akkadian dialect of Assyria 亚述语(阿卡得语方言之一) ●adj.  of or relating to Assyria or its dialect 亚述人的；亚述语的 [Latin Assyrius from Greek Assurios ‘of Assyria’]

Assyriology /əsiriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the language, history, and antiquities of Assyria 亚述学(研究亚述的语言、历史、文物古迹等) □ Assyriologist  n.  

AST abbr.  Atlantic Standard Time [缩略]大西洋标准时间

astable /əˈsteib(ə)l, ei-/ adj.  1  not stable 不稳定的 2 Electr.  of or relating to a circuit which oscillates spontaneously between unstable states 【电】(电路)不稳的，非稳态的

astatic /əˈstætik/ adj.  1  not static; unstable or unsteady 不稳的，不稳定的 2 Physics  not tending to keep one position or direction 【物理学】无定位(或向)的 [Greek astatos ‘unstable’ (as A-1 + sta- ‘stand’)]

astatic galvanometer n.  a galvanometer in which the effect of the earth's magnetic field on the meter needle is greatly reduced (地球磁场对仪表指针影响大为减少的)无定向电流计

astatine /ˈæstəti:n/ n. Chem.  a radioactive element, the heaviest of the halogens, which occurs naturally and can be artificially made by nuclear bombardment of bismuth (symbol 符 At) 【化】(放射性元素)砹 [formed as ASTATIC + -INE4]

aster /ˈæstə/ n.  a plant of the genus Aster (daisy family), with bright rayed flowers, e.g. the Michaelmas daisy 紫菀属植物 [Latin, from Greek astēr ‘star’]

-aster /ˈæstə/ suffix  1  forming nouns denoting poor quality (criticaster 拙劣批评家 ; poetaster 蹩脚诗人，冒牌诗人) 构成名词，表示水平低劣的 2 Bot.  denoting incomplete resemblance (oleaster 胡颓子属植物 ; pinaster 松树类) 【植】表示不完全相像的 [Latin]

asterisk /ˈæstərisk/ n. & v. ●n.  a symbol (*) used in printing and writing to mark words etc. for reference, to stand for omitted matter, etc. (表示注释、删节等的)星号 (*) ●v. tr.  mark with an asterisk 标注星号 [Middle English via Late Latin asteriscus from Greek asteriskos, diminutive of astēr ‘star’]

asterism /ˈæstəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a cluster of stars 星群 2  a group of three asterisks calling attention to following text (提醒注意的)三星符号 [Greek asterismos (as ASTER, -ISM)]

astern /əˈstɜ:n/ adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) Naut. & Aeron. 【海】【空】  1  aft; away to the rear 在尾部；远在后部 2  backwards 向后 [A2 + STERN2]

asteroid /ˈæstərɔid/ n.  1  a small rocky body orbiting the sun, mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter (主要在火星与木星的轨道之间的)小行星 2 Zool.  a starfish 【动】海星鱼，海盘车鱼 □ asteroidal  /æstəˈrɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek asteroeidēs (as ASTER, -OID)]

asthenia /əsˈθi:niə/ n. Med.  loss of strength; debility 【医】无力；虚弱，衰弱 [modern Latin, from Greek astheneia from asthenēs ‘weak’]

asthenic /əsˈθenik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of lean or long-limbed build 肢体细长的 2 Med.  of or characterized by asthenia 【医】衰弱的，虚弱的 ●n.  a lean long-limbed person 身体廋长的人 [Greek asthenikos from asthenēs ‘weak’]

asthenosphere /əsˈθenəsfiə/ n. Geol.  the upper layer of the earth's mantle, whose capacity for gradual flow is thought to give rise to continental drift 【地质】软流圈(地幔的上一层，其缓慢的流动据认为能够促成大陆的漂移) [Greek asthenēs ‘weak’ + -O- + SPHERE]

asthma /ˈæsmə/ n.  a usu. allergic respiratory disease, often with paroxysms of difficult breathing 哮喘(病)，气喘(病) [Middle English from Greek asthma -matos, from azō ‘breathe hard’]

asthmatic /æsˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to or suffering from asthma 哮喘的；患哮喘的 ●n.  a person suffering from asthma 哮喘病人 □ asthmatically  adv.   [Latin asthmaticus from Greek asthmatikos (as ASTHMA, -IC)]

Asti /ˈæsti/ n. (pl. Astis)  an Italian white wine 阿斯蒂酒(一种意大利白葡萄汽酒) [Asti, a province in Piedmont]

astigmatism /əˈstiɡmətiz(ə)m/ n.  a defect in the eye or in a lens resulting in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus (眼睛或镜头中导致图像扭曲的)散光 □ astigmatic  /æstiɡˈmætik/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek stigma -matos ‘point’]

astilbe /əˈstilbi/ n.  a plant of the genus Astilbe (saxifrage family), with plumelike heads of tiny white or red flowers 落新妇属植物 [modern Latin from Greek (as A-1 + stilbē, fem. of stilbos ‘glittering’), from the inconspicuous (individual) flowers]

astir /əˈstɜ:/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  in motion 活动着地(的)，动起来 2  awake and out of bed 醒来；起床  astir early  早起 already astir  已经起床了 3  excited 激动的；引起骚动的 [A2 + STIR1 n.]

Asti spumante /spu:ˈmænti/ n.  a sparkling form of Asti 阿斯蒂汽酒泡沫

astonish /əˈstɒniʃ/ v. tr.  amaze; surprise greatly 震惊；使惊讶 □ astonishing  adj.  □ astonishingly  adv.  □ astonishment  n.   [obsolete astone via Old French estoner from Gallo-Roman, ultimately from Latin (as EX-1, tonare ‘to thunder’): see -ISH2]

astound /əˈstaʊnd/ v. tr.  shock with alarm or surprise; amaze 使惊骇；使大吃一惊 □ astounding  adj.  □ astoundingly  adv.   [obsolete astound (adj.) = astoned, past part. of obsolete astone: see ASTONISH]

astraddle /əˈstræd(ə)l/ adv. & predic. adj.  in a straddling position (两腿叉开)跨着(的)

astragal /ˈæstrəɡ(ə)l/ n. Archit.  a small semicircular moulding round the top or bottom of a column 【建】(柱子顶端或底端的)半圆饰；圆剖面小线脚 [ASTRAGALUS]

astragalus /əˈstræɡ(ə)ləs/ n. (pl. astragali /-lai/)  1 Anat. 【解】  = TALUS1  2  a leguminous plant of the genus Astragalus, e.g. the milk-vetch 黄芪属植物 [Latin, from Greek astragalos ‘ankle-bone, moulding, a plant’]

astrakhan /æstrəˈkæn/ n.  1  the dark curly fleece of young lambs from Astrakhan (俄罗斯)阿斯特拉罕羔羊皮 2  a cloth imitating astrakhan 仿阿斯特拉罕羔羊皮织物 [Astrakhan, a city and region in Russia]

astral /ˈæstr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or connected with the stars 星的，星形的 2  consisting of stars; starry 星状体的；多星的 3 Theosophy  relating to or arising from a supposed ethereal existence, esp. of a counterpart of the body, associated with oneself in life and surviving after death 【神智学】灵魂的，魂魄的 [Late Latin astralis from astrum ‘star’]

astray /əˈstrei/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  in or into error or sin (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 lead astray) 带入迷途，导入歧途 2  out of the right way 偏离正道 □ go astray   be lost or mislaid 走失；走上邪路，误入歧途 [Middle English from Old French estraié, past part. of estraier, ultimately from Latin extra ‘out of bounds’ + vagari ‘wander’]

astride /əˈstraid/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  with a leg on each side 跨，跨骑 2  with legs apart 双腿分开着 ●prep.  with a leg on each side of; extending across 横跨，跨着

astringent /əˈstrin(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  causing the contraction of body tissues (使肌体组织)收敛的 2  checking bleeding 止血的 3  severe, austere 严厉的；辛辣的，尖刻的 ●n.  an astringent substance or drug 收敛剂 □ astringency  n.  □ astringently  adv.   [French from Latin astringere (as AD-, stringere ‘bind’)]

astro- /ˈæstrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  relating to the stars or celestial objects 星的；天体的 2  relating to outer space 外层空间的 [Greek from astron ‘star’]

astrochemistry /æstrəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the study of molecules and radicals in interstellar space 天体化学

astrodome /ˈæstrədəʊm/ n.  1  a domed window in an aircraft for astronomical observations (飞机上的圆拱形)天文观测舱 2 esp. US  an enclosed stadium with a domed roof [尤美]有圆拱顶的体育场

astrohatch /ˈæstrəhætʃ/ n.  = ASTRODOME 

astroid /ˈæstrɔid/ n. Math.  a hypocycloid with four cusps (like a square with concave sides) 【数】星形线(即四边向内弯曲的方形) [Greek astron ‘star’ + -OID]

astrolabe /ˈæstrəleib/ n.  an instrument, usu. consisting of a disc and pointer, formerly used to make astronomical measurements, esp. of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and as an aid in navigation 星盘(尤指过去用于测量天体高度的仪器，也可用作导航的辅助工具) [Middle English via Old French astrelabe and medieval Latin astrolabium from Greek astrolabon, neut. of astrolabos ‘star-taking’]

astrology /əˈstrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as an influence on human affairs 占星术，占星学 □ astrologer  n.  □ astrological  /æstrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ astrologist  n.   [Middle English via Old French astrologie and Latin astrologia from Greek (as ASTRO-, -LOGY)]

astronaut /ˈæstrənɔ:t/ n.  a person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft 宇航员，航天员 □ astronautical  /æstrəˈnɔ:tik(ə)l/ adj.   [ASTRO-, on the pattern of aeronaut, aquanaut]

astronautics /æstrəˈnɔ:tiks/ n.  the science of space travel 航天学，宇宙航行学

astronomical /æstrəˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 astronomic)  1  of or relating to astronomy 天文的，天体的；天文学的 2  extremely large; too large to contemplate 天文数字的，极巨大的 □ astronomically  adv.   [Latin astronomicus from Greek astronomikos]

astronomical unit n.  a unit of measurement in astronomy equal to the mean distance from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun, 1.496 × 1011 metres or 92.9 million miles 天文单位(地球与太阳间的平均距离，约为 9,290 万英里)

astronomical year  see 见 YEAR n. 1 

astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n.  the scientific study of celestial objects, of space, and of the physical universe as a whole 天文学 □ astronomer  n.   [Middle English via Old French astronomie and Latin from Greek astronomia, from astronomos (adj.) ‘star-arranging’, from astron ‘star’, nemō ‘arrange’]

astrophysics /æstrə(ʊ)ˈfiziks/ n.  a branch of astronomy concerned with the physics and chemistry of celestial bodies 天体物理学(天文学分支，研究天体的物理化学性质) □ astrophysical  adj.  □ astrophysicist  /-sist/ n.  

AstroTurf /ˈæstrətɜ:f/ n. propr.  an artificial grass surface, esp. for sports fields [商标]阿斯特罗草皮(尤指铺设运动场用的一种人造草皮) □ astroturfed  adj.   [Astro dome, name of a sports stadium in Texas where it was first used, + TURF]

astute /əˈstju:t/ adj.  1  shrewd; sagacious 精明的；睿智的 2  crafty 狡猾的，诡计多端的 □ astutely  adv.  □ astuteness  n.   [obsolete French astut or Latin astutus, from astus ‘craft’]

Asunción /əˌsu:nsiˈəun/ n.  亚松森 [巴拉圭首都]

asunder /əˈsʌndə/ adv. literary  apart [文学用语]分开，分离 [Old English on sundran ‘into pieces’: cf. SUNDER]

asylum /əˈsailəm/ n.  1  sanctuary; protection, esp. for those pursued by the law (尤指那些受到法律追究的人的)避难所，庇护所  seek asylum  寻求避难 2 esp. hist.  any of various kinds of institution offering shelter and support to distressed or destitute individuals, esp. the mentally ill [尤史义]收容所，贫民院；精神病院 [Middle English via Latin from Greek asulon ‘refuge’ (as A-1, sulon ‘right of seizure’)]

asymmetry /æˈsimitri, ei-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  lack of symmetry 不对称 2  an instance of this 不对称物 □ asymmetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ asymmetrical  /-ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ asymmetrically  /-ˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek asummetria (as A-1, SYMMETRY)]

asymptomatic /əsimptəˈmætik, ei-/ adj.  producing or showing no symptoms 无症状的

asymptote /ˈæsim(p)təʊt/ n.  a line that continually approaches a given curve but does not meet it at a finite distance 渐近线(一条不断靠近某一曲线但并不与之相交的线) □ asymptotic  /æsim(p)ˈtɒtik/ adj.  □ asymptotically  /æsim(p)ˈtɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin asymptota (linea ‘line’) from Greek asumptōtos ‘not falling together’ (as A-1, sun ‘together’ + ptōtos ‘falling’ from piptō ‘fall’)]

asynchronous /əˈsiŋkrənəs, ei-/ adj.  not synchronous 不同时的；异步的 □ asynchronously  adv.  

asyndeton /əˈsindit(ə)n/ n. (pl. asyndeta /-tə/)  the omission of a conjunction 连词省略 □ asyndetic  /æsinˈdetik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek asundeton, neut. adj. from A-1 + sundetos ‘bound together’]

At symb. Chem.  the element astatine [符]【化】(化学元素)砹

at /æt, ət/ prep.  1  expressing position, exact or approximate (表示位置)在，于  wait at the corner  在角落等候 at the top of the hill  在山顶 met at Bath  在巴斯见面 is at school  在学校 at a distance  在一定距离处 2  expressing a point in time 表示(时间的)某一点  see you at three  3 点钟见 went at dawn  在黎明时出发 3  expressing a point in a scale or range 表示(一定标尺或范围中的)某一点  at boiling point  处于沸点 at his best  在他的最佳状态 4  expressing engagement or concern in a state or activity 表示处于某种状态或活动中  at war  处于战争状态 at work  在工作 at odds  意见不一 5  expressing a value or rate 表示价值或比率  sell at £ 10 each  每个卖 10 英镑 6  a  with or with reference to; in terms of 对于，关于；在…方面  at a disadvantage  处于不利地位 annoyed at losing  对失利不满 good at cricket  擅长板球 play at fighting  打闹 sick at heart  心脏有病 came at a run  跑着过来 at short notice  接通知后即刻… work at it  致力于有关它的工作b  in response to 作为对…的反应  starts at a touch  触摸一下就吓了一跳c  by means of 用…手段，通过…  drank it at a gulp  一大口喝光 7  expressing 表示 :a  motion towards (动作)朝，向  arrived at the station  到达车站 went at them  向他们奔去b  aim towards or pursuit of (physically or conceptually) 瞄向…；以…为目标  aim at the target  瞄准目标 work at a solution  研究解决方案 guess at the truth  猜测真相 laughed at us  嘲笑我们 has been at the milk again  又不听话了 □ at all   see 见 ALL □ at hand   see 见 HAND □ at home   see 见 HOME □ at it   1  engaged in an activity; working hard 在忙碌，在苦干 2 colloq.  repeating a habitual (usu. disapproved of) activity [口] (经常或习惯性的)胡闹，恶作剧  found them at it again  发现他们又在胡闹□ at once   see 见 ONCE □ at that   moreover 而且，另外  found one, and a good one at that  找到一个，而且是不错的一个□ at times   see 见 TIME □ where it's at  slang  the fashionable scene or activity [俚语]有重大活动的地方 [Old English œt from Germanic, related to Latin ad ‘to’]

at- /æt, ət/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before t (在 t 前)AD- 的同化形式

Atabrine var.  of ATEBRIN  ATEBRIN 的变体

ataractic /ætəˈræktik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 ataraxic /-ˈræksik/) ●adj.  calming or tranquillizing 平静的，镇静的 ●n.  a tranquillizing drug 镇静剂，安神药 [Greek ataraktos ‘calm’: cf. ATARAXY]

ataraxy /ˈætəræksi/ n. (also 亦作 ataraxia /ætəˈræksiə/)  calmness or tranquillity; imperturbability 平静，安静；镇静自若 [French ataraxie from Greek ataraxia ‘impassiveness’]

atavism /ˈætəviz(ə)m/ n.  1  a resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents in plants or animals (植物或动物的)隔代遗传 2  reversion to an earlier type 返祖现象 □ atavistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  □ atavistically  /-ˈvistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French atavisme from Latin atavus ‘great-grandfather's grandfather’]

ataxy /əˈtæksi/ n. (also 亦作 ataxia /-siə/) Med.  the loss of full control of bodily movements 【医】共济失调(症) □ ataxic  adj.   [modern Latin ataxia from Greek (as A-1 + taxis ‘order’)]

at bat n. & adv. Baseball 【棒球】  ●n.  1  an inning 一局，一个回合 2  a player's turn at batting (轮到某队员的)击球 ●adv.  batting 击球中

ATC abbr. [缩略]  1  air traffic control 空中交通管制 2  Air Training Corps 航空训练团

ate past  of EAT  

-ate1 /ət, eit/ suffix  1  forming nouns denoting 构成名词，意为 :a  status or office (doctorate 博士学位 ; episcopate 主教之职) 地位；职位b  state or function (curate 助理牧师 ; magistrate 文职官员 ; mandate 命令) 状态；职能 2  forming nouns denoting a group (electorate 选民) 构成名词，表示“一类” 3 Chem.  forming nouns denoting the salt of an acid with a corresponding name ending in -ic (chlorate 氯酸盐 ; nitrate 硝酸盐) 【化】构成名词，表示酸根名以 -ic 结尾的盐类 4 Chem.  forming nouns denoting a product (condensate 冷凝物 ; filtrate 滤出液) 【化】构成名词，表示某种产出物 [from or suggested by Old French -at or é(e), or from Latin -atus noun or past part.: cf. -ATE2]

-ate2 /ət, eit/ suffix  1  forming adjectives and nouns (associate 副的 ; delegate 代表 ; duplicate 复制品 ; separate 分开的) 构成形容词和名词 2  forming adjectives from Latin or English nouns and adjectives (cordate 心脏性的 ; insensate 无感觉的 ; Italianate 意大利风格的) 用于某些拉丁或英语名词和形容词，构成形容词 [from or influenced by French -é or its source, Latin -atus, past part. of verbs ending in -are]

-ate3 /eit/ suffix  forming verbs (associate 联系 ; duplicate 复制 ; fascinate 入迷 ; hyphenate 用连字符连接 ; separate 分开) 构成动词 [from or influenced by French -er or its source, Latin -are (past part. -atus): cf. -ATE2]

A-team n.  a group consisting of one's best workers, advisers, etc. 最佳(工作、顾问)团队 [from sports terminology in which an organization's A-team is its best team]

Atebrin /ˈætibrin/ n. (also 亦作 Atabrine /-bri:n/) propr. [商标]  = QUINACRINE  [20th c.: origin unknown]

atelier /əˈteliei/ n.  a workshop or studio, esp. of an artist or designer (尤指艺术家或设计师的)工作室；画室 [French]

a tempo /ɑ: ˈtempəʊ/ adv. Mus.  in the previous tempo 【音】同前速度 [Italian, literally ‘in time’]

Athanasian Creed /æθəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a summary of Christian doctrine formerly attributed to Athanasius (bishop of Alexandria d. 373), but probably dating from the 5th c. 亚大纳西信经(基督教教义之一，据称为亚历山大城主教亚大纳西所著)

atheism /ˈeiθiiz(ə)m/ n.  the theory or belief that God does not exist 无神论 □ atheist  n.  □ atheistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ atheistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.   [French athéisme from Greek atheos ‘without God’ (as A-1 + theos ‘god’)]

atheling /ˈæθ(ə)liŋ/ n. hist.  a prince or lord in Anglo-Saxon England [史义] (英国盎格鲁－撒克逊时代的)王子；贵族 [Old English œtheling, from a West Germanic base meaning ‘race, family’: see -ING3]

athematic /æθiˈmætik, ei-/ adj.  1 Mus.  not based on the use of themes 【音】无主题的 2 Gram. (of a verb form) having a suffix attached to the stem without a connecting (thematic) vowel 【语法】(动词形式)有后缀加于词干但无连接元音的

athenaeum /æθiˈni:əm/ n. (US [美] atheneum)  1  an institution for literary or scientific study 文学俱乐部；科学协会 2  a library 图书馆 [Late Latin Athenaeum from Greek Athēnaion ‘temple of Athene’ (used as a place of teaching)]

Athenian /əˈθi:niən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of ancient or modern Athens 雅典人 ●adj.  of or relating to Athens 雅典人的 [Latin Atheniensis from Athenae, from Greek Athēnai ‘Athens’, principal city of Greece]

Athens /ˈæθinz/ n.  雅典 [希腊首都]

atherosclerosis /ˌæθərəʊskliəˈrəʊsis, -sklə-/ n.  a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the degeneration of the arteries because of the build-up of fatty deposits (由脂肪积存形成的)动脉粥样硬化 □ atherosclerotic  /-ˈrɒtik/ adj.   [German Atherosklerose, from Greek athērē ‘groats’ + SCLEROSIS]

athirst /əˈθɜ:st/ predic. adj. poet. [诗]  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  eager 渴望的  athirst for knowledge  渴望知识 2  thirsty 口渴的 [Old English ofthyrst for ofthyrsted, past part. of ofthyrstan ‘be thirsty’]

athlete /ˈæθli:t/ n.  1  a skilled performer in physical exercises, esp. Brit. in track and field events 运动员；[尤英]田径运动员 2  a healthy person with natural athletic ability 身强力壮的人 [Latin athleta from Greek athlētēs, from athlein ‘contend for a prize’ from athlon ‘prize’]

athlete's foot n.  a fungal foot condition affecting esp. the skin between the toes 足癣，脚癣

athletic /æθˈletik/ adj.  1  of or relating to athletes or athletics 运动的，运动员的  an athletic competition  体育运动竞赛 2  muscular or physically powerful 肌肉发达的；体格健壮的 □ athletically  adv.  □ athleticism  /-ˈletisiz(ə)m/ n.   [French athlétique or Latin athleticus from Greek athlētikos (as ATHLETE, -IC)]

athletics /æθˈletiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  track and field events 田径项目  often 常作 attrib. athletics meeting  田径运动会b  the practice of these 田径运动，竞技 2 N. Amer.  physical sports and games of any kind [北美]体育运动，体育比赛

at-home n.  a social reception in a person's home 家庭招待会

athwart /əˈθwɔ:t/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  1  across from side to side (usu. obliquely) 横跨过；斜穿过 2  perversely or in opposition 颠倒地；对立地 ●prep.  1  from side to side of 横跨，横过 2  in opposition to 与…相对立 [A2 + THWART]

-atic /ˈætik/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns (aquatic 水生的 ; fanatic 狂热分子 ; idiomatic 具有习语特点的) 构成形容词和名词 [French -atique or Latin -aticus, often ultimately from Greek -atikos]

atilt /əˈtilt/ adv.  tilted and nearly falling 倾斜地；几乎要倒地 [A2 + TILT]

-ation /ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  1  forming nouns denoting an action or an instance of it (alteration 更改 ; flirtation 调情 ; hesitation 犹豫) 构成名词，表示动作或实例 2  forming nouns denoting a result or product of action (plantation 种植 ; starvation 饥饿 ; vexation 恼怒) (see also 另见 -FICATION) 构成名词，表示动作结果 [from or suggested by French -ation or from Latin -atio -ationis from verbs ending in -are: see -ION]

-ative /ətiv, ˈeitiv/ suffix  forming adjectives denoting a characteristic or propensity (authoritative 权威的 ; imitative 模仿的 ; pejorative 退化的 ; qualitative 性质上的 ; talkative 爱说话的) 构成形容词，表示特征或倾向 [from or suggested by French -atif -ative or from Latin -ativus from past part. stem -at- of verbs ending in -are + -ivus (see -IVE): cf. -ATIC]

Atlanta /ətˈlæntə/ n.  亚特兰大 [美国城市]

Atlantean /ætˈlæntiən, ætlənˈti:ən/ adj.  1 literary  of or like Atlas, esp. in physical strength [文学用语] (像)巨人阿特拉斯的；力大无双的 2  of or relating to the legendary lost civilization of Atlantis (传说中的)亚特兰蒂斯文明的 [sense 1 from Latin Atlanteus (as ATLAS): sense 2 from Greek Atlantis]

atlantes /ætˈlænti:z/ n. pl. Archit.  male figures carved in stone and used as columns to support the entablature of a Greek or Greek-style building 【建】(希腊风格建筑中起支撑作用的)男像石柱 [Greek, pl. of Atlas: see ATLAS]

Atlantic /ætˈlæntik/ n. & adj. ●n. (作 the Atlantic)  = ATLANTIC OCEAN  ●adj.  of or adjoining the Atlantic 大西洋的；毗邻大西洋的 [Middle English via Latin Atlanticus from Greek Atlantikos (as ATLAS, -IC): originally of the Atlas Mountains, then of the sea near the W. African coast]

Atlanticism /ætˈlæntiˌsiz(ə)m/ n.  belief in or support for Nato or the close relationship between western Europe and the US 大西洋主义(指加强北约组织或西欧与美国之间亲密关系的信仰或主张) □ Atlanticist  n. & adj.  

Atlantic Ocean n.  the ocean between Europe and Africa to the east, and America to the west 大西洋(东岸为欧洲和非洲，西岸为美国)

Atlantic Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Atlantic Time)  the standard time in a zone including the easternmost parts of mainland Canada, four hours behind GMT 大西洋标准时间(指包括加拿大领土最东部地区在内的、比格林威治标准时间晚 4 小时的时区)

atlas /ˈætləs/ n.  1  a book of maps or charts 地图册；图表集 2 Anat.  the cervical vertebra of the backbone articulating with the skull at the neck 【解】寰椎，第一颈椎 [Latin from Greek Atlas -antos, the name of a Titan who held up the pillars of the universe, whose picture appeared at the beginning of early atlases]

ATM abbr.  automated teller machine [缩略]自动取款机

atm abbr. Physics [缩略]【物理学】  atmosphere(s) 

atman /ˈɑ:tmən/ n. Hinduism 【印度教】  1  the real self 生命本源，自我 2  the supreme spiritual principle 至高精神法则 [Sanskrit ɑˉtmɑˊn ‘essence, breath’]

atmosphere /ˈætməsfiə/ n.  1  a  the envelope of gases surrounding the earth, any other planet, or any substance 大气，大气层b  the air in any particular place, esp. if unpleasant (尤指使人不快的任何特定场所的)空气 2  a  the pervading tone or mood of a place or situation, esp. with reference to the feelings or emotions evoked (尤指感觉或情绪上的)气氛，氛围b  the feelings or emotions evoked by a work of art, a piece of music, etc. (由艺术作品、音乐作品等引起的)情绪，感受c  a feeling of tension between people, caused by a disagreement etc. (由意见不合等引起的)紧张气氛 3 Physics  a unit of pressure equal to mean atmospheric pressure at sea level, 101,325 pascals (abbr. 缩略 : atm) 【物理学】(标准)大气压(压力单位，等于海平面标准气压， 101,325 帕斯卡) □ atmospheric  /-ˈferik/ adj.  □ atmospherical  /-ˈferik(ə)l/ adj.  □ atmospherically  /-ˈferik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin atmosphaera from Greek atmos ‘vapour’: see SPHERE]

atmospherics /ætməsˈferiks/ n. pl.  1  electrical disturbance in the atmosphere, esp. caused by lightning 天电，大气干扰(尤指由雷电引起的) 2  interference with telecommunications caused by this 天电对通讯的干扰 3  a  actions intended to create a particular atmosphere or mood 企图制造某种气氛或情绪的行动b  a deliberately created atmosphere or mood (蓄意营造的)氛围，气氛

atoll /ˈætɒl, əˈtɒl/ n.  a ring-shaped coral reef enclosing a lagoon 环状珊瑚岛，环礁 [Maldivian atolu]

atom /ˈætəm/ n.  1  a  the smallest particle of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction 原子b  this particle as a source of nuclear energy 原子能 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  the least portion of a thing or quality 丝毫，微量  not an atom of pity  没有丝毫怜悯 [Middle English via Old French atome and Latin atomus from Greek atomos ‘indivisible’]

atom bomb n.  a bomb which derives its power from the release of energy by nuclear fission 原子弹

atomic /əˈtɒmik/ adj.  1  concerned with or using atomic energy or atom bombs 原子能的；原子弹的 2  of or relating to an atom or atoms 原子的 □ atomically  adv.   [modern Latin atomicus (as ATOM, -IC)]

atomic bomb n.  = ATOM BOMB 

atomic clock n.  a clock in which the periodic process (timescale) is regulated by the vibrations of an atomic or molecular system, such as caesium or ammonia (利用原子或分子震荡计时的)原子钟

atomic energy n.  nuclear energy 原子能，核能

atomicity /ætəˈmisiti/ n.  1  the number of atoms in the molecules of an element 原子数 2  the state or fact of being composed of atoms 原子构成状态

atomic mass n.  the mass of an atom measured in atomic mass units 原子质量

atomic mass unit n.  a unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights that is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (abbr. 缩略 : amu) 原子质量单位(为碳 12 原子质量的 1/12)

atomic number n.  the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table (symbol 符 Z) (化学元素在周期表中的)原子序数

atomic physics n.  the branch of physics concerned with the structure of the atom and the characteristics of the subatomic particles 原子物理学

atomic pile n.  a nuclear reactor 原子反应堆，核反应堆

atomic power n.  nuclear power 原子动力，核动力

atomic spectrum n.  the emission or absorption spectrum arising from electron transitions inside an atom and characteristic of the element 原子光谱

atomic structure n.  the structure of an atom as being a central positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged orbiting electrons 原子结构

atomic theory n.  1 Physics  the theory that atoms are composed of subatomic particles 【物理学】(主张原子是由更小原子微粒组成的)原子理论 2  the theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms, and esp. that the atoms of any one element are identical but differ from those of other elements and unite to form compounds in fixed proportions (认为物质是由基本粒子原子组成，每一元素所有原子都相同，但与其他元素不同，并可按一定比例构成复合元素的)原子理论 3 Philos.  atomism 【哲】原子论，原子说

atomic warfare n.  warfare involving the use of atom bombs 原子战争

atomic weight n.  = RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS 

atomism /ˈætəmiz(ə)m/ n.  1 Philos.  the theory that all matter consists of tiny individual particles 【哲】原子论，原子说 2 Psychol.  the theory that mental states are made up of elementary units 【心】心理原素论(认为心理状态是由多种要素单元构成的) □ atomist  n.  □ atomistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  

atomize /ˈætəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  reduce to atoms or fine particles 使分裂为原子或微粒子 2  fragment 使粉碎；使分化  atomized society  分裂的社会 □ atomization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

atomizer /ˈætəmaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  an instrument for emitting liquids as a fine spray 喷雾器，雾化器

atom smasher n. colloq. [口]  = ACCELERATOR 2 

atomy /ˈætəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic [古义]  1  a skeleton 骨架，骨骼 2  an emaciated body 皮包骨的躯体 [ANATOMY taken as an atomy]

atonal /eiˈtəʊn(ə)l, ə-/ adj. Mus.  not written in any key or mode 【音】无调性的 □ atonality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  

atone /əˈtəʊn/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  make amends; expiate (for a wrong) 弥补，补偿；赎罪 [back-formation from ATONEMENT]

atonement /əˈtəʊnm(ə)nt/ n.  1  expiation; reparation for a wrong or injury 弥补，补偿；赎罪 2  the reconciliation of God and man (神与人的)调和，合而为一 □ the Atonement   the expiation by Christ of mankind's sin 耶稣之为人类赎罪 [at one + -MENT, influenced by medieval Latin adunamentum and earlier onement from obsolete one (v.) ‘to unite’]

atonic /əˈtɒnik/ adj.  1  without accent or stress 无口音(或无重音)的 2 Med.  lacking bodily tone 【医】(身体)无张力的，松驰的 □ atony  /ˈætəni/ n.  

atop /əˈtɒp/ adv. & prep. ●adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  on the top 在顶部 ●prep.  on the top of 在…顶部

-ator /eitə/ suffix  forming agent nouns, usu. from Latin words (sometimes via French) (agitator 煽动者 ; creator 创造者 ; equator 赤道 ; escalator 电动扶梯) See also 另见 -OR1 构成(人、物)名词，通常源于拉丁词(有时源于法语) [Latin -ator]

-atory /ət(ə)ri/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘relating to or involving (a verbal action)’ (amatory 恋爱的 ; explanatory 解释的 ; predatory 掠夺的) See also 另见 -ORY2 构成形容词，意为“关于”或“涉及”(某一动词动作) [Latin -atorius]

ATP abbr.  adenosine triphosphate [缩略]三磷酸腺苷

atrabilious /ætrəˈbiliəs/ adj. literary  melancholy; ill-tempered [文学用语]抑郁的；暴躁的 [Latin atra bilis ‘black bile’, translation of Greek melagkholia MELANCHOLY]

atrium /ˈeitriəm/ n. (pl. atriums or atria /-triə/)  1  a  the central court of an ancient Roman house (古代罗马式房屋的)中庭，正厅b  a usu. skylit central court rising through several storeys with galleries and rooms opening off at each level (建筑中有透明屋顶的通常有几层楼高的)中央大厅c (in a modern house) a central hall or glazed court with rooms opening off it (现代建筑中的)中厅；天井 2 Anat.  a cavity in the body, esp. one of the two upper cavities of the heart, receiving blood from the veins 【解】体腔(尤指心房) □ atrial  adj.   [Latin]

atrocious /əˈtrəʊʃəs/ adj.  1  very bad or unpleasant 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的  atrocious weather  恶劣的天气 their manners were atrocious  他们的行为举止很不好 2  extremely savage or wicked 极残暴的；极凶恶的  atrocious cruelty  凶残恶毒 □ atrociously  adv.  □ atrociousness  n.   [Latin atrox -ocis ‘cruel’]

atrocity /əˈtrɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an extremely wicked or cruel act, esp. one involving physical violence or injury 凶恶；残暴(尤指针对人身的暴行或伤害) 2  extreme wickedness 极端邪恶 [French atrocité or Latin atrocitas (as ATROCIOUS, -ITY)]

atrophy /ˈætrəfi/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  waste away through undernourishment, ageing, or lack of use; become emaciated (由于营养不足、年迈或缺乏使用而)萎缩；衰退 2 tr.  cause to atrophy 使萎缩；使衰退 ●n.  the process of atrophying; emaciation 萎缩；衰退，退化 [French atrophie or Late Latin atrophia from Greek (as A-1 + trophē ‘food’)]

atropine /ˈætrəpi:n, -in/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid found in deadly nightshade, used in medicine to dilate the pupil of the eye, and to treat intestinal spasm and counteract slowing of the heart 阿托品(茄属植物中的一种，有毒碱) [modern Latin Atropa belladonna ‘deadly nightshade’ from Greek Atropos ‘inflexible’, the name of one of the Fates]

attach /əˈtætʃ/ v.  1 tr.  fasten, affix, join 附上；系上；连接 2 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to)  be very fond of or devoted to 喜爱；依恋于  am deeply attached to her  对她有着深深的依恋 3 tr.  attribute, assign (some function, quality, or characteristic) 把…归于；赋予(功能、属性、特征等)  can you attach a name to it?  你能给它取一个名字吗？ attaches great importance to it  认为此事十分重要 4  a tr.  include; cause to form part of a thing 附加；附属；使成为一部分  no conditions are attached  不附加任何条件b intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be an attribute or characteristic 使(某特征或特点)附着于  great prestige attaches to the job  此工作带有崇高的荣誉 5 refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  take part in; join 参加；加入  attached themselves to the expedition  他们参加此次探险 6 tr.  appoint for special or temporary duties 指定，指派(承担特殊或临时责任) 7 tr. Law  seize (a person or property) by legal authority 【法律】(司法机构)查封(财产)；扣押(某人) □ attachable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French estachier ‘fasten’ from Germanic: in Law sense via Old French atachier]

attachment /əˈtætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a thing attached or to be attached, esp. to a machine, device, etc., for a special function (尤指机器、设备等的)附件，附属物 2  affection, devotion 钟情；热爱 3  a means of attaching 连接手段 4  the act of attaching or the state of being attached 连接，联系 5  legal seizure 查封，扣押 6 Brit.  a temporary position in, or secondment to, an organization [英]临时职务，临时委派(到某组织) [Middle English from French attachement, from attacher (as ATTACH, -MENT)]

attaché /əˈtæʃei/ n.  1  a person appointed to an ambassador's staff, usu. with a special sphere of activity (大使的)随员；专员  military attaché  武官 press attaché  新闻专员 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = ATTACHÉ CASE  [French, past part. of attacher: see ATTACH]

attaché case n.  a small flat rectangular case for carrying documents etc. 公文包

attack /əˈtæk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  act against with (esp. armed) force (尤指用武力)攻击，进攻 2 tr.  seek to hurt or defeat 袭击，击败 3 tr.  criticize adversely 批评，抨击 4 tr.  act harmfully upon 侵害；侵蚀，腐蚀  a virus attacking the nervous system  侵害神经系统的一种病毒 rust had attacked the metal  铁锈腐蚀了这块金属 5 tr.  vigorously apply oneself to; begin work on 干劲十足地投身于；开始着手干  attacked his meal with gusto  津津有味地享用他的大餐 6 tr. (in various games) try to score goals, points, etc. against (one's opponents) (在各种运动中)试图战胜(对手)得分 7 intr.  make an attack 发起攻击；进行抨击 8 intr.  be in a mode of attack 处于攻击状态 ●n.  1  an act, or the process, of acting against a person or thing with (esp. armed) force; an offensive operation or mode of behaviour (武装)攻击，进攻；攻击行动 2  a sudden occurrence of an illness (疾病的)突然发作 3  gusto, vigour 兴致；充沛的精力，活力 4 Mus.  the action or manner of beginning a piece, passage, etc. 【音】(乐曲、乐章等的)起声，起奏 5  a player or players seeking to score goals etc. (试图突破得分的)进攻队员 □ attacker  n.   [French attaque, attaquer from Italian attacco ‘attack’, attaccare ATTACH]

attain /əˈtein/ v.  1 tr.  arrive at; reach (a goal etc.) 到达；达到(目的等) 2 tr.  gain, accomplish (an aim, distinction, etc.) 获得，实现(目标、地位等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  arrive at by conscious development or effort (经过努力)获得，达到 □ attainable  adj.  □ attainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ attainableness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French atain-, atein-, Old French ataign- ‘stem of ataindre’ from Latin attingere (as AD-, tangere ‘touch’)]

attainder /əˈteində/ n. hist.  the forfeiture of land and civil rights suffered as a consequence of a sentence of death for treason or felony [史义] (因叛国罪或其他重罪而被判处死刑后的)被剥夺财产和公民权利 □ act (or bill) of attainder   an item of legislation inflicting attainder without judicial process (无需司法程序的)褫夺公民权利法令 [Middle English from Anglo-French, = Old French ateindre ATTAIN, used as a noun: see -ER6]

attainment /əˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  something attained or achieved; an accomplishment 获得物；成就 2  the act or an instance of attaining 达到；获得；到达

attaint /əˈteint/ v. tr.  1 hist.  subject to attainder [史义]遭受剥夺财产权的处罚 2  a (of disease etc.) strike, affect. (疾病等)发作；侵袭b  taint 污辱；沾污 [Middle English from obsolete attaint (adj.) from Old French ataint, ateint past part. of ataindre (see ATTAIN): confused in meaning with TAINT]

attar /ˈætə/ n. (also 亦作 otto /ˈɒtəʊ/)  a fragrant essential oil, esp. from rose petals 花油(尤指从玫瑰花瓣中提取的香精油) [Persian ˈatar from Arabic ˈiṭ r ‘perfume’]

attempt /əˈtem(p)t/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  seek to achieve or complete (a task or action) 企图，试图完成(某项任务或行动)  attempted the exercise  试着去做这道练习 attempted to explain  试图解释 2  seek to climb or master (a mountain etc.) 试图征服(高山等) ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or to + infin.)  an act of attempting; an endeavour 尝试；企图；努力  made an attempt at winning  试图取得胜利 an attempt to succeed  为成功而努力 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  an attack; an effort to overcome 攻击，进攻；冲击；克服  an attempt on his life  企图谋害他 attempt on the world record  冲击世界记录 □ attempt the life of  archaic  try to kill [古义]试图杀掉，谋杀□ attemptable  adj.   [Old French attempter from Latin attemptare (as AD-, temptare TEMPT)]

attend /əˈtend/ v.  1 tr.  a  be present at 出席，参加  attended the meeting  出席会议b  go regularly to 定期地参加  attends the local school  在当地的学校上学 2 intr.  a  be present 到场  many members failed to attend  很多成员未能到场b  be present in a serving capacity; wait 照顾；侍候 3  a tr.  escort, accompany 护送，护卫；陪伴  the king was attended by soldiers  国王由士兵护卫b intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  wait on; serve 侍候；服务 4 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  turn or apply one's mind; focus one's attention 专心致志；注意  attend to what I am saying  注意我说的话 was not attending  心不在焉b (foll. by 后跟 to)  deal with 处理；着手解决  shall attend to the matter myself  我将自己处理此事 5 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  follow as a result from 伴随；导致  the error was attended by serious consequences  那个错误导致了严重后果 □ attender  n.   [Middle English via Old French atendre from Latin attendere (as AD-, tendere tent- ‘stretch’)]

attendance /əˈtend(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act of attending or being present 出席；出勤；到场 2  the number of people present 出席(出勤)人数  a high attendance  出勤率高 [Middle English from Old French atendance (as ATTEND, -ANCE)]

attendance allowance n. (in the UK) a state benefit paid to disabled people in need of constant care at home (英国) (国家对无自理能力的人的)家庭护理补贴

attendance centre n. (in the UK) a place where young offenders report by order of a court as a minor penalty (英国) (法院传讯少年罪犯进行轻微处罚的)少年管教中心

attendant /əˈtend(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person employed to wait on others or provide a service 服务员；侍者  cloakroom attendant  衣帽间服务员 museum attendant  博物馆服务员 ●adj.  1  accompanying 伴随的，陪伴的  attendant circumstances  伴随情况 2  waiting on; serving 侍候的；护理的  ladies attendant on the queen  服侍王后的宫女 [Middle English from Old French (as ATTEND, -ANT)]

attendee /ætenˈdi:/ n.  a person who attends (a meeting etc.) (会议等的)出席者

attention /əˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the act or faculty of applying one's mind 注意；注意力  give me your attention  注意我这里 attract his attention  吸引他的注意力 2  a  consideration 思考，考虑  give attention to the problem  考虑这个问题b  care 关心，关注  give special attention to your handwriting  特别注意你的书写 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  ceremonious politeness 礼貌，彬彬有礼  he paid his attentions to her  他对她彬彬有礼b  wooing, courting 追求，求爱  she was the subject of his attentions  她是他追求的对象 4 Mil.  an erect attitude of readiness 【军】立正恭候  stand at attention  立正站着 ●int.  1 (in full 全称 stand at or to attention!) Mil.  an order to assume an attitude of attention 【军】立正！  2  an imperative warning, to gain attention (祈使)要求注意，请求注意  attention please!  请注意！ □ attentional  adj.   [Middle English from Latin attentio (as ATTEND, -ION)]

attentive /əˈtentiv/ adj.  1  concentrating; paying attention 专心的，聚精会神的；注意的 2  assiduously polite 礼貌的；体贴的 3  heedful 留心的，留意的 □ attentively  adv.  □ attentiveness  n.   [Middle English from French attentif -ive from attente, Old French atente, fem. past part. of atendre ATTEND]

attenuate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /əˈtenjʊeit/  1  make thin 使稀薄 2  reduce in force, value, or virulence 削弱，降低(力量、价值、毒性等) 3 Electr.  reduce the amplitude of (a signal or current) 【电】使(信号或电流)减弱 ●adj. /əˈtenjʊət/  1  slender 纤细的，细小的 2  tapering gradually 逐渐变细(变尖)的 3  rarefied 稀薄的，稀释了的 □ attenuated  adj.  □ attenuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ attenuator  n.   [Latin attenuare (as AD-, tenuis ‘thin’)]

attest /əˈtest/ v.  1 tr.  a  certify the validity of 保证…有效性b  be evidence of 证明，验证 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  bear witness to 为…作证 3 esp. Brit. Mil. hist. [尤英]【军】[史义]  a intr.  declare oneself willing to serve if called upon 宣誓将应召参军b tr.  recruit by putting on oath to serve if called upon (通过使宣誓)招募(军人) □ attestable  adj.  □ attestor  n.   [French attester from Latin attestari (as AD-, testis ‘witness’)]

attestation /æteˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of attesting 证明 2  a testimony 证据，证词 [French attestation or Late Latin attestatio (as ATTEST, -ATION)]

Attic /ˈætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Athens or Attica, or the form of Greek spoken there 雅典的；阿提卡(古希腊一地名)的；雅典(或阿提卡)方言的 ●n.  the form of Greek used by the ancient Athenians 阿提卡方言(古代雅典人所用希腊语) [Latin Atticus from Greek Attikos]

attic /ˈætik/ n.  1  the uppermost storey in a house, usu. under the roof 阁楼，顶楼 2  a room in the attic area 屋顶室 [French attique, as ATTIC: originally (Archit.) a small order (column and entablature) above a taller one]

atticism /ˈætisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  extreme elegance of speech 典雅的用语 2  an instance of this 典雅的言辞 [Greek Attikismos (as ATTIC, -ISM)]

Attic salt n. (also 亦作 Attic wit)  refined wit 典雅而精义的妙语

attire /əˈtaiə/ v. & n. formal [正式] ●v. tr.  dress, esp. in fine clothes or formal wear 穿衣；(尤指)穿上盛装 ●n.  clothes, esp. fine or formal 着装，盛装 [Middle English from Old French atir(i)er ‘equip’ from ɑˋ tire ‘in order’, of unknown origin]

attitude /ˈætitju:d/ n.  1  a  a settled opinion or (also 亦作 attitude of mind) way of thinking 固定的看法，心态b  behaviour reflecting this 态度；举动  I don't like his attitude  我不喜欢他的态度 2  a  a bodily posture (身体的)姿态，姿势b  a pose adopted in a painting or a play, esp. for dramatic effect (绘画或表演中摆出的)姿势  strike an attitude  摆出一个姿势 3  the position of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc., in relation to specified directions (飞机、飞船等的)位置；姿态 4 esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  a  truculence; a lack of cooperation; arrogance 粗野；不合作；傲慢b  style, swagger 风度；大摇大摆 □ attitudinal  /ætiˈtju:din(ə)l/ adj.   [French via Italian attitudine ‘fitness, posture’, from Late Latin aptitudo -dinis from aptus ‘fit’]

attitudinize /ætiˈtju:dinaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  practise or adopt attitudes, esp. for effect 装模作样，故作姿态 2  speak, write, or behave affectedly (说话、写作或行为)做作，装腔作势 [Italian attitudine from Late Latin (as ATTITUDE) + -IZE]

attn. abbr. [缩略]  1  attention  2  for the attention of 请…过目

atto- /ˈætəʊ/ comb. form Math.  denoting a factor of 10-18 (attometre 微量计) [构词成分]【数】渺，微微微 (= 10-18) [Danish or Norwegian atten ‘eighteen’ + -O-]

attorney /əˈtɜ:ni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a person, esp. a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters (业务或法律事务上的)代理人(尤指律师) 2 US  a qualified lawyer, esp. one representing a client in a law court [美] (尤指出庭辩护的)律师 □ attorneyship  n.   [Middle English from Old French atorné, past part. of atorner ‘assign’, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + torner ‘turn’]

Attorney-General n.  the chief legal officer in England, the US, and other countries (英国等的)首席检查官，检查总长；(美国)司法部长

attract /əˈtrækt/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  draw or bring to oneself or itself 吸引；引起  attracts many admirers  吸引了许多崇拜者 attracts attention  引起注意 2  be attractive to; fascinate 对…有吸引力；使入迷 3 (of a magnet, gravity, etc.) exert a pull on (an object) (磁铁、重力等)对(物体)吸引 □ attractable  adj.  □ attractor  n.   [Latin attrahere (as AD-, trahere tract- ‘draw’)]

attractant /əˈtrækt(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance which attracts (esp. insects) (尤指对昆虫的)引诱剂，诱引物 ●adj.  attracting 有引诱力的

attraction /əˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or power of attracting 吸引；吸引力，诱惑力  the attraction of foreign travel  到国外去旅行的诱惑力b  a person or thing that attracts by arousing interest 具有吸引力的事物(或人)  the fair is a big attraction  这次交易会很有吸引力 2 Physics  the force by which bodies attract or approach each other (opp. 反义 REPULSION) 【物理学】引力 3 Gram.  the influence exerted by one word on another which causes it to change to an incorrect form, e.g. the wages of sin is (for are) death 【语法】(因受某字影响引起的)形态同化(例如 the wages of sin is death 中的 is ，代替 are) [French attraction or Latin attractio (as ATTRACT, -ION)]

attractive /əˈtræktiv/ adj.  1  attracting or capable of attracting; interesting 有吸引力的；引人注意的；引起兴趣的  an attractive proposition  一个吸引人的建议 2  aesthetically pleasing or appealing 妩媚迷人的；有魅力的 □ attractively  adv.  □ attractiveness  n.   [French attractif -ive from Late Latin attractivus (as ATTRACT, -IVE)]

attribute v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈtribju:t/ (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  ascribe to or regard as the effect of (a stated cause) 把…归因于，归咎于  the delays were attributed to the heavy traffic  把延误归咎于交通拥挤 2  regard as having been created or originated by 认为是…所创造；认为起源于…  a poem attributed to Shakespeare  一首被认为是莎士比亚所作的诗 3  regard as characteristic of; regard as possessing or having 认为属于…的特点；认为拥有  attributed magical powers to their gods  认为他们的神具有魔力 he attributes particular significance to their absence  他认为他们没来必有特别的含意 ●n. /ˈætribju:t/  1  a  a quality ascribed to a person or thing (赋予某人或物的)属性b  a characteristic quality 特征，特性 2  a material object recognized as appropriate to a person, office, or status (人、职务、地位等的)象征，标志  a large car is an attribute of seniority  大型轿车是资深的象征 3 Gram.  an attributive adjective or noun 【语法】定语 □ attributable  /əˈtribjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ attribution  /ætriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin attribuere attribut- (as AD-, tribuere ‘assign’): the noun from Old French attribut or Latin attributum]

attributive /əˈtribjʊtiv/ adj. Gram. (of an adjective or noun) preceding the word it qualifies or modifies and expressing an attribute, as old in the old dog (but not in the dog is old) and expiry in expiry date (opp. 反义 PREDICATIVE 1) 【语法】(指形容词或名词)用作定语的(例如 the old dog 中的 old ；但 the dog is old 中的 old 不是；以及 expiry date 中的 expiry) □ attributively  adv.   [French attributif -ive (as ATTRIBUTE, -IVE)]

attrit /əˈtrit/ v. tr. (attritted, attritting) US colloq.  wear down (an opponent or enemy) by sustained action [美口]消耗，削弱(对手或敌人) [back-formation from ATTRITION]

attrition /əˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of gradually wearing out, esp. by friction 消耗，削弱b  abrasion 磨损 2 Theol.  sorrow for sin, falling short of contrition 【神】不彻底的忏悔 3 esp. N. Amer. & Austral. [尤北美澳]  = WASTAGE 3  □ attritional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin attritio, from atterere attrit- ‘rub’]

attune /əˈtju:n/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  adjust (a person or thing) to a situation 调谐；使(人或事物)协调 2  bring (an orchestra, instrument, etc.) into musical accord 为(乐队、乐器等)调音 [AT- + TUNE]

Atty. abbr. [缩略]  Attorney 

atypical /eiˈtipik(ə)l, æ-/ adj.  not typical; not conforming to a type 非典型的；不合类的；异型的 □ atypically  adv.  

AU abbr. [缩略]  1 (also 亦作 au.)  astronomical unit 天文单位 2  ångström unit 埃(波长单位)

Au symb. Chem.  the element gold [符]【化】(化学元素)金 [Latin aurum]

aubade /əʊˈbɑ:d/ n.  a poem or piece of music appropriate to the dawn or early morning 晨歌，黎明曲 [French from Spanish albada, from alba ‘dawn’]

auberge /əʊˈbɛəʒ, 法 obɛrʒ/ n.  an inn 小客栈 [French, from Provençal alberga ‘lodging’]

aubergine /ˈəʊbəʒi:n/ n. & adj. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●n.  1  a tropical plant, Solanum melongena, having erect or spreading branches bearing white or purple egg-shaped fruit also called 亦称作 EGGPLANT 茄子 2  this fruit eaten as a vegetable (作为蔬菜食用的)茄子 3  the dark purple colour of this fruit 茄子色，深紫色 ●adj.  of the colour of the aubergine; dark purple 茄子色的；深紫色的 [French via Catalan alberginia, Arabic al-bɑˉḍinjɑˉn, and Persian bɑˉdingɑˉn from Sanskrit vɑˉtiṃgaṇa]

Auberon /ˈɔ:bərɒn/   奥伯伦 [人名]

Aubrey /ˈɔ:bri/   奥布里 [人名]

aubrietia /ɔ:ˈbri:ʃə/ n. (also 亦作 aubretia)  a dwarf perennial rock plant of the genus Aubrieta, having purple or pink flowers in spring 南庭霁(一种矮小的常年生岩石植物，春季开紫色或粉红色花) [alteration of modern Latin, named after Claude Aubriet, French botanist d. 1743]■Usage 用法说明 Note that the correct spelling of the Latin name is Aubrieta. 注意拉丁名的正确拼写是 Aubrieta 。 

auburn /ˈɔ:bən, -bɜ:n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. of a person's hair) of a reddish-brown colour (通常指人的头发)红褐色的，赭色的 ●n.  this colour 红褐色，赭色 [Middle English, originally ‘yellowish white’, via Old French auborne, alborne, from Latin alburnus ‘whitish’, from albus ‘white’]

AUC abbr. (of a date) from the foundation of the city (of Rome) [缩略]自(罗马城)建立(之日) [Latin ab urbe condita]

Auckland /ˈɔ:klənd/ n.  奥克兰 [新西兰港市]

au courant /əʊ kʊˈrɒ˜/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, of)  knowing what is going on; well informed 了解情况的；信息灵通的 [French, = in the (regular) course]

auction /ˈɔ:kʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sale of goods, usu. in public, in which articles are sold to the highest bidder 拍卖 2  the sequence of bids made at auction bridge (竞叫桥牌中的)连续叫牌阶段 ●v. tr.  sell by auction 拍卖 [Latin auctio ‘increase, auction’ from augēre auct- ‘increase’]

auction bridge n.  a form of bridge in which players bid for the right to name trumps (桥牌游戏中通过叫牌确定将牌的)竞叫桥牌

auctioneer /ɔ:kʃəˈniə/ n.  a person who conducts auctions professionally, by calling for bids and declaring goods sold 拍卖商 □ auctioneering  n.  

auction house n.  a company that runs auction sales 拍卖所

auction room n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  the premises where auction sales take place 拍卖地点，拍卖场所

auction sale n.  = AUCTIONn. 1 

audacious /ɔ:ˈdeiʃəs/ adj.  1  daring, bold 大胆的，无畏的 2  impudent 放肆的；厚颜无耻的 □ audaciously  adv.  □ audaciousness  n.  □ audacity  /ɔ:ˈdæsiti/ n.   [Latin audax -acis ‘bold’ from audēre ‘dare’]

audible /ˈɔ:dib(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being heard 听得见的 □ audibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ audibleness  n.  □ audibly  adv.   [Late Latin audibilis from audire ‘hear’]

audience /ˈɔ:diəns/ n.  1  a  the assembled listeners or spectators at an event, esp. a stage performance, concert, etc. (尤指舞台演出、音乐会等的)观众；听众；受众b  the people addressed by a film, book, play, etc. (电影、图书、戏剧等的)发行对象；读者大众 2  a formal interview with a person in authority 正式接见；谒见；觐见 3 archaic  a hearing [古义]倾听  give audience to my plea  听听我的请求吧 [Middle English via Old French from Latin audientia, from audire ‘hear’]

audile /ˈɔ:dail/ adj.  of or referring to the sense of hearing 听觉的；有关听觉的 [formed irregularly from Latin audire ‘hear’, on the pattern of tactile]

audio /ˈɔ:diəʊ/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  sound or the reproduction of sound 声音的；声频的，音频的 [AUDIO-]

audio- /ˈɔ:diəʊ/ comb. form  hearing or sound [构词成分]听觉，声音的 [Latin audire ‘hear’ + -O-]

Audio-Animatronics /ˌɔ:diəʊˌæniməˈtrɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数) propr. [商标]  = ANIMATRONICS  [AUDIO- + ANIMATRONICS]

audio cassette n.  a cassette of audiotape 盒式录音带

audio frequency n.  a frequency capable of being perceived by the human ear 音频，声频(人耳可听到的频率)

audiology /ɔ:diˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of hearing 听力学，听觉学 □ audiologist  n.  

audiometer /ɔ:diˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for testing hearing 听度计，测听计

audiophile /ˈɔ:diə(ʊ)fail/ n.  a hi-fi enthusiast 高保真音响爱好者

audiotape /ˈɔ:diə(ʊ)teip/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 audio tape)  1  a  magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded 录音磁带b  a length of this, esp. an audio cassette (尤指盒式录音磁带的)一段磁带 2  a sound recording on tape (磁带上的)录音 ●v. tr.  record (sound, speech, etc.) on tape 在磁带上录制(声音、讲话等)

audio typist n.  a person who types direct from a recording 根据录音直接打字的打字员

audio-visual /ɔ:diəʊˈviʒjʊəl, -ˈvizjʊəl/ adj. (esp. of teaching methods) using both sight and sound (尤指教学方法)声像的；视听的

audit /ˈɔ:dit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official examination of accounts 审计，查账 2  a systematic review 系统检查  safety audit  安全检查 ●v. tr. (audited, auditing)  1  conduct an audit of 对…进行审计；查账 2 N. Amer.  attend (a class) informally, without working for credits [北美] (在课堂上)旁听(不计学分) [Middle English from Latin auditus ‘hearing’, from audire audit- ‘hear’]

audition /ɔ:ˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an interview for a role as a singer, actor, dancer, etc., consisting of a practical demonstration of suitability 面试；试听(以鉴定歌手、演员等) 2  the power of hearing or listening 听力，听觉 ●v.  1 tr.  interview (a candidate) at an audition 对(候选人)进行面试；让…试演 2 intr.  be interviewed at an audition 接受面试 [French audition or Latin auditio, from audire audit- ‘hear’]

auditive /ˈɔ:ditiv/ adj.  concerned with hearing 听的；听觉的 [French auditif -ive (as AUDITION, -IVE)]

auditor /ˈɔ:ditə/ n.  1  a person who conducts an audit 审计员，查账员 2  a listener 听者，收听者 3 N. Amer.  a person who audits a class [北美]旁听生 □ auditorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French auditour from Latin auditor -oris (as AUDITIVE, -OR1)]

auditorium /ɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. auditoriums or auditoria /-riə/)  1  the part of a theatre etc. in which the audience sits 听众席；观众席 2 N. Amer.  a large room, esp. a school hall [北美] (尤指学校的)会堂，礼堂 3 N. Amer.  a building incorporating a large hall for public gatherings, sports events, etc. [北美] (可用于公众集会、体育赛事等的)场馆 [Latin, neut. of auditorius (adj.): see AUDITORY, -ORIUM]

auditory /ˈɔ:dit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  concerned with hearing 听的；听觉的 2  received by the ear 通过听觉获得的 [Latin auditorius (as AUDITOR, -ORY2)]

Audrey /ˈɔ:dri/   奥德丽 [人名]

AUEW abbr. (in the UK) Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers [缩略] (英国)工程工人联合会

au fait /əʊ ˈfei/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  having current knowledge; conversant 了解近况的；熟悉的  fully au fait with the arrangements  对此安排了如指掌 □ put (or make) au fait with  esp. Brit.  instruct in [尤英]使某人熟悉某情况 [French, literally ‘to the fact, to the point’]

au fond /əʊ ˈfɒ˜, 法 o fɔ˜/ adv.  basically; at bottom 基本上；从根本上 [French]

Aug. abbr. [缩略]  August 

Augean /ɔ:ˈdʒi:ən/ adj. literary  filthy; extremely dirty [文学用语]污秽的；极脏的 [Latin Augeas from Greek Augeias (in Greek mythology, the owner of stables which Hercules cleaned by diverting a river through them)]

auger /ˈɔ:ɡə/ n.  1  a tool resembling a large corkscrew, for boring holes in wood 螺丝钻，木螺钻 2  a similar larger tool for boring holes in the ground (用于地面钻孔的)土螺钻，地螺钻 [Old English nafogɑˉr from nafu NAVE2, + gɑˉr ‘pierce’: for loss of n cf. ADDER]

aught1 /ɔ:t/ n. (also 亦作 ought) (usu. implying neg. 通常有否定意味) archaic  anything at all [古义]任何东西；任何事情 [Old English ɑˉwiht, from Germanic]

aught2 var.  of OUGHT2  OUGHT2 的变体

augite /ˈɔ:dʒait/ n. Mineral.  a dark green or black mineral of the pyroxene group, occurring in many igneous rocks 【矿】辉石 [Latin augites from Greek augitēs, from augē ‘lustre’]

augment v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /ɔ:ɡˈment/  make or become greater; increase 扩大；加强；提高；增加；增长 ●n. /ˈɔ:ɡm(ə)nt/ Gram.  a vowel prefixed to the past tenses in the older Indo-European languages 【语法】(古印欧诸语言中加在动词过去式词首的)增音 □ augmenter  n.   [Middle English from Old French augment (n.), French augmenter (v.), or Late Latin augmentum, augmentare from Latin augēre ‘increase’]

augmentation /ɔ:ɡmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  enlargement; growth; increase 扩大；增长；增加 2 Mus.  the lengthening of the time values of notes in melodic parts 【音】(主旋律的)延长 [Middle English via French from Late Latin augmentatio -onis from augmentare (as AUGMENT)]

augmentative /ɔ:ɡˈmentətiv/ adj.  1  having the property of increasing 有扩大(增长、增加、提高)作用的 2 Gram. (of an affix or derived word) reinforcing the idea of the original word 【语法】(指词缀或派生词)增强词义的 [French augmentatif -ive or medieval Latin augmentativus (as AUGMENT)]

augmented interval n. Mus.  a perfect or major interval that is increased by a semitone 【音】增音程(增加了一个“半音”的全音程或长音程)

au gratin /əʊ ˈɡrætæn/ adj.  sprinkled with breadcrumbs or grated cheese and browned (面包或奶酪)带脆皮的 [French from gratter, = by grating, from GRATE1]

augur /ˈɔ:ɡə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of an event, circumstance, etc.) suggest a specified outcome (usu. 通常作 augur well or ill); portend, bode (指事件、情况等)预示，有…的征兆  all augured well for our success  一切都预示着我们的成功 2 tr.  a  foresee, predict 占卜，预言；预测b  portend 成为…的前兆 ●n. hist.  an ancient Roman religious official who observed natural signs, esp. the behaviour of birds, interpreting these as an indication of divine approval or disapproval of a proposed action [史义] (古罗马通过观察自然征兆、尤其是鸟类活动来预测未来凶吉的)占卜官 □ augural  /ˈɔ:ɡjʊr(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin]

augury /ˈɔ:ɡjʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an omen; a portent 预兆，征兆 2  the work of an augur; the interpretation of omens (占卜官的)占卜；对征兆的解释 [Middle English from Old French augurie or Latin augurium from AUGUR]

August /ˈɔ:ɡəst/ n.  the eighth month of the year 八月 [Old English from Latin Augustus Caesar, the first Roman emperor]

august /ɔ:ˈɡʌst/ adj.  inspiring reverence and admiration; venerable, impressive 威严的；令人敬畏的；给人印象深刻的 □ augustly  adv.  □ augustness  n.   [French auguste or Latin augustus ‘consecrated, venerable’]

Augustan /ɔ:ˈɡʌst(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  connected with, occurring during, or influenced by the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus, esp. as an outstanding period of Latin literature (古罗马皇帝)奥古斯都的；(尤指作为拉丁文学全盛期的)奥古斯都时代的 2 (of a nation's literature) refined and classical in style (in England of the literature of the 17th － 18th c.) (指某国的文学)奥古斯都风格的；古典的；典雅的(在英格兰指大约 17 至 18 世纪时期)的文学 ●n.  a writer of the Augustan age of any literature 奥古斯都时期的文学家 [Latin Augustanus from Augustus]

Augustine /ɔ:ˈɡʌstin/ n.  an Augustinian friar 奥古斯丁派修道士 [Middle English via Old French augustin from Latin Augustinus AUGUSTINIAN]

Augustinian /ɔ:ɡəˈstiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to St Augustine, a Doctor of the Church (d. 430), or his doctrines 圣奥古斯丁(卒于 430 年)的；圣奥古斯丁教义的 2  belonging to a religious order observing a rule derived from St Augustine's writings 信奉圣奥古斯丁学说的；圣奥古斯丁教派的 ●n.  1  an adherent of the doctrines of St Augustine 圣奥古斯丁信徒 2  a member of an Augustinian order 奥古斯丁派修道士 [Latin Augustinus ‘Augustine’]

auk /ɔ:k/ n.  any marine diving bird of the family Alcidae, native to the northern oceans, with heavy body, short wings, and black and white plumage, e.g. the guillemot, puffin, and razorbill 海雀(生于北部海洋地区的海鸟，体大，短翅，蹼足) [Old Norse ɑˊlka]

auklet /ˈɔ:klit/ n.  any of several small auks mainly of the N. Pacific (主要栖息于北太平洋地区的)小海雀

auld /ɔ:ld, ɑ:ld/ adj. Sc.  old [苏格兰]老的；古老的；旧的 [Old English ald, Anglian form of OLD]

auld lang syne /ɔ:ld læŋ ˈsain/ n.  times long past 过去的时光，美好的昔日 [Scots, = old long since: also as the title and refrain of a song]

aumbry /ˈɔ:mbri/ n. (also 亦作 ambry /ˈæmbri/) (pl. -ies)  1  a small recess in the wall of a church (教堂墙壁上的)小凹洞 2 hist.  a small cupboard [史义]小橱柜 [Middle English via Old French almarie, armarie (modern armoire) from Latin armarium ‘closet, chest’, from arma ‘utensils’]

au naturel /ˌəʊ nætjʊˈrel/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  uncooked; (cooked) in the most natural or simplest way 未烹制的；采用最自然、最简单方法(烹制)的 2  in its natural state 自然的，天然的 [French, = in the natural state]

aunt /ɑ:nt/ n.  1  the sister of one's father or mother 姑妈；姨妈 2  an uncle's wife 舅妈；伯母；婶子 3 colloq.  an unrelated woman friend of a child or children [口] (儿童用语)阿姨 □ my (or my sainted etc.) aunt  esp. Brit. slang  an exclamation of surprise, disbelief, etc. [尤英] [俚语]哎呀，天哪(表示惊讶、不相信等的感叹语) [Middle English via Anglo-French aunte, Old French ante, from Latin amita]

auntie /ˈɑ:nti/ n. (also 亦作 aunty) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  = AUNT  2 (作 Auntie) Brit.  an institution considered to be conservative or cautious, esp. the BBC [英]保守或特别谨慎的机构(尤指英国广播公司)

Aunt Sally n. Brit. [英]  1  a game in which players throw sticks or balls at a wooden dummy “萨利大婶”(一种向一个木人投掷棍或球的游戏) 2  the object of unreasonable attack 无端受到攻击的对象

au pair /əʊ ˈpɛə/ n.  a young foreign person, esp. a woman, helping with housework etc. in exchange for room, board, and pocket money, esp. as a means of learning a language “互裨”姑娘(尤指帮助做家务以换取住宿和零用钱用以学习语言的外国女人) [French, = on equal terms: earlier as adj. denoting payment by mutual services]

aura /ˈɔ:rə/ n. (pl. aurae /-ri:/ or auras)  1  the distinctive atmosphere diffused by or attending a person, place, etc. (某人、某地点等特有的)气味，气息；气氛，氛围 2 (in mystic or spiritualistic use) a supposed subtle emanation, visible as a sphere of white or coloured light, surrounding the body of a living creature (神怪迷信所谓的围绕在某种生物体身上的)光环，光轮 3  a subtle emanation or aroma from flowers etc. (花等散发出的)清香，幽香 4 Med.  premonitory symptom(s) in epilepsy etc. 【医】(癫痫病等的)先兆症状，预感 □ aural  adj.  □ auric  adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek, = breeze, breath]

aural /ˈɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to or received by the ear 耳的；听觉的；通过听觉获得的 □ aurally  adv.   [Latin auris ‘ear’]■Usage 用法说明 Aural is sometimes pronounced /ˈaʊr(ə)l/ (the first syllable rhyming with cow), in order to distinguish it from oral. Some people regard this as incorrect. aural 一词有时发音成 /ˈaʊr(ə)l/(与 cow 同韵)以区别于 oral 。 

aureate /ˈɔ:riət/ adj.  1  golden, gold-coloured 金(黄)色的；金灿灿的 2  resplendent 灿烂的，辉煌的 3 (of language) highly ornamented (语言)大加修饰的，词藻华丽的 [Middle English via Late Latin aureatus from Latin aureus ‘golden’, from aurum ‘gold’]

aureole /ˈɔ:riəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 aureola /ɔ:ˈriələ/)  1  a halo or circle of light, esp. round the head or body of a portrayed religious figure (尤指宗教肖像上环绕头部或身体的)光环，光轮 2  a corona round the sun or moon 日晕，月晕 [Middle English from Latin aureola (corona) ‘golden (crown)’, fem. of aureolus (diminutive of aureus) from aurum ‘gold’: aureole via Old French from Latin aureola]

au revoir /əʊ rəˈvwɑ:/ int. & n.  goodbye (until we meet again) 再见，再会 [French, literally ‘to the seeing again’]

auric /ˈɔ:rik/ adj.  of or relating to trivalent gold 金的；三价金的 [Latin aurum ‘gold’]

auricle /ˈɔ:rik(ə)l/ n. Anat. 【解】  1  a  a small muscular pouch on the surface of each atrium of the heart (心房的)心耳b  the atrium itself 心房 2  the external part of the ear; the pinna 外耳；耳廓 3  an appendage shaped like the ear 耳状物 [AURICULA]

auricula /ɔ:ˈrikjʊlə/ n.  a primula, Primula auricula, with leaves shaped like bears' ears Also called 亦称作 bear's ear 耳状报春花 [Latin, diminutive of auris ‘ear’]

auricular /ɔ:ˈrikjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or relating to the ear or hearing 耳的；听觉的 2  of or relating to the auricle of the heart 心耳的 3  shaped like an auricle 耳状的 [Late Latin auricularis (as AURICULA)]

auriculate /ɔ:ˈrikjʊlət/ adj.  having one or more auricles or ear-shaped appendages 有耳的；有耳状物的 [Latin]

auriferous /ɔ:ˈrif(ə)rəs/ adj.  naturally bearing gold 含金的；产金的 [Latin aurifer from aurum ‘gold’]

Aurignacian /ɔ:riˈnjeiʃ(ə)n, -iɡˈnei-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a palaeolithic culture in Europe and the Near East, following the Mousterian and dated to c. 34,000 － 29,000 BC. (旧石器时代莫斯特文化之后)奥瑞纳文化的(约公元前 3.4 万年至 2.9 万年) ●n.  this culture 奥瑞纳文化 [French Aurignacien from Aurignac in SW France, where remains were found]

aurochs /ˈɔ:rɒks, ˈaʊ-/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  an extinct wild ox, Bos primigenius, ancestor of domestic cattle and formerly native to many parts of the world Also called 亦称作 urus 欧洲野牛(现已灭绝) [German from Old High German ūrohso from ūr- ‘urus’ + ohso ‘ox’]

aurora /ɔ:ˈrɔ:rə/ n. (pl. auroras or aurorae /-ri:/)  1  a luminous electrical atmospheric phenomenon, usu. of streamers of light in the sky above the northern or southern magnetic pole (北极或南极上空的)极光 2 poet.  the dawn [诗]黎明；晨曦，曙光 □ auroral  adj.   [Latin, = dawn, goddess of dawn]

aurora australis /ɔ:ˈstreilis/ n.  the aurora of the southern regions 南极光 [Latin australis ‘southern’: see AUSTRAL]

aurora borealis /bɔ:riˈeilis/ n.  the aurora of the northern regions 北极光 [Latin borealis ‘northern’: see BOREAL]

auscultation /ɔ:sk(ə)lˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act of listening, esp. to sounds from the heart, lungs, etc., as a part of medical diagnosis 听；(尤指对心脏、肺等的)听诊 □ auscultatory  /-ˈskʌltət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin auscultatio from auscultare ‘listen to’]

auspice /ˈɔ:spis/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  patronage (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 under the auspices of) 赞助；支持 2  a forecast 预兆，前兆 [originally ‘observation of bird-flight in divination’: French auspice or Latin auspicium, from auspex ‘observer of birds’ from avis ‘bird’]

auspicious /ɔ:ˈspiʃəs/ adj.  1  of good omen; favourable 吉兆的，吉利的；有利的 2  prosperous 繁盛的，兴旺的 □ auspiciously  adv.  □ auspiciousness  n.   [AUSPICE + -OUS]

Aussie /ˈɒzi, ˈɒsi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Ossie, Ozzie) colloq. [口] ●n.  1  an Australian 澳大利亚人 2  Australia 澳大利亚 ●adj.  Australian 澳大利亚的 [abbreviation]

austere /ɒˈstiə, ɔ:-/ adj. (austerer, austerest)  1  severely simple 极简朴的，朴素的 2  morally strict (道德上)严格的 3  harsh, stern 苛刻的，严厉的 □ austerely  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin austerus from Greek austēros ‘severe’]

austerity /ɒˈsteriti, ɔ:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  sternness; moral severity 严厉，严格；(道德上的)苛求 2  severe simplicity, e.g. of nationwide economies 紧缩，节俭，严格的节制消费(例如指国家的经济开支) 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an austere practice 苦行，艰苦生活  the austerities of a monk's life  僧侣的苦修生活

Austin /ˈɒstin, ˈɔ:-/ n.  = AUGUSTINIAN  [contraction of AUGUSTINE]

austral /ˈɒstr(ə)l, ˈɔ:-/ adj.  1  southern 南方的 2 (作 Austral)  of Australia or Australasia 澳大利亚的；澳大拉西亚的  Austral English  澳大利亚英语 [Middle English from Latin australis, from Auster ‘south wind’]

Australasia /ˌɒstrəˈleiʒjə/ n.  澳大拉西亚

Australasian /ɒstrəˈleiʒ(ə)n, -ʃ(ə)n, ɔ:-/ adj.  of or relating to Australasia, a region consisting of Australia and islands of the SW Pacific 澳大拉西亚(包括澳大利亚和西南太平洋地区诸岛)的 [Australasia from French Australasie, as Australia + Asia]

Australia   澳大利亚

Australian /ɒˈstreiliən, ɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Australia 澳大利亚人，澳洲人 2  a person of Australian descent 澳大利亚血统的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Australia 澳大利亚的 □ Australianism  n.   [French australien from Latin (as AUSTRAL)]

Australian bear n.  a koala bear 树袋熊，考拉

Australian Rules n. (in full 全称 Australian Rules football)  a form of football played with an oval ball on an oval pitch by teams of 18 Also called 亦称作 Australian National Football 澳式足球，澳式橄榄球(每队 18 人在一个椭圆形场地上进行)

Australian salmon  see 见 SALMON 2a 

Australian terrier n.  a wire-haired Australian breed of terrier 澳洲猎犬(一种澳大利亚粗毛狗)

Australopithecus /ˌɒstrələʊˈpiθikəs, ˌɔ:-/ n.  an extinct bipedal primate of the genus Australopithecus, having apelike and human characteristics, found fossilized in Africa 南方古猿(一种已灭绝的两足灵长类动物，其化石发现于非洲) □ australopithecine  /-isi:n/ n. & adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin australis ‘southern’ + Greek pithēkos ‘ape’]

Austria   奥地利

Austrian /ˈɒstriən, ˈɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Austria 奥地利人 2  a person of Austrian descent 奥地利血统的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Austria 奥地利的

Austro-1 /ˈɒstrəʊ, ˈɔ:-/ comb. form  Austrian; Austrian and (Austro-Hungarian 奥匈帝国的) [构词成分]奥地利的；奥地利和…的

Austro-2 /ˈɒstrəʊ, ˈɔ:-/ comb. form  Australian; Australian and (Austro-Asiatic 澳亚语系的) [构词成分]澳大利亚的；澳大利亚和…的

Austronesian /ɒstrə(ʊ)ˈni:zjən, -ʒ(ə)n, ɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a family of agglutinative languages spoken widely in Malaysia, Indonesia, and other parts of SE Asia, and in the islands of the central and southern Pacific 澳亚语系(指在马来西亚、印度尼西亚和东南亚其他一些地区以及中部和南部太平洋诸岛地区广泛使用的粘着性语言) ●adj.  of or relating to this language family 澳亚语系的 [German austronesisch, from Latin australis ‘southern’ + -O- + Greek nēsos ‘island’]

AUT abbr. (in the UK) Association of University Teachers [缩略] (英国)大学教师协会

autarchy /ˈɔ:tɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  absolute sovereignty 专制统治 2  despotism 专制，独裁 3  an autarchic country or society 专制的国家或社会 □ autarchic  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik/ adj.  □ autarchical  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin autarchia (as AUTO-, Greek -arkhia from arkhō ‘rule’)]

autarky /ˈɔ:tɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  self-sufficiency, esp. as an economic system (尤指经济体制的)自给自足 2  a state etc. run according to such a system 自给自足的国家(或社会等) □ autarkic  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik/ adj.  □ autarkical  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ autarkist  n.   [Greek autarkeia (as AUTO-, arkeō ‘suffice’)]

auteur /əʊˈtɜ:, ɔ:-/ n.  a film director who has such great influence on his or her films that he or she ranks as their author (具有自己独立风格的)电影导演 [French, = author]

authentic /ɔ:ˈθentik/ adj.  1  a  of undisputed origin; genuine 出处无可争议的；真实的b  reliable or trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的 2 Mus. (of a mode) containing notes between the final and an octave higher (cf. 参见 PLAGAL) 【音】(调式)含有主调音及高八度音的 □ authentically  adv.  □ authenticity  /ɔ:θenˈtisiti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French autentique and Late Latin authenticus from Greek authentikos ‘principal, genuine’]

authenticate /ɔ:ˈθentikeit/ v. tr.  1  establish the truth or genuineness of 证明，证实；鉴别 2  validate 使生效，使有效 □ authentication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ authenticator  n.   [medieval Latin authenticare from Late Latin authenticus: see AUTHENTIC]

author /ˈɔ:θə/ n. & v. ●n. (fem. authoress /ˈɔ:θris, ɔ:θəˈres/)  1  a writer, esp. of books (尤指书的)作者，著者 2  the originator of an event, a condition, etc. (事件、情况等的)发起人，创始者；始作俑者  the author of all my woes  我所有痛苦的始作俑者 ●v. tr.  1 disp.  be the author of (a book, article, etc.) [异议]写作，编写(文章、书籍等) 2  be the originator of (an idea, condition, circumstance, etc.); bring about 发起，创始；提出；使产生 □ authorial  /ɔ:ˈθɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French autour, Old French autor from Latin auctor, from augēre auct- ‘increase, originate, promote’]■Usage 用法说明 Author can be used of both male and female writers and many women writers prefer it to authoress. The use of the verb author as a mere synonym for write (as in he authored several books on the subject) is deplored by many people, although author is different from write in that it implies publication of the text produced. In addition, author is often used in contexts where the person or people responsible for the text (often a committee) did not actually write it themselves, and where the thing written is a report, article, or document, rather than a book, e.g. The chairperson of the commission that authored the report referred to it several times in her speech. In the terminology of computing, authoring is used to mean the creation of programs, databases, etc., as in the phrases authoring system, authoring package, or authoring tool. Unlike author, co-author is generally acceptable as a verb. author 一词既可以指男性也可以指女性，许多女性作家并不喜用 authoress 。将动词 author 作 write 的同义词用(例如 : He authored several books on the subject. 对这个课题他写过好几本书。)，尽管其意思稍有区别(寓意所写文章已经发表)，还是受到很多人的批评。另外， author 还经常用于指对某文章负责的人(通常为一若干人的委员会)，而并非真正执笔的人，并且所写的东西也通常并不是书，而是报告、论文或文件等。(例如 : The chairperson of the commission that authored the report referred to it several times in her speech. 出具报告之委员会的主席在谈话中几番提到该报告。)在计算机词汇中， authoring 一词指创建程序、数据库等，例如 : authoring system 创建系统； authoring package 创建文件包； authoring tool 创建工具软件。与 author 不同， co-author 作动词则是被普遍接受的。 

authoring /ˈɔ:θəriŋ/ n. Computing  the creation of programs, databases, etc. for computer applications such as computer-assisted learning or multimedia products 【计算】(计算机辅助教学应用或多媒体制作的程序、数据库等的)创建

authoritarian /ɔ:θɒriˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  favouring, encouraging, or enforcing strict obedience to authority, as opposed to individual freedom 赞同(鼓励或实施)严格服从权力机关的；权力主义的 2  tyrannical or domineering 独裁的，专制的 ●n.  a person favouring absolute obedience to a constituted authority 赞同绝对服从权力机关的人；专制主义者 □ authoritarianism  n.  

authoritative /ɔ:ˈθɒritətiv, -teitiv/ adj.  1  being recognized as true or dependable 真实可信的；可靠的 2 (of a person, behaviour, etc.) commanding or self-confident (人或行为等)命令式的；独断专行的 3  official; supported by authority 官方的，当局的；具有权威性的  an authoritative document  官方的文件 □ authoritatively  adv.  □ authoritativeness  n.  

authority /ɔ:ˈθɒriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the power or right to enforce obedience (使人顺从的)权力；权威b (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  delegated power 授权 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a person or body having authority, esp. political or administrative 官方，当局 3  a  an influence exerted on opinion because of recognized knowledge or expertise 影响力；威信b  such an influence expressed in a book, quotation, etc. 权威性的典籍；权威性的引文c  a person whose opinion is accepted, esp. an expert in a subject 学术权威，专家  an authority on vintage cars  老式汽车的权威专家 4  the weight of evidence 证据，根据；说服力 [Middle English via Old French autorité from Latin auctoritas, from auctor: see AUTHOR]

authorize /ˈɔ:θəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  sanction 批准，核准 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  a  give authority 授权b  commission (a person or body) 委任，委派(某人或组织)  authorized to trade  委派经商 □ authorization  /ɔ:θəraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French autoriser and medieval Latin auctorizare from auctor: see AUTHOR]

Authorized Version n. esp. Brit.  an English translation of the Bible made in 1611 and still widely used Also called 亦称作 King James Bible [尤英] (《圣经》的)钦定英译本(译于 1611 年，现仍广泛使用)

authorship /ˈɔ:θəʃip/ n.  1  the origin of a book or other written work (书或其他作品的)来源，出处(指作者)  of unknown authorship  作者不详 2  the occupation of writing 作者身份；作家职业

autism /ˈɔ:tiz(ə)m/ n.  a mental condition, usu. present from childhood, characterized by complete self-absorption and a reduced ability to respond to or communicate with the outside world (通常自儿童时起即有的)孤独症(自我沉思默想，缺乏对外界的反应或沟通能力) □ autistic  /ɔ:ˈtistik/ adj.   [modern Latin autismus (as AUTO-, -ISM)]

auto /ˈɔ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (usu. 通常作 attrib.) N. Amer. colloq.  a motor car [北美口]汽车 [abbreviation of AUTOMOBILE]

auto- /ˈɔ:təʊ/ comb. form (usu. aut- before a vowel 通常在元音前作 aut-) [构词成分]  1  self (autism 自我中心主义) 自我 2  one's own (autobiography 自传) 自己；自己的 3  by oneself or spontaneous (auto-suggestion 自我暗示) 自发的，自主的 4  by itself or automatic (automobile 汽车) 自动；自动的 [from or on the pattern of Greek auto-, from autos ‘self’]

autobahn /ˈɔ:təbɑ:n/ n.  a German, Austrian, or Swiss motorway (德国、奥地利或瑞士的)高速公路 [German from Auto ‘motor car’ + Bahn ‘path, road’]

autobiography /ɔ:təbaiˈɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a personal account of one's own life, esp. for publication 自传 2  this as a process or literary form 自传体文学 □ autobiographer  n.  □ autobiographic  /ˌɔ:təʊbaiəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ autobiographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

autocar /ˈɔ:tə(ʊ)kɑ:/ n. archaic  a motor vehicle [古义]汽车，机动车辆

autocephalous /ɔ:təʊˈsef(ə)ləs/ adj.  1 (esp. of an Eastern Church) appointing its own head (尤指东正教会)自己任命主教的 2 (of a bishop, Church, etc.) independent (指主教、教会等)独立的，自主的 [Greek autokephalos (as AUTO-, kephalē ‘head’)]

autochthon /ɔ:ˈtɒkθ(ə)n, -θəʊn/ n. (pl. autochthons or autochthones /-θəni:z/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the original or earliest known inhabitants of a country; aboriginals 本地人；土著 [Greek, = sprung from the earth (as AUTO-, khthōn, -onos ‘earth’)]

autochthonous /ɔ:ˈtɒkθənəs/ adj.  1  indigenous, native 土生的，土著的 2  of independent or local formation 独立的；当地的；地方性的 3 Geol. (of a deposit) formed in its present position 【地质】(指沉积层)原地生成的

autoclave /ˈɔ:təkleiv/ n.  1  a strong vessel used for chemical reactions at high pressures and temperatures (用于在高压高温下进行化学反应的)压热器 2  a sterilizer using high-pressure steam 高压蒸气灭菌器 [AUTO- + Latin clavus ‘nail’ or clavis ‘key’: so called because self-fastening]

autocracy /ɔ:ˈtɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  absolute government by one person 独裁统治，独裁政体 2  the power exercised by such a person 独裁，专制 3  an autocratic country or society 独裁统治的国家(或社会) [Greek autokrateia (as AUTOCRAT)]

autocrat /ˈɔ:təkræt/ n.  1  an absolute ruler 独裁统治者；专制君主 2  a dictatorial person 独断专横的人 □ autocratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  □ autocratically  /-ˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [French autocrate from Greek autokratēs (as AUTO-, kratos ‘power’)]

autocross /ˈɔ:təʊkrɒs/ n.  motor racing across country or on unmade roads 汽车越野比赛 [AUTOMOBILE + CROSS- 1]

autocue /ˈɔ:təʊkju:/ n. esp. Brit. propr.  a device, unseen by the audience, displaying a television script to a speaker or performer as an aid to memory (cf. 参见 TELEPROMPTER) [尤英] [商标] (为播音员或表演者提示台词的)自动提示机，电子提词机

auto-da-fé /ˌɔ:təʊdɑ:ˈfei/ n. (pl. autos-da-fé) /ˌɔ:təʊz-/  1  a sentence of punishment by the Spanish Inquisition (中世纪西班牙宗教裁判所的)惩罚判决 2  the execution of such a sentence, esp. the burning of a heretic 惩罚判决的执行(尤指对异教徒处以火刑) [Portuguese, = act of the faith]

autodidact /ˈɔ:təʊdidækt/ n.  a self-taught person 自学者；自学成功的人 □ autodidactic  /-ˈdæktik/ adj.   [AUTO- + didact as DIDACTIC]

auto-erotism /ɔ:təʊˈerətiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 auto-eroticism /-iˈrɒtisiz(ə)m/) Psychol.  sexual excitement generated by stimulating one's own body; masturbation 【心】自淫，手淫 □ auto-erotic  /-iˈrɒtik/ adj.  

autofocus /ˈɔ:təʊˌfəʊkəs/ n.  a device focusing a camera etc. automatically (照相机等的)自动聚焦装置

autogamy /ɔ:ˈtɒɡəmi/ n. Bot.  self-fertilization in plants 【植】自花授粉，自体受精 □ autogamous  adj.   [AUTO- + Greek -gamia from gamos ‘marriage’]

autogenous /ɔ:ˈtɒdʒinəs/ adj.  self-produced 自生的

autogenous welding n.  a process of joining metal by melting the edges together, without adding material (靠金属母材熔化而不另加焊材的)自熔焊接

autogiro /ɔ:təʊˈdʒairəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 autogyro) (pl. -os)  a form of aircraft like a small helicopter but with freely rotating horizontal vanes and a propeller 旋翼飞机 [Spanish (as AUTO-, giro ‘gyration’)]

autograft /ˈɔ:təɡrɑ:ft/ n. Surgery  a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual's body 【外科】自体移植(皮肤、组织等)

autograph /ˈɔ:təɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a signature, esp. that of a celebrity 签名；(尤指名人的)亲笔签名b  handwriting 字体，笔迹；手迹 2  a manuscript in an author's own handwriting 手稿 3  a document signed by its author (由作者签名的)稿件 ●v. tr.  1  sign (a photograph, autograph album, etc.) (在照片、影集等上)签名，署名 2  write (a letter etc.) by hand 亲笔书写(信等) [French autographe or Late Latin autographum from Greek autographon, neut. of autographos (as AUTO-, -GRAPH)]

autography /ɔ:ˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  writing done with one's own hand 亲笔，笔迹 2  the facsimile reproduction of writing or illustration (书写或插图的)真迹复制 □ autographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  

autogyro var.  of AUTOGIRO  AUTOGIRO 的变体

autoharp /ˈɔ:tə(ʊ)hɑ:p/ n.  a kind of zither with a mechanical device to allow the playing of chords (一种利用机械装置弹奏和弦的)自动竖琴

autoimmune /ˌɔ:təʊiˈmju:n/ adj. Med. (of a disease) caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body 【医】(疾病)自身免疫的 □ autoimmunity  n.  

autointoxication /ˌɔ:təʊintɒksiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  poisoning by a toxin formed within the body itself 【医】自体中毒

autolysis /ɔ:ˈtɒlisis/ n.  the destruction of cells by their own enzymes (细胞靠自身酶进行的)自身分解，自溶 □ autolytic  /ɔ:təˈlitik/ adj.   [German Autolyse (as AUTO-, -LYSIS)]

automat /ˈɔ:təmæt/ n. US [美]  1  a slot machine that dispenses goods 自动售货机 2 hist.  a cafeteria containing slot machines dispensing food and drink [史义] (有自动售货机供应食品和饮料的)自助餐厅 [German from French automate, formed as AUTOMATION]

automate /ˈɔ:təmeit/ v. tr.  convert to or operate by automation (使)自动化；使自动操作  the ticket office has been automated  售票处已经自动化 [back-formation from AUTOMATION]

automatic /ɔ:təˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a machine, device, etc., or its function) working by itself, without direct human intervention (指机器、设备等)自动的，无人操作的 2  a  done spontaneously, without conscious thought or intention 自然的；自发的；不加思索的  an automatic reaction  自发反应b  necessary and inevitable 必然的；不可避免的  an automatic penalty  必然的处罚 3 Psychol.  performed unconsciously or subconsciously 【心】(做事)无意识的，潜意识的 4 (of a firearm) that continues firing until the ammunition is exhausted or the pressure on the trigger is released (火器)连发的；自动的 5 (of a motor vehicle or its transmission) using gears that change automatically according to speed and acceleration (汽车或其传动系统)自动换挡的；自动变速的 ●n.  1  an automatic device, esp. a gun or transmission (尤指枪支或传动设备)自动装置 2 colloq.  a vehicle with automatic transmission [口]有自动变速装置的汽车 □ automatically  adv.  □ automaticity  /ɔ:təməˈtisiti/ n.   [as AUTOMATON + -IC]

automatic pilot n.  a device for keeping an aircraft on a set course (使飞行器按一定路线飞行的)自动操舵装置，自动飞行驾驶仪

automation /ɔ:təˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the use of automatic equipment to save mental and manual labour 自动化，自动操作 2  the automatic control of the manufacture of a product through its successive stages (产品制造过程中一系列工序的)自动控制 [irregular formation from AUTOMATIC + -ATION]

automatism /ɔ:ˈtɒmətiz(ə)m/ n.  1 Psychol.  the performance of actions unconsciously or subconsciously; such action 【心】无意识或下意识行为；不自觉动作 2  involuntary action 非本意的动作 3  unthinking routine 机械式的日常行为 [French automatisme from automate AUTOMATON]

automatize /ɔ:ˈtɒmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a process etc.) automatic 使(过程等)自动化 2  subject (a business, enterprise, etc.) to automation 使(公司、企业等)实现自动化 □ automatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [AUTOMATIC + -IZE]

automaton /ɔ:ˈtɒmət(ə)n/ n. (pl. automata /-tə/ or automatons)  1  a mechanism with concealed motive power 自动机器，自动控制装置；机器人 2  a person who behaves mechanically, like an automaton 做事机械的人；行为像机器般的人 [Latin from Greek, neut. of automatos ‘acting of itself’: see AUTO-]

automobile /ˈɔ:təməbi:l/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a motor car [尤北美]汽车，机动车 [French (as AUTO-, MOBILE)]

automotive /ɔ:təˈməʊtiv/ adj.  concerned with motor vehicles 汽车的，机动车的

autonomic /ɔ:təˈnɒmik/ adj. esp. Physiol.  functioning involuntarily (尤)【生理】自主的；不受意志支配的 [AUTONOMY + -IC]

autonomic nervous system n.  the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, e.g. heartbeat 自主神经系统(指不受意识控制的部分指挥神经系统，如心跳等)

autonomous /ɔ:ˈtɒnəməs/ adj.  1  having self-government 自治的 2  acting independently or having the freedom to do so 独立自主的；有独立自由的 □ autonomously  adv.   [Greek autonomos (as AUTONOMY)]

autonomy /ɔ:ˈtɒnəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the right of self-government 自治，自治权 2  personal freedom 人身自由，个人自由 3  freedom of the will 意志自由 4  a self-governing community 自治团体；自治区 □ autonomist  n.   [Greek autonomia from autos ‘self’ + nomos ‘law’]

autopilot /ˈɔ:təʊˌpailət/ n.  an automatic pilot 自动飞行驾驶仪 [abbreviation]

autopista /ɔ:təˈpi:stə/ n.  a Spanish motorway (西班牙的)高速公路 [Spanish (as AUTOMOBILE, pista ‘track’)]

autopsy /ˈɔ:tɒpsi, ɔ:ˈtɒpsi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a post-mortem examination 尸体解剖，尸检 2  any critical analysis 分析，剖析 3  a personal inspection 亲自勘察，实地观察 ●v. tr.  perform an autopsy on (a body) 对(尸体)进行解剖，验尸 [French autopsie or modern Latin autopsia from Greek, from autoptēs ‘eye-witness’]

autoradiograph /ɔ:təʊˈreidiəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a photograph of an object produced by radiation from radioactive material in the object. 自动射线照相 □ autoradiographic  /ˌɔ:təreidiəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ autoradiography  /ˌɔ:təreidiˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

autorotation /ˌɔ:tə(ʊ)rə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Aeron.  rotation (esp. of rotor blades) not caused by engine power 【空】(尤指螺旋桨不通过引擎动力的)自转动，自旋转 2  rotation resulting from the shape or structure of an object (e.g. a winged seed) (因物体自身形状或结构引起的)自转(例如翼状植物籽) □ autorotate  v. intr.  

autoroute /ˈɔ:təru:t/ n.  a French motorway (法国的)高速公路 [French (as AUTOMOBILE, ROUTE)]

autostrada /ˈɔ:təstrɑ:də/ n.  an Italian motorway (意大利的)高速公路 [Italian (as AUTOMOBILE, strada ‘road’)]

auto-suggestion /ˌɔ:tə(ʊ)səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  a self-induced or subconscious suggestion affecting reaction, behaviour, etc. (自发或下意识的)自我暗示

autotelic /ɔ:tə(ʊ)ˈtelik/ adj.  having or being a purpose in itself 本身具有目的的 [AUTO- + Greek telos ‘end’]

autotomy /ɔ:ˈtɒtəmi/ n. Zool.  the casting off of a part of the body, e.g. the tail of a lizard, when threatened 【动】自割，自截(例如蜥蜴遇到危险时割弃尾巴)

autotoxin /ɔ:tə(ʊ)ˈtɒksin/ n.  a poisonous substance originating within an organism (生物自身体内产生的)自体毒素 □ autotoxic  adj.  

autotrophic /ɔ:tə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒfik/ adj. Biol.  able to form complex nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide (cf. 参见 HETEROTROPHIC) 【生】靠无机物质(如二氧化碳)生存的；自营养的 [AUTO- + Greek trophos ‘feeder’]

autotype /ˈɔ:tə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1  a facsimile 摹真本，真迹复制 2  a  a photographic printing process for monochrome reproduction (相片单色的)碳印法b  a print made by this process 用碳印法印制的相片

autoxidation /ˌɔ:tɒksiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  spontaneous oxidation at ambient temperatures in the presence of oxygen 【化】自发氧化

autumn /ˈɔ:təm/ n.  1  the third season of the year, when crops and fruits are gathered, and leaves fall, in the northern hemisphere from September to November and in the southern hemisphere from March to May 秋季，秋天(北半球指 9 月到 11 月，南半球指 3 月到 5 月) 2 Astron.  the period from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice 【天】从秋分到冬至期间 3  a time of maturity or incipient decay 成熟期；始衰期 [Middle English from Old French autompne or Latin autumnus]

autumnal /ɔ:ˈtʌmn(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, characteristic of, or appropriate to autumn 秋天的；适合于秋季的  autumnal colours  秋天的颜色 2  maturing or blooming in autumn 秋天成熟的；秋天开花的 3  past the prime of life 已过盛年的 [Latin autumnalis (as AUTUMN, -AL)]

autumn crocus n.  a plant of the genus Colchicum, esp. the meadow saffron 秋水仙(百合属植物)

autumn equinox n. (also 亦作 autumnal equinox)  1  the equinox in autumn, on about 22 Sept. in the northern hemisphere and 20 Mar. in the southern hemisphere 秋分(北半球约在 9 月 22 日，南半球约在 3 月 20 日) 2 Astron.  the equinox in September 【天】 9 月的秋分

auxiliary /ɔ:ɡˈziliəri, ɒɡ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person or thing) that gives help (人或物)帮助的，辅助的 2 (of services or equipment) subsidiary, additional (服务或设备)附属的，附加的；备用的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an auxiliary person or thing 帮助者；辅助物b N. Amer.  an auxiliary group, esp. one of volunteers involved in charitable activities [北美]援助小组；援助机构(尤指志愿参加慈善活动组织) 2 (in pl. 用复数) Mil.  auxiliary troops 【军】援军；雇佣军 3 Gram.  an auxiliary verb 【语法】助动词 [Latin auxiliarius from auxilium ‘help’]

auxiliary troops n. pl.  foreign or allied troops in a belligerent nation's service 外国援军，盟国援军

auxiliary verb n. Gram.  a verb used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs 【语法】助动词

auxin /ˈɔ:ksin/ n.  any of a group of plant hormones that regulate growth 植物生长素，植物激素 [German, from Greek auxō ‘increase’ + -IN]

AV abbr. [缩略]  1  audio-visual (teaching aids etc.) 视听的(教具等) 2  Authorized Version (of the Bible) 

Ava /ˈeivə/   埃娃 [人名]

avadavat /ˈævədəvæt/ n. (also 亦作 amadavat /ˈæmə-/)  either of two brightly coloured S. Asian waxbills, the green Amandava formosa or esp. the red A. amandava (南亚的)梅花雀 [named after Ahmadabad in India, where the birds were sold]

avail /əˈveil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  help, benefit 有助于；有利于，有益于 2 refl. (foll. by 后跟 of)  profit by; take advantage of 获益于；利用 3 intr.  a  provide help 提供帮助b  be of use, value, or profit 有用；有利 ●n. (usu. in neg. or interrog. phrases 通常用于否定或疑问短语)  use, profit 用处，好处；利益  to no avail  无益 without avail  没有好处 of what avail?  有何益处？ [Middle English from obsolete vail (v.) via Old French valoir ‘be worth’ from Latin valēre]

available /əˈveiləb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  1  capable of being used; at one's disposal 可用到的；可任意利用的 2  obtainable; within one's reach 可获得的；可得到的 3  a (of a person) free, not otherwise occupied (人)有时间的，有空的b  able to be contacted 可联系的；可探访的 4  sexually unattached 无性伙伴的 □ availability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ availableness  n.  □ availably  adv.   [Middle English from AVAIL + -ABLE]

avalanche /ˈævəlɑ:nʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mass of snow and ice, tumbling rapidly down a mountain 雪崩 2  a sudden appearance or arrival of anything in large quantities 大量，突然到来的一大批  faced with an avalanche of work  面临大量工作 ●v.  1 intr.  descend like an avalanche 像雪崩一般下降；崩塌 2 tr.  carry down like an avalanche 像雪崩一般带下 [French, alteration of dialect lavanche, influenced by avaler descend]

avant-garde /ævɒ˜:(ŋ)ˈɡɑ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  pioneers or innovators esp. in art and literature (尤指艺术或文学的)先驱，先锋 ●adj. (of art, ideas, etc.) new, progressive (艺术、思想等)创新的；(属于)先锋派的 □ avant-gardism  n.  □ avant-gardist  n.   [French, = vanguard]

avarice /ˈæv(ə)ris/ n.  extreme greed for money or gain; cupidity 贪财；贪婪，贪得无厌 □ avaricious  /ævəˈriʃəs/ adj.  □ avariciously  /-ˈriʃəsli/ adv.  □ avariciousness  /-ˈriʃəsnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin avaritia, from avarus ‘greedy’]

avast /əˈvɑ:st/ int. Naut.  stop, cease 【海】停住，停下 [Dutch houd vast ‘hold fast’]

avatar /ˈævətɑ:/ n.  1 Hinduism  the descent of a deity or released soul to earth in bodily form 【印度教】天神下凡 2  incarnation; manifestation 具人形；具体化 3  a manifestation or phase 神之化身，显身 [Sanskrit avatɑˉra ‘descent’, from ava ‘down’ + tar- ‘pass over’]

avaunt /əˈvɔ:nt/ int. archaic  begone [古义]滚，走开 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French avant, ultimately from Latin ab ‘from’ + ante ‘before’]

Ave. abbr. [缩略]  Avenue 

ave /ˈɑ:vi, ˈɑ:vei/ int. & n. ●int.  1  welcome 欢迎，迎接 2  farewell 告别 ●n.  1 (作 Ave; in full 全称 Ave Maria)  a prayer to the Virgin Mary, the opening line from Luke 1:28 ; also called 亦称作 HAIL MARY 求圣母玛利亚保佑(《路加福音》 1:28 的首行) 2  a shout of welcome or farewell 欢迎(或告别)时的呼语 [Middle English from Latin, 2nd sing. imperative of avēre ‘fare well’]

avenge /əˈven(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  1  inflict retribution on behalf of (a person, oneself, a violated right, etc.) 为(某人、自己或被触犯的权利)报仇，复仇  the murderer was punished and the victim avenged  杀人犯得到惩罚，为受害者报了仇 2  take vengeance for (an injury) (为了伤害等)报复，雪耻  the loss of the aircraft would be avenged  对飞机失踪要进行报复 □ be avenged   avenge oneself 报仇；报复□ avenger  n.   [Middle English from Old French avengier, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + vengier from Latin vindicare ‘vindicate’]■Usage 用法说明 Where necessary, though uncommon, the preposition on (or upon) is used with avenge, to introduce the person on whom vengeance is being taken, e.g. swore he would be avenged on their leader; had the power to avenge himself on them. Avenge usually implies that the retribution inflicted is justifiable, whereas revenge often implies that the main aim of retribution is to satisfy the injured party's resentment. See also Usage Note at REVENGE. 在使用 avenge 一词时，偶尔可能需要加介词 on ，以表示向谁实施报复；例如 swore he would be avenged on their leader (他发誓要对他们的头儿报复)； had the power to avenge himself on them (有力量对他们报复)。 avenge 一词通常指所施报复是正义的，而 revenge 则主要指为了发泄受伤害者的怨愤。另见 REVENGE 的用法注释。 

avens /ˈeiv(ə)nz/ n.  a plant of the genus Geum (rose family) See also 另见 MOUNTAIN AVENS 水杨梅属植物(玫瑰科) [Middle English from Old French avence (medieval Latin avencia), of unknown origin]

aventurine /əˈventʃərin/ n. Mineral. 【矿】  1  brownish glass or mineral containing sparkling gold-coloured particles usu. of copper or gold 砂金石 2  a variety of spangled quartz resembling this (像砂金石一样带有闪亮斑点的)星彩石英 [French, from Italian avventurino from avventura ‘chance’ (because of its accidental discovery)]

avenue /ˈæv(ə)nju:/ n.  1  a  a broad road or street, often with trees at regular intervals along its sides 林阴大道b  a tree-lined approach to a country house (接通乡村住宅、两旁栽有树的)小路，专用道路 2  a way of approaching or dealing with something 方法，途径  explored every avenue to find an answer  想尽各种办法寻求答案 3 (in many American cities having a grid layout) a road running perpendicular to another, esp. east-west (在美国许多棋盘式布局的城市中尤指与东西向街道垂直的)大街 [French, fem. past part. of avenir, from Latin advenire ‘come to’]

aver /əˈvɜ:/ v. tr. (averred, averring) formal  assert, affirm [正式]断言，坚称 [Middle English from Old French averer (as AD-, Latin verus ‘true’)]

average /ˈæv(ə)ridʒ/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  the usual amount, extent, or rate 通常数量，一般程度；一般速率b  the ordinary standard 通常标准 2  an amount obtained by dividing the total of given amounts by the number of amounts in the set 平均数；平均 3 Law  the distribution of loss resulting from damage to a ship or cargo 【法律】(海船或海运损失的)平均分担，公平分担 ●adj.  1  a  usual, ordinary 通常的，一般的；普通的b  mediocre 中等的；平庸的 2  estimated or calculated by average 按平均数估算的 ●v. tr.  1  amount on average to 平均数达…  the sale of the product averaged one hundred a day  平均每天售出产品 100 件 2  do on average 按平均数来做  averages six hours' work a day  平均每天工作 6 小时 3  a  estimate the average of 估算…的平均数b  estimate the general standard of 估计…的一般水平(标准) □ average out   result in an average 达到平均水平，取得平衡□ average out at   result in an average of 算出…平均水平；平均为□ on (or on an) average   as an average rate or estimate 按平均数；一般说来□ averagely  adv.   [French avarie ‘damage to ship or cargo’ (see sense 3), via Italian avaria from Arabic ˈawɑˉrīya ‘damaged goods’, from ˈawɑˉr ‘damage at sea, loss’: -age on the pattern of damage]

average adjustment n. Law  the apportionment of average (see 见 AVERAGE n. 3) 【法律】海损理算

averment /əˈvɜ:m(ə)nt/ n.  a positive statement; an affirmation, esp. Law one with an offer of proof 断言，坚称；(尤)【法律】有实证的陈述 [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French aver(r)ement (as AVER, -MENT)]

averse /əˈvɜ:s/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to; also foll. by 亦后跟 from)  opposed, disinclined 反对的；不愿意的  was not averse to helping me  并不反对帮助我 [Latin aversus (as AVERT)]■Usage 用法说明 Although condemned in the past as etymologically improper (the literal meaning being ‘turned from’), averse is now more often followed by to than from. This can be justified by analogy with semantically related words such as disinclined, hostile, opposed, etc., which are also used with to. 尽管过去认为 averse 后跟 to 从语源上说是错误的(字面上的意思是 turned from) ，但现在其后跟 to 的情况跟 from 更常见。这可以说是按语义近似的词类推的结果(例如 disinclined, hostile, opposed 等，后面也跟 to) 。 

aversion /əˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, from, for)  a dislike or unwillingness 不喜欢；不愿意  has an aversion to hard work  不愿从事艰苦的工作 2  an object of dislike 厌恶的对象  my pet aversion  我最不喜欢的东西 □ aversive  adj.   [French aversion or Latin aversio (as AVERT, -ION)]

aversion therapy n.  therapy designed to make a patient give up an undesirable habit by associating it with an unpleasant effect. 厌恶疗法(一种使患者对某一不良习惯产生厌恶情绪而导致戒除的治疗法)

avert /əˈvɜ:t/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  turn away (one's eyes or thoughts) 转移(目光、想法等) 2  prevent or ward off (an undesirable occurrence) 防止，避开，挡开(不希望发生的情况) □ avertible  adj. (also 亦作 avertable)   [Middle English from Latin avertere (as AB-, vertere vers- ‘turn’): partly via Old French avertir and Romanic]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse sense 2 of avert with avoid, e.g. Disaster was narrowly averted and He narrowly avoided being arrested. Avert incorporates the idea of taking action to ward off an undesirable event in advance, while avoid means ‘to escape’ or ‘evade’. 注意不要将 avert 释义 2 与 avoid 相混淆，例如 Disaster was narrowly averted 和 He narrowly avoided being arrested 。 avert 意思是提前采取行动避免不希望的结局，而 avoid 意为“逃脱”或“逃避”。 

Avesta /əˈvestə/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the sacred writings of Zoroastrianism (see 见 ZEND) 《阿维斯陀》(古波斯琐罗亚斯德教的经典) [Persian]

Avestan /əˈvest(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Avesta (属于)《阿维斯陀》的 ●n.  the ancient Iranian language of the Avesta 阿维斯陀语，古波斯语(伊朗的古代语言)

avian /ˈeiviən/ adj.  of or relating to birds 鸟的，鸟类的 [Latin avis ‘bird’]

aviary /ˈeiviəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a large enclosure or building for keeping birds 大鸟舍；鸟类饲养场 [Latin aviarium (as AVIAN, -ARY1)]

aviate /ˈeivieit/ v.  1 intr.  pilot or fly in an aeroplane 驾驶(飞机)；乘坐(飞机) 2 tr.  pilot (an aeroplane) 驾驶(飞机) [back-formation from AVIATION]

aviation /eiviˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the skill or practice of operating aircraft 航空；航空学；航空术 2  aircraft manufacture 飞机制造业 [French, from Latin avis ‘bird’]

aviator /ˈeivieitə/ n. (fem. aviatrix /ˈeiviətriks/)  an airman or airwoman 飞行员，飞机驾驶员 [French aviateur from Latin avis ‘bird’]

aviculture /ˈeivikʌltʃə/ n.  the rearing and keeping of birds 养鸟，鸟类饲养 □ aviculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [Latin avis ‘bird’, on the pattern of AGRICULTURE]

avid /ˈævid/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, for)  eager, greedy 渴望的，急切的；贪婪的 □ avidly  adv.   [French avide or Latin avidus, from avēre ‘crave’]

avidity /əˈviditi/ n.  1  eagerness, greed 渴望；贪婪 2 Biochem.  the overall strength of binding between an antibody and an antigen 【生化】(抗体与抗原的)亲合力

avifauna /ˈeivifɔ:nə/ n.  birds of a region or country collectively (某一地区或国家的)鸟类(总称) □ avifaunal  adj.   [Latin avis ‘bird’ + FAUNA]

avionics /eiviˈɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  electronics as applied to aviation 航空电子学

avitaminosis /eiˌvitəmiˈnəʊsis, -ˌvait-/ n. (pl. avitaminoses /-ˈnəʊsi:z/) Med.  a condition resulting from vitamin deficiency 【医】维生素缺乏症

avizandum /æviˈzændəm/ n. Sc. Law  a period of time for further consideration of a judgement [苏格兰]【法律】(需进一步考虑才能作出判决的)推迟判决期 [medieval Latin, gerund of avizare ‘consider’ (as ADVISE)]

avocado /ævəˈkɑ:dəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1 (in full 全称 avocado pear)  a pear-shaped fruit with a rough leathery skin, smooth oily edible flesh, and a large stone ; also called 亦称作 alligator pear 鳄梨 2  the tropical evergreen tree, Persea americana, native to Central America, bearing this fruit 鳄梨树(常绿热带乔木) 3  the light green colour of the flesh of this fruit 鳄梨色；浅绿色 ●adj.  of the colour avocado; light green 鳄梨色的；浅绿色的 [Spanish, = advocate (substituted for Nahuatl ahuacatl)]

avocation /ævəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a minor occupation 副业；业余嗜好 2 colloq.  a vocation or calling [口]职业，天职 [Latin avocatio from avocare ‘call away’]

avocet /ˈævəset/ n.  a wading bird of the genus Recurvirostra with long legs and a long slender upward-curved bill and usu. black and white plumage 反嘴鹬(一种涉水禽，脚长，嘴细而向上弯曲，通常生黑白羽毛) [French avocette from Italian avosetta]

Avogadro's constant /ævəˈɡɑ:drəʊz/ n. (also 亦作 Avogadro's number) Chem.  the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance (symbol 符 L) 【化】阿伏伽德罗数 (1 克分子物质的原子数或分子数) [named after A. Avogadro, Italian physicist d. 1856]

Avogadro's law /ævəˈɡɑ:drəʊz/ n. (also 亦作 Avogadro's hypothesis) Physics  a law stating that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules 【物理学】阿伏伽德罗定律(在相同的温度、压力条件下，等体积的各种气体含有相等数目的分子)

avoid /əˈvɔid/ v. tr.  1  keep away from (a thing, person, or action); refrain from 避免，避开；逃避(事物、人或行动)；防止 2  escape; evade 逃脱；回避 3 Law 【法律】  a  nullify (a decree or contract) (使)无效；废止(法令或合同)b  quash (a sentence) 撤消(判决) □ avoidable  adj.  □ avoidably  adv.  □ avoidance  n.  □ avoider  n.   [Anglo-French avoider, Old French evuider ‘clear out, get rid of’, from vuide ‘empty’, VOID]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AVERT. 见 AVERT 的用法注释。 

avoirdupois /ævədəˈpɔiz, ˌævwɑ:djʊˈpwɑ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 avoirdupois weight)  a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces or 7,000 grains 常衡(一种衡量制，以 16 盎司或 7000 格令为一磅) 2  weight, heaviness 重量；体重 [Middle English from Old French aveir de peis ‘goods of weight’ from aveir (modern avoir) ‘to have’, used as a noun, from Latin habēre ‘have’, + peis (see POISE1)]

avouch /əˈvaʊtʃ/ v. tr. & intr. archaic or literary  guarantee, affirm, confess [古义] [文学用语]保证；断言；承认 □ avouchment  n.   [Middle English via Old French avochier from Latin advocare (as AD-, vocare ‘call’)]

avow /əˈvaʊ/ v. tr.  1  admit, confess 承认；供认 2  a refl.  admit that one is 承认自己是…  avowed himself the author  承认自己是作者b (as 用作 avowed adj.)  admitted 被承认的，公认的  the avowed author  公认的作者 □ avowal  n.  □ avowedly  /əˈvaʊidli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French avouer ‘acknowledge’ from Latin advocare (as AD-, vocare ‘call’)]

avulsion /əˈvʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a tearing away 撕脱，扯开；撕脱部分，扯开部分 2 Law  a sudden removal of land by a flood etc. to another person's estate 【法律】(因洪水等引起的)土地突然崩离 [French avulsion or Latin avulsio, from avellere avuls- ‘pluck away’]

avuncular /əˈvʌŋkjʊlə/ adj.  like or of an uncle; kind and friendly, esp. towards a younger person (像)叔伯(或舅父)的；(尤指对幼辈)慈爱的；友善的 [Latin avunculus ‘maternal uncle’, diminutive of avus ‘grandfather’]

aw /ɔ:/ int. esp. N. Amer. & Sc.  expressing mild protest, entreaty, commiseration, or disapproval [尤北美和苏格兰] (表示轻微的反对、请求、同情等)噢，哎，呀 [a natural exclamation]

AWACS /ˈeiwæks/ n.  a long-range airborne radar system for detecting enemy aircraft (侦察敌机的)远距离机载雷达系统 [abbreviation of airborne warning and control system]

await /əˈweit/ v. tr.  1  wait for 等待，等候 2 (of an event or thing) be in store for (事情、事件等)即将发生  a surprise awaits you  有惊喜等着你 [Middle English from Anglo-French awaitier, Old French aguaitier (as AD-, waitier WAIT)]

awake /əˈweik/ v. & adj. ●v. (past awoke /əˈwəʊk/; past part. awoken /əˈwəʊk(ə)n/)  1 intr.  a  cease to sleep 醒，醒来b  become active 激起；唤起 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  become aware of 意识到，觉悟 3 tr.  rouse, esp. from sleep (尤指从睡眠中)唤呼 ●predic. adj.  1  a  not asleep 醒着的，清醒的b  vigilant 警惕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  aware of 意识到的；认识到的 □ be awake up  Austral. colloq. [澳口]  = be a wake-up (see 见 WAKE1)  [Old English ɑˉwœcnan, ɑˉwacian (as A-2, WAKE1)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AWAKEN. 见 AWAKEN 的用法注释。 

awaken /əˈweik(ə)n/ v.  1 v. tr. & intr.  = AWAKEv.  2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make aware 使意识到；使认识到 [Old English onwœcnan etc. (as A-2, WAKEN)]■Usage 用法说明 Awake and awaken are largely interchangeable, but awaken is much rarer than awake as an intransitive verb, and has an extra transitive usage (sense 2 above), as in The strike had awakened them to the possibilities of resistance. awake 和 awaken 在多数情况下可以通用，但是 awaken 较 awake 更少用作不及物动词，并有一种特别的及物用法(即上述释义 2) ，例如 The strike had awakened them to the possibilities of resistance 罢工使他们意识到抵制的可能性。 

award /əˈwɔ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  give or order to be given as a payment, compensation, or prize 授予；(作为付款、补偿、奖励等)给与  awarded him a knighthood  授予他爵士地位 was awarded damages  得到损害补偿 2  grant, assign 赠予；分配 ●n.  1  a payment, compensation, or prize awarded 奖，奖品；奖状 2  a judicial decision (法律的)判决；裁定书 □ awarder  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French awarder, ultimately from Germanic: see WARD]

aware /əˈwɛə/ predic. adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  conscious; not ignorant; having knowledge 意识到的；明白的；有知识的 2  well informed 消息灵通的；有觉悟的 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : politically aware  有政治觉悟的 □ awareness  n.   [Old English gewœr, from West Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In popular use, aware is sometimes used in sense 2 to mean ‘well informed’, without any qualifying word, as in she's a very aware person. This should be avoided in formal contexts. 在通俗使用中， aware 用作上述释义 2 “消息灵通的”有时不加任何限定词，例如 : she's a very aware person 这在正式书面语中应当避免。 

awash /əˈwɒʃ/ predic. adj.  1  level with the surface of water which just washes over; covered in water; flooded 与水面平齐的；被水冲刷的；被水覆盖的；洪水泛滥的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, in)  rich, overflowing, abounding 丰富的；溢流的；充沛的

away /əˈwei/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  to or at a distance from the place, person, or thing in question 向远处；在一定距离之外；离，离开  go away  离开 give away  分发 look away  看远处 they are away  他们不在 5 miles away  5 英里以外 2  towards or into non-existence 趋于消失；不存在；…掉  sounds die away  声音逐渐消失 explain it away  为该事辩解 idled their time away  消磨掉他们的时间 3  constantly, persistently, continuously 继续，不断地，坚持不断地  work away  坚持工作 laugh away  不停地笑 4  without hesitation 不犹豫地；即刻  ask away  当即发问 ●adj. Sport  played on an opponent's ground etc. 【运动】在客场进行的  away match  客场比赛 away win  客场获胜 ●n. Sport  an away match or win 【运动】客场比赛；客场获胜 □ away with  (as 作 imper.)  take away; let us be rid of 拿走，带走；走开，滚蛋 [Old English onweg, aweg ‘on one's way’ from A2 + WAY]

awe /ɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  reverential fear or wonder 敬畏；惊奇，惊叹  stand in awe of  敬畏… ●v. tr.  inspire with awe 使敬畏；使惊奇，使惊叹 [Old English ege and Old Norse agi, from Germanic]

aweary /əˈwiəri/ predic. adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) poet.  weary [诗]厌倦的 [a (imitating A-3) + WEARY]

aweigh /əˈwei/ predic. adj. Naut. (of an anchor) clear of the sea or river bed; hanging 【海】(起锚时锚)离开水底的；吊起的 [A2 + WEIGH1]

awe-inspiring adj.  causing awe or wonder; amazing, magnificent 使人产生敬畏的；令人惊叹的；惊人的；极好的

awesome /ˈɔ:s(ə)m/ adj.  1  inspiring awe; dreaded 引起敬畏的；可怕的 2 slang  marvellous, excellent [俚语]奇妙的，极好的 □ awesomely  adv.  □ awesomeness  n.   [AWE + -SOME1]

awestricken /ˈɔ:strik(ə)n/ adj. (also 亦作 awestruck /-strʌk/)  struck or affected by awe 畏惧的；肃然起敬的

awful /ˈɔ:fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 colloq. [口]  a  unpleasant or horrible 讨厌的；可怕的  awful weather  讨厌的天气b  poor in quality; very bad 糟糕的，极差的  has awful writing  字写得很糟糕c (作 attrib.)  excessive; remarkably large 非常的；极度的；极大的  an awful lot of money  非常多的钱 2 poet.  inspiring awe [诗]引起敬畏的 □ awfulness  n.   [AWE + -FUL]

awfully /ˈɔ:fʊli, -fli/ adv.  1 colloq.  in an unpleasant, bad, or horrible way [口]令人不快地；糟糕地；可怕地  he played awfully  他演奏得很糟 2 colloq.  very [口]很，非常  she's awfully pleased  她非常高兴 thanks awfully  非常感谢 3 poet.  reverently [诗]敬畏地；恭敬地

awhile /əˈwail/ adv.  for a short time 片刻，一会儿 [Old English ɑˉne hwīle ‘a while’]

awkward /ˈɔ:kwəd/ adj.  1  ill-adapted for use; causing difficulty in use 使用不便的；很难使用的 2  clumsy or bungling 笨拙的；拙劣的 3  a esp. Brit.  embarrassed; ill at ease [尤英]尴尬的；不自在的  felt awkward about it  对此感到不自在b  embarrassing 令人尴尬的  an awkward situation  令人尴尬的境地 4 esp. Brit.  difficult to deal with [尤英]难对付的，棘手的  an awkward customer  难对付的顾客 □ the awkward age   adolescence 青春期□ awkwardly  adv.  □ awkwardness  n.   [obsolete awk backhanded, untoward (Middle English, from Old Norse afugr ‘turned the wrong way’) + -WARD]

awl /ɔ:l/ n.  a small pointed tool used for piercing holes, esp. in leather (尤指给皮革打眼的)锥子，尖锥 [Old English œl]

awn /ɔ:n/ n.  a stiff bristle, esp. one growing from the sheath around the seed of cereals and other grasses (尤指谷物和其他草类种子外皮上长的)芒 □ awned  adj.   [Old English from Old Norse ögn]

awning /ˈɔ:niŋ/ n.  a sheet of canvas or similar material stretched on a frame and used to shade a shop window, doorway, ship's deck, or other area from the sun or rain (帆布等做的)遮阳篷，雨篷 [17th c. (nautical): origin uncertain]

awoke past  of AWAKE  

awoken past part.  of AWAKE  

AWOL /ˈeiwɒl/ abbr. colloq.  absent without leave [缩略] [口]未请假缺席，擅离职守

awry /əˈrai/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  crookedly or askew 弯曲地；歪斜地 2  improperly or amiss 不恰当地；出差错，有毛病 ●predic. adj.  crooked; deviant or unsound 弯曲的；扭曲的；偏离正道的；不正常的  his theory is awry  他的理论是错误的 □ go awry   go or do wrong 偏离；做错 [Middle English from A2 + WRY]

aw-shucks /ɔ:ˈʃʌks/ adj. N. Amer. colloq.  characterized by a self-deprecating, self-conscious, or shy manner [北美口]谦卑的；自知之明的；羞怯的 [AW + shucks: see SHUCK]

axe /æks/ n. & v. (US usu. [美]通常作 ax) ●n.  1  a chopping tool, usu. of iron with a steel edge and wooden handle 斧，斧子 2 (作 the axe)  a  the drastic cutting or elimination of expenditure, staff, etc. (开支、人员等的)大幅度削减；裁减；撤销b  the abandoning of a project. (计划的)取消 3 slang  a musical instrument used in jazz or pop music, esp. (originally) a saxophone, or (now) a guitar [俚语] (爵士乐或流行音乐中的)乐器(早先尤指萨克斯管，现在尤指吉他) ●v. tr. (axing)  1  cut (esp. costs, services, or staff) drastically 大幅度削减(开支、服务、雇员等) 2  abandon (a project) 放弃(计划等) □ an axe to grind   private ends to serve 有私心，另有企图 [Old English œx, from Germanic]

axe-breaker n.  an Australian tree, Notelæa longifolia, with very hard timber 断斧树(一种澳大利亚硬木树种)

axel /ˈæks(ə)l/ n.  a jump in skating from the forward outside edge of one skate to the backward outside edge of the other, with one and a half turns in the air (花样滑冰中从正滑单刀外刃转为倒滑另一单刀外刃的)前外一周半跳 [named after Axel R. Paulsen, Norwegian skater d. 1938]

axeman /ˈæksmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who works with or wields an axe 用斧者；斧工；伐木工 2 slang  a jazz or rock guitarist [俚语] (爵士乐或摇滚乐中的)吉他手

axes pl.  of AXIS1  

axial /ˈæksiəl/ adj.  1  forming or belonging to an axis 轴的；轴线的；轴心的 2  round an axis 围绕轴心的  axial rotation  围绕轴心的转动 axial symmetry  轴对称 □ axially  adv.  

axil /ˈæksil/ n. Bot.  the upper angle between a leaf and the stem it springs from, or between a branch and the trunk 【植】叶腋；枝腋 [Latin axilla: see AXILLA]

axilla /ækˈsilə/ n. (pl. axillae /-li:/)  1 Anat.  the armpit 【解】腋窝 2 Bot.  an axil 【植】叶腋；枝腋 [Latin, = armpit, diminutive of ala ‘wing’]

axillary /ækˈsiləri/ adj.  1 Anat.  of or relating to the armpit 【解】腋窝的 2 Bot.  in or growing from the axil 【植】腋生的

axiom /ˈæksiəm/ n.  1  an established or widely accepted principle 公认的原理；普遍接受的原则 2 esp. Geom.  a self-evident truth (尤)【几】公理；自明之理 [French axiome or Latin axioma from Greek axiōma axiōmat-, from axios ‘worthy’]

axiomatic /æksiəˈmætik/ adj.  1  self-evident 自明的 2  relating to or containing axioms 公理的，包含公理的 □ axiomatically  adv.   [Greek axiōmatikos (as AXIOM)]

axis1 /ˈæksis/ n. (pl. axes /-si:z/)  1  a  an imaginary line about which a body rotates or about which a plane figure is conceived as generating a solid 轴，轴线b  a line which divides a regular figure symmetrically (将物体对称分开的)中心线 2 Math.  a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates etc. 【数】坐标轴 3 Bot.  the central column of an inflorescence or other growth 【植】茎轴，主茎(花序等的中轴线) 4 Anat.  the second cervical vertebra 【解】第二颈椎 5 Physiol.  the central part of an organ or organism 【生理】(器官或有机体的)枢椎 6  an agreement or alliance between two or more countries forming a centre for an eventual larger grouping of nations sharing an ideal or objective 轴心(两国或多国之间的协议或联盟、作为最终形成的一个更大国家集团的核心) 7 (作 the Axis)  a  the alliance of Germany and Italy formed before and during the Second World War, later extended to include Japan and other countries (第二次世界大战德国和意大利组成，后日本等国也加入的)轴心国b  these countries as a group 组成轴心的国家 [Latin, = axle, pivot]

axis2 /ˈæksis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a white-spotted deer, Cervus axis, of S. Asia. Also called 亦称作 chital (产于南亚的)白斑鹿 [Latin]

axle /ˈæks(ə)l/ n.  a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) on which a wheel or group of wheels is fixed 轮轴，车轴 [originally axle-tree (Middle English axel-tre) from Old Norse öxull-tré]

Axminster /ˈæksminstə/ n. (in full 全称 Axminster carpet)  a kind of machine-woven patterned carpet with a cut pile 阿克斯明斯特绒头地毯 [the town of Axminster in S. England, where such carpets are made]

axolotl /ˈæksəlɒt(ə)l/ n.  an aquatic newtlike salamander, Ambystoma mexicanum, from Mexico, which in natural conditions retains its larval form for life but is able to breed 美西螈(墨西哥钝口螈属) [Nahuatl, from atl ‘water’ + xolotl ‘servant’]

axon /ˈæksɒn/ n. Anat. & Zool.  a long threadlike part of a nerve cell, conducting impulses from the cell body 【解】【动】(神经的)轴突 [modern Latin, from Greek axōn ‘axis’]

axonometric /æks(ə)nə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj. Art etc. (of a pictorial representation) using an orthographic projection of the object on a plane inclined to each of the three principal axes of the object 【艺术】(指绘画表现)使用轴线测定投影的，轴测法的

ay var.  of AYE1  AYE1 的变体

ayah /ˈaiə/ n.  a nurse or maidservant, esp. of Europeans in India and in other former British territories abroad (尤指在印度和其他前英国殖民地的欧洲人的)女仆，女佣，保姆 [Anglo-Indian, from Portuguese aia ‘nurse’]

ayatollah /aiəˈtɒlə/ n.  a Shi'ite religious leader in Iran 阿亚图拉(伊朗什叶派宗教领袖) [Persian from Arabic, = token of God]

aye1 /ai/ adv. & n. (also 亦作 ay) ●adv.  1 archaic or dial.  yes [古义] [方]是，是的 2 (in voting) I assent (选举中)赞成 3 (as 作 aye aye) Naut.  a response accepting an order 【海】是，明白(表示接受命令) ●n.  an affirmative answer or assent, esp. in voting 肯定的回答；(尤指选举中的)赞成票 □ the ayes have it   the affirmative votes are in the majority 赞成票占多数 [16th c.: probably from first person personal pronoun expressing assent]

aye2 /ei, ai/ adv. archaic  ever, always [古义]经久地，永远地 □ for aye   for ever 永远 [Middle English from Old Norse ei, ey, from Germanic, related to Latin aevum ‘age’, Greek aiōn AEON]

aye-aye /ˈaiai/ n.  an arboreal nocturnal lemur, Daubentonia madagascariensis, native to Madagascar 指猴(一种树栖夜行狐猴，原产马达加斯加) [French, from Malagasy aiay]

Aylesbury /ˈeilzb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. Aylesburys)  1  a bird of a breed of large white domestic ducks 埃尔兹伯里鸭(一种白色、体型大的家鸭) 2  this breed 此种群 [the town of Aylesbury in S. England, where the ducks were bred]

Aymara /ˈaimərɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Aymaras)  1  a member of a S. American Indian people of Bolivia and Peru 艾马拉族人(生活在玻利维亚和秘鲁的南美印第安人) 2  the language of this people 艾马拉语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 艾马拉族的；艾马拉语的 [Bolivian Spanish]

Ayrshire /ˈɛəʃə/ n.  1  an animal of a mainly white breed of dairy cattle 艾尔夏牛(一种主要为白色的乳牛) 2  this breed 此种群 [name of a former Scottish county, where the cattle were bred]

ayurveda /ɑ:jəˈveidə, -ˈvi:də/ n.  a traditional Hindu system of medicine based on the idea of balance in bodily systems and emphasizing diet, herbal treatment, yogic breathing, etc. 阿耶维达疗法(一种传统的印度医术，讲究体内平衡，强调节食、草药治疗、瑜珈气功等) □ ayurvedic  adj.   [Sanskrit ɑˉyur-veda ‘science of life’ (see VEDA)]

AZ abbr. US  Arizona (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]亚利桑那州(正式邮政用语)

azalea /əˈzeiliə/ n.  any of various flowering deciduous shrubs of the genus Rhododendron, with large pink, purple, white, or yellow flowers 杜鹃花属(落叶灌木) [modern Latin from Greek, fem. of azaleos ‘dry’ (from the dry soil in which it was believed to flourish)]

azeotrope /ˈeiziətrəʊp, əˈzi:ə-/ n. Chem.  a mixture of liquids in which the boiling point remains constant during distillation, at a given pressure, without change in composition 【化】共沸混合物，恒沸物(一种液体混合物，其沸点在蒸馏期间保持恒温，构成成分中不会发生任何变化) □ azeotropic  /ˌeiʒiəˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik, əˌzi:ə-/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek zeō ‘boil’ + tropos ‘turning’]

Azerbaijan   阿塞拜疆

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaiˈdʒɑ:ni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Azerbaijanis)  1  a native or inhabitant of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus 阿塞拜疆人 2  the Turkic language of Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Azerbaijanis or their language 阿塞拜疆人的；阿塞拜疆语的 [Azerbaijan + -I2]

Azeri /əˈzɛəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Azeris)  1  a member of a Turkic people living mainly in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and northern Iran 阿塞里人(居住在阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚和伊朗北部的突厥人) 2  their language 阿塞里语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language 阿塞里人的；阿塞里语的 [Turkish azeri from Persian, = fire]

azide /ˈeizaid/ n. Chem.  any compound containing the radical N3- 【化】叠氮化物 [French azote ‘nitrogen’ + -IDE]

Azilian /əˈziliən/ n. & adj. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●n.  an early mesolithic culture in western Europe, dated about 10,000 to 8000 BC. (西欧)中石器时代文化(约公元前 10,000 到 8,000 年) ●adj.  of or relating to this culture 中石器时代文化的 [named after Mas d'Azil in the French Pyrenees, where remains of it were found]

azimuth /ˈæziməθ/ n.  1  the angular distance from a north or south point of the horizon to the intersection with the horizon of a vertical circle passing through a given celestial object. 地平经度；方位角 2  the horizontal angle or direction of a compass bearing (指南针的)水平角度；方位 □ azimuthal  /-ˈmju:θ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French azimut from Arabic as-sumūt, from al ‘the’ + sumūt, pl. of samt ‘way, direction’]

azimuthal projection n.  a map projection in which a region of the earth is projected on to a plane tangential to the surface, usually at the pole or equator (地图的)方位投影

azine /ˈeizi:n/ n. Chem.  any organic compound with two or more nitrogen atoms in a six-atom ring 【化】二氯陆圜，吖嗪 [AZO- + -INE4]

azo- /ˈeizəʊ/ prefix Chem.  containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms between carbon atoms 【化】(含)偶氮的 [French azote ‘nitrogen’ from Greek azōos ‘without life’]

azo dye n.  any of a number of dyes whose molecules contain two adjacent nitrogen atoms between two carbon atoms 偶氮染料

azoic /eiˈzəʊik/ adj.  1  having no trace of life 无生命迹象的 2 Geol. (of an age etc.) having left no organic remains 【地质】(指时代等)无生的，无有机物遗骸的 [Greek azōos ‘without life’]

AZT abbr.  the drug zidovudine [缩略]齐多夫定，叠氮胸苷(用于抗艾滋病毒的药) [chemical name azidothymidine]

Aztec /ˈæztek/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the native people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th c. 阿兹特克人(西班牙人 16 世纪征服墨西哥以前的当地土著印第安人) 2  the language of the Aztecs 阿兹特克语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Aztecs or their language (see also 另见 NAHUATL) 阿兹特克人的；阿兹特克语的 [French Aztèque or Spanish Azteca, from Nahuatl aztecatl ‘men of the north’]

azuki var.  of ADZUKI  ADZUKI 的变体

azure /ˈæʒə, -ʒj(ʊ)ə, -zjʊə; ˈei-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a deep sky-blue colour 碧空，苍穹b Heraldry  blue 【纹章学】蓝色 2 poet.  the clear sky [诗]碧空，苍穹 ●adj.  1  a  of the colour azure 天蓝色的，蔚蓝的b Heraldry  blue 【纹章学】蓝色的 2 poet.  serene, untroubled [诗]宁静的，安宁的 [Middle English via Old French asur, azur and medieval Latin azzurum, azolum from Arabic al ‘the’ + lɑˉzaward from Persian lɑˉzward ‘lapis lazuli’]

azygous /ˈæziɡəs/ adj. & n. Anat. 【解】  ●adj. (of any organic structure) single; not existing in pairs (指任何组织结构)单的；非双生的；不成对的 ●n.  an organic structure occurring singly 单生器官 [Greek azugos ‘unyoked’ (as A-1 + zugon ‘yoke’)]

B1 /bi:/ n. (also 亦作 b) (pl. Bs or B's)  1  the second letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 2 个字母 2 Mus.  the seventh note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 7 个音， B 音 3  the second hypothetical person or example B (假定的第 2 个人或例子) 4  the second highest class or category (of roads, academic marks, etc.) (道路、学业成绩等的)二级，第二等 5 (usu. 通常作 b) Algebra  the second known quantity 【代数】第二已知量 6  a human blood type of the ABO system (ABO 血型的)B 血型

B2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 B.)  1  black (pencil lead) 黑色(铅笔心) 2 Chess 【棋类】  bishop  3  Blessed 

B3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element boron 【化】(化学元素)硼 2 Physics  magnetic flux density 【物理学】磁通量密度 3  bel(s) 

b1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 b.)  1  born  2 Cricket 【板球】  a  bowled by 被…击中b  bye  3  billion 

b2 symb. [符] Physics 【物理学】  barn 

BA abbr. [缩略]  1  Bachelor of Arts 文学士 2  British Academy 英国学会 3  British Airways 英国航空公司 4  British Association (for the Advancement of Science) 英国科学促进会

Ba symb. Chem.  the element barium [符]【化】(化学元素)钡

BAA abbr.  British Airports Authority [缩略]英国航空站管理局

baa /bɑ:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (baas, baaed or baa'd) (of a sheep etc.) bleat (羊等)发咩声 ●n. (pl. baas)  the cry of a sheep or lamb (羊、羊羔)咩 [imitative]

Baagandji /ˈbɑ:ɡ(ə)ndʒi/ n.  an Aboriginal language of SE Australia, now extinct 巴士几语(澳大利亚东南部一土著语，现已消失)

baa-lamb n. (a child's word for) a lamb (儿语)咩咩羊

baas /bɑ:s/ n. S. Afr.  boss, master (often as a form of address) [南非]老板，主人(常用作称呼) [Dutch: cf. BOSS1]

baasskap /ˈbɑ:skæp/ n. S. Afr.  domination, esp. of non-whites by whites [南非] (尤指白人对非白人的)统治 [Afrikaans from baas ‘master’ + -skap ‘condition’]

baba /ˈbɑ:bɑ:/ n. (in full 全称 rum baba)  a small rich sponge cake, usu. soaked in rum-flavoured syrup 朗姆蛋糕，婆婆蛋糕(通常浸在朗姆味糖浆中) [French from Polish, literally ‘married peasant woman’]

babacoote /ˈbæbəku:t/ n.  = INDRI  [Malagasy babakoto]

Babbitt /ˈbæbit/ n.  a materialistic, complacent businessman 巴比特式人物(讲究实际且自满的商人) □ Babbittry  n.   [George Babbitt, a character in the novel Babbitt (1922) by S. Lewis]

babbitt /ˈbæbit/ n.  1 (in full 全称 babbitt metal)  any of a group of soft alloys of tin, antimony, copper, and usu. lead, used for lining bearings etc., to diminish friction 巴氏合金(铅基，用作套筒轴承等，以减小摩擦) 2  a bearing-lining made of this 巴氏合金轴承衬 [I. Babbitt, American inventor d. 1862]

babble /ˈbæb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  talk in an inarticulate or incoherent manner 模糊不清地说b  chatter excessively or irrelevantly 唠叨c (of a stream etc.) murmur, trickle (溪水等)潺潺作声 2 tr.  repeat foolishly; divulge through chatter 愚蠢地重复；不经意地泄露 ●n.  1  a  incoherent speech 模糊不清的话语b  foolish, idle, or childish talk 蠢话，无价值的话，孩子气的话 2  the murmur of voices, water, etc. 细声细语(潺潺声等) 3  background disturbance caused by interference from conversations on other telephone lines 集扰；串音 □ babblement  n.   [Middle English, from Middle Low German babbelen, or imitative]

babbler /ˈbæblə/ n.  1  a chatterer 说话不清的人，唠叨的人 2  a person who reveals secrets 泄露秘密的人 3  a passerine bird of the large family Timaliidae, with a loud chattering voice (鹟科)画眉，鹛

babe /beib/ n.  1 literary  a baby [文学用语]婴儿 2  an innocent or helpless person 天真幼稚的人，不能自立的人  babes and sucklings  娃娃们 babes in the wood  幼稚盲从的人 3 N. Amer. slang often offens.  a young woman (often as a form of address) [北美] [俚语] [常冒犯]年轻妇女(常用作称呼) [Middle English: imitative of child's ba, ba]

babel /ˈbeib(ə)l/ n.  1  a confused noise, esp. of voices (尤指声音)嘈杂声 2  a noisy assembly 乱哄哄的集会 3  a scene of confusion 嘈杂混乱的场面 [Middle English, from Hebrew Bɑˉbel ‘Babylon’ from Akkadian bɑˉb ili ‘gate of god’ (with reference to the biblical account of the tower that was built to reach heaven but ended in chaos when Jehovah confused the builders' speech: see Gen. 11)]

Babi /ˈbɑ:bi/ n.  a member of an eclectic Persian sect founded in 1844, teaching that a new prophet would follow Muhammad, and later giving rise to the Baha'i faith 巴布教派信徒 □ Babism  n.   [Persian Bab, ‘gate’ (= intermediary), name taken by the founder]

babirusa /bɑ:biˈru:sə/ n. (also 亦作 babiroussa)  a wild hog, Babyrousa babyrussa, with upturned tusks, native to the Malay Archipelago (马来群岛的)东南亚疣猪 [Malay, from babi ‘hog’ + rusa ‘deer’]

baboon /bəˈbu:n/ n.  1  any of various large Old World monkeys of the genera Papio and Mandrillus, having a long doglike snout, large teeth, and naked callosities on the buttocks 狒狒(狒狒属，鼻孔像狗、牙大、臀部裸露有茧) 2  an ugly or uncouth person 丑陋的人，粗野的人 [Middle English, from Old French babuin or medieval Latin babewynus, perhaps from Old French baboue ‘muzzle, grimace’]

Babs /bæbz/   巴布斯 [人名]

babu /ˈbɑ:bu:/ n.  1 (in the Indian subcontinent) a title of respect, esp. to Hindus (在印度次大陆)巴布(尤指对印度教徒的尊称) 2 Anglo-Ind. offens.  an Indian clerk or official who has a superficial knowledge of English [印英] [冒犯] (粗懂英语的)印度书记员(官员) [Hindi bɑˉbū, literally ‘father’]

babushka /bəˈbʊʃkə/ n.  1 (in Russia) an old woman; a grandmother (俄罗斯)老太婆，老祖母 2  a headscarf tied under the chin 婆婆头布 [Russian, = grandmother]

baby /ˈbeibi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a very young child or infant, esp. one not yet able to walk (尤指尚不能走路的)婴儿 2  an unduly childish person 特别孩子气的人  is a baby about injections  是个怕打针的人 3  the youngest member of a family, team, etc. (家庭或班组等中)最小的人 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a young or newly born animal 幼兽，幼畜b  a thing that is small of its kind 小型的，微型的  baby car  微型轿车 baby rose  微型玫瑰 5 slang  a young woman; a sweetheart (often as a form of address) [俚语]年轻妇女，甜心，小妞(通常用作称呼) 6 slang  a person or thing regarded with affection or familiarity [俚语]心爱的(或熟悉的)人(或物) 7  one's own responsibility, invention, concern, achievement, etc., regarded in a personal way (被视为个人的)职责(发明、关切、成就等) ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  treat like a baby 当作婴儿般地对待 2  pamper 娇宠 □ carry (or hold) the baby   bear unwelcome responsibility 做不情愿做的事□ throw away (or out) the baby with the bathwater   reject the essential with the inessential 抛弃糟粕时把精华也扔了□ babyhood  n.   [Middle English (as BABE, -Y2)]

baby blue n. & adj. ●n.  a light blue colour 婴儿蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 婴儿蓝的，浅蓝的

baby boom n. colloq.  a temporary marked increase in the birth rate [口]生育率激增

baby boomer n.  a person born during a baby boom, esp. after the Second World War (尤指在第二次世界大战之后)生育高峰期出生的人

baby bouncer n. Brit.  a frame supported by elastic or springs, into which a child is harnessed to exercise its limbs [英]幼儿体操架

baby buggy n.  1 Brit. propr.  a kind of child's collapsible pushchair [英] [商标] (可折叠的)婴儿车 2 N. Amer.  a pram [北美]手推童车

baby carriage n. N. Amer.  a pram [北美]手推童车

baby face n.  1  a smooth round face like a baby's 娃娃脸 2  a person with such a face 长娃娃脸的人 □ baby-faced  adj.  

baby grand n.  the smallest size of grand piano 小型卧式钢琴

Babygro /ˈbeibiɡrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. propr.  a kind of all-in-one stretch garment for babies [英] [商标]多用婴儿衣 [BABY + GROW]

babyish /ˈbeibiiʃ/ adj.  1  childish, simple 孩子气的，幼稚的 2  immature 不成熟的 □ babyishly  adv.  □ babyishness  n.  

Babylonian /bæbiˈləʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an inhabitant of Babylon, an ancient city and kingdom in Mesopotamia 巴比伦居民；巴比伦城；巴比伦王国 ●adj.  of or relating to Babylon 巴比伦的，与巴比伦有关的 [Latin Babylonius via Greek Babulonios from Babulon, from Hebrew Bɑˉbel]

baby's breath n.  any of various scented plants, esp. Gypsophila paniculata 满天星(尤指锥花丝石竹)

babysit /ˈbeibisit/ v. intr. (-sitting; past and past part. -sat)  look after a child or children while the parents are out 代人照看小孩 □ babysitter  n.  

baby-snatcher n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who abducts a very young child 拐骗幼儿的人 2 Brit. [英]  = CRADLE-SNATCHER 

baby talk n.  childish talk used by or to young children 幼儿口语的话；儿语

baby walker n.  a wheeled frame in which a baby learns to walk (幼儿)学步车

Bacardi /bəˈkɑ:di/ n. (pl. Bacardis) propr.  a West Indian rum produced originally in Cuba [商标] (源于古巴的)西印度百加得朗姆酒 [name of the company producing it]

baccalaureate /bækəˈlɔ:riət/ n.  1  an examination intended to qualify successful candidates for higher education, esp. in France and many international schools (尤指法国及许多国际学校中的)中学毕业会考 2  the university degree of bachelor 学士学位 [French baccalauréat or medieval Latin baccalaureatus, from baccalaureus ‘bachelor’]

baccarat /ˈbækərɑ:/ n.  a gambling card game played by punters in turn against the banker 巴卡拉纸牌戏 [French baccara, of unknown origin]

bacchanal /ˈbækən(ə)l, -næl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a wild and drunken revelry 狂欢酒宴 2  a drunken reveller 狂饮作乐的人 3  a priest, worshipper, or follower of Bacchus, the Greek or Roman god of wine 酒神祭司；酒神崇拜者 ●adj.  1  of or like Bacchus or his rites 酒神的；酒神似的；酒神节的 2  riotous, roistering 狂饮作乐的 [Latin bacchanalis from Bacchus, from Greek Bakkhos]

Bacchanalia /bækəˈneiliə/ n. pl.  1  the Roman festival of Bacchus 罗马酒神节 2 (bacchanalia)  a drunken revelry 狂饮的酒宴 □ Bacchanalian  adj. & n.   [Latin, neut. pl. of bacchanalis: see BACCHANAL]

bacchant /ˈbækənt/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. bacchants or bacchantes /bəˈkænti:z/; fem. bacchante /bəˈkænt, bəˈkænti/)  1  a priest, priestess, or follower of Bacchus 酒神祭司，酒神追随者 2  a drunken reveller 狂饮作乐者 ●adj.  1  of or like Bacchus or his rites 酒神的；酒神似的；酒神节的 2  riotous, roistering 狂欢作乐的 □ bacchantic  /bəˈkæntik/ adj.   [French bacchante from Latin bacchari ‘celebrate Bacchanal rites’]

Bacchic /ˈbækik/ adj.  = BACCHANALadj.  [Latin bacchicus from Greek bakkhikos ‘of Bacchus’]

baccy /ˈbæki/ n. colloq.  tobacco [口]烟草 [abbreviation]

bachelor /ˈbætʃələ/ n.  1  an unmarried man 未婚男子，单身汉 2  a man or woman who has taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science etc. 获得(文学士或理学士等)学位的男子(或女子) 3 hist.  a young knight serving under another's banner [史义]青年最低级爵士 □ bachelorhood  n.  □ bachelorship  n.   [Middle English & Old French bacheler ‘aspirant to knighthood’, of uncertain origin]

bachelor girl n.  an independent unmarried young woman (独立生活的)未婚女子

bachelor's buttons n. pl. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单或复)  any of various button-like flowers, esp. the double buttercup 矢车菊，钮扣花(尤指复毛茛)

bacillary /bəˈsiləri/ adj.  relating to or caused by bacilli 有关杆菌的；杆菌引起的

bacilliform /bəˈsilifɔ:m/ adj.  rod-shaped 杆状的

bacillus /bəˈsiləs/ n. (pl. bacilli /-lai, -li:/)  1  any rod-shaped bacterium 芽孢杆菌 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any pathogenic bacterium 病原菌 [Late Latin, diminutive of Latin baculus ‘stick’]

back /bæk/ n., adv., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips (人体的)后背，背部b  the corresponding upper surface of an animal's body (牲畜的)背c  the spine 脊骨  fell and broke his back  摔断了脊骨d  the keel of a ship (船的)龙骨 2  a  any surface regarded as corresponding to the human back, e.g. of the head or hand, or of a chair (如头、手、椅子的)后部，背部b  the part of a garment that covers the back (衣服的)后襟，后片 3  a  the less active or visible or important part of something functional, e.g. of a knife or a piece of paper (如刀、一页纸的)背部，后面，背面  write it on the back  把它写在背面b  the side or part normally away from the spectator or the direction of motion or attention, e.g. of a car, house, or room (如车、房、屋的)后边，尾部，后部  stood at the back  站在后边 4  a  a defensive player in field games 后卫b  this position 后卫区 5 (作 the Backs)  the grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam 剑桥大学的后花园 ●adv.  1  to the rear; away from what is considered to be the front 向后地，远离前部地  go back a bit  后退一点 ran off without looking back  不往后看地跑 2  a  in or into an earlier or normal position or condition 在原处，回原处  came back late  回来得晚 went back home  回家 ran back to the car  跑回轿车处 put it back on the shelf  放回书架上b  in return 送还  pay back  归还 3  in or into the past 以前，追溯  back in June  追溯到 6 月 three years back  3 年前 4  at a distance 在远处  stand back from the road  站在离开大路很远的地方 5  in check 处于被钳制状态  hold him back  止住他 6 (foll. by 后跟 of) N. Amer.  behind [北美]在后边  was back of the house  在房子后边 ●v.  1 tr.  a  help with moral or financial support (在道义、财政方面)支持b  bet on the success of (a horse etc.) 下赌注于(马等) 2 tr. & intr.  move, or cause (a vehicle etc.) to move, backwards (使)后退，(使)倒退 3 tr.  a  put or serve as a back, background, or support to 用作背面(背景、支持等)b Mus.  accompany 【音】伴奏 4 tr.  lie at the back of 位于…的后面  a beach backed by steep cliffs  海滨的后边是陡壁 5 intr. (of the wind) move round in an anticlockwise direction (风)逆时针方向旋转 ●attrib. adj.  1  situated behind, esp. as remote or subsidiary (尤指偏远的或辅助的)后面的  back entrance  后门 back teeth  后牙 2  of or relating to the past; not current (有关)过去的，过期的，旧的  back pay  欠薪 back issue  过期杂志 3  reversed 向后的，反向的  back flow  倒流 4 Phonet.  formed at the back of the mouth 【语音】舌后的，舌根的 □ at a person's back   in pursuit or support 追随；支持□ at the back of one's mind   remembered but not consciously thought of (不经意地)想起□ back and forth   to and fro 来回地□ back down   withdraw one's claim or point of view etc.; concede defeat in an argument etc. 收回原来的声明(或观点)；在争论中承认失败□ the back of beyond   a very remote or inaccessible place 天涯海角，穷乡僻壤□ back off   1  draw back, retreat 后退 2  abandon one's intention, stand, etc. 放弃原来的打算(立场等)□ back on to   have its back adjacent to 后边与…连接  the house backs on to a field  房背朝田□ back out  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  withdraw from a commitment 收回承诺□ back up   1  give (esp. moral) support to (尤指道义上)支持 2 Computing  make a spare copy of (data, a disk, etc.) 【计算】(把资料、软盘等)备份 3 (of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction (自来水)受阻后积聚上升 4  reverse (a vehicle) into a desired position 倒(车) 5  form a queue of vehicles etc., esp. in congested traffic (尤指交通拥塞时)使(车辆等)排成长龙□ get (or put) a person's back up   annoy or anger a person 使某人生气□ get off a person's back   stop troubling a person 不再麻烦某人□ go back on   fail to honour (a promise or commitment) 违背(诺言、许诺等)□ know like the back of one's hand   be entirely familiar with 了如指掌，非常熟悉□ on one's back   injured or ill in bed 受伤(或卧病)在床□ on the back burner   see 见 BURNER □ put one's back into   approach (a task etc.) with vigour 竭尽全力于(某项任务等)□ see the back of   see 见 SEE1 □ turn one's back on   1  abandon 放弃 2  ignore 无视，忽视□ with one's back to (or up against) the wall   in a desperate situation; hard-pressed 在走投无路(或被逼无奈)时□ backer  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ backless  adj.   [Old English bœc, from Germanic]

backache /ˈbækeik/ n.  a (usu. prolonged) pain in one's back (通常拖得较长时间的)腰背酸痛

backbar /ˈbækbɑ:/ n. esp. US  a structure behind a bar counter, with shelves for holding bottles etc. [尤美] (放置瓶子等的)货架

backbeat /ˈbækbi:t/ n. Mus.  a strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar, esp. in jazz and popular music 【音】(尤指爵士乐、流行乐的)基调强节奏

backbench /bækˈben(t)ʃ/ n. Brit.  a backbencher's seat in the House of Commons [英] (下院的)后座议员席

backbencher /bɑkˈben(t)ʃə/ n. Brit.  a Member of Parliament not holding a senior office [英] (下院的)普通议员

backbiting /ˈbækbaitiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  malicious talk 背后诽谤 ●attrib. adj.  speaking ill of another or others 背后诽谤的 □ backbiter  n.  

backblocks /ˈbækblɒks/ n. pl. Austral. & NZ  land in the remote and sparsely inhabited interior [澳新]人烟稀少的腹地

backboard /ˈbækbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board worn to support or straighten the back 脊骨矫正板 2  a board placed at or forming the back of anything 垫板，挡板 3 Basketball  a board behind the basket, off which the ball may rebound 【篮球】篮板

back boiler n. Brit.  a boiler behind and integral with a domestic fire [英]炉灶后的热水器

backbone /ˈbækbəʊn/ n.  1  the spine 脊骨，脊柱 2  the main support of a structure 支柱 3  firmness of character 骨气，坚毅 4 US  the spine of a book [美]书脊

back-breaking adj. (esp. of manual work) extremely hard (尤指体力活)极累人的

backchat /ˈbæktʃæt/ n. Brit. colloq.  the practice of replying rudely or impudently [英口]谩骂；顶嘴，顶撞

backcloth /ˈbækklɒθ/ n. Brit. [英]  1 Theatr.  a painted cloth at the back of the stage as a main part of the scenery 【戏】背景幕 2  the background to a scene or situation 背景

backcomb /ˈbækkəʊm/ v. tr. Brit.  comb (the hair) towards the top of the head to make it look thicker [英]反梳(头发) (使之蓬起)

backcountry /ˈbækkʌntri/ n. esp. N. Amer.  an area away from settled districts [尤北美]偏僻地区

back-crawl n.  = BACKSTROKE 

back cross v. tr. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●v. tr.  cross (a hybrid) with one of its parents (使) (杂交种与亲本生物进行交配)回交，(使)逆代杂交 ●n.  an instance or the product of this 回交，逆代杂交

backdate /bækˈdeit/ v. tr.  1  put an earlier date to (an agreement etc.) than the actual one (在文件等上)把日期写早 2 Brit.  make retrospectively valid [英]使实际生效日期早于公布日期

back door n. & adj. ●n.  1  the door or entrance at the back of a building (建筑物的)后门 2  a secret or ingenious means of gaining an objective 秘密的(或不正当的)途径，“后门” ●attrib. adj. (作 back-door) (of an activity) clandestine, underhand (活动)秘密的，私下(进行)的  back-door deal  “后门”交易

backdown /ˈbækdaʊn/ n.  an instance of backing down 收回原来的声明(或观点)

backdrop /ˈbækdrɒp/ n.  = BACKCLOTH 

backfield /ˈbækfi:ld/ n. Amer. Football [美式橄榄球]  1  the area of play behind the line of scrimmage 守卫区 2  the players in this, or their positions 守卫队员；守卫队员的位置

backfill /ˈbækfil/ v. tr.  refill (an excavated hole) with the material dug out of it 回填(挖掘的洞穴)

backfire v. & n. ●v. intr. /bækˈfaiə/  1  undergo a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust of an internal-combustion engine (汽缸、内燃机)发生回火，逆火 2 (of a plan etc.) rebound adversely on the originator; have the opposite effect to what was intended (计划等)发生意外；产生事与愿违的结果 ●n. /ˈbækfaiə/  an instance of backfiring 回火，逆火

backflip /ˈbækflip/ n.  a backward somersault done in the air with the arms and legs stretched out straight 直体后空翻

back-formation n.  1  the formation of a word from its seeming derivative (e.g. laze from lazy) 反成法(如 laze 来自 lazy) 2  a word formed in this way 逆构词

backgammon /ˈbækɡæmən/ n.  1  a game for two played on a board with pieces moved according to throws of the dice 巴加门，十五子棋戏 2  the most complete form of win in this (十五子棋戏的)全胜 [BACK + GAMMON2]

background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n.  1  part of a scene, picture, or description, that serves as a setting to the chief figures or objects and foreground (风景、画、描述的)后景，背景 2  an inconspicuous or obscure position 隐蔽的地方，不引人注目的地方  kept in the background  躲在不引人注目的地方 3  a person's education, knowledge, or social circumstances 出身背景(如学历等) 4  explanatory or contributory information or circumstances 背景资料 5 Physics 【物理学】  low-intensity ambient radiation from radioisotopes present in the natural environment 本底(辐射) 6 Electronics 【电子学】  unwanted signals, such as noise in the reception or recording of sound 背景噪声，杂音

background music n.  music intended as an unobtrusive accompaniment to some activity, or to provide atmosphere in a film etc. (电影等中的)背景音乐；配乐，伴音

backhand /ˈbækhænd/ n. Tennis etc. 【网球】  1  a stroke played with the back of the hand turned towards the opponent 反手击球 2 (作 attrib.)  of or made with a backhand 反手的，用反手的  backhand volley  反手拦击

backhanded /bækˈhændid/ adj.  1 (of a blow etc.) delivered with the back of the hand, or in a direction opposite to the usual one (打等)用手背的，反手的，与通常方向相反的 2  indirect; ambiguous 间接的，转弯抹角的，暧昧的  a backhanded compliment  隐含讥讽的虚假恭维 3  = BACKHAND 2 

backhander /ˈbækhændə/ n.  1  a  a backhand stroke 反手击球b  a backhanded blow 使用手背的一击 2 colloq.  an indirect attack [口]转弯抹角的攻击 3 Brit. slang  a bribe [英] [俚语]贿赂

backhoe /ˈbækhəʊ/ n. N. Amer.  a mechanical excavator which draws towards itself a bucket attached to a hinged boom [北美]反铲挖土机

backing /ˈbækiŋ/ n.  1  a  support 支持b  a body of supporters 一批支持者c  material used to form a back or support 背衬 2  musical accompaniment, esp. to a singer (尤指给歌手的)伴奏，伴唱

backing track n.  a recorded musical accompaniment, esp. for a soloist to play or sing along with (尤指用于独唱或独奏者的)录音伴曲

backlash /ˈbæklæʃ/ n.  1  an excessive or marked adverse reaction 强烈反对，强烈反应 2  a  a sudden recoil or reaction between parts of a mechanism (机械的)后冲，反撞b  excessive play between such parts 游移

backlight /ˈbæklait/ n.  illumination from behind 背后照明

backlist /ˈbæklist/ n.  a publisher's list of books published before the current season and still in print 存书目录；重版书目录

backlit /ˈbæklit/ adj. (esp. in photography) illuminated from behind (尤指照相中)背后照明的

backlog /ˈbæklɒɡ/ n.  1  arrears of uncompleted work etc. (未完成的工作等)积压 2  a reserve; reserves 储备，备用物  a backlog of goodwill  信誉资产

backmarker /ˈbækmɑ:kə/ n. Brit.  a competitor who has the least favourable handicap in a race etc. [英] (在竞赛等中)不享有让分优待条件的参赛者

backmost /ˈbækməʊst/ adj.  furthest back 最后面的

back number n.  1  an issue of a periodical earlier than the current one 过期杂志 2 slang  an out-of-date person or thing [俚语]过时的人(或物)

backpack /ˈbækpæk/ n. & v. ●n.  a rucksack 背包 ●v. intr.  travel or hike with a backpack 背着背包徒步旅行 □ backpacker  n.  

back passage n. Brit. colloq.  the rectum [英口]直肠

back-pedal v. intr. (-pedalled, -pedalling; US [美] -pedaled, -pedaling)  1  pedal backwards on a bicycle etc. 倒踩(自行车等的)脚蹬 2  reverse one's previous action or opinion 出尔反尔

back-projection n.  the projection of a picture from behind a translucent screen for viewing or filming 背景放映，背面放映

backrest /ˈbækrest/ n.  a support for the back 靠背

back room n. (often, with hyphen, attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  a place where secret work is done 密室

backscattering /ˈbækskæt(ə)riŋ/ n.  the scattering of radiation in a reverse direction 反向散射 □ backscatter  v. tr. & n.  

back-scratcher /ˈbækskrætʃə/ n.  1  a rod terminating in a clawed hand for scratching one's own back 搔痒扒 2  a person who performs mutual services with another for gain 拍马屁者 □ back-scratching  n. & adj.  

back seat n.  1  a seat at the back of a vehicle, hall, etc. (车辆、大厅等)后排座位 2  an inferior position or status 劣势地位

back-seat driver n.  a person who is eager to advise without responsibility (originally of a passenger in a car etc.) (源于汽车等里面的乘客)好指手画脚的人

backsheesh var.  of BAKSHEESH  BAKSHEESH 的变体

backside /bækˈsaid, ˈbæksaid/ n. colloq.  the buttocks [口]屁股

backsight /ˈbæksait/ n.  1  the sight of a rifle etc. that is nearer the stock (步枪等的)准星，表尺缺口 2 Surveying  a sight or reading taken backwards or towards the point of starting 【测量学】后视

back slang n.  slang using words spelt backwards (e.g. yob) 倒拼暗语(如把 boy 拼为 yob)

backslapping /ˈbækslæpiŋ/ adj.  vigorously hearty 十分亲热的

backslash /ˈbækslæʃ/ n.  a backward-sloping diagonal line; a reverse solidus (\) 向后划的斜线 (\)

backslide /ˈbækslaid/ v. intr. (past -slid; past part. -slid or -slidden)  relapse into bad ways or error 倒退，故态复萌 □ backslider  n.  

backspace /ˈbækspeis/ v. intr.  move a typewriter carriage or computer cursor back one or more spaces 退格

backspin /ˈbækspin/ n.  a backward spin imparted to a ball causing it to fly off at an angle on hitting a surface 回旋，倒旋，下旋

backstage /bækˈsteidʒ/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1 Theatr.  out of view of the audience, esp. in the wings or dressing rooms 【戏】在后台(尤指在舞台侧面、化装室) 2  not known to the public 公众不知道地，秘密地 ●adj. /also 亦作 ˈbæk-/  that is backstage; concealed 后台的，秘密的

backstairs /ˈbækstɛəz/ n. pl.  1  stairs at the back or side of a building 后楼梯；侧面楼梯 2 (also 亦作 backstair) (作 attrib.)  denoting underhand or clandestine activity 秘密(的)

backstay /ˈbækstei/ n.  a rope etc. leading downwards and aft from the top of a mast 后支索，后拉索(绳等)

backstitch /ˈbækstitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  sewing with overlapping stitches 回式针迹，来回针脚 ●v. tr. & intr.  sew using backstitch 用回式针迹缝

backstop /ˈbækstɒp/ n.  1 Baseball etc. 【棒球】  a  a fielder directly behind the wicketkeeper 守场员，外场手b  this fielding position 守场员(接手)的位置 2  an emergency precaution; a last resort 增援，加强

backstreet /ˈbækstri:t/ n.  1  a street in a quiet part of a town, away from the main streets 偏僻街道，后街 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting illicit or illegal activity 偷偷摸摸(的)，不合法(的)  a backstreet abortion  非法打胎

backstroke /ˈbækstrəʊk/ n.  a swimming stroke performed on the back with the arms lifted alternately out of the water in a backward circular motion and the legs extended in a kicking action 仰泳

back talk n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = BACKCHAT 

back-to-back adj., n. & adv. ●attrib. adj.  1 esp. Brit. (of houses) with a party wall at the rear [尤英] (房屋)后墙连着的 2 N. Amer.  consecutive [北美]连续的 ●n.  a back-to-back house 后墙相连的房子 ●adv. (作 back to back)  1  with backs adjacent and opposite each other 背靠背地  we stood back to back  我们背靠背站着 2 N. Amer.  consecutively [北美]连续地

back to front adj.  1  with the back at the front and the front at the back 本末倒置的 2  in disorder 混乱的

back-to-nature adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  denoting a movement or enthusiast for the reversion to a simpler way of life 回归自然的

backtrack /ˈbæktræk/ v. intr.  1  retrace one's steps 走回头路 2  reverse one's previous action or opinion 出尔反尔

back-up /ˈbækʌp/ n.  1  moral or technical support 道义(或技术)上的支持  called for extra back-up  要求再给一些支持 2  a reserve 备用物品 3 (often 常作 attrib.) Computing 【计算】  a  the procedure for making security copies of data 备份  back-up facilities  备份设备b  the copy itself 备份件  made a back-up  做一个备份 4 N. Amer.  a queue of vehicles etc., esp. in congested traffic [北美] (尤指交通拥堵时车辆等的)拥塞

backup light n. US  a reversing light [美]倒车灯

backveld /ˈbækvelt/ n. S. Afr.  remote country districts, esp. those strongly conservative [南非] (尤指极其封闭的)偏僻乡村地区 □ backvelder  n.  

backward /ˈbækwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  = BACKWARDS  ●adj.  1  directed to the rear or starting point 向后的，向原处的  a backward look  向后看 2  reversed 颠倒的，反向的 3  mentally retarded or slow (智力)迟钝的 4  reluctant, shy, unassertive 不愿意的，腼腆的，犹豫的 5 Cricket (of a fielding position) behind a line through the stumps at right angles to the wicket 【板球】(指防守位置)在线后 □ backwardness  n.   [earlier abackward, associated with BACK]■Usage 用法说明 Backward is both an adjective and an adverb, while backwards is only an adverb and more common than backward as such, especially in literal senses. Backward 既是形容词又是副词， backwards 只是副词，而且作为副词，就本身字面意义来讲，比 backward 更常用。 

backwardation /bækwəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. esp. Brit. Stock Exch.  the percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying the delivery of it (cf. 参见 CONTANGO) [尤英]【股】延期交易费

backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv.  1  away from one's front 向后地  lean backwards  后仰 look backwards  向后看 2  a  with the back foremost 背部在前地  walk backwards  倒着走b  in reverse of the usual way 倒  count backwards  倒数 spell backwards  倒拼 3  a  into a worse state 每况愈下地  new policies are taking us backwards  新政策把我们弄得每况愈下b  into the past 追溯地  looked backwards over the years  追溯到过去许多年c (of a thing's motion) back towards the starting point (物体运动)向原处  rolled backwards  滚回原处 □ backwards and forwards   in both directions alternately; to and fro 来来回回地，反反复复地□ bend (or fall or lean) over backwards  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  make every effort, esp. to be fair or helpful [口]竭尽全力(尤为善意或有益的)□ know backwards   be entirely familiar with 对某事非常熟悉■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BACKWARD. 见 BACKWARD 的用法说明。 

backwash /ˈbækwɒʃ/ n.  1  a  receding waves created by the motion of a ship etc. (由船等运动引起的)反流b  a backward current of air created by a moving aircraft 喷流 2  repercussions 反响

backwater n. & v. ●n. /ˈbækwɔ:tə/  1  a place or condition remote from the centre of activity or thought 文化落后(死气沉沉)的地方(或情况) 2  stagnant water fed from a stream 回水，壅水 ●v. intr. (作 back water)  reverse a boat's forward motion using oars 倒桨

backwoods /ˈbækwʊdz/ n. pl.  1  remote uncleared forest land 边远蛮荒林区 2  any remote or sparsely inhabited region 人烟稀少的边远地区

backwoodsman /ˈbækwʊdzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  an inhabitant of backwoods 边远蛮荒地区的人 2  an uncouth person 粗野的人 3  a peer who very rarely attends the House of Lords “蛮荒”议员(难得出席会议的上议院议员)

backyard /bækˈjɑ:d/ n.  1 Brit.  a yard at the back of a house etc. [英] (房屋等的)后院 2 N. Amer.  a back garden [北美]后花园 □ in one's own backyard  colloq.  near one's home; in one's own area; near at hand [口]在自己家附近；在自己的领域；在近处

baclava var.  of BAKLAVA  BAKLAVA 的变体

bacon /ˈbeik(ə)n/ n.  cured meat from the back or sides of a pig 腌熏猪肉 □ bring home the bacon  colloq. [口]  1  succeed in one's undertaking 某人事业获得成功 2  supply material provision or support 提供物质帮助；支助 [Middle English via Old French from Frankish bako ham, flitch: related to BACK]

Baconian /beiˈkəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the English philosopher Sir Francis Bacon (d. 1626), or to his inductive method of reasoning and philosophy 培根的，与培根有关的；培根归纳推理法的；培根哲学的 ●n.  1  a supporter of the view that Bacon was the author of Shakespeare's plays 支持培根是莎士比亚剧作者观点的人 2  a follower of Bacon 培根主义者

bacteria pl.  of BACTERIUM  

bactericide /bækˈtiərisaid/ n.  a substance capable of destroying bacteria 杀菌剂 □ bactericidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

bacteriology /bækˌtiəriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of bacteria 细菌学 □ bacteriological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ bacteriologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ bacteriologist  n.  

bacteriolysis /bækˌtiəriˈɒlisis/ n.  the rupture of bacterial cells 溶菌(作用)

bacteriolytic /bækˌtiəriəˈlitik/ adj.  capable of lysing bacteria 溶菌的

bacteriophage /bækˈtiəriə(ʊ)feidʒ, -fɑ:ʒ/ n.  a virus which parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it 噬菌体 [BACTERIUM + Greek phagein ‘eat’]

bacteriostat /bækˈtiəriə(ʊ)stæt/ n.  a substance which inhibits the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them 抑菌剂 □ bacteriostasis  n.  □ bacteriostatic  adj.   [BACTERIUM + Greek statos ‘standing’]

bacterium /bækˈtiəriəm/ n. (pl. bacteria /-riə/)  a member of a large group of unicellular micro-organisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, some of which can cause disease 细菌 □ bacterial  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek baktērion, diminutive of baktron ‘stick’]■Usage 用法说明 A very common mistake is the use of bacteria as the singular form, e.g. The salmonella bacteria accounts for the majority of food poisoning case today. This is not acceptable and the form bacterium should always be used in such examples. 把 bacteria 当作单数名词看待是个常见的错误，如 The salmonella bacteria accounts for the majority of food poisoning cases today (沙门氏菌已成为当今大多数食物中毒的罪魁祸首)。这个例子是不能接受的，这类例子中应该用 bacterium 。 

Bactrian /ˈbæktriən/ adj.  of or relating to Bactria, a region and former empire in central Asia (now northern Afghanistan) 巴克特里亚(中亚古国，现为阿富汗北部)的，与巴克特里亚有关的 [Latin Bactrianus from Greek Baktrianos]

Bactrian camel n.  a camel with two humps, Camelus ferus, native to central Asia (中亚产的)双峰驼

bad /bæd/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (worse /wɜ:s/; worst /wɜ:st/)  1  inferior, inadequate, defective 质量差的；不足的；有缺陷的  bad work  不好的工作 a bad driver  技术拙劣的司机 bad light  光线不足 2  a  unpleasant, unwelcome 令人不高兴的，不受欢迎的，坏的  bad weather  坏天气 bad news  坏消息b  unsatisfactory, unfortunate 令人不满意的，不幸的  a bad business  不幸的事 3  harmful 有害的  is bad for you  对你不利 4  a (of food) decayed, putrid (食物)变质的，腐烂的b (of the atmosphere) polluted, unhealthy (大气)被污染的，不卫生的  bad air  污染的空气 5 colloq.  ill, injured [口]有病的，受伤的  am feeling bad today  今天感觉不舒服 a bad leg  一条伤腿 6 colloq.  regretful, guilty, ashamed [口]后悔的，内疚的，丢脸的  feels bad about it  对此感到后悔 7 (of an unwelcome thing) serious, severe (不受欢迎的东西)严重的，严厉的  a bad headache  头痛得厉害 a bad mistake  严重的错误 8  a  morally wicked or offensive 道德败坏的，邪恶的  a bad man  坏人 bad language  脏话b  naughty; badly behaved 顽皮的，表现不好的  a bad child  顽皮的孩子 9  worthless; not valid 不值钱的，无价值的  a bad cheque  空头支票 10 (badder, baddest) esp. US slang  good, excellent [尤美] [俚语]好的，极好的 ●n.  1  a  ill fortune 厄运  take the bad with the good  既品尝人生之乐也承受人生之苦b  ruin; a degenerate condition 衰败，没落  go to the bad  堕落，没落 2  the debit side of an account (账目的)借方  £ 500 to the bad  欠 500 英镑 3 (treated as pl. 看作复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  bad or wicked people 坏人们 ●adv. N. Amer. colloq.  badly [北美口]悲痛地，遗憾地  took it bad  悲痛地接受 □ from bad to worse   into an even worse state 越来越糟糕，每况愈下□ in a bad way   ill; in trouble 有病；情况不好  looked in a bad way  看样子情况不好□ not (or not so) bad  colloq.  fairly good [口]还不错□ too bad  colloq. (of circumstances etc.) regrettable but now beyond retrieval [口] (情况等)可惜(但无法挽回)□ baddish  adj.  □ badness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old English bœddel ‘hermaphrodite, womanish man’: for loss of l cf. MUCH, WENCH]

badass /ˈbædæs/ n. & adj. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n.  an aggressive, uncooperative person; a troublemaker 寻衅闹事的人，不合作的人，找麻烦的人 ●adj.  1  tough, aggressive 无法无天的，寻衅闹事的 2  bad, worthless 坏的；不值钱的 3  formidable, excellent 不好对付的；优秀的 [ASS2]

bad blood n.  ill feeling 恶感，仇恨

bad books  see 见 BOOK 

bad break n. colloq. [口]  1  a piece of bad luck 恶运 2  a mistake or blunder 错误；失策

bad breath n.  unpleasant-smelling breath; halitosis 坏气味；口臭

bad company n.  1  a dull companion 乏味的伙伴 2  an unsuitable associate or group of friends 不适当的伙伴(或朋友)

bad debt n.  a debt that is not recoverable (无法收回的)倒账，坏账

baddy /ˈbædi/ n. (also 亦作 baddie) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a villain or criminal, esp. in a story, film, etc. [口] (尤指小说、电影等中的)坏蛋，歹徒

bade  see 见 BID 

bad egg  see 见 EGG1 n. 3 

bad faith n.  intent to deceive 骗人的意图，心术不正

bad form n.  an offence against current social conventions 违反潮流的行为

badge /bædʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a distinctive emblem worn as a mark of office, membership, achievement, licensed employment, etc. (表明公司、会员身份、业绩、领照受雇等的)徽章，证章 2  any feature or sign which reveals a characteristic condition or quality 标记，象征 ●v. tr.  mark with or distinguish by a badge 给予标记；授予徽章 [Middle English: origin unknown]

badger /ˈbædʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an omnivorous greyish-black nocturnal Eurasian mammal, Meles meles, of the weasel family, having a white head with two black stripes, and living in burrows called setts (真)獾，(欧亚)獾(鼬科，头部白色，有两根黑色条纹，生活在洞穴中)b  a related N. American animal, Taxidea taxus 美洲獾 2  a fishing-fly, brush, etc., made of its hair 獾毛做的钓鱼钩(刷子等) ●v. tr.  pester, harass, tease 纠缠，困扰，逗弄 [16th c.: perhaps from BADGE, with reference to its white forehead mark]

badinage /ˈbædinɑ:ʒ/ n.  humorous or playful ridicule 戏谑，打趣 [French from badiner ‘to joke’]

bad job n. Brit. colloq.  an unfortunate state of affairs [英口]倒霉的情况(或事情)

badlands /ˈbædlændz/ n. pl.  extensive uncultivable eroded tracts in arid areas (干旱地区侵蚀而成的)崎岖地，劣地 [translation of French mauvaises terres]

bad lot n.  a person of bad character 坏蛋，恶棍

badly /ˈbædli/ adv. (worse /wɜ:s/; worst /wɜ:st/)  1  in a bad manner 差；拙劣地  works badly  工作做得不好 2 colloq.  very much [口]非常，很  wants it badly  很需要它 3  severely 严重地  was badly defeated  惨败

badminton /ˈbædmint(ə)n/ n.  1  a game with rackets in which a shuttlecock is played back and forth across a net 羽毛球(运动) 2 Brit.  a summer drink of claret, soda, and sugar [英]巴德明顿汽水，葡萄酒汽水 [Badminton in S. England, a country house where the game was first played]

bad mouth n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n.  malicious gossip or criticism 流言蜚语，恶意攻击 ●v. tr. (bad-mouth)  criticize maliciously; abuse 恶意攻击，说坏话

bad news n. colloq.  an unpleasant or troublesome person or thing [口]讨厌的人(或事)，添麻烦的人(或事)

bad scran  see 见 SCRAN 

bad-tempered adj.  having a bad temper; irritable; easily annoyed 坏脾气的，易怒的，易生气的 □ bad-temperedly  adv.  

Baedeker /ˈbeidikə/ n.  any of various travel guidebooks published by the firm founded by the German Karl Baedeker (d. 1859) 贝德克尔旅游指南

baffle /ˈbæf(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  confuse or perplex (a person, one's faculties, etc.) 使(某人)困惑，难住(某人的才能等) 2  a  frustrate or hinder (plans etc.) (计划等)使受挫折，阻碍b  restrain or regulate the progress of (fluids, sounds, etc.) 控制；调节(液体、声音等的流动) ●n. (also 亦作 baffle plate)  a device used to restrain the flow of fluid, gas, etc., or to limit the emission of sound, light, etc. (控制液体、气体等流动的)折流板；(限制声音、光等发射的)缓冲板 □ bafflement  n.  □ baffling  adj.  □ bafflingly  adv.   [perhaps related to French bafouer ‘ridicule’, Old French beffer ‘mock, deceive’]

baffle board n.  a device to prevent sound from spreading in different directions, esp. round a loudspeaker cone (扬声器纸盆四周的)反射板

baffler /ˈbæflə/ n.  = BAFFLEn. 

BAFTA /ˈbæftə/ abbr.  British Academy of Film and Television Arts [缩略]英国电影与电视艺术学院

bag /bæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a receptacle of flexible material with an opening at the top 袋子 2  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of luggage 旅行袋  put the bags in the boot  把袋子放到汽车后部的行李箱里b  a woman's handbag (妇女的)手提包 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) esp. Brit. colloq.  a large amount; plenty [尤英口]大量，很多  bags of time  很多时间 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  trousers [英口]裤子 5 slang derog.  a woman, esp. regarded as unattractive or unpleasant [俚语] [贬]妇女(尤指丑妇) 6  an animal's sac containing poison, honey, etc. (动物含毒汁、蜜等的)囊 7  an amount of game shot by a hunter 猎获量 8 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  baggy folds of skin under the eyes 眼下的松皮 9 slang  a person's particular interest or preoccupation, esp. in a distinctive style or category of music [俚语] (尤指显著的音乐方面的)爱好，特长  his bag is Indian music  他的专长是印度音乐 ●v. (bagged, bagging)  1 tr.  put in a bag 把…装进袋 2 tr. colloq. [口]  a  secure; get hold of 获得，拿到手  bagged the best seat  得到最好的座位b colloq.  steal [口]偷c  shoot (game) 射杀(猎物)d (often in phr. 常用于短语 bags I) Brit. colloq.  claim on grounds of being the first to do so [英口]要求第一个做  bagged first go  要求先走 bags I go first  让我先走 3  a intr.  hang loosely; bulge; swell 松垂，肿胀；膨大b tr.  cause to do this 使鼓垂，使膨大 4 tr. Austral. slang  criticize, disparage [澳] [俚语]批评，轻视 □ bag and baggage   with all one's belongings 用某人全部财物；完全地□ bag of bones   an emaciated person or animal 瘦如皮包骨的人(或动物)□ bag of nerves   a very tense or timid person 很紧张的人，很胆小的人□ bag (or whole bag) of tricks  colloq.  everything; the whole lot [口]一切，所有东西□ in the bag  colloq.  achieved; as good as secured [口]已经到手的，十拿九稳的□ bagful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse baggi]

bagarre /bɑ:ˈɡɑ:, 法 baɡar/ n.  a scuffle or brawl 殴斗，争吵 [French]

bagasse /bəˈɡæs/ n.  the dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugar cane, usable as fuel or to make paper etc. (当作燃料或造纸用的)甘蔗渣 [French, from Spanish bagazo]

bagatelle /bæɡəˈtel/ n.  1  a game in which small balls are struck into numbered holes on a board, with pins as obstructions 巴格代拉桌球戏 2  a mere trifle; a negligible amount 琐事；微量 3 Mus.  a short piece of music, esp. for the piano 【音】(尤指钢琴弹奏的)轻快小曲 [French from Italian bagatella diminutive, perhaps from baga BAGGAGE or Latin baca ‘berry’]

bagel /ˈbeiɡ(ə)l/ n.  a hard bread roll in the shape of a ring 硬面包圈 [Yiddish beygel]

baggage /ˈbæɡidʒ/ n.  1  everyday belongings packed up in suitcases etc. for travelling; luggage (放在箱子等中的)行李 2  the portable equipment of an army 辎重(部队携带的装备) 3 joc. or derog.  a girl or woman [诙] [贬]姑娘，妇女 4  mental encumbrances 思想包袱 [Middle English, from Old French bagage from baguer ‘tie up’ or bagues ‘bundles’: perhaps related to BAG]

baggy /ˈbæɡi/ adj. (baggier, baggiest)  1  hanging in loose folds 松垂的 2  puffed out 鼓鼓囊囊的 □ baggily  adv.  □ bagginess  n.  

Baghdad /bægˈdæd/ n.  巴格达 [伊拉克首都]

bag lady n. esp. N. Amer.  a homeless woman who carries her possessions around in shopping bags [尤北美]无家可归的妇女，携带行李露宿街头的女人

bagman /ˈbæɡmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit. slang  a travelling salesman [英] [俚语]游动商人 2 Austral.  a tramp [澳]背着行李袋的流浪汉 3 Canad.  a political fund-raiser [加] (政治)资金筹集者，竞选中的财务主管 4 US & Austral. slang [美澳] [俚语]  an agent who collects or distributes the proceeds of illicit activities 收取贿金(或脏款)的人

bagnio /ˈbɑ:njəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a brothel 妓院 2  an oriental prison (东方的)监狱 [Italian bagno from Latin balneum ‘bath’]

bagpipe /ˈbæɡpaip/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a musical instrument consisting of a windbag squeezed by the player's arm to force air into reeded pipes, usu. including a chanter with finger-holes to play the melody and one or more drones 风笛(通常包括带指孔的指管，可奏出旋律，以及一个或多个低音) □ bagpiper  n.  

baguette /bæˈɡet/ n.  1  a long narrow French loaf 法国棍子面包 2  a gem cut in a long rectangular shape 狭长形宝石 3 Archit.  a small moulding, semicircular in section 【建】小圆凸体，半圆饰 [French from Italian bacchetto, diminutive of bacchio, from Latin baculum ‘staff’]

bagworm /ˈbæɡwɜ:m/ n. US  any of various destructive caterpillars which live in silk cases covered in plant debris [美]蓑蛾，袋蛾

bah /bɑ:/ int.  an expression of contempt or disbelief 呸！(表示轻蔑、不信) [probably French]

Baha'i /bɑ:ˈhɑ:i/ n. (pl. Baha'is)  an adherent of a monotheistic religion founded in 1863 as a branch of Babism (see BABI), emphasizing religious unity and world peace 巴哈派教徒 □ Baha'ism  n.   [Persian bahɑˊ ‘splendour’]

Bahamas   巴哈马

Bahamian /bəˈheimiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of the Bahamas in the W. Indies 巴哈马人；巴哈马国民 2  a person of Bahamian descent 巴哈马人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to the Bahamas 巴哈马的，与巴哈马有关的

Bahasa Indonesia /bəˌhɑ:sə ˌindəˈni:zjə/ n.  the official language of Indonesia 印度尼西亚语 [Indonesian bahasa ‘language’ from Sanskrit bhɑˉṣɑˉ ‘speech, language’]

Bahrain   巴林

Bahraini /bɑ:ˈreini/ adj. & n.  巴林的(人)

Bahrein /bɑ:ˈrein/ n.  巴林(岛) [亚洲国家]

Bahreini /bɑ:ˈreini/ adj. & n.  巴林的(人)

baht /bɑ:t/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the basic monetary unit of Thailand (泰国货币单位)铢 [Thai bɑˉt]

Bahutu pl.  of HUTU.  

bail1 /beil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  money etc. required as security against the temporary release of a prisoner pending trial 保释金(钱财等) 2  a person or persons giving such security 保释人 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  1  release or secure the release of (a prisoner) on payment of bail 保释(犯人) 2 (also 亦作 bale by association with bale out 1 与 bale out 1 连用 : see 见 BALE1)  release from a difficulty; come to the rescue of 从困境中解脱出来，帮助摆脱困境 □ forfeit (or colloq. [口] jump) bail   fail to appear for trial after being released on bail 保释后不如期去庭受审□ go (or stand) bail  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  act as surety (for an accused person) 做(被告的)保释人□ bailable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bail ‘custody’, bailler ‘take charge of’, from Latin bajulare ‘bear a burden’]

bail2 /beil/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Cricket  either of the two crosspieces bridging the stumps 【板球】三柱门上的横木 2  the bar on a typewriter holding the paper against the platen (打字机压纸卷筒上的)压纸杆 3  a bar separating horses in an open stable 隔离牲口的栏木 4 Austral. & NZ  a framework for securing the head of a cow during milking [澳新] (挤奶时扣住母牛头部的)闸架 ●v. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1 tr.  secure (a cow) during milking (挤奶时用闸架)扣住(奶牛)头部 2  a tr.  make (a person) hold up his or her arms to be robbed 强迫(某人)举起双手；拦路抢劫b intr.  surrender by throwing up one's arms 举手投降c tr.  buttonhole (a person) 强留(某人) [Middle English from Old French bail(e) ‘enclosure’, perhaps from Latin baculum ‘stick’]

bail3 /beil/ v. tr. (also Brit. [亦英] bale)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  scoop water out of (a boat etc.) (从船等里)把水舀出 2  scoop (water etc.) out 往外舀(水) □ bail out  var.  of bale out 1 (see 见 BALE1) bale out 1 的变体□ bailer  n.   [obsolete bail ‘bucket’ from French baille, ultimately from Latin bajulus ‘carrier’]

bail bandit n. colloq.  a person who commits a crime while on bail [口]交保后又犯罪的人

bailee /beiˈli:/ n. Law  a person or party to whom goods are committed for a purpose, e.g. custody or repair, without transfer of ownership 【法律】(如扣留或修理财物的)受托人 [BAIL1 + -EE]

bailey /ˈbeili/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  the outer wall of a castle (城堡的)郭 2  a court enclosed by it 堡场 [Middle English, variant of BAIL2]

Bailey bridge /ˈbeili/ n.  a temporary bridge of lattice steel designed for rapid assembly from prefabricated standard parts, used esp. in military operations (尤指在军事行动中使用的)贝利桥，活动便桥 [named after Sir D. Bailey (d. 1985), its designer]

bailie /ˈbeili/ n. esp. hist.  a municipal officer and magistrate in Scotland [尤史义] (苏格兰的)高级市政官 [Middle English, from Old French bailli(s) BAILIFF]

bailiff /ˈbeilif/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a sheriff's officer who executes writs and processes and carries out distraints and arrests [尤英]郡副司法长官(负责传唤、起诉、扣压、逮捕) 2 Brit.  the agent or steward of a landlord [英] (地主的)管家 3 N. Amer.  an official in a court of law who keeps order, looks after prisoners, etc. [北美]法警(维持秩序、看管犯人等) 4 Brit. (hist. except in formal titles)  the sovereign's representative in a district, esp. the chief officer of a hundred [英] ([史义]正式头衔除外)英王代表；(尤指百户邑)乡长 5  the first civil officer in the Channel Islands (英国海峡群岛的)首席文官 [Middle English from Old French baillif, ultimately from Latin bajulus ‘carrier, manager’]

bailiwick /ˈbeiliwik/ n.  1 joc.  a person's sphere of operations or particular area of interest [诙]活动(或兴趣)范围 2 Law  the district or jurisdiction of a bailie or bailiff 【法律】市政官(或郡副司法长官)的辖区(管辖范围) [BAILIE + WICK2]

bailment /ˈbeilm(ə)nt/ n.  the act of delivering goods etc. for a (usu. specified) purpose (通常指某一特定目的的)财产寄托

bailor /beiˈlɔ:/ n. Law  a person or party that entrusts goods to a bailee 【法律】财物(财产等)寄托人 [BAIL1 + -OR1]

bailout /ˈbeilaʊt/ n.  financial assistance given to a failing business, economy, etc., to save it from collapse (对破产的企业、经济等)财政援助

bailsman /ˈbeilzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who stands bail for another 保释人 [BAIL1 + MAN]

bain-marie /bænməˈri:/ n. (pl. bains-marie pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a cooking utensil consisting of a vessel of hot water in which a receptacle containing a sauce etc. can be slowly and gently heated; a double boiler (放入调味汁等的)隔水炖锅，双层蒸锅 [French, translation of medieval Latin balneum Mariae ‘bath of Maria’ (an alleged Jewish alchemist)]

Bairam /baiˈrɑ:m/ n.  either of two annual Muslim festivals, Greater and Lesser Bairam 穆斯林的拜兰节(大拜兰节和小拜兰节) [Turkish & Persian]

bairn /bɛən/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a child [苏格兰和英格兰北部]小孩 [Old English bearn]

bait /beit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  food used to entice a prey, esp. a fish or an animal (尤指诱捕鱼、兽的)饵 2  an allurement; something intended to tempt or entice 诱饵；诱惑(物) 3 archaic  a halt on a journey for refreshment or a rest [古义] (旅途中的)打尖，歇脚 4 var.  of BATE BATE 的变体 ●v.  1 tr.  a  harass or annoy (a person) 烦扰；打搅(某人)b  torment (a chained animal) 折磨(锁住的野兽) 2 tr.  put bait on (a hook, trap, etc.) to entice a prey 装饵于(钩、陷阱等) 3 archaic [古义]  a tr.  give food to (horses on a journey) 旅途中喂(马)b intr.  stop on a journey to take food or a rest 旅途中吃饭(或休息) [Middle English, from Old Norse beita ‘hunt or chase’]

baize /beiz/ n.  a coarse usu. green woollen material resembling felt used as a covering or lining, esp. on the tops of billiard tables and card tables (尤指蒙在台球桌、牌戏桌上，通常为绿色的)台面呢 [French baies (pl.) fem. of bai ‘chestnut-coloured’ (BAY4), treated as sing.]

bajra /ˈbɑ:dʒrɑ:/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent) pearl millet or similar grain 珍珠粟，御谷(生长在印度次大陆) [Hindi]

bake /beik/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  cook (food) by dry heat in an oven or on a hot surface, without direct exposure to a flame (食品)烘热，被焙烤，烤b intr.  undergo the process of being baked 焙 2 intr. colloq. [口]  a (usu. as 通常作 be baking) (of weather etc.) be very hot (天气等)炎热b (of a person) be hot (人)热 3  a tr.  harden (clay etc.) by heat 烧硬(泥土等)b intr. (of clay etc.) be hardened by heat (泥土等)被烧硬 4  a tr. (of the sun) affect by its heat, e.g. ripen (fruit) (太阳)晒熟(水果)b intr.  be affected by the sun's heat 被晒 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of baking 焙，烤 2  a batch of baking 一炉烘烤的东西 3 US  a social gathering at which baked food is eaten [美]烤餐会 □ bake blind   see 见 BLIND  [Old English bacan]

baked Alaska /əˈlæskə/ n.  sponge cake and ice cream in a meringue covering 烘烤冰淇淋(一种松软的糕点) [Alaska, name of a state of the US]

baked beans n. pl.  baked haricot beans, usu. Brit. tinned in tomato sauce or US cooked with salt pork 烘豆 ([通常英]罐装豆加番茄酱，[美]豆加咸肉)

bakehouse /ˈbeikhaʊs/ n.  = BAKERY 

Bakelite /ˈbeikəlait/ n. propr.  any of various thermosetting resins or plastics made from formaldehyde and phenol and used for cables, buttons, plates, etc. [商标]酚醛塑料(或电木、胶木) (用于电缆、按钮开关、电容器板等) [German Bakelit from L.H. Baekeland, its Belgian-born inventor d. 1944]

baker /ˈbeikə/ n.  a person who bakes and sells bread, cakes, etc., esp. professionally (尤指专业)面包师 [Old English bœcere]

Baker day /ˈbeikə dei/ n. colloq. (in England and Wales) a day set aside for the in-service training of teachers, now usu. called INSET day (see 见 INSET) [口] (英格兰、威尔士)教师进修日(通常称作 INSET day) [K. Baker, name of the Education Secretary (1986-89) who introduced the practice]

baker's dozen n.  thirteen (so called from the former bakers' custom of adding an extra loaf to a dozen sold; the exact reason for this is unclear) 十三，一打加一

bakery /ˈbeik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where bread and cakes are made or sold 面包(糕饼)店(或烘房)

Bakewell tart /ˈbeikwel/ n.  a baked open pie consisting of a pastry case lined with jam and filled with a rich almond paste 杏仁果酱馅饼 [Bakewell in Derbyshire]

baking powder n.  a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, cream of tartar, etc., used instead of yeast in baking 发酵粉(含小苏打、酒石等)

baking soda n.  sodium bicarbonate 小苏打

baklava /ˈbɑ:kləvə/ n. (also 亦作 baclava)  a rich dessert of flaky pastry, honey, and nuts 拔克拉弗饼，蜜糖果仁千层酥 [Turkish]

baksheesh /bækˈʃi:ʃ/ n. (also 亦作 backsheesh) (in some oriental countries) a small sum of money given as a gratuity or as alms (一些东方国家的)小费，施舍 [ultimately from Persian bakšīš from bakšīdan ‘give’]

Baku /bɑ:ˈku:/ n.  巴库 [阿塞拜疆首都]

balaclava /bæləˈklɑ:və/ n. (in full 全称 balaclava helmet)  a tight woollen garment covering the whole head and neck except for parts of the face, worn originally by soldiers on active service in the Crimean War 巴拉克拉瓦盔式帽 [Balaclava in the Crimea, the site of a battle in 1854]

balalaika /bæləˈlaikə/ n.  a guitar-like musical instrument having a triangular body and from two to four strings, popular in Russia and other Slavonic countries 巴拉莱卡琴 [Russian]

balance /ˈbæl(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an apparatus for weighing, esp. one with a central pivot, beam, and two scales 秤(尤指天平) 2  a  a counteracting weight or force 抵消，平衡力b (in full 全称 balance wheel)  the regulating device in a clock etc. (钟表等的)平衡轮，摆轮 3  a  an even distribution of weight or amount 平衡，均衡b  stability of body or mind 平衡体，镇静  regained his balance  恢复了镇静 4  a preponderating weight or amount 大部分  the balance of opinion  大多数人的意见 5  a  an agreement between or the difference between credits and debits in an account 结存，结欠b  the difference between an amount due and an amount paid 差额  will pay the balance next week  差数下周交齐c  an amount left over; the rest 余额，剩余部分 6  a Art  harmony of design and proportion 【艺术】布局(和比例)的协调b Mus.  the relative volume of various sources of sound 【音】各种声源量的调整  bad balance between violins and trumpets  小提琴和小号不谐调 7 (作 the Balance)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Libra 天秤宫，天秤星座 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with, against)  offset or compare (one thing) with another 权衡；比较(某事)  must balance the advantages with the disadvantages  必须权衡利弊 2 tr.  counteract, equal, or neutralize the weight or importance of 抵消，使相等，平衡 3  a tr.  bring into or keep in equilibrium 使平衡  balanced a book on her head  使她头上的书保持平衡b intr.  be in equilibrium 处于平衡  balanced on one leg  一条腿站着保持平衡 4 tr. (usu. as 通常作 balanced adj.)  establish equal or appropriate proportions of elements in 均衡的，各种因素谐调的  a balanced diet  均衡饮食 balanced opinion  不偏不倚的看法 5 tr.  weigh (arguments etc.) against each other (论点等)权衡，斟酌 6  a tr.  compare and esp. equalize debits and credits of (an account) 比较，使(账户)借方贷方平衡b intr. (of an account) have credits and debits equal (账户)收支平衡 □ in the balance   uncertain; at a critical stage 未确定；处于危险阶段□ on balance   all things considered 总的说来□ strike a balance   choose a moderate course or compromise 选择温和的路线，妥协□ balancer  n.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Late Latin (libra) bilanx bilancis ‘(balance) having two scale-pans’]

balance of payments n.  the difference in value between payments into and out of a country 国际收支

balance of power n.  1  a situation in which states of the world have roughly equal power 国际间的均势 2  the power held by a small group when larger groups are of equal strength 小团体所处的举足轻重的地位

balance of trade n.  the difference in value between imports and exports 进出口差额，贸易差额

balance sheet n.  a written statement of the balance of assets and liabilities of an organization at a particular point in time 资产负债表

balance wheel  see 见 BALANCE n. 2b 

balancing act n.  an action or activity that requires achieving a delicate balance between different situations or requirements 需谨慎平衡各方力量的举措(或活动)

balata /ˈbælətə, bəˈlɑ:tə/ n.  1  any of several latex-yielding trees of Central America, esp. Manilkara bidentata 巴拉塔树(尤指中美洲二齿铁线子树) 2  the dried sap of this used as a substitute for gutta-percha 巴拉塔树胶 [ultimately from Carib]

Balbriggan /bælˈbriɡ(ə)n/ n.  a knitted cotton fabric used for underwear etc. (作内衣等用的)针织品 [Balbriggan in Ireland, where it was originally made]

balcony /ˈbælkəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a usu. balustraded platform on the outside of a building, with access from an upper-floor window or door (通常有栏杆的)阳台 2  a  the tier of seats in a theatre above the dress circle (剧院的)楼座b  the upstairs seats in a cinema etc. (电影院等的)楼座c N. Amer.  the dress circle in a theatre [北美] (戏院中的)第一层楼厅的前排座位 □ balconied  adj.   [Italian balcone]

bald /bɔ:ld/ adj.  1 (of a person) with the scalp wholly or partly lacking hair (人)秃头的 2 (of an animal, plant, etc.) not covered by the usual hair, feathers, leaves, etc. (动、植物等)无毛的；无羽的；无叶的 3 colloq.  with the surface worn away [口]表面磨光的  a bald tyre  磨光的轮胎 4  a  blunt, unelaborated 直爽的，未经推敲的  a bald statement  不加虚饰的陈述b  undisguised 不加掩饰的，未装饰的  the bald effrontery  毫不掩饰的厚脸皮 5  meagre or dull 单调的，枯燥的  a bald style  单调的文体 6  marked with white, esp. on the face (尤指脸上)有白斑的  a bald horse  脸上有白斑的马 □ balding  adj. (in senses 1 － 3 用于释义 1 至 3)  □ baldish  adj.  □ baldly  adv. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ baldness  n.   [Middle English ballede, originally ‘having a white blaze’, probably from an Old English root ball- ‘white patch’]

baldachin /ˈbældəkin, ˈbɔ:ld-/ n. (also 亦作 baldaquin)  1  a ceremonial canopy over an altar, throne, etc. (祭坛或宝座等上的)华盖；祭坛华盖；墓碑华盖 2  a rich brocade 鲜艳的锦缎，宝大锦 [Italian baldacchino from Baldacco ‘Baghdad’, the brocade's place of origin]

bald eagle n.  a white-headed eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, used as the emblem of the United States 白头鹫

balderdash /ˈbɔ:ldədæʃ/ n.  senseless talk or writing; nonsense 没意义的话语(或文章)；胡说八道 [17th c. in the sense ‘a mixture of drinks’, then ‘a senseless jumble of words’: origin unknown]

baldhead /ˈbɔ:ldhed/ n.  a person with a bald head 秃子，秃头人

baldmoney /ˈbɔ:ldmʌni/ n. (pl. -eys)  = SPIGNEL  [Middle English in the sense ‘gentian’: origin unknown]

baldric /ˈbɔ:ldrik/ n. hist.  a belt for a sword, bugle, etc., hung from the shoulder across the body to the opposite hip [史义] (挂刀剑、号角等的)装饰性斜挂肩带 [Middle English baudry from Old French baudrei, of unknown origin]

baldy /ˈbɔ:ldi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 baldie) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a bald person 秃子，秃头人 ●adj.  bald 秃头的

bale1 /beil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bundle of merchandise or hay etc. tightly wrapped and bound with cords or hoops 一大捆，一大包(货物或干草等) 2  the quantity in a bale as a measure, esp. US 500 lb of cotton 一大捆的量 ([尤美]一包棉花为 500 磅) ●v. tr.  make up into bales 把…打成捆(或包) □ bale (or bail) out   1 (of a pilot etc.) make an emergency parachute descent from an aircraft (cf. 参见 BAIL3) (飞行员等)跳伞 2  = BAIL1v. 2  [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, ultimately identical with BALL1]

bale2 /beil/ n. archaic or poet.  evil, destruction, woe, pain, misery [古义] [诗]邪恶；毁灭；灾难；苦难；悲愁 [Old English b(e)alu]

bale3 Brit. var.  of BAIL3 [英] BAIL3 的变体

baleen /bəˈli:n/ n.  whalebone 鲸须 [Middle English via Old French baleine from Latin balaena ‘whale’]

baleen whale n.  any of various whales of the suborder Mysticeti, having plates of whalebone in the mouth for straining plankton from the water (须鲸亚目的) (长)须鲸

baleful /ˈbeilfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. of a manner, look, etc.) gloomy, menacing (尤指态度、脸色等)忧郁的；威胁性的 2  harmful, malignant, destructive 有害的；恶毒的；破坏的 □ balefully  adv.  □ balefulness  n.   [BALE2 + -FUL]

baler /ˈbeilə/ n.  a machine for making bales of hay, straw, metal, etc. (干草、稻草、金属等的)打包机；压捆机

Balinese /bɑ:liˈni:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of Bali, an island in Indonesia 巴厘人 2  the language of Bali 巴厘语 ●adj.  of or relating to Bali or its people or language (有关)巴厘岛的；(有关)巴厘人的；(有关)巴厘语的

balk var.  of BAULK  BAULK 的变体

Balkan /ˈbɒlkən, ˈbɔ:l-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the region of SE Europe bounded by the Adriatic, the Aegean, and the Black Sea 巴尔干半岛的，与巴尔干半岛有关的 2  of or relating to its peoples or countries (有关)巴尔干民族的，(有关)巴尔干各国的 ●n. (作 the Balkans)  the Balkan countries 巴尔干半岛各国 [Turkish]

Balkanize /ˈbɒlkənaiz, ˈbɔ:l-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  divide (an area) into smaller mutually hostile states 使(某地区)分成若干敌对的小国，使巴尔干化 □ Balkanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

balky var.  of BAULKY  BAULKY 的变体

ball1 /bɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid or hollow sphere, esp. for use in a game 实心(或空心)球(尤用于游戏) 2  a  a ball-shaped object; material forming the shape of a ball 球状物；球形物体  ball of snow  雪球 ball of wool  毛线团 rolled himself into a ball  他滚成一团b  a rounded part of the body 人体球状部位  ball of the foot  拇趾底部的肉球 3  a solid non-explosive missile for a cannon etc. (炮等的)弹丸 4  a single delivery of a ball in cricket, baseball, etc., or passing of a ball in football (板球、篮球等的)发球；投球，传球 5 (in pl. 用复数) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  the testicles 睪丸b Brit. (usu. as an exclamation of contempt) nonsense, rubbish [英]胡说八道(通常作轻蔑感叹)c Brit.  = BALLS-UP d  courage, ‘guts’ 勇气，胆量 ●v.  1 tr.  squeeze or wind into a ball 把…挤压成球，绕成团 2 intr.  form or gather into a ball or balls 呈球状；成团块 □ the ball is in your etc. court   you etc. must be next to act 轮到你(等)作出反应□ balls (or Brit. [英] ball) up  coarse slang  bungle; make a mess of [粗俗俚语]笨手笨脚地做；把…弄得一团糟□ have the ball at one's feet   have one's best opportunity 有最好的机会□ keep the ball rolling   maintain the momentum of an activity 使活动不中断□ on the ball  colloq.  alert [口]机警的□ play ball  colloq.  cooperate [口]合作□ start etc. the ball rolling   set an activity in motion; make a start 开始某种活动 [Middle English from Old Norse böllr, from Germanic]

ball2 /bɔ:l/ n.  1  a formal social gathering for dancing 正式的社交舞会 2 slang  an enjoyable time (esp. 尤指 have a ball 度过了一段愉快的时间) [俚语]一段愉快的时间 [French bal from Late Latin ballare ‘to dance’]

ballad /ˈbæləd/ n.  1  a poem or song narrating a popular story 叙述民间故事的诗歌，民谣 2  a slow sentimental or romantic song (节奏缓慢的)抒情歌曲，情歌 [Middle English via Old French balade from Provençal balada ‘dancing-song’, from balar ‘to dance’]

ballade /bæˈlɑ:d/ n.  1  a poem of one or more triplets of stanzas with a repeated refrain and an envoi 三节联韵诗 2 Mus.  a short lyrical piece, esp. for piano 【音】(尤指为钢琴编写的)叙事曲 [earlier spelling and pronunciation of BALLAD]

balladeer /bæləˈdiə/ n.  a singer or composer of ballads 叙事诗歌(或民谣)的编者(或演唱者)

ballad metre n.  = COMMON METRE 

balladry /ˈbælədri/ n.  ballad poetry 叙事诗歌，民谣

ball-and-socket joint n.  a natural or man-made joint in which a rounded end lies in a concave cup or socket, allowing freedom of movement (天然的或人工的)球窝关节；球窝连接，球窝接头

ballast /ˈbæləst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any heavy material placed in a ship or the car of a hot-air balloon etc. to secure stability (船只、热气球车等上的)压载物，压舱物 2  coarse stone etc. used to form the bed of a railway track or road 道砟(碎石等) 3  a mixture of coarse and fine aggregate for making concrete 石砟 4 Electr.  any device used to stabilize the current in a circuit 【电】镇流器 5  anything that affords stability or permanence 稳定力量，稳定因素 ●v. tr.  1  provide with ballast 装压舱物于 2  afford stability or weight to 使稳定 [16th c.: from Low German or Scandinavian, of uncertain origin]

ball-bearing n.  1  a bearing in which the two halves are separated by a ring of small metal balls which reduce friction 滚珠轴承 2  one of these balls 滚珠；钢球

ballboy /ˈbɔ:lbɔi/ n. (fem. ballgirl /-ɡɜ:l/)  a boy or girl who retrieves balls that go out of play during a game of tennis etc. (给打网球者拾球的)球童

ballcock /ˈbɔ:lkɒk/ n.  a floating ball on a hinged arm, whose movement up and down controls the water level in a cistern etc. (水箱等中的)浮球旋塞，浮球阀

ballerina /bæləˈri:nə/ n.  a female ballet dancer 芭蕾舞女演员 [Italian, fem. of ballerino ‘dancing master’ from ballare ‘to dance’ from Late Latin]

ballet /ˈbælei, -li/ n.  1  a  a dramatic or representational style of dancing and mime, using set steps and techniques and usu. (esp. in classical ballet) accompanied by music (通常尤指古典)芭蕾(舞)b  a particular piece or performance of ballet 芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演c  the music for this 芭蕾舞曲 2  a company performing ballet 芭蕾舞团 □ balletic  /bəˈletik/ adj.   [French from Italian balletto, diminutive of ballo BALL2]

ballet dancer n.  a dancer who specializes in ballet 芭蕾舞演员

balletomane /ˈbælitəʊmein/ n.  a devotee of ballet 芭蕾舞迷 □ balletomania  /-ˈmeiniə/ n.  

ball game n.  1  a  any game played with a ball 球类运动b N. Amer.  a game of baseball [北美]棒球运动 2 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a particular affair or concern [尤北美口]情况，局面  a whole new ball game  一个全新的局面

ballgirl  see 见 BALLBOY 

ballista /bəˈlistə/ n. (pl. ballistae /-sti:/)  a catapult used in ancient warfare for hurling large stones etc. (古代用以发射石弹等的)抛石机，投石器 [Latin from Greek ballō ‘throw’]

ballistic /bəˈlistik/ adj.  1  of or relating to projectiles 射弹的，与射弹有关的 2  moving under the force of gravity only 弹道的 □ go ballistic  esp. N. Amer. slang  become furious [尤北美] [俚语]暴怒的□ ballistically  adv.   [BALLISTA + -IC]

ballistic missile n.  a missile which is initially powered and guided but falls under gravity on its target 弹道导弹

ballistics /bəˈlistiks/ n.  the science of projectiles and firearms 弹道学，发射学

ball lightning n.  a rare globular form of lightning 球状闪电

ballocks var.  of BOLLOCKS  BOLLOCKS 的变体

ballon d'essai /bæˌlɒ˜ deˈsei, 法 balɔ˜ desɛ/ n. (pl. ballons d'essai pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = TRIAL BALLOON  [French, = trial balloon]

balloon /bəˈlu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small inflatable rubber pouch with a neck, used as a child's toy or as decoration 玩具气球；装饰气球 2  a large usu. round bag inflatable with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, often carrying a basket for passengers (通常圆形的热)气球 3 colloq.  a balloon shape enclosing the words or thoughts of characters in a comic strip or cartoon [口]气球形圆圈 4  a large globular drinking glass, usu. for brandy (通常喝白兰地酒的)球形大酒杯 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  swell out or cause to swell out like a balloon (使)像气球般鼓起 2 intr.  travel by balloon 乘气球旅行 3 tr. Brit.  hit or kick (a ball etc.) high in the air [英]把(球等)击(或踢)到高空 □ when the balloon goes up  colloq.  when the action or trouble starts [口]开始行动时；出乱子时□ balloonist  n.   [French ballon or Italian ballone ‘large ball’]

ballot /ˈbælət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a process of voting, in writing and usu. secret (尤指无记名)投票选举 2  the total of votes recorded in a ballot 投票总数 3  the drawing of lots 抽签 4  a paper or ticket etc. used in voting 投票用纸(用票等) ●v. (balloted, balloting)  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a  hold a ballot; give a vote 投票选举；投票b  draw lots for precedence etc. (按先后次序等)抽签决定 2 tr.  take a ballot of 提交表决  the union balloted its members  工会提交会员表决 [Italian ballotta, diminutive of balla BALL1 (from the practice of registering votes by placing coloured balls in a container)]

ballot box n.  a sealed box into which voters put completed ballot papers 投票箱

ballot paper n. Brit.  a slip of paper used to register a vote [英]投票用纸

ballpark /ˈbɔ:lpɑ:k/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a baseball ground 棒球场 2 (作 attrib.) colloq.  approximate, rough [口]大致的，粗略估计的  a ballpark figure  近似数 □ in the right ballpark  colloq.  close to one's objective; approximately correct [口]接近目标；基本正确

ballpoint /ˈbɔ:lpɔint/ n. (in full 全称 ballpoint pen)  a pen with a tiny ball as its writing point 圆珠笔

ball-race n.  1  a ring-shaped groove in which the balls of a ball-bearing move 座圈，滚道 2  a ball-bearing 滚珠轴承

ballroom /ˈbɔ:lru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a large room or hall for dancing 舞厅

ballroom dancing n.  formal social dancing as a recreation or performed competitively 交谊舞，正式的交际舞

balls-up n. Brit. coarse slang  a mess; a confused or bungled situation [英] [粗俗俚语]混乱，一团糟

ballsy /ˈbɔ:lzi/ adj. slang [俚语]  1  manly, powerful 有男子气度的；(慓悍)有力的 2  courageous 有胆量的 [BALL1 n. 5 d]

ball valve n.  a valve opened or closed by a ball which fits into a cup-shaped opening 球阀，弹子阀

bally /ˈbæli/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  a mild form of bloody (see 见 BLOODY adj. 3) [英] [俚语] bloody 的委婉说法  took the bally lot  全部拿走 [alteration of BLOODY]

ballyhoo /bæliˈhu:/ n.  1  a loud noise or fuss; a confused state or commotion 喧闹，乱糟糟的一片 2  extravagant or sensational publicity 大吹大擂(地宣扬) [19th c., originally US: origin unknown]

ballyrag /ˈbæliræɡ/ v. tr. (also 亦作 bullyrag /ˈbʊl-/) (-ragged, -ragging) slang  play tricks on; scold, harass [俚语]开玩笑，辱骂，烦扰 [18th c.: origin unknown]

balm /bɑ:m/ n.  1  an aromatic ointment for anointing, soothing, or healing 香膏，镇痛软膏 2  a fragrant and medicinal exudation from certain trees and plants 香树脂 3  a healing or soothing influence or consolation 安慰(物)，慰藉(物) 4  a tree that yields balm, esp. an Asian and N. African tree of the genus Commiphora 香树(尤指亚洲和北非的没药属植物)没药属乔木 5  any aromatic herb, esp. one of the genus Melissa 香脂草(尤指蜜蜂花属草) 6  a pleasant perfume or fragrance 芳香，香味 [Middle English via Old French ba(s)me from Latin balsamum BALSAM]

balm of Gilead /ˈɡiliæd/ n. (cf. Jer. 参见《耶利米书》 8:22)  1  a  a fragrant resin formerly much used as an unguent 麦加没药树脂b  a tree of the genus Commiphora yielding such resin 麦加没药树 2  the balsam fir or poplar 胶枞，胶杨

balmoral /bælˈmɒr(ə)l/ n.  1  a type of brimless boat-shaped cocked hat with a cockade or ribbons attached, usu. worn by certain Scottish regiments (通常某些苏格兰军团士兵戴的)无边船形帽 2  a heavy leather walking boot with laces up the front 结带皮靴 [Balmoral Castle in Scotland]

balmy /ˈbɑ:mi/ adj. (balmier, balmiest)  1  mild and fragrant; soothing 温和的，有香味的，有镇痛作用的 2  yielding balm 产香脂的 3 esp. Brit. slang [尤英] [俚语]  = BARMY  □ balmily  adv.  □ balminess  n.  

balneology /bælniˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of bathing and medicinal springs 浴疗学 □ balneological  /-niəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ balneologist  n.   [Latin balneum ‘bath’ + -LOGY]

baloney /bəˈləʊni/ n. (also 亦作 boloney) (pl. -eys) slang [俚语]  1  humbug, nonsense 欺诈，胡扯 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = BOLOGNA SAUSAGE  [20th c.: alteration of Bologna (see BOLOGNA SAUSAGE)]

BALPA /ˈbælpə/ abbr.  British Air Line Pilots Association [缩略]英国民航驾驶员协会

balsa /ˈbɒlsə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 balsa wood)  a type of tough lightweight wood used for making models, rafts, etc. (制造模型、木筏等的)西印度轻木木料 2  the tropical American tree, Ochroma lagopus, from which it comes 轻木树 [Spanish, = raft]

balsam /ˈbɔ:lsəm, ˈbɒl-/ n.  1  an aromatic resinous exudation, such as balm, obtained from various trees and shrubs and used as a base for certain fragrances and medical preparations 香脂 2  an ointment, esp. one composed of a substance dissolved in oil or turpentine (尤指溶于油或松节油的)油膏 3  any of various trees or shrubs which yield balsam 产香脂的树(或灌木) 4  any of several flowering plants of the genus Impatiens 凤仙花属植物 5  a healing or soothing agency (治疗或镇痛用的)香膏 □ balsamic  /-ˈsæmik/ adj.   [Old English, from Latin balsamum]

balsam fir n.  a N. American tree, Abies balsamea, which yields balsam 胶枞，胶冷杉

balsamic vinegar n.  a dark, sweet, Italian vinegar, matured in wooden barrels 意大利香醋

balsam poplar n.  any of various N. American poplars, esp. Populus balsamifera, yielding balsam 胶杨

balsa wood  see 见 BALSA 1 

Balti /ˈbɔ:lti, ˈbælti/ n.  a type of Pakistani curry, usu. cooked and served in a dish like a shallow wok 巴基斯坦咖喱(通常烹调用) [20th c.: origin uncertain; perhaps from Balti ‘native or inhabitant of Baltistan’]

Baltic /ˈbɔ:ltik, ˈbɒlt-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (作 the Baltic)  a  an almost landlocked sea of northern Europe 波罗的海b  the states bordering this sea 波罗的海各国 2  an Indo-European branch of languages including Old Prussian, Lithuanian, Latvian, and Lettish 波罗的语族(印欧语系，包括古普鲁士语、立陶宛语、拉脱维亚语和列托语) ●adj.  of or relating to the Baltic or the branch of languages called Baltic (有关)波罗的语的，(有关)波罗的人的；(有关)波罗的语族的 [medieval Latin Balticus from Late Latin Balthae ‘dwellers near the Baltic Sea’]

Baltic Sea /ˈbɔ:ltik/ n.  波罗的海 [欧洲北部]

Baltimore /ˈbɔ:ltimɔ:/ n.  巴尔的摩 [美国城市]

baluster /ˈbæləstə/ n.  each of a series of usu. ornamental short posts or pillars supporting a rail or coping etc. (通常有装饰的)栏杆柱(支撑扶手、顶盖等) [French balustre via Italian and Latin from Greek balaustion ‘wild-pomegranate flower’, which the baluster resembles in shape]■Usage 用法说明 Baluster is sometimes confused with banister because their meanings overlap. A baluster is usually a curved ornamental post forming part of a balustrade which is mainly found around a gallery, bridge, or terrace, as in Expert craftsmen have restored stone balusters taken from the bridge and fitted plinths to the top to form bird tables. baluster 有时与 banister 相混，因为两者的意义有重叠部分。 baluster 通常是装饰性的曲线柱，主要是走廊、桥梁、阳台上扶手的栏杆柱，如 Expert craftsmen have restored stone balusters taken from the bridge and fitted plinths to the top to form bird tables (工艺专家已经修复了从桥上拆下的石头栏柱，并在顶端安装了可放鸟食的平台)。 A banister is a post supporting the handrail of a staircase, e.g. He shook the stair banisters and rail and found they were loose. It can also mean the posts together with the rail, as in He looked over the banister(s). In this case it is often used in the plural. banister 是楼梯扶手的栏柱。如 He shook the stair banisters and rail and found they were loose (他摇了摇楼梯上的栏柱和扶手，发现都松了)。 banister 还可以指栏柱和扶手，如 He looked over the banister(s) (他从扶栏上边望去)。在这种情况下它总是用作复数。 Occasionally, a large staircase in a grand house may have ornamental carved banisters, in which case they may be called balusters. 有时豪宅里的大楼梯上可能会有雕刻的装饰性栏柱，此时这种栏柱可称作 balusters 。 

balustrade /bæləˈstreid/ n.  a railing supported by balusters, esp. forming an ornamental parapet to a balcony, bridge, or terrace (尤指构成阳台、桥梁、平台的装饰性低矮挡墙的)栏杆，扶手 □ balustraded  adj.   [French (as BALUSTER)]

Bamako /ˌbæməˈkəu/ n.  巴马科 [马里首都]

bambino /bæmˈbi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. bambini /-ni/) colloq.  a young (esp. Italian) child [口] (尤指意大利)小小孩，婴孩 [Italian, diminutive of bambo ‘silly’]

bamboo /bæmˈbu:/ n.  1  a giant woody grass of the mainly tropical subfamily Bambusidae (竹亚科)竹子 2  its hollow jointed stem, used as a stick or to make furniture etc. 竹竿(可用作棍棒、可制家具等) [Dutch bamboes via Portuguese mambu from Malay]

bamboo shoot n.  a young shoot of bamboo, eaten as a vegetable 竹笋

bamboozle /bæmˈbu:z(ə)l/ v. tr. colloq.  cheat, hoax, mystify [口]欺骗，哄骗，蒙蔽 □ bamboozler  n.   [c. 1700: of unknown origin]

ban /bæn/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (banned, banning)  forbid, prohibit, esp. formally (尤指正式)阻止，禁止 ●n.  1  a formal or authoritative prohibition 禁止令  a ban on smoking  禁烟令 2  a tacit prohibition by public opinion 无形的禁忌，谴责 3 hist.  a sentence of outlawry [史义]剥夺公民权的判决 4 archaic  a curse or execration [古义]诅咒，咒骂 [originally = public proclamation or summons, from Old English bannan ‘summon’, from Germanic]

banal /bəˈnɑ:l, -ˈnæl/ adj.  trite, feeble, commonplace 陈腐的；虚弱的；普通的 □ banality  /-ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ banally  adv.   [originally in sense ‘compulsory’, hence ‘common to all’: French from ban (as BAN)]

banana /bəˈnɑ:nə/ n.  1  a long curved fruit with soft pulpy flesh and yellow skin when ripe, growing in clusters 香蕉 2 (in full 全称 banana tree)  the tropical and subtropical treelike plant, Musa sapientum, bearing this 香蕉树 □ go bananas  slang  become crazy or angry [俚语]发怒，发狂 [Portuguese or Spanish, from a name in Guinea]

banana republic n. derog.  a small state, esp. in Central America, economically dependent on usu. one trade such as banana-growing and therefore dependent on foreign capital [贬] (尤指中非的)香蕉共和国(通常只种植香蕉，依赖外资)

banana skin n.  1  the skin of a banana 香蕉皮 2  a cause of upset or humiliation; a blunder 烦恼(或丢脸)的原因；愚蠢的错误

banana split n.  a sweet dish made with split bananas, ice cream, sauce, etc. 香蕉圣代(一种有香蕉、冰淇淋、调汁等的甜点)

banausic /bəˈnɔ:sik/ adj. derog. [贬]  1  a  uncultivated 未开化的，没有教养的b  materialistic 功利的 2  suitable only for artisans 只适于工匠的 [Greek banausikos ‘for artisans’]

Banbury cake /ˈbænb(ə)ri/ n. Brit.  a flat pastry with a spicy currant filling [英]葡萄干夹心饼 [Banbury in S. England, where it was originally made]

banc /bæŋk/ n.   □ in banc  Law  sitting as a full court 【法律】在全体法官出席的情况下 [Anglo-French (= bench) from medieval Latin (as BANK2)]

band1 /bænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat, thin strip or loop of material (e.g. paper, metal, or cloth) put round something esp. to hold it together or decorate it (纸质、金属、布质)带，箍(尤指把某物拢住或起装饰作用)  headband  头箍，头带 2  a  a strip of material forming part of a garment (衣服上的)饰带  hatband  帽带 waistband  裤带b  a stripe of a different colour or material on an object (不同颜色或质地的)条纹c  a portion of a substance or of an area in the form of a long flat strip 条(块)状  a band of cloud  一块云 3  a range or category within which items fall 段，级；范围  tax band  税收范围 top band of the fifth form  第 5 类的最高级 4  a  a range of frequencies or wavelengths in a spectrum (esp. of radio frequencies) 频带，波段(尤指无线电波段)b  a range of values within a series 价值范围 5  a plain gold ring, esp. a gold wedding ring 金戒指(尤指结婚戒指) 6 Mech.  a belt connecting wheels or pulleys 【机】传动带，传送带 7 (in pl. 用复数)  a collar having two hanging strips, worn by some lawyers, ministers, and academics in formal dress 带有两条饰带的领圈 8 archaic  a thing that restrains, binds, connects, or unites; a bond [古义]束缚；约束；接合；联接；带子 ●v. tr.  1  put a band on 用带子扎，在…上箍 2  a  mark with stripes 作条状记号b (as 作 banded adj.) Bot. & Zool.  marked with coloured bands or stripes 【植】【动】作彩色条状记号的 3  a  divide into, or arrange in, bands or ranges with a view to treating the bands differently 分类b  group (pupils) on the basis of ability 把(学生)按能力分班 [Middle English, from Old French bande, bende (sense 6 from Old Norse band), from Germanic]

band2 /bænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a group of musicians who play together (usu. popular rather than classical music) (通常为流行音乐而非古典音乐)乐队  jazz band  爵士乐队 brass band  铜管乐队 rock band  摇滚乐队b colloq.  an orchestra [口]管弦乐队 2  an organized group of people having a common object, esp. of a criminal nature (尤指具有犯罪性质的)群，伙，帮  band of cut-throats  一帮杀人凶手 3 N. Amer.  a herd or flock [北美]牧群 ●v. tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together)  form into a group for a purpose (使)聚集成群；(把)联合起来  band together for mutual protection  联合起来互相保护 [Middle English from Old French bande (n.), bander (v.), medieval Latin banda, probably of Germanic origin]

bandage /ˈbændidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strip of material for binding up a wound etc. (伤口等用)绷带 2  a piece of material used as a blindfold 蒙眼用布带 ●v. tr.  bind (a wound etc.) with a bandage 用绷带包扎(伤口等) [French from bande (as BAND1)]

Band-Aid n. (also 亦作 band-aid)  1 propr. [商标]  a  a type of sticking plaster with a gauze pad “邦迪”创可贴b  a piece of this 一块“邦迪”创可贴 2  a makeshift or temporary solution 权宜之计，暂时的解决办法

bandanna /bænˈdænə/ n.  a large coloured handkerchief or neckerchief, usu. of silk or cotton, and often having white spots (通常丝、棉质地，上带白点的)印花大手巾，印花头巾 [probably Portuguese from Hindi]

Bandar Seri Begawan /ˌbʌndəˌseribəˈgɑ:wən/ n.  斯里巴加湾市 [文莱首都]

bandbox /ˈbæn(d)bɒks/ n.  a usu. circular cardboard box for carrying hats, used originally for neckbands (盛帽子的)圆筒形纸板盒 □ out of a bandbox   extremely neat 特别整洁的 [BAND1 + BOX1]

bandeau /ˈbændəʊ/ n. (pl. bandeaux /-dəʊz/)  a narrow band worn round the head 束发带 [French]

banderilla /bændəˈriljə/ n.  a decorated dart thrust into a bull's neck or shoulders during a bullfight 装饰标枪(斗牛时用) [Spanish, diminutive of bandera ‘banner’]

banderole /ˈbændərəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 banderol)  1  a  a long narrow flag with a cleft end, flown at a masthead (桅顶挂的)末端叉开的狭长旗帜，燕尾旗b  an ornamental streamer on a knight's lance (骑士枪矛上的)饰带，枪旗 2  a  a ribbon-like scroll 旒旗b  a stone band resembling a banderole, bearing an inscription 扁带状石刻装饰 [French banderole from Italian banderuola, diminutive of bandiera ‘banner’]

bandicoot /ˈbændiku:t/ n.  1  any mainly insect-eating marsupial of the family Peramelidae, of Australia and New Guinea (澳大利亚、新几内亚袋狸科)袋狸 2 (in full 全称 bandicoot rat)  a destructive Asian rat of the genus Bandicota, esp. the large B. indica (尤指袋狸鼠)害鼠 [Telugu pandikokku literally ‘pig-rat’]

banding /ˈbændiŋ/ n.  1  the presence or formation of visible bands or stripes 出现(或形成)的条带 2  division into a series of categories e.g. by ability, value, tax liability, etc. (如按能力、价值、交税等)分类 3 Biochem. 【生化】  a  the pattern of regions on a chromosome made visible by staining 染色体带b  the separation of molecules into bands of concentration in a gel etc. (凝胶剂等上的)分子聚集显带 4  the labelling of individual birds or animals with bands 环志(鸟或牲畜上作的标记)

bandit /ˈbændit/ n. (pl. bandits or banditti /-ˈditi/)  1  a robber or murderer, esp. a member of a gang; a gangster (尤指一帮)土匪，强盗 2  an outlaw 犯法的人 □ banditry  n.   [Italian bandito (pl. -iti), past part. of bandire ‘ban’, = medieval Latin bannire ‘proclaim’: related to BAN, BANISH]

bandleader /ˈbændli:də/ n.  the leader of a musical band 乐队的领队

bandmaster /ˈbæn(d)mɑ:stə/ n.  the conductor of a (esp. military or brass) band 乐队指挥(尤指军乐队或铜管乐队) [BAND2 + MASTER]

Band of Hope n. (in the UK) an association promoting total abstinence from alcohol (英国)青年终身戒酒团

bandog /ˈbændɒɡ/ n.  a fighting dog bred for its strength and ferocity by crossing aggressive breeds 猛犬，警犬，猎狗 [originally = a dog kept on a chain, from BAND1 ‘fastening’ + DOG]

bandolier /bændəˈliə/ n. (also 亦作 bandoleer)  a shoulder-belt with loops or pockets for cartridges 子弹带；弹囊 [Dutch bandelier or French bandoulière, probably formed as BANDEROLE]

bandpass /ˈbæn(d)pɑ:s/ n.  the range of frequencies (of sound, electrical signals, etc.) which are transmitted through a filter (通过滤波器能够转换声音、电子信号等的)带通

bandsaw /ˈbæn(d)sɔ:/ n.  an endless saw, consisting of a steel belt with a serrated edge running over wheels 带锯，电动带锯

bandsman /ˈbæn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a player in a (esp. military or brass) band 乐队成员(尤指军乐队或铜管乐队)

bandstand /ˈbæn(d)stænd/ n.  a covered outdoor platform for a band to play on, usu. in a park 室外音乐台(通常在公园)

bandwagon /ˈbændwæɡən/ n. orig. US  a wagon used for carrying a band in a parade etc. [源于美] (游行等中的)乐队彩车，宣传车 □ climb (or jump) on the bandwagon   join a party, cause, or group that seems likely to succeed 加入即将胜利的一方

bandwidth /ˈbændwitθ, -widθ/ n.  the range of frequencies within a given band (see 见 BAND1 n. 4a) 带宽

bandy1 /ˈbændi/ adj. (bandier, bandiest)  1 (of the legs) curved so as to be wide apart at the knees (腿)膝向外屈的；罗圈的 2 (also 亦作 bandy-legged) (of a person) having bandy legs (人)有罗圈腿的 [perhaps from obsolete bandy ‘curved stick’]

bandy2 /ˈbændi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  pass (a story, rumour, etc.) to and fro 散布(流言蜚语等)b  throw or pass (a ball etc.) to and fro 来回投掷(传递) (球等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  discuss disparagingly (侮蔑性地)议论  bandied her name about  到处在非议她 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  exchange (blows, insults, etc.) 打架，谩骂(互相攻击等)  bandy words with me  跟我斗嘴 [perhaps from French bander from bande BAND2]

bane /bein/ n.  1  the cause of ruin or trouble; the curse (esp. 尤用于 the bane of one's life 某人的祸根) 祸根，灾难 2 poet.  ruin; woe [诗]毁灭，悲痛 3 archaic [古义] (except in comb. 复合词除外)  poison 毒药  ratsbane  老鼠药 □ baneful  adj.  □ banefully  adv.   [Old English bana, from Germanic]

baneberry /ˈbeinb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of several plants of the genus Actaea 类叶升麻属植物 2  the bitter poisonous berry of these plants 类叶升麻属植物的浆果(味苦，有毒)

bang /bæŋ/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a  a loud short sound 巨响b  an explosion 爆炸声c  the report of a gun 枪声 2  a  a sharp blow 猛击b  the sound of this 猛击声 3 (in pl. 用复数) esp. N. Amer.  a fringe of hair cut straight across the forehead [尤北美]刘海 4 coarse slang  an act of sexual intercourse [粗俗俚语]交媾 5 slang  a drug injection (cf. 参见 BHANG) [俚语]毒品注射 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  strike or shut noisily 猛敲，砰地关上  banged the door shut  砰地关上门 banged on the table  猛敲桌子 2 tr. & intr.  make or cause to make the sound of a blow or an explosion (使)猛击，(使)爆炸 3 tr. esp. N. Amer.  cut (hair) in bangs [尤北美]把(头发)剪成刘海 4 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a intr.  have sexual intercourse 性交b tr.  have sexual intercourse with 与…性交 ●adv.  1  with a bang or sudden impact 砰地，猛烈地 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  exactly [尤英口]正，直接地  bang in the middle  正在中间 □ bang off  Brit. slang  immediately [英] [俚语]立刻，马上□ bang on  Brit. colloq.  exactly right [英口]完全正确，十分恰当□ bang on about   talk tediously and at length about 乏味而冗长地谈论□ go bang   1 (of a door etc.) shut noisily (门等)砰地关上 2  explode 爆炸 3 colloq.  be suddenly destroyed [口]突然被毁  bang went their chances  他们的机会瞬间成为泡影□ go with a bang   go successfully 顺利进行 [16th c.: perhaps from Scandinavian]

banger /ˈbæŋə/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 slang  a sausage [俚语]香肠 2 slang  an old car, esp. a noisy one [俚语] (尤指噪声很大的)旧汽车 3  a loud firework 声音很大的爆竹

Bangkok /ˌbæŋˈkɒk/ n.  曼谷 [泰国首都]

Bangladesh   孟加拉国

Bangladeshi /bæŋɡləˈdeʃi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Bangladeshis)  a native or inhabitant of Bangladesh, in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent 孟加拉国人，孟加拉国居民 ●adj.  of or relating to Bangladesh or its people (有关)孟加拉国的；(有关)孟加拉人的 [Bangladesh + -I2]

bangle /ˈbæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a rigid ornamental band worn round the arm or occasionally the ankle 手镯，脚镯 [Hindi baṅglī ‘glass bracelet’]

bangtail /ˈbæŋteil/ n.  a horse, esp. with its tail cut straight across (尤指尾巴一刀剪齐的)马

bangtail muster n. Austral.  the counting of cattle involving cutting across the tufts at the tail-ends as each is counted [澳]剪尾毛清点

bang-up adj. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 a bang-up job) N. Amer. slang  first-class, excellent [北美] [俚语]第一流的，极好的

banian var.  of BANYAN  BANYAN 的变体

banish /ˈbæniʃ/ v. tr.  1  formally expel (a person), esp. from a country (尤指从某国)放逐，流放，把(人)驱逐出境 2  dismiss from one's presence or mind 开除，赶走，清除 □ banishment  n.   [Middle English from Old English banir, ultimately from the Germanic base of BAN]

banister /ˈbænistə/ n. (also 亦作 bannister)  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the uprights and handrail at the side of a staircase 楼梯栏杆，扶手 2  each of these uprights 栏杆柱 [earlier barrister, corruption of BALUSTER]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BALUSTER. 见 BALUSTER 的用法说明。 

banjo /ˈbændʒəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  a stringed musical instrument with a neck and head like a guitar and an open-backed body consisting of parchment stretched over a metal hoop 班卓琴 □ banjoist  n.   [US southern corruption of earlier bandore, ultimately from Greek pandoura ‘three-stringed lute’]

bank1 /bæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the sloping edge of land by a river 河岸b  the area of ground alongside a river 河边  had a picnic on the bank  在河边野餐 2  a raised shelf of ground; a slope 垄，埂；坡 3  an elevation in the sea or a river bed 海底(或河底)隆起部分；沙洲 4  a  the artificial slope of a road etc., enabling vehicles to maintain speed round a curve (公路等)转弯处向内倾斜b  the sideways tilt of an aircraft when turning in flight 飞机转弯时向内倾斜 5  a mass of cloud, fog, snow, etc. (云、雾、雪等)堆，块 6  the edge of a hollow place (e.g. the top of a mine shaft) 凹陷地方的边缘(如井口区) ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  heap or rise into banks 堆集(起来)，积聚(起来) 2 tr.  heap up (a fire) tightly so that it burns slowly 压，闷，封(火) 3  a intr. (of a vehicle or aircraft or its occupant) travel with one side higher than the other in rounding a curve (指车、飞机及其乘客)带坡度转弯，倾斜着行进b tr.  cause (a vehicle or aircraft) to do this 使(车、飞机)倾斜着行进 4 tr.  contain or confine within a bank or banks 筑堤围拦；筑堤防护 5 tr.  build (a road etc.) higher at the outer edge of a bend to enable fast cornering 使(路等)在转弯处外侧高些 [Middle English from Old Norse bakki, from Germanic: related to BENCH]

bank2 /bæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a financial establishment which uses money deposited by customers for investment, pays it out when required, makes loans at interest, exchanges currency, etc. 银行(可借贷、外汇兑换等)b  a building in which this business takes place 银行大楼 2  = PIGGY BANK  3  a  the money or tokens held by the banker in some gambling games 庄家的赌本b  the banker in such games 庄家 4  a place for storing anything for future use 库  blood bank  血库 data bank  数据库 ●v.  1 tr.  deposit (money or valuables) in a bank 把(钱或贵重物品)存入银行 2 intr.  engage in business as a banker 开银行 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with)  keep money (at a bank) 把钱存入(银行) 4 intr.  act as banker in some gambling games (在赌博中)做庄家 □ bank on   rely on 依靠，指望  I'm banking on your help  我指望你的帮助 [originally = a money-dealers' bench or table, from French banque or Italian banca via medieval Latin banca, bancus, from Germanic: related to BANK1, BENCH]

bank3 /bæŋk/ n.  1  a row of similar objects, esp. of keys, lights, or switches (尤指钥匙、灯、开关等的)一排，一组，一套 2  a tier of oars 一排桨 [Middle English via Old French banc from Germanic: related to BANK1, BENCH]

bankable /ˈbæŋkəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  certain to bring profit; good for the box office 可获利的，有票房价值的 2  acceptable at a bank 银行可接受的 3  reliable 可靠的  a bankable reputation  可靠的信誉 □ bankability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  

bank balance n.  the amount of money held in a bank account at a given moment 银行存款余额

bank bill n.  1 Brit.  a bill drawn by one bank on another [英]银行汇票 2 esp. US [尤美]  = BANKNOTE 

bank book n.  = PASSBOOK 

bank card n.  = CHEQUE CARD 

banker1 /ˈbæŋkə/ n.  1  a person who manages or owns a bank or group of banks 银行家 2  a  a keeper of the bank or dealer in some gambling games (赌博的)庄家b  a card game involving gambling 有赌博性的牌戏 3 Brit.  a result forecast identically (while other forecasts differ) in several football-pool entries on one coupon [英] (足球联赛入选名次赌博中)与结果相符的预测 [French banquier from banque BANK2]

banker2 /ˈbæŋkə/ n.  1  a  a fishing boat off Newfoundland 纽芬兰沿海的渔船b  a Newfoundland fisherman 纽芬兰沿海的渔民 2 Austral. colloq.  a river flooded to the top of its banks [澳口]河水涨满的河 [BANK1 + -ER1]

banker's card n. Brit. [英]  = CHEQUE CARD 

banker's order n. Brit.  an instruction to a bank to pay money or deliver property, signed by the owner or the owner's agent [英]长期委托书

bank holiday n.  a day on which banks are officially closed, (in the UK) usu. kept as a public holiday 银行假日，(英国) (通常为)法定假日

banking /ˈbæŋkiŋ/ n.  the business transactions of a bank 银行业务

bank machine n.  = CASH DISPENSER 

bank manager n.  a person in charge of a local branch of a bank 银行分行经理

banknote /ˈbæŋknəʊt/ n.  a banker's promissory note, esp. from a central bank, payable to the bearer on demand, and serving as money (尤指中央银行发行的)钞票

Bank of England n.  the central bank of England and Wales, issuing banknotes and having the British Government as its main customer 英格兰银行

bankroll /ˈbæŋkrəʊl/ n. & v. orig. N. Amer. [源于北美] ●n.  1  a roll of banknotes 一卷钞票 2  funds 资金 ●v. tr. colloq.  support financially [口]资助

bankrupt /ˈbæŋkrʌpt/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  insolvent; declared in law unable to pay debts 破产的，宣布无力还债的b  undergoing the legal process resulting from this 正式破产的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  exhausted or drained (of some quality etc.); deficient, lacking (某种质量)完全丧失的；枯竭的，极度缺乏的 ●n.  1  a  an insolvent person whose estate is administered and disposed of for the benefit of the creditors 破产者b  an insolvent debtor 无偿还能力的人 2  a person exhausted of or deficient in a certain attribute 在某方面极度缺乏的人  a moral bankrupt  道德沦丧的人 ●v. tr.  make bankrupt 使破产；使枯竭 □ bankruptcy  /-ˌrʌptsi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [16th c.: from Italian banca rotta ‘broken bench’ (as BANK2, Latin rumpere rupt- ‘break’)]

banksia /ˈbæŋksiə/ n.  an evergreen flowering shrub of the genus Banksia, native to Australia (澳大利亚)山龙眼 [Sir J. Banks, English naturalist d. 1820]

banksia rose n.  a Chinese climbing rose, Rosa banksiae, with small flowers 木香

bank statement n.  a printed statement of transactions and balance issued periodically to the holder of a bank account (银行定期寄给储户的)银行结单

banner /ˈbænə/ n.  1  a  a large rectangular sign bearing a slogan or design and usu. carried on two side-poles or a crossbar in a demonstration or procession (游行队伍打出通常有两根横竿的)横幅(标语)b  a long strip of cloth etc. hung across a street or along the front of a building etc. and bearing a slogan (建筑物等前面由布等做成的)长条横幅；幌子 2  a slogan or phrase used to represent a belief or principle (表示信仰或准则的)口号 3  a flag on a pole used as the standard of a king, knight, etc., esp. in battle (君主、骑士等尤在战斗中打出的)旗号 4 (作 attrib.) US  excellent, outstanding [美]特别好的，突出的  a banner year in sales  销路特旺的一年 □ join (or follow) the banner of   adhere to the cause of 拥护…的事业，投到…的旗下□ bannered  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French banere, Old French baniere from Romanic, ultimately from Germanic]

banneret /ˈbænərit/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a knight who commanded his own troops in battle under his own banner 方旗骑士 2  a knighthood given on the battlefield for courage 方旗骑士爵位 [Middle English & Old French baneret, from baniere BANNER + -et as -ATE1]

banner headline n.  a large newspaper headline, esp. one across the top of the front page (报纸头版的)通栏大字标题

bannister var.  of BANISTER  BANISTER 的变体

bannock /ˈbænək/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a round flat loaf, usu. unleavened [苏格兰和英格兰北部] (通常死面)大烙饼 [Old English bannuc, perhaps from Celtic]

banns /bænz/ n. pl.  a notice read out on three successive Sundays in a parish church, announcing an intended marriage and giving the opportunity for objections 结婚公告(连续三星期在所属教堂发布，给人以提出异议的机会) □ forbid the banns   raise an objection to an intended marriage, esp. in church following the reading of the banns (尤指在教堂)对结婚公告提出异议 [pl. of BAN]

banquet /ˈbæŋkwit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an elaborate usu. extensive feast (通常丰盛的)筵席 2  a dinner for many people followed by speeches in favour of a cause or in celebration of an event 宴会，盛宴 ●v. (banqueted, banqueting)  1 intr.  hold a banquet; feast 设宴；宴请 2 tr.  entertain with a banquet 设宴招待 □ banqueter  n.   [French, diminutive of banc ‘bench’, BANK2]

banquette /bæŋˈket/ n.  1  an upholstered bench along a wall, esp. in a restaurant or bar (尤指餐馆、酒吧沿墙而设的)长条形软座 2  a raised step behind a rampart 射击踏垛 [French from Italian banchetta, diminutive of banca ‘bench’, BANK2]

banshee /bænˈʃi:, ˈbænʃi:/ n. Ir. & Sc.  a female spirit whose wailing warns of a death in a house [爱尔兰和苏格兰] (报丧)狺女，女妖 [Irish bean sídhe from Old Irish ben síde ‘woman of the fairies’]

bantam /ˈbæntəm/ n.  1  a breed of small domestic fowl, of which the cock is aggressive 矮脚鸡(其雄性好斗) 2  a small but aggressive person 矮小而好斗的人 [apparently from Banten in Java, although the fowl is not native there]

bantamweight /ˈbæntəmweit/ n.  1  a weight in certain sports intermediate between flyweight and featherweight, in the amateur boxing scale 51-4 kg but differing for professional boxers, wrestlers, and weightlifters (某些运动中的)最轻量级体重(在业余拳击为 51 － 54 公斤，职业拳击、摔跤、举重则各异) 2  a boxer etc. of this weight 最轻量级拳击手(摔跤手等)

banter /ˈbæntə/ n. & v. ●n.  good-humoured teasing 善意的逗笑取乐 ●v.  1 tr.  ridicule in a good-humoured way 善意地逗笑取乐 2 intr.  talk humorously or teasingly 开玩笑；逗弄 □ banterer  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

Bantu /bænˈtu:, ˈbæntu:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Bantus)  1 offens. [冒犯]  a  a large group of Negroid peoples of central and southern Africa 班图族b  a member of any of these peoples 班图人 2  the group of languages spoken by them 班图诸语言 ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples (offens.), or languages (有关)班图人的 ([冒犯]) ；(有关)班图诸语的 [Bantu, = people]■Usage 用法说明 Bantu, originally a neutral ‘scientific’ term, became strongly associated with apartheid policies in South Africa and is therefore regarded as offensive with references to the peoples. Bantu 最初是个中性的科学术语，后来与南非的种族隔离政策紧密地连系在一起，因此，在提到班图人时这个词便成了冒犯词语了。 

Bantustan /bæntu:ˈstɑ:n, -ˈstæn/ n. S. Afr. colloq. derog. [南非口] [贬]  = HOMELAND 2  [BANTU + -stan ‘country’, as in Hindustan etc.]

banyan /ˈbæniən, -njən/ n. (also 亦作 banian)  1 (also 亦作 banyan tree)  an Indian fig tree, Ficus benghalensis, the branches of which hang down and root themselves 印度榕树 2  a Hindu trader 印度商人 3  a loose flannel jacket, shirt, or gown worn in India (印度人穿的)宽大法兰绒长袍(或上衣等) [Portuguese banian from Gujarati vɑˉniyo ‘man of trading caste’, from Sanskrit: applied originally to one such tree under which banyans had built a pagoda]

banzai /bænˈzai/ int.  1  a Japanese battle-cry (日本人在打仗时的呐喊)冲呀 2  a form of greeting used to the Japanese emperor 万岁(对天皇的欢呼) [Japanese, = ten thousand years (of life to you)]

baobab /ˈbeiəbæb/ n.  1  an African tree, Adansonia digitata, with an enormously thick trunk and large edible pulpy fruit hanging down on stalks (非洲)猴面包树 2  a related Australian tree, Adansonia gregorii (澳大利亚)格雷戈里猴面包树 [Latin (1592), probably from an African language]

BAOR abbr.  British Army of the Rhine [缩略]英国(驻联邦德国)莱茵军

bap /bæp/ n. Brit.  a soft flattish bread roll [英]大面包卷 [16th c.: origin unknown]

baptism /ˈbæptiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the religious rite, symbolizing admission to the Christian Church, of sprinkling or pouring water on to the forehead, or (usu. only with adults) of immersion, generally accompanied by name-giving 浸礼(通常只适用于成人)，洗礼b  the act of baptizing or being baptized 施洗礼(或受洗)的行为 2  an initiation, e.g. into battle (如战争)开始，考验；初次经历 3  the naming of ships, church bells, etc. 命名(船、教堂大钟等) □ baptismal  /-ˈtizm(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ba(p)te(s)me and ecclesiastical Latin baptismus from ecclesiastical Greek baptismos, from baptizō BAPTIZE]

baptism of fire n.  1  initiation into battle 开始打仗，战火洗礼 2  a painful new undertaking or experience 严峻的考验

baptist /ˈbæptist/ n.  1  a person who baptizes, esp. John the Baptist 施洗者(尤指圣徒约翰) 2 (作 Baptist)  a member of a Protestant Christian denomination advocating baptism only of adult believers by total immersion 浸礼会教徒 [Middle English via Old French baptiste and ecclesiastical Latin baptista from ecclesiastical Greek baptistēs, from baptizō BAPTIZE]

baptistery /ˈbæptist(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 baptistry /-tri/) (pl. -ies)  1  a  the part of a church used for baptism 教堂洗礼处b hist.  a building next to a church, used for baptism [史义] (附设于教堂的)洗礼堂 2 (in a Baptist chapel) a sunken receptacle used for total immersion (浸礼会教堂内的)洗礼池 [Middle English via Old French baptisterie and ecclesiastical Latin baptisterium from ecclesiastical Greek baptistērion ‘bathing place’, from baptizō BAPTIZE]

baptize /bæpˈtaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  administer baptism to 施洗于… 2  give a name or nickname to; christen 为…命名，给…取名 [Middle English via Old French baptiser and ecclesiastical Latin baptizare from Greek baptizō ‘immerse, baptize’]

bar1 /bɑ:/ n., v. & prep. ●n.  1  a long rod or piece of rigid wood, metal, etc., esp. used as an obstruction, confinement, fastening, weapon, etc. (木、金属等)棍；棒(尤指可用作障碍物、扣拴物、武器等) 2  a  something resembling a bar in being (thought of as) straight, narrow, and rigid (看作)条，块  bar of soap  一条肥皂 bar of chocolate  一块巧克力b  a band of colour or light, esp. on a flat surface (颜色或光尤在平面上的)线条，带c  the heating element of an electric fire 电炉的电阻丝d  = CROSSBAR e Brit.  a metal strip below the clasp of a medal, awarded as an extra distinction [英]奖章上的金属带f  a sandbank or shoal at the mouth of a harbour or an estuary (河口的)沙洲，沙滩g Brit.  a rail marking the end of each chamber in the Houses of Parliament [英]议院中的围栏h Heraldry  a narrow horizontal stripe across a shield 【纹章学】盾上的横条纹 3  a  a barrier of any shape 障碍物，挡板b  a restriction 障碍，限制  colour bar  肤色障碍 a bar to promotion  晋升障碍 4  a  a counter in a public house, restaurant, or café across which alcohol or refreshments are served (出售酒或饮料的)柜台b  a room in a public house in which customers may sit and drink 酒吧间c  a public house 酒店，酒馆d  a small shop or stall serving refreshments 小吃店(摊)  snack bar  小吃店e  a specialized department in a large store 专售某一商品的柜台  heel bar  立等可取的修鞋柜台 5  a  an enclosure in which a prisoner stands in a law court 法庭上犯人站的地方，被告席b  a public standard of acceptability, before which a person is said to be tried 與论的裁决，法庭  bar of conscience  良心的制裁c  a plea arresting an action or claim in a law case 诉讼中要求中止(某项行动或权利)d  a particular court of law 特别法庭 6 Mus. 【音】  a  any of the sections of usu. equal time value into which a musical composition is divided by vertical lines across the staff 小节(通常等音值)b  = BAR LINE  7 (作 the Bar) Law 【法律】  a  barristers collectively (总称)律师界b  the profession of barrister 律师职业 ●v. tr. (barred, barring)  1  a  fasten (a door, window, etc.) with a bar or bars 把(门、窗等)上闩b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out)  shut or keep in or out 关  barred him in  把他关在里边 2  obstruct, prevent 阻挠，阻止  bar his progress  阻止他的进步 3  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  prohibit, exclude 禁止，排除  bar them from attending  禁止他们出席b  exclude from consideration (cf. 参见 BARRING) 不予考虑 4  mark with stripes 饰条纹于… 5 Law  prevent or delay (an action) by objection 【法律】(通过反对)阻止，拖延(一项行动) ●prep.  1 esp. Brit. except [尤英]  除…外  all were there bar a few  除少数几个都在那儿 2 Brit. Racing except (the horses indicated: used in stating the odds, indicating the number of horses excluded) [英]【赛马】(上边提到的马)除外(在陈述赔率时用)  33 － 1 bar three  33 － 1 ，上边提到的 3 个除外 □ bar none   with no exceptions 没有例外□ be called to the Bar  Brit.  be admitted as a barrister [英]取得律师资格□ be called within the Bar  Brit.  be appointed a Queen's Counsel [英]被任命为皇家律师□ behind bars   in prison 在狱中 [Middle English from Old French barre (n.), barrer (v.), from Romanic]

bar2 /bɑ:/ n. esp. Meteorol.  a unit of pressure, 105 newton per square metre, approx. one atmosphere 【气】巴(压强单位，每平方米 105 牛顿，约 1 个大气压) [Greek baros ‘weight’]

barathea /bærəˈθi:ə/ n.  a fine woollen cloth, sometimes mixed with silk or cotton, used esp. for coats, suits, etc. 巴拉瑟亚呢(混有绸或棉，尤用于做外套、套服等) [19th c.: origin unknown]

Barb /bɑ:b/ abbr. (also 亦作 BARB)  Broadcasters' Audience Research Board [缩略]广播电台听众调查委员会 [acronym]

barb /bɑ:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a secondary backward-facing projection from an arrow, fish-hook, etc., angled to make extraction difficult (箭头、鱼钩等的)倒钩 2  a deliberately hurtful remark 故意伤人的话 3  a beardlike filament at the mouth of some fish, e.g. barbel and catfish (某些鱼嘴上的)触须(如鲃、鲇) 4  any one of the fine hairlike filaments growing from the shaft of a feather, forming the vane 羽支 ●v. tr.  1  provide (an arrow, a fish-hook, etc.) with a barb or barbs 给(箭头、鱼钩等)装倒钩 2 (as 作 barbed adj.) (of a remark etc.) deliberately hurtful (话语等)故意伤人的 □ barbless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French barbe from Latin barba ‘beard’]

Barbadian /bɑ:ˈbeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Barbados in the W. Indies 巴巴多斯人，巴巴多斯国民 2  a person of Barbadian descent 巴巴多斯人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Barbados or its people (有关)巴巴多斯岛的，(有关)巴巴多斯人的

Barbados   巴巴多斯

Barbara /ˈbɑ:bərə/   巴巴拉 [人名]

barbarian /bɑ:ˈbɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an uncultured or brutish person; a lout 未开化的人，野蛮人，粗人 2  a member of a primitive community or tribe 原始人 ●adj.  1  rough and uncultured 粗野的，未开化的 2  uncivilized 不文明的 [originally of any foreigner with a different language or customs: French barbarien from barbare (as BARBAROUS)]

barbaric /bɑ:ˈbærik/ adj.  1  brutal; cruel 残忍的；残酷的  flogging is a barbaric punishment  鞭打是一种十分残忍的刑罚 2  rough and uncultured; unrestrained 粗野的，没教养的；无节制的 3  of or like barbarians and their art or taste; primitive (似)原始的；(似)原始人的；(似)原始人艺术的；粗俗的 □ barbarically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French barbarique or Latin barbaricus via Greek barbarikos, from barbaros ‘foreign’]

barbarism /ˈbɑ:bəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the absence of culture and civilized standards; ignorance and rudeness 未开化状态，原始蒙昧状态，无知粗野状态b  an example of this 野蛮行为 2  a word or expression not considered correct; a solecism 不合规范的词语；文理不通 3  anything considered to be in bad taste 粗野的东西 [French barbarisme via Latin barbarismus from Greek barbarismos, from barbarizō ‘speak like a foreigner’, from barbaros ‘foreign’]

barbarity /bɑ:ˈbæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  savage cruelty 野蛮，残忍 2  an example of this 野蛮行径，残忍事例

barbarize /ˈbɑ:bəraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become barbarous 使(变)野蛮，使(变)粗俗 □ barbarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

barbarous /ˈbɑ:b(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  uncivilized 未开化的 2  cruel 残忍的 3  coarse and unrefined 粗鲁的，没有教养的 □ barbarously  adv.  □ barbarousness  n.   [originally of any foreign language or people: from Latin from Greek barbaros ‘foreign’]

Barbary ape /ˈbɑ:b(ə)ri/ n.  a tailless macaque, Macaca sylvana, of N. Africa and Gibraltar 叟猴，无尾(猕)猴(产于北非、直布罗陀) [Barbary, an old name of the western part of N. Africa, ultimately from Arabic barbar BERBER]

barbastelle /bɑ:bəˈstel, ˈbɑ:bəstel/ n.  a bat of the genus Barbastella, esp. B. barbastellus, found rarely in W. Europe 宽耳蝠(尤指欧洲宽耳蝠，罕见于西欧) [French from Italian Barbastello]

barbecue /ˈbɑ:bikju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a meal cooked on an open fire out of doors, esp. meat grilled on a metal appliance 户外烤肉野餐，(尤指户外做的)烤肉b  a party at which such a meal is cooked and eaten 户外烤肉聚会 2  a  the metal appliance used for the preparation of a barbecue 烤具，烤架b  a fireplace, usu. of brick, containing such an appliance (通常砖砌)烤炉 ●v. tr. (barbecues, barbecued, barbecuing)  cook (esp. meat) on a barbecue 在户外烧烤(尤指肉) [Spanish barbacoa from Arawak barbacòa ‘wooden frame on posts’]

barbecue sauce n.  a highly seasoned sauce, usu. containing chillies, in which meat etc. may be cooked (烤肉等)调汁(通常含辣椒)

barbed wire n.  wire bearing sharp pointed spikes close together and used in fencing, or in warfare as an obstruction 有刺铁丝，刺钢丝

barbel /ˈbɑ:b(ə)l/ n.  1  any large European freshwater fish of the genus Barbus, with fleshy filaments hanging from its mouth 鲃(鲃属淡水鱼) 2  such a filament growing from the mouth of any fish 鱼的触须 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin barbellus, diminutive of barbus ‘barbel’, from barba ‘beard’]

barbell /ˈbɑ:bel/ n.  an iron bar with a series of graded discs at each end, used for weightlifting exercises 杠铃 [BAR1 + BELL1]

barber /ˈbɑ:bə/ n. & v. ●n.  a person who cuts men's hair and shaves or trims beards as an occupation; a men's hairdresser (为男子服务的)理发师 ●v. tr.  1  cut the hair of; shave or trim the beard of 给…理发(修面) 2  cut or trim closely 修整  barbered the grass  修剪草地 [Middle English & Anglo-French, via Old French barbeor from medieval Latin barbator -oris, from barba ‘beard’]

barberry /ˈbɑ:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any shrub of the genus Berberis, with spiny shoots, yellow flowers, and ovoid red berries, often grown as hedges 小檗属植物(嫩枝带刺、开黄花、结卵形红果、常作树篱) 2  its berry 小檗属植物的浆果 [Middle English from Old French berberis, of unknown origin: assimilated to BERRY]

barber-shop n.  a popular style of close harmony singing, esp. for four male voices 理发店男声无伴奏重唱(通常为四男声重唱) often 常作 attrib.: barber-shop quartet  理发店四重唱

barber's pole n.  a spirally painted striped red and white pole hung outside barbers' shops as a business sign 理发店旋转标志彩柱

barbet /ˈbɑ:bit/ n.  any small brightly coloured tropical bird of the family Capitonidae, with bristles at the base of its beak (须科)须，拟啄木鸟(喙基部有须) [French from barbe ‘beard’]

barbette /bɑ:ˈbet/ n.  a platform in a fort or ship from which guns can be fired over a parapet etc. without an embrasure 炮座，炮塔(可直接越过护墙发炮) [French, diminutive of barbe ‘beard’]

barbican /ˈbɑ:bik(ə)n/ n.  the outer defence of a city, castle, etc., esp. a double tower above a gate or drawbridge (城、堡等的)外堡，碉楼(尤指城门、吊桥上的双子望楼) [Middle English from Old French barbacane, of unknown origin]

barbie /ˈbɑ:bi/ n. esp. Austral. slang  a barbecue [尤澳] [俚语]一种户外烤肉餐 [abbreviation]

Barbie doll /ˈbɑ:bi/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a doll representing a conventionally attractive young woman 芭比娃娃(代表传统风格的漂亮年轻妇女) 2  a pretty but characterless or passive young woman 漂亮而无个性的年轻妇女 [diminutive of the name Barbara]

bar billiards n. Brit.  a form of billiards in which balls are struck with a cue into holes in the table [英]酒吧台球

barbitone /ˈbɑ:bitəʊn/ n. (US [美] barbital /ˈbɑ:bit(ə)l/)  a sedative drug 巴比妥(一种镇静药) [as BARBITURIC ACID + -ONE, -al as in veronal]

barbiturate /bɑ:ˈbitjʊrət/ n.  any derivative of barbituric acid used in the preparation of sedative and sleep-inducing drugs 巴比土酸盐，巴比妥类药物

barbituric acid /bɑ:biˈtjʊərik/ n. Chem.  an organic acid from which various sedatives and sleep-inducing drugs are derived 【化】巴比土酸 [French barbiturique from German Barbitursɑ¨ure (Sɑ¨ure ‘acid’) from the name Barbara]

barbola /bɑ:ˈbəʊlə/ n. (in full 全称 barbola work)  1  the craft of making small models of fruit, flowers, etc. from a plastic paste (水果、花朵等的)塑料泥制作工艺 2  articles, e.g. mirrors, decorated with such models (如镜子上用塑料泥制作的)黏附装饰 [arbitrary formation from barbotine clay slip for ornamenting pottery]

Barbour /ˈbɑ:bə/ n. (in full 全称 Barbour jacket) propr.  a type of green waxed jacket [商标]巴伯式防水夹克衫 [J. Barbour, name of a draper (d. 1918) in NE England who sold waterproof clothing]

Barbra /ˈbɑ:bərə/   巴巴拉 [人名]

barbule /ˈbɑ:bju:l/ n.  a minute filament projecting from the barb of a feather (鸟类的)羽小支 [Latin barbula, diminutive of barba ‘beard’]

barbwire /bɑ:bˈwaiə/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BARBED WIRE 

barcarole /ˈbɑ:kərəʊl, bɑ:kəˈrəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 barcarolle /-rɒl, -ˈrɒl/)  1  a song sung by Venetian gondoliers 船歌，威尼斯船夫曲 2  music in imitation of this 模拟(威尼斯)船歌的乐曲 [French barcarolle from Venetian Italian barcarola ‘boatman's song’, from barca ‘boat’]

barchan /ˈbɑ:k(ə)n/ n.  a crescent-shaped shifting sand dune 新月形沙丘 [Turkic barkhan]

bar chart n. (also 亦作 bar graph)  a chart or graph using bars to represent quantity 条形图

bar code n.  a machine-readable code in the form of a pattern of stripes printed on and identifying a commodity, used esp. for stock-control 条形码(尤用于库存管理)

bard1 /bɑ:d/ n.  1  a hist.  a Celtic minstrel [史义] (凯尔特)吟游诗人b  the winner of a prize for Welsh verse at an Eisteddfod 威尔士诗歌竞赛会获胜者 2 poet.  a poet, esp. one treating heroic themes [诗] (尤指以英雄事迹为主题的)诗人 □ the Bard (or the Bard of Avon)   Shakespeare 诗人莎士比亚□ bardic  adj.   [Gaelic & Irish bɑˊrd, Welsh bardd, from Celtic]

bard2 /bɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a rasher of fat bacon placed on meat or game before roasting (烤前放在肉类或野味上的)熏肉片 ●v. tr.  cover (meat etc.) with bards 在(肉类等上)放熏肉片 [French barde, originally = horse's breastplate, ultimately from Arabic]

bardy /ˈbɑ:di/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral.  an edible wood-boring grub [澳]可食用的钻木虫 [Nyungar (and other Aboriginal languages) bardi]

bare /bɛə/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (esp. of part of the body) unclothed or uncovered (尤指身体某处)没穿衣的，没有遮盖的  with bare head  光着头 2  without appropriate covering or contents 没有适当的覆盖物(或内容)的 :a (of a tree) leafless (树)没有树叶的b  unfurnished; empty 未配备家具的，空的  bare rooms  没有家具的房间 the cupboard was bare  食橱里是空的c (of a floor) uncarpeted (指地板)没铺地毯的 3  a  undisguised 没有装扮的，不加掩饰的  the bare truth  赤裸裸的事实b  unadorned 未加装饰的  bare facts  事实真相 4 (作 attrib.)  a  scanty 勉强的，缺乏的  a bare majority  勉强的多数b  mere 最低限度的  bare necessities  最低限度的生活必需品 ●v. tr.  1  uncover, unsheathe 揭露，露出  bared his teeth  露出他的牙齿 2  reveal 暴露  bared his soul  诉说衷情 □ bare of   without 没有□ with one's bare hands   without using tools or weapons 赤手空拳□ bareness  n.   [Old English bœr (n.), barian (v.), from Germanic]

bareback /ˈbɛəbæk/ adj. & adv.  on an unsaddled horse, donkey, etc. (马、驴等)没有鞍(的)；不用鞍(的)

barefaced /bɛəˈfeist/ adj.  undisguised; impudent 没有遮盖的；不戴面具的；厚颜无耻的  barefaced cheek  不要脸面 □ barefacedly  /-ˈfeisidli/ adv.  □ barefacedness  n.  

barefoot /ˈbɛəfʊt/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 barefooted /-ˈfʊtid/)  with nothing on the feet 赤脚(的)

barefoot doctor n.  a paramedical worker with basic medical training, esp. in China (尤指中国的)赤脚医生

bareheaded /bɛəˈhedid/ adj. & adv.  without a covering for the head 光着头(的)

bare-knuckle attrib. adj. (also 亦作 bare-knuckled)  1 (of boxing etc.) wearing no gloves (拳击运动等)不戴手套的 2  severe, implacable 严厉的；不留情的

barely /ˈbɛəli/ adv.  1  only just; scarcely 仅仅，几乎没有  barely escaped  差一点没有逃走 2  scantily 缺乏地，不足地  barely furnished  陈设简陋的房间 3 archaic  openly, explicitly [古义]公开地，明白地

barf /bɑ:f/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v. intr.  vomit or retch 呕吐；作呕 ●n.  an attack of vomiting 呕吐 [20th c.: origin unknown]

barfly /ˈbɑ:flai/ n. (pl. -flies) colloq.  a person who frequents bars [口]常去酒吧的人，酒吧油子

barfly jumping n.  the sport of jumping at and sticking to a Velcro-covered wall while wearing a Velcro suit 蹦蹦粘，跳维可牢墙运动(身穿维可牢衫，跳向可粘住自己的维可牢墙)

bargain /ˈbɑ:ɡin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an agreement on the terms of a transaction or sale 买卖协议b  this seen from the buyer's viewpoint 交易  a bad bargain  蚀本生意 2  something acquired or offered cheaply 便宜货 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, for)  discuss the terms of a transaction 讲价钱，讨价还价  expected him to bargain, but he paid up  等着他还价，他却付钱了 bargained with her  同她讲价钱 bargained for the table  为购买桌子讲价钱 □ bargain away   part with for something worthless 廉价出售  had bargained away the estate  低价出售财产□ bargain for (or colloq. [口] on)  (usu. with neg. actual or implied 通常与实际的或隐含的否定词连用)  be prepared for; expect 预料，指望  didn't bargain for bad weather  没有料到会是坏天气 more than I bargained for  我没有料到□ bargain on   rely on 依赖□ drive a hard bargain   be uncompromising in making a bargain 杀价，讲价钱时不退让□ into (US [美] in) the bargain   moreover; in addition to what was expected 而且，另外还□ make (or strike) a bargain   agree a transaction 买卖达成协议□ bargainer  n.   [Middle English from Old French bargaine (n.), bargaignier (v.), probably from Germanic]

bargain basement n.  the basement of a shop where bargains are displayed 地下商场，廉价商品部 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : bargain-basement prices  很低的价格

barge /bɑ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long flat-bottomed boat for carrying freight on canals, rivers, etc. (航行在运河、河流等上的)长平底船，驳船 2  a long ornamental boat used for pleasure or ceremony 大游艇，画舫 3  a boat used by the chief officers of a warship 军舰长官专用艇 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 后常跟 around)  lurch or rush clumsily about 到处冲撞，猛闯 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  a  intrude or interrupt rudely or awkwardly 闯入，打断  barged in while we were kissing  在我们接吻时闯了进来b  collide with 碰撞，冲突  barged into her  与她发生了冲突 3 tr.  convey by barge 用驳船运 [Middle English from Old French, perhaps via medieval Latin barica from Greek baris ‘Egyptian boat’]

bargeboard /ˈbɑ:dʒbɔ:d/ n.  a board (often ornamental) fixed to the gable-end of a roof to hide the ends of the roof timbers (常有装饰的)封檐板 [perhaps from medieval Latin bargus ‘gallows’]

bargee /bɑ:ˈdʒi:/ n. Brit.  a person in charge of or working on a barge [英]驳船船主(或船员)

bargepole /ˈbɑ:dʒpəʊl/ n.  a long pole used for punting barges etc. and for fending off obstacles (驳船等上用的)撑篙 □ would not touch with a bargepole  Brit.  refuse to be associated or concerned with (a person or thing) [英]与(某人或某事)不发生关系

bar graph var.  of BAR CHART  BAR CHART 的变体

barilla /bəˈrilə/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Salsola found chiefly in Spain and Sicily 钾猪毛菜 2  an impure alkali made by burning either this or kelp 钠碱灰，苏打灰，海草灰苏打 [Spanish]

barite /ˈbærait, ˈbɛə-/ n. (also 亦作 baryte)  a mineral form of barium sulphate Also called 亦称作 barytes 重晶石 [BARIUM + -ITE1, -yte form influenced by barytes]

baritone /ˈbæritəʊn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the second lowest adult male singing voice 男中音b  a singer with this voice 男中音歌唱家c  a part written for it 男中音部 2  a  an instrument that is second lowest in pitch in its family 上低音乐器b  its player 上低音乐器弹奏者 ●adj.  second lowest in musical pitch 男中音的，上低音的  baritone saxophone  上低音萨克斯管 [Italian baritono from Greek barutonos, from barus ‘heavy’ + tonos TONE]

barium /ˈbɛəriəm/ n.  1 Chem.  a white reactive soft metallic element of the alkaline earth group (symbol 符 Ba) 【化】(化学元素)钡 2  a mixture of barium sulphate and water, opaque to X-rays, which is given to patients requiring radiological examination of the stomach or intestines (检查肠胃用的)硫酸钡水溶液  barium enema  钡灌肠 barium meal  钡餐 [BARYTA + -IUM]

bark1 /bɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sharp explosive cry of a dog, fox, etc. (狗、狐等的)吠声 2  a sound resembling this cry 似狗叫的声音 ●v.  1 intr. (of a dog, fox, etc.) give a bark (狗、狐等)发出吠声 2 tr. & intr.  speak or utter sharply or brusquely 厉声说话，咆哮 3 intr. colloq.  cough fiercely [口]咳嗽很厉害 4 tr. & intr. US  sell or advertise publicly by calling out; tout [美]大叫大喊招徕顾客；大声叫卖 □ one's bark is worse than one's bite   one is not as ferocious as one appears 貌凶心善；刀子嘴，豆腐心□ bark up the wrong tree   be on the wrong track; make an effort in the wrong direction 找错了目标，问错了对象 [Old English beorcan]

bark2 /bɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the tough protective outer sheath of the trunks, branches, and twigs of trees or woody shrubs 树皮 2  this material used for tanning leather or dyeing material 鞣酸皮；树皮鞣料 ●v. tr.  1  graze or scrape (one's shin etc.) 擦破，刮破(某人的)皮 2  strip bark from (a tree etc.) 剥去(树等的)皮 3  tan or dye (leather etc.) using the tannins found in bark 用树皮鞣料鞣(染) (革等) [Middle English from Old Norse börkr bark-: perhaps related to BIRCH]

bark3 /bɑ:k/ n. poet.  a ship or boat [诗]轻船；(三桅)小帆船，巴克帆船 [= BARQUE]

bark beetle n.  a wood-boring beetle of the family Scolytidae (小蠹科)棘胫小蠹

barkeeper /ˈbɑ:ki:pə/ n. (also 亦作 barkeep) N. Amer. [北美]  1  the owner of a bar 酒吧老板 2  a person serving drinks in a bar 酒吧招待

barkentine esp. US var.  of BARQUENTINE [尤美] BARQUENTINE 的变体

barker /ˈbɑ:kə/ n.  a tout at an auction, sideshow, etc., who calls out for custom to passers-by (在拍卖、杂耍等中)大声招徕顾客的人 [BARK1 + -ER1]

barley /ˈbɑ:li/ n.  1  any of various hardy awned cereals of the genus Hordeum widely used as food and in malt liquors and spirits such as whisky (大麦属)大麦 2  the grain produced from this (cf. 参见 PEARL BARLEY) 大麦粒 [Old English bœrlic (adj.) from bœre, bere ‘barley’]

barleycorn /ˈbɑ:likɔ:n/ n.  1  the grain of barley 大麦粒 2  a former unit of measure (about a third of an inch) based on the length of a grain of barley 巴利肯(古时长度单位，约 1 英寸的 1/3)

barleymow /ˈbɑ:liməʊ/ n. Brit.  a stack of barley [英]大麦堆

barley sugar n.  an amber-coloured sweet made of boiled sugar, traditionally shaped as a twisted stick 大麦棒糖

barley water n.  a drink made from water and a boiled barley mixture 大麦汤

bar line n. Mus.  a vertical line used to mark divisions between bars 【音】小节线

barm /bɑ:m/ n.  1  the froth on fermenting malt liquor 麦芽酒发酵时浮在上边的泡沫 2 archaic or dial.  yeast or leaven [古义] [方]酵母；发酵剂 [Old English beorma]

barmaid /ˈbɑ:meid/ n.  1 Brit.  a woman serving behind the bar of a public house, hotel, etc. [英] (酒吧、旅馆等的)女招待 2 US  a waitress who serves drinks [美]酒吧女侍

barman /ˈbɑ:mən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. Brit.  a man serving behind the bar of a public house, hotel, etc. [尤英] (酒吧、旅馆等的)男招待

barmbrack /ˈbɑ:mbræk/ n. (also 亦作 barnbrack /ˈbɑ:n-/) Ir.  soft spicy bread with currants etc. [爱尔兰] (有葡萄干等的)果子面包 [Irish bairin breac ‘speckled cake’]

Barmecide /ˈbɑ:misaid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  illusory, imaginary; such as to disappoint 虚假的，想像的，巴米赛德式的 ●n.  a giver of benefits that are illusory or disappointing 口惠而实不至的人 [the name of a wealthy man in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments who gave a beggar a feast consisting of ornate but empty dishes]

bar mitzvah /bɑ: ˈmitsvə/ n.  1  the religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of 13 (年满 13 岁的犹太男孩的)成人仪式 2  the boy undergoing this ceremony 举行过成人仪式的男孩 [Hebrew, = son of the commandment]

barmy /ˈbɑ:mi/ adj. (barmier, barmiest) esp. Brit. slang  crazy, stupid [尤英] [俚语]疯狂的，痴呆的 □ barmily  adv.  □ barminess  n.   [earlier = frothy, from BARM]

barn1 /bɑ:n/ n.  1  a large farm building for storing grain etc. or N. Amer. housing livestock (存放谷粒等的)仓舍，谷仓，粮库；[北美]牲口棚 2 derog.  a large plain or unattractive building [贬]大而空空洞洞的建筑 3 N. Amer.  a large shed for storing road or railway vehicles [北美] (停放公路、铁路车辆的)大车棚 [Old English bern, beren from bere ‘barley’ + ern, œrn ‘house’]

barn2 /bɑ:n/ n. Physics  a unit of area, 10-28 square metres, used esp. in particle physics (symbol 符 b) 【物理学】(尤在粒子物理学中的)靶恩(面积单位， 10-28 平方米) [apparently from phrase ‘as big as a barn door’]

Barnaby /ˈbɑ:nəbi/   巴纳比 [人名]

barnacle /ˈbɑ:nək(ə)l/ n.  1  any of various small marine crustaceans of the class Cirripedia which in adult form cling to rocks, ships' bottoms, etc., forming a rough encrustation 藤壶(岩石、船底等处附着的成体甲壳动物) 2  a tenacious attendant or follower who cannot easily be shaken off 难以摆脱的人；纠缠不休的追随者 □ barnacled  adj.   [Middle English bernak (= medieval Latin bernaca), of unknown origin]

barnacle goose n.  an Arctic goose, Branta leucopsis, which winters in N. Europe (冬天出现在北欧的)藤壶雁，白额黑雁 [the bird was formerly thought to hatch from shellfish]

barnbrack var.  of BARMBRACK  BARMBRACK 的变体

barn dance n.  1  an informal social gathering for country dancing, originally in a barn 谷仓舞会 2  a dance for a number of couples forming a line or circle, with couples moving along it in turn 谷仓舞

barney /ˈbɑ:ni/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit. colloq.  a noisy quarrel [英口] (大声)吵闹 [perhaps dialect]

barn owl n.  a kind of owl, Tyto alba, frequenting barns 仓鸮

barnstorm /ˈbɑ:nstɔ:m/ v. intr.  1  tour rural districts giving theatrical performances (formerly often in barns) 在农村巡回演出(旧时常在谷仓) 2 N. Amer.  make a rapid tour, esp. for political meetings [北美] (尤指为政治聚会)作短暂的周游 3 N. Amer. Aeron.  give informal flying exhibitions; do stunt flying [北美]【空】作(特技)飞行表演 4 (as 作 barnstorming adj.)  effective in a spectacular or swaggering way 有炫耀效果的 □ barnstormer  n.  

barnyard /ˈbɑ:njɑ:d/ n.  the area around a barn; a farmyard 谷仓周围的场地，场院

barograph /ˈbærəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a barometer that records its readings on a moving chart (自动)气压计 [Greek baros ‘weight’ + -GRAPH]

barometer /bəˈrɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, esp. in forecasting the weather and determining altitude (尤指预报天气、测定海拔的)气压计，晴雨表 2  anything which reflects changes in circumstances, opinions, etc. 反映情况(舆论等)变化的标志 □ barometric  /bærəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ barometrical  /bærəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ barometry  /-mitri/ n.   [Greek baros ‘weight’ + -METER]

baron /ˈbær(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a member of the lowest order of the British nobility (英国贵族最低的一级)男爵b  a similar member of a foreign nobility (外国贵族最低的一级)男爵 2  an important businessman or other powerful or influential person 商业巨头，有影响的人，大亨  sugar baron  糖业大王 newspaper baron  报业大王 3 hist.  a person who held lands or property from the sovereign or a powerful overlord [史义] (由国王、君主敕封领地或财产的)贵族 [Middle English via Anglo-French barun, Old French baron from medieval Latin baro, -onis ‘man, warrior’, of unknown origin]

baronage /ˈbær(ə)nidʒ/ n.  1  barons or nobles collectively 男爵；贵族(总称) 2  an annotated list of barons or peers 男爵(或贵族)人名录 [Middle English from Old French barnage (as BARON)]

baroness /ˈbær(ə)nis/ n.  1  a woman holding the rank of baron either as a life peerage or as a hereditary rank (终身或世袭的)女男爵 2  the wife or widow of a baron 男爵夫人 [Middle English from Old French baronesse (as BARON)]

baronet /ˈbær(ə)nit/ n.  a member of the lowest hereditary titled British order 准男爵(称号世袭地位在男爵之下) [Middle English from Anglo-Latin baronettus (as BARON)]

baronetage /ˈbær(ə)nitidʒ/ n.  1  baronets collectively 准男爵(总称) 2  an annotated list of baronets 准男爵人名录

baronetcy /ˈbær(ə)nitsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the domain, rank, or tenure of a baronet 准男爵的领地(爵位和身份)

baronial /bəˈrəʊniəl/ adj.  of, relating to, or befitting barons (有关)男爵的；适合男爵的

baron of beef n. Brit.  an undivided double sirloin [英]未切开的双侧牛腰肉

barony /ˈbær(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the domain, rank, or tenure of a baron 男爵的领地(爵位和身份) 2 (in Ireland) a division of a county (爱尔兰)分区 3 (in Scotland) a large manor or estate (苏格兰)大庄园 [Middle English from Old French baronie (as BARON)]

baroque /bəˈrɒk, -ˈrəʊk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  highly ornate and extravagant in style, esp. of European art, architecture, and music of the 17th and 18th c. (尤指 17 至 18 世纪，在艺术、建筑、音乐方面)过分雕琢的；巴罗克风格的 2  of or relating to this period (有关)巴罗克风格时期的 ●n.  1  the baroque style 巴罗克风格 2  baroque art collectively 巴罗克艺术(总称) [French (originally = ‘irregular pearl’) from Portuguese barroco, of unknown origin]

baroreceptor /ˈbærəʊriˌseptə/ n. Biol.  a receptor sensitive to changes in pressure 【生】压力感受器 [Greek baros ‘weight’]

barouche /bəˈru:ʃ/ n.  a horse-drawn carriage with four wheels and a collapsible hood over the rear half, used esp. in the 19th c. (尤指 19 世纪在后部带折叠车篷的)四轮大马车 [German (dialect) Barutsche from Italian baroccio, ultimately from Latin birotus ‘two-wheeled’]

bar person n. Brit.  a barmaid or barman [英]酒吧女招待(或男招待)

barque /bɑ:k/ n.  1  a sailing ship with the rear mast fore-and-aft-rigged and the remaining (usu. two) masts square-rigged 三桅(小)帆船(通常前两桅用方帆) 2 poet.  any boat [诗]小帆船，轻舟 [Middle English from French, probably via Provençal barca from Latin barca ‘ship's boat’]

barquentine /ˈbɑ:k(ə)nti:n/ n. (also esp. US [亦尤美] barkentine)  a sailing ship with the foremast square-rigged and the remaining (usu. two) masts fore-and-aft-rigged (仅前桅有方帆的)三桅帆船(通常其余两桅带纵帆) [BARQUE on the pattern of brigantine]

barrack1 /ˈbærək/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 , often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  a building or building complex used to house soldiers 兵营 2  any building used to accommodate large numbers of people 可安排大批人的建筑 3  a large building of a bleak or plain appearance 外观简陋的大房子 ●v. tr.  place (soldiers etc.) in barracks 把(士兵等)安排住下 [French baraque from Italian baracca or Spanish barraca ‘soldier's tent’, of unknown origin]

barrack2 /ˈbærək/ v. Brit., Austral. & NZ [英澳新]  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  shout or jeer at (players in a game, a performer, speaker, etc.) (对运动员、表演者、讲话的人等)喝彩 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for) (of spectators at games etc.) cheer for, encourage (a team etc.) (看比赛等的观众) (给某队等)喝彩，鼓劲 [probably from N. Irish dialect]

barrack-room lawyer n. Brit.  a pompously argumentative person [英]好争辩的人

barrack square n. Brit.  a drill ground near a barracks [英]营房附近的练兵场

barracouta /bærəˈku:tə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or barracoutas)  1  a long slender fish, Thyrsites atun, usu. found in southern oceans 杖鱼(通常生活在南部大洋中) 2 NZ  a small narrow loaf of bread [新]小棒面包 [variant of BARRACUDA]

barracuda /bærəˈku:də/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or barracudas)  a large and voracious tropical marine fish of the family Sphyraenidae (热带魣科鱼类)魣(尤指尖吻鲈) [Latin American Spanish barracuda]

barrage /ˈbærɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a concentrated artillery bombardment over a wide area 火力网，掩护炮火 2  a rapid succession of questions or criticisms 一连串的问题(或批评) 3 Brit.  an artificial barrier, esp. in a river [英]水坝(尤指拦河坝) 4  a heat or deciding event in fencing, showjumping, etc. (击剑、骑马超越障碍比赛等的)复赛 [French from barrer (as BAR1)]

barrage balloon n. hist.  a large anchored balloon, often with netting suspended from it, used (usu. as one of a series) as a defence against low-flying aircraft [史义] (防止低空飞机的)阻拦气球(通常为一连串中的一个)

barramundi /bærəˈmʌndi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or barramundis)  any of various Australian freshwater fishes, esp. Lates calcarifer, used as food 澳洲肺鱼(一种淡水食用鱼) [probably Aboriginal (Queensland)]

barrator /ˈbærətə/ n.  1  a malicious person causing discord 存心不良的人，搬弄是非的人 2 hist.  a vexatious litigant [史义]无理取闹的诉讼当事人 [Middle English from Anglo-French baratour, Old French barateor ‘trickster’, from barat ‘deceit’, ultimately from Greek prattein ‘do, perform, manage’]

barratry /ˈbærətri/ n.  1  fraud or gross negligence of a ship's master or crew at the expense of its owners or users (使船主或货主遭受损失的)欺诈行为，失职行为 2 hist.  vexatious litigation or incitement to it [史义]无理取闹的诉讼；诉讼挑唆 3 hist.  trade in the sale of church or state appointments [史义]圣职(或官职)的买卖 □ barratrous  adj.   [Middle English from Old French baraterie (as BARRATOR)]

barre /bɑ:/ n.  a horizontal bar at waist level used in dance exercises 把杆(练习舞蹈用的水平木杆) [French]

barrel /ˈbær(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylindrical container usu. bulging out in the middle, traditionally made of wooden staves with metal hoops round them (通常中间凸出的)琵琶桶，桶 2  the contents of this 一桶之量 3  a measure of capacity, usu. varying from 30 to 40 gallons 桶(液量单位，通常在 30 至 40 加仑之间) 4  a cylindrical tube forming part of an object such as a gun or a pen 圆筒形物(如枪杆、笔杆) 5  the belly and loins of a four-legged animal, e.g. a horse (如马的)躯干 ●v. (barrelled, barrelling; US [美] barreled, barreling)  1 tr.  put into a barrel or barrels 把…装桶 2 intr. N. Amer. slang  drive fast [北美] [俚语]高速行驶 □ a barrel of fun (or laughs)  (often with neg. 常与否定词连用) colloq.  a source of much fun or amusement [口]非常有趣□ over a barrel  colloq.  in a helpless position; at a person's mercy [口]处于无能为力的地位，受制于人 [Middle English via Old French baril from medieval Latin barrilus ‘small cask’]

barrel-chested adj.  having a large rounded chest 胸部厚实的

barrel organ n.  a mechanical musical instrument in which a rotating pin-studded cylinder acts on a series of pipe-valves, strings, or metal tongues 手摇风琴

barrel roll n.  an aerobatic manoeuvre in which an aircraft follows a single turn of a spiral while rolling once about its longitudinal axis 横滚

barrel vault n. Archit.  a vault forming a half cylinder 【建】筒形穹顶 □ barrel-vaulted  adj.  

barren /ˈbær(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (barrener, barrenest)  1  a  unable to bear young 不能生育的b  unable to produce fruit or vegetation 不结果实的；不毛的 2  meagre, unprofitable 贫乏的；无利可图的 3  dull, unstimulating 枯燥的，无刺激的 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  lacking in 缺乏的；没有的  barren of wit  缺乏智慧 ●n.  a barren tract or tracts of land, esp. (in pl.) in N. America 贫瘠的土地；(用复数) (尤指北美的)荒漠 □ barrenly  adv.  □ barrenness  /ˈbær(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French barai(g)ne, Old French barhaine etc., of unknown origin]

barrette /bæˈret/ n.  a hairslide 发夹 [French, diminutive of BARRE]

barricade /bæriˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  a barrier, esp. one improvised across a street etc. (尤指临时在街道等上安置的)路障；街垒 ●v. tr.  block or defend with a barricade 设置路障(防卫) [French from barrique ‘cask’, from Spanish barrica, related to BARREL]

barrier /ˈbæriə/ n.  1  a fence or other obstacle that bars advance or access 栅栏；障碍物 2  an obstacle or circumstance that keeps people or things apart, or prevents communication 障碍；隔阂  class barriers  阶级壁垒 a language barrier  语言障碍 3  anything that prevents progress or success 阻碍进步(或成功)的任何事物 4 Brit.  a gate at a car park, railway station, etc., that controls access [英] (停车场、火车站等出入口的)检票处 5 colloq. [口]  = SOUND BARRIER  [Middle English from Anglo-French barrere, Old French barriere]

barrier cream n. Brit.  a cream used to protect the skin from damage or infection [英]防护脂，护肤脂

barrier reef n.  a coral reef separated from the shore by a broad deep channel 堡礁

barring /ˈbɑ:riŋ/ prep.  except, not including 除…以外，不包括 [BAR1 + -ING2]

barrio /ˈbæriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in the US) the Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city (美国)讲西班牙语的社区 [Spanish, = district of a town]

barrister /ˈbæristə/ n. (in full 全称 barrister-at-law) esp. Brit.  a person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate in the higher courts [尤英]有资格出席高等法院的律师 [Middle English, from BAR1, perhaps on the pattern of minister]

bar room n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  a room with a bar selling alcoholic refreshments 酒吧间

barrow1 /ˈbærəʊ/ n.  1 Brit.  a two-wheeled handcart used esp. by street vendors [英] (尤指街道小贩所用)双轮手推车，流动售货车 2  = WHEELBARROW  3  a metal frame with two wheels used for transporting luggage etc. (转运行李等的)双轮车 □ barrowload  n.   [Old English bearwe, from Germanic]

barrow2 /ˈbærəʊ/ n. Archaeol.  an ancient grave mound or tumulus 【考古】古墓；古塚 [Old English beorg, from Germanic]

barrow boy n. Brit.  a boy or man who sells wares from a barrow [英]街头手推车小贩

Barry /ˈbæri/   巴里 [人名]

barré /ˈbærei/ n. Mus.  a method of playing a chord on the guitar etc. with a finger laid across the strings at a particular fret, raising their pitch 【音】(吉他等)食指按弦变音法 [French, past part. of barrer ‘bar’]

bar sinister n.  in popular use, a supposed heraldic sign of bastardy (cf. 参见 bend sinister at BEND2) (表示私生子身份的)纹章斜条

bar stool n.  a tall stool for sitting on at a bar 酒吧间的高脚凳

Bart. /bɑ:t/ abbr. [缩略]  Baronet 

bartender /ˈbɑ:tendə/ n.  a person serving behind the bar of a public house 酒吧间侍者

barter /ˈbɑ:tə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  exchange (goods or services) without using money 以(货物或服务)作交换 2 intr.  make such an exchange 作不用钱的交换，作物物交换 ●n.  trade by exchange of goods 易货贸易 □ barterer  n.   [probably Old French barater: see BARRATOR]

Bartholomew /bɑ:ˈθɒləmju:/   巴塞洛缪 [人名]

bartizan /bɑ:tiˈzæn/ n. Archit.  a battlemented parapet or an overhanging corner turret at the top of a castle or church tower 【建】(城堡上的)箭塔；(教堂顶楼的)角塔 [variant of bertisene, erroneous spelling of bratticing: see BRATTICE]

bar tracery n.  tracery with strips of stone across an aperture 石条窗花格

baryon /ˈbæriɒn/ n. Physics  a subatomic particle that has a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton (i.e. is a nucleon or a hyperon) 【物理学】重子(亚原子粒子，包括核子和超子) □ baryonic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Greek barus ‘heavy’ + -ON]

barysphere /ˈbærisfiə/ n.  the dense interior of the earth, including the mantle and core, enclosed by the lithosphere 地心圈 [Greek barus ‘heavy’ + sphaira ‘sphere’]

baryta /bəˈraitə/ n.  barium oxide or hydroxide 氧化钡；氢氧化钡 □ barytic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [BARYTES, on the pattern of soda etc.]

baryte var.  of BARITE  BARITE 的变体

barytes /bəˈraiti:z/ n.  = BARITE  [Greek barus ‘heavy’, partly assimilated to mineral names in -ites]

barège /bəˈreiʒ, 法 barɛʒ/ n.  a silky gauze made from wool or other material 巴勒吉纱罗 [French from Barèges in SW France, where it was originally made]

basal /ˈbeis(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, at, or forming a base 基础的，位于基部的，构成底部的 2  fundamental 基本的 [BASE1 + -AL]

basal ganglia n. pl. Anat.  a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement 【解】基底神经节

basal metabolism n.  the chemical processes occurring in an organism at complete rest 基础代谢

basalt /ˈbæsɔ:lt, -(ə)lt, bəˈsɔ:lt, -ˈsɒlt/ n.  1  a dark basic volcanic rock whose deposits sometimes form columns 玄武岩 2  a kind of black stoneware resembling basalt 似玄武岩的黑色陶器 □ basaltic  /bəˈsɔ:ltik/ adj.   [Latin basaltes, variant of basanites, from Greek, from basanos ‘touchstone’]

bascule bridge /ˈbæskju:l/ n.  a type of drawbridge which is raised and lowered using counterweights 竖旋桥，升启桥 [French, earlier bacule ‘see-saw’ from battre ‘bump’ + cul ‘buttocks’]

base1 /beis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a part that supports from beneath or serves as a foundation for an object or structure 底，基底，底座b  a notional structure or entity on which something draws or depends (概念的)根据，基础  power base  权力基础 economic base  经济基础 2  a principle or starting point; a basis 原则，出发点；基 3 esp. Mil.  a place from which an operation or activity is directed (尤)【军】基地，根据地，据点 4  a  a main or important ingredient of a mixture (混合物中的)基本成分b  a substance, e.g. water, in combination with which pigment forms paint etc. 媒染剂(如颜料构成颜色等中的水) 5  a substance used as a foundation for make-up 打底用的化妆品 6  a Chem.  a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions 【化】碱(可广义接纳、中和氢离子)b Biochem.  a purine or pyrimidine group as in a nucleotide or nucleic acid 【生化】碱基(核苷酸、核酸中的嘌呤类或嘧啶类) 7 Math.  a number in terms of which other numbers or logarithms are expressed (see 见 RADIX 1) 【数】基数，对数的底 8 Archit.  the part of a column between the shaft and pedestal or pavement 【建】底座 9 Geom.  a line or surface on which a figure is regarded as standing 【几】底边，底面 10 Surveying  a known line used as a geometrical base for trigonometry 【测量学】基线 11 Electronics  the middle part of a transistor separating the emitter from the collector 【电子学】基极 12 Linguistics  a root or stem as the origin of a word or a derivative 【语言学】词根，词基 13 Baseball  etc. one of the four stations that must be reached in turn to score a run 【棒球】垒 14 Bot. & Zool.  the end at which an organ is attached to the trunk or main part 【植】【动】基部，连接处 15 Heraldry  the lowest part of a shield 【纹章学】盾形纹章的最下部 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  found or establish 把…建立在某种基础之上  a theory based on speculation  建立在推测基础上的理论 his opinion was soundly based  他的看法有充分的根据 2 (foll. by 后跟 at, in, etc.)  station 驻扎  troops were based in Malta  部队驻扎在马耳他 □ get to first base  esp. N. Amer. slang  achieve the first step towards one's objective [尤北美] [俚语]完成了第一步，好的开端□ off base  esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  1  mistaken 错的 2  unprepared, unawares 没有准备的，没注意到的□ touch base  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  make (personal) contact 取得(个人)联系 [French base or Latin basis ‘stepping, step, pedestal’, from Greek]

base2 /beis/ adj.  1  lacking moral worth; cowardly, despicable 卑劣的；懦弱的；卑鄙的 2  menial 卑下的 3  not pure; alloyed 不纯的，假的；掺入贱金属的  base coin  假钱币 4 (of a metal) not regarded as noble or precious (金属)价值不高的 □ basely  adv.  □ baseness  n.   [Middle English in the sense ‘of small height’, via French bas from medieval Latin bassus ‘short’ (in Latin as a cognomen)]

baseball /ˈbeisbɔ:l/ n.  1  a game played esp. in the US with teams of nine, a bat and ball, and a circuit of four bases which the batter must complete to score (尤指美国)棒球运动 2  the ball used in this game 棒球

baseboard /ˈbeisbɔ:d/ n. N. Amer.  a skirting board [北美]踢脚板

base camp n.  a camp from which expeditions set out or operations are conducted 基地；大本营

basehead /ˈbeished/ n. US slang  a person who habitually takes either of the drugs freebase or crack [美] [俚语]可卡因瘾君子，吸服强效纯可卡因者 [FREEBASE + HEAD]

base hospital n. esp. Austral.  a hospital in a rural area, or (in warfare) removed from the field of action [尤澳]后方医院；(战时)战地医院

BASE jump /beis/ n. & v. (also 亦作 base jump) ●n.  a parachute jump from a fixed point (esp. a high building or promontory) rather than an aircraft 高处定点(从高层建筑或悬崖等)跳伞 ●v. intr.  perform such a jump 高处定点跳伞 □ BASE jumper  n.   [acronym from building, antenna-tower, span, earth, denoting the types of structure used]

baseless /ˈbeislis/ adj.  unfounded, groundless 无根据的，没理由的 □ baselessly  adv.  □ baselessness  n.  

baseline /ˈbeislain/ n.  1  a line used as a base or starting point 基线；起点 2 (in tennis, volleyball, etc.) the line marking each end of a court (网球、排球等的)底线

baseload /ˈbeisləʊd/ n. Brit. Electr.  the permanent load on power supplies etc. [英]【电】(电源等的)基底负载(或负荷)

baseman /ˈbeismən/ n. (pl. -men) Baseball  a fielder stationed near a base 【棒球】守垒员

basement /ˈbeism(ə)nt/ n.  the lowest floor of a building, usu. at least partly below ground level (通常至少部分位于地下的)地下室 [probably Dutch, perhaps from Italian basamento ‘column-base’]

basement membrane n. Anat.  a thin delicate membrane separating the epithelium from underlying tissue 【解】基膜

basenji /bəˈsendʒi/ n. (pl. basenjis)  a smallish hunting dog of a central African breed, which growls and yelps but does not bark 巴森吉猎犬；猴(面)犬(不会吠，产于非洲中部) [Bantu]

base pairing n. Biochem.  complementary binding by means of hydrogen bonds of a purine to a pyrimidine base in opposite strands of nucleic acids 【生化】碱基配对

base rate n. Brit.  the interest rate set by the Bank of England, used as the basis for other banks' rates [英] (英格兰银行制定的)基本利率

bases pl.  of BASE1 , BASIS 

base unit n.  a unit that is defined arbitrarily and not by combinations of other units 基本单位

bash /bæʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  strike bluntly or heavily 猛撞；重击b (often foll. by 常后跟 up) colloq.  attack violently [口]猛烈地攻击c (often foll. by 常后跟 down, in, etc.)  damage or break by striking forcibly 击毁d esp. N. Amer.  criticize severely [尤北美]严厉地批评 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  collide with 猛撞 ●n.  1  a heavy blow 猛击，重击 2 Brit. colloq.  an attempt [英口]尝试  had a bash at painting  尝试过画画 3 slang  a party or social event [俚语]社交聚会(或活动) [imitative, perhaps from bang, smash, dash, etc.]

bashful /ˈbæʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  shy, diffident, self-conscious 腼腆的，畏缩的，羞怯的 2  sheepish 绵羊般的，温顺的 □ bashfully  adv.  □ bashfulness  n.   [obsolete bash (v.), = ABASH]

basho /ˈbæʃəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  a sumo wrestling tournament 相扑锦标赛 [Japanese from ba ‘place’ + shō ‘victory, win’]

BASIC /ˈbeisik/ n.  a computer programming language using familiar English words, designed for beginners and widely used on microcomputers (计算机) BASIC 语言(初学者通用符号指令码) [Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code]

basic /ˈbeisik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  forming or serving as a base 基础的；根本的 2  fundamental 基本的 3  a  simplest or lowest in level 最简单的，最低水平的  basic pay  基本工资 basic requirements  最低要求b  vulgar 粗俗的  basic humour  庸俗幽黙 4 Chem.  having the properties of or containing a base 【化】碱性的，含碱的 5 Geol. (of volcanic rocks etc.) having less than 50 per cent silica 【地质】基性的，(火山岩等)含氧化硅不足 50% 的 6 Metallurgy  designating, involving, or resulting from steel-making processes using lime-rich refractories etc. 【冶金学】(在炼钢过程中用石灰成分多的耐火材料等)碱性的  basic slag  碱性炉渣 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the fundamental facts or principles 基本事实，基本原则 [BASE1 + -IC]

basically /ˈbeisik(ə)li/ adv.  1  fundamentally, essentially 基本上，本质上 2 (qualifying a clause 修饰从句)  in fact, actually 事实上，实际上

basic dye n.  a dye consisting of salts of organic bases 碱性染料

Basic English n.  a simplified form of English limited to 850 selected words, intended for international communication 基本英语(限定 850 个词，供国际交流用)

basic industry n.  an industry of fundamental economic importance 基础工业

basicity /beiˈsisiti/ n. Chem.  the number of protons with which a base will combine 【化】碱度，碱性

basic slag n.  slag containing phosphates formed as a by-product during steel manufacture and used as fertilizer 碱性炉渣

basic wage n.  1  a minimum wage earned before possible additional payments such as overtime etc. 基本工资(不包括加班费等) 2 Austral. & NZ  the minimum living wage, fixed by industrial tribunal [澳新]最低生活标准

basidium /bəˈsidiəm/ n. (pl. basidia /-diə/)  a microscopic spore-bearing structure produced by certain fungi (某些真菌的)担子 [modern Latin from Greek basidion, diminutive of BASIS]

Basil /ˈbæzl/   巴兹尔 [人名]

basil /ˈbæz(ə)l, -zil/ n.  an aromatic herb of the genus Ocimum, esp. O. basilicum (in full 全称 sweet basil), whose leaves are used as a flavouring in savoury dishes 罗勒属植物(尤指罗勒) [Middle English via Old French basile and medieval Latin basilicus from Greek basilikos ‘royal’]

basilar /ˈbæsilə/ adj.  of or at the base (esp. of the skull) (尤指颅骨)基部的，底部的 [modern Latin basilaris (as BASIS)]

basilica /bəˈsilikə, -ˈzil-/ n.  1  an ancient Roman public hall with an apse and colonnades, used as a law court and place of assembly 巴西利卡(古罗马大会堂，用作法院和会议大厅) 2  a similar building used as a Christian church 巴西利卡式基督教堂 3  a church having special privileges from the Pope (享有教皇特权的)天主教大教堂 □ basilican  adj.   [Latin from Greek basilikē (oikia, stoa) ‘royal (house, portico)’ from basileus ‘king’]

basilisk /ˈbæzilisk/ n.  1  a mythical reptile with a lethal breath and look 蛇怪 2  any small American lizard of the genus Basiliscus, with a crest from its back to its tail (王蜥属)王蜥 3 Heraldry 【纹章学】  = COCKATRICE 2  [Middle English via Latin basiliscus from Greek basiliskos ‘little king, serpent’]

basin /ˈbeis(ə)n/ n.  1  a  = WASHBASIN b  a wide round open container, esp. one for preparing food in or for holding water (尤指盛食品、水的)盆，水盆，面盆 2  a hollow rounded depression 水洼，水坑 3  any sheltered area of water where boats can moor safely 船坞 4  a round valley 盆地 5  an area drained by rivers and tributaries 流域 6 Geol. 【地质】  a  a rock formation where the strata dip towards the centre 凹地b  an accumulation of rock strata formed in this dip as a result of subsidence and sedimentation (由沉积形成的)盘层 □ basinful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English via Old French bacin from medieval Latin ba(s)cinus, perhaps from Gaulish]

basipetal /beiˈsipit(ə)l/ adj. Bot. (of each new part produced) developing nearer the base than the previous one did 【植】(新生出的部分)向基的，向基部生长的 □ basipetally  adv.   [BASIS + Latin petere ‘seek’]

basis /ˈbeisis/ n. (pl. bases /-si:z/)  1  the foundation or support of something, esp. an idea or argument (尤指思想、辩论的)基础，根据 2  the main or determining principle or ingredient 基本原则，主要部分  on a purely friendly basis  按纯粹友好的原则 3  the starting point for a discussion etc. (讨论等的)起点 [Latin from Greek, = BASE1]

bask /bɑ:sk/ v. intr.  1  sit or lie back lazily in warmth and light (坐或躺着)取暖；晒太阳  basking in the sun  晒太阳 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  derive great pleasure (from) (从…)得到极大乐趣  basking in glory  处于一片赞扬之中 [Middle English, apparently from Old Norse: related to BATHE]

basket /ˈbɑ:skit/ n.  1  a container made of interwoven cane etc. (用籐条等编制的)篮，篓，筐 2  a container resembling this 篮状容器 3  the amount held by a basket 一篮(或一篓、一筐)之量 4  the goal in basketball, or a goal scored (篮球的)篮筐；投篮得分 5 Econ.  a group or range (of currencies) 【经】一组(货币) 6 Brit. euphem. colloq.  bastard [英婉] [口]杂种，私生子 □ basketful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Anglo-French & Old French basket, Anglo-Latin baskettum, of unknown origin]

basketball /ˈbɑ:skitbɔ:l/ n.  1  a game between two teams of five, in which goals are scored by making the ball drop through hooped nets fixed high up at each end of a court 篮球运动 2  the ball used in this game 篮球

basket case n. colloq. offens. [口] [冒犯]  1  a person who has lost both arms and legs 失去四肢的人 2  something regarded as hopeless, esp. a bankrupt country or a helpless person 处于无助境况的人(或事) (尤指国家崩溃、个人无能力)

basket-maker n.  a person who makes baskets 编篮子的人 □ basket-making  n.  

basketry /ˈbɑ:skitri/ n.  1  the art of making baskets 编篮工艺 2  baskets collectively 篮子(总称)

basket weave n.  a weave resembling that of a basket 方平织法

basketwork /ˈbɑ:skitwɜ:k/ n.  1  material woven in the style of a basket 编织物品 2  the art of making this 编织艺术

basking shark n.  a very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, which feeds on plankton and often lies near the surface of the sea 姥鲨

basmati /bæsˈmɑ:ti, -z-/ n. (in full 全称 basmati rice)  a kind of long-grain Indian rice, with a delicate nutty flavour 印度香米 [Hindi, = fragrant]

basophilic /beizə(ʊ)ˈfilik/ adj. Biol. (of a cell etc.) readily stained with basic dyes 【生】(细胞等)嗜碱性的

Basque /bæsk, bɑ:sk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people of the western Pyrenees 巴斯克人 2  the language of this people 巴斯克语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Basques or their language (有关)巴斯克人的；(有关)巴斯克语的 [French from Latin Vasco -onis]

basque /bæsk, bɑ:sk/ n.  a close-fitting bodice extending from the shoulders to the waist and often with a short continuation below waist level 巴斯克(女子紧身)衫 [origin unknown: perhaps allusively from BASQUE, referring to Basque dress]

bas-relief /ˈbæsrili:f, ˈbɑ:(s)-/ n. Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = low relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in low relief 浅浮雕品(雕刻等) [earlier basse relieve from Italian basso-rilievo ‘low relief’: later altered to French form]

bass1 /beis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the lowest adult male singing voice 男低音b  a singer with this voice 男低音歌手c  a part written for it 男低音部 2  the lowest part in harmonized music 和声乐曲中的最低部分 3  a  an instrument that is the lowest in pitch in its family 低音乐器b  a player of such an instrument 低音乐器弹奏者 4 colloq. [口]  a  a bass guitar or double bass 低音吉他，低音提琴b  a player of this instrument 低音吉他(或提琴)弹奏者 5  the low-frequency output of a radio, record player, etc., corresponding to the bass in music (收音机、电唱机等的)低频效果 ●adj.  1  lowest in musical pitch 低音的 2  deep-sounding 声音低沉的 □ bassist  n. (in sense 4b of n. 用于名词释义 4b)   [alteration of BASE2 influenced by BASSO]

bass2 /bæs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or basses)  1  the common European freshwater perch 巴斯鱼；淡水鲈鱼 2  a  a similar marine fish, Dicentrarchus labrax of European waters 欧洲狼鲈b  a related N. American fish of the genus Morone 北美石鮨属鱼 3 (in full 全称 sea bass)  a similar marine fish of the family Serranidae, esp. of the genus Centropristis 海鲈(尤指锯鮨属鱼) 4 (in full 全称 black bass)  an American freshwater fish of the genus Micropterus (北美)黑鲈 [earlier barse from Old English bœrs]

bass3 /bæs/ n.  = BAST  [alteration of BAST]

bass clef n.  a clef placing F below middle C on the second highest line of the staff 低音谱号， F 谱号

basset /ˈbæsit/ n. (in full 全称 basset-hound)  1  a sturdy hunting dog of a breed with a long body, short legs, and big ears 短脚猎狗 2  this breed 短脚猎狗种犬 [French, diminutive of bas basse ‘low’: see BASE2]

basset-horn /ˈbæsithɔ:n/ n.  an alto clarinet in F, with a dark tone 巴塞特(单簧)管 [German, translation of French cor de bassette, from Italian corno di bassetto from corno ‘horn’ + bassetto, diminutive of basso BASE2]

bassinet /bæsiˈnet/ n.  a child's wicker cradle, usu. with a hood 婴儿摇篮(通常有盖) [French, diminutive of bassin BASIN]

basso /ˈbæsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or bassi /-si/)  a singer with a bass voice 男低音歌手 [Italian, = BASS1]

bassoon /bəˈsu:n/ n.  1  a  a bass instrument of the oboe family, with a double reed 巴松管，大管，低音管b  a player of this instrument 巴松管演奏者 2  an organ stop with the quality of a bassoon 有巴松效果的音栓 □ bassoonist  n. (in sense 1a 用于释义 1a)   [French basson from bas BASS1]

basso profundo /prəˈfʌndəʊ/ n. (pl. basso profundos or bassi profundi /-di/)  a bass singer with an exceptionally low range 深沉男低音歌手 [Italian: BASSO + profondo ‘deep’]

basso-relievo /ˌbæsəʊriˈli:vəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 basso-rilievo /-riˈljeivəʊ/) (pl. -os) Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = low relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in low relief 浅浮雕品(雕刻等) [Italian basso-rilievo]

bass viol n.  1  a  a viola da gamba 古大提琴b  a player of this instrument 古大提琴演奏者 2 US  a double bass [美]低音提琴

basswood /ˈbæswʊd/ n.  1  the American lime, Tilia americana (美洲)椴树 2  the wood of this tree 椴木 [BASS3 + WOOD]

bast /bæst/ n.  the inner bark of lime, or other flexible fibrous bark, used as fibre in matting etc. (树木的)韧皮部(作为铺地等用的纤维) [Old English bœst, from Germanic]

bastard /ˈbɑ:stəd, ˈbæst-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 archaic or offens.  a person born of parents not married to each other [古义] [冒犯]私生子，非婚生子 2 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  an unpleasant or despicable person 讨厌的人，可鄙的人b  a person of a specified kind 家伙，某一特定类型的人  poor bastard  可怜的家伙 rotten bastard  讨厌的家伙 lucky bastard  幸运的人 3 coarse slang  a difficult or awkward thing, undertaking, etc. [粗俗俚语]麻烦(讨厌)的事情(任务等) ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1 archaic or offens.  born of parents not married to each other; illegitimate [古义] [冒犯]私生的，野种的；不合法的 2 (of things 事物) : a  unauthorized, counterfeit 非权威的，假冒的b  hybrid 杂种的 □ bastardy  n. (in sense 1 of n. archaic 用于名词古义释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin bastardus, perhaps from bastum ‘packsaddle’: cf. Old French fils de bas(t) ‘packsaddle son’ (son of a mule driver etc. using a packsaddle for a pillow)]

bastardize /ˈbɑ:stədaiz, ˈbæst-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  declare (a person) illegitimate 宣告(某人)为私生子 2  corrupt, debase 使退化，使变低劣 □ bastardization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

baste1 /beist/ v. tr.  moisten (meat) with gravy or melted fat during cooking (烤炙时)在(肉上)滴(或抹)油脂 [15th c.: origin unknown]

baste2 /beist/ v. tr.  stitch loosely together in preparation for sewing; tack 粗缝；用粗缝针脚缝 [Middle English from Old French bastir ‘sew lightly’, ultimately from Germanic]

baste3 /beist/ v. tr.  beat soundly; thrash 狠揍，鞭打 [perhaps figurative use of BASTE1]

bastille /bæˈsti:l/ n. hist.  a fortress or prison [史义]监狱，堡塔 [Middle English via Old French from Provençal bastir ‘build’: the name of the fortress and prison in Paris, destroyed in 1789]

bastinado /bæstiˈneidəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  punishment by beating with a stick on the soles of the feet (打脚掌的)笞刑 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  punish (a person) in this way 对(某人)用笞刑 [Spanish bastonada from bastón BATON]

bastion /ˈbæstiən/ n.  1  a projecting part of a fortification built at an angle of, or against the line of, a wall 棱堡 2  a thing regarded as protecting 设防工事；堡垒  bastion of freedom  自由的堡垒 3  a natural rock formation resembling a bastion 棱堡状岩层 [French from Italian bastione, from bastire ‘build’]

basuco /bəˈsu:kəʊ/ n.  a highly addictive impure form of cocaine 巴祖可(一种不纯可卡因，易上瘾) [Colombian Spanish]

bat1 /bæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an implement with a handle, usu. of wood and with a flat or curved surface, used for hitting balls in games (通常木制)球拍，球板 2 Cricket  a turn at using this 【板球】轮到击球 3  a batsman, esp. in cricket, usu. described in some way (尤指在板球运动中通常具有某种打法的)击球手  an excellent bat  一位优秀击球手 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an object like a table tennis bat used to guide aircraft when taxiing 球拍状手控信号盘 ●v. (batted, batting)  1 tr.  hit with or as with a bat (似)用球拍打 2 intr.  take a turn at using a bat; have an innings at cricket, baseball, etc. 用球拍击球；(在板球、棒球等运动中)轮到击球 □ bat around   1 slang  potter aimlessly [俚语]闲逛 2  discuss (an idea or proposal) 讨论(意见、建议)□ off one's own bat  Brit.  unprompted, unaided [英]自发的；没有援助的，全凭自己的□ right off the bat  N. Amer.  immediately [北美]马上，立即 [Old English batt ‘club’, perhaps partly from Old French batte, from battre ‘strike’]

bat2 /bæt/ n.  1  any mouselike nocturnal mammal of the order Chiroptera, capable of flight by means of membranous wings extending from its forelimbs (翼手目)蝙蝠 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 old bat) derog.  a woman, esp. regarded as unattractive or unpleasant [贬] (尤指难看的)妇女 □ have bats in the belfry   be eccentric or crazy 行为乖张，想法荒诞□ like a bat out of hell   very fast 极快地 [16th c., alteration of Middle English bakke from Scandinavian]

bat3 /bæt/ v. tr. (batted, batting)   □ not (or never) bat an eyelid (or eye)  colloq.  show no reaction or emotion [口]没有反应；不露感情 [variant of obsolete bate ‘flutter’]

batch /bætʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a number of things or persons forming a group or dealt with together 一批，一群，一组 2  an instalment 一期，一集  have sent off the latest batch  已发出了最新的一期 3  the loaves produced at one baking 一炉烘出的面包 4 (作 attrib.)  using or dealt with in batches, not as a continuous flow 分批的  batch production  分批生产 5 Computing  a group of records processed as a single unit 【计算】(一组)批处理数据 ●v. tr.  arrange or deal with in batches 成批处理；批处理 [Middle English, ultimately from Old English bacan BAKE]

batch processing n.  1  the performance of an industrial process on material in batches 成批处理 2 Computing  the processing of previously collected data or jobs in batches, esp. automatically 【计算】(尤指自动)批处理

bate /beit/ n. (also 亦作 bait) Brit. slang  a rage; a cross mood [英] [俚语]狂怒，怒气冲冲  is in an awful bate  在大发雷霆 [BAIT = state of baited person]

bateau /ˈbætəʊ/ n. (pl. bateaux /-əʊz/)  a light riverboat, esp. of the flat-bottomed kind used in Canada (尤指加拿大的一种)平底船；轻舟 [French, = boat]

bated /ˈbeitid/ adj.   □ with bated breath   very anxiously 非常担心 [past part. of obsolete bate (v.) ‘restrain’, from ABATE]

bateleur /ˈbæt(ə)lɜ:/ n.  a short-tailed African eagle, Terathopius ecaudatus (非洲)短尾鹫 [French, = juggler]

Batesian mimicry /ˈbeitsiən/ n. Zool.  mimicry in which an edible animal is protected by its resemblance to one avoided by predators 【动】贝茨氏拟态 [H.W. Bates, English naturalist d. 1892, + -IAN]

bath /bɑ:θ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. baths /bɑ:ðz/)  1  a  a container for liquid, usu. water, used for immersing and washing the body (通常盛水的)浴缸，浴盆b  this with its contents 放了水的浴盆  your bath is ready  洗澡水给你准备好了 2  the act or process of immersing the body for washing or therapy 洗澡，沐浴  have a bath  洗一个澡 take a bath  洗一个澡 3  a  a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed, esp. when undergoing a process such as film developing etc. (尤指胶片显影等用的)药液盆b  this with its contents 盛有药液的浴器 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a building with baths or a swimming pool, usu. open to the public (通常向公众开放、具有游泳池的)公共澡堂 5 esp. N. Amer.  a bathroom [尤北美]浴室 ●v.  1 tr.  wash (esp. a person) in a bath (尤指给某人)洗澡 2 intr.  take a bath 洗个澡 [Old English bœth, from Germanic]

Bath bun /bɑ:θ/ n. Brit.  a round yeast bun with currants, topped with granules of sugar [英] (顶有糖霜的)巴思圆面包，果子面包 [Bath in S. England, where it was originally made]

bath chair /bɑ:θ/ n. esp. hist.  a kind of wheelchair for invalids [尤史义]巴思椅；轮椅 [Bath in S. England, named for its hot springs, thought to have curative powers]

bath cube n. Brit.  a cube of compacted bath salts [英]压缩浴盐块

bathe /beið/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  immerse oneself in water, esp. (Brit.) to swim or (esp. N. Amer.) to wash oneself 浸泡；[尤英]游泳；[尤北美]洗澡，沐浴 2 tr.  a  immerse in or wash or treat with liquid esp. for cleansing or medicinal purposes (尤指以净身或治疗为目的的)浸洗b N. Amer.  wash (esp. a person) in a bath [北美] (尤指给人)洗澡 3 tr. (of sunlight etc.) envelop (太阳光等)包住，沐浴 ●n.  an act of immersing oneself or part of the body in liquid, esp. to swim or cleanse 浸泡(尤指游泳或净身) [Old English bathian, from Germanic]

bather /ˈbeiðə/ n.  1  a person who bathes 洗澡的人 2 (in pl. 用复数) Austral.  a bathing costume [澳]游泳衣，泳装

bathhouse /ˈbɑ:θhaʊs/ n.  a building with baths for public use 澡堂

bathing suit n. (also Brit. [亦英] bathing costume)  a garment worn for swimming 游泳衣，泳装

bath mat n.  1  a mat for standing on after getting out of the bath 浴室地垫 2  a rubber mat put in the bottom of a bath to prevent slipping 浴盆底垫

batholith /ˈbæθəliθ/ n.  a dome of igneous rock extending inwards to an unknown depth 岩基 [German from Greek bathos ‘depth’ + -LITH]

Bath Oliver /bɑ:θ ˈɒlivə/ n. Brit. propr.  a kind of savoury biscuit [英] [商标]巴思的奥利弗饼干 [Dr W. Oliver of Bath (d. 1764), who invented it]

bathometer /bəˈθɒmitə/ n.  an instrument used to measure the depth of water 水深测量器 [Greek bathos ‘depth’ + -METER]

bathos /ˈbeiθɒs/ n.  1  an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the absurd or trivial 突降，由高尚突然降到荒诞渺小 2  a commonplace or ridiculous feature offsetting an otherwise sublime situation; an anticlimax 高贵的情景突然降到平庸可笑；突降法 □ bathetic  /bəˈθetik/ adj.  □ bathotic  /bəˈθɒtik/ adj.   [Greek, = depth]

bathrobe /ˈbɑ:θrəʊb/ n.  a loose coat usu. of towelling worn esp. before and after taking a bath; a dressing gown (通常为毛巾质地、洗澡前后穿的)浴衣；睡袍

bathroom /ˈbɑ:θru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a  a room containing a bath and usu. other washing facilities (通常还包括其他洗浴用具的)浴室b  bathroom fitments or units esp. as sold together (通常一起售出的)整体浴室 2 esp. N. Amer.  a room containing a lavatory [尤北美]厕所间

bath salts n. pl.  soluble salts used for softening or scenting bathwater 浴盐

bathtub /ˈbɑ:θtʌb/ n.  = BATHn. 1 

bathwater /ˈbɑ:θwɔ:tə/ n.  the water in a bath 洗澡水

bathymetry /bəˈθimitri/ n.  the measurement of depth of water in seas, lakes, etc. (海、湖等的)水深测量 □ bathymeter  n.  □ bathymetric  /bæθiˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek bathus ‘deep’ + -METRY]

bathyscaphe /ˈbæθiskæf/ n.  a manned vessel for deep-sea diving (载人)深水探海艇 [Greek bathus ‘deep’ + skaphos ‘ship’]

bathysphere /ˈbæθisfiə/ n.  a spherical vessel for deep-sea observation 探海球，深海球形观测器 [Greek bathus ‘deep’ + SPHERE]

batik /ˈbætik, bəˈti:k/ n.  a method (originally used in Java) of producing coloured designs on textiles by applying wax to the parts to be left uncoloured; a piece of cloth treated in this way (源于爪哇的)巴蒂克印花法，蜡防印花法；蜡防印花布 [Javanese, = painted]

batiste /bəˈti:st/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fine linen or cotton cloth (上等)细亚麻布，细棉布 ●adj.  made of batiste 细亚麻布做的，细棉布做的 [French (earlier batiche), perhaps related to battre BATTER1]

batman /ˈbætmən/ n. (pl. -men) Mil. (in the British forces) an attendant serving an officer 【军】(英国部队中的)传令兵，勤务兵 [Old French bat, bast from medieval Latin bastum ‘packsaddle’ + MAN]

baton /ˈbæt(ə)n/ n.  1  a thin stick used by a conductor to direct an orchestra, choir, etc. (指挥乐队、合唱队等用的)指挥棒 2 Athletics  a short stick or tube carried and passed on by the runners in a relay race 【竞技】(接力赛中用的)接力棒 3  a long stick carried and twirled by a drum major (军乐队指挥用的)金属指挥杖 4  a staff of office or authority, esp. a field marshal's 官杖，权杖(尤指陆军元帅节杖) 5 esp. Brit.  a police officer's truncheon [尤英]警棍 6 Heraldry  a narrow truncated bend 【纹章学】(盾形纹章从左上方至右下方的)短棒状条纹 7  a short bar replacing some figures on a clock-face etc. (钟表面等上代表数字的)短棒状线条 [French bɑˆton, baston, ultimately from Late Latin bastum ‘stick’]

baton round n. Brit.  a rubber or plastic bullet used esp. in riot control [英] (尤用于制止暴乱的)橡皮子弹，塑料子弹

batrachian /bəˈtreikiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a frog or toad; an anuran 蛙；蟾蜍；无尾目动物 ●adj.  of or relating to frogs or toads (有关)蛙的；(有关)蟾蜍的 [Greek batrakhos ‘frog’]

bats /bæts/ predic. adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯疯癫癫的 [from the phrase have bats in the belfry: see BAT2]

batsman /ˈbætsmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who bats or is batting, esp. in cricket (尤指板球运动中的)击球手 2  a signaller using bats to guide aircraft on the ground (地面上用球拍状手控信号盘指挥飞机降落的)信号员 □ batsmanship  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  

Batswana  see 见 TSWANA 

battalion /bəˈtæliən/ n.  1  a large body of troops ready for battle, esp. an infantry unit forming part of a brigade (尤指步兵)营 2  a large group of people pursuing a common aim or sharing a major undertaking (有共同目的、从事共同工作的)队伍 [French bataillon from Italian battaglione, from battaglia BATTLE]

battels /ˈbæt(ə)lz/ n. pl. Brit.  an Oxford college account for expenses, esp. for board and the supply of provisions [英] (牛津大学)学杂费账(尤指膳宿费账) [perhaps from obsolete battle (v.) ‘fatten’ from obsolete battle (adj.) ‘nutritious’: cf. BATTEN2]

batten1 /ˈbæt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long flat strip of squared timber or metal, esp. used to hold something in place or as a fastening against a wall etc. (尤指压住物品或固定在墙等上的)板条，压条 2  a strip of wood used for clamping the boards of a door etc. (固定门板等用的)木条 3 Naut.  a strip of wood or metal for securing a tarpaulin over a ship's hatchway 【海】(固定舱口油布用的)木板条(或金属条) ●v. tr.  strengthen or fasten with battens 用板条加固(或固定) □ batten down the hatches   1 Naut.  secure a ship's tarpaulins 【海】封舱 2  prepare for a difficulty or crisis 对困难(或危机)做好准备 [Old French batant, part. of batre ‘beat’, from Latin battuere]

batten2 /ˈbæt(ə)n/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  thrive or prosper at another's expense 损人利己，自肥 [Old Norse batna ‘get better’ from bati ‘advantage’]

Battenberg /ˈbæt(ə)nbɜ:ɡ/ n. esp. Brit.  a kind of oblong cake, usu. of two colours of sponge and covered with marzipan [尤英] (通常双色、上有杏仁糖霜的)椭圆形松糕 [Battenberg in Germany]

batter1 /ˈbætə/ v.  1  a tr.  strike repeatedly with hard blows, esp. so as to cause visible damage (尤指引起有形损失)击毁，捣毁b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, at, etc.)  strike repeated blows; pound heavily and insistently 连续击打，猛击  batter at the door  使劲砸门 2 tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  a  handle roughly, esp. over a long period (尤指长时间)粗鲁使用b  censure or criticize severely 抨击，严厉批评 □ batterer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French baterer and Old French batre ‘beat’ from Latin battuere]

batter2 /ˈbætə/ n.  1  a fluid mixture of flour, egg, and milk or water, used in cooking, esp. for pancakes and for coating food before frying (面粉、鸡蛋、牛奶和水调制的)面糊 2 Printing  an area of damaged type 【印刷】字面磨损处 [Middle English via Anglo-French batour from Old French bateüre, from batre: see BATTER1]

batter3 /ˈbætə/ n. Sport  a player batting, esp. in baseball 【运动】(尤指棒球)击球员

batter4 /ˈbætə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wall etc. with a sloping face (墙等)内倾 2  a receding slope 后倾斜 ●v. intr.  have a receding slope 向后倾斜 [16th c.: origin unknown]

battered /ˈbætəd/ adj. (esp. of fish) coated in batter and deep-fried (尤指鱼)裹面炸的

battered baby n.  an infant that has suffered repeated violence from adults, esp. its parents (尤指受父母虐待的)受虐儿童

battered wife n.  a wife subjected to repeated violence by her husband (常受丈夫毒打的)受虐妻子

battering ram n.  1  a hist.  a heavy beam, originally with an end in the form of a carved ram's head, used in breaching fortifications [史义]攻城槌(一根大梁木，一头刻成山羊头状)b  a similar object, used to break down doors 撞门槌，大槌 2  a means of forceful persuasion 强迫人接受的手段

battery /ˈbæt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a usu. portable container of a cell or cells carrying an electric charge, as a source of current (通常为便携式)电池；电池组 2 (often 常作 attrib.) esp. Brit.  a series of cages for the intensive breeding and rearing of poultry or cattle [尤英]层架式鸡笼，层架式家禽饲养笼，饲养成批菜牛的牛舍 3  a set of similar units of equipment, esp. connected (尤指相连的)一套，一组 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an extensive series, sequence, or range 一系列，一序列，一批 5  a series of tests, esp. psychological 成套检测(尤指心理) 6  a  a fortified emplacement for heavy guns 炮台b  an artillery unit of guns, men, and vehicles 炮组；炮兵连；辎重车队 7 Law  an act, including touching, inflicting unlawful personal violence on another person, even if no physical harm is done 【法律】殴打 8 Baseball  the pitcher and the catcher 【棒球】投手；接手 [French batterie from batre, battre ‘strike’ from Latin battuere]

batting /ˈbætiŋ/ n.  1  the action of hitting with a bat 拍打 2  cotton wadding prepared in sheets for use in quilts etc. (用在被中等的)棉花胎，棉套，棉絮

batting average n.  1 Cricket  a batsman's runs scored per completed innings 【板球】每局的得分 2 Baseball  a batter's safe hits per time at bat 【棒球】安全打(率)

batting order n.  the order in which people act or take their turn, esp. of batsmen in cricket or baseball (尤指在板球或棒球运动中的)击球次序

battle /ˈbæt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a prolonged fight between large organized armed forces 战斗，战役 2  a contest; a prolonged or difficult struggle 竞赛，奋斗，斗争  life is a constant battle  生活就是不停奋斗 a battle of wits  智斗 ●v.  1 intr.  struggle; fight persistently 奋斗，斗争  battled against the elements  同自然环境的斗争 battled for women's rights  为妇女的权利而斗争 2 tr.  fight (one's way etc.) 奋力打开(一条路等) 3 tr. N. Amer.  engage in battle with [北美]与…战斗，作战 □ half the battle   the key to the success of an undertaking 成功的关键□ battler  n.   [Middle English from Old French bataille, ultimately from Late Latin battualia ‘gladiatorial exercises’, from Latin battuere ‘beat’]

battleaxe /ˈbæt(ə)læks/ n.  1  a large axe used in ancient warfare 战斧 2 colloq.  a formidable or domineering older woman [口]悍妇，专权的老女人

battlebus /ˈbæt(ə)lbʌs/ n.  a bus or coach used as a mobile operational centre during an election campaign 竞选流动车，选举巡回车

battlecruiser /ˈbæt(ə)lkru:zə/ n. hist.  a heavy-gunned ship faster and more lightly armoured than a battleship [史义]战列巡洋舰

battle-cry n.  a cry or slogan of participants in a battle or contest 战斗中的喊杀声；比赛中的加油声(或口号)

battledore /ˈbæt(ə)ldɔ:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a (in full 全称 battledore and shuttlecock)  a game played with a shuttlecock and rackets 板羽球游戏b  the racket used in this 板羽球球板 2  a kind of wooden utensil like a paddle, formerly used in washing, baking, etc. (旧时用于洗衣、烘烤等的)洗衣板，烘烤板 [Middle English, perhaps from Provençal batedor ‘beater’ from batre ‘beat’]

battledress /ˈbæt(ə)ldres/ n. archaic [古义]  = COMBAT DRESS 

battle fatigue n.  = COMBAT FATIGUE 

battlefield /ˈbæt(ə)lfi:ld/ n. (also 亦作 battleground /-ɡraʊnd/)  the piece of ground on which a battle is or was fought 战场

battlement /ˈbæt(ə)lm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a parapet with recesses along the top of a wall, as part of a fortification 城垛，雉堞 2  a section of roof enclosed by this 围有雉碟的屋顶  walking on the battlements  在房顶平台上走 □ battlemented  adj.   [Old French bataillier ‘furnish with ramparts’ + -MENT]

battle royal n. (pl. battles royal)  1  a battle in which several combatants or all available forces engage; a free fight 恶战，混战 2  a heated argument 激烈的争论

battleship /ˈbæt(ə)lʃip/ n.  a warship with the heaviest armour and the largest guns 战列舰

battue /bəˈt(j)u:/ n.  1  a  the driving of game towards hunters by beaters 哄赶猎物b  a shooting party arranged in this way 哄赶狩猎 2  wholesale slaughter 大屠杀 [French, fem. past part. of battre ‘beat’, from Latin battuere]

batty /ˈbæti/ adj. (battier, battiest) slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的 □ battily  adv.  □ battiness  n.   [BAT2 + -Y1]

batwing /ˈbætwiŋ/ attrib. adj. (esp. of a sleeve or a flame) shaped like the wing of a bat (尤指袖子或火焰)蝙蝠式的

batwoman /ˈbætwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female attendant serving an officer in the British women's services (英国军队中的)女官员；女办事员 [as BATMAN + WOMAN]

bauble /ˈbɔ:b(ə)l/ n.  1  a showy trinket or toy of little value 小装饰品；小玩意儿 2  a baton formerly used as an emblem by jesters (旧时用作小丑标志的)笨伯杖 [Middle English from Old French ba(u)bel ‘child's toy’, of unknown origin]

baud /bəʊd, bɔ:d/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or bauds) Computing etc. 【计算】  1  a unit used to express the speed of electronic code-signals, corresponding to one information unit per second 波特(表示电码传送速度的单位，即每秒传送一个符号) 2 (loosely) a unit of data-transmission speed of one bit per second 波特(数据传送单位，即每秒一比特) [J. M. E. Baudot, French engineer d. 1903]

Bauhaus /ˈbaʊhaʊs/ n.  1  a German school of architectural design (1919 － 33) (德国)包豪斯建筑学院 2  its principles, based on functionalism and development of existing skills 包豪斯建筑学派 [German from Bau ‘building’ + Haus ‘house’]

baulk /bɔ:lk, bɔ:k/ v. & n. (also esp. US [亦尤美] balk) ●v.  1 intr.  a  refuse to go on 拒绝继续前行b (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  hesitate 犹豫不决，畏缩 2 tr.  a  thwart, hinder 妨碍，阻止b  disappoint 使失望，使落空 3 tr.  a  miss, let slip (a chance etc.) 失去，错过(机会等)b  ignore, shirk 忽视；逃避 ●n.  1  a hindrance; a stumbling block 阻碍；障碍 2  a  a roughly squared timber beam 方木，方梁b  a tie-beam of a house 系梁，梁木 3 Billiards  etc. the D-shaped area on a billiard table from which a player begins a game 【台球】开球面，开球区 4 Baseball  an illegal action made by a pitcher 【棒球】投球手做的违例动作 5  a ridge left unploughed between furrows 垄，埂 [Old English balc via Old Norse bɑˊlkr from Germanic]

baulky /ˈbɔ:lki, ˈbɔ:ki/ adj. (also esp. US [亦尤美] balky) (-ier, -iest)  reluctant, perverse 不情愿的，倔强的 [BAULK + -Y1]

bauxite /ˈbɔ:ksait/ n.  a claylike mineral containing varying proportions of alumina, the chief source of aluminium 铝土矿 □ bauxitic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.   [French from Les Baux near Arles in SE France (where it was found) + -ITE1]

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Bavaria in Germany, its people, or their dialect (有关)巴伐利亚的；(有关)巴伐利亚人的；(有关)巴伐利亚方言的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Bavaria 巴伐利亚人，巴伐利亚居民 2  the dialect of German used there 巴伐利亚方言

bawd /bɔ:d/ n.  a woman who runs a brothel 鸨母，妓院老板 [Middle English bawdstrot from Old French baudetrot, baudestroyt ‘procuress’]

bawdy /ˈbɔ:di/ adj. & n. ●adj. (bawdier, bawdiest)  humorously indecent or coarse 粗俗的，下流的 ●n.  bawdy talk or writing 猥亵的话语(或文章) □ bawdily  adv.  □ bawdiness  n.   [BAWD + -Y1]

bawdy house n.  a brothel 妓院

bawl /bɔ:l/ v.  1 tr.  speak or call out noisily 声嘶力竭地喊叫 2 intr.  weep loudly 放声大哭 □ bawl out  colloq.  reprimand angrily [口]大声训斥 [imitative: cf. medieval Latin baulare ‘bark’, Icelandic baula (Swedish böla) ‘to low’]

bay1 /bei/ n.  1  a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards 海湾 2  a recess in a mountain range 山脉的凹进处 [Middle English via Old French baie from Old Spanish bahia]

bay2 /bei/ n.  1 (in full 全称 bay laurel or bay tree)  a laurel, Laurus nobilis, having deep green leaves and purple berries also called 亦称作 sweet bay 月桂树 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a wreath made of bay leaves, for a victor or poet 桂冠；荣誉 [Old French baie from Latin baca ‘berry’]

bay3 /bei/ n.  1  a space created by a window-line projecting outwards from a wall (装窗的)房间突出部分 2  a recess; a section of wall between buttresses or columns, esp. in the nave of a church etc. 壁凹；(尤指教堂等中殿的)分隔间 3  a compartment 舱  bomb bay  炸弹舱 4  an area specially allocated or marked off 专用的分隔区  sickbay  船上病室，船上医疗室 loading bay  装货场 5 Brit.  the terminus of a branch line at a railway station also having through lines, usu. at the side of an outer platform [英] (通常位于外站台边的)尽头式站台(线) [Middle English via Old French baie, from ba(y)er ‘gape’, from medieval Latin batare]

bay4 /bei/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. of a horse) dark reddish brown (尤指马)深红色的，枣红色的 ●n.  a bay horse with a black mane and tail (黑鬃黑尾)枣红马 [Old French bai from Latin badius]

bay5 /bei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (esp. of a large dog) bark or howl loudly and plaintively (尤指大狗)狂吠，大叫 2 tr.  bay at 对…大叫 ●n.  the sound of baying, esp. in chorus from hounds in close pursuit 狗叫声(尤指追猎时狗的齐叫声) □ at bay   1  cornered, apparently unable to escape 被围地，逃不了地 2  in a desperate situation 处于绝境□ bring to bay   gain on in pursuit; trap 把猎物围住、困住□ hold (or keep) at bay   hold off (a pursuer) 使(追捕者)无法接近□ stand at bay   turn to face one's pursuers 作困兽斗 [Middle English via Old French bai, baiier ‘bark’ from Italian baiare, of imitative origin]

bayberry /ˈbeiberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a N. American shrub, Myrica cerifera, having aromatic leaves and bearing berries covered in a wax coating Also called 亦称作 wax myrtle 宾州杨梅 [BAY2 + BERRY]

bay laurel  see 见 BAY2 1 

bay leaf n.  the aromatic (usu. dried) leaf of the bay tree, used in cooking (通常干的)月桂叶

bayonet /ˈbeiənit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stabbing blade attachable to the muzzle of a rifle 枪上的刺刀 2  an electrical or other fitting engaged by being pushed into a socket and twisted 卡栓，卡钉 ●v. tr. (bayoneted, bayoneting)  stab with a bayonet 用刺刀刺 [French baïonnette, perhaps from Bayonne in SW France, where they were first made]

bayou /ˈbaiu:/ n.  a marshy offshoot of a river etc. in the southern US (美国南部河流等的)牛轭湖，长沼 [Louisiana French, from Choctaw bayuk]

bay rum n.  a perfume, esp. for the hair, distilled originally from bayberry leaves in rum (尤指用于头发的)月桂油

Bay State n. US  Massachusetts [美]海湾州(美国马萨诸塞州的别称)

bay tree  see 见 BAY2 1 

bay window n.  a window built into a bay 凸窗

bazaar /bəˈzɑ:/ n.  1  a market in an oriental country (一些东方国家中的)街市，集市，市场 2  a fund-raising sale of goods, esp. for charity 募捐销售(尤指义卖) 3  a large shop selling fancy goods etc. (卖花哨商品等的)大商场 [Persian bɑˉzɑˉr, probably through Turkish and Italian]

bazooka /bəˈzu:kə/ n.  1  a tubular short-range rocket launcher used against tanks (巴祖卡反坦克)火箭筒 2  a crude trombone-like musical instrument 简陋长号(一种乐器) [apparently from bazoo ‘mouth’, of unknown origin]

B. & B. abbr. (also 亦作 b. & b.)  bed and breakfast [缩略]住宿及早餐；膳宿

BB abbr. Brit.  double-black (pencil lead) [缩略] [英] 2B(铅笔心)

BBC abbr.  British Broadcasting Corporation [缩略]英国广播公司

BBC English n.  English as supposedly pronounced by BBC announcers 英国广播公司播音员讲的英语

BBFC abbr.  British Board of Film Classification (formerly British Board of Film Censors) [缩略]英国电影分类局(从前叫英国电影审查局)

bbl. abbr.  barrels (esp. of oil) [缩略] (尤指石油)桶

BBQ abbr. [缩略]  barbecue 

BBSRC abbr. (in the UK) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [缩略] (英国)生物工艺学与生物科学研究委员会

BC abbr.  British Columbia [缩略] (加拿大)不列颠哥伦比亚省

BC abbr. (of a date) before Christ [缩略] (时间)公元前

BCD n. Computing  a code representing decimal numbers as a string of binary digits 【计算】二进制编码的十进制 [abbreviation of binary coded decimal]

BCE abbr.  before the Common Era [缩略]公元前

B-cell n. Physiol. 【生理】  = B-LYMPHOCYTE 

BCG abbr.  Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an antituberculosis vaccine [缩略]卡介菌

BD abbr.  Bachelor of Divinity [缩略]神学士

Bde abbr. [缩略]  Brigade 

bdellium /ˈdeliəm/ n.  1  any of various trees, esp. of the genus Commiphora, yielding resin 产树脂植物(尤指没药属植物) 2  this fragrant resin used in perfumes 没药树脂 [Latin via Greek bdellion from Hebrew bĕdhōlaḥ]

Bdr. abbr. Brit. (before a name) Bombardier [缩略] [英] (在名字前)炮手，炮兵军士

BDS abbr.  Bachelor of Dental Surgery [缩略]牙科学士

BE abbr. [缩略]  1  Bachelor of Education 教育学士 2  Bachelor of Engineering 工学士 3  bill of exchange 汇票

Be symb. Chem.  the element beryllium [符]【化】(化学元素)铍

be /bi:/ v. & v. aux. (sing. present am /æm, əm/; are /ɑ:, ə/; is /iz/; pl. present are; 1st and 3rd sing. past was /wɒz, wəz/; 2nd sing. past and pl. past were /wɜ:, wə/; present subjunctive be; past subjunctive were; pres. part. being; past part. been /bi:n, bin/) ●v. intr.  1 (often prec. by 常前接 there)  exist; live 存在，活着  I think, therefore I am  我思故我在 there once was a man  从前有一个人 there is a house on the corner  街角有一幢房子 there was no doubt  没有疑问 2  a  occur; take place 出现，发生  dinner is at eight  宴会在 8 点举行b  occupy a position in space 占据，在  he is in the garden  他在花园里 have you been to Paris?  你去过巴黎吗？ 3  remain, continue 仍然，继续  let it be  随它去 4  linking subject and predicate, expressing 连接主语和表语，表示 :a  identity 身份  she is the person  她就是这种人 today is Thursday  今天是星期四b  condition 状况  he is ill today  他今天病了c  state or quality 状态，性质  he is very kind  他很慈祥 they are my friends  他们是我的朋友d  opinion 看法  I am against hanging  我反对绞刑e  total 总数  two and two are four  2 加 2 等于 4f  cost or significance 费用；意义  it is £ 5 to enter  要进去得花 5 英镑 it is nothing to me  此事于我无足轻重 ●v. aux.  1  with a past participle to form the passive mood 与过去分词组成被动语态  it was done  做完了 it is said  据说 we shall be helped  我们将会得到帮助 2  with a present participle to form continuous tenses 与现在分词组成进行时  we are coming  我们来了 it is being cleaned  它正在被打扫 3  with an infinitive to express duty or commitment, intention, possibility, destiny, or hypothesis 与不定式连用，表示责任(许诺、打算、可能、命中注定、假设)  I am to tell you  我应该告诉你 we are to wait here  我们约定在这儿等 he is to come at four  他打算在 4 点钟来 it was not to be found  不可能找到它 they were never to meet again  他们决不会再见面 if I were to die  我要是去死的话 4 archaic  with the past participle of intransitive verbs to form perfect tenses [古义]与不及物动词的过去分词连用构成完成时  the sun is set  太阳落了 Babylon is fallen  巴比伦王国已湮灭 □ be about   occupy oneself with 正忙于  is about his business  正忙他的事□ be at   occupy oneself with 正忙于  what is he at?  他正在忙什么？ mice have been at the food  老鼠正吃东西□ been (or been and gone) and  slang  an expression of protest or surprise [俚语]竟然(表示抗议或吃惊)  he's been and taken my car!  他竟然开走了我的车！□ be off  colloq.  go away; leave [口]走开，离开□ be that as it may   see 见 MAY □ -to-be   of the future 未来的 in comb. 用于复合词 : bride-to-be  未来的新娘 [Old English beo(m), (e)am, is, (e)aron; past tense from Old English wœs from wesan ‘to be’; there are numerous Germanic cognates]

be- /bi/ prefix forming verbs 构成动词 :  1 (from transitive verbs 由及物动词构成)  a  all over; all round (beset 包围 ; besmear 涂抹) 全面，到处b  thoroughly, excessively (begrudge 妒忌 ; belabour 痛骂) 完全，格外 2 (from intransitive verbs 由不及物动词构成)  expressing transitive action (bemoan 悲叹 ; bestride 跨越) 表示及物动作 3 (from adjectives and nouns) expressing transitive action (befool 愚弄 ; befoul 弄脏) (加于形容词或名词上)表示及物动作 4 (from nouns 加于名词上)  a  affect with (befog 使迷惑) 由…侵袭，以…影响b  treat as (befriend 援助) 视为c (forming adjectives in -ed)  having; covered with (bejewelled 镶以珠宝的 ; bespectacled 戴眼镜的) (构成 -ed 结尾的形容词)具有，以…覆盖着 [Old English be-, weak form of bī BY, as in bygone, byword, etc.]

BEA abbr.  British Epilepsy Association [缩略]英国癫痫症学会

beach /bi:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a pebbly or sandy shore esp. of the sea between high and low water marks 沙滩(尤指海滩) ●v. tr.  1  run or haul up (a boat etc.) on to a beach 拖(船等)上岸 2 (as 作 beached adj.) (of a whale etc.) stranded out of the water (鲸等)搁浅的 [16th c.: origin unknown]

beach ball n.  a large inflated ball for games on the beach 海滩气球，浮水气球

beach buggy n.  a low wide-wheeled motor vehicle for recreational driving on sand 海滩汽车

beachcomber /ˈbi:tʃkəʊmə/ n.  1  a vagrant who lives by searching beaches for articles of value 海滩捡漂浮物的流浪汉 2  a long wave rolling in from the sea 拍岸浪

beachfront /ˈbi:tʃfrʌnt/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SEAFRONT 

beachhead /ˈbi:tʃhed/ n. Mil.  a fortified position established on a beach by landing forces 【军】滩头堡，登陆场 [on the pattern of bridgehead]

Beach-la-mar /bi:tʃləˈmɑ:/ n. Brit.  an English-based Creole language spoken in the W. Pacific [英] (西太平洋地区说的)洋泾浜英语 [corruption from Portuguese bicho do mar BÊCHE-DE-MER ‘sea cucumber’ (traded as a commodity: the word then applied to the language of trade)]

beach plum n.  1  a maritime N. American shrub, Prunus maritima 海滨李 2  its edible fruit 海滨李的果实

beachside /ˈbi:tʃsaid/ attrib. adj.  next to the beach 海滩边的  beachside tavernas  海滨餐馆

beachwear /ˈbi:tʃwɛə/ n.  clothing suitable for wearing on the beach 海滨服装

beacon /ˈbi:k(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a fire or light set up in a high or prominent position as a warning etc. (用于报警等的)烽火b Brit. (now often in place names) a hill suitable for this [英] (现常用于地名)适合点烽火的山 2  a visible warning or guiding point or device (e.g. a lighthouse, navigation buoy, etc.) 信号设备(如灯塔、航标等) 3  a radio transmitter whose signal helps fix the position of a ship or aircraft 无线电信标 4 Brit. [英]  = BELISHA BEACON  [Old English bēacn, from West Germanic]

bead /bi:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small usu. rounded and perforated piece of glass, stone, etc., for threading with others to make jewellery, or sewing on to fabric, etc. (通常圆形的玻璃、宝石等的)珠子；(织物等上的)穿孔挂饰b (in pl. 用复数)  a string of beads; a rosary 一串珠子，念珠 2  a drop of liquid; a bubble 液体的一滴；气泡 3  a small knob in the foresight of a gun (枪上的)圆形准星 4  the inner edge of a pneumatic tyre that grips the rim of the wheel (汽车轮胎的)胎边，胎圈 5 Archit. 【建】  a  a moulding like a series of beads 一串珠饰b  a narrow moulding with a semicircular cross-section 凸圆线脚 ●v.  1 tr.  furnish or decorate with beads 用珠装饰(点缀) 2 tr.  string together 把…串起来 3 intr.  form or grow into beads 形成(或长成)珠子 □ draw a bead on   take aim at 瞄准□ tell one's beads   use the beads of a rosary etc. in counting prayers 拨弄着念珠(佛珠等)祈祷□ beaded  adj.   [originally = ‘prayer’ (for which the earliest use of beads arose) : Old English gebed from Germanic, related to BID]

beading /ˈbi:diŋ/ n.  1  decoration in the form of or resembling a row of beads, esp. lacelike looped edging 小珠饰(尤指花边状网眼边饰) 2 Archit.  a bead-moulding 【建】串珠饰，串珠状缘饰 3  the bead of a tyre (轮胎的)胎边，胎圈

beadle /ˈbi:d(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a ceremonial officer of a church, college, etc. [英] (教堂、学院等的)仪仗官，礼仪前导官 2 Sc.  a church officer attending on the minister [苏格兰] (侍奉教士的)教区执事 3 Brit. hist.  a minor parish officer dealing with petty offenders etc. [英史义] (处理日常事务等的)执事 □ beadleship  n.   [Old English bydel and Old French bedel, ultimately from Germanic]

beadsman /ˈbi:dzmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist. [史义]  1  a pensioner provided for by a benefactor in return for prayers 为他人祈祷求福者 2  an inmate of an almshouse 济贫院收容的受济人

beadwork /ˈbi:dwɜ:k/ n.  decorative work in beads 珠饰品

beady /ˈbi:di/ adj. (beadier, beadiest)  1 (of the eyes) small, round, and bright (眼)晶亮如珠的，杏眼的，有神的 2  covered with beads or drops 饰有珠子的；表面有泡沫的 □ beadily  adv.  □ beadiness  n.  

beady-eyed adj.  1  having beady eyes 杏眼的 2  observant 机警的，目光锐利的

beagle /ˈbi:ɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small hound of a breed with a short coat, used for hunting hares 小猎兔犬b  this breed 小猎兔种犬 2 hist.  an informer or spy; a constable [史义]密探，告密者；警官 ●v. intr. (often as 常作 beagling n.)  hunt with beagles 用猎犬追猎 □ beagler  n.   [Middle English from Old French beegueule ‘noisy person’, probably from beer ‘open wide’ + gueule ‘throat’]

beak1 /bi:k/ n.  1  a  a bird's horny projecting jaws; a bill 喙，鸟嘴b  the similar projecting jaw of other animals, e.g. a turtle (如乌龟的)喙状嘴 2 slang  a hooked nose [俚语]钩状鼻 3 Naut. hist.  the projection at the prow of a warship 【海】[史义] (战舰的)冲撞角 4  a spout 水壶的嘴 □ beaked  adj.  □ beaky  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bec from Latin beccus, of Celtic origin]

beak2 /bi:k/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a magistrate 地方治安官 2  a schoolmaster 男校长 [19th c.: probably from criminals' slang]

beaker /ˈbi:kə/ n.  1 Brit.  a tall drinking vessel, usu. of plastic and tumbler-shaped [英] (通常塑料制，似平底玻璃杯状的)高脚酒杯 2  a lipped cylindrical glass vessel for scientific experiments (科学实验用的)烧杯 3 archaic or literary  a large drinking vessel with a wide mouth [古义] [文学用语]宽口大酒杯 [Middle English from Old Norse bikarr, perhaps from Greek bikos ‘drinking bowl’]

Beaker Folk n. Archaeol.  a people thought to have come to Britain from central Europe in the early Bronze Age, named after beaker-shaped pottery found in their graves 【考古】宽口陶器人

be-all and end-all n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) colloq.  the whole being or essence [口]全部，主要因素

beam /bi:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or room, usu. to support the structure above (通常支撑上部结构的) (横)梁 2  a  a ray or shaft of light 光线，光柱b  a directional flow of particles or radiation (粒子或射线的)束 3  a bright look or smile 笑容，喜色 4  a  a series of radio or radar signals as a guide to a ship or aircraft (导航用无线电或雷达的)射束，波束b  the course indicated by this 射束指示的航道  off beam  偏离射束指示的航道；不正确的 5  the crossbar of a balance 秤杆 6  a  a ship's breadth at its widest point 船宽b  the width of a person's hips (esp. 尤用于 broad in the beam 臀部肥大的) 臀围 7 (in pl. 用复数)  the horizontal cross-timbers of a ship supporting the deck and joining the sides 船的横梁 8  the side of a ship 船舷  land on the port beam  从靠码头的一侧上岸 9  the chief timber of a plough 犁柄 10  the cylinder in a loom on which the warp or cloth is wound 织轴 11  the main stem of a stag's antlers (鹿角的)主干 12  the lever in an engine connecting the piston rod and crank (发动机的)传动杆 13  the shank of an anchor 锚柄 ●v.  1 tr.  emit or direct (light, radio waves, etc.) 散发(光)；定向发射(无线电波等) 2 intr.  a  shine 照耀b  look or smile radiantly 满面笑容，满面春风 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, down) (in science fiction 在科幻小说中)  a intr.  travel from one point to another along an invisible beam of energy 在不可见的能柱上从一点到另一点b tr.  transport in this way 在不可见的能柱上运送 □ a beam in one's eye   a fault that is greater in oneself than in the person one is finding fault with (see Matt. 7:3) 自身的重大缺点(见《马太福音》 7:3)□ off (or off the) beam  colloq.  mistaken [口]错的□ on the beam  colloq.  on the right track [口]正确□ on the beam-ends  (of a ship) on its side; almost capsizing (船)侧倾几乎要翻□ on one's beam-ends   near the end of one's resources 快把钱财用完，十分拮据 [Old English bēam ‘tree’, from West Germanic]

beam-compass n. (also 亦作 beam-compasses pl.)  compasses with a beam connecting sliding sockets, used for large circles 长臂圆规

beamer /ˈbi:mə/ n. Cricket colloq.  a ball bowled at a batsman's head 【板球】[口] (投手投出的)高球

beamy /ˈbi:mi/ adj. (of a ship) broad-beamed (船)船身宽的

bean /bi:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any kind of leguminous plant with edible usu. kidney-shaped seeds in long pods 菜豆类植物(通常结腰子形豆)b  one of these seeds 豆 2  a similar seed of coffee and other plants 咖啡豆 3 slang  the head, esp. as a source of common sense [俚语]头，脑袋(尤作为常识的源泉) 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; with neg. 与否定词连用) US slang  anything at all [美] [俚语]一点，丝毫  doesn't know beans about it  对此毫无所知 ●v. tr. esp. N. Amer. slang  hit on the head [尤北美] [俚语]击中头部 □ full of beans  colloq.  lively; in high spirits [口]生气勃勃，兴高采烈□ not a bean  Brit. slang  no money [英] [俚语]没有钱□ old bean  Brit. slang  a friendly form of address, usu. to a man [英] [俚语]老兄，老家伙(通常对男人的称呼) [Old English bēan, from Germanic]

beanbag /ˈbi:nbæɡ/ n.  1  a small bag filled with dried beans and used esp. in children's games (尤指小孩玩的)豆子袋 2  a large cushion filled usu. with polystyrene beads and used as a seat (通常装聚苯乙烯球粒的)豆袋坐垫

bean-counter n. orig. US colloq. derog. [源于美口] [贬]  1  an accountant (esp. one who is obsessed with returns on investments) 统计专家(尤指迷恋投资收益的人) 2  a penny-pincher 吝啬鬼，花钱节俭的人

bean curd n.  jelly or paste made from beans, used esp. in Asian cookery (尤指亚洲烹饪用的)豆腐

beanery /ˈbi:nəri/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. slang  a cheap restaurant [北美] [俚语]大众饭店，经济菜馆

beanfeast /ˈbi:nfi:st/ n. Brit. colloq.  a celebration, originally an annual dinner with colleagues; any festive occasion or merry time [英口]豆子宴；盛宴，欢庆 [BEAN + FEAST, beans and bacon being regarded as an indispensable dish]

bean goose n.  a grey goose, Anser fabalis, breeding in the Arctic 豆雁

beanie /ˈbi:ni/ n.  a small close-fitting hat worn on the back of the head 豆形帽，无檐便帽 [perhaps from BEAN ‘head’ + -IE]

beano /ˈbi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. slang  a celebration; a party [英] [俚语]庆祝会，聚会 [abbreviation of BEANFEAST]

beanpole /ˈbi:npəʊl/ n.  1  a stick for supporting bean plants 支撑豆藤的杆子 2 colloq.  a tall thin person [口]瘦高个子

bean sprout n.  a sprout of a bean seed, esp. of the mung bean, used as food (尤指绿豆)豆芽

beanstalk /ˈbi:nstɔ:k/ n.  the stem of a bean plant 豆茎

bear1 /bɛə/ v. (past bore /bɔ:/; past part. borne, born /bɔ:n/)  1 tr.  carry, bring, or take (esp. visibly) (尤指明显地)携，带，拿  bear gifts  带来礼物 2 tr.  show; be marked by; have as an attribute or characteristic 显示，怀有，有…特点  bear marks of violence  有暴力的迹象 bears no relation to the case  与这个案件无关 bore no name  没有名字 3 tr.  a  produce, yield (fruit etc.) 产，结(果等)b  give birth to 生育  has borne a son  生了一个儿子 was born last week  出生于上星期 4 tr.  a  sustain (a weight, responsibility, cost, etc.) 承受，支撑，负担(重量、责任、费用等)b  stand, endure (an ordeal, difficulty, etc.) 忍受，经受(考验、困难等) 5 tr. (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定词或疑问词连用)  a  tolerate; put up with 容忍，忍受  can't bear him  忍受不了他 how can you bear it?  你怎么能容忍这种事？b  admit of; be fit for 容许，适宜于  does not bear thinking about  不堪设想 6 tr.  carry in thought or memory 牢记，记住  bear a grudge  怀恨在心 7 intr.  veer in a given direction 往…方向拐  bear left  向左拐 8 tr.  bring or provide (something needed) 提供(所需东西)  bear him company  陪伴他 9 refl.  behave (in a certain way) (以某种方式)表现 □ bear arms   1  carry weapons; serve as a soldier 携带武器，当兵 2  wear or display heraldic devices 佩有盾形纹章□ bear away (or off)   win (a prize etc.) 获得(奖品等)□ bear down   exert downward pressure 压倒，把…压下去□ bear down on   approach rapidly or purposefully 向…逼近；冲向□ bear fruit   have results 有结果，有成效□ bear a hand   help 帮助□ bear hard on   oppress 压迫□ bear in mind   take into account having remembered 记住□ bear on (or upon)   be relevant to 与…有关□ bear out   support or confirm (an account or the person giving it) 证实(报道)；证明(予以报道的人)□ bear repeating   be worth repetition 值得重复□ bear up   raise one's spirits; not despair 振作起来，不灰心□ bear with   treat forbearingly; tolerate patiently 忍受，对…有耐心□ bear witness   testify 证明 [Old English beran, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between borne and born. Borne is the standard past participle of bear and is used in all senses above except one, e.g. the ship that had borne me across the sea; the worried look she has borne since his departure; the findings have been borne out. Born is used only in the passive with reference to birth, e.g. was born in July, and then not if followed by by and the name of the mother (e.g. was borne by Sarah). Compare a son was born to Sarah which is also correct. Although born is used only in one sense, this sense is so common that born is a more common English word than borne, which probably adds to the confusion. 注意 borne 和 born 的区别， borne 是 bear 的标准过去分词，用于除了一个释义之外的上述各个释义，如 the ship that had borne me across the sea (轮船把我载过大洋); the worried look she has borne since his departure (他走后她面带焦虑的神情); the findings have been borne out (研究结果已经过证实). born 只用于有关生育的被动语态，如 was born in July (生于 7 月)，如果后面跟 by 及母亲的名称，则另当别论(如 was borne by Sarah 莎拉所生)。比较一下 a son was born to Sarah, 这种说法也不错。虽然 born 只用于一个释义，但这个释义很常用，是一个比 borne 常用的英语单词，因而有可能产生混淆。 

bear2 /bɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any large heavy mammal of the family Ursidae, having thick fur and walking on its soles 熊 2  a rough, unmannerly, or uncouth person 粗鲁的人 3 Stock Exch.  a person who sells shares hoping to buy them back later at a lower price 【股】高价卖出低价买进的人，看跌的人，卖空者 4  = TEDDY 1  5 (作 the Bear) colloq.  Russia [口]俄罗斯 6 esp. US slang [尤美] [俚语]  a  a police officer 警官b (prec. by 前接 the)  the police 警察 ●v. Stock Exch. 【股】  1 intr.  speculate for a fall in price 买空卖空 2 tr.  produce a fall in the price of (stocks etc.) 使(证券等)下跌 □ like a bear with a sore head  Brit. colloq.  very irritable [英口]动不动发火 [Old English bera, from West Germanic]

bearable /ˈbɛərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that may be endured or tolerated 可忍受的，可容忍的 □ bearability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ bearableness  n.  □ bearably  adv.  

bear-baiting n. hist.  an entertainment involving setting dogs to attack a captive bear [史义]纵狗斗熊

bearberry /ˈbɛəb(ə)ri/ n.  an evergreen ericaceous plant of the genus Arctostaphylos, esp. A. uva-ursi, a trailing moorland plant with pinkish flowers and bright red berries 杜鹃花科常绿灌木(尤指熊果)

beard /biəd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  hair growing on the chin and lower cheeks of the face 胡子 2  a tuft of hair or similar growth or marking on the face or chin of an animal (e.g. a goat) 动物的颔毛(如山羊) 3  the awn of a grass, sheath of barley, etc. (草、大麦鞘等的)芒 ●v. tr.  oppose openly; defy 公然反对；违抗 □ bearded  adj.  □ beardless  adj.   [Old English, from West Germanic]

bearded tit n.  a small Eurasian passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, which frequents reed-beds 文须雀

beardie /ˈbiədi/ n. Brit. colloq.  a bearded man [英口]蓄须的人

bearer /ˈbɛərə/ n.  1  a person or thing that bears, carries, or brings 持有者；携带物 2  a carrier of equipment on an expedition etc. (远征等的)携带装备者 3  a person who presents a cheque or other order to pay money 拿支票(或其他要付钱的单据)者 4 (作 attrib.)  payable to the possessor 不记名的，持有人有权自由转让的  bearer stock  可以转让的股票 5 hist. (in India etc.) a personal servant [史义] (在印度等)私人男仆

beargarden /ˈbɛəɡɑ:d(ə)n/ n.  a rowdy or noisy scene 嘈杂(或喧闹)的场面

bear-hug n.  a tight embrace 紧紧的拥抱

bearing /ˈbɛəriŋ/ n.  1  a person's bodily attitude or outward behaviour 举止，风度 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  relation or relevance to 关系，关联  his comments have no bearing on the subject  他的评论与这个问题无关 3  endurability 忍耐，忍受  beyond bearing  难以忍受 4  a part of a machine that supports a rotating or other moving part 轴承 5  direction or position relative to a fixed point, measured esp. in degrees (尤指用度数的)测位，方向角 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a  one's position relative to one's surroundings 方向，方位b  awareness of this; a sense of one's orientation 方向感，对自己方位的认识  get one's bearings  辨别自己的位置 lose one's bearings  迷失了方向 7 Heraldry  a device or charge 【纹章学】图案，图记 8  = BALL-BEARING 

bearing-rein n.  a fixed rein from bit to saddle that forces a horse to arch its neck 勒马缰绳

bearish /ˈbɛəriʃ/ adj.  1  like a bear, esp. in temper (尤指脾气)像熊一样的，粗暴的 2 Stock Exch.  causing or associated with a fall in prices 【股】行情下跌的，引起跌风的

bear market n. Stock Exch.  a market with falling prices 【股】熊市

bearpit /ˈbɛəpit/ n.  1  a sunken enclosure in which bears are kept in a zoo etc. (动物园等内的)熊坑 2  a scene or place of rowdy disorder 嘈杂的场面或地方

bear's breech n.  an acanthus, esp. the Mediterranean Acanthus mollis (尤指地中海)老鼠簕属植物

bear's ear n.  = AURICULA 

bear's foot n.  a hellebore, Helleborus fetidus 熊足嚏根草，黑儿波

bearskin /ˈbɛəskin/ n.  1  a  the skin of a bear 熊毛皮b  a wrap etc. made of this (披肩、膝毯等)熊毛皮制品 2  a tall furry hat worn ceremonially by some regiments 熊皮高帽

beast /bi:st/ n.  1  an animal other than a human being, esp. a wild quadruped 野兽(尤指野生四足动物) 2  a  a brutal person 粗野的人b colloq.  an objectionable or unpleasant person or thing [口]令人讨厌的人(或物)  he's a beast for not inviting her  没邀请她，他真讨厌 a beast of a problem  一个令人讨厌的问题 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a human being's brutish or uncivilized characteristics 兽性  saw the beast in him  看到了他的兽性 [Middle English via Old French beste and Romanic besta from Latin bestia]

beastie /ˈbi:sti/ n. Sc. or joc.  a small animal [苏格兰] [诙]小动物

beastly /ˈbi:stli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (beastlier, beastliest)  1 colloq.  objectionable, unpleasant [口]令人讨厌的，可恶的 2  like a beast; brutal 野兽般的，野蛮的 ●adv. Brit. colloq.  very, extremely [英口]非常，极 □ beastliness  n.  

beast of burden n.  an animal, e.g. a mule, used for carrying loads 驮畜(如骡)

beast of prey n.  an animal which hunts animals for food 食肉猛兽

beat /bi:t/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (past beat; past part. beaten /ˈbi:t(ə)n/)  1 tr.  a  strike (a person or animal) persistently or repeatedly, esp. to harm or punish (尤指带伤害性或惩罚性地连续)打(人或动物)b  strike (a thing) repeatedly, e.g. to remove dust from (a carpet etc.), to sound (a drum etc.) 拍打(如毯子等上的灰尘)；击(鼓等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, at, on, etc.)  a  pound or knock repeatedly (反复地)敲打，击打  waves beat against the shore  大浪拍岸 beat at the door  拍打门b  = beat down 3  3 tr.  a  overcome; surpass; win a victory over 克服；超过；战胜b  complete an activity before (another person etc.) 先于(他人等)完成c  be too hard for; perplex 难倒；使困惑不解 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  stir (eggs etc.) vigorously into a frothy mixture 打，搅(鸡蛋)成泡沬 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  fashion or shape (metal etc.) by blows 锤打(金属等) 6 intr. (of the heart, a drum, etc.) pulsate rhythmically (心脏)跳动；(鼓等)被击打 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  indicate (a tempo or rhythm) by gestures, tapping, etc. 表示韵律(敲出节拍等)b  sound (a signal etc.) by striking a drum or other means 击打以发出(信号等)  beat a tattoo  敲击归营鼓 8  a intr. (of a bird's wings) move up and down (鸟翅膀)扑动，拍打b tr.  cause (wings) to move in this way 使(翅膀)扑动 9 tr.  make (a path etc.) by trampling 踩出(一条路等) 10 tr.  strike (bushes etc.) to rouse game 拍打(草丛等)以惊出猎物 11 intr. Naut.  sail in the direction from which the wind is blowing 【海】逆风行驶 ●n.  1  a  a main accent or rhythmic unit in music or verse (音乐、诗歌中的)强音；节拍  three beats to the bar  一节三拍 missed a beat and came in early  快了一拍b  the indication of rhythm by a conductor's movements 打拍子  watch the beat  看拍子c (in popular music) a strong rhythm (流行音乐的)强节奏d (作 attrib.)  characterized by a strong rhythm 强节奏的  beat music  强节奏音乐 2  a  a stroke or blow (e.g. on a drum) (如鼓的)一击b  a measured sequence of strokes 连续拍击  the beat of the waves on the rocks  波浪不停地拍打着岩石c  a throbbing movement or sound 跳动，跳动声  the beat of his heart  他的心跳 3  a  a route or area allocated to a police officer etc. (警官等的)巡逻路线(或范围)b  a person's habitual round 人的习惯行径 4 Physics  a pulsation due to the combination of two sounds or electric currents of similar but not equivalent frequencies 【物理学】拍音，悸音，差拍 5 colloq. [口]  = BEATNIK  ●adj.  1 (作 predic.) slang  exhausted, tired out [俚语]极其疲惫的，筋疲力尽的 2 (作 attrib.)  of the beat generation or its philosophy 垮掉一代的；垮掉一代哲学的 □ beat about  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  search (for an excuse etc.) 寻找(借口等)□ beat about (or US [美] around) the bush   discuss a matter without coming to the point 不直截了当地，转弯抹角地□ beat the bounds  Brit.  mark parish boundaries by striking certain points with rods [英]打边界列队游行□ beat one's breast   strike one's chest in anguish or sorrow 捶胸顿足□ beat the clock   complete a task within a stated time 按时完成任务□ beat down   1  a  bargain with (a seller) to lower the price 杀(卖主的)价b  cause a seller to lower (the price) 使降低(价格) 2  strike (a resisting object) until it falls 敲落，击倒(阻碍之物)  beat the door down  把门击倒 3 (of the sun, rain, etc.) radiate heat or fall continuously and vigorously (太阳)强烈照射，(雨)倾盆而下□ beat the drum for   publicize, promote 宣传，提倡□ beaten at the post   defeated at the last moment 在最后一刻被击败□ beat in   crush 砸碎□ beat it  slang  go away [俚语]溜掉□ beat off   drive back (an attack etc.) 击退(进攻等)□ beat a retreat   withdraw; abandon an undertaking 撤退，打退堂鼓□ beat time   indicate or follow a musical tempo with a baton or other means 打拍子，按节奏□ beat a person to it   arrive or achieve something before another person 比别人先完成□ beat up   give a beating to, esp. with punches and kicks 痛打(尤指拳打脚踢)□ it beats me   I do not understand (it) (这)我不懂□ beatable  adj.   [Old English bēatan, from Germanic]

beaten /ˈbi:t(ə)n/ adj.  1  outwitted; defeated 被骗的，被打败的 2  exhausted; dejected 筋疲力尽的，沮丧的 3 (of gold or any other metal) shaped by a hammer (金或其他金属)锤制的 4 (of a path etc.) well-trodden, much used (路等)踩出来的；走得很多的 □ off the beaten track   1  in or into an isolated place 不常去的，偏僻的 2  unusual 不常见的 [past part. of BEAT]

beater /ˈbi:tə/ n.  1  an implement used for beating (esp. a carpet or eggs) (尤指掸地毯、打鸡蛋用的)拍打器，打蛋器 2  a person employed to rouse game for shooting 拍打树丛惊出猎物的人 3  a person who beats metal 锤制金属的人 4 N. Amer. colloq.  an old or dilapidated vehicle [北美口]破车

beat generation n.  the members of a movement of young people esp. in the 1950s who rejected conventional society in their dress, habits, and beliefs (尤指 20 世纪 50 年代)垮掉的一代

beatific /bi:əˈtifik/ adj.  1 colloq.  blissful [口]至福的，极乐的  a beatific smile  安详的笑容 2  a  of or relating to blessedness (有关)赐福的b  making blessed 使有福的 □ beatifically  adv.   [French béatifique or Latin beatificus, from beatus ‘blessed’]

beatification /biˌætifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 RC Ch.  the act of formally declaring a dead person ‘blessed’, often a step towards canonization 【天主教】宣福礼 2  making or being blessed 赐福 [French béatification or ecclesiastical Latin beatificatio (as BEATIFY)]

beatify /biˈætifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 RC Ch.  announce the beatification of 【天主教】宣福 2  make happy 使极臻幸福 [French béatifier or ecclesiastical Latin beatificare, from Latin beatus ‘blessed’]

beating /ˈbi:tiŋ/ n.  1  a physical punishment or assault 打 2  a defeat 打败 □ take some (or a lot of) beating   be difficult to surpass 难以超过

beatitude /biˈætitju:d/ n.  1  blessedness 至福，天福 2 (also 亦作 Beatitude)  a declaration of blessedness, a blessing, esp. (in pl.) those made by Jesus (Matt. 5:3-11) 八福词，祈福；(尤用复数)耶稣福祉(《马太福音》 5:3-11) 3  a title given to patriarchs in the Orthodox Church (东正教)法座 [French béatitude or Latin beatitudo, from beatus ‘blessed’]

beatnik /ˈbi:tnik/ n.  a member of the beat generation 垮掉的一代成员 [BEAT + -nik on the pattern of sputnik, perhaps influenced by US use of Yiddish -nik agent-suffix]

Beatrice /ˈbiətris/   比阿特丽斯 [人名]

beat-up adj. colloq.  dilapidated; in a state of disrepair [口]破烂的，破旧的

beau /bəʊ/ n. (pl. beaux or beaus /bəʊz, bəʊ/)  1 esp. US  an admirer; a boyfriend [尤美] (向女子)献殷勤的男子；男友 2  a fop; a dandy 花花公子，纨绔子弟 [French, = handsome, from Latin bellus]

Beaufort scale /ˈbəʊfət skeil/ n.  a scale of wind speed ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级(从 0 级静止至 12 级飓风) [Sir F. Beaufort, English admiral (d. 1857) who devised it]

beau geste /bəʊ ˈʒest, 法 bo ʒɛst/ n. (pl. beaux gestes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a generous or gracious act 大方的举动，优雅的姿态 [French, = splendid gesture]

beau idéal /bəʊ i:deiˈæl/ n.  the highest type of excellence or beauty 理想的美，十全十美的典型 [French beau idéal = ideal beauty: see BEAU, IDEAL]

Beaujolais /ˈbəʊʒəlei/ n.  a red or white burgundy wine from the Beaujolais district of France 博若莱(红、白)葡萄酒

Beaujolais Nouveau /ˌbəʊʒəlei nu:ˈvəʊ/ n.  Beaujolais wine sold in the first year of a vintage (当年酿造的)新博若莱葡萄酒 [BEAUJOLAIS + French nouveau ‘new’]

beau monde /bəʊ ˈmɒnd/ n.  fashionable society 时髦社会 [French, = fine world]

beaut /bju:t/ n. & adj. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语] ●n. (also US [亦美])  an excellent or beautiful person or thing 俊男靓女，好东西 ●adj.  excellent; beautiful 极好的，美丽的 [abbreviation of BEAUTY]

beauteous /ˈbju:tiəs/ adj. poet.  beautiful [诗]美丽的 [Middle English from BEAUTY + -OUS, on the pattern of bounteous, plenteous]

beautician /bju:ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a person who gives beauty treatment 美容师 2  a person who runs or owns a beauty salon 美容院老板

beautiful /ˈbju:tifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  delighting the aesthetic senses 使生美感的，美丽的  a beautiful voice  美妙的声音 2  pleasant, enjoyable 令人愉快的  had a beautiful time  过了一段令人愉快的时间 3  excellent 极好的  a beautiful specimen  极好的样本 □ beautifully  adv.  

beautify /ˈbju:tifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make beautiful; adorn 美化，装饰 □ beautification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ beautifier  /-faiə/ n.  

beauty /ˈbju:ti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a combination of qualities such as shape, colour, etc., that pleases the aesthetic senses, esp. the sight (形、色等)美(丽)；优美(尤指风景)b  a combination of qualities that pleases the intellect or moral sense 美的东西，妙处  the beauty of the argument  论据的妙处 2 colloq. [口]  a  an excellent specimen 极好的样本  what a beauty!  真是个榜样！b  an attractive feature; an advantage 吸引人的特性，好处  that's the beauty of it!  妙处就在这里！ 3  a beautiful woman 美女 □ beauty is only skin-deep   a pleasing appearance is not a guide to character 美貌不过一张皮；不可以貌取人 [Middle English from Anglo-French beuté, Old French bealté, beauté, ultimately from Latin (as BEAU)]

beauty parlour n. (also 亦作 beauty salon)  an establishment in which manicure, hairdressing, make-up, etc., are offered to women (修指甲、理发、化妆等的)美容院

beauty queen n.  the woman judged most beautiful in a competition 第一美女，美后

beauty sleep n.  sleep before midnight, supposed to be health-giving 美觉(指午夜前有益健康的睡眠)

beauty spot n.  1  a place known for its beauty 美景，风景名胜 2  a small natural or artificial mark such as a mole on the face, considered to enhance another feature 美人痣，(贴在脸上的)美人斑

beauty treatment n.  cosmetic treatment received in a beauty parlour (美容院里的)美容护理

beaux pl.  of BEAU  

beaux arts /bəʊˈzɑ:, 法 bozar/ n. pl.  1  fine arts 美术 2 (作 attrib.)  relating to the rules and conventions of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (later called Académie des Beaux Arts) 古典装饰风格的(后来称为美术学院派风格的) [French beaux-arts]

beaver1 /ˈbi:və/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or beavers)  1  a  any large amphibious broad-tailed rodent of the genus Castor, native to N. America, Europe, and Asia, and able to gnaw through tree trunks and make dams 河狸，海狸b  its soft light brown fur 河狸(海狸)毛皮c  a hat of this 海狸帽 2 (in full 全称 beaver cloth)  a heavy woollen cloth like beaver fur 海狸呢 3 (作 Beaver)  a boy aged six or seven who is an affiliate member of the Scout Association 六七岁的童子军协会男孩 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away) colloq.  work hard [口]努力地工作，兢兢业业地工作 [Old English be(o)for, from Germanic]

beaver2 /ˈbi:və/ n. hist.  the lower face-guard of a helmet [史义]头盔面具的下半部 [Old French baviere ‘bib’ via baver ‘slaver’ from beve ‘saliva’, from Romanic]

beaver3 /ˈbi:və/ n. Brit. slang  a bearded man [英] [俚语]蓄大胡子的人 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

beaverboard /ˈbi:vəbɔ:d/ n.  a kind of fibreboard 一种纤维板 [BEAVER1 + BOARD]

beaver lamb n.  lambskin made to look like beaver fur 绵羊皮制的仿海狸毛皮

bebop /ˈbi:bɒp/ n.  a type of jazz originating in the 1940s and characterized by complex harmony and rhythms (20 世纪 40 年代的)博普爵士乐 □ bebopper  n.   [imitative of the typical rhythm]

becalm /biˈkɑ:m/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  deprive (a sailing ship) of wind (由于无风)使(航行中的船只)静止不动

became past  of BECOME  

because /biˈkɒz/ conj.  for the reason that; since 因为，既然 □ because of   on account of; by reason of 因为，由于 [Middle English from BY prep. + CAUSE, influenced by Old French par cause de ‘by reason of’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REASON. 见 REASON 的用法说明。 

beck1 /bek/ n. N. Engl.  a brook; a mountain stream [英格兰北部]小河，山间小溪 [Middle English via Old Norse bekkr from Germanic]

beck2 /bek/ n. poet.  a gesture requesting attention, e.g. a nod, wave, etc. [诗]召唤(如点头、挥手等) □ at a person's beck and call   having constantly to obey a person's orders 惟某人之命是从 [beck (v.) from BECKON]

becket /ˈbekit/ n. Naut.  a contrivance such as a hook, bracket, or rope-loop, for securing loose ropes, tackle, or spars 【海】绳环，把手索，索环 [18th c.: origin unknown]

beckon /ˈbek(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  a  attract the attention of; summon by gesture (用手势)引起注意；召唤b  entice 引诱，诱使 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make a signal to attract a person's attention; summon a person by doing this 用信号引起注意；召唤 [Old English bīecnan, bēcnan, ultimately from West Germanic baukna BEACON]

Becky /ˈbeki/   丽贝卡；贝基 [人名]

becloud /biˈklaʊd/ v. tr.  1  obscure 使糊涂，使难于理解，搞混  becloud the argument  把论点搞混 2  cover with clouds (云雾)遮蔽

become /biˈkʌm/ v. (past became /biˈkeim/; past part. become)  1 intr. (foll. by compl. 后跟补语)  begin to be 成为，变得  became president  成为总统 will become famous  将会出名 2 tr.  a  look well on; suit 看起来很好，适合，相称  blue becomes him  蓝色适合他b  befit 适合于  it ill becomes you to complain  发牢骚与你身份不相称 3 intr. (as 作 becoming adj.)  a  flattering the appearance 好看的，漂亮的b  suitable; decorous 合适的；端庄的；得体的 □ become of   happen to 发生  what will become of me?  我将是什么样子？□ becomingly  adj.  □ becomingness  n.   [Old English becuman from Germanic (as BE-, COME)]

becquerel /ˈbekərel/ n. Physics  the SI unit of radioactivity, corresponding to one disintegration per second 【物理学】贝可勒尔(放射性强度单位，每秒有一个原子衰变) [A. H. Becquerel, French physicist d. 1908]

B.Ed. abbr.  Bachelor of Education [缩略]教育学士

bed /bed/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a piece of furniture used for sleeping on, usu. a framework with a mattress and coverings 床(通常有架、带垫及床罩)b  a mattress, with or without coverings 垫褥，床垫 2  any place used by a person or animal for sleep or rest; a litter 床铺，窝 3  a  a garden plot, esp. one used for planting flowers 苗圃(尤指花坛)b  a place where other things may be grown 苗床  osier bed  柳林圃 4  the use of a bed 用床 :a  on loan or hire; temporarily 暂时用(或租用)的床  I need a bed for the night  我需要一张床过夜b Brit. colloq.  for sexual intercourse [英口]发生性行为的地方  only thinks of bed  只想着上床c Brit.  for rest [英]休息处  needs his bed  他需要找地方休息 5  something flat, forming a support or base as in 成为支撑(或底部)的平面 :a  the bottom of the sea or a river 海床，河床b  the foundations of a road or railway (公路或铁路的)路基c  the flat surface beneath the baize of a billiard table 未铺台呢的台球台面 6  a stratum, such as a layer of oysters etc. (牡蛎等)层 ●v. (bedded, bedding)  1 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down)  put or go to bed 安置床铺，上床 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) colloq.  have sexual intercourse with [口]与…发生性关系 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  plant in a garden bed 栽种在花坛内 4 tr.  cover up or fix firmly in something 埋置；牢固地安置 5  a tr.  arrange as a layer 按层放置b intr.  be or form a layer 分层，形成一层 □ bed of roses   a life of ease 安逸的生活，快乐人生□ brought to bed  (often foll. by 常后跟 of) archaic  delivered of a child [古义]临产，分娩□ get out of bed on the wrong side   be bad-tempered all day long 整天情绪不好，闹脾气□ go to bed   1  retire for the night 上床，就寝 2  have sexual intercourse 性交 3 (of a newspaper) go to press (报纸)付印□ keep one's bed   stay in bed because of illness (因病)卧床□ make the bed   tidy and arrange the bed for use 铺床(准备睡觉)□ make one's bed and lie in it   accept the consequences of one's acts 自作自受，自食其果□ put to bed   1  cause to go to bed 使上床去睡 2  make (a newspaper) ready for press 使(报纸)付印□ take to one's bed   stay in bed because of illness (因病)卧床 [Old English bed(d) (n.), beddian (v.), from Germanic]

bedabble /biˈdæb(ə)l/ v. tr.  stain or splash with dirty liquid, blood, etc. (以污液、血等)弄脏；泼溅

bedad /biˈdæd/ int. Ir.  by God! [爱尔兰]上帝！老天爷！ [corruption: cf. GAD2]

bed and board n.  1  lodging and food 膳宿 2  marital relations 姻亲

bed and breakfast n. & v. ●n.  1  one night's lodging and breakfast in a hotel etc. (旅馆等的)一夜住宿兼包次日早餐 2  an establishment that provides this 提供一夜住宿兼包次日早餐的旅馆 ●v. tr. (作 bed-and-breakfast)  sell (shares) and buy back the next morning (股票)暮售朝购

bedaub /biˈdɔ:b/ v. tr.  smear or daub with paint etc.; decorate gaudily 用(涂料等)涂抹；花哨地装饰

bedazzle /biˈdæz(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  dazzle 使目眩，使眼花缭乱 2  confuse (a person) 把(人)弄糊涂，使(人)迷惑 □ bedazzlement  n.  

bedbug /ˈbedbʌɡ/ n.  either of two flat, wingless, evil-smelling insects of the genus Cimex infesting beds and unclean houses and sucking blood 臭虫

bedchamber /ˈbedtʃeimbə/ n.  1 archaic  a bedroom [古义]卧室 2 (作 Bedchamber)  part of the title of some of the sovereign's attendants (君主的)侍寝官  Lady of the Bedchamber  女王侍臣

bedclothes /ˈbedkləʊðz/ n. pl.  coverings for a bed, such as sheets, blankets, etc. 床上用品(如床单、毯子等)

bedcover /ˈbedkʌvə/ n.  1  a bedspread 床罩 2 (in pl. 用复数)  = BEDCLOTHES 

beddable /ˈbedəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq.  considered seductive or sexually attractive [口]诱人的，有魅力的；性感的 [BED + -ABLE]

bedder /ˈbedə/ n.  1  a plant suitable for a garden bed 适于栽在花坛里的植物 2 Brit. colloq.  a college bedmaker [英口]大学里整理床铺的人

bedding /ˈbediŋ/ n.  1  a mattress and bedclothes 被褥，铺盖 2  litter for cattle, horses, etc. (供牛、马等歇息的)垫草 3  a bottom layer 底层 4 Geol.  the stratification of rocks, esp. when clearly visible 【地质】(尤指裸露可见的)岩石层理

bedding plant n.  a plant set into a garden bed or container when it is about to bloom, usu. an annual used for display and discarded at the end of the season (尤指一年生的)适于栽在花坛里的植物

beddy-byes /ˈbedibaiz/ n. (child's word for) bed, sleep (儿语中的)床；睡觉 [BED + -Y2 + BYE-BYE2]

bedeck /biˈdek/ v. tr.  adorn 装饰，打扮

bedeguar /ˈbediɡɑ:/ n.  a mosslike growth on rose bushes produced by a gall wasp 针褥瘿 [French bédegar from Persian bɑˉd-ɑˉwar ‘wind-brought’]

bedel /ˈbi:d(ə)l, biˈdel/ n. (also 亦作 bedell) Brit.  a university official with chiefly processional duties [英]仪仗官(大学里主管礼仪的官员) [archaic spelling of BEADLE]

bedevil /biˈdev(ə)l/ v. tr. (bedevilled, bedevilling; US [美] bedeviled, bedeviling)  1  plague; afflict 折磨，使苦恼 2  confound; confuse 混淆，使混乱 3  possess as if with a devil; bewitch 使着魔，使着迷 4  treat with diabolical violence or abuse 毒打，虐待 □ bedevilment  n.  

bedew /biˈdju:/ v. tr.  1  cover or sprinkle with dew or drops of water 沾着露水(或水滴)，沾湿 2 poet.  sprinkle with tears [诗]沾满了泪水

bedfellow /ˈbedfeləʊ/ n.  1  a person who shares a bed 同床者 2  an associate 合伙人，同事

Bedford cord /bedfəd ˈkɔ:d/ n.  a tough woven fabric having prominent ridges, similar to corduroy 经向凸条织物 [Bedford in S. England]

bedhead /ˈbedhed/ n.  the upper end of a bed 床头

bed-hop v. intr. (-hopped, -hopping) colloq.  engage in successive casual sexual affairs [口]乱上床(不停地随意性行为)

bedight /biˈdait/ adj. archaic  arrayed; adorned [古义]装扮好的，装饰好的 [Middle English past part. of bedight (v.) (as BE-, DIGHT)]

bedim /biˈdim/ v. tr. (bedimmed, bedimming) poet.  make (the eyes, mind, etc.) dim [诗]使(视力、思想等)模糊不清

bedizen /biˈdaiz(ə)n, -ˈdiz-/ v. tr. poet.  deck out gaudily [诗]华丽而俗气地打扮(装饰) [BE- + obsolete dizen ‘deck out’]

bedjacket /ˈbeddʒækit/ n.  a jacket worn when sitting up in bed 床上穿的短上衣

bedlam /ˈbedləm/ n.  1  a scene of uproar and confusion 喧闹的景象，混乱的场所  the traffic was bedlam  交通混乱 2 archaic  a madhouse; an asylum [古义]疯人院，精神病院 [hospital of St Mary of Bethlehem in London]

bedlinen /ˈbedlinin/ n.  sheets, pillowcases, duvet covers, etc. 床上用品(被单、枕套、被罩等)

Bedlington terrier /ˈbedliŋt(ə)n/ n.  1  a terrier of a breed with a narrow head, long legs, and curly grey hair 贝德灵顿猎狗(尖头，长腿，生有灰色卷毛) 2  this breed 贝德灵顿猎狗种 [Bedlington in N. England]

bedmaker /ˈbedmeikə/ n. Brit.  a person employed to clean and tidy students' rooms in a college [英]大学里雇用的打扫学生宿舍的人

Bedouin /ˈbedʊin/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Beduin) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a nomadic Arab of the desert 贝都因人(沙漠中从事游牧生活的阿拉伯人) 2  a wanderer; a nomad 流浪者，游牧民 ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Bedouin 贝都因人的；与贝都因人有关的 2  wandering; nomadic 流浪的，游牧的 [Middle English from Old French beduin, ultimately from Arabic badawī, pl. badawīn ‘dwellers in the desert’ from badw ‘desert’]

bedpan /ˈbedpæn/ n.  a receptacle used by a bedridden patient for urine and faeces (供卧床病人用的)床上便盆

bedplate /ˈbedpleit/ n.  a metal plate forming the base of a machine (安置机器的)底板，座板

bedpost /ˈbedpəʊst/ n.  any of the four upright supports of a bedstead 床架杆，床柱 □ between you and me and the bedpost  Brit., colloq.  in strict confidence [英口]就你我知道，私下

bedraggle /biˈdræɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  wet (a garment etc.) by trailing it, or so that it hangs limp 拖湿(衣服等) 2 (as 作 bedraggled adj.)  untidy; dishevelled 脏的；不整洁的；散乱的 [BE- + DRAGGLE]

bedrest /ˈbedrest/ n.  confinement of an invalid to bed 卧床休息

bedridden /ˈbedrid(ə)n/ adj.  1  confined to bed by infirmity (因病)卧床不起的 2  decrepit 衰老的，老朽的 [Old English bedreda from ridan ‘ride’]

bedrock /ˈbedrɒk/ n.  1  solid rock underlying alluvial deposits etc. (位于冲积层下的)基岩 2  the underlying principles or facts of a theory, character, etc. (作为理论、特征等根据的)基本原则，基本事实

bedroll /ˈbedrəʊl/ n. esp. N. Amer.  portable bedding rolled into a bundle, esp. a sleeping bag [尤北美] (可卷起便于携带的)铺盖卷儿(尤指睡袋)

bedroom /ˈbedru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a room for sleeping in 卧室 2 (作 attrib.)  of or referring to sexual relations 有性关系的，与性行为有关的  bedroom farce  床上的闹剧

Beds. abbr.  Bedfordshire [缩略]贝德福德郡

bedside /ˈbedsaid/ n.  1  the space beside esp. a patient's bed 床边(尤指病床边) 2 (作 attrib.)  of or relating to the side of a bed (有关)床边的  bedside lamp  床头灯 □ bedside manner  (of a doctor) an approach or attitude to a patient (医生)对病人的态度

bedsitter /bedˈsitə/ n. (also 亦作 bedsit) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = BED-SITTING ROOM  [contraction]

bed-sitting room /bedˈsitiŋ/ n. Brit.  a one-roomed unit of accommodation usu. consisting of combined bedroom and sitting room with cooking facilities [英]单间公寓(通常一间卧室又作起居室兼厨房用)

bedskirt /ˈbedskɜ:t/ n. N. Amer.  a valance for a bed [北美]床沿挂布，床帷，床幔

bedsock /ˈbedsɒk/ n. esp. Brit.  each of a pair of thick socks worn in bed [尤英]睡袜

bedsore /ˈbedsɔ:/ n.  a sore developed by an invalid because of pressure caused by lying in bed 褥疮(由于长期卧床压迫而形成的一种溃疡)

bedspread /ˈbedspred/ n.  an often decorative cloth used to cover a bed when not in use 床罩

bedstead /ˈbedsted/ n.  the framework of a bed 床架，床的框架

bedstraw /ˈbedstrɔ:/ n.  1  any herbaceous plant of the genus Galium, once used as straw for bedding (猪殃殃属)铺床用草 2 (in full 全称 lady's bedstraw)  a bedstraw, G. verum, with yellow flowers (开黄色小花的)蓬子菜

bedtable /ˈbedteib(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a portable table or tray with legs used by a person sitting up in bed [英]床几

bedtime /ˈbedtaim/ n.  1  the usual time for going to bed 就寝时间 2 (作 attrib.)  of or relating to bedtime (有关)临睡前的  bedtime drink  睡前小酌

Beduin var.  of BEDOUIN  BEDOUIN 的变体

bed-wetting n.  involuntary urination during the night 遗尿，尿床 □ bed-wetter  n.  

bee /bi:/ n.  1  a (in full 全称 honey bee)  a stinging hymenopterous insect of the genus Apis which collects nectar and pollen, produces wax and honey, and lives in large communities, esp. the domesticated A. mellifera 蜜蜂(尤指家蜂)b  a related insect of the superfamily Apoidea, either social or solitary (蜜蜂总科的)蜂 2 (usu. 通常作 busy bee)  a busy person 忙碌的人 3 esp. US  a meeting for communal work or amusement [尤美]为工作(或娱乐)而举行的聚会  spelling bee  拼字比赛会 □ a bee in one's bonnet   an obsession 着迷，入迷□ the bee's knees  slang  something outstandingly good [俚语]顶刮刮的东西，特别出色的事物  thinks he's the bee's knees  认为他是最出色的 [Old English bēo, from Germanic]

Beeb /bi:b/ n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. colloq.  the BBC [英口]英国广播公司 [abbreviation]

bee-bread n.  honey or pollen used as food by bees 花粉蜜(蜜蜂的食料)

beech /bi:tʃ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 beech tree)  any large forest tree of the genus Fagus, having smooth grey bark and glossy leaves 山毛榉(山毛榉属) 2 (also 亦作 beechwood)  its wood 山毛榉木材 3 Austral.  any of various similar trees in Australia [澳]假山毛榉 [Old English bēce, from Germanic]

beech-fern n.  any of several related ferns, esp. Phegopteris connectilis, found in damp woods 六角翅金星蕨，金星蕨属植物

beech marten n.  the stone marten, Martes foina 榉貂，石貂

beechmast /ˈbi:tʃmɑ:st/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the small rough-skinned fruit of the beech tree 山毛榉坚果 [BEECH + MAST2]

beechwood  see 见 BEECH 2 

bee dance n.  a dance performed by worker bees to inform the colony of the location of food 蜜蜂舞

bee-eater n.  any bright-plumaged insect-eating bird of the family Meropidae with a long slender curved bill (蜂虎科)蜂虎

beef /bi:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the flesh of the ox, bull, or esp. the cow, for eating (尤指家养牛的)牛肉 2 colloq.  well-developed male muscle [口]男子的肌肉 3 (pl. beeves /bi:vz/ or US [美] beefs)  a cow, bull, or ox fattened for beef; its carcass 菜牛，肉牛；屠宰后的牛胴体 4 (pl. beefs) slang  a complaint; a protest [俚语]抱怨，牢骚；异议 ●v. intr. slang  complain [俚语]抱怨，发牢骚 □ beef up  slang  strengthen, reinforce, augment [俚语]加强，充实，扩大 [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French boef from Latin bos bovis ‘ox’]

beefburger /ˈbi:fbɜ:ɡə/ n.  a cake of minced beef usu. fried or grilled (油炸或炙烤的)碎牛肉饼；汉堡牛排

beefcake /ˈbi:fkeik/ n. slang  well-developed male muscles, esp. when displayed for admiration [俚语]健美的男性肌肉(尤指用于健美展示)

beefeater /ˈbi:fi:tə/ n.  a warder in the Tower of London; a Yeoman of the Guard 伦敦塔的守卫；(英国)王室警卫 [from obsolete sense ‘well-fed menial’]

beefsteak /bi:fˈsteik, ˈbi:f-/ n.  a thick slice of lean beef, esp. from the rump, usu. for grilling or frying (尤指臀部)牛排(通常炙烤或油炸)

beefsteak fungus n.  a red bracket fungus, Fistulina hepatica, resembling raw beef 牛排菌

beefsteak tomato n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BEEF TOMATO 

beef tea n. Brit.  stewed extract of beef, given to invalids [英]牛肉茶，牛肉汁

beef tomato n. Brit.  an exceptionally large and firm variety of tomato [英]牛排蕃茄

beefwood /ˈbi:fwʊd/ n.  1  any of various Australian and W. Indian hardwood trees 木麻黄 2  the close-grained red timber of these 木麻黄木材

beefy /ˈbi:fi/ adj. (beefier, beefiest)  1  like beef 牛肉似的 2  solid; muscular 结实的，肌肉发达的 □ beefily  adv.  □ beefiness  n.  

beehive /ˈbi:haiv/ n.  1  an artificial habitation for bees 蜂巢，蜂房 2  a busy place 拥挤繁忙的地方 3  anything resembling a wicker beehive in being domed 蜂巢(或蜂房)状物

bee-keeping n.  the occupation of keeping bees 养蜂(业) □ bee-keeper  n.  

beeline /ˈbi:lain/ n.  a straight line between two places (两地之间的)直线，直路 □ make a beeline for   hurry directly to 径直走向，取捷径

Beelzebub /biˈelzibʌb/ n.  the Devil 别西卡(《圣经》中的鬼王) [Old English via Latin from Greek beelzeboul & Hebrew baˈal zĕbûb ‘lord of the flies’, the name of a Philistine god]

bee-master n.  a man who keeps bees 养蜂人

been past part.  of BE  

bee orchid n.  a kind of European orchid, Ophrys apifera, with bee-shaped flowers 对叶兰(花形如蜜蜂)

beep /bi:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sound of a motor car horn 汽车喇叭声 2  any similar short high-pitched sound 嘟嘟声，短而高的尖声 ●v.  1 intr.  emit a beep 发嘟嘟声 2 tr.  cause to emit a beep 使发嘟嘟声 3 tr. N. Amer.  summon with a beeper [北美]按喇叭召唤 [imitative]

beeper /ˈbi:pə/ n.  1  a device that emits beeps 发嘟嘟声的装置 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = BLEEPER 

beer /biə/ n.  1  a  an alcoholic drink made from yeast-fermented malt etc., flavoured with hops (大麦等发酵后的)啤酒b  a glass or can of this 一杯(罐)啤酒 2  any of several other fermented drinks, e.g. ginger beer 低酒精饮料(如姜啤) □ beer and skittles  Brit.  amusement [英]娱乐，玩乐  life is not all beer and skittles  生活不全是吃喝玩乐 [Old English bēor via Late Latin biber ‘drink’ from Latin bibere]

beer belly n.  a stomach which protrudes as a result of excessive consumption of beer 大肚子，啤酒肚

beer cellar n.  1  an underground room for storing beer 啤酒地窖 2  a basement or cellar for selling or drinking beer (设在地下的)啤酒店

beer engine n. Brit.  a machine that draws up beer from a barrel in a cellar [英]啤酒泵

beer garden n.  a garden where beer is sold and drunk 露天啤酒店

beer gut n. slang [俚语]  = BEER BELLY 

beer hall n.  a large room where beer is sold and drunk 啤酒屋

beerhouse /ˈbiəhaʊs/ n. Brit.  a public house licensed to sell beer but not spirits [英]啤酒店

beer mat n. Brit.  a small table-mat for a beer glass [英]啤酒杯垫

beer pump n.  = BEER ENGINE 

beery /ˈbiəri/ adj. (beerier, beeriest)  1  showing the influence of drink in one's appearance or behaviour 微醺的 2  smelling or tasting of beer 有啤酒气味的 □ beerily  adv.  □ beeriness  n.  

beestings /ˈbi:stiŋz/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  the first milk (esp. of a cow) after giving birth (尤指母牛的)初乳 [Old English bysting, from West Germanic]

beeswax /ˈbi:zwæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the wax secreted by bees to make honeycombs 蜂蜡 2  this wax refined and used to polish wood 黄蜡 ●v. tr.  polish (furniture etc.) with beeswax 用黄蜡打光(家具等)

beeswing /ˈbi:zwiŋ/ n.  a filmy second crust on old port (陈年葡萄酒的)酒膜

beet /bi:t/ n.  any plant of the genus Beta with an edible root (see 见 BEETROOT, SUGAR BEET) 甜菜；甜菜根 [Old English bēte from Latin beta, perhaps of Celtic origin]

beetle1 /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any insect of the order Coleoptera, with modified front wings forming hard protective cases closing over the back wings (鞘翅目)甲虫 2 colloq.  any similar, usu. black, insect [口]甲虫似的昆虫(通常黑色) 3 Brit.  a dice game in which a beetle is drawn or assembled [英]拼甲虫(一种掷骰子游戏) ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, away, etc.) colloq.  hurry, scurry [口]急忙，赶紧 [Old English bitula ‘biter’ from bītan BITE]

beetle2 /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tool with a heavy head and a handle, used for ramming, crushing, driving wedges, etc. 槌，杵，木夯(用于夯打、压、捣、钉楔等) 2  a machine used for heightening the lustre of cloth by pressure from rollers 捶布机 ●v. tr.  1  ram, crush, drive, etc., with a beetle 用槌捶打，用杵捣(钉楔等) 2  finish (cloth) with a beetle 捶(布) [Old English bētel, from Germanic]

beetle3 /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ adj. & v. ●adj. (esp. of the eyebrows) projecting, shaggy, scowling (尤指眉毛)伸出的，突出的；蓬松的；愁眉苦脸的 ●v. intr. (usu. as 通常作 beetling adj.) (of brows, cliffs, etc.) project; overhang threateningly (眉毛、石崖等)突出，外伸；俯临 [Middle English: origin unknown]

beetle-browed adj.  with shaggy, projecting, or scowling eyebrows 眉毛浓而突出的；皱眉的 [BEETLE3]

beetle-crusher n. Brit. colloq.  a large boot or foot [英口]大靴子，大脚 [BEETLE1]

beetroot /ˈbi:tru:t/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a beet, Beta vulgaris, with an edible spherical dark red root (藜科植物)甜菜 2  this root used as a vegetable 甜菜根

beet sugar n.  sugar obtained from sugar beet 甜菜糖

beeves pl.  of BEEF  

BEF abbr. hist.  British Expeditionary Force [缩略] [史义]英国远征军

befall /biˈfɔ:l/ v. (past befell /biˈfel/; past part. befallen /biˈfɔ:lən/) poet. [诗]  1 intr.  happen 发生  so it befell  于是发生了这件事 2 tr.  happen to (a person etc.) 突然降临在(某人的)头上  what has befallen her?  她出什么事了？ [Old English befeallan (as BE-, feallan FALL)]

befit /biˈfit/ v. tr. (befitted, befitting)  1  be fitted or appropriate for; suit 适合，适宜，相称 2  be incumbent on 义不容辞，有责任做 □ befitting  adj.  □ befittingly  adv.  

befog /biˈfɒɡ/ v. tr. (befogged, befogging)  1  confuse; obscure 使迷惑，弄模糊 2  envelop in fog 笼罩在雾中

befool /biˈfu:l/ v. tr.  make a fool of; delude 把…当傻瓜看待；欺骗，愚弄

before /biˈfɔ:/ conj., prep. & adv. ●conj.  1  earlier than the time when 在…前  crawled before he walked  他先爬后走 2  rather than that 宁愿  would starve before he stole  宁愿饿死也不偷窃 ●prep.  1  a  in front of 在…前面  before her in the queue  排队排在她前面b  ahead of 在…之前  crossed the line before him  比他先跨过线c  under the impulse of 被…推着  recoil before the attack  遭到进攻而撤退d  awaiting 等待着…  the future before them  他们面前的未来 2  earlier than; preceding 早于，先于  Lent comes before Easter  大斋节在前，复活节在后 3  rather than 与其…，宁可…  death before dishonour  可杀不可辱 4  a  in the presence of 在…面前  appear before the judge  出现在法官面前b  for the attention of 为…所注意，向…  a plan put before the committee  向委员会提交的计划 ●adv.  1  a  earlier than the time in question; already 在前；已经  heard it before  已经听说了b  in the past 以前，过去  happened long before  发生在很早以前 2  ahead 向前  go before  向前走 3  on the front 在前面  hit before and behind  前后夹击 □ before God   a solemn oath meaning ‘as God sees me’ 在上帝面前；我发誓□ before time   see 见 TIME  [Old English beforan, from Germanic]

before Christ adv. (of a date) reckoned backwards from the birth of Christ (日期)公元前

beforehand /biˈfɔ:hænd/ adv.  in anticipation; in advance; in readiness 先；预先，事先  had prepared the meal beforehand  事先准备好了饭 □ be beforehand with   anticipate; forestall 提前；预先准备 [Middle English from BEFORE + HAND: cf. Anglo-French avant main]

befoul /biˈfaʊl/ v. tr. poet. [诗]  1  make foul or dirty 弄臭，弄脏 2  degrade; defile 使堕落，败坏  befouled her name  败坏她的名声

befriend /biˈfrend/ v. tr.  act as a friend to; help 以朋友对待，把…当作朋友扶助；帮助

befuddle /biˈfʌd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  make drunk 使醉 2  confuse 使迷惑 □ befuddlement  n.  

beg /beɡ/ v. (begged, begging)  1  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  ask for (esp. food, money, etc.) 请求施舍(尤指食物、钱等)  begged for alms  乞求施舍b tr.  ask for (food, money, etc.) as a gift 乞讨(食物、钱等)c intr.  live by begging 行乞 2 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  ask earnestly or humbly 乞求，恳求  begged for forgiveness  恳求原谅 begged to be allowed out  乞求允许出去 please, I beg of you  拜托，我求你了 beg your indulgence for a time  乞求你临时开恩 3 tr.  ask formally for 请求  beg leave  请允许 4 intr. (of a dog etc.) sit up with the front paws raised expectantly (狗等)作乞讨的姿势 5 tr.  take or ask leave (to do something) 请允许，请原谅(做某事)  I beg to differ  恕不同意 beg to enclose  敬请封上 □ beg one's bread   live by begging 靠乞讨为生□ beg off   1  decline to take part or attend 拒绝参加(或出席) 2  get (a person) excused a penalty etc. 请求免除(某人) (责罚等)□ beg pardon   apologize 请原谅□ beg the question   1  assume the truth of an argument or proposition to be proved, without arguing it 用(假定作为论据)来辩论 2 disp.  pose the question [异议]提出问题 3 colloq.  evade a difficulty [口]回避困难□ go begging (or Brit. [英] a-begging)  (of a chance or a thing) not be taken; be unwanted (机会或东西)没抓住的；没人要的 [Middle English, probably from Old English bedecian from Germanic: related to BID]■Usage 用法说明 Many people use the phrase beg the question in the disputed sense (sense 2 above). It originally meant, and still means, ‘to assume the truth of the thing that is to be proved’, e.g. By devoting such a large part of the budget for the fight against drug addiction to education, we are begging the question of its significance in the battle against drugs, i.e. we are assuming that through education we can radically reduce drug-taking. Over the years beg the question has been misunderstood and another meaning has arisen, ‘to raise the question’, or ‘invite the obvious question’, and this is now the more common use of the phrase, e.g. Most people continue to live in cities, which begs the question as to whether city life or country life is more desirable. This use has been extended even further in phrases such as The question that still needs to be begged is.... 许多人用 beg the question 这个短语的异议释义(上述释义 2) 。其本意是，现在仍然是“以要证明的事情的真相为先决条件”，如 By devoting such a large part of the budget for the fight against drug addiction to education, we are begging the question of its significance in the battle against drugs (在教育界投入这么多预算与吸毒进行斗争，我们对其在抗击毒品斗争中的意义为先决条件)。即：我们假定可以通过教育大大地减少吸毒。多年来 beg the question 的意思被误解了，而“提出问题”、“请别人提出明显的问题”的用法油然而生，且已成为当今较普遍的用法。如 Most people continue to live in cities, which begs the question as to whether city life or country life is more desirable (许多人接连不断地生活在城市里，这就提出了一个问题，是城市生活还是农村生活更令人称心如意)。这种用法甚至在有的短语中得到更进一步的发挥，如 The question that still needs to be begged is... (仍然需要提出的问题是 …) 。 

begad /biˈɡæd/ int. archaic colloq.  by God! [古义] [口]天啊！的确！完了！糟了！  [corruption: cf. GAD2]

began past  of BEGIN  

begat archaic [古义] past  of BEGET 

beget /biˈɡet/ v. tr. (begetting; past begot /biˈɡɒt/; archaic [古义] begat /biˈɡæt/; past part. begotten /biˈɡɒt(ə)n/) literary [文学用语]  1 (usu. of a father, sometimes of a father and mother) procreate (通常指父亲，有时指父母双亲)生(子女) 2  give rise to; cause 产生；引起，招致  beget strife  引起冲突 □ begetter  n.   [Old English begietan (as BE- + GET = procreate)]

beggar /ˈbeɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who begs, esp. one who lives by begging 乞丐(尤指以乞讨为生的叫化子) 2  a poor person 穷人 3 colloq.  a person; a fellow [口]家伙  poor beggar  可怜的家伙 ●v. tr.  1  reduce to poverty 使贫穷 2  outshine 胜过；优于 3  exhaust the resources of 使穷尽  it beggars description  这难以形容 □ beggars cannot (or must not) be choosers   those without other resources must take what is offered 饥不择食 [Middle English from BEG + -AR3]

beggarly /ˈbeɡəli/ adj.  1  poverty-stricken; needy 贫困的，赤贫的 2  intellectually poor 傻的，弱智的 3  mean; sordid 鄙贱的，下贱的 4  ungenerous 小气的，吝啬的 □ beggarliness  n.  

beggar-my-neighbour n.  1  a card game in which a player seeks to capture an opponent's cards 乞食成霸(以吃光对手的牌为胜的牌戏) 2 (作 attrib.) (esp. of national policy) self-aggrandizing at the expense of competitors (尤指外交政策)损人利己

beggary /ˈbeɡəri/ n.  extreme poverty 赤贫

begging bowl n.  1  a bowl etc. held out for food or alms 要饭用的碗(缽等) 2  an earnest appeal for help 求助

begging letter n. Brit.  a letter asking for a charitable gift [英]索取捐赠的信

begin /biˈɡin/ v. (beginning; past began /biˈɡæn/; past part. begun /biˈɡʌn/)  1 tr.  perform the first part of; start 开始；着手  begin work  开始工作 begin crying  哭起来 begin to understand  逐渐开始理解 2 intr.  come into being; arise 形成，出现 :a  in time 时间上  war began in 1939  战争始于 1939 年b  in space 空间上  Wales begins beyond the river  威尔士始于河对岸 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  start at a certain time 从某一时间开始  then began to feel ill  然后就开始觉得不舒服 4 intr.  be begun 开始  the meeting will begin at 7  会议将在 7 点开始 5  a tr. & intr.  start speaking 开始说话  ‘No, ’ he began  他张口就说，“不”b intr.  take the first step; be the first to do something 作为第一步；作为起始者(做某事)  who wants to begin?  谁先来？ 6 intr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  show any attempt or likelihood [口]表示试图(或可能)  can't begin to compete  根本不能竞争 □ begin at   start from 从…开始□ begin on (or upon)   set to work at 着手，动手□ begin school   attend school for the first time 开始上学□ begin with   take (a subject, task, etc.) first or as a starting point 先做(某项目)，以(某任务等)开始□ to begin with   in the first place; as the first thing 首先，第一 [Old English beginnan, from Germanic]

beginner /biˈɡinə/ n.  a person just beginning to learn a skill etc. (技能等)初学者，生手 □ beginner's luck   good luck supposed to attend a beginner at games etc. (游戏等中的)新手的好运气

beginning /biˈɡiniŋ/ n.  1  the time or place at which anything begins 当初，初期；出发点；开端 2  a source or origin 起源；源头 3  the first part 开头部分 □ the beginning of the end   the first clear sign of a final result 预示最后结果的先兆

begone /biˈɡɒn/ int. poet.  go away at once! [诗]出去！走开！滚！ 

begonia /biˈɡəʊniə/ n.  a plant of the genus Begonia, having flowers with brightly coloured sepals and no petals, and often glossy foliage 秋海棠(秋海棠属) [M. Bégon, French patron of science, d. 1710]

begorra /biˈɡɒrə/ int. Ir.  by God! [爱尔兰]天哪！糟了！完了！  [corruption]

begot past  of BEGET  

begotten past part.  of BEGET  

begrime /biˈɡraim/ v. tr.  make grimy 弄脏，玷污

begrudge /biˈɡrʌdʒ/ v. tr.  1  resent; be dissatisfied at 怨恨，对…不满 2  envy (a person) the possession of 羡慕(某人)所有，忌妒 □ begrudgingly  adv.  

beguile /biˈɡail/ v. tr.  1  charm; amuse 使着迷，使开心 2  divert attention pleasantly from (toil etc.) (从劳苦等中)轻松地消磨 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, out of, or into + verbal noun)  delude; cheat 欺骗，欺诈  beguiled him into paying  骗他付账 □ beguilement  n.  □ beguiler  n.  □ beguiling  adj.  □ beguilingly  adv.   [BE- + obsolete guile ‘to deceive’]

beguine /beiˈɡi:n/ n.  1  a popular dance of W. Indian origin 比津舞 2  its rhythm 比津舞曲 [W. Indian French from French béguin ‘infatuation’]

begum /ˈbeiɡəm/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent 在印度次大陆)  1  a Muslim lady of high rank 穆斯林的贵妇 2 (Begum)  the title of a married Muslim woman, equivalent to Mrs 夫人(穆斯林对已婚妇女的称谓) [Urdu begam from Eastern Turkish bīgam ‘princess’, fem. of big ‘prince’]

begun past part.  of BEGIN  

behalf /biˈhɑ:f/ n.   □ on (or esp. US [尤美] in) behalf of (or on a person's behalf)   1  in the interests of (a person, principle, etc.) 为了(某人、某项原则等)利益 2  as representative of 代表…  acting on behalf of my client  代表我的委托人行事 [mixture of earlier phrases on his halve and bihalve him, both = on his side: see BY, HALF]■Usage 用法说明 On behalf of should not be confused with on the part of, which means ‘proceeding from, done or initiated by’. Behalf cannot replace part in: His death was largely due to panic on his part. Note the different senses expressed by a long struggle on behalf of the strikers (the struggle being carried out by people other than the strikers), and a long struggle on the part of the strikers (the struggle being carried out by the strikers). 不可将 on behalf of 与 on the part of 用混， on the part of 的意思是“出自，由某人所做(或开的头)”。下面句中 behalf 不可代替 part: His death was largely due to panic on his part (他的死大部分是由于他的恐慌)。注意下面所表达的不同释义 : a long struggle on behalf of the strikers (代表罢工者的长期斗争) (the struggle being carried out by people other than the strikers 罢工者以外的人所进行的斗争)；以及 a long struggle on the part of the strikers (罢工者的长期斗争) (the struggle being carried out by the strikers 由罢工者所进行的斗争)。 

behave /biˈheiv/ v.  1 intr.  a  act or react (in a specified way) (以某种特殊方式)行为，表现，举止  behaved well  行为好b (esp. to or of a child) conduct oneself properly (尤指小孩或对小孩)守规矩，举止得体c (of a machine etc.) work well (or in a specified way) (机器等)开动，(以某种特殊方式)运转  the computer is not behaving today  计算机今天运转不佳 2 refl. (esp. of or to a child) show good manners (尤指小孩或对小孩)举止好，讲礼貌  behaved herself  她很乖 □ behave towards   treat (in a specified way) (以某种方式)对待 [BE- + HAVE]

behaviour /biˈheivjə/ n. (US [美] behavior)  1  a  the way one conducts oneself; manners 行为，举动b  the treatment of others; moral conduct 态度，品行 2  the way in which a ship, machine, chemical substance, etc., acts or works (船、机器的)性能，特性；(药品等的)作用，效力 3 Psychol.  the response (of a person, animal, etc.) to a stimulus 【心】(人、动物等)对刺激的反应 □ be on one's good (or best) behaviour   behave well when being observed 行为检点，举动规矩 [BEHAVE on the pattern of demeanour and influenced by obsolete haviour from have]

behavioural /biˈheivjər(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] behavioral)  of or relating to behaviour (有关)行为的 □ behaviouralist  n.  

behavioural science n.  the scientific study of human and animal behaviour 行为科学，(人类和动物)行为学

behaviourism /biˈheivjəriz(ə)m/ n. (US [美] behaviorism) Psychol. 【心】  1  the theory that human behaviour is determined by conditioning rather than by thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behaviour patterns 行为主义 2  such study and treatment in practice 行为主义的研究与方法 □ behaviourist  n.  □ behaviouristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

behaviour therapy n.  the treatment of neurotic symptoms by training the patient's reactions to stimuli (see 见 BEHAVIOURISM) 行为疗法

behead /biˈhed/ v. tr.  cut off the head of (a person), esp. as a form of execution; kill in this way (尤指作为一种死刑)把(某人)斩首，砍(某人的)头 [Old English behēafdian (as BE-, hēafod HEAD)]

beheld past and past part.  of BEHOLD 

behemoth /biˈhi:mɒθ, ˈbi:himəʊθ/ n.  an enormous creature or thing 巨兽，庞然大物 [Middle English from Hebrew bĕhēmôt, intensive pl. of bĕhēmɑˉh ‘beast’, perhaps from Egyptian p-ehe-mau ‘water-ox’]

behest /biˈhest/ n. literary  a command; an entreaty [文学用语]命令，指示；请求  went at his behest  按他的指示 [Old English behœˉs, from Germanic]

behind /biˈhaind/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  a  in, towards, or to the rear of 在…的后面；向…的后面；到…后面b  on the further side of 在…那边  behind the bush  在树丛那边c  hidden by 隐藏在…后  something behind that remark  话里有话 2  a  in the past in relation to 对…说来已成过去  trouble is behind me now  现在我已经没有烦恼了b  late in relation to 迟于，晚于  behind schedule  落后于计划 3  inferior to; weaker than 落后于，比…差  rather behind the others in his maths  他的数学比其他人差得多 4  a  in support of 支持  she's right behind us  她非常支持我们b  responsible for; giving rise to 对…负责；引起…  the man behind the project  负责这项工程的人 the reasons behind his resignation  导致他辞职的原因 5  in the tracks of; following 追随…，跟着 ●adv.  1  a  in or to or towards the rear; further back 在后面，向后面，朝后  the street behind  后面的路 glance behind  向后看b  on the further side 在那边，在后边  a high wall with a field behind  后面有一片地的高墙 2  remaining after departure 留在原处  leave behind  留下，遗忘 stay behind  留下来 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  in arrears 拖欠  behind with the rent  拖欠租金b  late in accomplishing a task etc. (任务等)落后  working too slowly and getting behind  干得太慢以致落后了 4  in a weak position; backward 差，弱  behind in Latin  拉丁语差 5  following 随后  his dog running behind  他的狗跟在后面 ●n.  1 colloq.  the buttocks [口]屁股 2 (in Australian Rules) a kick etc. sending the ball over the behind line, scoring one point (澳式橄榄球中)射门得分 □ behind a person's back   without a person's knowledge 背着某人，在某人不知道的情况下□ behind the scenes   see 见 SCENE □ behind time   late 误期，迟□ behind the times   antiquated 过时的，落后的□ come from behind   win after lagging 迎头赶上□ put behind one   1  refuse to consider 拒绝考虑，置于脑后 2  get over (an unhappy experience etc.) 熬过(一段不愉快的经历等) [Old English behindan, bihindan from bi BY + hindan ‘from behind’]

behindhand /biˈhaindhænd/ adv. & predic. adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, in)  late (in discharging a duty, paying a debt, etc.) 落后(的)，迟延(做事、还债等) (的) 2  out of date; behind time 过时(的)，落后于时代(的) [BEHIND + HAND: cf. BEFOREHAND]

behind line n. (in Australian Rules) the line between an inner and outer goalpost (按澳大利亚规则)门柱线

behold /biˈhəʊld/ v. tr. (past and past part. beheld /biˈheld/) (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) literary  see, observe [文学用语]看，瞧，观察 □ beholder  n.   [Old English bihaldan (as BE-, haldan ‘hold’)]

beholden /biˈhəʊld(ə)n/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  under obligation 负有义务的 [past part. (obsolete except in this use) of BEHOLD, = bound]

behoof /biˈhu:f/ n. (prec. by 前接 to, for, on; foll. by 后跟 of) archaic  benefit; advantage [古义]利益，好处 [Old English behōf]

behove /biˈhəʊv/ v. tr. (US [美] behoove /-ˈhu:v/) (prec. by 前接 it as subject 作主语； foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) formal [正式]  1  be incumbent on 对…责无旁贷，是…的义务 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  befit 适宜，适合  ill behoves him to protest  他抗议是不合适的 [Old English behōfian from behōf: see BEHOOF]

beige /beiʒ, beidʒ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pale sandy fawn colour 米色 ●adj.  of this colour 米色的 [French: ultimate origin unknown]

Beijing /ˈbeiˈdʒiŋ/ n.  北京 [中华人民共和国首都]

being /ˈbi:iŋ/ n.  1  existence 存在 2  the nature or essence (of a person etc.) (人等的)本性，本质  his whole being revolted  他的本性是叛逆的 3  a human being 人 4  anything that exists or is imagined 生物，存在物，想像物 □ in being   existing 存在的，现存的

Beira /ˈbaiərə/ n.  贝拉 [莫桑比克港市]

Beirut /beiˈru:t/ n.  贝鲁特 [黎巴嫩首都]

bejabers /biˈdʒeibəz/ int. (also 亦作 bejabbers /-ˈdʒæbəz/) Ir.  by Jesus! [爱尔兰]耶稣作证 [corruption]

bejewelled /biˈdʒu:əld/ adj. (US [美] bejeweled)  adorned with jewels 饰有珠宝的，镶嵌珠宝的

bel /bel/ n.  a unit used in the comparison of power levels in electrical communication or intensities of sound, corresponding to an intensity ratio of 10 to 1 (cf. 参见 DECIBEL) 贝，贝尔(电平单位) [A. G. Bell, inventor of telephone d. 1922]

belabour /biˈleibə/ v. tr. (US [美] belabor)  1  a  thrash; beat 鞭打；打b  attack verbally 猛烈攻击 2  argue or elaborate (a subject) in excessive detail 对(某论题)作啰啰嗦嗦的说明 [BE- + LABOUR = exert one's strength]

Belarus   白俄罗斯

belated /biˈleitid/ adj.  1  coming late or too late 来迟的；延误的 2  overtaken by darkness 天黑还在赶路的 □ belatedly  adv.  □ belatedness  n.   [past part. of obsolete belate ‘delay’ (as BE-, LATE)]

belay /biˈlei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  fix (a running rope) round a cleat, pin, rock, etc., to secure it 把(绳)拴在羊角(桡座、石头等)上；固定，系牢 2 tr. & intr. (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句) Naut. slang  stop; enough! (esp. 尤指 belay there! 停止 !) 【海】[俚语]停，够了 ●n.  1  an act of belaying 系绳 2  a spike of rock etc. used for belaying (岩石等的凸出地方)系绳处 [Dutch beleggen]■Usage 用法说明 In mountaineering contexts, this word is often stressed on the first syllable /ˈbi:lei/. 用于登山语境中，该词通常重读第一音节 /ˈbi:lei/ 。 

belaying-pin n.  a fixed wooden or iron pin used to secure a rope which is fastened around it 系绳栓，套索桩

bel canto /bel ˈkæntəʊ/ n.  1  a lyrical style of operatic singing using a full rich broad tone and smooth phrasing 美声唱法 2 (作 attrib.) (of a type of aria or voice) characterized by this type of singing (唱腔或声音)美声的 [Italian, = fine song]

belch /beltʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  emit wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth 打嗝，呃逆 2 tr.  a (of a chimney, volcano, gun, etc.) send (smoke etc.) out or up (烟囱、火山、枪等)冒烟(喷烟)b  utter forcibly 蛮横地发出 ●n.  an act of belching 打嗝 [Old English belcettan]

beldam /ˈbeldəm/ n. (also 亦作 beldame) archaic [古义]  1  an old woman; a hag 老太婆；女巫 2  a virago 泼妇，悍妇 [Middle English & Old French bel ‘beautiful’ + DAM2, DAME]

beleaguer /biˈli:ɡə/ v. tr.  1  besiege 包围，围攻 2  vex; harass 使苦恼，使烦恼；折磨 [Dutch belegeren ‘camp round’ (as BE-, leger ‘a camp’)]

belemnite /ˈbeləmnait/ n.  any extinct cephalopod of the order Belemnoidea, having a bullet-shaped internal shell often found in fossilized form 箭石(绝灭的头足类动物的化石) [modern Latin belemnites from Greek belemnon ‘dart’ + -ITE1]

bel esprit /bel eˈspri:, 法 bel ɛspri/ n. (pl. beaux esprits /bəʊz eˈspri:, 法 boz ɛspri/)  a witty person 才子，有才智的人 [French, literally ‘fine mind’]

Belfast /belˈfɑ:st/ n.  贝尔法斯特 [英国港市]

belfry /ˈbelfri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a bell tower or steeple housing bells, esp. forming part of a church (尤指构成教堂一部分的)钟楼，钟塔；钟架 2  a space for hanging bells in a church tower 教堂的钟室 □ bats in the belfry   see 见 BAT2  [Middle English via Old French berfrei from Frankish: altered by association with bell]

Belgian /ˈbeldʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Belgium in W. Europe 比利时人；比利时国民 2  a person of Belgian descent 比利时人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Belgium (有关)比利时的

Belgian hare n.  a dark red long-eared breed of domestic rabbit 比利时兔

Belgic /ˈbeldʒik/ adj.  1  of the ancient Belgae of N. Gaul (有关)比利时人的 2  of the Low Countries 低地国家的 [Latin Belgicus from Belgae]

Belgium   比利时

Belgrade /belˈgreid/ n.  贝尔格莱德 [南斯拉夫首都]

Belial /ˈbi:liəl/ n.  the Devil 彼勒(《圣经》中魔鬼的别名)；恶魔，魔鬼 [Hebrew bĕliyyaˈal ‘worthless’]

belie /biˈlai/ v. tr. (belying)  1  give a false notion of; fail to corroborate 给人以…的假象；证明为虚假  its appearance belies its age  外表掩饰其年代 2  a  fail to fulfil (a promise etc.) 未能实现(诺言等)b  fail to justify (a hope etc.) 使(希望等)落空 [Old English belēogan (as BE-, lēogan LIE2)]

belief /biˈli:f/ n.  1  a  a person's religion; religious conviction 信条；信仰  has no belief  没有信仰b  a firm opinion 坚信  my belief is that he did it  我坚信是他做的c  an acceptance (of a thing, fact, statement, etc.) 相信(一件事情、事实、话语等)  belief in the afterlife  相信有来世 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  trust or confidence 信任，信心 □ beyond belief   incredible 难以置信□ to the best of my belief   in my genuine opinion 我相信，就我所知 [Middle English from Old English gelēafa (as BELIEVE)]

believe /biˈli:v/ v.  1 tr.  accept as true or as conveying the truth 相信；相信…的真实性  I believe it  我信 don't believe him  别信他 believes what he is told  相信他说的话 2 tr.  think, suppose 认为；想，猜想  I believe it's raining  我觉得在下雨 Mr Smith, I believe?  我想是史密斯先生？ 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  a  have faith in the existence of 信奉…的存在，信仰  believes in God  信仰上帝b  have confidence in (a remedy, a person, etc.) 对(治疗、某人等)有信心，信任  believes in alternative medicine  相信非传统性药物c  have trust in the advisability of 相信某人的劝说  believes in telling the truth  相信说的是实话 4 intr.  have (esp. religious) faith 信奉，信仰(尤指宗教) □ believe one's ears (or eyes)   accept that what one apparently hears or sees etc. is true 相信亲耳听见(或亲眼见到等)的事□ believe it or not  colloq.  it is true though surprising [口]信不信由你□ would you believe it?  colloq. [口]  = believe it or not □ believable  adj.  □ believability  /-ˌli:vəˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English belyˉfan, belēfan, with change of prefix from gelēfan, from Germanic: related to LIEF]

believer /biˈli:və/ n.  1  an adherent of a specified religion 信仰者，信徒 2  a person who believes, esp. in the efficacy of something 相信(尤指某物效能)的人  a great believer in exercise  相信运动的人

Belinda /biˈlində/   比琳达 [人名]

Belisha beacon /biˈli:ʃə/ n. Brit.  a flashing orange ball surmounted on a striped post, marking some pedestrian crossings [英]贝利沙人行横道指示灯(为橘黄色闪光灯) [L. Hore-Belisha (d. 1957), Minister of Transport 1934]

belittle /biˈlit(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  make seem unimportant; depreciate; disparage 轻视；小看；贬低 2  make small; diminish in size 使小；使缩小 □ belittlement  n.  □ belittler  n.  □ belittlingly  adv.  

Belize   伯利兹

Belizean /beˈli:ziən/ adj. & n.  伯利兹的(人)

bell1 /bel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hollow usu. metal object in the shape of a deep inverted cup usu. widening at the lip, made to sound a clear musical note when struck (either externally or by means of a clapper inside) (通常金属制，口部边缘开阔的)钟，铃(可从外部敲打或由里面的铃舌碰撞) 2  a  a sound or stroke of a bell, esp. as a signal (尤作为信号的)钟声，铃声b (prec. by a numeral 前接数目) Naut.  the time as indicated every half-hour of a watch by the striking of the ship's bell one to eight times 【海】八击钟，轮班钟 3  anything that sounds like or functions as a bell, esp. an electronic device that rings etc. as a signal (尤指电子设备，其声响等可作为信号的)如钟的东西 4  a  a bell-shaped object or part, e.g. of a musical instrument 钟状物(如乐器)b  the corolla of a flower when bell-shaped 钟状花冠 5 (in pl. 用复数) Mus.  a set of cylindrical metal tubes of different lengths, suspended in a frame and played by being struck with a hammer 【音】编钟乐器 ●v. tr.  1  provide with a bell or bells; attach a bell to 装铃于；系铃于 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  form into the shape of the lip of a bell 使成钟口状，使成铃口状 □ clear (or sound) as a bell   perfectly clear or sound 极为清晰□ give a person a bell  Brit. colloq.  telephone a person [英口]给某人打电话□ ring a bell  colloq.  revive a distant recollection; sound familiar [口]引起模糊记忆；听着熟悉 [Old English belle: perhaps related to BELL2]

bell2 /bel/ n. & v. ●n.  the cry of a stag or buck at rutting time (交尾期的)雄鹿鸣声 ●v. intr.  make this cry 雄鹿鸣叫 [Old English bellan ‘bark, bellow’]

belladonna /beləˈdɒnə/ n.  1  deadly nightshade 颠茄 2 Med.  a drug prepared from this 【医】颠茄制剂 [modern Latin from Italian bella donna ‘fair lady’, perhaps from the use of its juice to make the eyes brilliant by dilating the pupils]

belladonna lily n.  = AMARYLLIS 1 

bellbird /ˈbelbɜ:d/ n.  any of various birds with a bell-like song, esp. any Central or S. American bird of the genus Procnias, or a New Zealand honeyeater, Anthornis melanura (尤指中、南美洲钟雀属)钟雀；(新西兰)钟吸蜜鸟

bell-bottom n.  1  a marked flare below the knee (of a trouser leg) (裤腿的)喇叭口 2 (in pl. 用复数)  trousers with bell-bottoms 喇叭裤 □ bell-bottomed  adj.  

bellboy /ˈbelbɔi/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a page in a hotel or club [尤北美]旅馆侍者；俱乐部服务员

bell-buoy n.  a buoy equipped with a warning bell rung by the motion of the sea (装)钟浮标

belle /bel/ n.  1  a beautiful woman 美女 2  a woman recognized as the most beautiful 第一美人  the belle of the ball  舞会花魁 [French from Latin bella, fem. of bellus ‘beautiful’]

belle laide /bel ˈleid, 法 bɛl lɛd/ n. (pl. belles laides pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a fascinatingly ugly woman 别具魅力的丑女人 [French from belle ‘beautiful’ + laide ‘ugly’]

belles-lettres /belˈletrə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  writings or studies of a literary nature, esp. essays and criticisms 纯文学，纯文艺(尤指随笔和评论) □ belletrism  /belˈletriz(ə)m/ n.  □ belletrist  /belˈletrist/ n.  □ belletristic  /beləˈtristik/ adj.   [French, = fine letters]

belle époque /bel eiˈpɒk, 法 bɛl epɔk/ n.  the period of settled and comfortable life preceding the First World War (第一次世界大战前的)美好年代 [French, = fine period]

bellflower /ˈbelflaʊə/ n.  = CAMPANULA 

bell-founder n.  a person who casts large bells in a foundry 铸钟工人

bell-glass n.  a bell-shaped glass cover for plants (用于保护植物的)钟形玻璃罩

bellicose /ˈbelikəʊs/ adj.  eager to fight; warlike 爱打架的；好战的 □ bellicosity  /-ˈkɒsiti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin bellicosus, from bellum ‘war’]

belligerence /biˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 belligerency /-r(ə)nsi/)  1  aggressive or warlike behaviour 好战性；战争行为 2  the status of a belligerent 交战状态

belligerent /biˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  engaged in war or conflict 交战中的；在斗殴的 2  given to constant fighting; pugnacious 好战的，好斗的 ●n.  a nation or person engaged in war or conflict 交战国，交战的一方；斗殴者 □ belligerently  adv.   [Latin belligerare ‘wage war’, from bellum ‘war’ + gerere ‘wage’]

bell jar n.  a bell-shaped glass cover or container for use in a laboratory (实验室用的)钟形玻璃罩，钟形玻璃容器

bellman /ˈbelmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist.  a town crier [史义]敲钟者，更夫

bell metal n.  an alloy of copper and tin for making bells (the tin content being greater than in bronze) 钟铜，青铜(铜与锡的合金，锡比铜含量高)

bellow /ˈbeləʊ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  emit a deep loud roar 吼，大声叫b  cry or shout with pain (痛苦地)哭，叫 2 tr.  utter loudly and usu. angrily (通常愤怒地)怒吼 ●n.  a bellowing sound 怒吼声 [Middle English: perhaps related to BELL2]

bellows /ˈbeləʊz/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air when squeezed, esp. 风箱，尤指 :a (in full 全称 pair of bellows)  a kind with two handles used for blowing air on to a fire 手用吹风器，“皮老虎”b  a kind used in a harmonium or small organ (乐器的)风箱 2  an expandable component, e.g. joining the lens to the body of a camera (如照相机的)皮腔，折箱 [Middle English, probably from Old English belga, pl. of belig ‘BELLY’]

bell pull n.  a cord or handle which rings a bell when pulled 钟的拉索；铃扣

bell push n. Brit.  a button that operates an electric bell when pushed [英]电铃按钮

bell-ringer n.  a person who rings church bells or handbells 教堂敲钟的人；摇铃的人 □ bell-ringing  n.  

bells and whistles n. pl. esp. Computing  attractive additional features or trimmings; gimmicks (尤)【计算】华而不实的点缀品；装饰物 [an allusion to the old fairground organs with their multiplicity of bells and whistles]

Bell's palsy /belz/ n.  paralysis of the facial nerve causing muscular weakness in one side of the face 贝尔麻痹，面瘫，面神经麻痹 [Sir Charles Bell, Scottish anatomist d. 1842]

bell tent n.  a cone-shaped tent supported by a central pole 钟形帐篷

bell-wether n.  1  the leading sheep of a flock, with a bell on its neck 领头羊，系铃羊 2  a ringleader 首领，头目

belly /ˈbeli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the part of the human body below the chest, containing the stomach and bowels (人的)肚子 2  the stomach, esp. representing the body's need for food 胃(尤表示某人的食欲) 3  the front of the body from the waist to the groin 腹部 4  the underside of a four-legged animal 四脚动物的下部(腹部) 5  a  a cavity or bulging part of anything (物体的)凹凸部b  the surface of an instrument of the violin family, across which the strings are placed (弦乐器的)面板 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  swell or cause to swell; bulge (使)鼓起；膨胀 □ go belly up  esp. N. Amer. colloq.  go bankrupt; die [尤北美口]破产；死 [Old English belig (originally = bag), from Germanic]

bellyache /ˈbelieik/ n. & v. ●n. colloq.  a stomach pain [口]肚子痛，胃痛，腹痛 ●v. intr. slang  complain noisily or persistently [俚语]发牢骚；嘀咕抱怨 □ bellyacher  n.  

bellyband /ˈbelibænd/ n.  a band placed round a horse's belly, holding the shafts of a cart etc. (马与车轴等相连的)肚带

belly button n. colloq.  the navel [口]脐

belly dance n.  an oriental dance performed by a woman, involving voluptuous movements of the belly (东方)肚皮舞 □ belly dancer  n.  □ belly dancing  n.  

bellyflop /ˈbeliflɒp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a dive into water in which the body lands with the belly flat on the water 肚子先着水的跳水动作 ●v. intr. (-flopped, -flopping)  perform such a dive 肚子先着水地跳水

bellyful /ˈbelifʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  enough to eat 一肚子，满肚子 2 colloq.  enough or more than enough of anything (esp. unwelcome) [口]过量，过分(尤指不受欢迎)

belly landing n.  a crash landing of an aircraft on the underside of the fuselage, without lowering the undercarriage (飞机的)机腹着陆

belly laugh n.  a loud unrestrained laugh 捧腹大笑

belong /biˈlɒŋ/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  be the property of (财产)属于b  be rightly assigned to as a duty, right, part, member, characteristic, etc. (义务、权利、部分、成员、特征等)归属于，应归入c  be a member of (a club, family, group, etc.) 是(俱乐部、家庭、群体等)的成员 2  have the right personal or social qualities to be a member of a particular group 合得来，适宜  he's nice but just doesn't belong  他很棒，但就是格格不入 3 (foll. by 后跟 in, under) : a  be rightly placed or classified 应归入…地方，应放在…类b  fit a particular environment 适合…的环境 □ belongingness  n.   [Middle English from intensive BE- + longen ‘belong’ related to Old English gelang ‘at hand, together with’]

belongings /biˈlɒŋiŋz/ n. pl.  one's movable possessions or luggage 动产；行李

Belorussian /beləʊˈrʌʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Byelorussian /bjeləʊ-/) ●n.  1  a native of Belarus in eastern Europe (有关)白俄罗斯人 2  the East Slavonic language of Belarus 白俄罗斯语 ●adj.  of or relating to Belarus, its people, or its language (有关)白俄罗斯的；(有关)白俄罗斯人的；(有关)白俄罗斯语的 [Russian Belorussiya from belyĭ ‘white’ + Russiya ‘Russia’]

beloved /biˈlʌvid, -ˈlʌvd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  much loved 被热爱的；所钟爱的 ●n.  a much loved person 可爱的人，心爱的人 [obsolete belove, from intensive BE- + LOVE v.]

below /biˈləʊ/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  lower in position (vertically, down a slope or stream, etc.) than (纵深、坡面、小河等)在…下面 2  beneath the surface of; at or to a greater depth than 在…表面之下；在(到)…下面  head below water  头在水面以下 below 500 feet  500 英尺以下 3  lower or less than in amount or degree (数量、程度上)在…以下  below freezing point  冰点以下 4  lower in rank, position, or importance than (等级、地位、重要性)低于 5  unworthy of 不值得 ●adv.  1  at or to a lower point or level 在下面；到下面 2  a  downstairs 在楼下；到楼下  lives below  住在楼下b  downstream 在下游 3 (of a text reference) further forward on a page or in a book (文本参考)在一页的末端；在下文中  as noted below  如页末所注 4  on the lower side 下面，下方  looks similar above and below  整体上看有相似处 5 literary  on earth; in hell [文学用语]在世上；在地狱 □ below stairs  Brit.  in the basement of a house esp. as the part occupied by servants [英]在楼下，在地下室(尤指在仆人的住处) [BE- + LOW1]

Bel Paese /bel pɑ:ˈeizi/ n. propr.  a rich white mild creamy cheese of a kind originally made in Italy [商标] (意大利)“丽乡”乳酪 [Italian, = fair country]

belt /belt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strip of leather or other material worn round the waist or across the chest, esp. to retain or support clothes or to carry weapons or as a safety belt (尤指系住衣服、携带武器用的)带，腰带，肩带；安全带 2  a belt worn as a sign of rank or achievement 表示地位(或成就)的绶带 3  a  a circular band of material used as a driving medium in machinery 传动带b  a conveyor belt 输送带c  a flexible strip carrying machine-gun cartridges 子弹带 4  a strip of colour or texture etc. differing from that on each side (颜色、织物等的)颜色带 5  a distinct region or extent 地区；地带  cotton belt  产棉地区 commuter belt  月票居民带 a belt of rain  降雨带 6 slang  a heavy blow [俚语]打击，猛击 ●v.  1 tr.  put a belt round 在…系带子，用带系上 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  fasten with a belt 用带扎牢 3 tr.  a  beat with a belt 用皮带抽打b slang  hit hard [俚语]痛打 4 intr. slang  rush, hurry [俚语]快走，急走 usu. with compl. 通常与补语连用 : belted along  一路飞驶 belted home  急忙赶回家 □ below the belt   unfair or unfairly; disregarding the rules 不公的(地)；违规的(地)□ belt and braces  Brit. (of a policy etc.) of twofold security [英] (政策等)双重保险的□ belt out  slang  sing or utter loudly and forcibly [俚语]高歌，大声说话□ belt up   1 slang  be quiet [俚语]保持安静 2 colloq.  put on a seat belt [口]系上座位上的安全带□ tighten one's belt   live more frugally 勒紧裤带，省吃俭用□ under one's belt   1 (of food) eaten (食物)已吃进肚子，在胃中 2  securely acquired 已获得的，已得到的  has a degree under her belt  她已拿到了学位□ belter  n. (esp. in sense of belt out 尤用于 belt out 的释义)   [Old English via Germanic from Latin balteus]

Beltane /ˈbeltein/ n.  an ancient Celtic festival celebrated on May Day (古代 5 月 1 日凯尔特人的)五朔节 [Gaelic bealltainn]

belt drive n.  a driving mechanism powered by a continuous flexible belt 皮带传动(装置)

belted galloway  see 见 GALLOWAY 1 

beltman /ˈbeltmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Austral.  a member of a life-saving team of surfers [澳] (冲浪)救生员

beltway /ˈbeltwei/ n. US [美]  1  a ring road 环形公路，环路 2 (usu. 通常作 Beltway) (often 常作 attrib.)  Washington, DC, esp. as representing the perceived insularity of the US government 华盛顿特区的(尤象征美国政府)

beluga /biˈlu:ɡə/ n.  1  a  a large kind of sturgeon, Huso huso 鲟b  caviar obtained from it 鲟子酱 2  a white whale 白鲸 [Russian beluga from belyĭ ‘white’]

belvedere /ˈbelvidiə/ n.  a summer house or open-sided gallery usu. at rooftop level (通常顶层的)望楼，观景楼 [Italian from bel ‘beautiful’ + vedere ‘see’]

belying pres. part.  of BELIE  

BEM abbr.  British Empire Medal [缩略]不列颠帝国勋章

bemire /biˈmaiə/ v. tr.  1  cover or stain with mud 被泥弄脏，使沾上污泥 2 (in passive 用被动)  be stuck in mud 陷入泥中 [BE- + MIRE]

bemoan /biˈməʊn/ v. tr.  1  express regret or sorrow over; lament 悲叹；哀悼，惋惜 2  complain about 对…不满，抱怨 [BE- + MOAN]

bemuse /biˈmju:z/ v. tr.  stupefy or bewilder (a person) 使…迷迷糊糊，使(某人)茫然，使发呆 □ bemusedly  /-zidli/ adv.  □ bemusement  n.   [BE- + MUSE2]

Ben /ben/   本 [人名]

ben1 /ben/ n. Sc.  a high mountain or mountain peak, esp. in names [苏格兰] (尤指用名称命名的)山峰  Ben Nevis  尼维斯峰 [Gaelic beann]

ben2 /ben/ n. Sc.  an inner room, esp. of a two-roomed cottage [苏格兰] (尤指相连二室的农舍的)内室 [elliptical use of ben (adv.), = within (Old English binnan)]

bench /ben(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long seat of wood or stone for seating several people 长凳，条凳 2  a working-table, e.g. for a carpenter, mechanic, or scientist (如木工、机工或科研人员用的)工作台 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the office of judge or magistrate 法官(或地方行政官)的职位b  a judge's seat in a law court 法官席c  a law court 法庭d  judges and magistrates collectively 法官(总称) 4 (often in pl. 常用复数) Sport  an area to the side of a pitch, with seating where coaches and players not taking part can watch the game 【运动】教练员和运动员的场外席 5 Brit. Parl.  a seat appropriated as specified [英] [议]议员席  front bench  前座议员 6  a level ledge in masonry or an earthwork, on a hill-slope, etc. (山坡等上的)平台，阶地 ●v. tr.  1  exhibit (a dog) at a show 展览(狗) 2 N. Amer. Sport  withdraw (a player) from the pitch to the benches [北美]【运动】使(运动员)退出比赛(坐到替补队员席上) □ on the bench   1  appointed a judge or magistrate 当法官，当地方行政官 2 Sport  acting as substitute or reserve 【运动】当替补，作后备 [Old English benc from Germanic: related to BANK1]

bencher /ˈben(t)ʃə/ n.  1 Brit. Law  a senior member of any of the Inns of Court [英]【法律】英国律师学院的主管委员 2 (in comb. 用复合词) Parl.  an occupant of a specified bench [议]特殊议席  backbencher  后座议员

benchmark /ˈben(t)ʃmɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a surveyor's mark cut in a wall, pillar, building, etc., used as a reference point in measuring altitudes (墙、柱、建筑物等上的)水准基点，水准标点 2  a  a standard or point of reference 标准，基准b  a problem designed to evaluate the performance of a computer system (计算机系统的)基准测试(程序) ●v. tr.  evaluate or check by comparison with a benchmark (用基准)测量性能

benchmark test n.  a test using a benchmark 基准测试

bench test n. & v. esp. Computing (尤)【计算】  ●n.  a test carried out on a machine, component, etc. before it is released for use (机器、部件等投放使用前的)测试 ●v. tr.  run a bench test on 测试

bend1 /bend/ v. & n. ●v. (past bent; past part. bent except in 除用于 bended knee)  1  a tr.  force or adapt (something straight) into a curve or angle 使(直物)弯曲b intr. (of an object) be altered in this way (某物)变弯曲 2 intr.  move or stretch in a curved course 转弯，转向  the road bends to the left  公路向左弯去 3 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, over, etc.)  incline or cause to incline from the vertical 屈身，俯身  bent down to pick it up  弯腰把它拾起来 4 tr.  interpret or modify (a rule) to suit oneself 解释，修改(规则) 5 tr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 to, on)  direct or devote (oneself or one's attention, energies, etc.) 使(自己)专注于；把(注意力、精力等)集中于 6 tr.  turn (one's steps or eyes) in a new direction 把(某人的脚步或目光)移向 7 tr. (in passive 用被语 ; foll. by 后跟 on)  have firmly decided; be determined 决心要；一心要  was bent on selling  执意要卖掉 on pleasure bent  愉快的决定 8  a intr.  stoop or submit 屈服，顺从  bent before his master  在他主人面前毕恭毕敬b tr.  force to submit 使服从 9 tr. Naut.  attach (a sail or cable) with a knot 【海】系，系紧(帆或绳索) ●n.  1  a curve in a road or other course 弯曲 2  a departure from a straight course 弯，曲 3  a bent part of anything 弯曲处 4 (作 the bends) colloq.  decompression sickness, esp. in divers [口] (尤指潜水员的)减压病 □ bend over backwards   see 见 BACKWARDS □ round (or US [美] around) the bend  colloq.  crazy, insane [口]疯狂的，发疯的□ bendable  adj.   [Old English bendan, from Germanic]

bend2 /bend/ n.  1 Naut.  any of various knots for tying ropes 【海】索结  fisherman's bend  渔人打的索结 2 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  a diagonal stripe from top right to bottom left of a shield 右斜线b (bend sinister)  a diagonal stripe from top left to bottom right, as a sign of bastardy 左斜线(庶出标记) [Old English bend ‘band, bond’, from Germanic]

bender /ˈbendə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a wild drinking spree 狂饮 2 offens.  a homosexual [冒犯]搞同性性关系的人 [BEND1 + -ER1]

bendy /ˈbendi/ adj. (bendier, bendiest) colloq.  capable of bending; soft and flexible [口]可弯曲的；柔软的，柔韧的 □ bendiness  n.  

beneath /biˈni:θ/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  not worthy of; too demeaning for 不值得；有失…的身份  it was beneath him to reply  回答这件事有失他的身份 2  below, under 在…的下方，在…的底下 ●adv.  below, under, underneath 在下方，在下，在底下 □ beneath contempt   see 见 CONTEMPT  [Old English binithan, bineothan, from bi BY + nithan etc. ‘below’, from Germanic]

benedicite /beniˈdaisiti/ n.  a blessing, esp. a grace said at table in religious communities 祈福(尤其用在宗教社团的饭桌上) [Middle English from Latin, = bless ye: see BENEDICTION]

Benedictine n. & adj. ●n. /beniˈdiktin/  1  a monk or nun of an order following the rule of St Benedict established c. 540 本笃会修士(或修女) 2 /beniˈdikti:n/ propr.  a liqueur based on brandy, originally made by Benedictines in France [商标]本尼迪克特甜酒 ●adj. /beniˈdiktin/  of St Benedict or the Benedictines 修士(或修女)的；本尼迪克特甜酒的本笃会的 [French bénédictine or modern Latin benedictinus, from Benedictus Benedict]

benediction /beniˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the utterance of a blessing, esp. at the end of a religious service or as a special Roman Catholic service 祝福(尤指礼拜结束或罗马天主教的一种特殊仪式) 2  the state of being blessed 赐福祈祷 [Middle English via Old French from Latin benedictio -onis, from benedicere -dict- ‘bless’]

benedictory /beniˈdikt(ə)ri/ adj.  of or expressing benediction 祈福的，表示祝福的 [Latin benedictorius (as BENEDICTION)]

Benedictus /beniˈdiktəs/ n.  1  the section of the Roman Catholic Mass beginning Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini (Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord) 《和散那颂》 2  a canticle beginning Benedictus Dominus Deus (Blessed be the Lord God) from Luke 1:68 － 79 《以色列颂》 [Latin, = blessed: see BENEDICTION]

benefaction /beniˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a donation or gift 捐款，捐助物 2  an act of giving or doing good 善行 [Late Latin benefactio (as BENEFIT)]

benefactor /ˈbenifæktə/ n. (fem. benefactress /-tris/)  a person who gives support (esp. financial) to a person or cause (尤指经济方面的)捐助人，恩人 [Middle English from Late Latin (as BENEFIT)]

benefice /ˈbenifis/ n.  1  a living from a Church office 圣职人员的薪俸 2  the property attached to a Church office, esp. that bestowed on a rector or vicar (尤指赐于教区长或教区牧师的)封地 □ beneficed  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin beneficium ‘favour’, from bene ‘well’ + facere ‘do’]

beneficent /biˈnefis(ə)nt/ adj.  doing good; generous, actively kind 行善的；仁慈的，慈善的 □ beneficence  n.  □ beneficently  adv.   [Latin beneficent- (as BENEFICE)]

beneficial /beniˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  advantageous; having benefits 有好处的；有益的 2  improving the health 有利健康的 3 Law  relating to the use or benefit of property; having rights to this use or benefit 【法律】有关享受利益的；有权受益的，有使用权的 □ beneficially  adv.   [Middle English from French bénéficial or Late Latin beneficialis (as BENEFICE)]

beneficiary /beniˈfiʃ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person who receives benefits, esp. under a trust, will, or life insurance policy (尤指信托、遗嘱、保险的)受益人 2  a holder of a Church living 受俸牧师 [Latin beneficiarius (as BENEFICE)]

benefit /ˈbenifit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a favourable or helpful factor or circumstance; advantage, profit 益处，好处；帮助，便利 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  payment made under insurance, social security, welfare, etc. 保险赔偿费，社会安全保障费(福利津贴等)  sickness benefit  疾病补助费 3  a public performance or game of which the proceeds go to a particular player or company or charitable cause 义演，义赛 ●v. (benefited, benefiting; US [美] benefitted, benefitting)  1 tr.  do good to; bring advantage to 有益于，有利于 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, by)  receive an advantage or gain 受益，得益 □ benefit of clergy   1 hist.  exemption of the English tonsured clergy and nuns from the jurisdiction of the ordinary civil courts [史义]神职人员(不受普通法院审判)的特权 2  ecclesiastical sanction or approval 教会的批准，教会的许可  marriage without benefit of clergy  没有教会证明的婚姻□ the benefit of the doubt   a concession that a person is innocent, correct, etc., although doubt exists 虽存疑但承认某人无罪(或无过等) [Middle English via Anglo-French benfet, Old French bienfet from Latin benefactum, from bene facere ‘do well’]

benefit society n.  = FRIENDLY SOCIETY 

Benelux /ˈbenilʌks/ n.  Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in association as a regional economic group 比荷卢经济联盟 [Belgium + Netherlands + Luxembourg]

benevolent /biˈnev(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  1  wishing to do good; actively friendly and helpful 愿做好事的；乐善好施的 2  charitable 慈善的  benevolent fund  慈善基金 benevolent society  慈善团体 □ benevolence  n.  □ benevolently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French benivolent from Latin bene volens -entis ‘well wishing’ from bene ‘well’ + velle ‘wish’]

B.Eng. abbr.  Bachelor of Engineering [缩略]工学士

Bengali /beŋˈɡɔ:li/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Bengalis)  1  a native of Bengal, a former Indian province now consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of W. Bengal 孟加拉人 2  the language of the Bengalis 孟加拉语 ●adj.  of or relating to Bengal or its people or language (有关)孟加拉的；(有关)孟加拉人的；(有关)孟加拉语的

Bengal light /beŋˈɡɔ:l/ n.  a kind of firework giving off a blue flame, used for signals 信号烟火，孟加拉烟火

Benghazi /beŋˈgɑ:zi/ n.  班加西 [利比亚港市]

benighted /biˈnaitid/ adj.  1  intellectually or morally ignorant 愚昧的，无知的 2  overtaken by darkness 陷入黑暗的 □ benightedness  n.   [obsolete benight (v.) from BE- + NIGHT]

benign /biˈnain/ adj.  1  gentle, mild, kindly 仁慈的，亲切的，宽厚的 2  fortunate, salutary 幸运的，有益的 3 (of the climate, soil, etc.) mild, favourable (气候、土壤等)温和的，良好的 4 Med. (of a disease, tumour, etc.) not malignant 【医】(疾病、肿瘤等)良性的 □ benignly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French benigne from Latin benignus, from bene ‘well’ + -genus ‘born’]

benignant /biˈniɡnənt/ adj.  1  kindly, esp. to inferiors (尤指对地位低的人)仁慈的，宽厚的 2  salutary, beneficial 有益的，有利的 3 Med. 【医】  = BENIGN 4  □ benignancy  n.  □ benignantly  adv.   [BENIGN, or Latin benignus, on the pattern of malignant]

benignity /biˈniɡniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  kindliness 仁慈，宽厚 2  an act of kindness 善行 [Middle English from Old French benignité or Latin benignitas (as BENIGN)]

benign neglect n.  non-interference or neglect, intended to benefit the subject more than continual attention 善意的不干涉(或忽视)

Benin   贝宁

Beninese /beniˈni:z/ adj. & n.  贝宁的(人)

benison /ˈbeniz(ə)n, -s-/ n. archaic  a blessing [古义]祝福 [Middle English via Old French beneiçun from Latin benedictio -onis BENEDICTION]

Benjamin /ˈbendʒəmin/   本杰明 [人名]

bent1 /bent/ past and past part. of BEND1 v.; adj. & n. ●adj.  1  curved or having an angle 卷曲的，弯曲的 2 esp. Brit. slang  dishonest, illicit [尤英] [俚语]不正直的，贪赃枉法的 3 Brit. slang offens.  sexually deviant; homosexual [英] [俚语] [冒犯]同性恋的；同性性关系的 4 (foll. by 后跟 on)  determined to do or have 决心的，决意的 ●n.  1  an inclination or bias 偏向，倾向 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  a talent for something specified (某些方面的)天才  a bent for mimicry  模仿天才

bent2 /bent/ n.  1  a  any stiff grass of the genus Agrostis 翦股颖属杂草b  any of various grasslike reeds, rushes, or sedges 杂草，苇草，灯心草，蓑衣草 2  a stiff stalk of a grass usu. with a flexible base (通常带柔性基层的)草茎，草埂 3 Brit. archaic or dial.  a heath or unenclosed pasture [英古义] [方]石南丛生的荒野；荒草牧场 [Middle English representing Old English beonet- (in place names), from Germanic]

Benthamism /ˈbentəmiz(ə)m, ˈbenθ-/ n.  the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher d. 1832 边沁主义，功利主义 □ Benthamite  n. & adj.  

benthos /ˈbenθɒs/ n.  the flora and fauna found at the bottom of a sea or lake 海底生物，水底生物 □ benthic  adj.   [Greek, = depth of the sea]

bentonite /ˈbentənait/ n.  a kind of absorbent clay used esp. as a filler (尤作为掺入物的)膨润土 [Fort Benton in Montana, US, where it is found]

ben trovato /ben trə(ʊ)ˈvɑ:təʊ, 意 ben troˈvɑ:to/ adj.  1  well invented 精心编造的 2  characteristic if not true 典型但不真实的 [Italian, = well found]

bentwood /ˈbentwʊd/ n.  wood that is artificially shaped for use in making furniture (做家具用的)弯木

benumb /biˈnʌm/ v. tr.  1  make numb; deaden 使麻木，使失去感觉 2  paralyse (the mind or feelings) (心灵、感情)使麻痹，使呆滞 [originally = deprived, as past part. of Middle English benimen from Old English beniman (as BE-, niman ‘take’)]

Benzedrine /ˈbenzidri:n/ n. propr.  amphetamine [商标]苯扎明 [BENZOIC + EPHEDRINE]

benzene /ˈbenzi:n/ n.  a colourless carcinogenic volatile liquid found in coal tar, petroleum, etc., and used as a solvent and in the manufacture of plastics etc. Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H6 (煤焦油、石油等中含的)苯(用作塑料等生产中的溶剂)苯 □ benzenoid  adj.   [BENZOIC + -ENE]

benzene ring n.  the hexagonal unsaturated ring of six carbon atoms in the benzene molecule 苯环

benzine /ˈbenzi:n/ n. (also 亦作 benzin /-zin/)  a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum (石油)挥发油，(轻质)汽油 [BENZOIN + -INE4]

benzodiazepine /ˌbenzəʊdaiˈeizipi:n, -ˈæzəpi:n/ n. Pharm.  any class of heterocyclic organic compounds used as tranquillizers, including Librium and Valium 【药】苯并二氮杂[上“艹”下“卓”]类(包括利瑞尔和威安舒) [chemical name formed as benzo- (from BENZENE) + DI-1 + AZO- + EPI- + -INE4]

benzoic /benˈzəʊik/ adj.  containing or derived from benzoin or benzoic acid 苯甲酸的，安息香的 [BENZOIN + -IC]

benzoic acid n.  a white crystalline substance used as a food preservative Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C7H6O2 苯甲酸，安息香酸

benzoin /ˈbenzəʊin/ n.  1  a fragrant gum resin obtained from various E. Asian trees of the genus Styrax, and used in the manufacture of perfumes and incense also called 亦称作 gum benjamin 安息香(胶) 2 Chem.  a white crystalline aromatic ketone present in this 【化】苯偶姻，二苯乙醇酮 [earlier benjoin, ultimately from Arabic lubɑˉn jɑˉwī ‘incense of Java’]

benzol /ˈbenzɒl/ n. (also 亦作 benzole /-zəʊl/)  benzene, esp. unrefined and used as a fuel (尤指未提炼、用作燃料的)粗制苯

benzoquinone /benzəʊˈkwinəʊn/ n. Chem.  a yellow crystalline compound related to benzene but having the hydrogen atoms on a pair of opposite carbon atoms replaced by oxygen Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H4O2 【化】苯醌

benzoyl /ˈbenzəʊil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the radical C6H5CO － 【化】苯(甲)酰

benzyl /ˈbenzail, -zil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the radical C6H5CH2 － 【化】苄基，苯甲基

bequeath /biˈkwi:ð/ v. tr.  1  leave (a personal estate) to a person by a will 按遗嘱遗赠(个人动产) 2  hand down to posterity 传给后代 □ bequeathal  n.  □ bequeather  n.   [Old English becwethan (as BE-, cwethan ‘say’: cf. QUOTH)]

bequest /biˈkwest/ n.  1  the act or an instance of bequeathing 遗赠 2  a thing bequeathed 遗产，遗物 [Middle English, from BE- + obsolete quiste from Old English -cwiss, cwide ‘saying, testament’]

berate /biˈreit/ v. tr.  scold, rebuke 训斥，严责 [BE- + RATE2]

Berber /ˈbɜ:bə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the indigenous mainly Muslim Caucasian peoples of N. Africa (北非)柏柏尔人 2  the language of these peoples 柏柏尔语 ●adj.  of the Berbers or their language 柏柏尔人的；柏柏尔语的 [Arabic barbar]

berberis /ˈbɜ:bəris/ n.  = BARBERRY  [medieval Latin & Old French, of unknown origin]

berceuse /bɛəˈsɜ:z, 法 bersøz/ n. (pl. berceuses pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a lullaby 催眠曲 2  an instrumental piece in the style of a lullaby 摇篮器乐曲，催眠器乐曲 [French, from bercer ‘to rock’]

bereave /biˈri:v/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of a relation, friend, etc., esp. by death (尤因死亡)使丧失(亲人、朋友等) □ bereaved  adj.  □ bereavement  n.   [Old English berēafian (as BE-, REAVE)]

bereft /biˈreft/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprived (esp. of a non-material asset) 被夺去的，失去的(尤指非物质财产)  bereft of hope  失望 [past part. of BEREAVE]

beret /ˈberei, -ri/ n.  a round flattish cap of felt or cloth 贝雷帽 [French béret ‘Basque cap’ from Provençal berret]

berg1 /bɜ:ɡ/ n.  = ICEBERG  [abbreviation]

berg2 /bɜ:ɡ/ n. S. Afr.  a mountain or hill [南非]山 [Afrikaans from Dutch]

bergamot1 /ˈbɜ:ɡəmɒt/ n.  1  an aromatic herb, esp. Mentha citrata 薄荷属芳香草木植物(尤指香柠檬) 2  an oily perfume extracted from the rind of the fruit of the citrus tree Citrus bergamia, a dwarf variety of the Seville orange tree 香柠檬橘油 3  the tree itself 香柠檬树 [Bergamo in N. Italy]

bergamot2 /ˈbɜ:ɡəmɒt/ n.  a variety of fine pear 王子梨 [French bergamotte via Italian bergamotta from Turkish begarmudu ‘prince's pear’, from beg ‘prince’ + armud ‘pear’ + -u possessive suffix]

bergschrund /ˈbɜ:ɡʃrʊnd/ n.  a crevasse or gap at the head of a glacier or névé 冰(川)上端的龟裂 [German]

berg wind n.  a hot dry northerly wind blowing from the interior to coastal districts 山风

beribboned /biˈrib(ə)nd/ adj.  decorated with ribbons 用缎带装饰的

beriberi /beriˈberi/ n.  a disease causing inflammation of the nerves and heart failure, due to a deficiency of vitamin B1 脚气病 [Sinhalese, from beri ‘weakness’]

Bering Sea n.  白令海 [太平洋北端]

berk /bɜ:k/ n. (also 亦作 burk) Brit. slang  a fool; a stupid person [英] [俚语]傻瓜；呆子 [abbreviation of Berkeley or Berkshire Hunt, rhyming slang for cunt]■Usage 用法说明 Despite its etymology, this word is not usually considered to be obscene. 这个词的词源有猥亵之义，但现在通常都不这么看。 

berkelium /bɜ:ˈki:liəm, ˈbɜ:kliəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced by bombardment of americium (symbol 符 Bk) 【化】(化学元素)锫 [modern Latin from Berkeley in California (where it was first made) + -IUM]

Berks. /bɑ:ks/ abbr.  Berkshire [缩略]伯克夏郡

Berlin /bɜ:ˈlin/ n.  柏林 [德国首都]

Berliner /bɜ:ˈlinə/ n.  1  a native or citizen of Berlin in Germany 柏林人；柏林居民 2  a lightly fried yeast bun with jam filling and vanilla icing 伯林纳面包 [German]

berm /bɜ:m/ n.  1  a narrow path or grass strip beside a road, canal, etc. (马路、运河等两边的)边道，便道 2  a narrow ledge, esp. in a fortification between a ditch and the base of a parapet (尤指城墙工事与外壕之间的)狭道 3  an artificial ridge or embankment 人工筑堤，河堤，路堤 [French berme from Dutch berm]

Bermuda /bəˈmju:də/ n.  百慕大 [大西洋西北部]

Bermudan /bəˈmju:dən/ adj. & n.  百慕大的(人)

Bermuda shorts /bəˈmju:də/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Bermudas)  close-fitting shorts reaching the knees 百慕大短裤 [Bermuda in the W. Atlantic]

Bermuda triangle /bəˈmju:də/ n.  an area of the western Atlantic where ships and aircraft are reported to have disappeared without trace 百慕大(神秘)三角(区)

Bernadette /ˌbɜ:nəˈdet/   伯纳黛特 [人名]

Bernard /ˈbɜ:nəd/   伯纳德 [人名]

Bernie /ˈbɜ:ni/   伯尼 [人名]

berry /ˈberi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  any small roundish juicy fruit without a stone 浆果(水分多无核小圆果) 2 Bot.  a fruit with its seeds enclosed in a pulp (e.g. a banana, tomato, etc.) 【植】(种子长在果肉里的)浆果(如香蕉、西红柿等) 3  any of various kernels or seeds (e.g. coffee bean etc.) 干果仁，干种子(如咖啡豆等) 4  a fish egg or roe of a lobster etc. (鱼、龙虾等的)卵 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (usu. as 通常作 berrying n.)  go gathering berries 采集浆果 2  form a berry; bear berries 长出浆果；结出浆果 □ berried  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English berie, from Germanic]

berserk /bəˈsɜ:k, -z-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. in 尤用于 go berserk)  wild, frenzied; in a violent rage 狂暴的；发疯的 ●n. (also 亦作 berserker /-kə/)  an ancient Norse warrior who fought with a wild frenzy (北欧传说中的战前喜饮酒的)狂暴武士 [Icelandic berserkr (n.) probably from bern- BEAR2 + serkr ‘coat’]

Bert /bɜ:t/   伯特 [人名]

berth /bɜ:θ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fixed bunk on a ship, train, etc., for sleeping in (船、火车等上的)卧铺 2  a ship's place at a wharf 停泊位，锚位 3  room for a ship to swing at anchor 船台 4  adequate sea room 宽广水区；安全距离 5 colloq.  a situation or appointment [口]地位；职位 6  the proper place for anything 合适位置 ●v.  1 tr.  moor (a ship) in its berth 使(船)停泊 2 tr.  provide a sleeping place for 给…提供铺位 3 intr. (of a ship) come to its mooring place (船)停泊 □ give a wide berth to   stay away from 远离 [probably from nautical use of BEAR1 + -TH2]

bertha /ˈbɜ:θə/ n.  1  a deep falling collar often of lace 花边宽领 2  a small cape on a dress (女装上的)小披肩 [French berthe from Berthe ‘Bertha’ (the name)]

Beryl /ˈberil/   贝里尔 [人名]

beryl /ˈberil/ n.  1  a kind of transparent precious stone, esp. pale green, blue, or yellow, consisting of beryllium aluminium silicate in a hexagonal form (尤指浅绿、兰、黄色)绿柱石，绿玉 2  a mineral species which includes this, emerald, and aquamarine 绿柱石矿 [Middle English via Old French from Latin beryllus, from Greek bērullos]

beryllium /bəˈriliəm/ n. Chem.  a hard white metallic element used in the manufacture of light corrosion-resistant alloys (symbol 符 Be) 【化】(化学元素)铍 [BERYL + -IUM]

beseech /biˈsi:tʃ/ v. tr. (past and past part. besought /-ˈsɔ:t/ or beseeched)  1 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  entreat 恳求，乞求 2  ask earnestly for 急切地要求 □ beseeching  adj.   [Middle English from BE- + Old English secan SEEK]

beset /biˈset/ v. tr. (besetting; past and past part. beset)  1  attack or harass persistently 围攻；困扰  beset by worries  烦恼重重 2  surround or hem in (a person etc.) 包围，围绕住(某人等) 3 archaic  cover round with [古义]镶，嵌  beset with pearls  用珍珠镶嵌 □ besetting sin   the sin that especially or most frequently tempts one 积重难返的恶习 [Old English besettan, from Germanic]

beside /biˈsaid/ prep.  1  at the side of; near 在…旁边；在…附近 2  compared with 和…相比 3  irrelevant to 与…无关  beside the point  离题 □ beside oneself   overcome with worry, anger, etc. (因焦虑、生气等)发狂，失常 [Old English be sīdan (as BY, SIDE)]

besides /biˈsaidz/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  in addition to; apart from 还有；除…外 ●adv.  also; as well; moreover 而且；另外；更■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference in meaning between the prepositions beside and besides. Beside was in the past used to mean ‘in addition to, apart from’, but this is now rare. 注意介词 beside 和 besides 的不同含意， beside 过去常用来表示“还有，除 … 外”，但现在这种用法少见。 

besiege /biˈsi:dʒ/ v. tr.  1  lay siege to 围，包围 2  crowd round oppressively 挤在…周围 3  harass with requests (以请求)困扰，缠磨 □ besieger  n.   [Middle English from assiege by substitution of BE-, via Old French asegier from Romanic]

besmear /biˈsmiə/ v. tr.  1  smear with a greasy or sticky substance 涂搽，涂抹 2  sully (a reputation etc.) 破坏，玷污(名誉等) [Old English bismierwan (as BE-, SMEAR)]

besmirch /biˈsmɜ:tʃ/ v. tr.  1  soil, discolour 抹脏，染污；使褪色 2  dishonour; sully the reputation or name of 沾污，糟蹋 [BE- + SMIRCH]

besom /ˈbi:z(ə)m, ˈbiz-/ n.  1  a broom made of twigs tied round a stick 长把扫帚 2 esp. N. Engl. derog. or joc.  a woman [尤英格兰北部] [贬] [诙]娘们；(坏)女人 [Old English besema, from West Germanic]

besotted /biˈsɒtid/ adj.  1  infatuated 迷恋的 2  foolish, confused 傻的，糊涂的 3  intoxicated, stupefied 沉醉的，麻木的，发呆的 [besot (v.) (as BE-, SOT)]

besought past and past part.  of BESEECH 

bespangle /biˈspæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  adorn with spangles 饰以亮晶晶的东西

bespatter /biˈspætə/ v. tr.  1  spatter (an object) all over 把(某物)溅污 2  spatter (liquid etc.) about 使(液体等)溅出 3  overwhelm with abuse etc. (恶语等)诽谤，辱骂

bespeak /biˈspi:k/ v. tr. (past bespoke /-ˈspəʊk/; past part. bespoken /-ˈspəʊk(ə)n/ or as 或作 adj. bespoke)  1  engage in advance 预约，预定 2  order (goods) 定(货) 3  suggest; be evidence of 表示；证明  his gift bespeaks a kind heart  他的礼物表明了他的好心 4 literary  speak to [文学用语]与…谈话 [Old English bisprecan (as BE-, SPEAK)]

bespectacled /biˈspektək(ə)ld/ adj.  wearing spectacles 戴眼镜的

bespoke /biˈspəʊk/ past and past part. of BESPEAK; adj. Brit. [英]  1 (of goods, esp. clothing) made to order (物品，尤指衣服)定做的 2 (of a tradesman) making goods to order (商人)定货的

bespoken past part.  of BESPEAK  

besprinkle /biˈspriŋk(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  sprinkle or strew all over with liquid etc. 用(液体等)洒，散布 2  sprinkle (liquid etc.) over 洒(液体等) [Middle English (as BE-, SPRINKLE)]

Bess /bes/   贝丝 [人名]

Bessemer converter /ˈbesimə/ n.  a special furnace used to purify pig-iron using the Bessemer process 酸性转炉，贝塞麦转炉 [Sir H. Bessemer, English engineer d. 1898]

Bessemer process /ˈbesimə/ n.  a process once widely used, in which air is blown through molten pig-iron to remove carbon, silicon, and other impurities in order to render it suitable for making steel 酸性转炉法，贝塞麦炼钢法

Bessie /ˈbesi/   贝西 [人名]

best /best/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj. (superl. of GOOD)  of the most excellent or outstanding or desirable kind 最好的，最优秀的，最理想的  my best work  我的最理想的工作 the best solution  最好的解决方法 the best thing to do would be to confess  最好的办法就是坦白 ●adv. (superl. of WELL1)  1  in the best manner 最好地  does it best  做出色点 2  to the greatest degree 最，极其  like it best  最喜欢它 3  most usefully 最有效地  is best ignored  最好不理 ●n.  1  that which is best 最好的东西  the best is yet to come  最好的还在后面 2  the chief merit or advantage 主要的长处，优点  brings out the best in him  把他的长处充分发挥出来 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a winning majority of (a certain number of games etc. played) (比赛等中数字上的)大部分胜利；优势  the best of five  五战三胜 4  = SUNDAY BEST  ●v. tr. colloq.  defeat, outwit, outbid, etc. [口]打败，胜过(超过等) □ all the best   an expression used to wish a person good fortune 祝好运，祝一切顺利□ as best one can (or may)   as effectively as possible under the circumstances 尽最大努力□ at best   on the most optimistic view 就最乐观的一方面看□ at one's best   in peak condition etc. 处在最好状态(全盛时期等)□ at the best of times   even in the most favourable circumstances 即使在最好的情况下□ be for (or all for) the best   be desirable in the end 结果总会好的□ the best part of   most of 大多数□ do one's best   do all one can 尽力□ get the best of   defeat, outwit 打败，胜过□ give a person (or thing) best  (also absol. [亦含宾]) Brit.  admit the superiority of; give way to [英]承认不如…；向…认输□ had best   would find it wisest to 最好□ make the best of   derive what limited advantage one can from (something unsatisfactory or unwelcome); put up with 充分利用(不满意或不受欢迎的东西)，尽情享用□ to the best of one's ability, knowledge, etc.   as far as one can do, know, etc. 竭力，竭尽所能(竭尽所知等)□ with the best of them   as well as anyone 和(他们中的)任何人一样好 [Old English betest (adj.), bet(o)st (adv.), from Germanic]

best bower  see 见 BOWER2 

best boy n. esp. US  the assistant to the chief electrician of a film crew [尤美] (电影制作组的)主要灯光助理

best buy n.  the purchase giving the best value in proportion to its price; a bargain 买得合算；(做成)好交易

best end of neck n. Brit.  the rib end of a neck of lamb etc. for cooking [英] (羊等的)颈部肋条

bestial /ˈbestiəl/ adj.  1  brutish, cruel, savage 残忍的，野蛮的，残酷的 2  sexually depraved; lustful 兽欲的；淫欲的 3  of or like a beast 野兽的，野兽般的 □ bestialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ bestially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin bestialis from Latin bestia ‘beast’]

bestiality /bestiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  bestial behaviour or an instance of this 兽性，兽行 2  sexual intercourse between a person and an animal 兽奸 [French bestialité (as BESTIAL)]

bestiary /ˈbestiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a moralizing medieval treatise on real and imaginary beasts (中世纪的)动物寓言(集) [medieval Latin bestiarium from Latin bestia ‘beast’]

bestir /biˈstɜ:/ v. refl. (bestirred, bestirring)  exert or rouse (oneself) 使(自己)发奋，激励(自己)

best-known attrib. adj.  most well-known; most famous 众所周知的；著名的  his best-known novel  他的著名小说

best man n.  the bridegroom's chief attendant at a wedding (婚礼上的)男傧相

bestow /biˈstəʊ/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  confer (a gift, right, etc.) 给予，赠予(礼物、权利等) 2  deposit 存放，放置 □ bestowal  n.   [Middle English from BE- + Old English stow ‘a place’]

bestrew /biˈstru:/ v. tr. (past part. bestrewed or bestrewn /-ˈstru:n/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  cover or partly cover (a surface) 撒满，撒在(表面) 2  scatter (things) about (东西)撒 3  lie scattered over 散布在…之上 [Old English bestrēowian (as BE-, STREW)]

bestride /biˈstraid/ v. tr. (past bestrode /-ˈstrəʊd/; past part. bestridden /-ˈstrid(ə)n/)  1  sit astride on 骑，跨坐 2  stand astride over 两腿分跨站于 [Old English bestrīdan]

best-seller n.  1  a book or other item that has sold in large numbers 畅销书，畅销货 2 Brit.  the author of such a book [英]畅销书作者 □ best-selling  adj.  

bet /bet/ v. & n. ●v. (betting; past and past part. bet or betted)  1 intr. (foll. by on or against with reference to the outcome 用于结果时常后跟 on 或 against)  risk a sum of money etc. against another's on the basis of the outcome of an unpredictable event (esp. the result of a race, game, etc., or the outcome in a game of chance) (尤指以比赛、运动等或靠运气决定胜负的游戏，用一定数量的钱等)打赌 2 tr.  risk (an amount) on such an outcome or result 用(金额)打赌  bet £ 10 on a horse  把 10 英镑下赌在一匹马上 3 tr.  risk a sum of money against (a person) 与(某人)赌钱 4 tr. colloq.  feel sure [口]敢说，断定  bet they've forgotten it  肯定他们忘记了 ●n.  1  the act of betting 赌，打赌  make a bet  打赌 2  the money etc. staked (钱等的)赌金，赌注  put a bet on  下赌注于… 3 colloq.  an opinion, esp. a quickly formed or spontaneous one [口] (尤指快速作出的)意见  my bet is that he won't come  我认定他不会来 4 colloq.  a choice or course of action [口]选择；行动方针  she's our best bet  她是我们当中最适合的人 □ you bet  colloq.  you may be sure [口]千真万确 [16th c.: perhaps a shortened form of ABET]

beta /ˈbi:tə/ n.  1  the second letter of the Greek alphabet (B, β) 希腊语的第二个字母 (B, β) 2 Brit.  a second-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英]第二等分数 3 (Beta) Astron.  the second (usu. second-brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive: Beta Tauri) 【天】(通常亮度居第二位的) β星 4  the second member of a series (一系列中的)第二个 [Middle English via Latin from Greek]

beta blocker n. Pharm.  a drug that prevents the stimulation of increased cardiac action, used to treat angina and reduce high blood pressure 【药】β受体阻滞药

beta decay n.  radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted β衰变

betake /biˈteik/ v. refl. (past betook /biˈtʊk/; past part. betaken /biˈteik(ə)n/) (foll. by 后跟 to)  go to (a place or person) 去，往，到(某处、某人处)

beta particle n. (also 亦作 beta ray)  a fast-moving electron emitted by radioactive decay of substances (originally regarded as rays) β粒子(原视作射线)

beta rhythm n. (also 亦作 beta waves pl.) Physiol.  the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and alert, with a frequency of approx. 18 to 25 hertz 【生理】β节律，β波(大约 18 至 25 赫兹)

beta test n. & v. ●n.  a test of machinery, software, etc., in the final stages of its development, carried out by a party unconnected with its development (机器、软件等)β试验 ●v. tr.  subject (a product) to a beta test 给(产品)做β测试

betatron /ˈbi:tətrɒn/ n. Physics  an apparatus for accelerating electrons in a circular path by magnetic induction 【物理学】电子感应加速器 [BETA + -TRON]

betel /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n.  the leaf of the Asian evergreen climbing plant Piper betle, chewed in the East with parings of the areca nut 蒌叶 [Portuguese from Malayalam vettila]

betel-nut n.  the areca nut 槟榔果，槟榔子

Beth /beθ/   贝思 [人名]

bethink /biˈθiŋk/ v. refl. (past and past part. bethought /-ˈθɔ:t/) (foll. by 后跟 of, how, or that + clause) formal [正式]  1  reflect; stop to think 思考；反省 2  be reminded by reflection 使想起，使忆起 [Old English bithencan from Germanic (as BE-, THINK)]

betide /biˈtaid/ v. (only in infin. and 3rd sing. subjunctive 只用于动词不定式和第三人称单数的虚拟形式) esp. poet. [尤诗]  1 tr.  happen to 降临到  woe betide him  但愿他遭殃 2 intr.  happen 发生  whate'er may betide  无论发生什么 [Middle English from obsolete tide ‘befall’ from Old English tīdan]

betimes /biˈtaimz/ adv. literary  early; in good time [文学用语]早；及时 [Middle English from obsolete betime (as BY, TIME)]

betoken /biˈtəʊk(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  be a sign of; indicate 是…的征兆；表明 2  augur 预示 [Old English (as BE-, tɑˉcnian ‘signify’: see TOKEN)]

betony /ˈbetəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a purple-flowered plant, Stachys officinalis 药用水苏 2  any of various similar plants 水苏属植物 [Middle English via Old French betoine from Latin betonica]

betook past  of BETAKE  

betray /biˈtrei/ v. tr.  1  place (a person, one's country, etc.) in the hands or power of an enemy 背叛，出卖(某人、自己的国家等) 2  be disloyal to (another person, a person's trust, etc.) 对(他人)不忠，辜负(某人的信任等) 3  reveal involuntarily or treacherously; be evidence of 不自觉地露出，暴露；表现  his shaking hand betrayed his fear  他那颤抖的手暴露了他的恐惧 4  lead astray or into error 引入歧途，犯错误 □ betrayal  n.  □ betrayer  n.   [Middle English from obsolete tray, ultimately from Latin tradere ‘hand over’]

betroth /biˈtrəʊð, -θ/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 betrothed adj.)  bind with a promise to marry 使…订婚 □ betrothal  n.   [Middle English from BE- + trouthe, treuthe TRUTH, later assimilated to TROTH]

Betsy /ˈbetsi/   贝齐；伊丽莎白 [人名]

Bett /bet/   贝特；伊丽莎白 [人名]

better1 /ˈbetə/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (compar. of GOOD)  of a more excellent or outstanding or desirable kind 较好的，更好的  a better product  较好的产品 it would be better to go home  还是回家好 2 (compar. of WELL1)  partly or fully recovered from illness 健康有好转的  feeling better  感觉好些了 ●adv. (compar. of WELL1)  1  in a better manner 较好地  she sings better  她唱得更好 2  to a greater degree 更，更加  like it better  更喜欢它 3  more usefully or advantageously 更实用地，更有利地  is better forgotten  最好忘掉 ●n.  1  that which is better 较好的东西  the better of the two  两者中较好的一个 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 ; prec. by 前接 my etc.)  one's superior in ability or rank 前辈，上司  take notice of your betters  注意你的上司 ●v.  1 tr.  improve on; surpass 对…做出改进；超过  I can better his offer  我可以改进一下他的提议 2 tr.  make better; improve 改进；改善 3 refl.  improve one's position etc. (职务等)升职 4 intr.  become better; improve 变得有改进，有改善 □ the better part of   most of 大多数□ for better or for worse   on terms accepting all results; whatever the outcome 不论是祸是福；不管结果怎样□ get the better of   defeat, outwit; win an advantage over 胜过，超过；占…的上风□ go one better   1  outbid etc. by one (出价等)超过对手 2  outdo another person 胜过某人□ had better   would find it wiser to 最好 [Old English betera, from Germanic]

better2 /ˈbetə/ n. (also 亦作 bettor)  a person who bets 打赌的人

better feelings n. pl.  one's conscience 良心

better half n. colloq.  one's wife or husband [口]妻子，丈夫

betterment /ˈbetəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  making better; improvement 改良；改进 2 Econ.  enhanced value (of real property) arising from local improvements 【经】(不动产的)增值

better off adj.  in a better (esp. financial) position (尤指经济境况)较好的，较富裕的

betting /ˈbetiŋ/ n.  1  gambling by risking money on an unpredictable outcome 打赌，赌博 2  the odds offered in this 打赌时给出的投注赔率 □ what's the betting?  Brit. colloq.  it is likely or to be expected [英口]可能会怎么样？  what's the betting he'll be late?  他迟到了可能会怎么样呢？

betting shop n. Brit.  a bookmaker's shop or office [英]彩票经理部

bettor var.  of BETTER2  BETTER2 的变体

Betty /ˈbeti/   贝蒂 [人名]

between /biˈtwi:n/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  a  at or to a point in the area or interval bounded by two or more other points in space, time, etc. (空间、时间等)位于…之间，处在…之间  broke down between London and Dover  在伦敦和多佛尔之间出了故障了 we must meet between now and Friday  我们必须在现在到星期五之间见一次面b  along the extent of such an area or interval 介于…之间  there are five shops between here and the main road  从这儿到大路共有 5 家商店 works best between five and six  5 点到 6 点之间工作最好 the numbers between 10 and 20  从 10 到 20 之间的数 2  separating, physically or conceptually 分隔着…，被…隔开  the distance between here and Leeds  从这儿到利兹的距离 the difference between right and wrong  是非之别 3  a  by combining the resources of 合在一起，共同  great potential between them  他们的巨大潜力 between us we could afford it  我们可以承担b  shared by; as the joint resources of 分享，共有  £ 5 between them  他们共有 5 英镑c  by joint or reciprocal action 共同的行动  an agreement between us  我们之间的协议 sorted it out between themselves  他们自己把它整理了出来 4  to and from 行驶于…之间  runs between London and Sheffield  行驶于伦敦和谢菲尔德之间 5  taking one and rejecting the other of 在两者中选其一  decide between eating here and going out  决定是在这儿吃还是出去 ●adv. (also 亦作 in between)  at a point or in the area bounded by two or more other points in space, time, sequence, etc. 在期间，在中间  not fat or thin but in between  不是胖也不是瘦，而是不胖不瘦 □ between ourselves (or you and me)   in confidence 秘密地，私下里□ between times (or whiles)   in the intervals between other actions; occasionally 不时；偶尔 [Old English betwēonum, from Germanic (as BY, TWO)]■Usage 用法说明 Use in sense 3 with reference to more than two people or things is established and acceptable (e.g. relations between Britain, France, and Germany). 在释义 3 中连用两个以上的人或物是可以接受的(如英法德之间的关系)。 

betwixt /biˈtwikst/ prep. & adv. archaic  between [古义]在…之间 □ betwixt and between  colloq.  neither one thing nor the other [口]模棱两可，介于两者之间，非此非彼 [Old English betwēox, from Germanic]

BeV abbr. [缩略]  = GEV  [billion (109) electronvolts]

bevatron /ˈbevətrɒn/ n.  a synchrotron used to accelerate protons to energies in the billion electronvolt range 高功率质子回旋加速器 [BEV + -TRON]

bevel /ˈbev(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slope from the horizontal or vertical in carpentry and stonework; a sloping surface or edge 倾斜，斜角；斜面 2 (in full 全称 bevel square)  a tool for marking angles in carpentry and stonework 万能角尺，斜角规 ●v. (bevelled, bevelling; US [美] beveled, beveling)  1 tr.  reduce (a square edge) to a sloping edge 把(直角)截成斜角 2 intr.  slope at an angle; slant 成斜角；倾斜 [Old French diminutive of baïf ‘open-mouthed’ from baer ‘gape’]

bevel gear n.  a gear working another gear at an angle to it by means of bevel wheels 锥齿轮

bevel wheel n.  a toothed wheel whose working face is oblique to the axis 斜齿轮

beverage /ˈbev(ə)ridʒ/ n. esp. formal  a drink [尤正式]饮料  hot beverage  热饮 alcoholic beverage  含酒精饮料 [Middle English from Old French be(u)vrage, ultimately from Latin bibere ‘drink’]

bevvy /ˈbevi/ n. (pl. -ies) slang  a drink, esp. an alcoholic one [俚语]饮料(尤指含酒精饮料) [abbreviation of BEVERAGE]

bevy /ˈbevi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a flock of quails or larks 一群(鹌鹑或云雀) 2  a company or group (originally of women) 一群(原指妇女) [Middle English: origin unknown]

bewail /biˈweil/ v. tr.  1  greatly regret or lament 叹息，悲叹，哀悼 2  wail over; mourn for 为…恸哭，痛哭；为…悲伤 □ bewailer  n.  

beware /biˈwɛə/ v. (only in 只用于 imper. or infin.)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that, lest, etc. + clause)  be cautious, take heed 注意，当心  beware of the dog  当心有狗 told us to beware  告诉我们要当心 beware that you don't fall  注意你别跌倒 2 tr.  be cautious of 注意，当心  beware the Ides of March  注意 3 月 15 [BE + WARE3]

bewhiskered /biˈwiskəd/ adj.  1  having whiskers 有络腮胡子的 2  very old 衰老的

Bewick's swan /ˈbju:iks/ n.  a swan of northern Eurasia, a race of Cygnus columbianus 小天鹅，比尤伊克天鹅 [T. Bewick (d. 1828), English engraver and naturalist]

bewigged /biˈwiɡd/ adj.  wearing a wig 戴假发的

bewilder /biˈwildə/ v. tr.  utterly perplex or confuse 使慌乱，使糊涂 □ bewilderedly  adv.  □ bewildering  adj.  □ bewilderingly  adv.  □ bewilderment  n.   [BE- + obsolete wilder ‘lose one's way’]

bewitch /biˈwitʃ/ v. tr.  1  enchant; greatly delight 迷住；使心醉 2  cast a spell on 用魔法迷惑 □ bewitching  adj.  □ bewitchingly  adv.   [Middle English from BE- + Old English wiccian ‘enchant’, from wicca WITCH1]

bey /bei/ n. hist. (in the Ottoman Empire) the title of a governor of a province [史义]贝伊，(奥斯曼帝国的)省长 [Turkish, = prince, governor]

beyond /biˈjɒnd/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  at or to the further side of 在…的那边；到…的那边  beyond the river  河的那边 2  outside the scope, range, or understanding of 超出(范围、射程、理解力)  beyond repair  修不好了 beyond a joke  超出开玩笑的限度 it is beyond me  这我就不懂了 3  more than 超出 ●adv.  1  at or to the further side 在远处，向远处 2  further on 再往前 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the unknown after death 死后的世界，来世 □ the back of beyond   see 见 BACK  [Old English beg(e)ondan (as BY, YON, YONDER)]

bezant /ˈbez(ə)nt/ n.  1 hist.  a gold or silver coin originally minted at Byzantium [史义] (拜占庭帝国的)金币；银币 2 Heraldry  a gold roundel 【纹章学】金黄色小圆徽章 [Middle English via Old French besanz -ant from Latin Byzantius ‘Byzantine’]

bezel /ˈbez(ə)l/ n.  1  the sloped edge of a chisel 凿子的斜面 2  the oblique faces of a cut gem 宝石的斜面 3  a  a groove holding a watch-glass or gem 嵌表蒙(或宝石)的凹槽b  a rim holding a glass etc. cover (镶嵌玻璃等遮盖物的)沟缘 [Old French source of modern French béseau, bizeau, of unknown origin]

bezique /biˈzi:k/ n.  1  a card game for two with a double pack of 64 cards, including the seven to ace only in each suit 比齐克牌戏(两人玩，用两副牌，共 64 张) 2  a combination of the queen of spades and the jack of diamonds in this game (比齐克牌戏中)由黑桃 Q 和方块 J 组成的一组牌 [French bésigue, perhaps from Persian bɑˉzīgar ‘juggler’]

bezoar /ˈbi:zɔ:, ˈbezəʊɑ:/ n.  a small stone which may form in the stomachs of certain animals, esp. ruminants, and which was once used as an antidote for various ailments (尤指反刍动物的) (毛)粪石，牛黄，马宝 [French bezoard, ultimately from Persian pɑˉdzahr ‘antidote’, Arabic bɑˉzahr]

b.f. abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit. colloq.  bloody fool [英口]大傻瓜 2  brought forward 转下页 3 Printing  boldface 【印刷】黑体，粗体

B-film n.  = B-MOVIE 

bhaji /ˈbɑ:dʒi/ n. (pl. bhajis)  1  an Indian dish of fried vegetables 巴齐(油炸蔬菜) 2  a small flat cake or ball of this, fried in batter (裹面糊的)炸蔬菜饼(或球)  onion bhaji  洋葱炸蔬菜饼 [Hindi bhɑˉjī ‘fried vegetables’]

bhang /bæŋ/ n.  the leaves and flower-tops of Indian hemp used as a narcotic 印度大麻 [Portuguese bangue, Persian & Urdu bang later assimilated to Hindi bhɑˉṅ, from Sanskrit bhaṅgɑˉ]

bhangra /ˈbɑ:ŋɡrə/ n.  a kind of pop music that combines Punjabi folk traditions with Western pop music 班格拉流行乐曲 [Punjabi bhɑˉngrɑˉ, a traditional folk dance]

bharal /ˈbʌr(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 burhel)  a Himalayan wild sheep, Pseudois nayaur, with blue-black coat and horns curved rearward 岩羊 [Hindi]

b.h.p. abbr.  brake horsepower [缩略]制动马力

Bhutan   不丹

Bhutanese /ˌbu:təˈni:z/ ●n.  不丹人；不丹语 ●adj.  不丹的；不丹人的；不丹语的

Bhutani /bu:ˈtɑ:ni/ adj. & n.  不丹的(人)

Bi symb. Chem.  the element bismuth [符]【化】(化学元素)铋

bi /bai/ adj. & n. slang [俚语]  = BISEXUAL  [abbreviation]

bi- /bai/ comb. form (often bin- before a vowel 在元音前常作 bin-) forming nouns and adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成名词或形容词，表示 :  1  having two; a thing having two (bilateral 两边的 ; binaural 有两耳的，用两耳的 ; biplane 双翼飞机) 两(的)；双(的) 2  a  occurring twice in every one or once in every two (biweekly 每周两次；每两周一次) 发生(或出现)两次(的)，每两个一次(的)b  lasting for two (biennial 持续两年的) 持续到两个(的) 3  doubly; in two ways (biconcave 两面凹的，双凹的) 两边(的)；两面(的) 4 Chem.  a substance having a double proportion of the acid etc. indicated by the simple word (bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐，重碳酸盐) 【化】(酸等)重 5 Bot. & Zool. (of division and subdivision) twice over (bipinnate 二回羽状的) 【植】【动】(指分裂及再分裂)两次(的) [Latin]

biannual /baiˈænjʊəl/ adj.  occurring, appearing, etc., twice a year (cf. 参见 BIENNIAL) (发生、出现等)一年两次的 □ biannually  adv.  

bias /ˈbaiəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 towards, against)  a predisposition or prejudice 倾向；偏见 2 Statistics  a systematic distortion of a statistical result due to a factor not allowed for in its derivation 【统计学】偏倚 3  an edge cut obliquely across the weave of a fabric 织物的斜痕 4 Bowls 【球戏】  a  the irregular shape given to a bowl 球的歪圆形b  the oblique course this causes it to run 偏斜路线 5 Electr.  a steady voltage, magnetic field, etc., applied to an electronic system or device 【电】(稳定电压、磁场等引起的)偏压 ●v. tr. (biased, biasing; biassed, biassing)  1 (esp. as 尤作 biased adj.)  influence (usu. unfairly); prejudice (通常因不公正)使有影响；使怀成见 2  give a bias to 对…有偏见 □ on the bias   obliquely, diagonally (歪)斜的，对角方向的 [French biais, of unknown origin]

bias binding n.  a strip of fabric cut obliquely and used to bind edges 斜裁滚边条

bias-ply adj. US [美]  = CROSS-PLY 

biathlon /baiˈæθlɒn, -lən/ n. Sport  an athletic contest in skiing and shooting or in cycling and running 【运动】滑雪射击(竞赛) □ biathlete  /-li:t/ n.   [BI-, on the pattern of PENTATHLON]

biaxial /baiˈæksiəl/ adj. (esp. of crystals) having two axes along which polarized light travels with equal velocity (尤指晶体)双轴的

bib1 /bib/ n.  1  a piece of cloth or plastic fastened round a child's neck to keep the clothes clean while eating (小孩的)围嘴 2  the top front part of an apron, dungarees, etc. 围裙(或工装裤等)的上部 3  the edible marine fish Trisopterus luscus of the cod family also called 亦称作 pout 大眼鳕 □ best bib and tucker   best clothes 漂亮衣服□ stick (or poke etc.) one's bib in  Austral. slang  interfere [澳] [俚语]干涉 [perhaps from BIB2]

bib2 /bib/ v. intr. (bibbed, bibbing) archaic  drink much or often [古义]过量饮酒；经常饮酒 □ bibber  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Latin bibere ‘drink’]

bib-cock n.  a tap with a bent nozzle fixed at the end of a pipe 弯嘴龙头 [perhaps from BIB1 + COCK1]

bibelot /ˈbibələʊ/ n.  a small curio or artistic trinket 小件古玩，小装饰品 [French]

Bible /ˈbaib(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments 基督教的《圣经》b  the Jewish scriptures 犹太教的《圣经》c (作 bible)  any copy of these 《圣经》的文本  three bibles on the table  桌上的 3 本《圣经》d  a particular edition of the Bible 《圣经》的版本  New English Bible  新版英译本《圣经》 2 colloq.  any authoritative book [口]有权威的书  the Britannica is his Bible  大不列颠百科全书是他的权威典籍 3  the scriptures of any religion 任何宗教的经典书籍 [Middle English via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek biblia ‘books’, originally diminutive of biblos, bublos ‘papyrus’]

Bible-bashing n. (also 亦作 Bible-thumping, Bible-punching) slang  aggressive fundamentalist preaching [俚语]狂热的《圣经》宣讲 □ Bible-basher  n. (also 亦作 Bible-thumper, Bible-puncher)  

Bible belt n.  the areas of the southern and central US and western Canada where fundamentalist Protestant beliefs prevail 《圣经》地带

Bible oath n.  a solemn oath taken on the Bible 庄严的誓言

Bible paper n.  = INDIA PAPER 

Bible-punching (also 亦作 Bible-thumping) var.  of BIBLE-BASHING BIBLE-BASHING 的变体

biblical /ˈbiblik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 Biblical)  1  of, concerning, or contained in the Bible 《圣经》的；与《圣经》有关的；《圣经》中的 2  resembling the language of the Authorized Version of the Bible 似钦定英译本《圣经》语言的 □ biblically  adv.  

biblio- /ˈbibliəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a book or books [构词成分]书的，书籍的 [Greek from biblion ‘book’]

bibliography /bibliˈɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a list of the books referred to in a scholarly work, usu. printed as an appendix 参考书目(尤印作附录)b  a list of the books of a specific author or publisher, or on a specific subject, etc. 某作者的书目；某出版社的书目(专题书目等) 2  a  the history or description of books, including authors, editions, etc. (包括作者、版本等的)文献学b  any book containing such information 文献类书籍 □ bibliographer  n.  □ bibliographic  /-əˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ bibliographical  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ bibliographically  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ bibliographize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French bibliographie from modern Latin bibliographia, from Greek (as BIBLE, -GRAPHY)]

bibliomancy /ˈbibliə(ʊ)mænsi/ n.  foretelling the future by the analysis of a randomly chosen passage from a book, esp. the Bible 《圣经》占卜(尤指任翻《圣经》一页以作占卜)

bibliomania /ˌbibliə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  an extreme enthusiasm for collecting and possessing books 集书狂，藏书癖 □ bibliomaniac  /-niæk/ n. & adj.  

bibliophile /ˈbibliəfail/ n.  a person who collects or is fond of books 有藏书癖者，爱好书籍的人 □ bibliophilic  /-ˈfilik/ adj.  □ bibliophily  /-ˈɒfili/ n.   [French bibliophile (as BIBLIO-, -PHILE)]

bibliopole /ˈbibliəpəʊl/ n.  a seller of (esp. rare) books (尤指珍本书的)书商 [Latin bibliopola from Greek bibliopōlēs, from biblion ‘book’ + pōlēs ‘seller’]

bibulous /ˈbibjʊləs/ adj.  given to drinking alcoholic liquor 嗜酒的 □ bibulously  adv.  □ bibulousness  n.   [Latin bibulus ‘freely drinking’ from bibere ‘drink’]

bicameral /baiˈkæm(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. (of a parliament or legislative body) having two chambers (议会或立法机构)两个议院的，两院制的 □ bicameralism  n.   [BI- + Latin camera ‘chamber’]

bicarb /baiˈkɑ:b/ n. colloq. [口]  = BICARBONATE 2  [abbreviation]

bicarbonate /baiˈkɑ:bəneit/ n.  1 Chem.  any acid salt of carbonic acid 【化】碳酸氢盐，重碳酸盐 2 (in full 全称 bicarbonate of soda)  sodium bicarbonate used as an antacid or in baking powder 小苏打，碳酸氢钠

bice /bais/ n.  1  any of various pigments made from blue or green basic copper carbonate (由碳酸铜做成的)蓝色颜料；绿色颜料 2  any similar pigment made from smalt (由大青做成的)青色颜料 3  a shade of blue or green given by these 青色；蓝色；绿色 [originally = brownish grey, from Old French bis ‘dark grey’, of unknown origin]

bicentenary /baisenˈti:nəri, -ˈten-, baiˈsentin-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a two-hundredth anniversary 200 周年纪念 2  a celebration of this 200 周年庆典 ●adj.  of or concerning a bicentenary (有关)200 周年的，(有关)200 周年纪念的

bicentennial /baisenˈteniəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  a bicentenary 200 周年， 200 周年纪念 ●adj.  1  lasting two hundred years or occurring every two hundred years 持续 200 年的，每 200 年发生一次的 2  of or concerning a bicentenary (有关)200 年的，(有关)200 周年纪念的

bicephalous /baiˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ adj.  having two heads 有两个头的 [BI- + Greek kephalē ‘head’ + -OUS]

biceps /ˈbaiseps/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a muscle having two heads or attachments at one end, esp. the muscle which bends the elbow (尤指使肘部弯曲的)二头肌 [Latin, = two-headed (as BI- + -ceps from caput ‘head’)]

bicker /ˈbikə/ v. intr.  1  quarrel pettily; wrangle 争吵，口角 2 poet. [诗]  a (of a stream, rain, etc.) patter (over stones etc.) (溪流、雨点等打在石头等上)潺潺地响b (of a flame, light, etc.) flash, flicker (火、光等)闪烁 □ bickerer  n.   [Middle English biker, beker, of unknown origin]

bicky /ˈbiki/ n. (also 亦作 bikky) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a biscuit [英口]饼干

bicolour /ˈbaikʌlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having two colours 两色的，双色的 ●n.  a bicolour blossom or animal 双色花；双色动物

biconcave /baiˈkɒnkeiv/ adj. (esp. of a lens) concave on both sides (尤指透镜)双面凹的，双凹的

biconvex /baiˈkɒnveks/ adj. (esp. of a lens) convex on both sides (尤指透镜)双面凸的，双凸的

bicultural /baiˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  having or combining two cultures 有两种不同文化的；综合两种不同文化的

bicuspid /baiˈkʌspid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having two cusps or points 双尖的，有两个尖的 ●n.  a tooth with two cusps, esp. a human premolar tooth 双尖牙，前磨牙(尤指人的前臼齿) □ bicuspidate  adj.   [BI- + Latin cuspis -idis ‘sharp point’]

bicycle /ˈbaisik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a vehicle of two wheels held in a frame one behind the other, propelled by pedals and steered with handlebars attached to the front wheel 自行车 ●v. intr.  ride a bicycle 骑自行车 □ bicycler  n.  □ bicyclist  /-klist/ n.   [French from BI- + Greek kuklos ‘wheel’]

bicycle chain n.  a chain transmitting power from the bicycle pedals to the wheels 自行车车链

bicycle clip n.  either of two metal clips used to confine a cyclist's trousers at the ankle (骑自行车时用的)裤管夹

bicycle pump n.  a portable pump for inflating bicycle tyres 自行车打气筒

bicyclic /baiˈsaiklik, -ˈsik-/ adj. Chem.  having two (usu. fused) rings of atoms in the molecular structure 【化】(通常合并)二环的 [BI- + CYCLIC]

Bid /bid/   比德 [人名]

bid /bid/ v. & n. ●v. (bidding; past bid, archaic [古义] bade /beid, bæd/; past part. bid, archaic [古义] bidden /ˈbid(ə)n/)  1 tr. & intr. (past and past part. bid) (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  a (esp. at an auction) offer (a certain price) (尤指在拍卖会上)叫(价)，出(价)  did not bid for the vase  没有出价买这个花瓶 bid against the dealer  与发牌者抬价竞买 bid £ 20  出价 20 英镑b  offer to do work etc. for a stated price 投标(承包工程等) 2 tr. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  a  command; order 命令，吩咐  bid the soldiers shoot  命令士兵射击b  invite 邀请  bade her start  请她开始 3 tr. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  a  utter (greeting or farewell) to 向…(打招呼、告别)  I bade him welcome  我向他表示欢迎b  proclaim (defiance etc.) 公布，宣布(挑战等) 4 (past and past part. bid) Cards 【牌戏】  a intr.  state before play how many tricks one intends to make 叫牌b tr.  state (one's intended number of tricks) 叫(牌) ●n.  1  a (esp. at an auction) an offer (of a price) (尤指在拍卖会上)出价  a bid of £ 5  出价 5 英镑b  an offer (to do work, supply goods, etc.) at a stated price; a tender 出价；投标(承包工程、供应物品等) 2 Cards  a statement of the number of tricks a player proposes to make 【牌戏】叫牌 3 colloq.  an attempt; an effort [口]企图，努力  a bid for power  企图夺权 □ bid fair to   seem likely to 有可能，看起来像□ make a bid for   try to gain 试图获得  made a bid for freedom  想要获得自由□ bidder  n.   [Old English biddan ‘ask’ from Germanic & Old English bēodan ‘offer, command’]

biddable /ˈbidəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  obedient 顺从的，服从的 2 Cards (of a hand or suit) suitable for being bid 【牌戏】(打牌人或一手牌)有叫牌资格的 □ biddability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

bidden archaic [古义] past part.  of BID 

bidding /ˈbidiŋ/ n.  1  the offers at an auction (拍卖时的)出价，叫价 2 Cards  the act of making a bid or bids 【牌戏】叫牌 3  a command, request, or invitation 命令，请求；邀请

bidding prayer n.  a prayer inviting the congregation to join in 要求教堂会众都参加的祈祷

biddy /ˈbidi/ n. (pl. -ies) slang derog.  a woman (esp. old biddy) [俚语] [贬]婆娘(尤指太婆) [pet form of the name Bridget]

bide /baid/ v. intr. archaic or dial.  remain; stay [古义] [方]持续；住，居留 □ bide one's time   await one's best opportunity 等待机会 [Old English bīdan, from Germanic]

bidet /ˈbi:dei/ n.  a low oval basin used esp. for washing the genital area (尤指清洗生殖器官及其周围部位的)坐浴盆 [French, = pony]

bidirectional /baidiˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, -dai-/ adj.  functioning in two directions 双向的

Biedermeier /ˈbi:dəmaiə/ attrib. adj.  1 (of styles, furnishings, etc.) characteristic of the period 1815 － 48 in Germany (风格、家具等)比德迈风格的 (1815 至 1848 年) 2 derog.  conventional; bourgeois [贬]传统的；平庸的 [Biedermaier a fictitious German poet created by L. Eichrodt (1854)]

biennial /baiˈeniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting two years 持续两年的 2  recurring every two years (cf. 参见 BIANNUAL) 两年一次的 ●n.  1 Bot.  a plant that takes two years to grow from seed to fruition and die (cf. 参见 ANNUAL, PERENNIAL) 【植】两年生植物 2  an event celebrated or taking place every two years 每两年举办一次的庆典 □ biennially  adv.   [Latin biennis (as BI-, annus ‘year’)]

biennium /baiˈeniəm/ n. (pl. bienniums or biennia /-niə/)  a period of two years 两年的时期 [Latin (as BIENNIAL)]

bier /biə/ n.  a movable frame on which a coffin or a corpse is placed, or taken to a grave 棺材架；停尸架 [Old English bēr, from the Germanic base of BEAR1]

biff /bif/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a sharp blow 猛的一击 ●v. tr.  strike (a person) 打(人) [imitative]

biffin /ˈbifin/ n. Brit.  a dark red cooking apple [英]深红色餐用苹果 [= beefing from BEEF + -ING1, with reference to the colour]

bifid /ˈbaifid/ adj.  divided by a deep cleft into two parts 裂成两半的 [Latin bifidus (as BI-, fidus from stem of findere ‘cleave’)]

bifocal /baiˈfəʊk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having two focuses, esp. of a lens with a part for distant vision and a part for near vision (尤指透镜)双焦的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  bifocal spectacles 双光眼镜

BIFU /ˈbifu:/ abbr.  Banking, Insurance, and Finance Union [缩略]银行保险金融联合会 [acronym]

bifurcate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈbaifəkeit/  divide into two branches; fork 分成两枝，分叉 ●adj. /baiˈfɜ:kət/  forked; branched 分叉的，两枝的 [medieval Latin bifurcare from Latin bifurcus ‘two-forked’ (as BI-, furca ‘fork’)]

bifurcation /baifəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a division into two branches 分成两枝b  either or both of such branches 对杈，双叉 2  the point of such a division 分叉点

big /biɡ/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (bigger, biggest)  1  a  of considerable size, amount, intensity, etc. (尺寸、数量、强度等)大的  a big mistake  大错 a big helping  大的帮助b  of a large or the largest size (尺寸上)巨大的，最大的  big toe  大脚趾 big drum  大鼓 2  important; significant; outstanding 重要的；重大的；杰出的  the big race  重大的比赛 my big chance  对我来说重要的机会 3  a  grown-up 长大了的  a big boy now  现在是个大男孩了b  elder 年龄上较大的  big sister  姐姐 4 colloq. [口]  a  boastful 自夸的，傲慢的  big words  大字眼b often iron.  generous [常讽]宽宏的，慷慨的  big of him  他度量真大c  ambitious 雄心勃勃的  big ideas  雄心勃勃 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  advanced in pregnancy; fecund 怀孕的，生殖力旺盛的  big with child  快生孩子了 big with consequences  孕育着重大结果 ●adv. colloq. in a big manner [口]宏大地 , esp. 尤指 :  1  effectively 有效地  went over big  大受欢迎 2  boastfully 自夸地，傲慢地  talk big  说大话，吹牛 3  ambitiously 有雄心地，野心勃勃地  think big  有雄心 □ the Big Three, Four, etc.   the dominant group of three, four, etc. 三强，四强等□ the big time  slang  success in a profession, esp. show business [俚语] (尤指娱乐界)成功时刻□ come (or go) over big   make a great effect 取得突出效果，大受欢迎□ in a big way   1  on a large scale 大规模地 2 colloq.  with great enthusiasm, display, etc. [口]热情地(隆重地等)□ look (or talk) big   boast 自夸□ think big   be ambitious 有雄心□ too big for one's boots (or breeches)  slang  conceited [俚语]妄自尊大的，自高自大的□ biggish  adj.  □ bigness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

bigamy /ˈbiɡəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the crime of marrying when already married to another person 重婚罪 □ bigamist  n.  □ bigamous  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bigamie from bigame bigamous, from Late Latin bigamus (as BI-, Greek gamos ‘marriage’)]

Big Apple n. N. Amer. slang  New York City [北美] [俚语]大苹果城，纽约城

big band n.  a large jazz or pop orchestra 大乐队(大型爵士乐队)

big bang n. (also 亦作 Big Bang)  1  the explosion of dense matter, postulated as the origin of the universe 标志宇宙起始的爆炸，创世大爆炸 2 Stock Exch. (in the UK) the introduction in 1986 of important changes in the regulations and procedures for trading, esp. the widening of membership, the relaxation of rules for brokers, and the introduction of computerized communications 【股】(英国)“大爆炸”改革(尤指 1986 年的证劵改革，扩大会员人数、放宽针对经纪人的规定及使用计算机通讯)

Big Ben n.  the great clock tower of the Houses of Parliament and its bell 大本钟

Big Board n. US colloq.  the New York Stock Exchange [美口]纽约证券交易所

Big Brother n.  an all-powerful supposedly benevolent dictator (as in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four) 老大哥(奥威尔小说《 1984 》中的独裁者)

big bud n.  a plant disease caused by the gall-mite 巨芽病

big bug n. slang [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

big business n.  large-scale financial dealings, esp. when sinister or exploitative 大企业，大财团

Big Chief n. (also 亦作 Big Daddy) slang [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

big deal int. slang iron.  I am not impressed [俚语] [讽]没什么了不起的

big dipper n.  1 Brit.  a fairground switchback [英]集市的之字形曲折的路 2 N. Amer. [北美] (作 Big Dipper)  = PLOUGHn. 4 

big end n. (in a motor vehicle) the end of the connecting rod that encircles the crankpin (机动车上的)连杆头

Bigfoot /ˈbiɡfʊt/ n. (pl. Bigfeet)  a supposed yeti-like animal of NW America also called 亦称作 Sasquatch 北美野人 [from the size of its footprints]

big game n.  large animals hunted for sport 大猎物

biggie /ˈbiɡi/ n. colloq.  a big person or thing; an important event [口]大人物；大的东西；重大事情

big gun n. slang [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

big-head n. colloq.  a conceited person [口]自高自大的人 □ big-headed  adj.  □ big-headedness  n.  

big-hearted adj.  generous 大方的，宽宏大量的

bighorn /ˈbiɡhɔ:n/ n.  an American sheep, Ovis canadensis, esp. native to the Rocky Mountains (尤指生于落基山脉的)大角羊

big house n.  1  the principal house in a village etc. (村庄等中的)主屋，大房子 2 slang  a prison [俚语]监狱

bight /bait/ n.  1  a curve or recess in a coastline, river, etc. (海岸、河流等的)海湾，河湾 2  a loop of rope 绳环，绳圈 [Old English byht, from Germanic]

big idea n. often iron.  an important intention or scheme [常讽]重要意图；宏伟计划

big league n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  a top league in a professional sport, esp. baseball 体育项目中水平最高的团体(尤指棒球运动的) often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : big-league teams  一流的队伍 ●attrib. adj. (作 big-league) colloq.  major; top; outstanding [口]主要的；最高水平的；杰出的

big lie n. esp. US  an intentional distortion of facts, esp. by a politician, official body, etc. [尤美] (尤指政客、官方机构等的)弥天大谎

big money n.  large amounts of money; high profit; high pay 巨款；高利润；高报酬

big name n.  a famous person 名人，名士 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : big-name guests  贵宾

big noise n. (also 亦作 big pot or big shot) colloq. [口]  = BIGWIG 

bigot /ˈbiɡət/ n.  an obstinate and intolerant believer in a religion, political theory, etc. (宗教、政治理论等的)执拗的人，盲从者 □ bigotry  n.   [16th c. from French: origin unknown]

bigoted /ˈbiɡətid/ adj.  unreasonably prejudiced and intolerant 偏执的，顽固的

big smoke n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  London [英]伦敦 2  any large town 大城市

big stick n.  a display of force 显示武力；大棒(政策)

big-timer n. slang  a person who achieves success [俚语]成功者

big top n.  the main tent in a circus 马戏团的主要帐篷

big tree n. US  the giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum [美]巨杉

big wheel n.  1  a Ferris wheel 费里斯转轮 2 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

bigwig /ˈbiɡwiɡ/ n. colloq.  an important person [口]要人，大人物

bijou /ˈbi:ʒu:, 法 biʒu/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. bijoux pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a jewel; a trinket 宝石，小首饰 ●attrib. adj. (作 bijou)  small and elegant 小巧雅致的 [French]

bijouterie /bi:ˈʒu:t(ə)ri, 法 bijutri/ n.  jewellery; trinkets 珠宝饰物，小件饰物 [French (as BIJOU, -ERY)]

bike /baik/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a bicycle or motorcycle 自行车；摩托车 ●v. intr.  ride a bicycle or motorcycle 骑自行车；骑摩托车 [abbreviation]

biker /ˈbaikə/ n.  a cyclist, esp. a motorcyclist 骑自行车的人(尤指骑摩托车的人)

bikini /biˈki:ni/ n.  a two-piece swimsuit for women 比基尼女子泳装 [Bikini, an atoll in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific where an atom bomb was exploded in 1946, from the supposed ‘explosive’ effect]

bikini briefs n. pl.  women's scanty briefs 比基尼式女三角裤；超短女内裤

bikini line n.  the area of skin around the edge of the bottom half of a bikini, esp. with reference to the cosmetic removal of the pubic hair in this area (尤指去掉阴毛的)比基尼部位(线)

bikky var.  of BICKY  BICKY 的变体

bilabial /baiˈleibiəl/ adj. Phonet. (of a sound etc.) made with closed or nearly closed lips 【语音】(声音等)双唇的

bilateral /baiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, on, or with two sides 两边的；在两边的；有两边的 2  affecting or between two parties, countries, etc. 影响于两个(政党、国家等)之间的，双边的  bilateral negotiations  双边谈判 □ bilaterally  adv.  

bilateral symmetry n.  the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane 两侧对称

bilberry /ˈbilb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hardy dwarf shrub, Vaccinium myrtillus, of N. Europe, growing on heaths and mountains, and having red drooping flowers and dark blue berries 欧洲越橘(长于北欧荒地及山丘，花红色下垂，结深蓝色浆果) 2  the small blue edible berry of this species 欧洲越橘的可食蓝色果实 3  any of various shrubs of the genus Vaccinium having dark blue berries (结深蓝色浆果的)乌饭树属植物 [origin uncertain: perhaps from Scandinavian]

bilbo /ˈbilbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) hist.  a sword noted for the temper and elasticity of its blade [史义]精制的好剑 [Bilboa = Bilbao in Spain, noted for the manufacture of fine blades]

bilboes /ˈbilbəʊz/ n. pl. hist.  an iron bar with sliding shackles for a prisoner's ankles [史义]带有足枷的长条形铁镣 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Bildungsroman /ˈbildʊŋzrəʊˌmɑ:n, 德 ˈbildʊŋzroˌmɑ:n/ n.  a novel dealing with one person's early life and development 教育小说，性格发展小说 [German, from Bildung ‘education’ + Roman ‘novel’]

bile /bail/ n.  1  a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid which aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder 胆汁 2  bad temper; peevish anger 坏脾气，乖戾，暴躁 [French from Latin bilis]

bile duct n.  the duct which conveys bile from the liver and the gall bladder to the duodenum 胆管

bi-level /ˈbailev(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having or functioning on two levels; arranged on two planes 双层的，双层功能的；双层载运的 2 N. Amer.  designating a style of two-storey house in which the lower storey is partially sunk below ground level, and the main entrance is between the two storeys [北美]半层入口住宅风格的 ●n. N. Amer.  a bi-level house [北美]半层入口风格的住宅

bilge /bildʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the area on the outer surface of a ship's hull where the flat bottom meets the vertical sides 舭(船底和船侧间的部分) 2  a (in pl. 用复数)  the lowest internal portion of the hull 底舱b (in full 全称 bilge water)  filthy water that collects inside the bilge 舱底污水 3 slang  nonsense; rot [俚语]废话，无聊话  don't talk bilge  不要说废话 ●v.  1 tr.  stave in the bilge of (a ship) 凿破(船的)舭部 2 intr.  spring a leak in the bilge 舱底漏水 3 intr.  swell out; bulge 膨胀，凸出 [probably variant of BULGE]

bilge keel n.  a plate or timber fastened under the bilge of a ship to prevent rolling 舭龙骨

bilharzia /bilˈhɑ:tsiə/ n.  1  a chronic disease, endemic in parts of Africa and S. America, caused by infestation with blood flukes (schistosomes) Also called 亦称作 bilharziasis, schistosomiasis 血吸虫病 2  = SCHISTOSOME  [modern Latin former genus name, from T. Bilharz, German physician d. 1862]

bilharziasis /bilhɑ:ˈtsaiəsis/ n.  = BILHARZIA 1 

biliary /ˈbiliəri/ adj.  of the bile 胆汁的 [French biliaire: see BILE, -ARY2]

bilingual /baiˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to speak two languages, esp. fluently (尤指能流利地)说两种语言的 2  spoken or written in two languages 用两种语言说(或写)的 ●n.  a bilingual person 能使用两种语言的人 □ bilingualism  n.   [Latin bilinguis (as BI-, lingua ‘tongue’)]

bilious /ˈbiliəs/ adj.  1  affected by a disorder of the bile 胆汁分泌失调的 2  bad-tempered 坏脾气的，易发怒的 □ biliously  adv.  □ biliousness  n.   [Latin biliosus from bilis ‘bile’]

bilirubin /biliˈru:bin/ n.  an orange-yellow pigment formed by breakdown of haemoglobin and occurring in bile 胆红素 [German from Latin bilis BILE + ruber ‘red’]

bilk /bilk/ v. tr. slang [俚语]  1  cheat 欺骗，蒙骗 2  give the slip to 乘…不备时溜走 3  avoid paying (a creditor or debt) 躲(债)，赖(账) □ bilker  n.   [origin uncertain, perhaps = BAULK: earliest use (17th c.) in cribbage, = spoil one's opponent's score]

Bill /bil/   比尔 [人名]

bill1 /bil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a printed or written statement of charges for goods supplied or services rendered 供货清单，服务清单b  the amount owed 费用结算单，账单  ran up a bill of £ 300  费用总计有 300 英镑 2  a draft of a proposed law 法案 3  a  a poster; a placard 招贴，标语b  = HANDBILL  4  a  a printed list, esp. a theatre programme (尤指戏剧演出的)单子，剧目单b  the entertainment itself 娱乐演出，文娱节目  top of the bill  挂头牌，领衔 5 N. Amer.  a banknote [北美]钞票  ten-dollar bill  10 美元钞票 ●v. tr.  1  put in the programme; announce 列入节目单，宣布 2 (foll. by 后跟 as)  advertise 做广告 3  send a note of charges to 给…开账单  billed him for the books  要他付这些书的钱 □ billable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French bille, Anglo-Latin billa, probably alteration of medieval Latin bulla ‘seal, sealed documents, BULL2’]

bill2 /bil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the beak of a bird, esp. when it is slender, flattened, or weak, or belongs to a web-footed bird or a bird of the pigeon family (细长扁平的)鸟嘴，喙 2  the muzzle of a platypus (鸭嘴兽的)扁嘴 3  a narrow promontory 岬角，海角 4 Naut.  the point of an anchor-fluke 【海】锚爪尖 ●v. intr. (of doves etc.) stroke a bill with a bill (鸽子等)接嘴 □ bill and coo   exchange caresses 互相接吻，爱抚□ billed  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Old English bile, of unknown origin]

bill3 /bil/ n.  1 hist.  a weapon like a halberd with a hook instead of a blade [史义]钩矛，钩镰枪 2  = BILLHOOK  [Old English bil, from West Germanic]

billabong /ˈbiləbɒŋ/ n. Austral.  a branch of a river forming a backwater or a stagnant pool [澳]死河，死水洼 [Wiradhuri bilabang (originally as the name of the Bell River, NSW)]

billboard /ˈbilbɔ:d/ n.  a large outdoor board for advertisements etc. (广告等用的)室外大告示牌

billet1 /ˈbilit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place where troops etc. are lodged, usu. with civilians (为军队等提供膳宿的)私人住宅(通常与市民一起)b  a written order requiring a householder to lodge the bearer, usu. a soldier 要求私人住宅(通常为士兵)提供膳宿的正式命令 2 colloq.  a situation; a job [口]职位，工作 ●v. tr. (billeted, billeting)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, in, at)  quarter (soldiers etc.) 分配(士兵等)住宿 2 (of a householder) provide (a soldier etc.) with board and lodging (房主)为(士兵等)提供膳宿 □ billetee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ billeter  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French billette, Anglo-Latin billetta, diminutive of billa BILL1]

billet2 /ˈbilit/ n.  1  a thick piece of firewood 木柴块 2  a small metal bar 小金属条 3 Archit.  each of a series of short rolls inserted at intervals in Norman decorative mouldings 【建】错齿饰 [Middle English from French billette ‘small log’, ultimately probably of Celtic origin]

billet-doux /biliˈdu:/ n. (pl. billets-doux /-ˈdu:z/) often joc.  a love letter [常诙]情书 [French, = sweet note]

billfold /ˈbilfəʊld/ n. N. Amer.  a wallet for keeping banknotes [北美]钱夹(子)

billhead /ˈbilhed/ n.  a printed account form 空白账单

billhook /ˈbilhʊk/ n.  a sickle-shaped tool with a sharp inner edge, used for pruning, lopping, etc. 钩镰(用于修枝、剪枝等)

billiards /ˈbiljədz/ n.  1  a game played on an oblong cloth-covered table, with three balls struck with cues into pockets round the edge of the table 台球戏，弹子戏，桌球戏 2 (作 billiard) (in comb. 用于复合词)  used in billiards 台球戏用的  billiard ball  台球戏用的球 billiard table  台球台，弹子盘 [originally pl., from French billard ‘billiards, cue’, diminutive of bille ‘log’: see BILLET2]

billion /ˈbiljən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3) billions) (in sing. 用单数 prec. by 前接 a or one)  1  a thousand million (1,000,000,000 or 109)  十亿 2 (now less often, esp. Brit.)  a million million (1,000,000,000,000 or 1012) (现不常用，[尤英]) 万亿 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a very large number [口]大数目  billions of years  亿万年 ●adj.  that amount to a billion 十亿的 □ billionth  adj. & n.   [French (as BI-, MILLION)]

billionaire /biljəˈnɛə/ n.  a person possessing over a billion pounds, dollars, etc. (拥有 10 亿英镑、美元等的)亿万富翁 [on the pattern of millionaire]

bill of exchange n. Econ.  a written order to pay a sum of money on a given date to the drawer or to a named payee 【经】汇票

bill of fare n.  1  a menu 菜单 2  a programme (for a theatrical event) (戏剧演出的)节目单

bill of goods n. N. Amer.  a consignment of merchandise [北美]货物清单 □ sell a person a bill of goods   deceive a person 骗取某人

bill of health n.  1 Naut.  a certificate regarding infectious disease on a ship or in a port at the time of sailing 【海】(船只的)检疫证书 2 (in phr. 用于短语 clean bill of health)  a  such a certificate stating that there is no disease 健康证书，无疫证书b  a declaration that a person or thing examined has been found to be free of illness or in good condition 健康证明

bill of indictment n. hist. or US  a written accusation as presented to a grand jury [史义] [美]起诉书

bill of lading n. Naut. 【海】  1  a shipmaster's detailed list of the ship's cargo 提货单 2 US [美]  = WAYBILL 

Bill of Rights n.  1 Law  the English constitutional settlement of 1689 【法律】(英国 1689 年的)《权利法案》 2 Law (in the US) the original constitutional amendments of 1791 【法律】(美国 1791 年通过的)《人权法案》 3  a statement of the rights of a class of people (民众的)基本权利声明

bill of sale n. Econ.  a certificate of transfer of personal property, esp. as a security against debt 【经】(尤指作为欠债的)动产抵押据

billon /ˈbilən/ n.  an alloy of gold or silver with a predominating admixture of a base metal 比朗金(或银)合金 [French from bille BILLET2]

billow /ˈbiləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wave 波浪 2  a soft upward-curving flow 波涛 3  any large soft mass 波涛般滚滚向前之物 ●v. intr.  move or build up in billows 波浪翻滚；波浪样地滚动 □ billowy  adj.   [Old Norse bylgja, from Germanic]

billposter /ˈbilpəʊstə/ n. (also 亦作 billsticker /-stikə/)  a person who pastes up advertisements on hoardings 张贴广告的人 □ billposting  n.  

Billy /ˈbili/   比利 [人名]

billy1 /ˈbili/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 billycan /ˈbilikæn/) orig. Austral.  a tin or enamel cooking pot with a lid and wire handle, for use out of doors [源于澳]户外烹调用的铁皮罐 [perhaps from Aboriginal billa ‘water’]

billy2 /ˈbili/ n. (pl. -ies)  = BILLY GOAT 

billycan  see 见 BILLY1 

billy goat n.  a male goat 公山羊 [Billy, pet form of the name William]

billy-o /ˈbiliəʊ/ n.   □ like billy-o  Brit. slang  very much, hard, strongly, etc. [英] [俚语]极度(好、硬、强大等)  raining like billy-o  大雨倾盆 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bilobate /baiˈləʊbeit/ adj. (also 亦作 bilobed /-ˈləʊbd/)  having or consisting of two lobes 有两叶的，具两叶的

biltong /ˈbiltɒŋ/ n. S. Afr.  boneless meat salted and dried in strips [南非]晒干的腌肉条 [Afrikaans from Dutch bil ‘buttock’ and tong ‘tongue’]

BIM abbr.  British Institute of Management [缩略]英国管理学院

bimanal /ˈbimən(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 bimanous /-nəs/)  having two hands 有两手的 [BI- + Latin manus ‘hand’]

bimbo /ˈbimbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang usu. derog. [俚语] [常贬]  1  a woman, esp. a young empty-headed one 妇女(尤指一无所有的年轻妇女) 2  a person 人，家伙 [Italian, = little child]

bi-media /baiˈmi:diə/ attrib. adj. Brit.  involving or working in two of the mass communication media, esp. radio and television [英] (尤指电台和电视)双媒体的；在双媒体工作的

bimetallic /baimiˈtælik/ adj.  1  made of two metals 双金属制的 2  of or relating to bimetallism (有关) (金银)复本位制的 [French bimétallique (as BI-, METALLIC)]

bimetallic strip n.  a sensitive element in some thermostats made of two bands of different metals that expand at different rates when heated, causing the strip to bend and thus to break a circuit (某些恒温器中的)双金属带(片)

bimetallism /baiˈmet(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a system of allowing the unrestricted currency of two metals (e.g. gold and silver) at a fixed ratio to each other, as coined money (金银)复本位制 □ bimetallist  n.  

bimillenary /baimiˈlenəri, -ˈli:n-; baiˈmilənəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a two-thousandth anniversary 2000 周年的，与 2000 周年有关的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a bimillenary year or festival 2000 周年， 2000 周年纪念

bimodal /baiˈməʊd(ə)l/ adj. esp. Statistics  having two modes (尤)【统计学】双峰的

bimonthly /baiˈmʌnθli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  occurring twice a month or every two months 每月两次的；每两月一次的 ●adv.  twice a month or every two months 每月两次地；每两月一次地 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a periodical produced bimonthly 双月利■Usage 用法说明 Bimonthly, biweekly, and biyearly are often avoided, because of the ambiguity of meaning, in favour of two-monthly and twice-monthly etc. or every two months and twice a month etc. bimonthly, biweekly, biyearly 释义含糊，一般不用，而用 two-monthly, twice-monthly 等词，或者用 every two months 和 twice a month 等。 

bin /bin/ n. & v. ●n.  a large receptacle for storage or for depositing rubbish 大贮藏箱，大垃圾箱 ●v. tr. (binned, binning) colloq. [口]  1  store or put in a bin 放进(或贮藏在)箱里 2  throw away 扔掉 [Old English bin(n), binne]

bin- /bin, bain/ prefix var.  of BI- before a vowel 用在元音前， BI- 的变体

binary /ˈbainəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  dual 二元的；双重的b  of or involving pairs (包含)一对的，(包含)双体的 2  of the arithmetical system using 2 as a base 二进制的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  something having two parts 由两部分组成的一组；一双；双体 2  a binary number 二进制数 3  a binary star 双星 [Late Latin binarius from bini ‘two together’]

binary code n. Computing  a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer (see 见 BCD) 【计算】二进制代码

binary compound n. Chem.  a compound having two elements or radicals 【化】二元化合物

binary fission n.  the division of a cell or organism into two parts 二分裂

binary number n. (also 亦作 binary digit)  one of two digits (usu. 0 or 1) in a binary system of notation 二进制数码(通常 0 或 1)

binary star n.  a system of two stars orbiting each other 双星

binary system n.  a system in which information can be expressed by combinations of the digits 0 and 1 (corresponding to ‘off’ and ‘on’ in computing) 二进制记数法(在计算机运算中与“关”和“开”相对应)

binary tree n.  a data structure in which a record is branched to the left when greater and to the right when less than the previous record 二叉树

binate /ˈbaineit/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  growing in pairs 成对生长的 2  composed of two equal parts 成对的，双生的 [modern Latin binatus from Latin bini ‘two together’]

binaural /biˈnɔ:r(ə)l, bai-/ adj.  1  of or used with both ears 两耳的，用两耳的 2 (of sound) recorded using two microphones and usu. transmitted separately to the two ears (声音通常分别传到两耳)双声道的，立体声的

bind /baind/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. bound /baʊnd/) (see also 亦见 BOUNDEN)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, on, together)  tie or fasten tightly 捆，绑，扎 2 tr.  a  restrain; put in bonds 限制，控制；使连结b (as 作 -bound adj.)  constricted, obstructed 阻挡(的)，堵塞(的)  snowbound  被雪困住的 3 tr. esp. Cookery  cause (ingredients) to cohere using another ingredient (尤)【烹饪】使(原料)粘上 4 tr.  fasten or hold together as a single mass 使结合成一团 5 tr.  compel; impose an obligation or duty on 强迫使负责任(或义务) 6 tr.  a  edge (fabric etc.) with braid etc. 用(编带等)给(织物等)镶边b  fix together and fasten (the pages of a book) in a cover 装订(书籍) 7 tr.  constipate 使便秘，使肠道秘结 8 tr.  ratify (a bargain, agreement, etc.) 使(交易、合约等)定局 9 tr. (in passive 用被动)  be required by an obligation or duty 约束  am bound to answer  必须回答 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  put a bandage or other covering round 用绷带(或他物)包扎b  fix together with something put round 束，系  bound her hair  束住她的头发 11 tr.  indenture as an apprentice 订立契约使做学徒 12 intr. (of snow etc.) cohere, stick (雪等)凝结，变坚实 13 intr.  be prevented from moving freely 受阻致不能自由活动 14 intr. Brit. slang  complain [英] [俚语]抱怨 ●n.  1 colloq.  a nuisance; a restriction [口]困境；限制，约束 2  = BINE  □ be bound up with   be closely associated with 与…紧密联系□ bind over  Law  order (a person) to do something, esp. keep the peace 【法律】命令某人做某事(尤指不闹了)□ bind up   bandage 包扎，用绷带包扎□ I'll be bound   a statement of assurance, or guaranteeing the truth of something 我肯定，我保证 [Old English bindan]

binder /ˈbaində/ n.  1  a cover for sheets of paper, for a book, etc. (论文、书等的)活页夹 2  a substance that acts cohesively 黏合剂 3  a reaping machine that binds grain into sheaves 割捆机 4  a bookbinder 装订工

bindery /ˈbaind(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a workshop or factory for binding books 装订车间；装订厂

bindi-eye /ˈbindiai/ n.  a small perennial Australian plant, Calotis cuneifolia, which has a burlike fruit (澳大利亚一种多年生草本植物)有刺果 [20th c.: perhaps Aboriginal]

binding /ˈbaindiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  something that binds, esp. the covers, glue, etc., of a book (书的)封皮；装订(黏合剂等) ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  obligatory 有约束力的，强制性的

bindweed /ˈbaindwi:d/ n.  1  convolvulus 旋花属植物 2  any of various climbing plants such as honeysuckle 忍冬(或其他蔓生植物)

bine /bain/ n.  1  the twisting stem of a climbing plant, esp. the hop (蔓生植物的)蔓，藤(尤指忽布的蔓) 2  a flexible shoot (易弯曲的)嫩枝 [originally a dialect form of BIND]

bin-end n. Brit.  one of the last bottles from a bin of wine, usu. sold at a reduced price [英]减价瓶装酒(通常为窖底残存酒，减价出售)

Binet-Simon test /ˈbi:neiˌsi:mɒ˜/ adj. (also 亦作 Binet test) Psychol.  a test used to measure intelligence, esp. of children 【心】(尤指儿童)比奈－西蒙智力测试 [A. Binet d. 1911 and T. Simon d. 1961, French psychologists]

binge /bin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a spree; a period of uncontrolled eating, drinking, etc. 欢闹，狂饮(无节制的吃、喝等) ●v. intr. (bingeing or binging)  go on a spree; indulge in uncontrolled eating, drinking, etc. 欢闹，狂饮(无节制的吃、喝等) [probably originally dialect, = soak]

bingo /ˈbiŋɡəʊ/ n. & int. ●n.  a game for any number of players, each having a card of squares with numbers, which are marked off as numbers are randomly drawn by a caller 宾戈(一种赌博性游戏) ●int.  expressing sudden surprise, satisfaction, etc., as in winning at bingo (表示惊讶、得意等)瞧！  [probably imitative: cf. dialect bing ‘with a bang’]

bin liner n. Brit.  a bag (usu. of plastic) for lining a rubbish bin [英]垃圾箱(通常塑料)衬袋

binman /ˈbinmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. colloq.  a dustman [英口]清洁工

binnacle /ˈbinək(ə)l/ n.  a built-in housing for a ship's compass 罗经柜 [earlier bittacle, ultimately from Latin habitaculum ‘habitation’ from habitare ‘inhabit’]

binocular /biˈnɒkjʊlə/ adj.  adapted for or using both eyes 双目的，双目并用的 [BIN- + Latin oculus ‘eye’]

binoculars /biˈnɒkjʊləz/ n. pl.  an optical instrument with a lens for each eye, for viewing distant objects 双筒望远镜

binocular vision n.  vision using two eyes with overlapping fields of view, allowing good perception of depth 双眼视觉

binomial /baiˈnəʊmiəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms 二项式 2  a two-part name, esp. in taxonomy 双名(尤指动植物的分类) ●adj.  consisting of two terms 二项式的，双名的 □ binomially  adv.   [French binôme or modern Latin binomium (as BI-, Greek nomos ‘part, portion’)]

binomial classification n.  a system of classification using two terms, the first one indicating the genus and the second the species 双名分类

binomial distribution n.  a frequency distribution of the possible number of successful outcomes in a given number of trials in each of which there is the same probability of success 二项分布

binomial theorem n.  a formula for finding any power of a binomial without multiplying at length 二项式定理

binominal /baiˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj.  = BINOMIAL  [Latin binominis (as BI-, nomen -inis name)]

bint /bint/ n. Brit. slang usu. offens.  a girl or woman [英] [俚语] [通常冒犯]少女，妇人 [Arabic, = daughter, girl]

binturong /ˈbintjʊrɒŋ/ n.  a civet, Arctictis binturong, of S. Asia, with a shaggy black coat and a prehensile tail (南亚)熊狸 [Malay]

bio- /ˈbaiəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  life (biography 传记) 生命 2  biological (biomathematics 生物数学) 生物学的 3  of living beings (biophysics 生物物理学) 生物的 [Greek bios ‘(course of) human life’]

bioassay /ˌbaiəʊəˈsei/ n.  measurement of the concentration or potency of a substance by its effect on living cells or tissues 生物鉴定，生物测定 [BIO- + ASSAY]

biochemistry /baiə(ʊ)ˈkemistri/ n.  the study of the chemical and physico-chemical processes of living organisms 生物化学 □ biochemical  adj.  □ biochemist  n.  

biocide /ˈbaiəsaid/ n.  1  a poisonous substance, esp. a pesticide 生物杀灭剂(尤指杀虫剂) 2  the destruction of life (生命的)残害，毁灭 [BIO- + -CIDE]

biocoenosis /ˌbaiə(ʊ)siˈnəʊsis/ n. (US [美] biocenosis) (pl. -noses /-si:z/)  1  an association of different organisms forming a community 生物群落 2  the relationship existing between such organisms 群落关系 □ biocoenology  /-ˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  □ biocoenotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from BIO- + Greek koinōsis ‘sharing’ from koinos ‘common’]

biodegradable /ˌbaiə(ʊ)diˈɡreidəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms 可进行生物降解的 □ biodegradability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ biodegradation  /ˌbaiəʊdeɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

biodiversity /ˌbaiə(ʊ)daiˈvɜ:siti/ n.  diversity of plant and animal life 生物的多样性

bioenergetics /ˌbaiəʊenəˈdʒetiks/ n.  the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms 生物能学

bioengineering /ˌbaiəʊendʒiˈniəriŋ/ n.  1  the industrial use of biosynthetic processes 生物工程 2  the use of artificial tissues, organs, or organ components to replace damaged or absent parts of the body, e.g. artificial limbs, heart pacemakers, etc. 人工器官移植(如人造四肢、心脏起博器等) □ bioengineer  n. & v.  

bioethics /baiəʊˈeθiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the ethics of medical and biological research 生物伦理学 □ bioethicist  /-sist/ n.  

biofeedback /baiəʊˈfi:dbæk/ n.  the technique of using the feedback of a normally automatic bodily response to a stimulus, in order to acquire voluntary control of that response 生物反馈(技术)

bioflavonoid /baiəʊˈfleivənɔid/ n.  a group of substances occurring mainly in citrus fruits and blackcurrants, and formerly regarded as a vitamin P Also called 亦称作 citrin, vitamin P 生物黄酮类，维生素 [BIO- + flavonoid from FLAVINE + -OID]

biogas /ˈbaiə(ʊ)ɡæs/ n.  gaseous fuel, esp. methane, produced by fermentation of organic matter 生物气(尤指沼气)

biogenesis /baiə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  1  the synthesis of substances by living organisms 生物合成 2  the hypothesis that a living organism arises only from another similar living organism 生源说 □ biogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

biogenic /baiə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj.  produced by living organisms 由生物作用产生的，起源于生物的

biogeography /ˌbaiəʊdʒiˈɒɡrəfi, -ˈdʒɒɡ-/ n.  the scientific study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals 生物地理学(研究动植物的地理分布) □ biogeographical  /-dʒiəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

biography /baiˈɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a written account of a person's life, usu. by another (通常由他人书写的)人物传记b  such writing as a branch of literature 传记体文学 2  the course of a living (usu. human) being's life (通常人类)变迁史 □ biographer  n.  □ biographic  /baiəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ biographical  /baiəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [French biographie or modern Latin biographia, from medieval Greek]

biohazard /ˈbaiəʊˌhæzəd/ n.  a risk to human health or the environment arising from biological work, esp. with micro-organisms (尤指带有微生物的生物工作所引起的)生物危害

biological /baiə(ʊ)ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to biology or living organisms (有关)生物学的，(有关)生物的 2 (of a detergent etc.) containing enzymes to assist the process of cleaning (去污剂等)含酶的 □ biologically  adv.  

biological clock n.  an innate mechanism controlling the rhythmic physiological activities of an organism 生物钟

biological control n.  the control of a pest by the introduction of a natural enemy 生物控制(防治)

biological warfare n.  warfare involving the use of toxins or micro-organisms 细菌战，生物战

biology /baiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of living organisms 生物学 2  the plants and animals of a particular area (一个地区的)生物 □ biologist  n.   [French biologie from German Biologie (as BIO-, -LOGY)]

bioluminescence /ˌbaiəʊlu:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n.  the emission of light by living organisms such as the firefly and glow-worm (如萤火虫)生物发光 □ bioluminescent  adj.  

biomass /ˈbaiə(ʊ)mæs/ n.  the total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume (在特定面积或体积内的)生物量 [BIO- + MASS]

biomathematics /ˌbaiə(ʊ)mæθ(ə)ˈmætiks/ n.  the science of the application of mathematics to biology 生物数学

biome /ˈbaiəʊm/ n.  1  a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur, e.g. tundra 生物群系，生物群落(如苔原) 2  the geographical region containing such a community 生物群落区(带) [BIO- + -OME]

biomechanics /ˌbaiə(ʊ)miˈkæniks/ n.  the study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms 生物力学

biomedical /baiə(ʊ)ˈmedik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to both biology and medicine (有关)生物医学的 □ biomedicine  n.  

biometry /baiˈɒmitri/ n. (also 亦作 biometrics /baiə(ʊ)ˈmetriks/)  the application of statistical analysis to biological data 生物统计学 □ biometric  /baiə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ biometrical  /baiə(ʊ)ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ biometrician  /baiə(ʊ)miˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  

biomorph /ˈbaiəʊmɔ:f/ n.  a decorative form based on a living organism 生物形态 □ biomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [BIO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

bionic /baiˈɒnik/ adj.  1  having artificial body parts or the superhuman powers resulting from these 仿生的 2  relating to bionics 与仿生学有关的 □ bionically  adv.   [BIO-, on the pattern of electronic]

bionics /baiˈɒniks/ n.  the study of mechanical systems that function like living organisms or parts of living organisms 仿生学

bionomics /baiə(ʊ)ˈnɒmiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology 生态学 □ bionomic  adj.   [BIO-, on the pattern of economics]

biophysics /baiə(ʊ)ˈfiziks/ n.  the science of the application of the laws of physics to biological phenomena 生物物理学 □ biophysical  adj.  □ biophysicist  /-sist/ n.  

biopic /ˈbaiəʊpik/ n. colloq.  a biographical film [口]传记(体影)片 [biographical + PIC]

biopsy /ˈbaiɒpsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease 活检，活组织检查 [French biopsie from Greek bios ‘life’ + opsis ‘sight’, on the pattern of necropsy]

biorhythm /ˈbaiə(ʊ)rið(ə)m/ n.  1  any of the recurring cycles of biological processes thought to affect a person's emotional, intellectual, and physical activity 生物节律 2  any periodic change in the behaviour or physiology of an organism 生物节律变化 □ biorhythmic  /-ˈriðmik/ adj.  □ biorhythmically  /-ˈriðmik(ə)li/ adv.  

bioscope /ˈbaiəskəʊp/ n. S. Afr. slang  a cinema [南非] [俚语]电影；电影院 [in early use ‘a view of life’, from BIO- + -SCOPE]

biosphere /ˈbaiə(ʊ)sfiə/ n.  the regions of the earth's crust and atmosphere occupied by living organisms 生物圈 [German Biosphɑ¨re (as BIO-, SPHERE)]

biosynthesis /baiə(ʊ)ˈsinθisis/ n.  the production of organic molecules by living organisms 生物合成 □ biosynthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  

biota /baiˈəʊtə/ n.  the animal and plant life of a region 一个地区的动植物 [modern Latin from Greek biotē ‘life’]

biotechnology /ˌbaiə(ʊ)tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, esp. genetic manipulation of micro-organisms (for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.) (尤指通过微生物基因手法的)生物工艺学(生产抗生素、激素等)

biotic /baiˈɒtik/ adj.  1  relating to life or to living things (有关)生命的，(有关)生物的 2  of biological origin 由生物引起的 [French biotique or Late Latin bioticus, from Greek biōtikos from bios ‘life’]

biotin /ˈbaiətin/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in egg yolk, liver, and yeast, and involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Also (esp. US) called [尤美]亦称作 vitamin H 生物素，维生素 H [German, from Greek bios ‘life’ + -IN]

biotite /ˈbaiətait/ n.  a black, dark brown, or green micaceous mineral occurring as a constituent of metamorphic and igneous rocks 黑云母 [J. B. Biot, French mineralogist d. 1862]

bipartisan /ˌbaipɑ:tiˈzæn/ adj.  of or involving two (esp. political) parties (代表)两党的(尤指政党) □ bipartisanship  n.  

bipartite /baiˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  1  consisting of two parts 由两部分构成的 2  shared by or involving two parties 两方(政党)共有的；代表双方的 3 Law (of a contract, treaty, etc.) drawn up in two corresponding parts or between two parties 【法律】(合同、条约等)一式两份的；双方之间的 [Latin bipartitus from bipartire (as BI-, partire PART)]

biped /ˈbaiped/ n. & adj. ●n.  a two-footed animal 二足动物 ●adj.  two-footed 二足的 □ bipedal  /baiˈpi:d(ə)l/ adj.  □ bipedalism  /baiˈpi:d(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  □ bipedality  /baipi:ˈdæliti/ n.   [Latin bipes -edis (as BI-, pes pedis ‘foot’)]

biphenyl /baiˈfi:nail, baiˈfenil/ n. Chem.  an organic compound containing two phenyl groups. Cf. 参见 PCB 【化】联苯，二苯基

bipinnate /baiˈpineit/ adj. (of a pinnate leaf) having leaflets that are further subdivided in a pinnate arrangement (复叶)二回羽状的，两羽状的

biplane /ˈbaiplein/ n.  an early type of aeroplane having two sets of wings, one above the other (cf. 参见 MONOPLANE) 双翼飞机

bipolar /baiˈpəʊlə/ adj.  having two poles or extremities 有两极的，双极的 □ bipolarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  

birch /bɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 birch tree)  any tree of the genus Betula, having thin peeling bark, bearing catkins, and found predominantly in northern temperate regions 桦；桦属树木 2 (in full 全称 birchwood)  the hard fine-grained pale wood of these trees 桦木 3 NZ  any of various similar trees [新]类似桦属的树木 4 (in full 全称 birch-rod)  a bundle of birch twigs used for flogging 桦条 ●v. tr.  beat with a birch (in sense 4 of n. 用于名词释义 4) 用桦条打 □ birchen  adj.   [Old English bi(e)rce, from Germanic]

birch-bark n.  1  the bark of Betula papyrifera used to make canoes 桦树皮 2 N. Amer.  such a canoe [北美]桦皮独木船

bird /bɜ:d/ n.  1  a feathered vertebrate of the class Aves with a beak, two wings, and two feet, egg-laying and usu. able to fly (通常能飞的)鸟，禽 2  a game bird (可捕捉的)猎鸟 3 Brit. slang  a young woman [英] [俚语]少女，姑娘 4 colloq.  a person [口]人；家伙  a wily old bird  狡猾的老家伙 5 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  a prison 监狱b rhyming slang  a prison sentence (short for birdlime = time) [同韵俚语]刑期 □ a bird in the hand   something secured or certain 已到手的东西，有把握的事物□ the bird is (or has) flown   the prisoner, quarry, etc., has escaped 囚犯(或猎物等)逃跑了□ the birds and the bees  euphem.  sexual activity and reproduction [婉]两性关系的基本知识□ birds of a feather   people of like character 同类的人□ for (or strictly for) the birds  colloq.  trivial, uninteresting [口]无价值的，无趣的□ get the bird  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  be dismissed 被解雇 2  be hissed at or booed 被嘘，被喝倒彩□ like a bird  Brit.  without difficulty or hesitation [英]毫无困难，毫不犹豫□ a little bird   an unnamed informant 私下提供消息者，告密者 [Old English brid, of unknown origin]

bird bath n.  a basin in a garden etc. with water for birds to bathe in (花园等处的)鸟浴盆

birdbrain /ˈbɜ:dbrein/ n. colloq.  a stupid or flighty person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜；轻浮的人 □ birdbrained  adj.  

birdcage /ˈbɜ:dkeidʒ/ n.  1  a cage for birds usu. made of wire or cane 鸟笼(通常用铁丝或竹、藤片制成) 2  an object of a similar design 鸟笼式东西

bird call n.  1  a bird's natural call 鸟叫声 2  an instrument imitating this 鸟笛，鸟叫声模仿器

bird cherry n.  a wild cherry, Prunus padus 稠李(稠梨)

birder /ˈbɜ:də/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a birdwatcher [尤北美]鸟类研究者，鸟类观察者 □ birding  n.  

bird-fancier n.  a person who knows about, collects, breeds, or deals in, birds 玩鸟的人，研究鸟的人，鸟商

birdie /ˈbɜ:di/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq.  a little bird [口]小鸟 2 Golf  a score of one stroke less than par at any hole 【高尔夫球】小鸟球，少于标准一击的入穴 ●v. tr. (birdies, birdied, birdying) Golf  play (a hole) in a birdie 【高尔夫球】比标准数少一次击球打入(穴)

birdlime /ˈbɜ:dlaim/ n.  sticky material painted on to twigs to trap small birds 粘鸟胶

bird-nesting n. (also 亦作 bird's-nesting)  hunting for birds' nests, usu. to get eggs 掏鸟窝(通常为获得鸟蛋)

bird of paradise n.  any bird of the family Paradiseidae, found chiefly in New Guinea, the males having very beautiful brilliantly coloured plumage 极乐鸟，风鸟

bird of passage n.  1  a migrant 候鸟 2  any transient visitor 漂泊不定的人

bird of prey n.  a bird which hunts animals for food 猛禽

bird sanctuary n.  an area where birds are protected and encouraged to breed 鸟类保护区

birdseed /ˈbɜ:dsi:d/ n.  a blend of seed for feeding birds, esp. ones which are caged (尤指喂笼中鸟的)鸟食

bird's-eye n. & adj. ●n.  1  any of several plants having small bright round flowers, such as the germander speedwell 开鲜艳小花的植物(如婆婆纳) 2  a pattern with many small spots 鸟眼花纹 ●adj.  of or having small bright round flowers 有鸟眼花纹的；开鲜艳小花的  bird's-eye primrose  色彩鲜艳的报春花

bird's-eye view n.  a general view from above 鸟瞰

bird's-foot n. (pl. bird's-foots)  any plant having a part like the foot of a bird, esp. a vetch of the genus Ornithopus, with claw-shaped pods (叶或花形)似鸟足的植物(尤指鸟脚属鸟足大戟)

bird's-foot trefoil n.  a small leguminous plant, Lotus corniculatus, having yellow flowers streaked with red 牛角花，百脉根(黄花带花条)

bird's-nesting var.  of BIRD-NESTING  BIRD-NESTING 的变体

bird's nest soup n.  soup made (esp. in Chinese cookery) from the dried gelatinous coating of the nests of swifts and other birds (尤指中国菜肴中的)燕窝汤

birdsong /ˈbɜ:dsɒŋ/ n.  the musical cry of a bird or birds 鸟鸣，鸣啭

bird-strike n.  a collision between a bird and an aircraft 鸟与飞机的撞击

bird table n. Brit.  a raised platform on which food for birds is placed [英]鸟食台

birdwatcher /ˈbɜ:dwɒtʃə/ n.  a person who observes birds in their natural surroundings 鸟类观察者，鸟类研究者 □ birdwatching  n.  

birefringent /bairiˈfrin(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj. Physics  having two different refractive indices 【物理学】双折射的 □ birefringence  n.  

bireme /ˈbairi:m/ n. hist.  an ancient Greek warship, with two files of oarsmen on each side [史义] (古希腊的)双排桨海船 [Latin biremis (as BI-, remus ‘oar’)]

biretta /biˈretə/ n.  a square usu. black cap with three flat projections on top, worn by (esp. Roman Catholic) clergymen 四角帽(尤指天主教神职人员所戴的法冠) [Italian berretta or Spanish birreta, from Late Latin birrus ‘hooded cape’]

biriani /biriˈɑ:ni/ n. (also 亦作 biryani)  an originally Indian dish made with highly seasoned rice, and meat or fish etc. 印度比尔亚尼菜(内含大米、肉、鱼等) [Urdu]

Birmingham /ˈbɜ:miŋəm/, /ˈbɜ:miŋhæm/ n.  1 /ˈbɜ:miŋəm/  伯明翰[英国城市] 2 /ˈbɜ:miŋhæm/  伯明翰[美国城市]

biro /ˈbairəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. propr.  a kind of ballpoint pen [英] [商标]博罗(一种圆珠笔) [L. Biró (d.1985), Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint]

birth /bɜ:θ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the emergence of a (usu. fully developed) infant or other young from the body of its mother (通常指充分发育后)出生，分娩 2 literary  the beginning or coming into existence of something [文学用语]起源，开始  the birth of civilization  文明的起源 the birth of socialism  社会主义的起源 3  a  origin, descent, ancestry 家系，出身，血统  of noble birth  出身高贵b  high or noble birth; inherited position 高贵的出生；门第 ●v. tr. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give birth to 分娩(生育) 2  assist (a woman) to give birth 协助(妇女)分娩，生育 □ give birth   bear a child etc. 分娩，生育(孩子等)□ give birth to   1  produce (young) from the womb 生下，生出(小孩) 2  cause to begin, found 引起，产生 [Middle English, from Old Norse byrth from Germanic: see BEAR1, -TH2]

birth certificate n.  an official document identifying a person by name, place, date of birth, and parentage 出生证明

birth control n.  the control of the number of children one conceives, esp. by contraception (尤指通过避孕)节育

birth control pill n.  the contraceptive pill (女用)避孕丸

birthday /ˈbɜ:θdei/ n.  1  the day on which a person etc. was born (人等的)出生日 2  the anniversary of this 生日 □ in one's birthday suit  joc.  naked [诙]裸体

birthday honours n. pl. Brit.  titles etc. given on a sovereign's official birthday [英]在国王(或女王)诞辰授予的头衔

birthing /ˈbɜ:θiŋ/ n.  the act or process of giving birth 分娩的行为(或过程) also 亦作 attrib.: birthing position  分娩姿势

birthing pool n.  a large bath for giving birth in 分娩池

birthmark /ˈbɜ:θmɑ:k/ n.  an unusual brown or red mark on one's body at or from birth 胎记，胎痣

birth mother n.  = MOTHERn. 1a 

birth pill n. Brit. [英]  = BIRTH CONTROL PILL 

birthplace /ˈbɜ:θpleis/ n.  the place where a person was born 诞生地，出生地

birth rate n.  the number of live births per thousand of population per year (人口)出生率

birthright /ˈbɜ:θrait/ n.  a right of possession or privilege one has from birth, esp. as the eldest son 继承权(尤指长子继承权)

birthstone /ˈbɜ:θstəʊn/ n.  a gemstone popularly associated with the month of one's birth 诞生石

birthweight /ˈbɜ:θweit/ n.  the weight of a baby at birth 出生时的体重

biryani var.  of BIRIANI  BIRIANI 的变体

biscuit /ˈbiskit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit.  a small unleavened cake, usu. flat and crisp and often sweet [英]饼干(通常扁平、脆，常甜) 2  fired unglazed pottery (陶瓷的)素烧坯 3  a light brown colour 淡褐色 ●adj.  light brown 淡褐色的 □ biscuity  adj.   [Middle English from Old French bescoit etc., ultimately from Latin bis ‘twice’ + coctus, past part. of coquere ‘cook’]

bise /bi:z/ n.  a keen dry northerly wind in Switzerland, southern France, etc. (瑞士、法国南部等的)干冷北风 [French]

bisect /baiˈsekt/ v. tr.  divide into two (strictly, equal) parts 把…(等)分为二 □ bisection  /-ˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ bisector  n.   [BI- + Latin secare sect- ‘cut’]

bisexual /baiˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sexually attracted by persons of both sexes 对两性都有兴趣的 2 Biol.  having characteristics of both sexes 【生】雌雄同体的 3  of or concerning both sexes 两性的，与两性有关的 ●n.  a bisexual person 阴阳人 □ bisexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  

bish /biʃ/ n. Brit. slang  a mistake [英] [俚语]错，错误 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

bishop /ˈbiʃəp/ n.  1  a senior member of the Christian clergy usu. in charge of a diocese, and empowered to confer holy orders (基督教的)主教(通常负责主教管区) 2  a chess piece with the top sometimes shaped like a mitre (国际象棋中的)象 3  mulled and spiced wine 香甜葡萄酒 [Old English biscop, ultimately from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’ (as EPI-, -skopos ‘-looking’)]

bishopric /ˈbiʃəprik/ n.  1  the office of a bishop 主教的职位 2  a diocese 主教管区 [Old English bisceoprīce (as BISHOP, rīce ‘realm’)]

bismuth /ˈbizməθ/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a brittle reddish-white metallic element, occurring naturally and used in alloys (symbol 符 Bi) (化学元素)铋 2  any compound of this element used medicinally 铋的化合物 [modern Latin bisemutum, Latinization of German Wismut, of unknown origin]

bison /ˈbais(ə)n/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  either of two wild humpbacked shaggy-haired oxen of the genus Bison, native to N. America (B. bison) or Europe (B. bonasus) 美洲野牛，欧洲野牛 [Middle English, via Latin from Germanic]

bisque1 /bisk, bi:sk/ n.  a rich shellfish soup, made esp. from lobster (尤指龙虾)贝肉汤 [French]

bisque2 /bisk/ n. Tennis, Croquet & Golf  an advantage of scoring one free point, or taking an extra turn or stroke 【网球】【槌球】【高尔夫球】一分(杆)的让步 [French]

bisque3 /bisk/ n.  = BISCUIT 2 

bistable /baiˈsteib(ə)l/ adj. (of an electrical circuit etc.) having two stable states (电路等)双稳态的

bister var.  of BISTRE  BISTRE 的变体

bistort /ˈbistɔ:t/ n.  a herbaceous plant, Polygonum bistorta, with a twisted root and a cylindrical spike of flesh-coloured flowers 拳参 [French bistorte or medieval Latin bistorta, from bis ‘twice’ + torta, fem. past part. of torquēre ‘twist’]

bistoury /ˈbistʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical scalpel 外科用细长刀 [French bistouri, bistorie, originally = dagger, of unknown origin]

bistre /ˈbistə/ n. & adj. (US [美] bister) ●n.  1  a brownish pigment made from the soot of burnt wood (由燃烧木材的烟灰中制取的)褐色颜料 2  the brownish colour of this 褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 褐色的 [French, of unknown origin]

bistro /ˈbi:strəʊ, ˈbis-/ n. (pl. -os)  a small restaurant 小饭馆，小酒馆 [French]

bisulphate /baiˈsʌlfeit/ n. (US [美] bisulfate) Chem.  a salt or ester of sulphuric acid 【化】酸式硫酸盐(酯)，硫酸氢盐(酯)

bit1 /bit/ n.  1  a small piece or quantity 一小块，少量  a bit of cheese  一小块奶酪 give me another bit  再给我一点儿 that bit is too small  那一小块太小了 2 (prec. by 前接 a)  a  a fair amount 一点儿，少量  sold quite a bit  已卖出一点了 needed a bit of persuading  需要一些说服工作b colloq.  somewhat [口]有点儿  am a bit tired  我有点累了c (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  rather [口]相当，颇  a bit of an idiot  大傻瓜d (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  only a little; a mere [口]只是，稍微，仅仅  a bit of a boy  仅仅一个小男孩 3  a short time or distance 一会儿；短距离  wait a bit  等一会儿 move up a bit  稍稍往前一点儿 4 US slang  a unit of 12(1/2) cents (used only in even multiples) [美] [俚语] 12 分半，一角两分半(仅用于双数的倍数) □ bit by bit   gradually 逐渐地，一点一点地□ bit of all right  Brit. slang  a pleasing person or thing, esp. a woman [英] [俚语]赏心悦目的东西(尤指美丽的女人)□ bit of fluff (or skirt or stuff)   see 见 FLUFF, SKIRT n. 5, STUFF □ bit of rough   see 见 ROUGH □ bit on the side  slang [俚语]  1  a sexual relationship involving infidelity to one's partner 私通 2  the person with whom one is unfaithful 奸夫，奸妇□ bits and pieces (or bobs)   an assortment of small items 零星碎片，杂物□ do one's bit  colloq.  make a useful contribution to an effort or cause [口]尽自己的义务，尽自己的力量□ every bit as   see 见 EVERY □ not a bit (or Brit. [英] not a bit of it)   not at all 一点儿也不□ to bits   1  into pieces 成碎片 2 colloq.  very much; to a great degree [口]非常，极其  love them to bits  非常爱他们 thrilled to bits  毛骨悚然 [Old English bita from Germanic, related to BITE]

bit2 past  of BITE  

bit3 /bit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a metal mouthpiece on a bridle, used to control a horse (马的)嚼子 2  a (usu. metal) tool or piece for boring or drilling (通常金属)锥，凿子，钻头 3  the cutting or gripping part of a plane, pincers, etc. (刨、钳子等的)刀口，咬口 4  the part of a key that engages with the lock-lever 钥匙齿 5  the copper head of a soldering iron (烙铁的)铜头，焊铜 ●v. tr.  1  put a bit into the mouth of (a horse) 给(马)上嚼子 2  restrain 约束，抑制 □ take the bit between one's teeth   1  take decisive personal action 采取果断的行动 2  escape from control 挣脱束缚，桀骜不驯 [Old English bite from Germanic, related to BITE]

bit4 /bit/ n. Computing  a unit of information expressed as a choice between two possibilities; a 0 or 1 in binary notation 【计算】比特；二进制位 0 或 1 ；二进位符号 [BINARY + DIGIT]

bitch /bitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a female dog or other canine animal 母狗、母狼(母狐等) 2 slang offens.  a malicious or spiteful woman [俚语] [冒犯]坏女人，恶妇 3 slang  a very unpleasant or difficult thing or situation [俚语]使人不愉快的事(或局面) ●v. colloq. [口]  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  speak scathingly 严厉尖刻地说b  complain 抱怨 2 tr.  be spiteful or unfair to 对…怀恨，对…不公 [Old English bicce]

bitchy /ˈbitʃi/ adj. (bitchier, bitchiest) slang  spiteful; bad-tempered [俚语]恶意的，脾气坏的 □ bitchily  adv.  □ bitchiness  n.  

bite /bait/ v. & n. ●v. (past bit /bit/; past part. bitten /ˈbit(ə)n/)  1 tr.  cut or puncture using the teeth 咬；咬住 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away, etc.)  detach with the teeth 咬下，咬掉 3 tr. (of an insect, snake, etc.) wound with a sting, fangs, etc. (昆虫、蛇等)咬，叮等 4 intr. (of a wheel, screw, etc.) grip, penetrate (轮子、螺丝等)拧紧，咬紧 5 intr.  accept bait or an inducement 吞饵，上钩 6 intr.  have a (desired) adverse effect 产生(想像中的)不良效果 7 tr. (in passive 用被动)  a  take in; swindle 欺骗；诈骗b (foll. by 后跟 by, with, etc.)  be infected by (enthusiasm etc.) 被(热情等)感染，迷住 8 tr. (as 作 bitten adj.)  cause a glowing or smarting pain to 使感觉剧痛(或刺痛) (的)  frostbitten  冻伤的 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  snap at 咬，抓，叮 10 tr. colloq.  worry, perturb [口]烦扰，使不安  what's biting you?  什么事使你烦恼？ ●n.  1  an act of biting 咬，叮 2  a wound or sore made by biting 咬伤，咬痛 3  a  a mouthful of food 一口(食物)b  a snack or light meal 少量食物 4  the taking of bait by a fish (鱼的)吞饵，上钩 5  pungency (esp. of flavour) 辛辣(尤指味道) 6  incisiveness, sharpness 尖锐，锋利 7  = OCCLUSION 3  □ bite back   restrain (one's speech etc.) by or as if by biting the lips 忍住(话语等)，把(话)咽下去□ bite (or Brit. [英] bite on) the bullet  slang  behave bravely or stoically [俚语]勇敢，咬紧牙关□ bite the dust  slang [俚语]  1  die 死，阵亡 2  fail; break down 失败，破坏□ bite the hand that feeds one   hurt or offend a benefactor 伤害(或冒犯)行善者□ bite a person's head off  colloq.  respond fiercely or angrily [口]愤怒地回答□ bite one's lip   see 见 LIP □ bite off more than one can chew   take on a commitment one cannot fulfil 承担力所不及的事□ once bitten twice shy   an unpleasant experience induces caution 一次被咬，下次胆小□ put the bite on  US slang  borrow or extort money from [美] [俚语]借钱；勒索钱财□ biter  n.   [Old English bītan, from Germanic]

bite-sized adj. (also 亦作 bite-size)  1  small enough to be eaten in one mouthful 一口的 2  very small or short 极小的，极短的

biting /ˈbaitiŋ/ adj.  1  stinging; intensely cold 尖利刺人的，刺痛的；极冷的  a biting wind  刺骨寒风 2  sharp; effective 辛辣的；有力的；尖锐的  biting wit  才智敏捷 biting sarcasm  辛辣的讥讽 □ bitingly  adv.  

bitmap /ˈbitmæp/ n. & v. Computing 【计算】  ●n.  a representation in which each item is shown by one or more bits of information, esp. a display of the contents of a memory store 位图，位映像(显示内存量) ●v. tr. (-mapped, -mapping)  provide with or represent by a bitmap 提供位图，用位图表示

bit part n.  a minor part in a play or a film (戏剧或电影中的)小角色

bitten past part.  of BITE.  

bitter /ˈbitə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having a sharp pungent taste; not sweet 苦的，有苦味的 2  a  caused by or showing mental pain or resentment 引起(表现)心头痛苦(或怨恨)的  bitter memories  痛苦的记忆 bitter rejoinder  尖锐的反驳b  painful or difficult to accept 令人痛苦的，难以接受的  bitter disappointment  令人接受不了的失望 3  a  harsh; virulent 强烈的，刻骨的，恶毒的  bitter animosity  刻骨仇恨b  piercingly cold 严寒的，极冷的，刺骨的 ●n.  1 Brit.  beer strongly flavoured with hops and having a bitter taste [英]苦啤酒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  liquor with a bitter flavour (esp. of wormwood) used as an additive in cocktails (尤指用苦艾调制鸡尾酒的)苦味药酒 □ to the bitter end   to the very end in spite of difficulties 奋斗到底，坚持到最后□ bitterly  adv.  □ bitterness  n.   [Old English biter, probably from Germanic: to the bitter end may be associated with a nautical word bitter = ‘last part of a cable’: see BITTS]

bitter aloes  see 见 ALOE 2 

bitter-apple n.  = COLOCYNTH 

bitterling /ˈbitəliŋ/ n.  a small brightly coloured freshwater fish, Rhodeus amarus, from central Europe 鳑鲏 [German Bitterling, from BITTER adj. + -LING1]

bittern1 /ˈbitən/ n.  any of a group of wading birds of the heron family, esp. of the genus Botaurus with a distinctive booming call (尤指麻鳽属)麻鳽 [Middle English from Old French butor, ultimately from Latin butio ‘bittern’ + taurus ‘bull’ (from its call); -n perhaps from association with HERON]

bittern2 /ˈbitən/ n. Chem.  the liquid remaining after the crystallization of common salt from sea water 【化】盐卤 [probably from BITTER adj.]

bitter orange n.  = SEVILLE ORANGE 

bitter pill n.  something unpleasant that has to be accepted 难以接受的事，苦果

bitter-sweet adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sweet with a bitter aftertaste 又苦又甜的 2  arousing pleasure tinged with pain or sorrow 又苦又乐的 ●n.  1  a  sweetness with a bitter aftertaste 又苦又甜的东西b  pleasure tinged with pain or sorrow 又苦又乐的事情 2  = woody nightshade (see 见 NIGHTSHADE) 

bitts /bits/ n. pl. Naut.  a pair of posts on the deck of a ship, for fastening cables etc. 【海】(船上系住缆索的)系缆柱 [Middle English, probably from Low German]

bitty /ˈbiti/ adj. (bittier, bittiest)  1 esp. Brit.  made up of unrelated bits; scrappy [尤英] (由碎料)杂凑的，拼凑而成的 2 (esp. in phrs. 尤用于短语 little bitty, itty-bitty) N. Amer. colloq.  tiny [北美口]微小的 □ bittily  adv.  □ bittiness  n.  

bitumen /ˈbitjʊmən/ n.  1  any of various tarlike mixtures of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum naturally or by distillation and used for road surfacing and roofing 沥青，柏油 2 Austral. colloq.  a tarred road [澳口]沥青路，柏油路 [Latin bitumen -minis]

bituminize /biˈtju:minaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convert into, impregnate with, or cover with bitumen 使成沥青；灌注沥青；用沥青覆盖 □ bituminization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

bituminous /biˈtju:minəs/ adj.  of, relating to, or containing bitumen 沥青的；与沥青有关的；含沥青的

bituminous coal n.  a form of coal burning with a smoky flame 烟煤

bivalent adj. & n. ●adj.  1 /baiˈveil(ə)nt/ Chem. 【化】  = DIVALENT  2 /ˈbiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ Biol. (of homologous chromosomes) associated in pairs 【生】(同源染色体)二价染色体的 ●n. /ˈbiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ Biol.  any pair of homologous chromosomes 【生】二价染色体 □ bivalency  n.   [BI- + Latin valent- pres. part. stem of valere: see VALENCY]

bivalve /ˈbaivælv/ n. & adj. ●n.  any of a group of aquatic molluscs of the class Bivalvia, with laterally compressed bodies enclosed within two hinged shells, e.g. oysters, mussels, etc. (双壳纲)双壳类动物(如牡蛎、贻贝等) ●adj.  1  with a hinged double shell 有双壳的 2 Biol.  having two valves, e.g. of a pea pod 【生】有两瓣壳的(如豌豆荚)

bivouac /ˈbivʊæk, ˈbivwæk/ n. & v. ●n.  a temporary open encampment without tents, esp. of soldiers (尤指士兵)露营 ●v. intr. (bivouacked, bivouacking)  camp in a bivouac, esp. overnight 露营(尤指夜宿) [earlier, ‘a night watch by a whole army’: French, probably from Swiss German Beiwacht ‘additional guard at night’]

biweekly /baiˈwi:kli/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  every two weeks 两周一次地 2  twice a week 一周两次地 ●adj.  produced or occurring biweekly 两周一次的，一周两次的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a biweekly periodical 双周刊，半周刊■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BIMONTHLY. 见 BIMONTHLY 的用法说明。 

biyearly /baiˈjiəli, -ˈjɜ:-/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  every two years 两年一次地 2  twice a year 一年两次地 ●adj.  produced or occurring biyearly 两年一次的，一年两次的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BIMONTHLY. 见 BIMONTHLY 的用法说明。 

biz /biz/ n. colloq.  business [口]生意 [abbreviation]

bizarre /biˈzɑ:/ adj.  strange in appearance or effect; eccentric; grotesque 稀奇古怪的；异乎寻常的；奇形怪状的 □ bizarrely  adv.  □ bizarreness  n.   [French, = handsome, brave, via Spanish & Portuguese bizarro from Basque bizarra ‘beard’]

bizarrerie /biˈzɑ:rəri/ n.  a bizarre quality; bizarreness (性质)稀奇古怪；奇形怪状物 [French]

Bk symb. Chem.  the element berkelium [符]【化】(化学元素)锫

bk. abbr. [缩略]  book 

BL abbr. [缩略]  1 Sc. & Ir.  Bachelor of Law [苏格兰和爱尔兰]法学士 2  British Library 不列颠图书馆，英国图书馆 3 hist.  British Leyland [史义]利兰游记 4  bill of lading 

bl. abbr. [缩略]  1  barrel  2  black 

blab /blæb/ v. & n. ●v. (blabbed, blabbing)  1 intr.  a  talk foolishly or indiscreetly 瞎说，乱谈b  reveal secrets 泄密 2 tr.  reveal (a secret etc.) by indiscreet talk (乱谈而)泄漏(秘密等) ●n.  a person who blabs 瞎说的人，泄密的人 [Middle English, probably from Germanic]

blabber /ˈblæbə/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 blabbermouth /ˈblæbəmaʊθ/)  a person who blabs 瞎说的人 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  talk foolishly or inconsequentially, esp. at length (尤指没完没了地)瞎说，喋喋不休地说

black /blæk/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  very dark, having no colour from the absorption of all or nearly all incident light (like coal or soot) 黑的，漆黑的(如同煤或煤烟) 2  completely dark from the absence of a source of light 黑暗的  black night  漆黑的夜晚 3 (also 亦作 Black)  a  of the human group having dark-coloured skin, esp. of African or Australian Aboriginal descent 黑皮肤的(尤指非洲或澳大利亚土著人)b  of or relating to black people (有关)黑人的  black rights  黑人的权利 4 (of the sky, a cloud, etc.) dusky; heavily overcast (天空、云等)暗黑的；乌黑的 5  angry, threatening 生气的，威胁性的  a black look  愤怒的目光 6  implying disgrace or condemnation 不光彩的，谴责的  in his black books  在他那不光彩的书中 7  wicked, sinister, deadly 邪恶的，险恶的，有害的  black-hearted  黑心的，邪恶的 8  gloomy, depressed, sullen 阴郁的，忧闷的，忧郁的  a black mood  低落的情绪 9  portending trouble or difficulty 有麻烦的，有困难的  things looked black  事情看来不妙 10 (of hands, clothes, etc.) dirty, soiled (手、衣服等)脏的，被污染的 11 (of humour or its representation) with sinister or macabre, as well as comic, import (幽默或幽默作品)黑色幽默的  black comedy  黑色喜剧 12 (of tea or coffee) without milk (茶或咖啡)不加牛奶的 13 Brit. [英]  a (of industrial labour or its products) boycotted, esp. by a trade union, in an industrial dispute (工业劳动、工业产品)受(尤指工会)抵制的b (of a person) doing work or handling goods that have been boycotted (人)做黑活的，经营黑货的 14  dark in colour as distinguished from a lighter variety 深色的  black bear  黑熊 black pine  黑松 ●n.  1  a black colour or pigment 黑色；黑色颜料 2  black clothes or material 黑衣服；黑料子  dressed in black  穿黑衣 3  a (in a game or sport) a black piece, ball, etc. (比赛、运动中的)黑(棋)子(黑球等)b  the player using such pieces 执黑子的人；持黑球一方的人 4  the credit side of an account 贷方  in the black  有结余 5 (also 亦作 Black)  a member of a dark-skinned race, esp. of African or Australian descent 黑人(尤指非洲或澳大利亚的黑人) ●v. tr.  1  make black 使黑，使脏  blacked his face  弄脏了他的脸 2  polish with blacking 用黑色鞋油(或颜料)涂 3 Brit.  declare (goods etc.) ‘black’ [英] (宣布对货品等)进行抵制 □ black in the face   livid with strangulation, exertion, or passion (由于窒息、用力或发怒)脸色发青□ black out   1  a  effect a blackout on 对…实行灯火管制b  undergo a blackout 断电 2  obscure windows etc. or extinguish all lights for protection esp. against an air attack (尤指为防止空袭)实行灯火管制；(窗户等)被遮得不透光□ blackish  adj.  □ blackly  adv.  □ blackness  n.   [Old English blœc]■Usage 用法说明 When referring to dark-skinned people, black (rather than Negro or Coloured) is now the preferred term. In Britain and the US it is generally used to designate people of African descent while in Australia it is used of Aboriginals. The term African-American is also common in the US for people of African descent. 说到黑人时，现在用的词是 black (不是 Negro, 也不是 Coloured) 。在美国和英国，用 black 时一般指非洲人后裔，在澳大利亚则指当地土著。在美国还常用 African-American 指非洲人后裔。 In Britain, the term black is often found alongside Asian with reference to the two largest ethnic minorities, e.g. The organization is open to blacks, Asians, and anyone who believes they suffer discrimination. In the US, black is often found alongside Hispanic in similar contexts. 在英国经常把 black 同 Asian 一起用，指两个最大的少数民族，如 The organization is open to blacks, Asians, and anyone who believes they suffer discrimination (这个组织向黑人、亚洲人以及那些认为自己遭受歧视的人们开放。)在美国，在同样的语境中，经常把 black 同 Hispanic 一起用。 Although black has been the preferred term for a number of years now, older people still tend to use other previously acceptable terms (e.g. Negro or Coloured). In order to avoid offence, however, these terms should not be used. 虽然大家喜欢用 black 好多年了，但是老人们还是倾向于用他们先前用过的词(如 Negro 和 Coloured) 。但是为了避免冒犯，还是不要使用这些词语。 

black Africa n.  the area of Africa, generally south of the Sahara, where black people predominate (一般指撒哈拉沙漠以南的)非洲黑人区

blackamoor /ˈblækəmʊə, -mɔ:/ n. archaic  a black African; a very dark-skinned person [古义]非洲黑人；皮肤黝黑的人 [BLACK + MOOR]

black and blue adj.  discoloured by bruises 青肿的，淤血的

Black and Tans n. pl.  an armed force recruited to fight Sinn Fein in Ireland in 1921, wearing a mixture of military and constabulary uniforms 爱尔兰王室警吏团

black and white n. & adj. ●n.  writing or printing 白纸黑字，书面  in black and white  白纸黑色的 ●adj.  1  recorded in writing or print 白纸黑字的  down in black and white  用白纸黑字记下 2 (of film etc.) not in colour (电影等)黑白的 3  consisting of extremes only, oversimplified 绝对化的；过于简单化  interpreted the problem in black and white terms  把问题说得太简单

black art n. (prec. by 前接 the)  = BLACK MAGIC 

blackball /ˈblækbɔ:l/ v. tr.  reject (a candidate) in a ballot (originally by voting with a black ball) (源于用黑球投案反对)投票反对(候选人)

black bass  see 见 BASS2 4 

black bean n.  1  a  any of various plants of the genus Phaseolus, with small black seeds 有黑色种子的植物b  the dried seed of this used as a vegetable 黑豆 2  a fermented soya bean, used as flavouring in oriental cookery 豆瓣酱 3  a large Australian leguminous tree with heavy seed pods, Castanospermum australe 澳大利亚皂荚树

black beetle n. Brit.  the common cockroach, Blatta orientalis [英]蟑螂

black belt n.  1  a black belt worn by an expert in judo, karate, etc. (柔道、空手道等最高级别者所系的)黑腰带 2  a person qualified to wear this 黑腰带级选手

blackberry /ˈblækb(ə)ri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thorny climbing shrub, Rubus fruticosus (rose family), bearing white or pink flowers also called 亦称作 BRAMBLE (蔷薇科)黑莓 2  an edible fruit of this plant, consisting of a cluster of soft black drupels 黑莓果 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  gather blackberries 采黑莓果

black bile n. hist.  one of the four bodily humours, characterized as cold and dry, and associated with a melancholy temperament (cf. 参见 HUMOUR n. 5) [史义]黑胆汁(性寒耐干，与忧郁有关) [translation of Greek melagkholia: cf. MELANCHOLY, ATRABILIOUS]

blackbird /ˈblækbɜ:d/ n.  1  a common thrush, Turdus merula, the male of which is black with an orange beak 乌鸫 2 US  any of various birds, esp. grackles, with black plumage [美]拟八哥(尤指鹩哥) 3 hist.  a black or Polynesian captive on a slave ship [史义]贩奴船上的黑人(或波利尼西亚人)

blackboard /ˈblækbɔ:d/ n.  a board with a smooth usu. dark surface for writing on with chalk 黑板(通常为一黑色平面)

black body n. Physics  a hypothetical perfect absorber and radiator of energy, with no reflecting power 【物理学】黑体

black bottom n.  a popular dance of the 1920s 黑臀舞流行于 20 世纪 20 年代

black box n.  1  a flight recorder in an aircraft (飞机上的)黑匣子 2  any complex piece of equipment, usu. a unit in an electronic system, with contents which are mysterious to the user 黑箱(通常为一组复杂的电子仪器)

blackboy /ˈblækbɔi/ n.  any tree of the genus Xanthorrhoea, native to Australia, with a thick dark trunk and a head of grasslike leaves Also called 亦称作 grass tree (澳大利亚的)禾木胶树

black bread n.  a coarse dark-coloured type of rye bread (裸麦)黑面包

black bryony n.  a climbing plant, Tamus communis, with dark tubers and poisonous red berries 黑泻根属植物

blackbuck /ˈblækbʌk/ n.  a small Indian gazelle, Antilope cervicapra, the male of which has a black back and white underbelly Also called 亦称作 sasin 印度羚

blackcap /ˈblækkæp/ n.  a small warbler, Sylvia atricapilla, the male of which has a black-topped head 黑顶林莺，黑顶山雀

blackcock /ˈblækkɒk/ n.  the male of the black grouse (cf. 参见 GREYHEN) 雄黑琴鸡

Black Country n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a district of the Midlands with heavy industry 黑区(英国中部重工业区)

blackcurrant /blækˈkʌr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a widely cultivated shrub, Ribes nigrum, bearing flowers in racemes 茶藨子；黑加仑子 2  the small round dark edible berry of this plant 茶藨子果；黑加仑子果

Black Death n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the widespread epidemic of bubonic plague in Europe in the 14th c. 黑死病 (14 世纪在欧洲流行的腺鼠疫)

black disc n. Brit.  a long-playing gramophone record, as distinct from a compact disc [英]唱盘，黑盘

black earth n.  = CHERNOZEM 

black economy n.  unofficial economic activity 黑色经济，地下经济

blacken /ˈblæk(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become black or dark (使)变黑，(使)变暗 2 tr.  speak ill of, defame 毁谤，中伤，丑化  blacken someone's character  毁谤某人的品格

black English n.  the form of English spoken by many black people, esp. as an urban dialect of the US (尤指作为美国城市口语的)黑人英语

black eye n.  bruised skin around the eye resulting from a blow (被打得)青肿眼眶

black-eyed bean n. (also 亦作 black-eye bean, US [美] black-eyed pea)  a variety of bean, Vigna sinensis, with seeds often dried and stored prior to eating (so called from its black hilum) 豇豆

black-eyed Susan n.  any of several flowers, esp. of the genus Rudbeckia, with yellow-coloured petals and a dark centre (尤指金光菊属)多毛金光菊

blackface /ˈblækfeis/ n.  1  a variety of sheep with a black face 黑面羊 2  the make-up used by a non-black performer playing a black role 扮黑人演员时化的妆

blackfellow /ˈblækˌfeləʊ/ n. hist.  an Australian Aborigine [史义]澳大利亚土著人

blackfish /ˈblækfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  any of several species of dark-coloured fish 黑鱼(各种黑色鱼类的统称) 2  a salmon at spawning 产卵的鲑鱼

black flag n.  1  a pirate's ensign 海盗旗 2 hist.  a flag hoisted outside a prison to announce an execution [史义] (表示死囚已被处决的)黑旗

blackfly /ˈblækflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  any of various thrips or aphids infesting plants, esp. Aphis fabae 蚋 2  a biting fly of the genus Simulium or family Simuliidae (蚋科)黑蝇

Black Forest gateau n. (N. Amer. [北美] Black Forest cake)  a chocolate sponge with layers of morello cherries or cherry jam and whipped cream and topped with chocolate icing, originally from S. Germany (源于德国南部的)黑林山巧克力蛋糕(用樱桃和生奶油调制而成)

Black Friar n.  a Dominican friar 多明我会修道士，黑修士 [from the colour of the order's habit]

black frost n.  a frost without white dew 黑霜，暗霜

black ginger n.  unscraped ginger 带皮的干生姜

black grouse n. (also 亦作 black game)  a European grouse, Tetrao tetrix 黑琴鸡

blackguard /ˈblæɡɑ:d, -ɡəd/ n. & v. ●n.  a villain; a scoundrel; an unscrupulous, unprincipled person 无赖，恶棍，无耻粗鄙之徒 ●v. tr.  abuse scurrilously 辱骂，漫骂 □ blackguardly  adj.   [BLACK + GUARD: originally applied collectively to menials etc.]

blackhead /ˈblækhed/ n.  a dark plug of sebum in a hair follicle 黑头粉刺

black hole n.  1  a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter and radiation can escape 黑洞 2  a place of confinement for punishment, esp. in the armed services (尤指军营中的)禁闭室，黑牢

black ice n.  thin hard transparent ice, esp. on a road surface (尤指路面上的)透明薄冰

blacking /ˈblækiŋ/ n.  any black paste or polish, esp. for shoes (尤指擦鞋的)黑色涂料，黑鞋油

blackjack1 /ˈblækdʒæk/ n.  1  the card game pontoon 21 点牌戏 2 N. Amer.  a flexible leaded bludgeon [北美]弹性灌铅棒 [BLACK + JACK1]

blackjack2 /ˈblækdʒæk/ n. hist.  a pirates' black flag [史义]海盗旗 [BLACK + JACK1]

blackjack3 /ˈblækdʒæk/ n.  a tarred-leather vessel for alcoholic liquor (外涂柏油的)革制大酒杯 [BLACK + JACK2]

blacklead /ˈblækled/ n. & v. ●n.  graphite 石墨，黑铅 ●v. tr.  polish with graphite 用石墨擦铅

blackleg /ˈblækleɡ/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. (often 常作 attrib.) derog.  a person who fails or declines to take part in industrial action [贬] (破坏罢工的)工贼 ●v. intr. (-legged, -legging)  act as a blackleg 当工贼

black leopard n.  = PANTHER 1 

black letter n.  an old heavy style of type 黑体字

black light n.  ultraviolet or infra-red radiation, invisible to the eye (紫外线、红外线等)不可见光

blacklist /ˈblæklist/ n. & v. ●n.  a list of persons under suspicion, in disfavour, etc. (受怀疑、受冷遇等的)黑名单 ●v. tr.  put the name of (a person) on a blacklist 把(某人)列入黑名单

black magic n.  magic involving supposed invocation of evil spirits 巫术，妖术

blackmail /ˈblækmeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an extortion of payment in return for not disclosing discreditable information, a secret, etc. (以不泄露丢失的信息、秘密等而)勒索，敲诈b  any payment extorted in this way 勒索来的财物 2  the use of threats or moral pressure 恐吓；胁迫 ●v. tr.  1  extort or try to extort money etc. from (a person) by blackmail 勒索，敲诈(某人) (钱财等) 2  threaten, coerce 恐吓 □ blackmailer  n.   [BLACK + obsolete mail ‘rent’: Old English mɑˉl from Old Norse mɑˊl ‘agreement’]

Black Maria n. colloq.  a police vehicle for transporting prisoners [口] (运犯人的)囚车 [orig. US, apparently named after a black woman, Maria Lee, who kept a boarding house in Boston and helped the police in escorting drunk and disorderly customers to jail]

black mark n.  a mark of discredit 黑点，污点

black market n.  an illicit traffic in officially controlled or scarce commodities 黑市 □ black marketeer  n.  

black mass n.  a travesty of the Roman Catholic Mass in worship of Satan (天主教的)黑弥撒(崇拜撒旦的渎神戏拟弥撒)

Black Monk n.  a Benedictine monk 本笃会修道士，黑修士 [from the colour of the order's habit]

black Muslim n. US  a member of an exclusively black Islamic sect proposing a separate black community [美]黑人穆斯林成员

black nationalism n.  advocacy of the national civil rights of esp. US black people 黑人民族主义

black nightshade  see 见 NIGHTSHADE 

blackout /ˈblækaʊt/ n.  1  a temporary or complete loss of vision, consciousness, or memory 暂时失去视力(知觉、记忆) 2  a loss of power, radio reception, etc. 断电(无线电通讯中断等) 3  a compulsory period of darkness as a precaution against air raids (防空的)灯火管制 4  a temporary suppression of the release of information, esp. from police or government sources (尤指警方或政府方的)新闻封锁 5  a sudden darkening of a theatre stage 舞台转暗

Black Panther n. (in the US) a member of an extremist organization set up to fight for the rights of black people (美国)黑豹党成员(为黑人权利而战)

black pepper n.  the unripe ground or whole berries of Piper nigrum as a condiment 黑胡椒(粉)

black power n.  a movement in support of rights and political power for black people 黑人权力运动

black pudding n. Brit.  a black sausage containing pork, dried pig's blood, suet, etc. [英]黑香肠(含精肉、干猪血、板血等)

Black Rod n. Brit.  the principal usher of the Lord Chamberlain's department, House of Lords, etc. [英]黑杖侍卫(王室、与议院等引人入席的官吏) [from the symbol of office]

black salsify n.  scorzonera 细卷鸦葱

Black Sea n.  黑海

black sheep n. colloq.  an unsatisfactory or disreputable member of a family, group, etc.; a misfit [口] (家庭、团队等的)害群之马，败家子

blackshirt /ˈblækʃɜ:t/ n.  a member of a Fascist organization (法西斯组织)黑衫党党员 [from the colour of the Italian Fascist uniform]

blacksmith /ˈblæksmiθ/ n.  a smith who works in iron 铁匠，锻工

black spot n.  1 Brit.  a place of danger or difficulty, esp. on a road [英] (尤指道路的)危险路段  an accident black spot  事故多发地段 2  any of various diseases of plants, esp. of roses, producing black spots on leaves (尤指蔷薇的)黑斑病

black swan n.  1  an Australian swan, Cygnus atratus, with black plumage 黑天鹅 2 Brit.  something extremely rare [英]稀物，罕见的东西

black tea n.  tea that is fully fermented before drying 红茶

blackthorn /ˈblækθɔ:n/ n.  1  a thorny shrub, Prunus spinosa (rose family), bearing white-petalled flowers before the leaves appear, and blue-black fruits; also called SLOE (蔷薇科)黑刺李 2  a cudgel or walking stick made from its wood 黑刺李棍棒(手杖)

blackthorn winter n. Brit.  a spell of cold weather at the time in early spring when the blackthorn flowers [英]刺李寒

black tie n.  1  a black bow tie worn with a dinner jacket 黑领结 2 colloq.  formal evening dress [口] (男子)正式的晚礼服

blacktop /ˈblæktɒp/ n. & v. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●n.  1  a type of road-surfacing material 沥青(黑色)面层 2  a road surfaced with this 有沥青(黑色)面层的路 ●v. tr.  surface (a road) with blacktop 用沥青(黑色)面层铺(路)

black tracker n. Austral.  an Aborigine employed to help find persons lost or hiding in the bush [澳]受雇帮助寻找失踪(或藏匿)人员的土著人

black velvet n.  a drink of stout and champagne 黑啤与香槟各半的饮料

Black Watch n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the Royal Highland Regiment (so called from its dark tartan uniform) 皇家苏格兰高地警卫团(因身着黑制服而著称)

blackwater fever /ˈblækwɔ:tə/ n.  a severe form of malaria in which blood cells are rapidly destroyed, resulting in dark urine 黑尿热(一种恶性疟疾)

black widow n.  a venomous N. American spider, Latrodectus mactans, the female of which devours its mate 黑寡妇(一种毒蜘蛛)

bladder /ˈblædə/ n.  1  a  any of various membranous sacs in some animals, containing urine (urinary bladder), bile (gall bladder), or air (swim-bladder) 囊(动物体内容纳液体或气体的膜质袋状物，包括膀胱、胆囊或鳔)b  this or part of it or a similar object prepared for various uses 囊状物 2  an inflated pericarp or vesicle in various plants 膨胀的囊果皮；气囊 3  anything inflated and hollow 气泡 [Old English blœˉdre, from Germanic]

bladderwort /ˈblædəwɜ:t/ n.  an aquatic plant of the genus Utricularia, with leaves having small bladders for trapping and digesting insects 狸藻(一种水生植物，具小囊，能捕获和消化昆虫)

bladderwrack /ˈblædəræk/ n.  a common brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus, with fronds containing air bladders which give buoyancy 墨角藻；泡叶藻

blade /bleid/ n.  1  a  the flat part of a knife, chisel, etc., that forms the cutting edge (刀、凿等的)刀身，刀片b  = RAZOR BLADE  2  the flattened functional part of an oar, spade, propeller, bat, skate, etc. 桨叶；铲口；推进器翼(球拍边、冰鞋刀刃等) 3  a  the flat, narrow, usu. pointed leaf of grass and cereals (通常尖的)草片，叶片b  the whole of such plants before the ear is formed 抽穗前的整个幼株  in the blade  尚未结穗c Bot.  the broad thin part of a leaf apart from the petiole 【植】叶片 4 (in full 全称 blade-bone)  a flat bone, e.g. in the shoulder 扁骨(尤指肩胛骨) 5 Archaeol.  a long narrow flake (see 见 FLAKE1 3) 【考古】石刀 6 poet.  a sword [诗]剑 7 colloq. (usu. archaic [通常古义])  a carefree young fellow [口]浪荡少年，花花公子 □ bladed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English blœd, from Germanic]

blaeberry /ˈbleib(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  = BILBERRY  [Middle English from blae (Scots and northern English dialect, via Middle English blo from Old Norse blɑˊr, from Germanic: see BLUE1) + BERRY]

blag /blæɡ/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  robbery, esp. with violence; theft (尤指以暴力)抢劫，偷盗 ●v. tr. & intr. (blagged, blagging)  rob (esp. with violence); steal (尤指用暴力)抢劫，偷盗 □ blagger  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

blague /blɑ:ɡ, 法 blaɡ/ n.  humbug, claptrap 欺骗，诡计 [French]

blagueur /blɑ:ˈɡɜ:, 法 blaɡœr/ n.  a pretentious talker 夸夸其谈的人 [French]

blah /blɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 blah-blah) colloq.  pretentious nonsense [口]废话 [imitative]

blain /blein/ n.  an inflamed swelling or sore on the skin 疱，水疱 [Old English blegen, from West Germanic]

blakey /ˈbleiki/ n. (also 亦作 Blakey) (pl. -eys) Brit.  a metal cap on the heel or toe of a shoe or boot [英]铁鞋后跟(头) [Blakey, name of the manufacturer]

blame /bleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  assign fault or responsibility to 责备，谴责 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  assign the responsibility for (an error or wrong) to a person etc. 把(错误、过失)归咎于(某人等)，推诿  blamed his death on a poor diet  把他的死归咎于饮食不好 ●n.  1  responsibility for a bad result; culpability (过失的)责任，罪责  shared the blame equally  均摊责任 put the blame on the bad weather  归咎于天气不好 2  the act of blaming or attributing responsibility; censure 责备，责怪  she got all the blame  她承担一切责任 □ be to blame  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be responsible; deserve censure 对…应负责，该受责备  she is not to blame for the accident  她不应对这起事故负责□ have only oneself to blame   be solely responsible (for something one suffers) (对遭受的事情)全怪自己□ I don't blame you   etc. I think your etc. action was justifiable 我不怪你(们等)□ blameable  adj. (US also [美]亦作 blamable)   [Middle English via Old French bla(s)mer (v.), blame (n.) and popular Latin blastemare from ecclesiastical Latin blasphemare ‘reproach, revile, blaspheme’, from Greek blasphēmeō ‘blaspheme’]

blameful /ˈbleimfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  deserving blame; guilty 该受责备的，有过错的 □ blamefully  adv.  

blameless /ˈbleimlis/ adj.  innocent; free from blame 无过错的，无可责难的 □ blamelessly  adv.  □ blamelessness  n.  

blameworthy /ˈbleimwɜ:ði/ adj.  deserving blame 该受责备的 □ blameworthiness  n.  

blanch /blɑ:n(t)ʃ/ v.  1 tr.  make white or pale by extracting colour 使变白，漂白 2 intr. & tr.  grow or make pale from shock, fear, etc. (因震惊、恐惧等) (使)脸色苍白 3 tr.  a  peel (almonds etc.) by scalding 用沸水去(杏仁等的)皮b  immerse (vegetables or meat) briefly in boiling water 用沸水速浸(蔬菜或肉) 4 tr.  whiten (a plant) by depriving it of light 使(植物)不见阳光而变白 □ blanch over   give a deceptively good impression of (a fault etc.) by misrepresentation 掩饰，美化(缺点等) [Middle English from Old French blanchir, from blanc ‘white, BLANK’]

blancmange /bləˈmɒnʒ, -ˈmɑ:nʒ/ n.  a sweet opaque gelatinous dessert made with flavoured cornflour and milk 牛奶冻(一种甜点) [Middle English from Old French blancmanger, from blanc ‘white, BLANK’ + manger ‘eat’, from Latin manducare MANDUCATE]

blanco /ˈblæŋkəʊ/ n. & v. Brit. Mil. [英]【军】  ●n.  1  a white substance for whitening belts etc. 布兰科擦白剂(用来刷白腰带等) 2  a similar coloured substance for colouring equipment etc. (用来刷白军事设备等的)类似擦白物质 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  treat with blanco 用擦白剂擦 [French blanc ‘white, BLANK’]

bland /blænd/ adj.  1  a  mild, not irritating 温和的，不发脾气的b  tasteless, unstimulating, insipid 乏味的，无刺激性的，淡而无味的 2  gentle in manner; suave 温柔的，和蔼的 □ blandly  adv.  □ blandness  n.   [Latin blandus ‘soft, smooth’]

blandish /ˈblændiʃ/ v. tr.  flatter; coax, cajole 奉承，哄骗，勾引 [Middle English via Old French blandir (see -ISH2) from Latin blandiri from blandus ‘soft, smooth’]

blandishment /ˈblændiʃm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  flattery; cajolery 阿谀奉承；勾引

blank /blæŋk/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of paper) not written or printed on (纸张)没写字的，空白的b (of a document) with spaces left for a signature or details (文件)需要签名(或填写)处的 2  a  not filled; empty 空着的；空的  a blank space  空白处，空地b  unrelieved; sheer; plain, undecorated 单调的，纯粹的，平淡的，无装饰的  a blank wall  一面毛坯墙 3  a  having or showing no interest or expression 没有兴趣的，没有表情的  a blank face  没有表情的脸b  void of incident or result 没出事故的，没有结果的c  puzzled, nonplussed 迷惑的，为难的d  having (temporarily) no knowledge or understanding (一时)不知道的，一时懵懂的  my mind went blank  我的大脑一片空白 4 (with neg. import 与否定意思连用)  complete, downright 完全的，断然的，彻底的  a blank refusal  断然拒绝 blank despair  彻底失望 5 euphem.  used in place of an adjective regarded as coarse or abusive [婉]用作辱骂的替代词 ●n.  1  a  a space left to be filled in a document 文件上待填的空白处b  a document having blank spaces to be filled 有空白处的文件 2 (in full 全称 blank cartridge)  a cartridge containing gunpowder but no bullet, used for training etc. (训练等用)空弹 3  an empty space or period of time 空地，空间；没事干的时间 4  a  a coin-disc before stamping 冲压图案前的硬币坯片b  a metal or wooden block before final shaping 坯件，毛坯 5  a  a dash written instead of a word or letter, esp. instead of an obscenity (尤指用于省略淫话的)破折号b euphem.  used in place of a noun regarded as coarse [婉] (替代粗俗语的)省略号 6  a domino with one or both halves blank 一边(或两边)空白的骨牌 7  a lottery ticket that gains no prize 没有中奖的彩票 8  the white centre of the target in archery etc. (射箭运动中)靶心的白点 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, out)  screen, obscure 遮盖，遮掩  clouds blanked out the sun  云遮住了太阳 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  cut (a metal blank) 切割(金属板) 3 N. Amer.  defeat without allowing to score [北美]使对方得零分 □ draw a blank   elicit no response; fail 没有回应，失败□ blankly  adv.  □ blankness  n.   [Middle English from Old French blanc ‘white’, ultimately from Germanic]

blank cheque n.  1  a cheque with the amount left for the payee to fill in 空白支票 2 colloq.  unlimited freedom of action (cf. 参见 CARTE BLANCHE) [口]自由处理权，便宜行事权

blanket /ˈblæŋkit/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a large piece of woollen or other material used esp. as a bed-covering or to wrap up a person or an animal for warmth (尤用作罩床或裹孩子用的)毯子，羊毛毯 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a thick mass or layer that covers something 一层覆盖层；似毯子的东西  blanket of fog  一层雾 blanket of silence  一片寂静 3 Printing  a rubber surface transferring an impression from a plate to paper etc. in offset printing 【印刷】(胶印机滚筒上将图形从板上转移到纸等上的)橡皮布 ●attrib. adj.  covering all cases or classes; inclusive 总括的，通用的，一揽子的  blanket condemnation  全面谴责 blanket agreement  一揽子协议 ●v. tr. (blanketed, blanketing)  1  cover with or as if with a blanket (用毯子或似用毯子)盖，覆盖  snow blanketed the land  白雪覆盖了大地 2  stifle; keep quiet 平息，抑制，使安静  blanketed all discussion  平息争论 3 Naut.  take wind from the sails of (another craft) by passing to windward 【海】抢(另一条船的)上风 □ born on the wrong side of the blanket   illegitimate 私生的 [Middle English, in the sense ‘undyed woollen cloth’, from Old French blancquet, blanchet, from blanc ‘white, BLANK’]

blanket bath n. Brit.  a body wash given to a bedridden patient [英]给卧床不起的病人洗澡

blanket bog n.  an extensive flat peat bog formed in cool regions of high rainfall or humidity 大片平地沼泽

blanket stitch n.  a stitch used to neaten the edges of a blanket or other material 毯子(或其他织物)锁边针迹

blankety /ˈblæŋkəti/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 blanky /ˈblæŋki/) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = BLANKadj. 5 

blank verse n.  unrhymed verse, esp. iambic pentameters 无韵诗(尤指抑扬格五音步诗)

blanky var.  of BLANKETY  BLANKETY 的变体

blanquette /blɒ˜ˈket/ n.  a dish consisting of white meat, e.g. veal, in a white sauce 白汁肉块(如拌白色调料的小牛肉) [French (as BLANKET)]

blare /blɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  sound or utter loudly 发出响亮声音；高声说话 2 intr.  make the sound of a trumpet (喇叭)发出嘟嘟声 ●n.  a loud sound resembling that of a trumpet 喇叭似的嘟嘟声 [Middle English from Middle Dutch blaren, bleren, imitative]

blarney /ˈblɑ:ni/ n. & v. ●n.  1  cajoling talk; flattery 奉承话，花言巧语 2  nonsense 废话 ●v. (-eys, -eyed)  1 tr.  flatter (a person) with blarney 奉承，哄骗(某人) 2 intr.  talk flatteringly 奉承 [Blarney, an Irish castle near Cork with a stone said to confer a cajoling tongue on whoever kisses it]

blaspheme /blæsˈfi:m/ v.  1 intr.  use religious names, or treat a religious or sacred subject, irreverently 亵渎，不敬 2 tr.  talk irreverently about; use blasphemy against 辱骂；咒骂 □ blasphemer  n.   [Middle English via Old French blasfemer and ecclesiastical Latin blasphemare ‘reproach, revile, blaspheme’, from Greek blasphēmeō: cf. BLAME]

blasphemy /ˈblæsfəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  irreverent talk or treatment of a religious or sacred thing 亵渎，不敬 2  an instance of this 亵渎神明的言行 □ blasphemous  adj.  □ blasphemously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French blasfemie and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek blasphēmia ‘slander, blasphemy’]

blast /blɑ:st/ n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a strong gust of air 一阵(疾风)，一股(强劲的气流) 2  a  a destructive wave of highly compressed air spreading outwards from an explosion 爆炸气浪，冲击浪b  such an explosion 爆炸，爆破 3  the single loud note of a wind instrument, car horn, whistle, etc. (管乐器等的)吹奏声，(汽车喇叭、汽笛等的)吼鸣(声) 4 colloq.  a severe reprimand [口]严厉的申斥，谴责 5  a strong current of air used in smelting etc. (用于冶炼等中的)鼓风，送风；喷气流 ●v.  1 tr.  blow up (rocks etc.) with explosives (用炸药)炸，炸掉(石头等) 2 tr.  a  wither, shrivel, or blight (a plant, animal, limb, etc.) 使(动、植物、肢体等)枯萎；皱缩；摧毁  blasted oak  枯萎的橡树b  destroy, ruin 破坏，毁坏  blasted her hopes  使她的希望破灭c  strike with divine anger; curse 诅咒，咒骂 3 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a loud or explosive noise 吼鸣，(使)发出响而粗糙的声音  blasted away on his trumpet  拼命吹他的小号 4 tr. colloq.  reprimand severely [口]严厉批评，谴责，痛斥 5 colloq. [口]  a tr.  shoot; shoot at 射中；向…射击b intr.  shoot 开枪，开炮，轰击 ●int. Brit.  expressing annoyance [英] (表示厌烦)该死 □ at full blast  colloq.  working at maximum speed etc. [口]大力地，全速地□ blast from the past   a forcefully nostalgic event or thing 引起强烈怀旧情绪的事件(或东西)□ blast off  (of a rocket etc.) take off from a launching site (火箭等)发射上天，升空 [Old English blœˉst, from Germanic]

-blast /blæst/ comb. form Biol. [构词成分]【生】  1  an embryonic cell (erythroblast 成红细胞) (cf. 参见 -CYTE) 胚细胞，母细胞 2  a germ layer of an embryo (epiblast 外胚层) 表示“胚胎”，“胚层” [Greek blastos ‘sprout’]

blasted /ˈblɑ:stid/ adj. & adv. ●attrib. adj.  damned; annoying 该死的，讨厌的  that blasted dog!  那条该死的狗！ ●adv. Brit. colloq.  damned; extremely [英口]非常；极端  it's blasted cold  天气非常冷

blaster /ˈblɑ:stə/ n.  1  in senses of BLAST v. 用于 blast (动词)的各释义 2 Brit.  a heavy lofted golf club for playing from a bunker [英] (阔面圆底的)高尔夫球棍

blast freezing n.  the freezing of foodstuffs etc. by means of a rapid current of chilled air (食物等)冷气流速冻 □ blast freeze  v. tr.  

blast furnace n.  a smelting furnace into which compressed hot air is driven 高炉，鼓风炉

blast-hole n.  a hole containing an explosive charge for blasting (安放炸药的)爆破孔

blast-off n.  1  the launching of a rocket etc. (火箭等)发射上天，升空 2  the initial thrust for this 发射，发射所需的推动力

blastula /ˈblæstjʊlə/ n. (pl. blastulae /-li:/ or US [美] blastulas) Biol.  an animal embryo at an early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells 【生】囊胚 [modern Latin from Greek blastos ‘sprout’]

blasé /ˈblɑ:zei/ adj.  1  unimpressed or indifferent because of overfamiliarity (司空见惯而)无动于衷的，漠不关心的 2  tired of pleasure; surfeited 厌倦享乐的，厌世的 [French]

blatant /ˈbleit(ə)nt/ adj.  1  flagrant, unashamed 极明显的，露骨的；无耻的  blatant attempt to steal  公然试图盗窃 2  offensively noisy or obtrusive 喧闹至极的；显眼的 □ blatancy  n.  □ blatantly  adv.   [a word used by Spenser (1596), perhaps influenced by Scots blatand = bleating]

blather /ˈblæðə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 blether /ˈbleðə/) ●n.  foolish chatter 蠢话，废话 ●v. intr.  chatter foolishly 胡说 [Middle English blather, Scots blether, from Old Norse blathra ‘talk nonsense’ from blathr ‘nonsense’]

blatherskite /ˈblæðəskait/ n. (also 亦作 bletherskate /ˈbleðəskeit/)  1  a person who blathers 喋喋不休的人，废话连篇的人 2  = BLATHERn.  [BLATHER + skite, corruption of derog. use of SKATE2]

blaxploitation /blæksplɔiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) esp. US colloq.  the exploitation of black people, esp. with regard to stereotyped roles in films [尤美口]对黑人兴趣的利用(尤指用黑人演员拍摄电影以吸引黑人观众的做法)

blaze1 /bleiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bright flame or fire 火焰；烈火；火堆 2  a  a bright glaring light 光辉，闪耀  the sun set in a blaze of orange  太阳发出桔黄色的光芒b  a full light 强烈(或眩目)的光  a blaze of publicity  众所周知的事 3  a violent outburst (of passion etc.) (感情等的)迸发，爆发  a blaze of patriotic fervour  一腔爱国热情 4  a  a glow of colour 灿烂、鲜明的色彩  roses were a blaze of scarlet  玫瑰是鲜艳的猩红色b  a bright display 炫耀，炫示  a blaze of glory  一阵荣耀 ●v. intr.  1  burn with a bright flame 熊熊燃烧，着火 2  be brilliantly lit 灯火辉煌 3  be consumed with anger, excitement, etc. 迸发，激发(愤怒、兴奋等) 4  a  show bright colours 放光彩，闪耀  blazing with jewels  珠宝闪耀b  emit light 发光  stars blazing  星光灿烂 □ blaze away  (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  1  fire continuously with rifles etc. (用枪等)连续射击 2  work enthusiastically 使劲地干□ blaze up   1  burst into flame 燃烧起来 2  burst out in anger 发怒□ like blazes  slang [俚语]  1  with great energy 猛烈地，激烈地 2  very fast 极快地□ what the blazes!  slang  what the hell! [俚语] (究竟是)什么！(到底是)什么事！□ blazingly  adv.   [Old English blœse ‘torch’, from Germanic: ultimately related to BLAZE2]

blaze2 /bleiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a white mark on an animal's face (家畜)脸上的白斑 2  a mark made on a tree by slashing the bark esp. to mark a route (尤指指示道路的)树皮上的刻痕 ●v. tr.  mark (a tree or a path) by chipping bark (在树上或路上)刻痕以标明路线 □ blaze a trail   1  mark out a path or route 在树皮上刻路标 2  be the first to do, invent, or study something; pioneer 领先，开创，作开路先锋 [17th c.: ultimately from Germanic, related to BLAZE1 and probably to BLEMISH]

blaze3 /bleiz/ v. tr.  proclaim as with a trumpet 公开，(大声)宣布 □ blaze abroad   spread (news) about 把(消息)四下传开 [Middle English from Low German or Dutch blɑˉzen ‘blow’, from Germanic blœˉsan]

blazer /ˈbleizə/ n.  1  a coloured, often striped, summer jacket worn by schoolchildren, sportsmen, etc., esp. as part of a uniform (小学生、运动员等穿的、常为带条纹的)颜色鲜艳的上装 2  a man's plain jacket, often dark blue, not forming part of a suit (与裤子不配套，常为深蓝色的)男式便上装 [BLAZE1 + -ER1]

blazon /ˈbleiz(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  proclaim (esp. 尤指 blazon abroad 公之于众) 宣布，宣传 2 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  describe or paint (arms) 描述，绘制b  inscribe or paint (an object) with arms, names, etc. (用纹章、名字等)雕刻，铭刻(某物) ●n.  1 Heraldry  a correct description of armorial bearings etc. 【纹章学】(纹章图案等的)确切说明 2  a record or description, esp. of virtues etc. (尤指德行等的)记录，描述 □ blazonment  n.   [Middle English from Old French blason ‘shield’, of unknown origin; verb also from BLAZE3]

blazonry /ˈbleiz(ə)nri/ n. Heraldry 【纹章学】  1  a  the art of describing or painting heraldic devices or armorial bearings 描述(或绘制)纹章(图案)的艺术b  such devices or bearings 纹章(图案) 2  brightly coloured display 漂亮的装饰

bleach /bli:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  whiten by exposure to sunlight or by a chemical process 晒白，漂白 ●n.  1  a bleaching substance 漂白剂 2  the process of bleaching 漂白 [Old English blœˉcan, from Germanic]

bleacher /ˈbli:tʃə/ n.  1  a  a person who bleaches (esp. textiles) (尤指织物的)漂白工b  a vessel or chemical used in bleaching 漂白器；漂白剂 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. N. Amer.  a cheap bench seat at a sports ground, usu. in an outdoor uncovered stand [尤北美] (运动场的)廉价座位(通常在室外露天场地)

bleaching powder n.  calcium hypochlorite used esp. to remove colour from materials 漂白粉

bleak1 /bli:k/ adj.  1  bare, exposed; windswept 光秃秃的，无遮蔽的；受到风吹雨打的 2  unpromising; dreary 没有希望的；阴郁的；令人沮丧的  bleak prospects  前途暗淡 □ bleakly  adv.  □ bleakness  n.   [16th c.: related to obsolete adjs. bleach, blake (from Old Norse bleikr) ‘pale’, ultimately from Germanic: cf. BLEACH]

bleak2 /bli:k/ n.  any of various small river fishes, esp. Alburnus alburnus 欧白鱼(体形小的淡水鱼) [Middle English, probably via Old Norse bleikja, Old High German bleicha from Germanic]

blear /bliə/ adj. & v. archaic [古义] ●adj.  1 (of the eyes or the mind) dim, dull, filmy (眼睛)视线模糊的；(头脑)感觉迟钝的，朦胧的 2  indistinct 模糊不清的 ●v. tr.  make dim or obscure; blur 使模糊，使不清楚；使朦胧 [Middle English, of uncertain origin]

bleary /ˈbliəri/ adj. (blearier, bleariest)  1 (of the eyes) dim with sleep (眼睛)睡眼惺忪的 2  indistinct; blurred 轮廓不清的，朦胧的 □ blearily  adv.  □ bleariness  n.  

bleary-eyed adj.  1  having dim sight or wits 视线模糊的；目光短浅的 2  half awake 睡眼惺忪的

bleat /bli:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a sheep, goat, or calf) make a weak, wavering cry (羊、山羊或小牛)咩咩地叫 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  speak or say feebly, foolishly, or plaintively 无力(或愚蠢)地说；哭泣地说 ●n.  1  the sound made by a sheep, goat, etc. (羊、山羊等的)咩咩声 2  a weak, plaintive, or foolish cry 抱怨，诉苦；说废话 □ bleater  n.  □ bleatingly  adv.   [Old English blœˉtan (imitative)]

bleb /bleb/ n.  1 esp. Med.  a small blister on the skin (尤)【医】(皮肤上的)小疱 2  a small bubble in glass or on water (玻璃、水等中的)气泡 [variant of BLOB]

bleed /bli:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. bled /bled/)  1 intr.  emit blood 出血，流血 2 tr.  draw blood from surgically 从…取血；给…放血 3 colloq. [口]  a tr.  extort money from 勒索(或榨取)…的钱b intr.  part with money lavishly; suffer extortion 掏血本，出高价；被勒索 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  suffer wounds or violent death 受伤，战死  bled for the Revolution  为革命流血牺牲 5 intr.  a (of a plant) emit sap (植物)流出液汁b (of dye) come out in water (染料)渗开，渗色 6 tr.  a  allow (fluid or gas) to escape from a closed system through a valve etc. (通过阀门等)放掉(液体或气体)b  treat (such a system) in this way (以此法)抽干液体(或气体) 7 Printing 【印刷】  a intr. (of a printed area) be cut into when pages are trimmed (指印刷版面)被切成出血版b tr.  cut into the printed area of when trimming 切裁成出血版c tr.  extend (an illustration) to the cut edge of a page 把(插图)一直印到书页切口沿 ●n.  an act of bleeding (cf. 参见 NOSEBLEED) 流血，出血 □ one's heart bleeds  usu. iron.  one is very sorrowful [通常讽]某人非常悲伤 [Old English blēdan, from Germanic]

bleeder /ˈbli:də/ n.  1 Brit. coarse slang  a person (esp. as a term of contempt or disrespect) [英] [粗俗俚语] (尤作为轻蔑或不敬语)吸血鬼，寄生虫，食客，坏蛋  lucky bleeder  幸运儿 2 colloq.  a haemophiliac [口]血友病者

bleeding /ˈbli:diŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. coarse slang  expressing annoyance or antipathy [英] [粗俗俚语]该诅咒的，该死的  a bleeding nuisance  该死的家伙

bleeding heart n.  1 colloq.  a person considered to be dangerously soft-hearted [口]心肠过软的人 2  any of various plants, esp. Dicentra spectabilis which has heart-shaped crimson flowers hanging from an arched stem 荷包牡丹属植物(尤指日本荷包牡丹)

bleep /bli:p/ n. & v. ●n.  an intermittent high-pitched sound made electronically (电子仪器等发出的)短促的尖音信号，哔哔声，嘟嘟声 ●v.  1  a intr.  make such a sound, esp. as a signal 发出哔哔声，嘟嘟声(尤作为信号)b tr.  cause to make such a sound 使发出短促的尖音 2 tr. Brit.  summon with a bleeper [英]用寻呼机 (BP 机)召唤 [imitative]

bleeper /ˈbli:pə/ n. Brit.  a small portable electronic device which emits bleeps when the wearer is contacted [英]寻呼器， BP 机

blemish /ˈblemiʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a physical or moral defect; a stain; a flaw 污点；缺点；瑕疵  not a blemish on his character  不是他性格上的缺点 ●v. tr.  spoil the beauty or perfection of; stain 有损…的完美，玷污  spots blemished her complexion  粉刺破坏了她肤色的完美 [Middle English from Old French ble(s)mir (-ISH2) ‘make pale’, probably of Germanic origin and related to BLAZE2]

blench /blen(t)ʃ/ v. intr.  flinch; quail 退缩，畏缩 [Middle English from Old English blencan, ultimately from Germanic]

blend /blend/ v. & n. ●v. (poet. [诗] past and past part. blent)  1 tr.  a  mix (esp. sorts of tea, spirits, tobacco, etc.) together to produce a desired flavour etc. (尤指把各种茶、酒、烟草等)混和(或掺和)在一起(使产生一种想要的风味等)b  produce by this method 使混和，使混杂  blended whisky  混成威士忌 2 intr.  form a harmonious compound; become one 协调，融为一体 3  a tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  mingle or be mingled 混在一起，混和，混杂，交融  truth blended with lies  真理与谎言掺杂在一起了 blends well with the locals  与当地人融成一体b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with)  mix thoroughly 使完全混合，使交融 4 intr. (esp. of colours 尤指颜色) : a  pass imperceptibly into each other 掺和b  go well together; harmonize 融合，调和 ●n.  1  a  a mixture, esp. of various sorts of tea, spirits, tobacco, fibres, etc. (尤指不同的茶、酒、烟草、纤维等的)混合品b  a combination (of different abstract or personal qualities) (各种抽象或个体特性的)结合(体)，混合(体)，联合(体) 2  a portmanteau word 混合词，缩合词 [Middle English probably from Old Norse blanda ‘mix’]

blende /blend/ n.  any naturally occurring metal sulphide, esp. zinc blende 天然存在的金属硫化物(尤指闪锌矿) [German from blenden ‘deceive’, so called because, while often resembling galena, it yielded no lead]

blender /ˈblendə/ n.  1  a mixing machine used in food preparation for liquidizing, chopping, or puréeing 榨汁机；切片机；搅拌机(用于食物配制) 2  a  a thing that blends 搅和物b  a person who blends 掺和者，搅拌者

Blenheim /ˈblenim/ n.  1  a small spaniel of a red and white breed 布莱尼姆獚犬(一种有红棕色斑点的白色小獚犬) 2  this breed 布莱尼姆獚犬种 [the Duke of Marlborough's seat at Woodstock in S. England, named after his victory at Blenheim in Bavaria (1704)]

Blenheim Orange n.  a golden-coloured apple which ripens late in the season 布莱尼姆苹果(一种金黄色晚熟苹果)

blenny /ˈbleni/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of a family of small spiny-finned marine fish, esp. of the genus Blennius, having scaleless skins 鳚鱼(无鳞) [Latin blennius from Greek blennos ‘mucus’, with reference to its mucous coating]

blent /blent/ poet. [诗] past and past part.  of BLEND 

blepharitis /blefəˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of the eyelids 眼睑炎 [Greek blepharon ‘eyelid’ + -ITIS]

blepharo- /ˈblef(ə)rəʊ/ comb. form  of or relating to the eyelids [构词成分]眼睑的；与眼睑有关的 [Greek blepharon ‘eyelid’]

blesbok /ˈblesbɒk/ n. (also 亦作 blesbuck /-bʌk/)  a subspecies of bontebok, native to southern Africa, having small lyre-shaped horns (一种产于南非、两角似古里拉琴的)大羚羊 [Afrikaans, from bles BLAZE2 (from the white mark on its forehead) + bok ‘goat’]

bless /bles/ v. tr. (past and past part. blessed, poet. [诗] blest /blest/)  1 (of a priest etc.) pronounce words, esp. in a religious rite, to confer or invoke divine favour upon; ask God to look favourably on (尤指牧师、神父等在宗教仪式上祝福)使神圣；为…祈神赐福，为…祈神保佑  bless this house  愿上帝保佑这所房屋 2  a  consecrate (esp. bread and wine) 把(尤指面包和酒)祝作圣物b  sanctify by the sign of the cross (划十字)使圣洁 3  call (God) holy; adore 赞美(上帝)，对(上帝)感恩 4  attribute one's good fortune to (an auspicious time, one's fate, etc.); thank 把好运归于(吉时、运气等)  bless the day I met her  幸亏是那天我遇到了她 bless my stars  我真走运呀 5 (usu. in passive; often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make happy or successful 使幸福；使昌盛  blessed with children  有孩子真福气 they were truly blessed  他们真是幸运 6 euphem.  curse; damn [婉]谴责，咒骂，诅咒  bless the boy!  这孩子该死！ □ (God) bless me (or my soul)   an exclamation of surprise, pleasure, indignation, etc. 哎呀，我的天哪(表示惊讶、快乐、愤慨等)□ (God) bless you!   1  an exclamation of endearment, gratitude, etc. (表示爱抚、感激等)愿上帝保佑你(你们)；请多保重 2  an exclamation made to a person who has just sneezed 长命百岁(在别人打喷嚏时说)□ I'm (or well, I'm) blessed (or blest)   an exclamation of surprise etc. 哎呀，我的天哪(表示惊讶)□ not have a penny to bless oneself with   be impoverished 贫无立锥之地，一文不名 [Old English blœˉdsian, blēdsian, blētsian, from blōd ‘blood’ (hence ‘mark with blood, consecrate’): meaning influenced by its use at the conversion of the English to translate Latin benedicare ‘praise’]

blessed /ˈblesid, blest/ adj. (also poet. [亦诗] blest /blest/)  1  a  consecrated 祭神用的，献神的  Blessed Sacrament  圣餐礼b  revered 神圣的，受尊敬的 2 /blest/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) often iron. [常讽]  fortunate (in the possession of) (因拥有…而)幸运的，幸福的  blessed with good health  有幸身体健康 blessed with children  有孩子真福气 3 euphem.  cursed; damned [婉]该诅咒的，该死的  blessed nuisance!  该死的讨厌鬼！ 4  a  in paradise 享受天国之福的b RC Ch.  a title given to a dead person, esp. one formally beatified, as an acknowledgement of his or her holy life 【天主教】(尤指正式行过宣福礼的人)被教会宣布死后已升天的 5  bringing happiness; blissful 给人愉快(或满足)的；使人有福的  blessed ignorance  难得糊涂 □ blessedly  adv.  

blessedness /ˈblesidnis/ n.  1  happiness 幸福 2  the enjoyment of divine favour 天恩 □ single blessedness  joc.  the state of being unmarried (perversion of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream I. i. 78) [诙]独身之福，未婚(莎士比亚《仲夏夜之梦》 I. i. 78 的误用)

blessing /ˈblesiŋ/ n.  1  the act of declaring, seeking, or bestowing (esp. divine) favour 祝福；上帝的赐福，神赐(尤指牧师、神父的神恩)  sought God's blessing  上帝祈神赐福 mother gave them her blessing  母亲给他们祝福 2  grace said before or after a meal (饭前或饭后的)祷告 3  a gift of God, nature, etc.; a thing one is glad of (上帝、大自然等的)恩惠；幸事，喜事  what a blessing he brought it!  他把它带来了，真是件幸事啊 ！ □ blessing in disguise   an apparent misfortune that eventually has good results 祸中得福(相当于汉语中的“塞翁失马，焉知非福”)

blest poet. var.  of BLESSED [诗] BLESSED 的变体

blether Brit. var.  of BLATHER [英] BLATHER 的变体

bletherskate var.  of BLATHERSKITE  BLATHERSKITE 的变体

blew past  of BLOW1 , BLOW3 

blewits /ˈblu:its/ n.  any fungus of the genus Tricholoma, with edible lilac-stemmed mushrooms 青紫色食用伞菌 [probably from BLUE1]

blight /blait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a plant disease caused by mildews, rusts, smuts, fungi, or insects (植物由霉菌、锈菌、黑穗病、真菌或害虫等引起的)枯萎病 2  an insect or parasite causing such a disease 导致枯萎病的害虫(或寄生菌) 3  any obscure force which is harmful or destructive 有害因素；毁灭性因素 4  an unsightly or neglected urban area (都市中)荒凉破旧的区域 ●v. tr.  1  affect with blight 使染上枯萎病，使枯萎 2  harm, destroy 破坏，摧残，折磨 3  spoil 损坏 [17th c.: origin unknown]

blighter /ˈblaitə/ n. Brit. colloq.  a person (esp. as a term of contempt or disparagement) [英口]可耻(或讨厌)的人(尤作为轻蔑、诋毁词语) [BLIGHT + -ER1]

Blighty /ˈblaiti/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] (used originally by soldiers during the First World War 第一次世界大战期间最初由士兵们使用)  1  Britain or England; home 英国本土；老家 2  a wound securing return home 可以被送回英国老家医治的伤 [Anglo-Indian corruption of Urdu bilɑˉyatī, wilɑˉyatī ‘foreign, European’]

blimey /ˈblaimi/ int. (also 亦作 cor blimey /kɔ:/) Brit. coarse slang  an expression of surprise, excitement, alarm, etc. [英] [粗俗俚语]哎呀，天哪(表示惊讶、兴奋、惊慌等！) [corruption of (God) blind me!]

blimp /blimp/ n.  1 (also 亦作 (Colonel) Blimp) Brit.  a proponent of reactionary Establishment opinions [英] (国教观点的)极端保守分子 2  a  a small non-rigid airship 软式飞艇b  a barrage balloon 阻塞气球 3  a soundproof cover for a cine-camera (电影摄影机的)隔音装置 □ blimpish  adj.   [20th. c., of uncertain origin: in sense 1, a pompous, obese, elderly character invented by cartoonist David Low (d. 1963), and used in anti-German or anti-Government drawings before and during the Second World War]

blind /blaind/ adj., v., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  lacking the power of sight 瞎的，盲的，失明的 2  a  without foresight, discernment, intellectual perception, or adequate information 无远见的，缺乏洞察力的，无知的，盲目的  blind effort  盲目努力b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unwilling or unable to appreciate (a factor, circumstance, etc.) (对因素、情况等)不(不能)了解的  blind to argument  无视论据 3  not governed by purpose or reason 无目的的；不合理的，不讲理的  blind forces  难以驾御的力量 4  reckless 鲁莽的，轻率的  blind hitting  狂轰滥炸 5  a  concealed 隐蔽的，难以看见(或识别)的  blind ditch  暗沟b (of a door, window, etc.) walled up (门、窗等)不开孔的，堵死的，堵塞的c  closed at one end 一端不通的 6 Aeron. (of flying) without direct observation, using instruments only 【空】(飞行)单凭仪表操纵的 7 slang  drunk [俚语]醉的 ●v.  1 tr.  deprive of sight, permanently or temporarily 使瞎，使失明，使看不见  blinded by tears  被眼泪遮蔽了视线 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  rob of judgement; deceive 使失去判断力；欺骗  blinded them to the danger  使他们看不清危险 3 intr. Brit. slang  go very fast and dangerously, esp. in a motor vehicle [英] [俚语]盲目(或鲁莽)地驾驶；飞快地驾驶(尤指汽车) ●n.  1  a  a screen for a window, esp. on a roller, or with slats 遮帘，窗帘(尤指卷帘、百叶窗)  roller blind  卷帘 Venetian blind  软百叶帘b Brit.  an awning over a shop window [英]橱窗前的遮阳篷 2  a  something designed or used to hide the truth; a pretext 挡箭牌，借口b Brit.  a legitimate business concealing a criminal enterprise [英]掩护  he's a spy, and his job is just a blind  他是一名间谍，他的工作只是一种掩护 3  any obstruction to sight or light 障眼物；遮光物 4 Brit. slang  a heavy drinking bout [英] [俚语]闹饮，闹酒 5 Cards  a stake put up by a poker player before the cards dealt are seen 【牌戏】未见牌而先下的赌注 6 US [美]  = HIDE1n.  ●adv.  blindly 盲目地  fly blind  瞎飞 □ bake blind   bake (a flan case etc.) without a filling 没有加馅先行烘烤(果酱馅饼等)□ blind as a bat   completely blind 近乎全盲□ blind to   incapable of appreciating 不会估价(鉴别)的□ blind with science  Brit.  overawe with a display of (often spurious) knowledge [英]以炫耀(常以虚假的)专门知识吓倒□ go it blind   act recklessly or without proper consideration 盲目行事，瞎来，乱干□ not a blind bit of (or not a blind)  Brit. slang  not the slightest; not a single [英] [俚语]一点儿(…)也没有  took not a blind bit of notice  一点儿也不注意 not a blind word out of him  从他那儿一个字也得不到□ turn a (or one's) blind eye to   pretend not to notice (对…)熟视无睹，(对…)装作看不见□ blindly  adv.  □ blindness  n.   [Old English, from Germanic]

blind alley n.  1  a cul-de-sac 死胡同 2  a course of action leading nowhere 绝境，绝路，僵局

blind coal n.  coal burning without a flame 无烟煤

blind corner n.  a corner round which a motorist etc. cannot see (开车的人等看不见的)死角

blind date n.  1  a social engagement between a man and a woman who have not previously met (由第三方安排的)男女间的初次会晤 2  either of the couple on a blind date (初次会晤的)男方(或女方)

blind drunk adj. colloq.  extremely drunk [口]酩酊大醉

blinder /ˈblaində/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  an excellent performance in a game, race, etc. [英] (运动、比赛等中)令人眼花缭乱的表现，出色的表演 2 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer.  blinkers [北美] (马的)眼罩

blindfold /ˈblain(d)fəʊld/ v., n., adj. & adv. ●v. tr.  1  deprive (a person) of sight by covering the eyes, esp. with a tied cloth (尤指用布)挡住(某人)的视线，蒙住(某人)的眼睛 2  deprive of understanding; hoodwink 使不理解，使迟钝；蒙骗 ●n.  1  a bandage or cloth used to blindfold 蒙眼的绷带(或布等) 2  any obstruction to understanding 障眼物；蒙蔽人的事物 ●adj. & adv.  1 (also 亦作 blindfolded)  with eyes bandaged 被蒙住眼睛的(地)，盲目的(地) 2 (also 亦作 blindfolded)  without care or circumspection 不谨慎的(地)，鲁莽的(地)，轻率的(地)  went into it blindfold  盲目从事 3 Chess  without sight of board and men 【棋类】不看棋盘和对手下棋(的)，下盲棋(的) [replacing (by association with FOLD1) Middle English blindfellen, past part. blindfelled, from Old English geblindfellian ‘strike blind’ (as BLIND, FELL1)]

blind gut n.  the caecum 盲肠

blind hookey n.  a gambling guessing game at cards 猜赌

blinding /ˈblaindiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the process of covering a newly made road etc. with grit to fill cracks (新筑的路等)用细沙石填缝 2  such grit (铺路用的)细沙石 ●adj.  1  causing blindness; very bright 使盲的，使人看不见的；眩目的  a blinding light  眩目的光 2  robbing one of judgement; disconcerting; brilliant 使不能理解的；令人不知所措的；使眼花缭乱的  blinding surprise  瞠目结舌 blinding performance  令人眼花缭乱的演出 □ blindingly  adv.  

blind man's buff n. esp. Brit.  a game in which a blindfold player tries to catch others while being pushed about by them [尤英]捉迷藏 [buff ‘a blow’: see BUFFET2]

blind side n.  a direction in which one cannot see the approach of danger etc. (对危险等)未加防备的一面，薄弱环节

blind spot n.  1 Anat.  the point of entry of the optic nerve on the retina, insensitive to light 【解】(视网膜上无光感的)盲点 2  an area in which a person lacks understanding or impartiality 无知的科目(或领域) 3  a point of unusually weak radio reception (无线电)静区

blind stamping n. (also 亦作 blind tooling)  embossing a book cover without the use of colour or gold leaf (书籍封面)不用烫金(或彩色)图案压印

blind stitch n. & v. ●n.  sewing visible on one side only (缝纫中只有一面可见的)暗针 ●v. tr. & intr. (blind-stitch)  sew with this stitch 用暗针缝

blind trust n.  a trust independently administering the private business interests of a person in public office to prevent conflict of interest (对受信托人的)全权信托

blindworm /ˈblaindwɜ:m/ n.  = SLOW-WORM 

blink /bliŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  shut and open the eyes quickly and usu. involuntarily (通常不由自主地)眨眼 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  look with eyes opening and shutting 睁眼闭眼 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 back)  prevent (tears) by blinking 眨眼忍住(眼泪)；眨眼挤掉(眼泪)b (often foll. by 常后跟 away, from)  clear (dust etc.) from the eyes by blinking 眨眼从眼里清除(灰尘等) 4 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 at) intr.  shirk consideration of; ignore; condone 躲避；视而不看；漠视 5 intr.  a  shine with an unsteady or intermittent light 闪烁b  cast a momentary gleam 闪亮 6 tr.  blink with (eyes) 眨(眼睛) ●n.  1  an act of blinking 眨眼 2  a momentary gleam or glimpse 闪亮，闪烁 3  = ICEBLINK  □ on the blink  slang  out of order, esp. intermittently [俚语] (尤指时有时无)不灵，出故障 [partly variant of blenk = BLENCH, partly from Middle Dutch blinken ‘shine’]

blinker /ˈbliŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  either of a pair of screens attached to a horse's bridle to prevent it from seeing sideways 马眼罩 2  a device that blinks, esp. a vehicle's indicator 闪光交通灯(尤指车辆的闪光信号灯) ●v. tr.  1  obscure with blinkers 蒙上眼罩 2 (as 作 blinkered adj.)  having narrow and prejudiced views 心胸狭窄的，有偏见的

blinking /ˈbliŋkiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  an intensive, esp. expressing disapproval [英] [俚语]该死的，讨厌的，十足的(一种加强语，尤指表示不赞成)  a blinking idiot  一个十足的白痴，一个大傻蛋 a blinking awful time  一段心惊肉跳的时光 [BLINK + -ING2 (euphemism for BLOODY)]

blip /blip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a minor deviation or error 小的偏差(或错误) 2  a quick popping sound, as of dripping water or an electronic device 哗哗声，短促而尖锐的声音 3  a small image of an object on a radar screen (雷达屏幕上显示目的物的)光点 ●v. (blipped, blipping)  1 intr.  make a blip 出现光点，发出哗哗声 2 tr.  strike or press briskly 轻打，轻拍  blip the throttle  轻拍节流阀 [imitative]

bliss /blis/ n.  1  a  perfect joy or happiness 极乐，洪福b  enjoyment; gladness 享乐，喜悦 2  a  being in heaven 在天堂b  a state of blessedness 天赐之福，福气 [Old English blīths, bliss from the Germanic base of BLITHE: sense influenced by BLESS]

blissful /ˈblisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  perfectly happy; joyful 极幸福的，极快乐的 □ blissful ignorance   fortunate unawareness of something unpleasant 幸而不知某不快事□ blissfully  adv.  □ blissfulness  n.  

blister /ˈblistə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, etc. (因磨擦、烧伤等在皮肤上起的)小水泡 2  a similar swelling on any other surface (植物的)疱病；(金属的)泡疤，沙眼；(漆器、玻璃等的)气泡 3 Med.  anything applied to raise a blister 【医】起疱剂，发疱药 4 Brit. slang  an annoying person [英] [俚语]令人讨厌的人 ●v.  1 tr.  raise a blister on 使起水泡(或气泡) 2 intr.  come up in a blister or blisters 起水泡(或气泡) 3 tr.  attack sharply 猛烈抨击；痛打  blistered them with his criticisms (他) 对他们进行了尖锐批评 [Middle English, perhaps from Old French blestre, blo(u)stre ‘swelling, pimple’]

blister copper n.  partly purified copper with a blistered surface formed during smelting 泡铜，粗铜

blister gas n.  a poison gas causing blisters on the skin 使皮肤起疱的毒气

blister pack n.  a bubble pack (包装或展示商品的)透明塑料罩

blithe /blaið/ adj.  1 poet.  gay, joyous [诗]欢乐的，愉快的 2  careless, casual 无忧无虑的，漫不经心的  with blithe indifference  漫不经心地 □ blithely  adv.  □ blitheness  n.  □ blithesome  /-s(ə)m/ adj.   [Old English blīthe, from Germanic]

blithering /ˈblið(ə)riŋ/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  senselessly talkative 胡说八道的，唠唠叨叨的 2 (作 attrib.)  hopeless; contemptible (esp. in 尤用于 blithering idiot 十足的傻瓜) 绝望的；可鄙的 [blither, variant of BLATHER + -ING2]

B.Litt. abbr.  Bachelor of Letters [缩略]文学学士 [Latin Baccalaureus Litterarum]

blitz /blits/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a  an intensive or sudden (esp. aerial) attack 闪电战，闪击战(尤指猛烈的空袭)b  an energetic intensive attack, usu. on a specific task (通常对某一具体任务进行的)突击，闪电式行动  must have a blitz on this room  对这间屋必须进行突击清扫 2 (作 the Blitz)  the German air raids on London in 1940 1940 年纳粹德国对伦敦的空袭 ●v. tr.  attack, damage, or destroy by a blitz (用闪电战)攻击，摧毁，破坏 [abbreviation of BLITZKRIEG]

blitzkrieg /ˈblitskri:ɡ/ n.  an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory 闪电战，闪击战 [German, = lightning war]

blizzard /ˈblizəd/ n.  a severe snowstorm with high winds 猛烈的暴风雪 [US ‘violent blow’ (1829), ‘snowstorm’ (1876), perhaps imitative]

bloat /bləʊt/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  inflate, swell (使)膨胀，(使)肿起，(使)臃肿  wind bloated the sheets  风把被单吹得鼓了起来 bloated with gas  因充气而膨胀 2 tr. (as 作 bloated adj.)  a  swollen, puffed 膨胀(的)，肿胀(的)b  puffed up with pride or excessive wealth 骄傲自大(的)；趾高气扬(的)  bloated plutocrat  趾高气扬的财阀 3 tr.  cure (a herring) by salting and smoking lightly 腌熏(鲱鱼) [obsolete bloat ‘swollen, soft and wet’, perhaps from Old Norse blautr ‘soaked, flabby’]

bloater /ˈbləʊtə/ n.  a herring cured by bloating 腌熏的鲱鱼

blob /blɒb/ n.  1  a small roundish mass; a drop of matter (粘稠的)一团，一滴 2  a drop of liquid 一滴液体 3  a spot of colour 一点，一抹(颜色) 4 Cricket slang  a score of 0 【板球】[俚语]零分 [imitative: cf. BLEB]

bloc /blɒk/ n.  a combination of parties, governments, groups, etc. sharing a common purpose (政党、政府、团体等为某种共同目的而结成的)集团 [French, = block]

block /blɒk/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a solid hewn or unhewn piece of hard material, esp. of rock, stone, or wood 大块(坚硬材料) (尤指大块岩石、石头、木材等)  block of ice  一大块冰 2  a flat-topped block used as a base for chopping, beheading, standing something on, hammering on, or for mounting a horse from 砧板，铁砧；垫头木(受刑人被砍头时垫的大木块)；骑马台 3  a esp. Brit.  a large building, esp. when subdivided [尤英] (划分为许多部分的)大厦，大楼  block of flats  公寓大楼b  a compact mass of buildings bounded by (usu. four) streets (通常 4 条街道间的)街区 4  an obstruction; anything preventing progress or normal working 障碍，阻碍；障碍物  a block in the pipe  管子内的堵塞物 5  a chock for stopping the motion of a wheel etc. (使轮子等停止转动的)塞块 6  a pulley or system of pulleys mounted in a case 滑轮，滑轮组 7 (in pl. 用复数)  any of a set of solid cubes etc., used as a child's toy (儿童玩的立方体等)积木 8 Printing  a piece of wood or metal engraved for printing on paper or fabric 【印刷】木制(或金属)印板 9  a head-shaped mould used for shaping hats or wigs (头型)帽楦，帽模 10 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋  knock his block off  给某人吃苦头，痛打某人 11 N. Amer. [北美]  a  the area between streets in a town or suburb (市区或市郊街道之间的)区域，街段b  the length of such an area, esp. as a measure of distance 1 个街段的距离(尤指作为距离单位)  lives three blocks away  住在与此地相隔 3 条街段的地方 12  a stolid, unimaginative, or hard-hearted person 木头人；笨蛋；无同情心的人 13  a large quantity or allocation of things treated as a unit, esp. shares, seats in a theatre, etc. 一组；一批；一片；一叠；一大宗(尤指股票、剧院中的座位等) 14 esp. Brit.  a set of sheets of paper used for writing, or esp. drawing, glued along one edge [尤英] (一边粘在一起尤供画画用的)活页本，拍纸簿 15 Cricket  a spot on which a batsman blocks the ball before the wicket, and rests the bat before playing 【板球】(挡击球前的)放球棒处 16 Athletics 【竞技】  = STARTING BLOCK  17 Amer. Football  a blocking action 【美式橄榄球】阻挡 18 Austral. [澳]  a  a tract of land offered to an individual settler by a government (政府分给定居者的)划区b  a large area of land 大片土地c  an urban or suburban building plot 市区(或郊区)的建筑用地皮 ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  obstruct (a passage etc.) 堵塞，阻塞(通道等)；遮挡  the road was blocked  道路堵塞了 you are blocking my view  你挡住了我的视线b  put obstacles in the way of (progress etc.) 阻碍，妨碍(前进等) 2  restrict the use or conversion of (currency or any other asset) 限制使用(或兑换) (货币或其他财产)，冻结 3  use a block for making (a hat, wig, etc.) (制帽、假发等时)用帽模使其成形 4  emboss or impress a design on (a book cover) (在书的封面上)印上浮雕图案 5 Cricket  stop (a ball) with a bat defensively 【板球】用球棒阻挡(球) 6 Amer. Football  impede the progress of (an opponent) with one's body 【美式橄榄球】(用身体)阻挡(对手) ●attrib. adj.  treating (many similar things) as one unit (许多相似之物)成批的，大量的  block booking  大批量预订 □ block in   1  sketch roughly; plan 画草图；订大纲 2  confine 限制□ block out   1  a  shut out (light, noise, etc.) 遮挡住(光线、噪声等)b  exclude from memory, as being too painful (把痛苦)从记忆里抹掉，忘掉 2  sketch roughly; plan 画出…的草图；订出…的大纲□ block up   1  confine; shut (a person etc.) in 阻碍，限制；把(人等)关在里面 2  infill (a window, doorway, etc.) with bricks etc. (用砖等把窗、门等)堵住，堵死□ on the block  N. Amer.  being auctioned [北美]在拍卖中□ put the blocks on   prevent from proceeding 阻止，阻挡□ blocker  n.   [Middle English via Old French bloc (n.), bloquer (v.) from Middle Dutch blok, of unknown origin]

blockade /blɒˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the surrounding or blocking of a place, esp. a port, by an enemy to prevent entry and exit of supplies etc. (敌方为阻止供应)封锁(尤指港口) 2  anything that prevents access or progress 障碍(物)，阻碍(物) 3 N. Amer.  an obstruction by snow etc. [北美] (由雪等造成的)道路堵塞 ●v. tr.  1  subject to a blockade 封锁 2  obstruct (a passage, a view, etc.) 堵塞(通道)，遮挡(视线等) □ run a blockade   enter or leave a blockaded port by evading the blockading force 偷越封锁线□ blockader  n.   [BLOCK + -ADE1, probably influenced by ambuscade]

blockade-runner n.  1  a vessel which runs or attempts to run into or out of a blockaded port 偷越封锁线的船只 2  the owner, master, or one of the crew of such a vessel 偷越封锁线的船主(船长或船员)

blockage /ˈblɒkidʒ/ n.  1  an obstruction 堵塞(物)，阻塞 2  a blocked state 封锁状态

block and tackle n.  a system of pulleys and ropes, esp. for lifting (尤指提升)滑轮组，滑车组

blockboard /ˈblɒkbɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a plywood board with a core of wooden strips [英]芯块胶合板，大芯板

blockbuster /ˈblɒkbʌstə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  something of great power or size, esp. an epic film or a best-selling book 了不起的事物(尤指重大题材的电影或畅销书) 2  a huge aerial bomb capable of destroying a whole block of buildings 巨型炸弹，重磅炸弹 □ blockbusting  adj.  

block capitals n. pl.  letters printed without serifs, or written with each letter separate and in capitals 印刷体大写字母

block diagram n.  a diagram showing the general arrangement of parts of an apparatus (展示设备部件总体布局的)方块图，框图

blockhead /ˈblɒkhed/ n.  a stupid person 愚蠢的人，傻瓜 □ blockheaded  adj.  

blockhouse /ˈblɒkhaʊs/ n.  1  a reinforced concrete shelter used as an observation point etc. (用作观察哨所的)雕堡 2 hist.  a one-storeyed timber building with loopholes, used as a fort [史义] (旧时用大段木料建造，开有枪眼的一层)木堡 3  a house made of squared logs 木屋

blockish /ˈblɒkiʃ/ adj.  1  resembling a block 木头似的 2  excessively dull; stupid, obtuse 愚蠢的，迟钝的，愚钝的 3  clumsy, rude, roughly hewn 笨重的，粗糙的，未经仔细加工的

block letters n. pl.  = BLOCK CAPITALS 

block mountain n. Geol.  a mountain formed by natural faults 【地质】断块山

blockship /ˈblɒkʃip/ n. Naut.  a ship used to block a channel 【海】阻塞船，封锁用船

block system n.  a system by which no railway train may enter a section that is not clear 闭塞系统

block tin n.  refined tin cast in ingots 锡块，锡锭

block vote n. (also 亦作 bloc vote)  a vote proportional in power to the number of people a delegate represents 集团投票(由代表按所代表人数投的一批票)

bloke /bləʊk/ n. Brit. colloq.  a man, a fellow [英口]人，家伙 [Shelta]

blond /blɒnd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of hair) light-coloured; fair (毛发)浅色的，金色的，亚麻色的 2 (of the complexion, esp. as an indication of race) light-coloured (肤色，尤指表明种族的肤色)浅色的，白皙的 ●n.  a person with fair hair and skin 白肤金发的人 □ blondish  adj.  □ blondness  n.   [Middle English via French from medieval Latin blondus, blundus ‘yellow’, perhaps of Germanic origin]

blonde /blɒnd/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a woman or a woman's hair) blond (女人或女人的头发)浅色的，金色的，白晳的 ●n.  a blond-haired woman 金发女子 [French fem. of blond; see BLOND]

blood /blʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a liquid, usually red and circulating in the arteries and veins of vertebrates, that carries oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body 血，血液 2  a corresponding fluid in invertebrates 生命液(无脊椎低等动物体内相当于血液的液体) 3  bloodshed, esp. killing 流血(尤指杀人) 4  passion, temperament 血气，热情，脾气，气质 5  race, descent, parentage 家族，血统，家世  of the same blood  属同一家族、同一血脉 6  family ties; relations 家族关系，家属，亲属  own flesh and blood  自己的亲骨肉 blood is thicker than water  血浓于水 7 esp. Brit. slang  a leader of fashion [尤英] [俚语]浪子，花花公子 ●v. tr.  1  give (a hound) a first taste of blood 使(猎狗)先尝猎物的血 2  initiate (a person) by experience 使(新手)取得初次经验 □ bad blood   ill feeling 恶感，仇恨□ blood-and-thunder  (作 attrib.) colloq.  sensational, melodramatic [口]刺激性的；耸人听闻的□ one's blood is up   one is in a fighting mood 某人已做好战斗准备□ first blood   1  the first shedding of blood, esp. in boxing (尤指在拳击中的)首先流血 2  the first point gained in a contest etc. (竞赛等中的)首次得分□ in one's blood   inherent in one's character 某人固有的性格(或品质)□ make one's blood boil   infuriate one 使某人怒火中烧□ make one's blood run cold   horrify one 使某人感到恐怖□ new (or fresh) blood   new members admitted to a group, esp. as an invigorating force 团体中的新成员，(尤指有活力的)新人□ of the blood   royal 皇家的，皇族的□ out for a person's blood   set on getting revenge 决心报复某人；决心要某人的命□ taste blood   be stimulated by an early success 因初次获胜而激动，尝到甜头□ young blood   1  a younger member or members of a group 一个团体的年轻成员 2  a rake or fashionable young man 放荡而时髦的年轻人，花花公子 [Old English blōd, from Germanic]

blood bank n.  a place where supplies of blood or plasma for transfusion are stored 血库

bloodbath /ˈblʌdbɑ:θ/ n.  a massacre 血洗，大屠杀

blood-borne adj.  carried by the blood 由血液输送的

blood brother n.  a brother by birth or by the ceremonial mingling of blood 亲兄弟；盟兄弟，把兄弟

blood cell n.  any of the kinds of cell normally circulating in the blood 血细胞，血球

blood count n.  1  the counting of the number of corpuscles in a specific volume of blood 血细胞计数，血球计数 2  the number itself 由血细胞计数得出的数字

blood-curdling adj.  horrifying 令人毛骨悚然的

blood donor n.  a person who gives blood for transfusion 献血者，供血者

blooded /ˈblʌdid/ adj.  1 (of horses etc.) of good pedigree (马等)良种的，纯种的 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having blood or a disposition of a specified kind 表示有…血的，有…血统的  cold-blooded  冷血的 red-blooded  充满活力的，健壮的

blood feud n.  a feud between families involving killing or injury (家族之间的)血仇，血亲复仇

blood fluke n.  a flatworm parasitic in the blood, esp. a schistosome 一种血液寄生虫(尤指血吸虫)

blood group n.  any of the various types of human blood whose antigen characteristics determine compatibility in transfusion 血型

blood-heat n.  the normal body temperature of a healthy human being, about 37°C or 98.4°F 人体(血液)的正常温度(约为摄氏 37 度，华氏 98.4 度)

blood horse n.  a thoroughbred horse 良种马，纯种马

bloodhound /ˈblʌdhaʊnd/ n.  1  a large hound of a breed used in tracking and having a very keen sense of smell 大猎犬，大警犬 2  this breed 大猎犬种、大警犬种

bloodless /ˈblʌdlis/ adj.  1  without blood 无血的 2  unemotional; cold 缺乏感情的，冷酷的 3  pale 苍白的 4  without bloodshed 不流血的，兵不血刃的  a bloodless coup  不流血的政变 5  feeble; lifeless 虚弱的，无生气的 □ bloodlessly  adv.  □ bloodlessness  n.  

bloodletting /ˈblʌdletiŋ/ n.  1  the surgical removal of some of a patient's blood 放血 2 often joc.  bloodshed [常诙]流血；杀戮

bloodline /ˈblʌdlain/ n.  descent, pedigree, esp. as transmitting characteristics in an animal 世系，血统；(尤指遗传的)动物种系

bloodlust /ˈblʌdlʌst/ n.  the desire for shedding blood 杀戮欲

blood money n.  1  money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed 赎罪金(杀人者或其家属付给被杀者近亲为免受报复的补偿金) 2  money paid to a hired murderer 付给受雇杀人者的酬金 3  money paid for information about a murder or murderer 付给有关谋杀(或谋杀者)情报提供者的奖金

blood orange n.  an orange with red or red-streaked pulp 血橙

blood poisoning n.  a diseased state caused by the presence of micro-organisms or their toxins in the blood 血中毒

blood pressure n.  the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls 血压

blood red n. & adj. ●n.  the bright red colour of blood 血红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 血红色的

blood relation n. (also 亦作 blood relative)  a relative by blood, not by marriage 有血缘关系的亲属，血亲

blood royal n.  the royal family 皇室

blood serum  see 见 SERUM 

bloodshed /ˈblʌdʃed/ n.  1  the spilling of blood 流血 2  slaughter 杀戮，屠杀

bloodshot /ˈblʌdʃɒt/ adj. (of an eyeball) inflamed, tinged with blood (眼球)充血的，布满血丝的

blood spavin n.  a soft swelling of a horse's hock due to distension of the main vein (马的)血跗节赘

blood sport n.  a sport involving the wounding or killing of animals, esp. hunting 流血运动(尤指猎杀动物的运动)

bloodstain /ˈblʌdstein/ n.  a discoloration caused by blood 血迹，血斑

bloodstained /ˈblʌdsteind/ adj.  1  stained with blood 沾染着血的，有血污的 2  guilty of bloodshed 犯杀人罪的，杀人流血的

bloodstock /ˈblʌdstɒk/ n.  thoroughbred horses 纯种马

bloodstone /ˈblʌdstəʊn/ n.  a type of green chalcedony spotted or streaked with red, often used as a gemstone (常用作宝石的)血滴石，鸡血石

bloodstream /ˈblʌdstri:m/ n.  the blood in circulation 血流，体内循环的血液

bloodsucker /ˈblʌdsʌkə/ n.  1  an animal or insect that sucks blood, esp. a leech 吸血动物(尤指水蛭) 2  an extortioner 吸血鬼，敲诈勒索者 □ bloodsucking  adj.  

blood sugar n.  the amount of glucose in the blood 血糖

blood test n.  a scientific examination of blood, esp. for diagnosis 验血(尤指用于诊断)

bloodthirsty /ˈblʌdθɜ:sti/ adj. (bloodthirstier, bloodthirstiest)  eager for bloodshed 嗜血的，残忍好杀的 □ bloodthirstily  adv.  □ bloodthirstiness  n.  

blood transfusion n.  the injection of a volume of blood, previously taken from a healthy person, into a patient 输血

blood vessel n.  a vein, artery, or capillary carrying blood 血管

bloodworm /ˈblʌdwɜ:m/ n.  1  a bright red aquatic larva of any of several non-biting midges 血虫(蠓的幼虫，体色鲜红) 2  = TUBIFEX 

blood-wort n.  any of various plants having red roots or leaves, esp. the red-veined dock 红根红叶植物(尤指血红酸模)

bloody /ˈblʌdi/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (bloodier, bloodiest)  1  a  of or like blood 血的；血一样的b  running or smeared with blood 流血的；血污的，染上血的  bloody bandage  血污的绷带 2  a  involving, loving, or resulting from bloodshed 血淋淋的，杀戮多的，伤亡惨重的  bloody battle  血战b  sanguinary; cruel 嗜血成性的，好杀戮的；残忍的  bloody butcher  残忍的屠夫 3 esp. Brit. coarse slang  expressing annoyance or antipathy, or as an intensive [尤英] [粗俗俚语]该死的，该受诅咒的(表示厌烦、厌恶或用以加强语气)  a bloody shame  奇耻大辱 a bloody sight better  好得多 not a bloody chocolate left  一块巧克力也没留下 4  red 血红的 ●adv. esp. Brit. coarse slang  as an intensive [尤英] [粗俗俚语]很，非常(用以加强语气)  a bloody good job  非常好的工作 I'll bloody thump him  我要狠狠揍他 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make bloody; stain with blood 使流血，使染上血污 □ bloodily  adv.  □ bloodiness  n.   [Old English blōdig (as BLOOD, -Y1)]

bloody hand n. Heraldry  the armorial device of a baronet 【纹章学】红血手(准男爵的纹章)

Bloody Mary n.  a drink composed of vodka and tomato juice 红玛丽混合酒(由伏特加酒加番茄汁调制而成的一种混合饮料)

bloody-minded adj. Brit. colloq.  deliberately uncooperative [英口]有意不合作的，故意作对的 □ bloody-mindedly  adv.  □ bloody-mindedness  n.  

bloody murder N. Amer. var.  of BLUE MURDER [北美] BLUE MURDER 的变体

bloom1 /blu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a flower, esp. one cultivated for its beauty 花(尤指供观赏的花)b  the state of flowering 开花，开花期  in bloom  开花 2  a state of perfection or loveliness; the prime 青春焕发；青春焕发时期，茂盛时期  in full bloom  花盛开；正在充分发挥中 3  a (of the complexion) a flush; a glow (肤色)红润；容光焕发b  a delicate powdery surface deposit on plums, grapes, leaves, etc., indicating freshness 粉衣，粉霜(新鲜李子、葡萄或树叶等表面所产生的一层粉霜)c  a cloudiness on a shiny surface (光滑表面上的)模糊不清，混浊 4 (in full 全称 algal bloom or water-bloom)  a rapid growth of microscopic algae in water, or a coloured scum formed by this (浮游生物等的)密集孳生 ●v.  1 intr.  bear flowers; be in flower 开花；开花期 2 intr.  a  come into, or remain in, full beauty 开始(或依然)艳丽，容光焕发b  flourish; be in a healthy, vigorous state 茂盛；处于青春焕发时期(或状态) 3 tr. Photog.  coat (a lens) so as to reduce reflection from its surface 【摄】给(透镜)镀膜 □ take the bloom off   make stale 弄得不再美观清新，使陈旧 [Middle English via Old Norse blóm, blómi ‘flower, blossom’, from the Germanic base of BLOSSOM]

bloom2 /blu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a mass of puddled iron hammered or squeezed into a thick bar 初轧方胚，熟铁胚，铁块，钢块 ●v. tr.  make into bloom 把…轧成胚块 [Old English blōma]

bloomer1 /ˈblu:mə/ n. Brit. slang  a blunder [英] [俚语]大错 [= BLOOMING error]

bloomer2 /ˈblu:mə/ n. Brit.  an oblong loaf with a rounded diagonally slashed top [英]长方形面包(顶部呈圆形，有对角线切口) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

bloomer3 /ˈblu:mə/ n.  1  a plant that blooms (in a specified way) (以特殊方式开花的)开花植物  early autumn bloomer  初秋开花的植物 2 N. Amer.  a person who develops or matures (in a specified way) [北美] (在一特殊领域)完全成熟的人  she's a late bloomer  她大器晚成

bloomers /ˈblu:məz/ n. pl.  1  women's loose-fitting almost knee-length knickers 长及膝部的女用短灯笼裤 2 colloq.  any women's knickers [口]女用灯笼裤 3 hist.  women's and girls' loose-fitting trousers, gathered at the knee or (originally) the ankle [史义]布卢默女裤(旧时女人穿的一种长及膝部(最初长及脚踝)的灯笼裤) [Mrs A. Bloomer, American social reformer (d. 1894), who advocated a similar garment]

bloomery /ˈblu:məri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a factory that makes puddled iron into blooms 熟铁吹炼炉

blooming /ˈblu:miŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  flourishing; healthy 茂盛的，青春健美的 2 Brit. slang  an intensive [英] [俚语]十足的(用以加强语气)  a blooming miracle  真是奇迹 ●adv. Brit. slang  an intensive [英] [俚语]十足(加强语气)  was blooming difficult  难得要命 [BLOOM1 + -ING2: euphemism for BLOODY]

Bloomsbury /ˈblu:mzb(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 Bloomsbury Group)  a group of writers, artists, and philosophers living in or associated with Bloomsbury in London in the early 20th c. 布卢姆斯伯里文化圈(指 20 世纪早期生活在伦敦布卢姆斯伯里的一批作家、艺术家、哲学家等) ●adj.  1  associated with or similar to the Bloomsbury Group (似)布卢姆斯伯里文化圈的 2  intellectual; highbrow 智力高的，有高度文化修养的

blooper /ˈblu:pə/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  an embarrassing error [尤北美口] (令人难堪的)错误，洋相 [imitative bloop + -ER1]

blossom /ˈblɒs(ə)m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flower or a mass of flowers, esp. of a fruit tree (尤指果树的)花，簇花，群花 2  the stage or time of flowering 开花；开花期  the cherry tree in blossom  花朵盛开的樱桃树 3  a promising stage 茂盛期，兴旺期  the blossom of youth  青春焕发时期 ●v. intr.  1  open into flower 开花 2  reach a promising stage; mature, thrive 成熟，兴旺，繁荣 □ blossomy  adj.   [Old English blōstm(a), from the Germanic base of BLOOM1]

blot /blɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spot or stain of ink etc. (墨水等的)墨污，污渍 2  a moral defect in an otherwise good character; a disgraceful act or quality (道德上的)污点；不光彩的行为(或品质) 3  any disfigurement or blemish 缺陷；瑕疵 4 Biochem.  a procedure in which proteins etc. separated on a gel are transferred directly to an immobilizing medium for identification 【生化】印迹法(在凝胶上分离的蛋白质等直接转移到固定介质上以进行确认的一种方法) ●v. (blotted, blotting)  1  a tr.  spot or stain with ink; smudge 使弄上墨水渍；弄脏，涂污b intr. (of a pen, ink, etc.) make blots (笔、墨水等)弄上墨水渍 2 tr.  a  use blotting paper or other absorbent material to absorb excess ink (用吸墨纸或其他有吸附力的材料)吸干，吸去，去除(过量的墨水)b (of blotting paper etc.) soak up (esp. ink) (吸墨纸等)吸收，吸干(尤指墨水) 3 tr.  disgrace 污损名誉，使蒙耻  blotted his reputation  污损他的名声 4 tr. Biochem.  transfer by means of a blot 【生化】用印迹法转移 □ blot one's copybook  Brit.  damage one's reputation [英]有损某人的名声□ blot on the escutcheon of   see 见 ESCUTCHEON □ blot out   1  a  obliterate (writing) 涂掉，抹掉(字迹)b  obscure (a view, sound, etc.) 把(景物、声音等)弄模糊 2  obliterate (from the memory) as too painful 抹去(记忆中痛苦的东西) 3  destroy 毁灭，杀掉 [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Icelandic blettr ‘spot, stain’]

blotch /blɒtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a discoloured or inflamed patch on the skin (皮肤上的)红斑，疹块 2  an irregular patch of ink or colour 大滴(或大片) (墨水或颜色的)污渍 ●v. tr.  cover with blotches 使沾上污渍，弄脏 □ blotchy  adj. (blotchier, blotchiest)   [17th c.: from obsolete plotch and BLOT]

blotter /ˈblɒtə/ n.  1  a sheet or sheets of blotting paper, usu. inserted into a frame (通常插入一个框架里的)吸墨纸 2 N. Amer.  a temporary recording-book, esp. a police charge sheet [北美]临时记录簿，记事簿(尤指警察所用罪犯犯罪记录单)

blotting paper n.  unglazed absorbent paper used for soaking up excess ink 吸墨纸

blotto /ˈblɒtəʊ/ adj. slang  very drunk, esp. unconscious from drinking [俚语]烂醉如泥的，大醉的(尤指已失去知觉) [20th c.: perhaps from BLOT]

blouse /ˈblaʊz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a woman's loose, usu. lightweight, upper garment, usu. buttoned and collared (通常轻薄，有扣、有领的)女用短上衣，女衬衫b  the upper part of a soldier's or airman's battledress 军装上衣 2  a workman's or peasant's loose linen or cotton garment, usu. belted at the waist (通常腰间系带的)工作衣，罩衫 ●v.  1 tr.  make (a bodice etc.) loose like a blouse 使(胸衣等)松垂 2 intr.  swell or hang loosely like a blouse 松垂 [French, of unknown origin]

blouson /ˈblu:zɒn/ n.  a short blouse-shaped jacket 腰部束松紧带的女衫(或短上衣) [French]

blow1 /bləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. (past blew /blu:/; past part. blown /bləʊn/)  1  a intr. (of the wind or air, or impersonally) move along; act as an air current (风、空气或非人格化的东西)吹，吹动  it was blowing hard  风刮得很紧b intr.  be driven by an air current 被吹动，流动  waste paper blew along the gutter  废纸被风吹得沿沟飘动c tr.  drive with an air current 随风吹动  blew the door open  把门吹开了 2  a tr.  send out (esp. air) by breathing 吹，喷(尤指气)  blew cigarette smoke  吐烟雾 blew a bubble  吹泡泡b intr.  send a directed air current from the mouth 喘气 3 tr. & intr.  sound or be sounded by blowing 吹响，吹奏  the whistle blew  汽笛鸣响 they blew the trumpets  他们吹着喇叭 4 tr.  a  direct an air current at 吹，向…吹气  blew the embers  把余烬吹着b (foll. by 后跟 off, away, etc.)  clear by means of an air current 吹气把…弄干净，吹掉  blew the dust off  把灰尘吹掉 5 tr. (past part. blowed) (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) Brit. slang  curse, damn [英] [俚语]责骂，诅咒  blow it!  混蛋！ I'll be blowed!  我真该死！ let's take a taxi and blow the expense  咱们乘出租吧，管它花多少钱呢 6 tr.  a  clear (the nose) of mucus by blowing 擤(鼻子)b  remove contents from (an egg) by blowing through it 吹气把(鸡蛋)弄出来 7  a intr.  puff, pant 喷气，喘气b tr. (esp. in passive 尤用于被动)  exhaust of breath 呼吸困难 8 slang [俚语]  a tr.  depart suddenly from 突然离开  blew the town yesterday  昨天突然离开这个镇b intr.  depart suddenly 突然离去 9 tr.  shatter or send flying by an explosion 炸开，炸飞  the bomb blew the tiles off the roof  炸弹把屋顶上的瓦片炸飞了 blew them to smithereens  把他们炸得粉碎 10 tr.  make or shape (glass or a bubble) by blowing air in 吹制(玻璃器皿)；吹(泡)泡 11 tr. & intr.  melt or cause to melt from overloading (因过载)烧断，烧坏  the fuse has blown  保险丝烧断了 12 intr. (of a whale) eject air and water through a blowhole (鲸等)喷水 13 tr.  break into (a safe etc.) with explosives 炸开(保险箱等) 14 tr. slang [俚语]  a  squander, spend recklessly 挥霍，糟蹋  blew £ 20 on a meal  一顿饭就花了 20 英镑b  spoil, bungle (an opportunity etc.) 浪费掉，放过(机会等；) 笨手笨脚地做  he's blown his chances of winning  他失掉了获胜的机会c  reveal (a secret etc.) 显露，泄露(秘密等) 15 intr. (of a food-tin etc.) swell and eventually burst from internal gas pressure (罐头食品等)膨胀，隆起；炸开 16 tr.  work the bellows of (an organ) 演奏(风琴) 17 tr. (of flies) deposit eggs in (苍蝇)产卵 ●n.  1  a  an act of blowing (e.g. one's nose, a wind instrument) 擤(鼻子)；吹奏(管乐器)b colloq.  a turn or spell of playing jazz (on any instrument); a musical session [口] (用任何乐器)演奏的一曲爵士乐；一段乐曲 2  a  a gust of wind or air 一阵风b  exposure to fresh air 透透风，呼吸新鲜空气 □ be blowed if one will  slang  be unwilling to [俚语]不愿干…□ blow away  slang [俚语]  1  kill, destroy, defeat 杀死，消灭，击败 2  astound, amaze 使惊呆，吃惊□ blow the gaff  Brit.  reveal a secret inadvertently [英]泄露秘密□ blow hot and cold  colloq.  vacillate [口]冷热无常，出尔反尔，摇摆不定□ blow in   1  break inwards by an explosion 向内炸开 2 colloq.  arrive unexpectedly [口]突然到来□ blow a kiss   kiss one's hand and wave"it to a distant person 送(某人)飞吻□ blow a person's mind  slang  cause a person to have drug-induced hallucinations or a similar experience [俚语]使某人产生吸毒引起的幻觉(或类似的感觉)□ blow off   1  escape or allow (steam etc.) to escape forcibly (使) (蒸气等)喷出，冲出 2 slang  break wind noisily [俚语]大声放屁□ blow on (or upon)   1  expose 揭露，暴露 2  discredit 使名誉扫地□ blow out   1  a  extinguish by blowing 吹灭，吹息b  send outwards by an explosion 向外炸开 2 (of a tyre) burst (车胎)爆裂，放炮 3 (of a fuse etc.) melt (保险丝等)烧断 4 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  a  defeat convincingly 彻底打败b  render useless, break 使残废，折断  he blew out his arm  他断了胳膊□ blow over  (of trouble etc.) fade away without serious consequences (麻烦等)逝去，被淡忘□ blow one's own trumpet   praise oneself 自吹自擂□ blow one's socks off   see 见 SOCK1 □ blow one's top (N. Amer. also [北美亦] stack)  colloq.  explode in rage [口]大发雷霆□ blow up   1  a  shatter or destroy by an explosion 炸飞，炸毁b  explode, erupt 爆炸，暴发 2 Brit. colloq.  rebuke strongly [英口]严责，痛斥 3  inflate (a tyre etc.) (给车胎等)充气 4 colloq. [口]  a  enlarge (a photograph) 放大(照片)b  exaggerate 夸大，对…言过其实 5 colloq.  come to notice; arise [口]引起注意，使出现 6 colloq.  lose one's temper [口]大发脾气□ blow the whistle on   see 见 WHISTLE  [Old English blɑˉwan, from Germanic]

blow2 /bləʊ/ n.  1  a hard stroke with a hand or weapon (用手、武器的)一击，捶打 2  a sudden shock or misfortune 突然的打击；灾祸，不幸 □ at one blow   by a single stroke; in one operation 一击之下，一下子□ come to blows   end up fighting 动手打起来，开始互殴□ strike a blow for (or against)   show support for (or opposition to) 支持(或反对)… [15th c.: origin unknown]

blow3 /bləʊ/ v. & n. archaic [古义] ●v. intr. (past blew /blu:/; past part. blown /bləʊn/)  burst into or be in flower (花)开，开花 ●n.  blossoming, bloom 开花；花  in full blow  盛开 [Old English blōwan, from Germanic]

blow-ball n.  the globular seed-head of a dandelion etc. (蒲公英等的)絮球

blow-by-blow attrib. adj. (of a description etc.) giving all the details in sequence (描述等)极为详细的，包括每一细节的

blow-dry v. & n. ●v. tr.  arrange (the hair) while drying it with a hand-held dryer (用手握式电吹风器)把(头发)吹干 ●n.  an act of doing this (用手握式电吹风器)吹干头发(或吹出发式) □ blow-dryer  n. (also 亦作 -drier)  

blower /ˈbləʊə/ n.  1  in senses of BLOW1 v. 用于 blow1 的动词各释义 2  a device for creating a current of air 吹风机，鼓风机 3 esp. Brit. colloq.  a telephone [尤英口]电话

blowfish /ˈbləʊfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of several kinds of fish able to inflate their bodies when frightened etc., e.g. a globe-fish (当受惊吓等时)身体可膨胀的鱼(如河豚)

blowfly /ˈbləʊflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a fly of the family Calliphoridae, laying its eggs on meat and carcasses, e.g. a bluebottle 丽蝇科昆虫(如反吐丽蝇)

blowgun /ˈbləʊɡʌn/ n. US [美]  = BLOWPIPE 1 

blowhard /ˈbləʊhɑ:d/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  a boastful person 唠唠叨叨的人，吹牛者 ●adj.  boastful; blustering 唠唠叨叨的，说大话的，吹牛的

blowhole /ˈbləʊhəʊl/ n.  1  the nostril of a whale, on the top of its head (鲸的)鼻孔 2  a hole (esp. in ice) for breathing or fishing through (尤指冰上供呼吸或钓鱼的)冰孔 3  a vent for air, smoke, etc., in a tunnel etc. (管道等中供空气、烟等流通的)出气孔，通风孔

blow job n. coarse slang  an act of fellatio [粗俗俚语] (对阴茎的)口交；舔阴

blowlamp /ˈbləʊlæmp/ n. Brit.  a portable device with a very hot flame used for burning off paint, soldering, etc. [英] (烧去漆、焊锡等的)喷灯

blown past part.  of BLOW1 , BLOW3 

blow-out n.  1 colloq.  a burst tyre [口]车胎爆裂 2 colloq.  a melted fuse [口]保险丝烧断 3 colloq. [口]  a  a huge meal 盛宴，美餐b N. Amer.  a large social gathering or party [北美]大型社交聚会(或宴会) 4  an uncontrolled uprush of oil or gas from a well (油井或气井的)井喷 5 N. Amer. slang  a resounding defeat; failure [北美] [俚语]惨败；失败

blowpipe /ˈbləʊpaip/ n.  1  a tube used esp. by primitive peoples for propelling arrows or darts by blowing (尤指原始人用的)吹矢枪(筒) 2  a tube used to intensify the heat of a flame by blowing air or other gas through it at high pressure 吹火管 3  a tube used in glass-blowing (吹制玻璃器皿等的)吹管

blowtorch /ˈbləʊtɔ:tʃ/ n.  = BLOWLAMP 

blow-up n.  1 colloq.  an enlargement (of a photograph etc.) [口] (照片等的)放大，扩大 2  an explosion 爆炸

blowy /ˈbləʊi/ adj. (blowier, blowiest)  windy, windswept 有风的，刮风的，易给风吹来吹去的

blowzy /ˈblaʊzi/ adj. (blowzier, blowziest)  1  coarse-looking; red-faced 容貌粗俗的；脸红的 2  dishevelled, slovenly 不整洁的，乱糟糟的，邋遢的 □ blowzily  adv.  □ blowziness  n.   [obsolete blowze ‘beggar's wench’, of unknown origin]

blub /blʌb/ v. intr. (blubbed, blubbing) Brit. slang  sob [英] [俚语]哭 [abbreviation of BLUBBER1]

blubber1 /ˈblʌbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  whale fat 鲸脂 2  a spell of weeping 啜泣，抽噎 ●v.  1 intr.  sob loudly 放声哭 2 tr.  sob out (words) 哭(诉)，抽泣(说出) □ blubberer  n.  □ blubbery  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps imitative]

blubber2 /ˈblʌbə/ adj. (of the lips) swollen, protruding (嘴唇)肿大的，突出的，肥厚的 [earlier blabber, blobber, imitative]

bluchers /ˈblu:kəz/ n. pl. hist.  strong leather half-boots or high shoes [史义]布吕歇尔靴(一种半筒皮靴) [G. L. von Blücher, Prussian general (d. 1819)]

bludge /blʌdʒ/ v. & n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语] ●v.  1 intr.  shirk responsibility or hard work 逃避责任(或艰苦的工作) 2 tr.  cadge, scrounge 乞讨，骗取 ●n.  an easy job or assignment 容易的工作(或任务) □ bludge on   impose on 欺骗 [back-formation from BLUDGER]

bludgeon /ˈblʌdʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  a club with a heavy end 大头短棒 ●v. tr.  1  beat with a bludgeon 用大头短棒打(或打倒) 2  coerce 恫吓，胁迫 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bludger /ˈblʌdʒə/ n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  a hanger-on, a scrounger 食客，随从；小偷 2  a loafer 二流子，游手好闲的人 [originally British slang, = pimp, from obsolete bludgeoner from BLUDGEON]

blue1 /blu:/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (bluer, bluest)  1  having a colour like that of a clear sky 蓝色的，天蓝色的，蔚蓝的 2  sad, depressed; (of a state of affairs) gloomy, dismal 悲伤的，沮丧的；(形势)悲观的，暗淡的  feel blue  感到悲观 blue times  艰难时期 3  indecent, pornographic 下流的，色情的  a blue film  色情影片 4  with bluish skin through cold, fear, anger, etc. (因寒冷、恐惧、生气等致皮肤)青灰色的，青紫色的 5 Brit.  politically conservative [英] (政治上)保守的 6  having blue as a distinguishing colour 以蓝色为标志的  blue jay  冠蓝鸦 ●n.  1  a blue colour or pigment 蓝色，天蓝色；蓝颜料，蓝染料 2  blue clothes or material 蓝衣服(或衣料)  dressed in blue  穿蓝色服装 3 Brit. [英]  a  a person who has represented a university (esp. Oxford or Cambridge) in a sport (尤指牛津或剑桥大学的)大学校队运动员b  this distinction Cf. 参见 HALF-BLUE “蓝色选手”称号 4 Brit.  a supporter of the Conservative Party [英]保守党的支持者(或党员) 5  any of various small blue-coloured butterflies of the famil Lycaenidae (灰蝶科)浅蓝色小蝴蝶 6  blue powder used to whiten laundry 增白剂 7 Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  a  an argument or row 辩论，争吵b (as a nickname) a red-headed person (用作绰号)长红头发的人 8  a blue ball, piece, etc. in a game or sport 蓝色物(游戏中或运动场上的蓝色球、蓝色环等) 9 (prec. by 前接 the)  the clear sky 晴空 ●v. tr. (blues, blued, bluing or blueing)  1  make blue 使成蓝色 2  treat with laundering blue 给…用上蓝剂 □ blue in the face   in a state of extreme anger or exasperation (因极度生气、愤怒而)脸色发紫□ once in a blue moon   very rarely 难得有一次，极为罕见□ out of the blue   unexpectedly 出乎意外，突然□ blueness  n.   [Middle English from Old French bleu, from Germanic]

blue2 /blu:/ v. tr. (blues, blued, bluing or blueing) Brit. slang  squander (money) [英] [俚语]挥霍(钱财)，乱花(钱) [perhaps variant of BLOW1]

blue baby n.  a baby with a blue complexion from lack of oxygen in the blood due to a congenital defect of the heart or major blood vessels 蓝婴，青紫婴儿(因心脏或血管有先天性缺陷生下来皮肤呈蓝色)

Bluebeard /ˈblu:biəd/ n.  1  a man who murders his wives 蓝胡子(连续杀害妻子的人) 2  a person with a horrible secret 残酷的丈夫 [a character in a fairy tale told originally in French (Barbe-Bleue) by Perrault]

bluebell /ˈblu:bel/ n.  1  a woodland plant of the lily family, Hyacinthoides nonscripta, with clusters of bell-shaped blue flowers on a stem arising from a rhizome also called 亦称作 wild hyacinth, wood hyacinth (百合科植物，花钟状，蓝色) 圆叶风铃草，风铃花，风信子 2 Sc. [苏格兰]  = HAREBELL  3  any of several other plants with blue bell-shaped flowers 开蓝色钟状花的植物

blueberry /ˈblu:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of several plants of the genus Vaccinium with small blue-black edible fruit, sometimes cultivated 南方越橘 2  the fruit of these plants 南方越橘的浆果

blue bice n.  a shade of blue between ultramarine and azure derived from smalt 碱式碳酸铜蓝颜料

bluebird /ˈblu:bɜ:d/ n.  any of various N. American songbirds of the thrush family, esp. of the genus Sialia, with distinctive blue plumage usu. on the back or head (北美产的)蓝鸲(尤指蓝鸲属鸟，通常背部、头部呈蓝色)

blue-black n. & adj. ●n.  a black colour with a tinge of blue 蓝黑色，深蓝色 ●adj.  of this colour 蓝黑色的，深蓝色的

blue blood n.  noble birth 贵族(或王族)出身，名门出身 □ blue-blooded  adj.  

blue book n. Brit.  an official or widely recognised book of rules, economic or commercial information, names of officials, etc., esp. (in the UK) a report issued by Parliament or the Privy Council, bound in blue [英]蓝皮书(尤指英国议会和枢密院发表的封皮为蓝色的官方报告，内有法律法规、经济商贸信息及政府官员名录等)；封皮为蓝色的官方出版物；美国政府官员录

bluebottle /ˈblu:bɒt(ə)l/ n.  1  a large buzzing fly, Calliphora vomitoria, with a metallic-blue body also called 亦称作 BLOWFLY 反吐丽蝇(腹部蓝色) 2 Austral.  a Portuguese man-of-war [澳]葡萄牙军舰 3  a dark blue cornflower 矢车菊 4 Brit. colloq.  a police officer [英口]警察

blue box n.  1 esp. US  an electronic device used to access long-distance telephone lines illegally [尤美]蓝盒子(一种非法盗打长途电话的电子装置) 2 esp. Canad.  a blue plastic box for the collection of recyclable household materials [尤加] (一种用以回收家用废物的)蓝色废品回收塑料盒

blue cheese n.  cheese produced with veins of blue mould, e.g. Stilton and Danish Blue (有蓝色或绿色霉纹的)蓝干酪(如斯提耳顿干酪及丹麦青纹干酪)

blue-chip attrib. adj. (of shares) of reliable investment, though less secure than gilt-edged stock 蓝筹(股)，(股票)值钱而热门的 [from blue chip, a high-value counter in gambling games]

blue-collar attrib. adj. (of a worker or work) manual; industrial (工人)蓝领的；(工作)体力劳动的，蓝领阶级的

blue dahlia n.  something rare or impossible 罕有(不可能有)的东西

blue ensign n.  the ensign of government departments and formerly of the naval reserve etc. 政府部门的旗(原英国海军预备舰队等的旗)

blue-eyed boy n. esp. Brit. colloq. usu. derog.  a favoured person; a favourite [尤英口] [常贬]受宠的人；宠儿

bluefish /ˈblu:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a voracious marine fish, Pomatomus saltatrix, inhabiting tropical and temperate waters and popular as a game fish 蓝鱼，跳鱼(热带和温带海域的一种海水鱼)

blue funk n. slang [俚语]  1 esp. Brit.  a state of great terror or panic [尤英]极大的恐惧，极端的神经紧张 2 esp. N. Amer.  a state of mild depression [尤北美]沮丧，孤独，无聊

bluegrass /ˈblu:ɡrɑ:s/ n.  1  any of several bluish-green grasses, esp. of Kentucky (尤指肯塔基州的青牧草)早熟禾；六月禾 2  a kind of instrumental country and western music characterized by virtuosic playing of banjos, guitars, etc. 蓝草音乐(一种西部乡村音乐，常用班卓琴、吉他等弦乐器演奏)

blue-green alga n.  = CYANOBACTERIUM 

blue ground n.  = KIMBERLITE 

bluegum /ˈblu:ɡʌm/ n.  any tree of the genus Eucalyptus, esp. E. regnans with blue-green aromatic leaves 桉树属植物(尤指蓝桉)

blueish var.  of BLUISH  BLUISH 的变体

bluejacket /ˈblu:dʒækit/ n. slang  a seaman in the Navy [俚语]水兵

Blue John n.  a purple and white banded variety of fluorite found in Derbyshire, England (英国德比郡出产的)莹石

blue line n. Ice Hockey  either of the two lines midway between the centre of the rink and each goal 【冰球】(划分冰球场成 3 个均等区域的)蓝线

Bluemantle /ˈblu:mænt(ə)l/ n.  one of four pursuivants of the English College of Arms 英国纹章院的四个属官之一

blue metal n. Brit.  broken blue stone used for road-making [英] (铺路用的)碎蓝灰沙岩，碎玄武岩

blue mould n.  a bluish fungus growing on food and other organic matter (在食物和其他有机物上生长的)青霉

blue murder n. (N. Amer. [北美] bloody murder)  a great commotion; a loud or alarming noise (esp. as an intensive 尤用作加强语 : yelled blue murder 大声惨叫) 大动乱；大声的(或使人惊恐的)惨叫

blue-pencil v. tr. (-pencilled, -pencilling; US [美] -penciled, -penciling)  censor or make cuts in (a manuscript, film, etc.) 划去，校订，删改(电影剧本、影片等)

Blue Peter n.  a blue flag with a white square raised on board a ship leaving port (蓝底、正中有白方格的)开船旗(表示离港的信号旗)

blueprint /ˈblu:print/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a photographic print of the final stage of engineering or other plans in white on a blue background (晒)蓝图 2  a detailed plan, esp. in the early stages of a project or idea (尤指早期的详细)行动计划，方案 ●v. tr. US  work out (a programme, plan, etc.) [美]制订(方案、计划等)

blue ribbon n.  1  a high honour 最高荣誉 2 Brit.  the ribbon of the Order of the Garter [英]嘉德勋章的蓝授带

blue rinse n.  a preparation for tinting grey hair (染花白头发用的)蓝色染发剂

blue roan adj. & n. ●adj.  black mixed with white 青沙毛(指黑毛中杂有白色)的 ●n.  a blue roan animal 青沙毛牲畜

blue rock n.  = ROCK-DOVE 

blues /blu:z/ n. pl.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a bout of depression (一阵)沮丧，忧郁  had a fit of the blues  一阵忧郁 2  a (prec. by 前接 the; often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  melancholic music of black American folk origin, often in a twelve-bar sequence 蓝调，布鲁斯(一种伤感而缓慢的美国黑人民间乐曲)b (pl. same 单复同) (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a piece of such music 一首布鲁斯乐曲  the band played a blues  演奏布鲁斯乐曲的乐队 □ bluesy  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

bluestocking /ˈblu:stɒkiŋ/ n. usu. derog.  an intellectual or literary woman [常贬]卖弄学问的女子；女学者，女才子 [originally a frequenter of the ‘blue-stocking’ literary assemblies held in London c. 1750 (from the less formal blue stockings worn by some men): later applied only to women]

bluestone /ˈblu:stəʊn/ n.  1  any of various bluish or grey building stones 蓝砂岩；蓝矾 2  any of the smaller stones in the inner part of Stonehenge, made of dolerite (英国南部索尔兹伯里附近)巨石阵内较小的石料

bluet /ˈblu:it/ n. US  a blue-flowered plant of the genus Hedyotis [美]矢车菊

blue tit n.  a common tit, Parus caeruleus, with a distinct blue crest on a black and white head 青山雀(一种常见的山雀，黑白相间的头上有一个明显的蓝色肉冠)

blue vitriol n.  crystalline copper sulphate 蓝矾，五水(合)硫酸铜

blue water n.  open sea 大海

blue whale n.  a rorqual, Balaenoptera musculus, the largest known living mammal 蓝鲸(世界上最大的哺乳动物)

bluey /ˈblu:i/ n. (pl. -eys) Austral. colloq. [澳口]  1  a bundle carried by a bushman (林中居民用的)蓝布包袱，旅行包 2  = BLUE1n. 7b 

bluff1 /blʌf/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a pretence of strength or confidence to gain an advantage 虚张声势以吓唬人 2 tr.  mislead by bluffing 以假象欺骗，愚弄，吓唬 ●n.  an act of bluffing; a show of confidence or assertiveness intended to deceive 虚张声势，假装有信心(有把握)以骗人，吓唬 □ call a person's bluff   challenge a person thought to be bluffing 要某人摊牌，接受某人的挑战□ bluffer  n.   [19th c. (originally in poker) from Dutch bluffen ‘brag’]

bluff2 /blʌf/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a cliff, or a ship's bows) having a vertical or steep broad front (悬崖或船头)前部宽而陡直的 2 (of a person or manner) blunt, frank, hearty (人或举止)直率的，坦率的，粗率的 ●n.  a steep cliff or headland 悬崖，峭壁，陡岸 □ bluffly  adv. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)  □ bluffness  n. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)   [17th-c. nautical word: origin unknown]

bluish /ˈblu:iʃ/ adj. (also 亦作 blueish)  somewhat blue 带蓝色的，有点蓝的

blunder /ˈblʌndə/ n. & v. ●n.  a clumsy or foolish mistake, esp. an important one (由于愚蠢或粗心等造成的)错误(尤指重大错误) ●v.  1 intr.  make a blunder; act clumsily or ineptly 犯大错；慌乱地走，跌跌撞撞(或踉踉跄跄)地走 2 tr.  deal incompetently with; mismanage 笨拙地做，把…搞得一团糟，做错 3 intr.  move about blindly or clumsily; stumble 瞎闯乱撞，磕磕绊绊地走 □ blunderer  n.  □ blunderingly  adv.   [Middle English probably from Scandinavian: cf. Middle Swedish blundra ‘shut the eyes’]

blunderbuss /ˈblʌndəbʌs/ n. hist.  a short large-bored gun firing balls or slugs [史义]老式大口径短枪 [alteration of Dutch donderbus ‘thunder gun’, associated with BLUNDER]

blunge /blʌn(d)ʒ/ v. tr. (in ceramics etc.) mix (clay etc.) with water (制陶器等)把(黏土等)与水搅和 [portmanteau word, from PLUNGE + BLEND]

blunt /blʌnt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of a knife, pencil, etc.) lacking a sharp edge or point; having a worn-down point or edge (小刀、铅笔等)钝的，不锋利的 2 (of a person or manner) direct, uncompromising, outspoken (人或举止)直率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 ●v. tr.  make blunt or less sharp 使钝，使迟钝，使不锋利 □ bluntly  adv. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)  □ bluntness  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘dull, insensitive’ (of perceptions or intellect), perhaps from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse blunda ‘shut the eyes’]

blur /blɜ:/ v. & n. ●v. (blurred, blurring)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become unclear or less distinct 使模糊不清，(使)变模糊 2 tr.  smear; partially efface 弄脏，涂污；涂去，抹去 3 tr.  make (one's memory, perception, etc.) dim or less clear 使(某人的记忆、感知等)朦胧，模糊不清 ●n.  something that appears or sounds indistinct or unclear 模糊的东西；朦胧的状况 □ blurry  adj. (blurrier, blurriest)   [16th c.: perhaps related to BLEAR]

blurb /blɜ:b/ n.  a (usu. eulogistic) description of a book, esp. printed on its jacket, as promotion by its publishers (尤指印在书籍护封上的)简介，推荐广告(通常吹捧称颂) [coined by G. Burgess, American humorist d. 1951]

blurt /blɜ:t/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  utter abruptly, thoughtlessly, or tactlessly 脱口说出，不假思索地说出，冲口说出 [probably imitative]

blush /blʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  develop a pink tinge in the face from embarrassment or shame (因窘困、害羞等)脸红b (of the face) redden in this way (脸因窘困、害羞等)变红 2  feel embarrassed or ashamed 发窘，羞愧，惭愧 3  be or become red or pink 呈现(或变成)红色，具鲜艳的颜色 ●n.  1  the act of blushing 脸红；羞愧，惭愧 2  a pink tinge 红色，红光 □ at first blush   on the first glimpse or impression 乍一看，根据初步印象□ spare a person's blushes   refrain from causing embarrassment esp. by praise (尤指因表扬)不叫某人不好意思 [Middle English, from Old English blyscan]

blusher /ˈblʌʃə/ n.  a cosmetic used to give a warmth of colour to the face 能使脸色红润的化妆品

bluster /ˈblʌstə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  behave pompously and boisterously; utter empty threats 夸口，气势汹汹地说话；恐吓，威胁 2 (of the wind etc.) blow fiercely (风等)狂吹，猛刮 ●n.  1  noisily self-assertive talk 气势汹汹的大话，夸口 2  empty threats 恐吓，威胁 □ blusterer  n.  □ blustery  adj.   [16th c.: ultimately imitative]

B-lymphocyte /bi:ˈlimfəsait/ n. Physiol.  a lymphocyte not processed by the thymus gland, and responsible for producing antibodies (cf. 参见 T-LYMPHOCYTE) Also called 亦称作 B-cell 【生理】 B 淋巴细胞 [B for bursa, referring to an organ in birds where it was first identified]

BM abbr. [缩略]  1  British Museum 不列颠博物馆，英国博物馆 2  Bachelor of Medicine 医学士

BMA abbr.  British Medical Association [缩略]英国医学会

B-movie n.  a supporting film in a cinema programme; a low-budget film (电影节目中的)次要影片(二流影片)；低成本影片

B.Mus. abbr.  Bachelor of Music [缩略]音乐学士

BMX n.  1  organized bicycle racing on a dirt track, esp. for youngsters (尤指青年人)自行车越野赛 2  a kind of bicycle used for this 越野赛用的自行车 3 (作 attrib.)  of or related to such racing or the equipment used (有关)自行车越野赛的；(有关)自行车越野赛所使用的装备的  BMX gloves  自行车越野赛手套 [abbreviation of bicycle moto-cross]

Bn. abbr. [缩略]  Battalion 

bn. abbr. [缩略]  billion 

BO abbr. colloq.  body odour [缩略] [口]体臭，狐臭

bo /bəʊ/ int.  = BOO  [imitative]

boa /ˈbəʊə/ n.  1  a constrictor snake of the family Boidae, esp. any of the larger ones from the New World (蟒、亚科)蚺，蟒蛇(尤指美洲巨蟒) 2  any snake which is a constrictor, e.g. an Old World python 任何大蛇(如东半球蟒蛇) 3  a long thin stole made of feathers or fur (皮革或毛皮制的)女用长围巾(或披肩) [Latin]

boa constrictor n.  a large snake, Boa constrictor, native to tropical America and the West Indies, which crushes its prey 王蛇(生长于热带美洲和西印度群岛缠捕猎物的大蟒蛇)

boar /bɔ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 wild boar)  the tusked wild pig, Sus scrofa, from which domestic pigs are descended 野猪(有獠牙) 2  an uncastrated male pig (未阉的)公猪 3  its flesh 公猪肉 4  a male guinea pig etc. 雄豚鼠(雄天竺鼠等) [Old English bɑˉr, from West Germanic]

board /bɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a flat thin piece of sawn timber, usu. long and narrow (通常为长而窄的)薄木板b  a piece of material resembling this, made from compressed fibres (用压缩木纤维等制成的)硬薄板c  a thin slab of wood or a similar substance, often with a covering, used for any of various purposes (有特定用途、常带有覆盖物的用木或其他材料制成的)板，牌子，台，盘  chessboard  棋盘 ironing board  熨衣板 noticeboard  布告牌d  thick stiff card used in bookbinding (装帧封面用的)厚硬纸板 2  the provision of regular meals, usu. with accommodation, for payment 包伙，伙食(通常带住宿) 3 archaic  a table spread for a meal [古义]餐桌 4  the directors of a company; any other specially constituted administrative body, e.g. a committee or group of councillors, examiners, etc. 公司的董事会；(特别组成的行政管理机构(如委员会、顾问小组、主考委员会等)) 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the stage of a theatre (cf. 参见 tread the boards 做演员) 舞台 6 Naut.  the side of a ship 【海】船舷，船侧 ●v.  1 tr.  a  go on board (a ship, train, aircraft, etc.) 上(船、火车、飞机等)b  force one's way on board (a ship etc.) in attack (为攻击)靠拢(敌船)；强行登上(敌船) 2  a intr.  receive regular meals, or (esp. of a schoolchild) meals and lodging, for payment (尤指学生)搭伙，包膳宿b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  arrange accommodation away from home for (esp. a child) 使(尤指孩子)安排在外搭伙，寄宿c tr.  provide (a lodger etc.) with regular meals 为(房客等)提供膳食 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  cover with boards; seal or close 用木板覆盖；封闭 □ go by the board   be neglected, omitted, or discarded 被忽视，被遗忘，被丢弃□ on board   on or on to a ship, aircraft, oil rig, etc. 在船(飞机、石油钻塔等)上；上船(飞机、石油钻塔等)□ take on board   consider (a new idea etc.) 考虑(一种新思想等) [Old English bord, from Germanic]

boarder /ˈbɔ:də/ n.  1  a person who boards, esp. a pupil at a boarding school (see 见 BOARD v. 2a) 搭伙者；寄膳宿者(尤指寄宿生) 2  a person who boards a ship, esp. an enemy 登船的人(尤指强登敌船者)

board game n.  a game played on a board 需用棋盘进行的游戏

boarding house n.  an establishment providing board and lodging, esp. Brit. to holidaymakers 提供膳食的寄宿舍；[尤英] (为度假者)提供膳食的寄宿处

boarding kennel n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a boarding establishment for dogs 狗窝

boarding school n.  a school where pupils are resident in term-time 寄宿学校

Board of Green Cloth  see 见 GREEN CLOTH 

board of trade n. N. Amer.  a chamber of commerce [北美]商会，同业公会

boardroom /ˈbɔ:dru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in which a board of directors etc. meets regularly (董事会等的)会议室

boardsailing /ˈbɔ:dseiliŋ/ n.  = WINDSURFING  □ boardsailor  n. (also 亦作 boardsailer)  

boardwalk /ˈbɔ:dwɔ:k/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a wooden walkway across sand, marsh, etc. (穿过沙滩、沼泽等的)木板人行道 2  a promenade along a beach 海滨人行道

boart var.  of BORT  BORT 的变体

boast /bəʊst/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  declare one's achievements, possessions, or abilities with indulgent pride and satisfaction (对成就、财产、能力)夸耀，自吹自擂，自夸 2 tr.  own or have as something praiseworthy etc. 以拥有(值得称赞等的事物)而自豪  the hotel boasts magnificent views  这家旅店以观景好而自豪 ●n.  1  an act of boasting 自吹自擂 2  something one is proud of 足以自豪的事物，可以夸耀的原因 □ boaster  n.  □ boastingly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French bost, of unknown origin]

boastful /ˈbəʊstfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  given to boasting 自吹自擂的，自夸的 2  characterized by boasting 喜欢自吹自擂的，喜欢自夸的  boastful talk  自吹自擂 □ boastfully  adv.  □ boastfulness  n.  

boat /bəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small vessel propelled on water by an engine, oars, or sails 船，(用发动机、桨、帆等推动的)小船 2 (in general use) a ship of any size (统称)船只 3  an elongated boat-shaped jug used for holding sauce etc. (装调味汁等的)船形碟 ●v. intr.  travel or go in a boat, esp. for pleasure 乘船出游(尤指乘船游玩) □ in the same boat   sharing the same adverse circumstances 处境相同，面临同样的境遇□ push the boat out  Brit. colloq.  celebrate lavishly [英口]庆祝，想方设法花钱乐一下□ boatful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English bɑˉt, from Germanic]

boat-building n.  the occupation of building boats 造船业，造船术 □ boatbuilder  n.  

boatel var.  of BOTEL  BOTEL 的变体

boater /ˈbəʊtə/ n.  a flat-topped hardened straw hat with a brim (originally worn while boating) 平顶硬草帽(原为划船时所戴)

boat-hook n.  a long pole with a hook and a spike at one end, for moving boats (一端有钩和尖钉的)撑篙

boathouse /ˈbəʊthaʊs/ n.  a shed at the edge of a river, lake, etc., for housing boats (在河、湖等岸边的)停船场所，停船棚屋

boatie /ˈbəʊti/ n. esp. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a person who sails a boat; a boating enthusiast [尤澳新口]驾驶船只的人；热衷于划船的人

boating /ˈbəʊtiŋ/ n.  rowing or sailing in boats as a sport or form of recreation (指作为运动或娱乐形式的)划船

boatload /ˈbəʊtləʊd/ n.  1  enough to fill a boat 一船(货物或乘客) 2 colloq.  a large number of people [口]许多(人)

boatman /ˈbəʊtmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who hires out boats or provides transport by boat 出租小船的人(或用船摆渡取酬的人)，船家

boat people n.  refugees who have left a country by sea 船民(乘船离国的难民)

boat race n.  a race between rowing crews, esp. (the Boat Race) the one between Oxford and Cambridge 划船比赛(尤指牛津、剑桥大学之间一年一度的划船比赛)

boatswain /ˈbəʊs(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 bo'sun, bosun, bo's'n)  a ship's officer in charge of equipment and the crew 水手长(管理其他水手及船上设备) [Old English bɑˉtswegen (as BOAT, SWAIN)]

boatswain's chair n.  a seat suspended from ropes for work on the side of a ship or building (船侧或建筑物的)高空作业坐板

boat-train n.  a train scheduled to meet or go on a boat 配合船期接送乘客的火车

Bob /bɒb/   鲍勃 [人名]

bob1 /bɒb/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (bobbed, bobbing)  1  move quickly up and down; dance 上下快速移动；跳舞 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 back, up)  a  bounce buoyantly 跃起b  emerge suddenly; become active or conspicuous again after a defeat etc. 突然出现；(失败等后)恢复元气，东山再起 3  curtsy 行屈膝礼 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  try to catch with the mouth alone (fruit etc. floating or hanging) 想法只用嘴咬住飘动(或悬挂)的东西(水果等) ●n.  1  a jerking or bouncing movement, esp. upward (尤指向上)突然跳起；弹起 2  a curtsy 屈膝礼 3  one of several kinds of change in long peals in bell-ringing (钟乐中的)变调鸣奏(法) [14th c.: probably imitative]

bob2 /bɒb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short hairstyle for women and children (妇女和儿童的)短发型 2  a weight on a pendulum, plumb line, or kite tail 摆锤，锤规；(风筝尾部的)垂挂物 3  = BOBSLEIGH  4  a horse's docked tail 截短的马尾 5  a short line at or towards the end of a stanza 诗节末尾的短行 6  a knot of hair; a tassel-shaped curl (毛发)一束，一团，一串 ●v. (bobbed, bobbing)  1 tr.  cut (a woman's or child's hair) so that it hangs clear of the shoulders 剪短(妇女或儿童的)头发 2 intr.  ride on a bobsleigh 乘大雪橇 [Middle English: origin unknown]

bob3 /bɒb/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Brit. slang hist.  a shilling (now = 5 decimal pence) [英] [俚语] [史义]先令(现为十进制中的 5 便士) [19th c.: origin unknown]

bob4 /bɒb/ n.   □ bob's your uncle  Brit. slang  an expression of completion or satisfaction [英] [俚语]一切如意 [pet form of the name Robert]

bobber /ˈbɒbə/ n.  a person who rides on a bobsleigh 乘大雪橇的人

bobbin /ˈbɒbin/ n.  1  a  a cylinder or cone holding thread, yarn, wire, etc., used esp. in weaving and machine sewing (尤指纺织、缝纫等用的)筒管，筒子，线轴(沙管等)b  a spool or reel 绕线管，线圈架；线圈，卷轴 2  a small bar and string for raising a door latch (门拴上的)吊带把手 [French bobine, of unknown origin]

bobbinet /ˈbɒbinet/ n.  machine-made cotton net (imitating lace made with bobbins on a pillow) (仿枕头上网眼花边的)六角网眼纱，珠罗纱 [BOBBIN + NET1]

bobbin lace n.  lace made by hand with thread wound on bobbins 梭结花边

bobble /ˈbɒb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small woolly or tufted ball as a decoration or trimming (装饰或镶边用的)小羊毛球 2 US esp. Sport  a mistake or error; a bungle [美] (尤)【运动】失误，漏接(球) ●v. tr. & intr. US esp. Sport  bungle or fumble, esp. in taking a catch [美] (尤)【运动】漏接球(尤指接球后脱手) □ bobbly  adj.   [diminutive of BOB2]

Bobby /ˈbɒbi/   博比 [人名]

bobby1 /ˈbɒbi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a police officer [英口]警察 [Sir Robert Peel, English statesman d. 1850, founder of the metropolitan police force]

bobby2 /ˈbɒbi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 bobby calf)  an unweaned calf slaughtered for veal 出生后不久即被宰杀的未断奶小牛 [English dialect]

bobby-dazzler n. Brit. colloq.  a remarkable or excellent person or thing [英口]引人注目的人(或物)，顶刮刮的人(或物) [dialect, related to DAZZLE: the first element is unknown]

bobby pin n. N. Amer., Austral. & NZ  a flat hairpin [北美澳新]扁平发夹 [BOB2 + -Y2]

bobby socks n. pl. esp. N. Amer.  short socks reaching just above the ankle [尤北美] (刚过脚脖子的)短袜 □ bobby-soxer  n.   [BOB2 + -Y2]

bobcat /ˈbɒbkæt/ n.  a small N. American lynx, Felix rufus, with a spotted reddish-brown coat and a short tail 红猫(一种北美短尾猞猁) [BOB2 + CAT1]

bobolink /ˈbɒbəliŋk/ n.  a N. American oriole, Dolichonyx oryzivorus 长刺歌雀(一种北美黄鹂) [originally Bob(o') Lincoln: imitative of its call]

bobsled /ˈbɒbsled/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BOBSLEIGH  □ bobsledding  n.  

bobsleigh /ˈbɒbslei/ n.  a mechanically steered and braked sledge used for racing down a steep ice-covered run 大雪橇；连橇 □ bobsleighing  n.   [BOB2 + SLEIGH]

bobstay /ˈbɒbstei/ n.  the chain or rope holding down a ship's bowsprit 船头斜桁支索 [probably BOB1 + STAY2]

bobtail /ˈbɒbteil/ n.  1  a docked tail 短尾巴，截短的尾巴 2  a horse or a dog with a bobtail 尾巴截短的马(或狗) [BOB2 + TAIL1]

bocage /bəˈkɑ:ʒ/ n.  the representation of silvan scenery in ceramics (陶瓷艺术品上)森林背景 [French from Old French boscage: see 见 BOSCAGE]

Boche /bɒʃ/ n. & adj. slang derog. [俚语] [贬] ●n.  1  a German, esp. a soldier 德国佬(尤指德国兵) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  Germans, esp. German soldiers, collectively (总称)德国人(尤指德国兵) ●adj.  German 德国人(或兵)的 [French slang, originally = rascal: applied to Germans in the First World War]

bock /bɒk/ n.  a strong dark German beer 德国黑啤酒 [French, from the German abbreviation of Eimbockbier from Einbeck in Hanover]

BOD abbr.  biochemical oxygen demand [缩略]生化需氧量

bod /bɒd/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a person [英]人，家伙 2 N. Amer.  a body [北美]人体，体格 [abbreviation of BODY]

bodacious /bəˈdeiʃəs/ adj. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  remarkable, excellent 非凡的，引人注目的 2 esp. US  bold, audacious [尤美]胆大妄为的，鲁莽的 [perhaps variant of archaic boldacious, from BOLD + AUDACIOUS]

bode /bəʊd/ v. tr.  1  portend, foreshow 预示，为…的先兆 2  foresee, foretell (evil) 预知，预言(不祥) □ bode well (or ill)   show good (or bad) signs for the future 有好(坏)兆头 [Old English bodian from boda ‘messenger’]

bodega /bəˈdi:ɡə/ n.  a cellar or shop selling wine and food, esp. in a Spanish-speaking country 酒窖；(卖酒和食物的)酒店(尤指在讲西班牙语的国家里) [Spanish via Latin apotheca from Greek apothēkē ‘storehouse’]

Bode's law /ˈbəʊdz, ˈbəʊdəz/ n. Astron.  a formula by which the distances of the first seven planets from the sun are roughly derived in terms of powers of two 【天】波德定则(表示七大行星与太阳之间近似距离的规律) [J.E. Bode, German astronomer d. 1826]

bodge Brit. var.  of BOTCH [英] BOTCH 的变体

Bodhisattva /bɒdiˈsɑ:tvə/ n. (in Mahayana Buddhism) a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so through compassion for suffering beings (大乘佛教中的)菩萨 [Sanskrit, = a person whose essence is perfect knowledge]

bodice /ˈbɒdis/ n.  1  the part of a woman's dress (excluding sleeves) which is above the waist (无袖)女连衣裙的上身 2  a woman's undergarment, like a vest, for the same part of the body 妇女紧身胸衣 [originally pair of bodies = stays, corsets]

bodice-ripper n. colloq.  a sexually explicit romantic (esp. historical) novel or film with seduction of the heroine [口] (尤指历史题材的)胸衣撕裂文学 □ bodice-ripping  adj.  

bodiless /ˈbɒdilis/ adj.  1  lacking a body 无躯体的 2  incorporeal, insubstantial 无实体的，无形的，脱离肉体的

bodily /ˈbɒdili/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  of or concerning the body (有关)身体的，(有关)肉体的 ●adv.  1  with the whole bulk; as a whole 整个地，全部地  threw them bodily  把它们全扔掉 2  in the body; as a person 以肉体形式，活生生地；亲身地

bodkin /ˈbɒdkin/ n.  1  a blunt thick needle with a large eye used esp. for drawing tape etc. through a hem (尤指粗钝的)大针眼缝针 2  a long pin for fastening hair 长发夹 3  a small pointed instrument for piercing cloth, removing a piece of type for correction, etc. 锥子；(改错字等用的)活字铗 [Middle English, perhaps from Celtic]

body /ˈbɒdi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the physical structure, including the bones, flesh, and organs, of a person or an animal, whether dead or alive (人或动物的)身体，躯体 2  the trunk apart from the head and the limbs (除头、四肢以外的)躯干，胴体 3  a  the main or central part of a thing (物体的)主干部分  body of the car  车身 body of the attack  进攻的主力部队b  the bulk or majority; the aggregate 主要部分，大部分，大多数  body of opinion  舆论的主流 4  a  a group of persons regarded collectively, esp. as having a corporate function (尤指有法人作用的)机构，社团，团体  governing body  执政机构b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a collection (汇集而成的)一群，一批，一组；一堆，(大)量  body of facts  大量事实 5  a quantity 相当数量  body of water  水体 6  a material object 物体，天体  celestial body  天体 7 colloq.  a person [口]人 8  a full or substantial quality of flavour, tone, etc., e.g. in wine, musical sounds, etc. (味、声调等的)质地(如酒的醇度、乐声的洪亮圆润等) 9  a bodysuit 紧身衣裤 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 forth)  give body or substance to 赋…以形体 □ in a body   all together 全体一致地，一块儿□ keep body and soul together   keep alive, esp. barely 苟且过活(尤指勉强活下去)□ over my dead body  colloq.  entirely without my assent [口]除非我死了□ -bodied  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词 : able-bodied 体格健全的，强壮的)   [Old English bodig, of unknown origin]

body bag n.  a bag for carrying a corpse from the scene of warfare, an accident, etc. (装运战死、事故等死亡者的)运尸袋

body blow n.  a severe setback 严重的挫折

body-building n.  the practice of strengthening the body, esp. shaping and enlarging the muscles, by exercise (尤指加强体形、肌肉的)健美运动 □ bodybuilder  n.  

body-check n. & v. ●n.  a deliberate obstruction of one player by another 身体阻截，用身体贴人(或挤人) ●v. tr.  obstruct in this way 用身体阻挡(对方)

body colour n.  an opaque pigment 不透明的颜色(或颜料)

body double n.  a stand-in for a film actor during stunt or nude scenes (电影中特技或裸体镜头的)替身

bodyguard /ˈbɒdiɡɑ:d/ n.  a person or group of persons escorting and protecting another person (esp. a dignitary) (尤指要人的)保镖，保卫人员；警卫；警卫队

body language n.  the process of communicating through conscious or unconscious gestures and poses 身势语(有意识或无意识地通过姿势及形态表达)

body odour n.  the smell of the human body, esp. when unpleasant (尤指令人不快的)人体的气味，体臭，汗臭

body piercing n.  the piercing of holes in parts of the body other than the ear lobes (耳垂以外部位的)穿体装饰

body politic n.  the nation or state as a corporate body 国家；(被视为一个整体的)民族

body-popping n. orig. US  a kind of dancing with jerky robotic movements of the joints [源于美]机械舞，机器人舞(一种以关节机械活动的舞蹈)

body scanner n. Brit.  a scanning X-ray machine for taking tomograms of the whole body [英] (用来拍摄人体断层片的)人体扫描机

body search n.  a search, esp. one conducted by customs officials or the police, of a person's body for illicit weapons, drugs, etc. (尤指海关官员或警察针对非法武器、毒品等进行的)搜身

body shop n.  a workshop where repairs to the bodywork of vehicles are carried out 车身修理车间

body stocking n.  a woman's undergarment which covers the torso (上下身成一体的)女子紧身内衣

bodysuit /ˈbɒdisu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a close-fitting one-piece stretch garment for women (女子)紧身衣裤

body warmer n.  a sleeveless quilted or padded jacket worn as an outdoor garment (无袖)棉背心，棉马甲

body wave n.  a soft light permanent wave designed to give the hair fullness (使头发蓬松的)电烫发

body weight n.  the weight of a person's body (人的)体重

bodywork /ˈbɒdiwɜ:k/ n.  the outer shell of a vehicle 车身

body wrap n.  a type of beauty treatment involving the application of skin-cleansing ingredients to the body followed by wrapping it in hot bandages, intended to result in a reduction in body measurements 裹体美容瘦身法(在身上涂清洁皮肤的药物，再用热绷带包裹身体以达到瘦身的目的)

Boer /bɔ:, ˈbəʊə, bʊə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a South African of Dutch descent 布尔人(荷兰后裔的南非人) ●adj.  of or relating to the Boers 布尔人的，与布尔人有关的 [Dutch boer ‘farmer’]

boffin /ˈbɒfin/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a person engaged in scientific (esp. military) research [尤英口] (从事科学研究，尤指军事科学研究的)科技理论家，科学家；设计师 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Bofors gun /ˈbəʊfəz/ n.  a type of light anti-aircraft gun 博福斯式高射炮 [Bofors in Sweden, where it was made]

bog /bɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  wet spongy ground 泥塘，沼泽b  a stretch of such ground 沼泽地区 2 Brit. slang  a lavatory [英] [俚语]厕所 ●v. tr. (bogged, bogging) (foll. by 后跟 down; usu. in passive 通常用被动)  impede 使受阻碍，使不能前进  was bogged down by difficulties  遇到困难而停顿不前 □ bog off  (usu. in imper. 通常用祈使句) Brit. slang  go away [英] [俚语]滚开！□ bog standard  Brit. slang  basic, standard, unexceptional [英] [俚语]平常的，无新意的，不起眼的□ boggy  adj. (boggier, boggiest)  □ bogginess  n.   [Irish or Gaelic bogach from bog ‘soft’]

bog asphodel n.  a yellow-flowered European marsh plant, Narthecium ossifragum, of the lily family (百合科)欧洲纳茜菜

bogbean /ˈbɒɡbi:n/ n.  = BUCKBEAN 

bog cotton n.  = COTTON GRASS 

bogey1 /ˈbəʊɡi/ n. & v. Golf 【高尔夫球】  ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a score of one stroke more than par at any hole 超过某洞标准杆数一杆 2 (formerly [旧指])  the number of strokes by which a good player should complete a hole or course; par 每洞的标准杆数；达到标准杆数的成绩 ●v. tr. (-eys, -eyed)  play (a hole) in one stroke more than par 对(洞)打出超过标准杆数的一杆 [perhaps from Bogey as an imaginary player]

bogey2 /ˈbəʊɡi/ n. (also 亦作 bogy) (pl. -eys or -ies)  1  an evil or mischievous spirit; a devil 恶鬼，幽灵；妖怪 2  an awkward thing or circumstance 使人恐惧(烦恼)的东西(或情况) 3 Brit. slang  a piece of nasal mucus [英] [俚语]鼻屎 [19th c., originally as a proper name applied to the Devil: cf. BOGLE]

bogeyman /ˈbəʊɡimæn/ n. (also 亦作 bogyman) (pl. -men)  a person (real or imaginary) causing fear or difficulty (引起恐惧或困难的)可怕的(真)人；(假想的)鬼怪

boggle /ˈbɒɡ(ə)l/ v. colloq. [口]  1 intr.  be startled or baffled (esp. 尤作 the mind boggles 脑子里觉得很害怕) 感到惊恐(或惊奇、困惑) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, at)  hesitate, demur 踌躇，犹豫；反对 3 tr.  overwhelm (mentally) (思想上)使惊奇；吓倒；使困惑 [probably from dialect, related to BOGLE, BOGEY2]

bogie /ˈbəʊɡi/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a wheeled undercarriage pivoted below the end of a rail vehicle 转向架 2  a small truck used for carrying coal, rubble, etc. (运送煤、碎石等的)小卡车 [19th-c. northern dialect word: origin unknown]

bogle /ˈbəʊɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  = BOGEY2 1  2  a phantom 幽灵，鬼怪；令人恐惧的东西 3  a scarecrow 吓唬人的东西 [originally Scots (16th c.), probably related to BOGEY2]

bog moss n.  sphagnum 泥炭藓

bog myrtle n.  a deciduous shrub, Myrica gale, which grows in damp open places and has short upright catkins and aromatic grey-green leaves Also called 亦称作 (sweet) gale 香杨梅

bog oak n.  an ancient oak which has been preserved in a black state in peat 泥炭栎，沼栎(久埋于泥炭沼泽中并已变黑的栎)

Bogotɑˊ /ˌbəugəˈtɑ:/ n.  波哥大 [哥伦比亚首都]

bog spavin n.  = BLOOD SPAVIN 

bogtrotter /ˈbɒɡtrɒtə/ n. slang offens.  an Irishman [俚语] [冒犯]爱尔兰人，爱尔兰乡巴佬

bogus /ˈbəʊɡəs/ adj.  sham, fictitious, spurious 假(冒)的，伪造的 □ bogusly  adv.  □ bogusness  n.   [19th-c. US word: origin unknown]

bogy var.  of BOGEY2  BOGEY2 的变体

bogyman var.  of BOGEYMAN  BOGEYMAN 的变体

bohea /bəʊˈhi:/ n.  a black China tea, the last crop of the season and usu. regarded as of low quality (通常质量较差的)武夷红茶；下品红茶 [Bu-i (Wuyi) Hills in China, whence black tea first came to Britain]

Bohemian /bəʊˈhi:miən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Bohemia, a former kingdom in central Europe corresponding to part of the modern Czech Republic; a Czech 波西米亚人；捷克人 2 (also 亦作 bohemian)  a socially unconventional person, esp. an artist or writer 放荡不羁的文化人(尤指艺术家或作家) ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of Bohemia or its people (有关)波西米亚的；(有关)波西米亚特性的；(有关)波西米亚人的 2  socially unconventional 反世俗陈规的，放荡不羁的 □ bohemianism  n. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)   [Bohemia + -AN: sense 2 from French bohémien ‘gypsy’]

boho /ˈbəʊhəʊ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  = BOHEMIANn. 2  ●adj.  = BOHEMIANadj. 2  [abbreviation of BOHEMIAN + -O]

boil1 /bɔil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a liquid) start to bubble up and turn into vapour; reach a temperature at which this happens (液体)沸腾，达到沸点b (of a vessel) contain boiling liquid (在容器中)烧沸；煮开  the kettle is boiling  壶里的水开了 2  a tr.  bring (a liquid or vessel) to a temperature at which it boils 使(液体或容器中物)煮沸，烧开b tr.  cook (food) by boiling 煮(食物)c intr. (of food) be cooked by boiling (食物)烹煮，在沸水中煮d tr.  subject to the heat of boiling water, e.g. to clean (如要净化)用煮沸方法 3 intr.  a (of the sea etc.) undulate or seethe like boiling water (海等)汹涌起伏，翻腾b (of a person or feelings) be greatly agitated, esp. by anger (人或感情)激动(尤指发怒) ●n.  the act or process of boiling; boiling point 煮沸，烧开；沸点  on the boil  在沸腾 bring to the boil  使烧开 □ boil down   1  reduce volume by boiling 煮稠，熬浓 2  reduce to essentials 压缩，简化 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  amount to; signify basically 归结为；表明是，意味着□ boil over   1  spill over in boiling 沸溢，煮溢 2  lose one's temper; become overexcited (情绪)失去控制，发脾气；激动□ make one's blood boil   see 见 BLOOD  [Middle English via Anglo-French boiller, Old French boillir, from Latin bullire ‘to bubble’, from bulla ‘bubble’]

boil2 /bɔil/ n.  an inflamed pus-filled swelling caused by infection of a hair follicle etc. (因毛囊螨等感染而生的)疖，疮 [Old English byˉl(e), from West Germanic]

boiled shirt n.  a dress shirt with a starched front 前胸上浆的衬衫

boiled sweet n. Brit.  a hard sweet made of boiled sugar [英]硬糖

boiler /ˈbɔilə/ n.  1  a fuel-burning apparatus for heating water, esp. to supply a central heating system (尤指中央供热系统的)锅炉 2  a tank for heating water, esp. for turning it to steam under pressure (尤指压力下可汽化水的)汽锅 3  a metal tub for boiling laundry etc. (洗衣店等)煮(或消毒)衣物的金属桶(或盆) 4 Brit.  a fowl, vegetable, etc., suitable for cooking only by boiling [英]只适宜于煮的家禽(蔬菜等)

boilermaker /ˈbɔiləmeikə/ n.  1  a person who makes boilers 锅炉制造(或修理、装配)工 2  a metalworker in heavy industry (重工业中的)金属加工工人

boiler room n.  a room with a boiler and other heating equipment, esp. in the basement of a large building (尤指大建筑物地下室里的)锅炉房，锅炉间

boiler suit n. Brit.  a one-piece suit worn as overalls for heavy manual work [英]连衫裤式工作服

boiling /ˈbɔiliŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 boiling hot) colloq.  very hot [口]滚热的，酷热的

boiling point n.  1  the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil 沸点 2  a state of high excitement (激烈情绪的)爆发点  feelings reached boiling point  情绪达到了高潮

boisterous /ˈbɔist(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of a person) rough; noisily exuberant (人)粗鲁的，爱闹的 2 (of the sea, weather, etc.) stormy, rough (海、天气等)狂暴的，猛烈的 □ boisterously  adv.  □ boisterousness  n.   [variant of Middle English boist(u)ous, of unknown origin]

bolas /ˈbəʊləs/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数) (esp. in S. America) a missile consisting of a number of balls connected by strong cord, which when thrown entangles the limbs of the quarry (尤指在南美的)流星锤；套牛绳球 [Spanish & Portuguese, pl. of bola ‘ball’]

bold /bəʊld/ adj.  1  confidently assertive; adventurous, courageous 有信心的；大胆的；需要冒风险的；勇敢的 2  forthright, impudent 直率的，唐突的，鲁莽的 3  vivid, distinct, well-marked 活跃的，醒目的，显著的，轮廓清晰的  bold colours  醒目的色彩 a bold imagination  自由驰骋的想像力 4 (in full 全形 boldface or boldfaced)  printed in a thick black typeface 黑体的，粗体的；以黑体排印的 □ as bold as brass   excessively bold or self-assured 极其胆大妄为的；极为唐突放肆的，极为粗率无理的□ make (or be) so bold as to   presume to; venture to 不揣冒昧…，不顾唐突…□ boldly  adv.  □ boldness  n.   [Old English bald ‘dangerous’, from Germanic]

bole1 /bəʊl/ n.  the stem or trunk of a tree 树干，树身 [Middle English from Old Norse bolr, perhaps related to BAULK]

bole2 /bəʊl/ n.  fine compact earthy clay 红玄武土 [Late Latin BOLUS]

bolero /bəˈlɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a Spanish dance in simple triple time 波列罗舞(一种较快的三拍子节奏的西班牙舞)b  music for or in the time of a bolero 波列罗舞曲 2 /also 亦作 ˈbɒlərəʊ/  a woman's short open jacket 前胸敞开的女短外套 [Spanish]

boletus /bəˈli:təs/ n.  a mushroom or toadstool of the genus Boletus, with pores on the underside of the cap 牛肝菌属真菌 [Latin, = mushroom]

bolivar /bɒliˈvɑ:, bɒˈli:vɑ:/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Venezuela 博利瓦(委内瑞拉货币单位) [S. Bolívar (d. 1830), a S. American soldier and statesman]

Bolivia   玻利维亚

Bolivian /bəˈliviən/ adj. & n.  玻利维亚的(人)

boliviano /bəliviˈɑ:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the basic monetary unit of Bolivia (1863 － 1962 and since 1987), equal to 100 centavos or cents 玻利维亚诺 (1863 至 1962 年， 1987 年至今的玻利维亚基本货币单位，相当于 100 分) [BOLIVAR]

boll /bəʊl/ n.  a rounded capsule containing seeds, esp. flax or cotton (尤指亚麻、棉的)圆荚，铃 [Middle English from Middle Dutch bolle ‘rounded object’: related to BOWL1]

bollard /ˈbɒlɑ:d, -ləd/ n.  1 Brit.  a short metal, concrete, or plastic post in the road, esp. as part of a traffic island [英] (行人安全岛的)护柱 2  a short post on a quay or ship for securing a rope (码头或船上的)系船柱，带缆桩 [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse bolr BOLE1 + -ARD]

Bollinger /ˈbɒlindʒə/ n. propr.  a type of champagne from the Champagne area of France [商标] (法国香槟地区所产的)博林杰香槟酒 [name of the Bollinger family who produce it]

bollocking /ˈbɒləkiŋ/ n. esp. Brit. coarse slang  a severe reprimand [尤英] [粗俗俚语]臭骂

bollocks /ˈbɒləks/ n. (also 亦作 ballocks) esp. Brit. coarse slang [尤英] [粗俗俚语]  1  the testicles 睾丸 2 (usu. as an exclamation of contempt) nonsense, rubbish 胡说八道，一团糟(通常作为一种轻蔑的叫喊) [Old English bealluc, related to BALL1]

boll-weevil n.  a small American or Mexican weevil, Anthonomus grandis, whose larvae destroy cotton bolls 棉铃象甲

bologna /bəˈləʊnjə, bəˈlɒnjə/ n.  = BOLOGNA SAUSAGE 

Bologna sausage n.  a large smoked sausage made of bacon, veal, pork suet, and other meats, and sold ready for eating (意大利波洛尼亚)大红肠 [Bologna in Italy]

bolometer /bəˈlɒmitə/ n.  a sensitive electrical instrument for measuring radiant energy 辐射热测定器 □ bolometry  n.  □ bolometric  /bəʊləˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek bolē ‘ray’ + -METER]

boloney var.  of BALONEY  BALONEY 的变体

Bolshevik /ˈbɒlʃivik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist.  a member of the Russian Social Democratic party, which became the Communist party in 1918 [史义]布尔什维克(俄国社会民主党中的多数派， 1918 年成为俄国共产党) 2  a Russian communist 俄(或联)共(布)党员 3 (in general use) any revolutionary socialist (一般用作)革命的社会主义者 ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of the Bolsheviks (有关)布尔什维克的，(有关)布尔什维性质的 2  communist 共产党的 □ Bolshevism  n.  □ Bolshevist  n.   [Russian, = a member of the majority, from the fact that this faction formed the majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903, from bol ′ she ‘greater’]

Bolshie /ˈbɒlʃi/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Bolshy) Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●adj. (usu. 通常作 bolshie)  1  uncooperative, rebellious, awkward; bad-tempered 不合作的，造反的，难对付的；爱大吵大闹的 2  left wing, socialist 左翼的；社会主义的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a Bolshevik 布尔什维克；共产党人 □ bolshiness  n. (in sense 1 of adj. 用于形容词释义 1)   [abbreviation of BOLSHEVIK]

bolster1 /ˈbəʊlstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long thick pillow 长枕，靠枕，垫枕 2  a pad or support, esp. in a machine 垫子，衬垫；(尤指机器中的)软垫，垫木，车架承梁 3 Building  a short timber cap over a post to increase the bearing of the beams it supports 【建筑术】托木 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  1  encourage, reinforce 鼓舞，支持  bolstered our morale  鼓舞我们的士气 2  support with a bolster; prop up (用支撑物)支撑，支承 □ bolsterer  n.   [Old English = cushion, from Germanic]

bolster2 /ˈbəʊlstə/ n.  a chisel for cutting bricks 砖工凿 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

bolt1 /bəʊlt/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a sliding bar and socket used to fasten or lock a door, gate, etc. (门、大门等上的)插销，闩，锁簧 2  a large usu. metal pin with a head, usu. riveted or used with a nut, to hold things together (通常金属制，用螺母固定物体的)螺栓 3  a discharge of lightning 闪电，霹雳 4  an act of bolting (cf. sense 4 of v. 参见动词释义 4); a sudden escape or dash for freedom 急奔，猛冲； 逃跑，逃脱 5  an arrow for shooting from a crossbow 弩箭，方镞箭 6  a roll of fabric (originally as a measure) (织物)一匹，一卷(原作为计量单位) ●v.  1 tr.  fasten or lock with a bolt (用门闩)闩(门)，锁住，(用螺栓)使合在一起 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  keep (a person etc.) from leaving or entering by bolting a door 闩门禁止(人等)离去(或进入) 3 tr.  fasten together with bolts (用螺栓)把…旋紧，(把门用门闩)闩住 4 intr.  a  dash suddenly away, esp. to escape 突然迅速离去(尤指逃跑)b (of a horse) suddenly gallop out of control (马)脱缰，突然狂奔 5 tr.  gulp down (food) unchewed; eat hurriedly 囫囵吞下(食物)，狼吞虎咽 6 intr. (of a plant) run to seed (植物)不到期结实 ●adv. (usu. in 通常用 bolt upright)  rigidly, stiffly 笔直地，不易弯地 □ a bolt from the blue   a complete surprise 晴天霹雳，大出意外□ bolt on   1  fasten by bolts 用螺栓固定 2  add as required 按需求增加□ shoot one's bolt   do all that is in one's power 竭尽全力，智穷才尽□ bolter  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)   [Old English bolt ‘arrow’]

bolt2 /bəʊlt/ v. tr. (also 亦作 boult)  sift (flour etc.) 筛(面粉等) [Middle English from Old French bulter, buleter, of unknown origin]

bolt-hole n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a means of escape 逃避的手段，漏洞，空子 2  a secret refuge 秘密避难所

bolt-on adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to be fastened or attached by bolts 可用螺栓固定(或装上)的 2  able to be added when required 根据需要可添加的 ●n.  a thing that can be bolted on 可用螺栓固定(或可以添加)的东西

bolus /ˈbəʊləs/ n. (pl. boluses)  1  a soft ball, esp. of chewed food (尤指咀嚼过的)一小团软食物 2  a large pill 大药丸 [Late Latin from Greek bōlos ‘clod’]

bomb /bɒm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a container with explosive, incendiary material, smoke, or gas etc., designed to explode on impact or by means of a lit fuse, time mechanism, or remote-control device (带炸弹、引燃物、烟、气等的)炸弹，爆炸装置b  an ordinary object fitted with an explosive device 装有爆炸装置的一般物品  letter bomb  书信炸弹 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the atomic or hydrogen bomb considered as a weapon with supreme destructive power 原子弹(或氢弹) 3 Brit. slang  a large sum of money [英] [俚语]大笔钱  cost a bomb  值大笔钱 4  a mass of solidified lava thrown from a volcano 火山弹(火山喷出的固化熔岩) 5 N. Amer. colloq.  a bad failure (esp. a theatrical one) [北美口] (尤指演出)大失败 6 Brit. slang  a drugged cigarette [英] [俚语]搀毒品的香烟 ●v.  1 tr.  attack with bombs; drop bombs on 轰炸，投弹于 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  drive (a person etc.) out of a building or refuge by using bombs 把(人等)炸得无家可归 3 intr.  throw or drop bombs 轰炸，投弹 4 intr. esp. US slang  fail badly [尤美] [俚语]大败，惨败 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, off) colloq.  move or go very quickly [口]疾行，飞驶 □ go down a bomb  Brit. colloq., often iron.  be very well received [英口] [常讽]很受欢迎□ like a bomb  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 often iron.  very successfully [常讽]大获成功 2  very fast 极快 [French bombe via Italian bomba and Latin bombus from Greek bombos ‘boom, hum’]

bombard /bɒmˈbɑ:d/ v. tr.  1  attack with a number of bombs, shells, etc. (炮弹、枪弹等)炮击，轰击 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  subject to persistent questioning, abuse, etc. 向…连续提出问题，不断攻击(痛斥等) 3 Physics  direct a stream of high-speed particles at (a substance) 【物理学】(以高速粒子束)轰击(某一物质) □ bombardment  n.   [French bombarder from bombarde, from medieval Latin bombarda ‘a stone-throwing engine’: see BOMB]

bombarde /ˈbɒmbɑ:d/ n. Mus.  a medieval alto-pitched shawm 【音】蓬巴德双簧管(中世纪的一种中音调肖姆管) [Old French bombarde, medieval Latin bombarda probably from Latin bombus (see BOMB)]

bombardier /bɒmbəˈdiə/ n.  1 Brit.  a non-commissioned officer in the artillery [英] (炮兵部队中的)炮兵军士 2 N. Amer.  a member of a bomber crew responsible for sighting and releasing bombs [北美]轰炸员，投弹手 [French (as BOMBARD)]

bombardon /ˈbɒmbɑ:d(ə)n/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a type of valved bass tuba 低音大号 2  an organ stop imitating this 低音大号音栓 [Italian bombardone from bombardo ‘bassoon’ (as BOMBARD)]

bombasine var.  of BOMBAZINE  BOMBAZINE 的变体

bombast /ˈbɒmbæst/ n.  pompous or extravagant language 浮夸的言语，大话 □ bombastic  /-ˈbæstik/ adj.  □ bombastically  /-ˈbæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [earlier bombace ‘cotton wool’, via French from medieval Latin bombax -acis, alteration of bombyx: see BOMBAZINE]

Bombay /bɒmˈbei/ n.  孟买 [印度港市]

Bombay duck /bɒmˈbei/ n.  a dried fish, esp. bummalo, usu. eaten with curried dishes (通常与咖喱一起食用)咸龙头鱼干 [corruption of BUMMALO; influenced by Bombay, city in India]

bombazine /ˈbɒmbəzi:n/ n. (also 亦作 bombasine)  a twilled dress material of worsted with or without an admixture of silk or cotton, esp., when black, formerly used for mourning (尤指旧时用作丧服、黑色的)邦巴辛毛葛 [French bombasin via medieval Latin bombacinum and Late Latin bombycinus ‘silken’, from bombyx -ycis ‘silk or silkworm’, from Greek bombux]

bomb bay n.  a compartment in an aircraft used to hold bombs (飞机上的)炸弹舱

bomb disposal n.  the defusing or removal and detonation of an unexploded bomb 未爆弹处理

bombe /bɒmb, 法 bɔ˜b/ n.  a dome-shaped dish or confection, often frozen (冷冻)圆顶形甜点 [French, = BOMB]

bombed /bɒmd/ adj.  1  subjected to bombing 受到轰炸的，遭受轰炸的 2 slang  intoxicated by drink or drugs [俚语]烂醉的；因吸毒而晕晕忽忽的

bombed-out adj.  1 (of a person) driven out by bombing (人)住处遭空袭炸毁而无家可归的 2 (of a building etc.) rendered uninhabitable by bombing (建筑物等)被炸得不能居住的 3 slang [俚语]  = BOMBED 2 

bomber /ˈbɒmə/ n.  1  an aircraft equipped to carry and drop bombs 轰炸机 2  a person using bombs, esp. illegally 投弹手(尤指非法投掷炸弹者)

bomber jacket n.  a short leather or cloth jacket tightly gathered at the waist and cuffs (腰际及袖口有松紧带的)短夹克

bombora /bɒmˈbɔ:rə/ n. Austral.  a dangerous sea area where waves break over a submerged reef [澳] (波浪盖着暗礁的)危险水域 [Aboriginal, perhaps Dharuk bumbora]

bombproof /ˈbɒmpru:f/ adj.  strong enough to resist the effects of blast from a bomb 防炸的，防弹的

bombshell /ˈbɒmʃel/ n.  1  an overwhelming surprise or disappointment 引起轰动(或震惊)的事(或人)，出人意料的事(或人) 2  an artillery bomb 炸弹，炮弹 3 slang  a very attractive woman [俚语]美女，性感少妇  blonde bombshell  金发碧眼的美女

bombsight /ˈbɒmsait/ n.  a device in an aircraft for aiming bombs 轰炸瞄准器

bomb-site n.  an area where buildings have been destroyed by bombs 轰炸后的废墟

bomb squad n.  a division of a police force investigating crimes involving bombs (调查与炸弹有关的犯罪的)警察小分队

bona fide /ˌbəʊnə ˈfaidi/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  genuine; sincere 真正的，真诚的，守信的 ●adv.  genuinely; sincerely 真正地，真诚地，守信地 [Latin, ablative sing. of BONA FIDES]

bona fides /ˌbəʊnə ˈfaidi:z/ n.  1 esp. Law.  an honest intention; sincerity (尤)【法律】诚意，善意 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数) colloq.  documentary evidence of acceptability [口]令人满意的书面证据  his bona fides are in order  他的书面证据合乎逻辑 [Latin, = good faith]

bonanza /bəˈnænzə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a source of wealth or prosperity 财源，繁荣之源 2  a large output (esp. of a mine) (尤指矿)富矿脉 3  a  prosperity; good luck 兴隆；幸运b  a run of good luck 接二连三的好运 ●adj.  greatly prospering or productive 极为兴旺(或多产)的 [originally US from Spanish, = fair weather, from Latin bonus ‘good’]

bona vacantia /ˌbəʊnə vəˈkæntiə/ n. Law  goods without an apparent owner and to which the Crown has right 【法律】无主财物(或货物)，无人继承的动产 [Latin, = ownerless goods]

bon-bon /ˈbɒnbɒn/ n.  a piece of confectionery; a sweet 夹心糖，糖果 [French from bon ‘good’ from Latin bonus]

bonce /bɒns/ n. Brit. [英]  1 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 2  a large marble 大弹子，(男孩玩的)弹子游戏 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bond /bɒnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thing that ties another down or together 捆绑物，捆扎物；联结物b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a thing restraining bodily freedom 镣铐，枷锁  broke his bonds  砸碎了他的枷锁 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a  a uniting force 结合(力)；联结，联系  sisterly bond  姊妹般的关系b  a restraint; a responsibility 约束(力)；责任，义务  bonds of duty  职责的约束 3  a binding engagement; an agreement 契约，票据，合同  his word is his bond  他是讲信用的 4 Commerce 【商业】  a  a certificate issued by a government or a public company promising to repay borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest at a specified time; a debenture 公债；债券b  an insurance policy held by a travel agent, tour operator, airline, etc., which protects travellers' holidays and money from the company's bankruptcy (旅行代理人、旅游经营者、航空公司等的)保险单 5  adhesiveness 黏合，黏合剂，黏结剂 6 Law  a deed by which a person is bound to make payment to another 【法律】付款保证书 7 Chem.  a linkage between atoms in a chemical compound 【化】键 8 Building  the laying of bricks in one of various patterns in a wall in order to ensure strength 【建筑术】(砌墙时的)砌合，砌式  English bond  英国式砌合 Flemish bond  荷兰式砌合 ●v.  1 tr.  a  lay (bricks) overlapping 砌合(砖)b  bind together (resin with fibres, etc.) 使(树脂与纤维等)黏合，使结合 2 intr.  adhere; hold together 粘合，结合，连在一起 3 tr.  connect with a bond (用约束力)连接起来 4 tr.  place (goods) in bond 把(货物)存入关栈 5  a intr.  become emotionally attached (感情上)恋恋不舍b tr.  link by an emotional or psychological bond 团结在一起 □ in bond  (of goods) stored in a bonded warehouse until the importer pays the duty owing (see 见 BONDED) (货物)在关栈中 [Middle English variant of BAND1]

bondage /ˈbɒndidʒ/ n.  1  serfdom; slavery 奴隶制，奴役 2  subjection to constraint, influence, obligation, etc. 受限制(或影响、合同等)的束缚 3  sadomasochistic practices, including the use of physical restraints or mental enslavement (肉体、精神上的)施虐受虐行为 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin bondagium: influenced by BOND]

bonded /ˈbɒndid/ adj.  1 (of goods) placed in bond (货物)存放关栈待完税的 2 (of material) reinforced by or cemented to another (材料)黏合的，接合的 3  a (of a debt) secured by bonds (债务)以债券作保证的，抵押的b (of a travel company etc.) protected by a bond (see 见 BOND n. 4b) (旅游公司等)通过保险单(游客)受保护的

bonded warehouse n.  a customs-controlled warehouse for the retention of imported goods until the duty owed is paid 关栈，保税仓库

bondholder /ˈbɒndhəʊldə/ n.  a person holding a bond or bonds granted by a private person or a public company 债券持有人

bond paper n.  high-quality writing paper (纸质优良的)证券纸，文件纸

bondsman /ˈbɒn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a slave 奴隶 2  a person in thrall to another 被奴役者 [variant of bondman (from archaic bond in serfdom or slavery) as though from bond's genitive of BOND]

bond-washing n. Brit.  dividend-stripping [英]证券回买(逃避股息税)

bone /bəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the pieces of hard tissue making up the skeleton in vertebrates 骨，骨头 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the skeleton, esp. as remains after death 骨骼，(尤指死后保存下来的)尸骸b  the body, esp. as a seat of intuitive feeling (尤指作为直觉之所在的)身体，内心  felt it in my bones  我深深地感觉到它 3  a  the calcified material of which bones consist 骨质，骨质物b  a similar substance such as ivory, dentine, or whalebone 骨状物(如象牙、齿质、鲸须) 4  a thing made of bone 骨制品 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the essential part of a thing 基本要点，本质部分  the bare bones  基本要点，梗概 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a  dice 骰子b  castanets (打拍子用的)响板 7  a strip of stiffening in a corset etc. (支撑妇女紧身胸衣等的)鲸骨 ●v.  1 tr.  take out the bones from (meat or fish) 剔去(肉或鱼)的骨 2 tr.  stiffen (a garment) with bone etc. 用鲸骨(或钢架等)撑起(妇女上衣) 3 tr. Brit. slang  steal [英] [俚语]偷 □ bone up  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  study (a subject) intensively [口]苦苦钻研(某学科)□ close to (or near) the bone   1  a  tactless to the point of offensiveness 不策略的，不圆通的b  near the limit of decency 近乎下流的 2  destitute; hard up 缺乏的，贫困的；手头儿紧□ have a bone to pick  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  have a cause for dispute (with another person) 同(他人)有争端要解决□ make no bones about   1  admit or allow without fuss 直言不讳 2  not hesitate or scruple 毫不犹豫(或迟疑)□ point the bone  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at) Austral. [澳]  1  wish bad luck on 诅咒…倒霉 2  cast a spell on in order to kill 以凶符骨指向…咒其去死□ to the bone   1  to the bare minimum 到极点 2  penetratingly 深入骨髓，到骨头□ work one's fingers to the bone   work very hard, esp. thanklessly 不住手地干(尤指徒劳)□ boneless  adj.   [Old English bɑˉn, from Germanic]

bone china n.  fine china made of clay mixed with the ash from bones 骨灰瓷(一种以瓷土与骨灰混合烧制成的瓷器)

bone dry adj.  completely dry 干透的，十分干燥的

bonefish /ˈbəʊnfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同) N. Amer.  any of several species of large game fish, esp. Albula vulpes, having many small bones [北美]大型游钓鱼(尤指北梭鱼)

bonehead /ˈbəʊnhed/ n. slang  a stupid person [俚语]笨蛋，傻瓜 □ boneheaded  adj.  

bone idle adj. (also 亦作 bone lazy)  utterly idle or lazy 懒透了的，懒到极点的

bone marrow  see 见 MARROW 2 

bone meal /ˈbəʊnmi:l/ n.  crushed or ground bones used esp. as a fertilizer 骨粉(尤用作肥料)

bone of contention n.  a source or ground of dispute 争端的起因，争议点

boner /ˈbəʊnə/ n. slang  a stupid mistake [俚语]愚蠢可笑的错误 [BONE + -ER1]

bone-setter n.  a person who sets broken or dislocated bones, esp. without being a qualified surgeon (尤指无行医资格的)正骨者

boneshaker /ˈbəʊnʃeikə/ n.  1  a decrepit or uncomfortable old vehicle 破旧摇晃的车子；粗陋的车辆 2  an old type of bicycle with solid tyres 实心轮胎的老式自行车

bone spavin n.  1  osteoarthritis or osteitis of the hock in horses (马跗关节的)骨关节炎(或骨炎) 2  a swelling due to this (由上述炎症引起的)肿胀

bonfire /ˈbɒnfaiə/ n.  a large open-air fire, for burning rubbish, as part of a celebration, or as a signal (为销毁垃圾而燃的)火堆；(作为信号而燃的)篝火 □ make a bonfire of   destroy by burning 烧毁，消灭，毁掉 [earlier bonefire from BONE (bones being the chief material formerly used) + FIRE]

Bonfire Night n. Brit. 5 Nov., on which fireworks are displayed and an effigy of Guy Fawkes burnt (see 见 GUY1) [英]篝火之夜(指 11 月 5 日，这一夜燃放烟火和烧毁盖伊·福克斯的模拟像)

bongo1 /ˈbɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  either of a pair of small long-bodied drums usu. held between the knees and played with the fingers 邦戈鼓，小手鼓(通常夹在两膝间，用手指击打) [Latin American Spanish bongó]

bongo2 /ˈbɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  a rare antelope, Tragelaphus euryceros, native to the forests of central Africa, having spiralled horns and a chestnut-red coat with narrow white vertical stripes 紫羚羊，邦戈羚(产于非洲中部，角扭旋、皮红褐色，身上有狭窄垂直白条纹) [Congolese]

bonhomie /ˈbɒnəmi:/ n.  geniality; good-natured friendliness 温和，和蔼；友好 [French from bonhomme ‘good fellow’]

bonhomous /ˈbɒnəməs/ adj.  full of bonhomie 和蔼的，愉快的

bonito /bəˈni:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any of various striped tuna of warm seas 鲣(等金枪鱼科鱼类) [Spanish]

bonk /bɒŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hit resoundingly 敲打 2 intr.  bang; bump 猛击，猛撞；碰，撞 3 Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语]  a intr.  have sexual intercourse 交媾b tr.  have sexual intercourse with 和…交媾 ●n.  an instance of bonking 碰撞  a bonk on the head  撞了头 [imitative: cf. BANG, BUMP, CONK2]

bonkers /ˈbɒŋkəz/ predic. adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

bon mot /bɒn ˈməʊ/ n. (pl. bons mots pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /-məʊz/)  a witty saying 名言，妙语 [French, = good word]

Bonn /bɒn/ n.  波恩 [德国城市]

bonne bouche /bɒn bu:ʃ, 法 bɔn buʃ/ n. (pl. bonne bouches or bonnes bouches pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a titbit, esp. to end a meal with (尤指用餐时留作最后一口的)美味 [French from bonne fem. ‘good’ + bouche ‘mouth’]

bonnet /ˈbɒnit/ n.  1  a  a woman's or child's hat tied under the chin and usu. with a brim framing the face (颏下可系带子的)女帽，童帽(通常带帽边)b  a soft round brimless hat like a beret worn by men and boys in Scotland (cf. 参见 TAM-O'-SHANTER) (苏格兰男人或男孩戴的)无边软帽c colloq.  any hat [口]帽子 2 Brit.  a hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle [英] (汽车)引擎罩 3  the ceremonial feathered headdress of an American Indian (北美印第安人的)羽毛头饰 4  the cowl of a chimney etc. (烟囱等的)罩 5  a protective cap in various machines 机器罩 6 Naut.  additional canvas laced to the foot of a sail 【海】副底帆，辅助帆 □ bonneted  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bonet from medieval Latin abonnis ‘headgear’]

bonnethead /ˈbɒnithed/ n.  a hammerhead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, with a relatively narrow head Also called 亦称作 shovelhead 窄头双髻鲨

bonnet monkey n.  an Indian macaque, Macaca radiata, with a bonnet-like tuft of hair 帽猴(产于印度，头部毛发浓密似帽)

bonny /ˈbɒni/ adj. (also 亦作 bonnie) (bonnier, bonniest) esp. Sc. & N. Engl. [尤苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  a  physically attractive 好看的，健美的b  healthy-looking 健康的 2  good, fine, pleasant 漂亮的，美好的，悦人耳目的 □ bonnily  adv.  □ bonniness  n.   [15th c.: perhaps from Old French bon ‘good’]

bonsai /ˈbɒnsai/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the art of cultivating ornamental artificially dwarfed varieties of trees and shrubs 盆景艺术 2 (also 亦作 bonsai tree)  a tree or shrub grown by this method 盆景 [Japanese, from bon ‘tray’ + sai ‘planting’]

bonspiel /ˈbɒnspi:l/ n. esp. Sc.  a curling match [尤苏格兰]掷冰壶比赛，冰上溜石游戏 [16th c.: perhaps from Low German]

bontebok /ˈbɒntəbɒk/ n. (also 亦作 bontbok /ˈbɒntbɒk/) (pl. same 单复同 or -boks)  a large chestnut antelope, Damaliscus dorcas, native to southern Africa, having a white tail and a white patch on its head and rump 南非白纹大羚羊 [Afrikaans from bont ‘spotted’ + bok BUCK1]

bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n.  1  an unsought or unexpected extra benefit 额外给与的好处 2  a  a usu. seasonal gratuity to employees beyond their normal pay (通常按季分发的)奖金b Brit.  an extra dividend or issue paid to the shareholders of a company [英]红利c Brit.  a distribution of profits to holders of an insurance policy [英] (分给参加保险者的)余利 [Latin bonus, bonum ‘good (thing)’]■Usage 用法说明 The phrase added bonus, although common, is regarded as tautologous by some people and is to be avoided in formal usage. 尽管短语 added bonus 很常用，但有人认为是赘述，在正式场合应避免使用。 

bon vivant /bɒ˜ vi:ˈvɒ˜/ n. (pl. bon vivants or bons vivants pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person indulging in good living; a gourmand 生活舒适讲究吃喝的人 [French, literally ‘good liver’, from vivre ‘to live’]

bon viveur /bɒ˜ vi:ˈvɜ:/ n. (pl. bon viveurs or bons viveurs pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = BON VIVANT  [pseudo-French, after bon vivant: viveur ‘a living person’]

bon voyage /bɒn vɔiˈjɑ:ʒ, bɔ˜ vwaˈjɑ:ʒ/ int. & n.  an expression of good wishes to a departing traveller 一路平安 [French, literally ‘good journey’]

bony /ˈbəʊni/ adj. (bonier, boniest)  1 (of a person) thin with prominent bones (人)骨头突出的，瘦削的 2  having many bones 多骨的 3  of or like bone 骨的，似骨的 4 (of a fish) having bones rather than cartilage (鱼)硬骨的 □ boniness  n.  

bonze /bɒnz/ n.  a Japanese or Chinese Buddhist priest (日本或中国佛教的)和尚，僧人 [French bonze or Portuguese bonzo, probably from Japanese bonzō, bonsō ‘priest’]

bonzer /ˈbɒnzə/ adj. Austral. slang  excellent, first-rate [澳] [俚语]卓越的，极好的，第一流的 [perhaps from BONANZA]

boo /bu:/ int., n. & v. ●int.  1  an expression of disapproval or contempt 嘘(表示不满、轻蔑时所发的声音) 2  a sound, made esp. to a child, intended to surprise 哟(使人感到吃惊，尤指对小孩所发出的声音) ●n.  an utterance of boo, esp. as an expression of disapproval or contempt made to a performer etc. 嘘声(尤指作为对演出者等不满、轻蔑的一种表示) ●v. (boos, booed)  1 intr.  utter a boo or boos 发出嘘声 2 tr.  jeer at (a performer etc.) by booing 嘘(某人)，向(演出者等)喝倒彩 □ can't (or wouldn't) say boo to a goose   is very shy or timid 非常羞怯 [imitative]

boob1 /bu:b/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1 Brit.  an embarrassing mistake [英]大错，过失 2  a simpleton 笨蛋，蠢人 ●v. intr. Brit.  make an embarrassing mistake [英]犯大错 [abbreviation of BOOBY]

boob2 /bu:b/ n. slang  a woman's breast [俚语] (女人的)乳房 [earlier bubby, booby, of uncertain origin]

booboo /ˈbu:bu:/ n. slang  a mistake [俚语] (大)错误 [BOOB1]

boobook /ˈbu:bʊk/ n. (in full 全称 boobook owl)  a brown spotted owl, Ninox novaeseelandiae, native to Australia and New Zealand 布布克鹰鸮 [imitative of its call]

boob tube n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  a woman's low-cut close-fitting usu. strapless top [英] (女性的)紧身胸衣(通常上方无吊带) 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) N. Amer.  television; one's television set [北美]电视，电视机

booby /ˈbu:bi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a stupid or childish person 笨蛋，傻瓜，呆子 2  a small gannet of the genus Sula 鲣鸟 [probably from Spanish bobo (in both senses) from Latin balbus ‘stammering’]

booby-hatch n. esp. US slang offens.  a psychiatric hospital [尤美] [俚语] [冒犯]精神病院，疯人院

booby prize n.  a prize given to the least successful competitor in a contest (给成绩最差者的)末名奖，安慰奖

booby trap n. & v. ●n.  1  a trap intended as a practical joke, e.g. an object placed on top of a door ajar ready to fall on the next person to pass through 陷阱(如置物于半开的门顶，有人开门时就打在头上的恶作剧) 2 Mil.  an apparently harmless explosive device intended to kill or injure anyone touching it 【军】饵雷，诡雷 ●v. tr. (booby-trap)  place a booby trap or traps in or on 设陷阱捕捉，在…处设置饵雷

boodle /ˈbu:d(ə)l/ n. slang  money, esp. when gained or used dishonestly, e.g. as a bribe [俚语]钱(尤指如作为贿赂的贿金) [Dutch boedel ‘possessions’]

boogie /ˈbu:ɡi/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (boogies, boogied, boogieing) slang  dance to pop music [俚语] (跟着流行音乐)跳舞 ●n.  1  = BOOGIE-WOOGIE  2 slang  a dance to pop music [俚语]流行音乐舞会 [20th c.: origin unknown]

boogie-woogie /bu:ɡiˈwu:ɡi/ n.  a style of playing blues or jazz on the piano, marked by a persistent bass rhythm (用钢琴演奏的)布基—伍基(一种布鲁斯乐曲或爵士乐曲) [probably from BOOGIE]

boohoo /bu:ˈhu:/ int. & v. ●int.  expressing weeping (表示悲泣)呜呜 ●v. intr. (boohoos, boohooed) (esp. of a child) weep loudly (尤指小孩)号哭，大声哭泣 [imitative]

book /bʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers 书，书本，书籍b  a literary composition intended for publication 著作，专著  is working on her book  正在写她的专著 2  a bound set of blank sheets for writing or keeping records in 本子，簿册 3  a set of tickets, stamps, matches, cheques, samples of cloth, etc., bound up together (装在一起的票、邮票、支票、布样等)本，册，簿；(火柴)一纸板 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a set of records or accounts 记录簿(或账册) 5  a main division of a literary work, or of the Bible (文学作品或《圣经》的)卷；篇；部  the Book of Deuteronomy  《申命记》 6 (in full 全称 book of words)  a libretto, script of a play, etc. (歌剧的)唱词；(戏剧的)剧本 7 colloq.  a magazine [口]杂志 8  a telephone directory 电话簿  his number's in the book  他的电话号码在电话簿上 9  a record of bets made and money paid out at a race meeting by a bookmaker (赛马的)赌注登录；登录赌注 10  a set of six tricks collected together in a card game (桥牌等中)完成定约的牌墩数 11  an imaginary record or list 想像中的记录(或名单)  the book of life  人生的记录 ●v.  1 tr.  a  engage (a seat etc.) in advance; make a reservation of 预约(座位等)，预订b  engage (a guest, supporter, etc.) for some occasion (为某一活动)预先安排(客人、支持者等) 2 tr.  a  take the personal details of (an offender or rule-breaker) 警方记下(犯法、违规者的)个人详细资料b  enter in a book or list 把…记录在册，登记 3 tr.  issue a railway etc. ticket to 把(火车票等)发给(配给)… 4 intr.  make a reservation 订，预订  no need to book  不需预订 □ book in  esp. Brit.  register one's arrival at a hotel etc. [尤英] (住入旅馆等)办理登记手续□ book up   1 Brit.  buy tickets in advance for a theatre, concert, holiday, etc. [英] (为看戏、听音乐、度假等)预订(票) 2 (as 作 booked up adj.)  with all places reserved 被预订一空的；预约满了的□ bring to book   call to account 要求作出解释，要求说明原委□ go by the book   proceed according to the rules 一丝不苟，照章办事；依照惯例□ in a person's bad (or good) books   in disfavour (or favour) with a person 失去(或得到)某人的好感，失(得)宠于某人□ in my book   in my opinion 按我个人看法□ make a book (or US [美] make book)   take bets and pay out winnings at a race meeting (在赛马等中)接受(并代下)赌注□ not in the book   disallowed 是不允许的□ on the books   contained in a list of members etc. (会员等)已注册的，已登记入册的；记录在案的□ suits my book  Brit.  is convenient to me [英]正合我意□ take a leaf out of a person's book   imitate a person 学某人的样子□ throw the book at  colloq.  charge or punish to the utmost [口]尽量加罪名；从严惩罚□ booker  n.   [Old English bōc (n.), bōcian (v.), from Germanic, usu. taken to be related to BEECH (the bark of which was used for writing on)]

bookable /ˈbʊkəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that may be reserved or engaged in advance 可预订的 2 Football (of an offence) serious enough to be entered in the referee's book 【足球】(犯规) (严重到裁判)要记录的，要吃牌的

bookbinder /ˈbʊkbaində/ n.  a person who binds books professionally 装订工人 □ bookbinding  n.  

bookcase /ˈbʊkkeis/ n.  a set of shelves for books in the form of a cabinet 书橱

book club n.  a society which sells its members selected books on special terms 购书会(该组织以特定的条件向该会员出售精选的书籍)

bookend /ˈbʊkend/ n.  a usu. ornamental prop used to keep a row of books upright, esp. one of a pair (尤指一对中的一个)书立，书挡(通常具装饰性的挡头)

bookie /ˈbʊki/ n. colloq. [口]  = BOOKMAKER 

booking /ˈbʊkiŋ/ n.  the act or an instance of booking or being booked (see 见 BOOK v. 1, 2) 预订，预约

booking clerk n. Brit.  an official selling tickets at a railway station etc. [英] (火车站等的)售票员

booking hall n. Brit.  a room or area at a railway station in which tickets are sold [英] (火车站的)售票厅(区)

booking office n.  a place where tickets are sold, esp. at a railway station or theatre (尤指火车站、戏院的)售票处

bookish /ˈbʊkiʃ/ adj.  1  studious; fond of reading 好学习的，喜欢读书的 2  acquiring knowledge from books rather than practical experience 只有书本知识的，学究式的 3 (of a word, language, etc.) literary; not colloquial (词、语言等)书面语的；非口语的 □ bookishly  adv.  □ bookishness  n.  

bookkeeper /ˈbʊkki:pə/ n.  a person who keeps accounts for a trader, a public office, etc. (商人的)记账人；(政府机关等的)簿记员 □ bookkeeping  n.  

bookland /ˈbʊklænd/ n. Brit. hist.  an area of common land granted by charter to a private owner (from an earlier sense of book = charter) [英史义] (经君主特准)授予私人的公地(源于 book 的早期释义为“特权法令”)

book learning n.  mere theory (无实际经验的)书本知识

booklet /ˈbʊklit/ n.  a small book consisting of a few sheets usu. with paper covers (通常为纸面的)小册子

book-louse n.  a minute insect of the order Psocoptera, often damaging to books 书虱

bookmaker /ˈbʊkmeikə/ n.  a person who takes bets, esp. on horse races, calculates odds, and pays out winnings (尤指赛马)赌注登记经纪人 □ bookmaking  n.  

bookman /ˈbʊkmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a literary man, esp. a reviewer 作家，学者，文人(尤指评论家)

bookmark /ˈbʊkmɑ:k/ n.  a strip of leather, card, etc., used to mark one's place in a book (皮革、卡片等做的)书签

bookmobile /ˈbʊkməˌbi:l/ n. N. Amer.  a mobile library [北美]流动图书馆 [on the pattern of AUTOMOBILE]

book of words  see 见 BOOK n. 6 

bookplate /ˈbʊkpleit/ n.  a decorative label stuck in the front of a book, bearing the owner's name 藏书者标签(常贴于书前页，上有书主人的姓名)

book-rest n.  an adjustable support for an open book on a table (桌上的)看书架(供放置摊开的书)

bookseller /ˈbʊkselə/ n. esp. Brit.  a dealer in books [尤英]书商

bookshelf /ˈbʊkʃelf/ n. (pl. -shelves)  a shelf on which books can be stored 书架

bookshop /ˈbʊkʃɒp/ n.  a shop where books are sold 书店

bookstall /ˈbʊkstɔ:l/ n.  a stand for selling books, newspapers, etc., esp. out of doors or at a station etc. (尤指户外或车站旁的)书亭，书摊(报摊等)

bookstore /ˈbʊkstɔ:/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BOOKSHOP 

booksy /ˈbʊksi/ adj. Brit. colloq.  having literary or bookish pretensions [英口]喜欢读书的，书呆子气的

book token n. Brit.  a voucher which can be exchanged for books to a specified value [英]购书代价券，购书券

book value n.  the value of a commodity as entered in a firm's books (opp. 反义 MARKET VALUE) 账面价值

bookwork /ˈbʊkwɜ:k/ n.  the study of books (as opposed to practical work) 书本的钻研，书本知识的运用(与实际工作相对)

bookworm /ˈbʊkwɜ:m/ n.  1 colloq.  a person devoted to reading [口]极爱读书者，书呆子 2  the larva of a moth or beetle which feeds on the paper and glue used in books 蛀书虫，蠹鱼

Boolean /ˈbu:liən/ adj.  denoting a system of algebraic notation to represent logical propositions 布尔数学(或逻辑)体系的 [G. Boole, English mathematician d. 1864]

Boolean logic n.  the use of the logical operators ‘and’, ‘or’, and ‘not’ in retrieving information from a computer database 布尔逻辑(利用逻辑运算符“与”，“或”和“否”，对计算机数据库的信息进行检索)

boom1 /bu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a deep resonant sound 低沉有回响的声音 ●v. intr.  make or speak with a boom 发出低沉有回响的声音 [imitative]

boom2 /bu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a period of prosperity or sudden activity in commerce (商业的)繁荣(期)，迅速发展(期) ●v. intr. (esp. of commercial ventures) be suddenly prosperous or successful (尤指商业冒险)突然地繁荣(或成功) □ boomlet  n.   [19th-c. US word, perhaps from BOOM1]

boom3 /bu:m/ n.  1 Naut.  a pivoted spar to which the foot of a sail is attached, allowing the angle of the sail to be changed 【海】帆的下桁，帆杆(牵拉帆下部的圆材，可使帆的角度发生变化) 2  a long pole over a television or film set, carrying a microphone or other equipment 话筒吊杆；(摄影机升降架的)支臂 3  a floating barrier across the mouth of a harbour or river (设于港口或河口的)流木挡栅，水栅 [Dutch, = BEAM n. ‘tree, pole’]

boom box n. slang [俚语]  = GHETTO BLASTER 

boomer /ˈbu:mə/ n.  1  a large male kangaroo 大雄袋鼠 2  a large wave 巨浪

boomerang /ˈbu:məræŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a curved flat hardwood missile used by Australian Aboriginals to kill prey, and often of a kind able to return in flight to the thrower 回飞标(澳大利亚土著人用作狩猎的一种飞标，如击不中目标能飞回原处) 2  a plan or scheme that recoils on its originator 自食其果的计划(计谋) ●v. intr.  1  act as a boomerang (如同回飞标般)扔出后飞回原处 2 (of a plan or action) backfire (计划、行为)使人自食其果 [Dharuk bumariny]

boomslang /ˈbu:mslæŋ/ n.  a venomous tree-snake, Dispholidus typus, native to southern Africa 非洲树蛇(产于南非的一种有毒的树蛇) [Afrikaans from boom ‘tree’ + slang ‘snake’]

boom town n.  a town undergoing sudden growth due to a boom (由于商业繁荣而迅速发展的)新兴城镇

boon1 /bu:n/ n.  1  an advantage; a blessing 裨益；恩惠 2 archaic [古义]  a  a thing asked for; a request 祈求的东西；请求b  a gift; a favour 赠物；赐物 [Middle English, originally = prayer, via Old Norse bón from Germanic]

boon2 /bu:n/ adj.  close, intimate, favourite 亲近的，亲密的，中意的  usu. 通常作 boon companion  好友 [Middle English (originally = jolly, congenial) via Old French bon from Latin bonus ‘good’]

boondock /ˈbu:ndɒk/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer. slang  rough or isolated country [北美] [俚语]穷乡僻壤，边远的乡村地区 [Tagalog bundok ‘mountain’]

boondoggle /ˈbu:ndɒɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n.  1  a trivial or useless undertaking 琐碎无用的工作 2  a dishonest undertaking; a fraud 欺骗性的事；欺骗(行为) ●v. intr.  take part in a trivial, useless, or dishonest undertaking 做琐碎无用的工作；干欺骗性的事情 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

boonies /ˈbu:niz/ n. pl. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  = BOONDOCK 

boor /bʊə/ n.  1  a rude, ill-mannered person 粗野(无礼)的人 2  a clumsy person 愚钝的人 □ boorish  adj.  □ boorishly  adv.  □ boorishness  n.   [Low German būr or Dutch boer ‘farmer’: cf. BOWER3]

boost /bu:st/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  promote or increase the reputation of (a person, scheme, commodity, etc.) by praise or advertising; push; increase or assist 替(人、计划、商品等)作广告，宣扬；推动，提高，增强  boosted his spirits  他养精蓄锐 boost sales  增加销售额b  push from below; assist 推，举，抬；帮助  boosted me up the tree  推我上树 2  a  raise the voltage in (an electric circuit etc.) 提高(电路等的)电压b  amplify (a radio signal) 放大(无线电讯号) ●n.  1  an act, process, or result of boosting; a push 一举，一抬，一推  asked for a boost up the hill  请求推上山 2  a  an advertisement campaign 广告，宣扬b  the resulting advance in value, reputation, etc. (价值、名誉等的)提高 [19th-c. US word: origin unknown]

booster /ˈbu:stə/ n.  1  a device for increasing electrical power or voltage 增强放大器；增压机，升压器 2  an auxiliary engine or rocket used to give initial acceleration 辅助发动机；火箭助推器 3 Med.  a dose of an immunizing agent increasing or renewing the effect of an earlier one 【医】(增强药效的)辅助药剂，激发剂 4  a person who boosts by helping or encouraging 狂热的支持者，热情的鼓动者

boot1 /bu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outer covering for the foot, esp. of leather, reaching above the ankle, often to the knee (尤指皮革制的)靴，(脚踝以上的)短筒靴，(及膝的)长筒靴 2 Brit.  the luggage compartment of a motor car, usu. at the rear [英] (通常设在汽车后部的)行李箱 3 colloq.  a firm kick [口]狠踢 4 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  dismissal, esp. Brit. from employment [口]打发走；[尤英]解雇  gave them the boot  解雇了他们 5  a covering to protect the lower part of a horse's leg (马的)皮护腿 6 hist.  an instrument of torture encasing and crushing the foot [史义]“铁靴子”(一种箝足夹腿的刑具) 7 derog.  a person [贬]人 ●v. tr.  1  kick, esp. hard (尤指猛)踢 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  dismiss (a person) forcefully 逐出，撵走；解雇(某人) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  put (a computer) in a state of readiness (cf. 参见 BOOTSTRAP 2) 启动(计算机)，引导装入程序 □ the boot (or N. Amer. [北美] shoe) is on the other foot (or leg)   the truth or responsibility is the other way round 情况正好相反□ die with one's boots on  (of a soldier etc.) die fighting (士兵等)阵亡；因公殉职，死于工作岗位□ put the boot in  Brit. [英]  1  kick brutally 猛踢 2  act decisively against a person (对他人)坚决地采取行动□ you bet your boots  slang  it is quite certain [俚语]尽打赌无妨，准保没错□ booted  adj.   [Middle English, from Old Norse bóti or Old French bote, of unknown origin]

boot2 /bu:t/ n.   □ to boot   as well; to the good; in addition 除此以外；有利；而且，加之 [originally = ‘advantage’: Old English bōt, from Germanic]

bootblack /ˈbu:tblæk/ n. N. Amer. esp. hist.  a person who polishes boots and shoes [北美] [尤史义]以擦皮鞋为业的人

bootboy /ˈbu:tbɔi/ n.  1  a boy employed to clean shoes 受雇擦皮鞋的男孩 2  a hooligan typically wearing heavy boots (穿厚重靴子的)小流氓

bootee /bu:ˈti:/ n.  1  a soft shoe, esp. a woollen one, worn by a baby 婴儿所穿的软鞋(常用毛线织成) 2  a woman's short boot 女用短筒靴

booth /bu:ð, bu:θ/ n.  1  a small temporary roofed structure of canvas, wood, etc., used esp. as a market stall, for puppet shows, etc. (帆布、木板等搭成，尤指用作售货棚或木偶表演用的)临时窝棚 2  an enclosure or compartment for various purposes, e.g. telephoning or voting (用于各种目的的)隔间(如公用电话间、投票室) 3  a set of a table and benches in a restaurant or bar (餐馆或酒吧里的)小开间，火车座 [Middle English, from Scandinavian]

bootjack /ˈbu:tdʒæk/ n.  a device for holding a boot by the heel to ease withdrawal of the leg V 字形脱靴器

bootlace /ˈbu:tleis/ n.  a cord or leather thong for lacing boots 靴带，鞋带

bootleg /ˈbu:tleɡ/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (esp. of liquor) smuggled; illicitly sold; pirated (尤指酒等)非法制造(或贩卖、运输)的 ●v. tr. (-legged, -legging)  make, distribute, or smuggle (illicit goods, esp. alcohol); pirate (a musical recording) 制造(分发或走私) (尤指酒等违法商品)；非法翻印，非法仿制(音乐唱片) ●n.  a pirated musical recording 非法仿制的音乐唱片 □ bootlegger  n.   [from the smugglers' practice of concealing bottles in their boots]

bootless /ˈbu:tlis/ adj. archaic  unavailing, useless [古义]无益的，无用的 [Old English bōtlēas (as BOOT2, LESS)]

bootlicker /ˈbu:tlikə/ n. colloq.  a person who behaves obsequiously or servilely; a toady [口]谄媚者，马屁精

bootmaker /ˈbu:tmeikə/ n.  a maker or manufacturer of boots and shoes 鞋(靴)匠(厂)

boots /bu:ts/ n. Brit.  a hotel servant who cleans boots and shoes, carries luggage, etc. [英] (旅馆中擦皮鞋及搬行李等的)杂役

bootstrap /ˈbu:tstræp/ n.  1  a loop at the back of a boot used to pull it on (靴筒后的)靴襻，拔靴带 2 Computing  a technique of loading a program into a computer by means of a few initial instructions which enable the introduction of the rest of the program from an input device 【计算】引导程序；自举技术 □ pull oneself up by one's bootstraps   better oneself by one's own efforts 靠自己的努力提高自己的地位(或改善自己的境况)

booty /ˈbu:ti/ n.  1  plunder gained esp. in war or by piracy (尤指在战争中或海上掠劫的)战利品，掠夺物 2 colloq.  something gained or won [口]获得物，奖品 [Middle English from Middle Low German būte, buite ‘exchange’, of uncertain origin]

booze /bu:z/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  alcoholic drink 酒，含酒精的饮料 2  the drinking of this 酒宴，狂饮  on the booze  痛饮 ●v. intr.  drink alcoholic liquor, esp. excessively or habitually (尤指过量或时常)饮酒，痛饮，暴饮 [earlier bouse, bowse, from Middle Dutch būsen ‘drink to excess’]

boozer /ˈbu:zə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who drinks alcohol, esp. to excess (尤指过量的)痛饮者 2 Brit.  a public house [英]酒店，酒馆

booze-up n. slang  a drinking bout [俚语]狂饮作乐聚会

boozy /ˈbu:zi/ adj. (boozier, booziest) colloq.  intoxicated; addicted to drink [口]喝醉酒的，有点醉的；嗜酒的 □ boozily  adv.  □ booziness  n.  

bop1 /bɒp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  = BEBOP  2 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a spell of dancing, esp. to pop music 博普舞(尤指伴以流行音乐)b  an organized social occasion for this 博普爵士舞会 ●v. intr. (bopped, bopping)  move or dance, esp. to pop music (尤指伴流行乐)曳步起舞 □ bopper  n.   [abbreviation of BEBOP]

bop2 /bɒp/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (bopped, bopping)  hit, punch lightly 击，轻打 ●n.  a light blow or hit (轻轻的)一击，一打 [imitative]

bora1 /ˈbɔ:rə/ n.  a strong cold dry NE wind blowing in the upper Adriatic 布拉风(亚得里亚海北部的一种强烈的干冷东北风) [Italian dialect from Latin boreas ‘north wind’: see BOREAL]

bora2 /ˈbɔ:rə/ n. Austral.  an Aboriginal rite in which boys are initiated into manhood [澳] (澳大利亚土著举行的)男孩成年仪式 [Kamilaroi buuru]

boracic /bəˈræsik/ adj.  of borax; containing boron 硼的，含硼的 [medieval Latin borax -acis: see BORAX]

boracic acid n.  = BORIC ACID 

borage /ˈbɒridʒ/ n.  a plant of the genus Borago, esp. Borago officinalis with bright blue flowers and hairy leaves both used as flavouring 琉璃苣(叶可作调味料) [Old French bourrache via medieval Latin borrago, perhaps from Arabic 'abū hurɑˉš ‘father of roughness’ (referring to the leaves)]

borak /ˈbɔ:ræk/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  banter, ridicule [澳新] [俚语]打趣，逗弄 [Australian pidgin, ultimately from Wathawurung burag ‘no, not’]

borane /ˈbɔ:rein/ n. Chem.  any of the hydrides of boron 【化】硼烷

borate /ˈbɔ:reit/ n.  a salt or ester of boric acid 硼酸盐，硼酸脂

borax /ˈbɔ:ræks/ n.  1  the mineral salt sodium borate, occurring in alkaline deposits as an efflorescence or as crystals 硼砂 2  the purified form of this salt, used in making glass and china, and as an antiseptic 硼酸钠 [Middle English via Old French boras and medieval Latin borax from Arabic būrak, from Persian būrah]

Borazon /ˈbɔ:rəzɒn/ n. propr.  a hard form of boron nitride, used as an abrasive [商标]博拉任(一种硼和氮的坚硬化合物，用作磨料) [BORON + AZO- nitrogen + -on]

borborygmus /bɔ:bəˈriɡməs/ n. (pl. borborygmi /-mai/)  a rumbling of gas in the intestines 腹鸣；肠鸣 □ borborygmic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek]

Bordeaux /bɔ:ˈdəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-ˈdəʊz/)  any of various red, white, or rosé wines from the district of Bordeaux in SW France 波尔多葡萄酒(法国西南部波尔多地区所产的红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒或玫瑰红葡萄酒)

Bordeaux mixture n.  a fungicide for vines, fruit trees, etc., composed of equal quantities of copper sulphate and calcium oxide in water 波尔多(混合)液(一种用等量硫酸铜、石灰和水配制，用于葡萄、果树等的杀真菌剂) [first used in the vineyards of Bordeaux in SW France]

bordello /bɔ:ˈdeləʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. N. Amer.  a brothel [尤北美]妓院 [Middle English (from Italian bordello) from Old French bordel ‘small farm’, diminutive of borde, ultimately from Frankish]

border /ˈbɔ:də/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the edge or boundary of anything, or the part near it 边，边缘，边沿 2  a  the line separating two political or geographical areas, esp. countries 边界(尤指国界)b  the district on each side of this 边界地区，边境，边疆c (the Border)  a particular boundary and its adjoining districts, esp. between Scotland and England (usu. 通常作 the Borders), or Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland 特定的边界及其临近地区，(尤指)苏格兰和英格兰的交界地区；北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国的交界地区 3  a distinct edging round anything, esp. for strength or decoration (尤指为牢固或作装饰用的)绲边 4  a long narrow bed of flowers or shrubs in a garden 狭长的花坛，狭长的绿化地带  herbaceous border (花园边缘种植多年生草本植物的) 绿草带 ●v.  1 tr.  be a border to 是…的边界，成为…的边界 2 tr.  provide with a border 在…上加边，给…镶边 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  a  adjoin; come close to being 邻接，毗连b  approximate, resemble 近似，接近 [Middle English from Old French bordure: ultimately related (via Germanic) to BOARD]

Border collie n.  a common working sheepdog 博德牧羊犬 [originating near the border between England and Scotland]

borderer /ˈbɔ:d(ə)rə/ n.  a person who lives near a border, esp. that between Scotland and England 边境居民(尤指英格兰与苏格兰交界处的居民)

borderland /ˈbɔ:dəlænd/ n.  1  the district near a border 边境，边疆；边沿地区；边缘 2  an intermediate condition between two extremes 两可间的状态(或境界) 3  an area for debate 有争议的地区

borderline /ˈbɔ:dəlain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the line dividing two (often extreme) conditions (常为极端间的)分界线 2  a line marking a boundary 边境线，边界线 ●adj.  1  on the borderline 边境(或边界)线上的 2  verging on an extreme condition; only just acceptable 分界线上的；勉强能接受的

Border terrier n.  1  a small terrier of a breed with rough hair, originating in the Cheviot Hills 边境猎狗(产于英格兰与苏格兰之间的切维厄特丘陵) 2  this breed 边境猎狗的品种 [originating near the border between England and Scotland]

bordure /ˈbɔ:djʊə/ n. Heraldry  a border round the edge of a shield 【纹章学】盾形纹章的边缘 [Middle English form of BORDER]

bore1 /bɔ:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  make a hole in, esp. with a revolving tool (尤指用旋转工具)钻(孔) 2 tr.  hollow out (a tube etc.) 挖通(管道等) 3 tr.  a  make (a hole) by boring or excavation (用凿、挖方式)打(洞)b  make (one's way) through a crowd etc. (从人群等中)挤出(路) 4 intr. (of an athlete, racehorse, etc.) push another competitor out of the way (运动员、赛马等)把另一个竞争者挤出 5 intr.  drill a well (for oil etc.) 钻井(取油等) ●n.  1  the hollow of a firearm barrel or of a cylinder in an internal-combustion engine (枪管或内燃机的)内膛 2  the diameter of this; the calibre 内径，口径 3  = BOREHOLE  [Old English borian, from Germanic]

bore2 /bɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a tiresome or dull person or thing 令人讨厌的人(或事) ●v. tr.  weary by tedious talk or dullness (乏味的谈话或沉闷)使…厌倦，使…厌烦 □ bore a person to tears   weary (a person) in the extreme 使(某人)烦得要命 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bore3 /bɔ:/ n.  a high tidal wave caused by the meeting of two tides, or by the constriction of a spring tide, rushing up a narrow estuary Also called 亦称作 eagre 激潮，涌潮，涛 [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse bɑˊra ‘wave’]

bore4 past  of BEAR1  

boreal /ˈbɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of the North or northern regions 北的，北方的；北方地区的 2  of the north wind 北风的 [Middle English via French boréal or Late Latin borealis from Latin Boreas, from Greek Boreas ‘god of the north wind’]

boredom /ˈbɔ:dəm/ n.  the state of being bored; ennui 厌烦，厌倦；乏味；无聊

borehole /ˈbɔ:həʊl/ n.  a deep narrow hole, esp. one made in the earth to find water, oil, etc. (为采取水、油等的样品而在地上凿的)井孔

borer /ˈbɔ:rə/ n.  1  a worm, mollusc, insect, or insect larva which bores into wood, other plant material, or rock 钻蛀虫，穿孔虫；凿船虫 2  a tool for boring 钻；镗孔刀具；镗床

boric /ˈbɔ:rik/ adj.  of or containing boron 硼的，含硼的

boric acid n.  an acid derived from borax, used as a mild antiseptic and in the manufacture of heat-resistant glass and enamels 硼酸

boring /ˈbɔ:riŋ/ adj.  that makes one bored; uninteresting, tedious, dull 令人厌烦的，令人厌倦的；乏味的；无聊的；沉闷的 □ boringly  adv.  □ boringness  n.  

Boris /ˈbɒris/   鲍里斯 [人名]

born /bɔ:n/ adj.  1  existing as a result of birth 出生的；产生的 2  a  being such or likely to become such by natural ability or quality 天生的，法定的  a born leader  天生的领袖b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  having a specified destiny or prospect 命里注定的；生来就…的  born lucky  生来就幸运 born to be king  注定要当王 born to lead men  生来就会领导人 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  of a certain status by birth …出生的；…产生的  French-born  法国出生的 well-born  出生高贵的，出生名门的 □ born and bred   by birth and upbringing 从出生和教养两个方面□ in all one's born days  colloq.  in one's life so far [口]一生中□ not born yesterday  colloq.  not stupid; shrewd [口]一点儿不傻的；精明的，世故的 [past part. of BEAR1]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BEAR1. 见 BEAR1 的用法说明。 

born-again attrib. adj.  converted (esp. to fundamentalist Christianity) 皈依的，再生的(尤指原教旨主义基督教)

borne /bɔ:n/ past part.  of BEAR1 ; adj. (in comb. 用于复合词) carried or transported by 由…携带的；由…运载的  airborne  空运的

Borneo /ˈbɔ:niəu/ n.  婆罗洲 (Kalimantan 加里曼丹岛的旧称)

Bornholm disease /ˈbɔ:nhəʊm diˌzi:z/ n.  a viral infection with fever and pain in the muscles of the ribs 博恩霍尔姆病，流行性胸肌痛 [Bornholm in Denmark, where it was first described]

borné /ˈbɔ:nei, 法 bɔrne/ adj.  1  narrow-minded; of limited ideas 心胸狭窄的，气量小的；思想有局限的 2  having limitations 有局限的 [French, past part. of borner ‘limit’]

boro- /ˈbɔ:rəʊ/ comb. form  indicating salts containing boron [构词成分]表示“硼”

boron /ˈbɔ:rɒn/ n. Chem.  a non-metallic brown amorphous or black crystalline element extracted from borax and boracic acid and mainly used for hardening steel (symbol 符 B) 【化】(化学元素)硼 [BORAX + -on from carbon (which it resembles in some respects)]

boronia /bəˈrəʊniə/ n. Austral.  any sweet-scented shrub of the genus Boronia [澳] (澳大利亚产的)芸香料灌木 [F. Borone, Italian botanist d. 1794]

borosilicate /bɔ:rəʊˈsilikeit/ n.  any of many substances containing boron, silicon, and oxygen generally used in glazes and enamels and in the production of glass 硼硅酸盐(用于上釉、搪瓷和玻璃生产)

borough /ˈbʌrə/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a town (as distinct from a city) with a corporation and privileges granted by a royal charter (享有特权的)自治市镇(区别于市)b hist.  a town sending representatives to Parliament [史义]议会中有代表的市镇 2  an administrative division of London 伦敦的一个行政区 3  a municipal corporation in certain US states (美国某些州的)自治村镇 4  each of five divisions of New York City 美国纽约市的 5 个行政区之一 5 (in Alaska) a county (美国阿拉斯加州的)行政区(相当于其他州的县) [Old English burg, burh from Germanic: cf. BURGH]

borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v.  1  a tr.  acquire temporarily with the promise or intention of returning 借，借入b intr.  obtain money in this way 借钱 2 tr.  use (an idea, invention, etc.) originated by another; plagiarize 采用(他人的思想、发明等)；剽窃 3 intr. Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  play the ball uphill so that it rolls back towards the hole 借击上坡球使球滚向洞口b  allow for the wind or a slope (击球时)考虑风向(或穴周草地的坡度) □ borrowed time   an unexpected extension, esp. of life (尤指生命)意外延长的时间；比预期稍长的有限时间□ borrower  n.  □ borrowing  n.   [Old English borgian ‘give a pledge’]

borrow pit n.  a pit resulting from the excavation of material for use in embanking etc. (筑堤等)取土坑，借土坑

borsch var.  of BORTSCH  BORTSCH 的变体

Borstal /ˈbɔ:st(ə)l/ n. Brit. hist.  an institution for reforming and training young offenders [英史义]青少年犯教养院 [Borstal in S. England, where the first of these was established]■Usage 用法说明 The term Borstal has now been replaced by detention centre and youth custody centre. 词语 Borstal 现已为 detention centre (感化中心)和 youth custody centre (青少年拘留中心)所取代。 

bort /bɔ:t/ n. (also 亦作 boart)  1  an inferior or malformed diamond, used for cutting (次等的或残缺的)金刚石；(用于切割雕琢等的)圆粒金刚石 2  fragments of diamonds produced in cutting (切割时产生的)金刚石碎块 [Dutch boort]

bortsch /bɔ:tʃ/ n. (also 亦作 borsch /bɔ:ʃ/)  a highly seasoned Russian or Polish soup with various ingredients including beetroot and cabbage and served with sour cream 罗宋汤(俄式或波兰式加有甜菜、卷心菜等的浓汤) [Russian borshch]

borzoi /ˈbɔ:zɔi/ n.  1  a large Russian wolfhound of a breed with a narrow head and silky, usu. white, coat 俄国狼狗(头长而窄，通常皮毛白色) 2  this breed 俄国狼狗种 [Russian, from borzyĭ ‘swift’]

boscage /ˈbɒskidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 boskage)  1  masses of trees or shrubs 小树丛，灌木丛 2  wooded scenery 丛林，小树林 [Middle English via Old French boscage (modern BOCAGE) ultimately from the Germanic base of BUSH1]

bosh /bɒʃ/ n. & int. slang  nonsense; foolish talk [俚语]胡说，瞎扯 [Turkish bos ‘empty’]

bosky /ˈbɒski/ adj. literary  wooded, bushy [文学用语]树木丛生的，长满灌木的 [Middle English bosk, variant of BUSH1]

bo's'n var.  of BOATSWAIN  BOATSWAIN 的变体

Bosnia and Herzegovina   波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那

bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a person's breast or chest, esp. a woman's 胸，怀(尤指女人的乳房)b colloq.  each of a woman's breasts [口] (女人的)乳房c  the enclosure formed by a person's breast and arms 胸前 2  an emotional centre, esp. as the source of an enfolding relationship 胸怀(尤作为感情之源)，内心  in the bosom of one's family  在家庭的温暖怀抱中 3  the part of a woman's dress covering the breast (女人衣服的)胸襟 [Old English bōsm, from Germanic]

bosom friend n.  a very close or intimate friend 知心朋友

bosomy /ˈbʊz(ə)mi/ adj. (of a woman) having large breasts (女人)乳房发达的

boson /ˈbəʊzɒn/ n. Physics  any of several subatomic particles obeying the relations stated by Bose and Einstein, with a zero or integral spin, e.g. photons (cf. 参见 FERMION) 【物理学】玻色子 [S. N. Bose, Indian physicist d. 1974]

boss1 /bɒs/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a person in charge; an employer, manager, or overseer 负责人，头儿；老板，上司；领班，工头 2 US  a person who controls or dominates a political organization [美] (控制政治机构的)领袖，首领 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, around)  treat domineeringly; give constant peremptory orders to 指挥，控制；把…差来遣去 2  be the master or manager of 当…的头儿(或经理) [originally US: from Dutch baas ‘master’]

boss2 /bɒs/ n.  1  a round knob, stud, or other protuberance, esp. on the centre of a shield or in ornamental work (尤指盾牌中心或装饰物件上的)浮雕装饰，凸雕饰(饰球、饰钉) 2 Archit.  a piece of ornamental carving etc. covering the point where the ribs in a vault or ceiling cross 【建】凸(雕等)饰 3 Geol.  a large mass of igneous rock 【地质】岩瘤 4 Mech.  an enlarged part of a shaft 【机】轴的突起部 [Middle English via Old French boce from Romanic]

bossa nova /bɒsə ˈnəʊvə/ n.  1  a dance like the samba, originating in Brazil 波萨诺伐舞(一种类似桑巴的舞蹈) 2  a piece of music for this or in its rhythm 波萨诺伐舞曲(节奏) [Portuguese, = new style]

boss-eyed /ˈbɒsaid/ adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  having only one good eye; cross-eyed 独眼的；斜视眼的，斗鸡眼的 2  crooked; out of true 歪歪斜斜的；片面的，不真实的 [dialect boss ‘miss, bungle’]

boss-shot /ˈbɒsʃɒt/ n. Brit. dial. & slang [英方] [俚语]  1  a bad shot or aim 不准的射击(或瞄准) 2  an unsuccessful attempt 不成功的尝试 [as BOSS-EYED]

bossy /ˈbɒsi/ adj. (bossier, bossiest) colloq.  domineering; tending to boss [口]专横的，作威作福的；爱指挥人的 □ bossily  adv.  □ bossiness  n.  

bossy-boots n. Brit. colloq.  a domineering person [英口]专横的人

Boston /ˈbɒstən/ n.  波士顿 [美国城市]

bosun /ˈbəʊs(ə)n/ (also 亦作 bo'sun) var.  of BOATSWAIN BOATSWAIN 的变体

bot /bɒt/ n. (also 亦作 bott)  any of various parasitic larvae of flies of the family Oestridae, infesting horses, sheep, etc. 马胃蝇蛆(寄生于马、羊等) [probably of Low Dutch origin]

bot. abbr. [缩略]  1  bottle  2  botanic; botanical; botany  3  bought 

botanize /ˈbɒtənaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  study plants, esp. in their habitat 调查和采集植物(尤指就地研究)

Botany /ˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n. (in full 全称 Botany wool)  merino wool, esp. from Australia (尤指澳大利亚)博坦尼羊毛 [Botany Bay, New South Wales, where the wool originally came from, named from the variety of its flora]

botany /ˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n.  1  the study of the physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance of plants 植物学 2  the plant life of a particular area or time (一个地区或一个时期的)植物生态 □ botanic  /bəˈtænik/ adj.  □ botanical  /bəˈtænik(ə)l/ adj.  □ botanically  /bəˈtænik(ə)li/ adv.  □ botanist  n.   [botanic via French botanique or Late Latin botanicus from Greek botanikos, from botanē ‘plant’: botany is from botanic]

botch /bɒtʃ/ v. & n. (also 亦作 bodge /bɒdʒ/) ●v. tr.  1  bungle; do badly 笨手笨脚地做；拙劣地工作 2  patch or repair clumsily 拙劣地修补 ●n.  bungled or spoilt work 拙劣的工作；一团糟  made a botch of it  把它弄得一团糟 □ botcher  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

botel /bəʊˈtel/ n. (also 亦作 boatel)  1  a waterside hotel with facilities for mooring boats (附有泊船设施的)水上旅馆 2  a ship with the facilities of a hotel 有旅馆设施的轮船，船上旅馆 [blend of BOAT and HOTEL]

botfly /ˈbɒtflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a dipterous fly of the genus Oestrus, with a stout hairy body and parasitic larvae (see 见 BOT) 胃蝇(类)

both /bəʊθ/ predet., pron. & adv. ●predet. & pron.  the two, not only one 两个…(都)  both boys  两个男孩(都) both the boys  这两个男孩(都) both of the boys  两个男孩(都) the boys are both here  这两个男孩都在这里 ●adv.  with equal truth in two cases 在两方面同样地  he is both here and hungry  他既在这儿，又饿得很 □ have it both ways   alternate between two incompatible points of view to suit the needs of the moment 两面讨好，脚踏两只船 [Middle English, from Old Norse bɑˊthir]■Usage 用法说明 Both is widely used with of, esp. when followed by a pronoun (e.g. both of us) or a noun implying separate rather than collective consideration, e.g. both of the boys suggests each boy rather than the two together. Both 经常与 of 连用，特别是其后为人称代词(如 both of us 我们两人都)或名词，此时表示两者分别考虑，而不是作为一个整体考虑，如 both of the boys (两个男孩)表示每个男孩的情况，而不是两个男孩一起的情况。 

bother /ˈbɒðə/ v., n. & int. ●v.  1 tr.  a  give trouble to; worry, disturb 打扰，使烦扰；使不安b refl. (often foll. by 后跟 about)  be anxious or concerned 焦虑；关心，担心 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about, or to + infin.)  worry or trouble oneself 费心，麻烦  don't bother about that  不要为其烦恼 didn't bother to tell me  不必费心告诉我b (foll. by 后跟 with)  be concerned 关心，担心 ●n.  1  a  a person or thing that bothers or causes worry 令人烦恼的人(或事)；引起麻烦的人(或事)b  a minor nuisance 讨厌的人(或事) 2  trouble, worry, fuss 烦恼；焦急；麻烦；纷扰 ●int. esp. Brit.  expressing annoyance or impatience [尤英] (表示烦恼、不耐烦)讨厌！去你的！  □ cannot be bothered   will not make the effort needed 不愿找麻烦，不想出力 [earlier ‘noise, chatter’, probably related to Irish bodhraim ‘deafen, annoy’]

botheration /bɒðəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. & int. colloq. [口]  = BOTHERn., int. 

bothersome /ˈbɒðəsəm/ adj.  causing bother; troublesome 令人讨厌的；令人烦恼的

both ways adj. & adv.  = EACH WAY 

bothy /ˈbɒθi/ n. (also 亦作 bothie) (pl. -ies) Sc.  a small hut or cottage, esp. one for housing labourers or for use as a mountain refuge [苏格兰]茅屋，农舍(尤指供工人住的棚舍或山中躲避风雨的小屋) [18th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to BOOTH]

bo tree /bəʊ/ n.  the Indian fig tree, Ficus religiosa, regarded as sacred by Buddhists Also called 亦称作 peepul, pipal 菩提树 [representing Sinhalese bogaha ‘tree of knowledge’ (Buddha's enlightenment having occurred beneath such a tree)]

botryoidal /ˈbɒtriɔid(ə)l/ adj. Mineral.  shaped like a cluster of grapes 【矿】葡萄串状的 [Greek botruoeidēs from botrus ‘bunch of grapes’]

botrytis /bəˈtraitis/ n.  a fungus of the genus Botrytis, esp. the grey mould B. cinerea, deliberately cultivated on the grapes used for certain wines (also called 亦称作 NOBLE ROT) 葡萄孢(尤指用于酿酒时特意在葡萄上培育的灰葡萄孢) [modern Latin, from Greek botrus ‘cluster of grapes’]

Botswana   博茨瓦纳

Botswanan /bɒtˈswɑ:nən/ adj. & n.  博茨瓦纳的(人)

bott var.  of BOT  BOT 的变体

bottle /ˈbɒt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container, usu. of glass or plastic and with a narrow neck, for storing liquid (盛液体用，通常为玻璃或塑料的)狭颈小口瓶 2  the amount that will fill a bottle 一瓶的容量 3 Brit.  a baby's feeding bottle [英] (喂养婴儿的)奶瓶 4  = HOT-WATER BOTTLE  5  a metal cylinder for liquefied gas (装液化煤气的)钢瓶 6 Brit. slang  courage, confidence [英] [俚语]勇气；信心 ●v. tr.  1  put into bottles or jars 把…装入瓶(或罐)中 2 Brit.  preserve (fruit etc.) in jars [英]把(水果等)装瓶(或罐)腌制 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  conceal or restrain for a time (esp. a feeling) 约束，遏制；抑制，隐藏(尤指感情)b  keep (an enemy force etc.) contained or entrapped 诱(敌军等)入圈套；围困 4 (as 作 bottled adj.) Brit. slang  drunk [英] [俚语]喝醉的 □ bottle out  (often foll. by 常后跟 of) Brit. slang  fail to carry out some activity through lack of nerve [英] [俚语] (由于缺乏勇气而)未做某事□ hit the bottle  slang  drink heavily [俚语]酗酒□ on the bottle  slang  drinking (alcohol) heavily [俚语]沉溺于酒 [Middle English via Old French botele, botaille from medieval Latin butticula, diminutive of Late Latin buttis BUTT4]

bottle bank n. Brit.  a place where used bottles may be deposited for recycling [英]废(玻璃)瓶回收站

bottle-brush n.  1  a cylindrical brush for cleaning inside bottles 洗瓶刷 2  any of various plants with a flower of this shape 开洗瓶刷状花的植物

bottle-feed v. tr. (past and past part. -fed)  feed (a baby) with milk by means of a bottle 用奶瓶喂(婴儿)牛奶

bottle green n. & adj. ●n.  dark green 深绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 深绿色的

bottleneck /ˈbɒt(ə)lnek/ n.  1  a narrow place where the flow of traffic, production, etc., is constricted (交通、生产流程等的)瓶颈；窄路，狭窄的街道；交通阻塞点；障碍 2  an obstruction to the flow of something (阻碍进展的)障碍  information bottleneck  信息障碍 3  a  a device worn on a guitarist's finger, used to produce sliding effects on the strings 吉他手手指上戴的一种装置，用以在弦上产生滑奏效果b  the style of playing that uses this (用这种装置演奏的)瓶颈压弦滑奏法c (in full 全称 bottleneck guitar)  a guitar so played (吉他的)瓶颈压弦滑奏法

bottlenose /ˈbɒt(ə)lnəʊz/ n. Brit.  a swollen nose [英]大鼻子，酒糟鼻

bottlenose dolphin n. (also 亦作 bottlenosed dolphin)  a dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, with a bottle-shaped snout 瓶鼻海豚

bottle party n. Brit.  a party to which guests bring bottles of drink [英]参加者自带瓶酒的酒会

bottler /ˈbɒtlə/ n.  1  a person who bottles drinks etc. 装瓶酒(饮料等)的工人 2 Austral. & NZ slang  an excellent person or thing [澳新] [俚语]极好的人(或事)

bottle tree n.  any of various Australian trees of the genus Brachychiton with a swollen bottle-shaped trunk (澳大利亚瓶树属的)瓶树(树干形如巨瓶)

bottle-washer n. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 chief cook and bottle-washer) colloq.  a menial, a factotum [口]下手；杂役

bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  the lowest point or part 底，底部，底层  bottom of the stairs  楼梯脚b  the part on which a thing rests 最低部位  bottom of a saucepan  带柄的平底锅底c  the underneath part 最低下部分  scraped the bottom of the car  刮了汽车的底部d  the furthest or inmost part 远端，尽头；内心深处  bottom of the garden  花园的尽头 2 colloq. [口]  a  the buttocks 屁股b  the seat of a chair etc. (椅子等的)座部，座面 3  a  the less honourable, important, or successful end of a table, a class, etc. (席位等的)末座；(班级等中的)末名；末尾  at the bottom of the list of requirements  最末一项要求b  a person occupying this place 最低位置的人  he's always bottom of the class  他总是全班最末一名 4  the ground under the water of a lake, a river, etc. (湖泊、河流等的)水底  swam until he touched the bottom  他一直游到水底 5  the basis; the origin 基础，根据；来源  he's at the bottom of it  他是这件事的起因 6  the essential character; reality 本质；真实，实在 7 Naut. 【海】  a  the keel or hull of a ship 船的龙骨(或船体)b  a ship, esp. as a cargo carrier 船(尤指货船) 8 archaic  staying power; endurance [古义]持久力，耐力 ●adj.  1  lowest; last 最低的；最后的；最下面的  bottom button  最下面的钮扣 bottom score  最低分数 2  lower 后半局的  bottom half  后半局 ●v.  1 tr.  put a bottom to (a chair, saucepan, etc.) 给(椅子)装座面；在(长柄平底锅)上装底 2 intr. (of a ship) reach or touch the bottom (船)到达底部；触及底层；近水底 3 tr.  find the extent or real nature of; work out 对…寻根究底；探明…的真相 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  base (an argument etc.) 为(论点等)提供根据  reasoning bottomed on logic  以逻辑为基础的推理 5 tr.  touch the bottom or lowest point of 使到达底部(或最低点) □ at bottom   basically, essentially 基本上，实质上□ be at the bottom of   have caused 是真正的起因(或根源)□ bet one's bottom dollar  slang [俚语]  1  stake all 倾囊下注 2  be very sure 绝对有把握地打赌□ bottom falls (or drops) out   collapse occurs 出现垮台的局面□ bottom out   reach the lowest level 达最低点□ bottoms up!   a call to drain one's glass 干杯！(用作劝酒语)□ bottom up  Brit.  upside-down [英]颠倒着，底朝天□ get to the bottom of   fully investigate and explain 探明…的真相；弄清…的起因；寻到…的根子□ knock the bottom out of   prove (a thing) worthless 证明…无价值□ bottommost  /ˈbɒtəmməʊst/ adj.   [Old English botm, from Germanic]

bottom dog n.  = UNDERDOG 

bottom drawer n. Brit.  linen etc. stored by a woman in preparation for her marriage [英]女人为结婚用而储存的衣物(衬衣裤等)

bottom gear n. Brit. [英]  = FIRST GEAR 

bottomless /ˈbɒtəmlis/ adj.  1  without a bottom 无底的 2 (of a supply etc.) inexhaustible (供应等)无穷无尽的，无限的

bottom line n. colloq.  the underlying or ultimate truth; the ultimate, esp. financial, criterion [口] (尤指金融方面的)账本底线，盈亏一览结算线；(标准的)底线，最低标准

bottomry /ˈbɒtəmri/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  a system of using a ship as security against a loan to finance a voyage, the lender losing his or her money if the ship sinks 船只抵押借款契约 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  pledge (a ship) in this way 以(船只)抵押 [BOTTOM = ship + -RY, influenced by Dutch bodemerij]

bottom-up attrib. adj.  1  proceeding from detail to general theory, or from the bottom upwards 从具体细节到一般理论的，从下往上的 2  non-hierarchical 不按等级的

botulism /ˈbɒtjʊliz(ə)m/ n.  poisoning caused by a toxin produced by the bacillus Clostridium botulinum growing in poorly preserved food (由肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌产生的)肉毒中毒 [German Botulismus ‘sausage poisoning’ from Latin botulus ‘sausage’]

bouclé /ˈbu:klei/ n.  1  a looped or curled yarn (esp. wool) 毛圈花式线，结子花式线(尤指毛线) 2  a fabric, esp. knitted, made of this (尤指由结子花式线织的)结子线织物；仿羔皮呢，珠皮呢 [French, = buckled, curled]

boudoir /ˈbu:dwɑ:/ n.  a woman's small private room or bedroom 闺房，女人的卧室 [French, literally ‘sulking-place’ from bouder ‘sulk’]

bouffant /ˈbu:fɒ˜/ adj. (of a dress, hair, etc.) puffed out (衣服、头发等)蓬松的，鼓起的 [French, from bouffer ‘swell’]

bougainvillea /bu:ɡ(ə)nˈviliə/ n. (also 亦作 bougainvillaea)  any tropical widely cultivated plant of the genus Bougainvillea, with large coloured bracts (usu. purple, red, or white) almost concealing the inconspicuous flowers 九重葛属植物，叶子花属植物(苞片通常紫、红、白色) [L. A. de Bougainville, French navigator d. 1811]

bough /baʊ/ n.  a branch of a tree, esp. a main one 树枝(尤指大树枝，粗树枝) [Old English bōg, bōh ‘bough, shoulder’ from Germanic: related to BOW3]

bought past and past part.  of BUY 

boughten /ˈbɔ:t(ə)n/ adj. dial.  bought at a shop, not home-made [方]买来的，现成的 [variant of past part. of BUY]

bougie /ˈbu:ʒi/ n.  1 Med.  a thin flexible surgical instrument for exploring, dilating, etc. the passages of the body 【医】探条(用于探测、扩张体内的通道) 2  a wax candle 蜡烛 [French from Arabic Bijɑˉya, an Algerian town with a wax trade]

bouillabaisse /bu:jəˈbeis/ n.  a rich, spicy fish-stew, originally from Provence 法式杂鱼汤，普罗旺斯鱼汤 [French from modern Provençal bouiabaisso ‘boil down’]

bouilli /ˈbu:ji, 法 buji/ n.  stewed or boiled meat 煮肉，炖肉 [French, = boiled]

bouillon /ˈbu:jɒ˜/ n.  thin soup; broth 清汤；肉汤 [French, from bouillir ‘to boil’]

boulder /ˈbəʊldə/ n.  a large stone worn smooth by erosion 卵石，巨石 □ bouldery  adj.   [short for boulderstone, Middle English from Scandinavian]

boulder clay n.  a mixture of boulders etc. deposited by massive bodies of melting ice, giving distinctive glacial formations (有圆石等的)泥砾(层)；冰砾土

boule1 /bu:l/ n. (also 亦作 boules pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a French form of bowls, played on rough ground with usu. metal balls 法国式滚球戏(通常用金属球) [French, = BOWL2]

boule2 /ˈbu:li/ n.  a legislative body of ancient or modern Greece 古代(或现代)希腊的立法机构 [Greek boulē ‘senate’]

boule3 var.  of BUHL  BUHL 的变体

boules var.  of BOULE1  BOULE1 的变体

boulevard /ˈbu:ləvɑ:d/ n.  1  a broad tree-lined avenue 林阴大道 2 esp. US  a broad main road [尤美]干道，大街 [French from German Bollwerk BULWARK, originally of a promenade on a demolished fortification]

boulle var.  of BUHL  BUHL 的变体

boult var.  of BOLT2  BOLT2 的变体

bounce /baʊns/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (of a ball etc.) rebound (球等)反弹，弹起b tr.  cause to rebound 使反弹，使弹起c tr. & intr.  bounce repeatedly 反复弹起，颠跳 2 intr. colloq. (of a cheque) be returned by a bank when there are insufficient funds to meet it [口] (支票) (因开票人账上资金不足)被拒付而退回 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 about, up) (of a person, dog, etc.) jump or spring energetically (人、狗等)跳跃，串跳b (foll. by 后跟 in, out, etc.)  rush noisily, angrily, enthusiastically, etc. 急冲，猛闯(猛跳等)  bounced into the room  冲进房间 bounced out in a temper  生气地冲了出去 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into + verbal noun) Brit. colloq.  hustle, persuade [英口]胁迫，迫使  bounced him into signing  迫使他签了字 5 intr. Brit. colloq.  talk boastfully [英口]吹牛，说大话 6 tr. slang  eject forcibly (from a dance hall, club, etc.) [俚语] (从舞厅、俱乐部等)解雇，开除；撵走，逐出 ●n.  1  a  a rebound 反弹；弹跳，跃起b  the power of rebounding 弹力  this ball has a good bounce  这只球弹力很好 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  swagger, self-confidence 吹牛，夸口；自信、自大  has a lot of bounce  吹了很多牛b  liveliness 活力，劲头，精神 □ bounce back   regain one's good health, spirits, prosperity, etc. (身体、精神)复元；(经济等)恢复繁荣 [Middle English bunsen ‘beat, thump’ (perhaps imitative), or from Low German bunsen, Dutch bons ‘thump’]

bouncer /ˈbaʊnsə/ n.  1 colloq.  a person employed to eject troublemakers from a dance hall, club, etc. [口] (舞厅、俱乐部等雇用的)驱逐捣乱者的人 2 Cricket  a ball bowled fast and short so as to rise high after pitching 【板球】反弹力大的快速高球

bouncing /ˈbaʊnsiŋ/ adj.  1 (esp. of a baby) big and healthy (尤指婴儿)大的，健壮的 2  boisterous 嘈杂的

bouncy /ˈbaʊnsi/ adj. (bouncier, bounciest)  1 (of a ball etc.) that bounces well (球等)反弹好的，弹力足的 2  cheerful and lively 欢快的，活泼的，富有生气的 3  resilient, springy 有弹性的，弹力足的  a bouncy sofa  弹性好的沙发 □ bouncily  adv.  □ bounciness  n.  

bound1 /baʊnd/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  spring, leap 跳跃，跳动  bounded out of bed  跳下床b  walk or run with leaping strides 跳跃着前进，边跑边跳 2 (of a ball etc.) recoil from a wall or the ground; bounce (球等)弹回，跳回，反弹 ●n.  1  a springy movement upwards or outwards; a leap (向上、向外)跳；跳跃 2  a bounce 弹回，反弹 □ by leaps and bounds   see 见 LEAP  [French bond, bondir (originally ‘resound’, later ‘rebound’), via Late Latin bombitare from Latin bombus ‘hum’]

bound2 /baʊnd/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a limitation; a restriction 限制，约束，限制范围  beyond the bounds of possibility  在可能发生的范围之外 2  a border of a territory; a boundary 边界，界线 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. in passive 尤用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 by)  set bounds to; limit 为…定界限；限制  views bounded by prejudice  为偏见所局限的看法 2  be the boundary of 是…的界线，是…的边界 □ out of bounds   1  outside the part of a school etc. in which one is allowed to be 可自由出入的地界之外 2  beyond what is acceptable; forbidden 逾越限度，越规；被禁止 [Middle English via Anglo-French bounde, Old French bodne, bonde, etc., from medieval Latin bodina, earlier butina, of unknown origin]

bound3 /baʊnd/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  ready to start or having started 准备到…去的，正在到…去的；开往(或驶往)…的  bound for stardom  就要成为明星 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  moving in a specified direction 往…去的，赴…途中的  northbound  往北的 outward bound  向外的 [Middle English from Old Norse búinn, past part. of búa ‘get ready’: -d euphonic, or influenced by BIND]

bound4 /baʊnd/ past and past part.  of BIND  □ bound to   certain to 一定的，必然的  he's bound to come  他一定来

boundary /ˈbaʊnd(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a line marking the limits of an area, territory, etc. (地区、领土等的)分界线，边界，界限  the fence is the boundary  篱笆就是边界 boundary between liberty and licence  自由和放纵之间的界限 2 Cricket  a hit crossing the limits of the field, scoring 4 or 6 runs 【板球】击球超过边界线(得 4 分或 6 分) [dialect bounder from BOUND2 + -ER1, perhaps on the pattern of limitary]

boundary layer n.  a layer of more or less stationary fluid (e.g. water or air) immediately surrounding an immersed moving object (如水或空气所形成的)边界层

boundary rider n. Austral. & NZ  a person employed to ride round the fences etc. of a cattle or sheep station and keep them in good order [澳新]骑马巡视并修补牛羊牧场围栏(或栅栏等)的人

boundary umpire n. (in Australian Rules) an umpire on the sidelines who signals when the ball is out (澳大利亚橄榄球规则中的)边线裁判，边线员

bounden /ˈbaʊnd(ə)n/ adj. archaic  obligatory [古义]必须的；有责任的 [archaic past part. of BIND]

bounden duty n.  solemn responsibility 应尽的义务

bounder /ˈbaʊndə/ n. Brit. colloq. or joc.  an ill-bred or dishonourable person [英口] [诙]行为不端的人，无赖

boundless /ˈbaʊndlis/ adj.  unlimited; immense 无限的；无边无际的；巨大的  boundless enthusiasm  巨大的热情 □ boundlessly  adv.  □ boundlessness  n.  

bounteous /ˈbaʊntiəs/ adj. poet. [诗]  1  generous, liberal 慷慨的，大方的 2  freely given 丰富的，充裕的  bounteous affection  深深的爱慕之情 □ bounteously  adv.  □ bounteousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French bontif, from bonté BOUNTY, on the pattern of plenteous]

bountiful /ˈbaʊntifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  = BOUNTEOUS  2  ample 充足的 □ bountifully  adv.   [BOUNTY + -FUL]

bounty /ˈbaʊnti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  liberality; generosity 大方，慷慨 2  a gift or reward, made usu. by the State, esp. (通常由国家给予的)礼物(或酬金)，尤指 :a  a sum paid for a valiant act 赏金b  a sum paid to encourage a trading enterprise etc. (工商企业等的)奖金c  a sum paid to army or navy recruits on enlistment (陆、海军的)津贴 [Middle English via Old French bonté from Latin bonitas -tatis from bonus ‘good’]

bounty hunter n.  a person who pursues a criminal or seeks an achievement for the sake of the reward 为获得赏金而搜捕逃犯的人

bouquet /bʊˈkei, bəʊˈkei, ˈbʊkei/ n.  1  a bunch of flowers, esp. for carrying at a wedding or other ceremony (尤指婚礼或其他仪式上所用的)花束 2  the scent of wine etc. (酒等的)香味，芬芳 3  a favourable comment; a compliment 赞扬；恭维 [French (earlier = clump of trees) from dialect variant of Old French bos, bois ‘wood’]

bouquet garni /ˈɡɑ:ni/ n. (pl. bouquets garnis /bu:keiz ˈɡɑ:ni/)  a bunch of herbs used for flavouring stews etc. (用作炖肉等调料的)成束香料，烹调用香料 [French, literally ‘garnished bouquet’]

Bourbon /ˈbʊəbən/ n.  1 US  a reactionary [美]顽固反对革新的人；极端保守分子 2 Brit.  a chocolate-flavoured biscuit with a chocolate-cream filling [英]巧克力夹心饼干 [the Bourbon family, whose descendants founded dynasties in France and Spain]

bourbon /ˈbɜ:bən, ˈbʊə-/ n.  an American whiskey distilled from maize and rye 波旁威士忌酒(一种用玉米和黑麦酿制的美国威士忌酒) [Bourbon County, Kentucky, where first made]

bourdon /ˈbʊəd(ə)n/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a low-pitched stop in an organ or harmonium (管风琴或簧风琴的)波尔东低音音栓 2  the lowest bell in a peal of bells 一组钟琴中的最低音钟琴 3  the drone pipe of a bagpipe 风笛的低音管 [French, = bagpipe-drone, from Romanic: imitative]

bourgeois /ˈbʊəʒwɑ:/ adj. & n. often derog. [常贬] ●adj.  1  a  conventionally middle-class 中产阶级的，具有中产阶级保守特性的b  humdrum, unimaginative 平庸的，缺乏想像力的c  selfishly materialistic 追求物质享受的 2  upholding the interests of the capitalist class; non-communist 维护资产阶级利益的，资产阶级的，非共产主义的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a bourgeois person 中产阶级的一员；资产者，资产阶级分子 [French, earlier burgeis: see BURGESS]

bourgeoisie /bʊəʒwɑ:ˈzi:/ n.  1  the capitalist class 资产阶级 2  the middle class 中产阶级 [French]

bourn1 /bɔ:n, bʊən/ n.  a small stream 小溪，溪流 [Middle English: S. English variant of BURN2]

bourn2 /bɔ:n, bʊən/ n. (also 亦作 bourne) archaic [古义]  1  a goal; a destination 目标，目的；目的地 2  a limit 界限，范围 [French borne from Old French bodne BOUND2]

bourrée /bʊərei/ n.  1  a lively French dance like a gavotte 布列舞(一种轻快的法国民间舞蹈，类似加伏特舞) 2  the music for this dance 布列舞曲 [French]

bourse /bʊəs/ n.  1 (作 Bourse)  the Paris equivalent of the Stock Exchange 巴黎证券交易所 2  a money market 金融市场 [French, = purse, from medieval Latin bursa: see PURSE]

boustrophedon /baʊstrəˈfi:d(ə)n, bu:-/ adj. & adv. (of written words) from right to left and from left to right in alternate lines (书写文字)牛耕式转行书写法(一种由右至左，再由左至右互错成行的书写法) [Greek (adv.) = as an ox turns in ploughing from bous ‘ox’ + -strophos ‘turning’]

bout /baʊt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  a  a limited period (of intensive work or exercise) (紧张的工作或运动)一段，一阵，一次，一场b  a drinking session 一次饮酒c  a period (of illness) (疾病的)发作(期)  a bout of flu  流行性感冒的发作 2  a  a wrestling or boxing match 摔跤(或拳击)比赛，较量b  a trial of strength 角力 [16th c.: apparently the same as obsolete bought ‘bending’; hence a ‘turn’ of work etc.]

boutique /bu:ˈti:k/ n.  a small shop or department of a store, selling (esp. fashionable) clothes or accessories (铺面不大、尤指出售时尚服饰的)精品店，时装屋 [French, = small shop, from Latin apotheca (as BODEGA)]

boutonnière /bu:tɒnˈjɛə/ n.  a spray of flowers worn in a buttonhole 别在纽扣孔上的花(束) [French, = buttonhole]

bouzouki /bʊˈzu:ki/ n.  a Greek form of mandolin 布祖基琴(一种希腊式曼多林) [modern Greek]

bovate /ˈbəʊveit/ n. hist.  a measure of land, as much as one ox could plough in a year, varying from 10 to 18 acres [史义]古英国土地面积单位(相当于一头牛一年能犁的土地，约 10 至 18 英亩) [medieval Latin bovata from Latin bos bovis ‘ox’]

bovine /ˈbəʊvain/ adj.  1  of or relating to cattle (有关)牛的 2  stupid, dull 迟钝的，呆头呆脑的 □ bovinely  adv.   [Late Latin bovinus from Latin bos bovis ‘ox’]

bovine spongiform encephalopathy  see 见 BSE 

Bovril /ˈbɒvril/ n. propr.  a concentrated essence of beef diluted with hot water to make a drink [商标]浓缩牛肉汁(可用热水冲成饮料) [Latin bos bovis ‘ox, cow’]

bovver /ˈbɒvə/ n. Brit. slang  deliberate trouble-making [英] [俚语]蓄意闹事，捣乱，街头打群架 [cockney pronunciation of BOTHER]

bovver boot n. Brit. slang  a heavy laced boot worn typically by skinheads [英] [俚语] (光头仔流氓打群架时穿的)街头钉靴

bovver boy n. Brit. slang  a violent hooligan [英] [俚语] (狂暴的)街头混混

bow1 /bəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a slip-knot with a double loop 蝴蝶结，环状装饰结b  a ribbon, shoelace, etc., tied with this 打成蝴蝶结的缎带(鞋带等)c  a decoration (on clothing, or painted etc.) in the form of a bow (衣服上或彩绘的)蝴蝶结形装饰 2  a device for shooting arrows with a taut string joining the ends of a curved piece of wood etc. (由弯曲木料等制成的)弓 3  a  a rod with horsehair stretched along its length, used for playing the violin, cello, etc. (小提琴、大提琴等)弦乐器的弓，琴弓b  a single stroke of a bow over strings (琴弓的)一拉 4  a  a shallow curve or bend 弧；弯曲b  a rainbow 虹 5  = SADDLE BOW  6  a metal ring forming the handle of scissors, a key, etc. (剪刀、钥匙等的)金属环状柄 7 US  the side piece of a spectacle frame [美]眼镜腿，眼镜框 8 Archery 【射箭】  = BOWMAN1  ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  use a bow on (a violin etc.) 用弓拉(小提琴等)  he bowed vigorously  他起劲地拉琴 □ have two (or many) strings to one's bow  Brit.  have (many) more than one resource [英]有两手(或多手)准备 [Old English boga ‘bow, arch’, from Germanic: related to BOW2]

bow2 /baʊ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  incline the head or trunk, esp. in greeting or assent or acknowledgement of applause 鞠躬，欠身(尤指表示欢迎、同意、感谢等) 2 intr.  submit 让步，屈服，服从  bowed to the inevitable  听天由命 3 tr.  cause to incline or submit 使低下，使弯曲；使屈服  bowed his head  低下头 bowed his will to hers  对她的意愿让步 4 tr.  express (thanks, assent, etc.) by bowing 鞠躬，点头(表示感谢、赞同等)  bowed agreement to the plan  点头对计划表示同意 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  usher or escort obsequiously 鞠躬引领  bowed us out of the restaurant  鞠躬把我们送出饭店 ●n.  an inclining of the head or body in greeting, assent, or in the acknowledgement of applause etc. 鞠躬，点头(表示欢迎、同意、感谢等) □ bow down   1  bend or kneel in submission or reverence 顶礼膜拜  bowed down before the king  向国王顶礼膜拜 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  make stoop; crush 压弯，压倒  was bowed down by care  被烦恼压倒了□ bow out   1  make one's exit (esp. formally) (尤指正式地)退出，离去 2  retreat, withdraw; retire gracefully (体面地)退避，撤出；退休□ make one's bow   make a formal exit or entrance (正式地)退出(或进入)□ take a bow   acknowledge applause 鞠躬答礼，鞠躬接受鼓掌 [Old English būgan, from Germanic: related to BOW1]

bow3 /baʊ/ n. Naut. 【海】  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the fore-end of a boat or a ship 艄，船头，舰首，飞艇的前缘部分 2  = BOWMAN2  □ on the bow   within 45° of the point directly ahead 在船头前方 45 度范围内□ shot across the bows   a warning 警告 [Low German boog, Dutch boeg, ‘ship's bow’, originally ‘shoulder’: related to BOUGH]

bow and scrape v. intr.  be obsequious; fawn 打躬作揖，奴颜婢膝

bow-compass n. (also 亦作 bow-compasses pl.)  compasses with jointed legs 弓形圆规

bowdlerize /ˈbaʊdləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  expurgate (a book etc.) 删节，删改(书等) □ bowdlerism  n.  □ bowdlerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [T. Bowdler (d. 1825), expurgator of Shakespeare]

bowel /ˈbaʊəl/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine 消化道；肠 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the depths; the innermost parts 深处，内部  the bowels of the earth  地球内部 [Middle English via Old French buel from Latin botellus ‘little sausage’]

bowel movement n.  1  discharge from the bowels; defecation 排泄，通便 2  the faeces discharged from the body 排泄物，粪便

bower1 /ˈbaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a secluded place, esp. in a garden, enclosed by foliage; an arbour (尤指花园中的)隐居处；树阴处；凉亭b  a summer house 避暑别墅 2 poet.  an inner room; a boudoir [诗]卧室，闺房 ●v. tr. poet.  embower [诗]使成为遮阴之处 [Old English būr, from Germanic]

bower2 /ˈbaʊə/ n. (in full 全称 bower-anchor) Naut.  either of two anchors (the best (starboard) or small (port) bower) carried at a ship's bow 【海】船首两锚中的任何一个 [BOW3 + -ER1]

bower3 /ˈbaʊə/ n.  either of two cards, the jack of trumps (the right bower) and the other jack of this colour (the left bower) at euchre and similar games (牌戏及类似牌戏中的)王牌 J ；其他花色中的 J [German Bauer ‘peasant, jack at cards’, related to Dutch boer: see BOOR]

bowerbird /ˈbaʊəbɜ:d/ n.  1  any of various birds of the family Ptilonorhynchidae, native to Australia and New Guinea, the males of which construct elaborate bowers of feathers, grasses, shells, etc. during courtship (造园鸟科)造园鸟(产于澳大利亚和新几内亚，雄鸟能在地面上用羽毛、草、贝壳等营造各种式样的凉亭以吸引雌鸟) 2 Austral. slang  a person who collects trivia or odds and ends [澳] [俚语]收集琐事(或零星物品)的人

bower-cable n.  the cable attached to a bower-anchor (see 见 BOWER2) 船首锚锚链

bowery /ˈbaʊəri/ n. (also 亦作 Bowery) (pl. -ies) US  a district known as a resort of drunks and down-and-outs [美]乞丐酒徒充斥的街区 [originally the Bowery, a street in New York City, from Dutch bouwerij ‘farm’]

bowfin /ˈbəʊfin/ n.  a voracious American freshwater fish, Amia calva 弓鳍鱼(一种贪食的美洲淡水鱼) [BOW1 + FIN]

bowhead /ˈbəʊhed/ n.  an Arctic whale, Balaena mysticetus 弓头鲸，北极露脊鲸 [BOW1 + HEAD]

bowie /ˈbəʊi/ n. (in full 全称 bowie knife)  a long knife with a blade double-edged at the point, used as a weapon by American pioneers 鲍伊猎刀(美国开拓者作为武器使用，刀尖为双刃的一种长刀) [J. Bowie, American soldier (d. 1836) who popularized it]

bowl1 /bəʊl/ n.  1  a  a usu. round deep basin used for food or liquid 碗，钵(通常圆而深)b  the quantity (of soup etc.) a bowl holds 一碗(或一钵汤等)的容量c  the contents of a bowl 一碗所装的东西 2  a  any deep-sided container shaped like a bowl 碗状物  lavatory bowl  抽水马桶的桶身b  the bowl-shaped part of a tobacco pipe, spoon, balance, etc. (烟斗的)斗，(匙、勺的)舀物部分，(天平等的)盘 3 Geog.  a natural basin 【地理】天然盆地 4  a esp. US  an amphitheatre or stadium, esp. in names [尤美]圆形剧场；椭圆形运动场(尤见诸于名称中)  Hollywood Bowl  好莱坞剧场b (in full 全称 bowl game) N. Amer.  an American football game played after the main season between leading college, professional, etc. teams [北美] (在主要大学或专业球队等之间进行的)橄榄球季后比赛 □ bowlful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English bolle, bolla, from Germanic]

bowl2 /bəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a wooden or hard rubber ball, slightly asymmetrical so that it runs on a curved course, used in the game of bowls (草地滚木球戏中所用的，重心略偏的)木球(或硬橡胶球)b  a wooden ball or disc used in playing skittles (撞柱戏中用的)木球(或木质圆盘)c  a large ball with indents for gripping, used in tenpin bowling (十柱滚木球戏中用的有手抓凹痕的)大圆球 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a  a game played with bowls on grass (see sense 1a 见释义 1a) 草地滚木球戏b Brit.  tenpin bowling [英]十柱滚木球戏c Brit.  skittles [英]撞柱戏 3  a spell or turn of bowling in cricket (板球中投球手的)一轮投球 ●v.  1  a tr.  roll (a ball, a hoop, etc.) along the ground 滚(球、铁环等)b intr.  play bowls or skittles 玩草地滚木球戏(或撞柱戏) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cricket etc. 【板球】  a  deliver (a ball, an over, etc.) 投(球、一轮球等)  bowled six overs  投了 6 轮球 bowled well  球投得好b (often foll. by 常后跟 out, for)  dismiss (a batsman or a side) by knocking down the wicket with a ball 用球击倒三柱门而使(击球手或一方)退场  bowled him out  把他杀出局 bowled for six  得 6 分后被判出局c (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  knock (a wicket) over 击倒(三柱门) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along)  go along rapidly by revolving, esp. on wheels (尤指用轮子)快速行驶，滚动  the cart bowled along the road  车在路上快速行驶 □ bowl out  Cricket  etc. dismiss (a batsman or a side) 【板球】(击中三柱门)迫使(击球员或一方)退场□ bowl over   1  knock down 弄倒，打翻 2 colloq. [口]  a  impress greatly 给…留下深刻印象b  overwhelm 使不知所措  bowled over by her energy  对她的精力大吃一惊 [Middle English & French boule from Latin bulla ‘bubble’]

bow-legs n. pl.  bandy legs 弓形腿，膝内翻 □ bow-legged  adj.  

bowler1 /ˈbəʊlə/ n.  1 Cricket  etc. a member of the fielding side who bowls or is bowling 【板球】投球手 2  a player at bowls 玩(草地)滚(木)球戏的人

bowler2 /ˈbəʊlə/ n. (in full 全称 bowler hat)  a man's hard felt hat with a round dome-shaped crown 圆顶硬礼帽 [Bowler, a hatter, who designed it in 1850]

bowler-hat v. tr. (-hatted, -hatting) Brit. slang  retire (a person) from the army etc. [英] [俚语]使(某人)被遣复员  he's been bowler-hatted  他复员了

bowline /ˈbəʊlin/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a rope attaching the weather side of a square sail to the bow 张帆索 2  a simple knot for forming a non-slipping loop at the end of a rope 不易松开的索环 [Middle English from Middle Low German bōlīne (as BOW3, LINE1)]

bowling /ˈbəʊliŋ/ n.  1 Bowls  the game of bowls as a sport or recreation 【球戏】地滚球戏，保龄球戏 2 Cricket  the delivery of the ball 【板球】投球 also 亦作 attrib.: bowling technique  投球技术

bowling alley n.  1  a long enclosure for skittles or tenpin bowling 撞球戏球道，十柱滚木球戏球槽 2  a building containing these 地滚球戏球场

bowling average n. Cricket  a bowler's conceded runs per wicket taken 【板球】投手得分率

bowling crease n. Cricket  the line from behind which a bowler delivers the ball 【板球】投球线

bowling green n.  a smooth green used for playing bowls 草地滚木球球场

bowman1 /ˈbəʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an archer 弓箭手

bowman2 /ˈbaʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the rower nearest the bow of esp. a racing boat 位于船首(尤指赛船)的划船队员，头桨手

bowsaw /ˈbəʊsɔ:/ n.  a narrow saw stretched like a bowstring on a light frame 弓锯

bowser /ˈbaʊzə/ n.  1 Brit.  a tanker used for fuelling aircraft etc., or for supplying water [英] (为飞机等加油或供水的)加油车 2 propr.  a petrol pump [商标]加油站油泵 [trade name]

bowshot /ˈbəʊʃɒt/ n.  the distance to which a bow can send an arrow 箭的射程，一箭之地

bowsprit /ˈbəʊsprit/ n. Naut.  a spar running out from a ship's bow to which the forestays are fastened 【海】船首斜桁 [Middle English from Germanic (as BOW3, SPRIT)]

Bow Street runner /ˈbəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Bow Street officer) hist.  a London policeman [史义]伦敦警察 [Bow Street in London, containing the chief metropolitan police court]

bowstring /ˈbəʊstriŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  the string of an archer's bow 弓弦 ●v. tr.  strangle with a bowstring (a former Turkish method of execution) (用弓弦)勒死，绞死(昔时土耳其的一种处死犯人的方法)

bow tie n.  a necktie in the form of a bow (see 见 BOW1 n. 1a) 蝴蝶结领结

bow wave n.  a wave set up at the bows of a moving ship or in front of a body moving through a fluid (船在航行时)船首两侧的浪花

bow window n.  a curved bay window 圆肚窗，凸肚窗

bow-wow int. & n. ●int. /baʊˈwaʊ/  an imitation of a dog's bark 汪汪的叫声，模仿狗的叫声 ●n. /ˈbaʊwaʊ/  1 colloq.  a dog [口]狗 2  a dog's bark 狗叫声 [imitative]

bowyang /bəʊjæŋ/ n. Austral. & NZ  either of a pair of bands or straps worn round the trouser legs below the knee [澳新]扎裤脚的带子 [origin unknown]

bowyer /ˈbəʊjə/ n.  a maker or seller of archers' bows 制造(或卖)弓的人

box1 /bɒks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container, usu. with flat sides and of firm material such as wood or card, esp. for holding solids (尤指盛装固体的)箱，盒，匣(通常各边扁平) 2  a  the amount that will fill a box 一箱(或一盒、一匣)的容量b Brit. [英]  = CHRISTMAS BOX  3  a separate compartment for any of various purposes, e.g. for a small group in a theatre, for witnesses in a law court, for horses in a stable or vehicle 隔间(如戏院里的包厢、法院里的证人席、马厩或车辆中供马活动的分隔间) 4  an enclosure or receptacle for a special purpose (有专门用途的)隔开空间 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : money box  钱箱 telephone box  公用电话亭 5  a facility at a newspaper office for receiving replies to an advertisement (报社内所设的)应征(或应聘)来函信插 6 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  television; one's television set [口]电视；电视机  what's on the box?  电视上在演什么节目？ 7  an enclosed area or space 封闭的区域(或空间) 8  a space or area of print on a page, enclosed by a border (印刷品中的)加框文字 9 Brit.  a small country house for use when shooting or fishing, or for other sporting activity [英] (打猎、捕鱼或其他运动用的)野外小棚屋 10  a protective casing for a piece of mechanism 箱式保护外壳，护箱 11 Brit.  a light shield for protecting the genitals in sport, esp. in cricket [英] (尤指板球运动员使用的)下体护身 12 (prec. by 前接 the) Football colloq.  the penalty area 【足球】[口]罚球区 13 Baseball  the area occupied by the batter or the pitcher 【棒球】击球员(投手)所处的区域 14  a coachman's seat (马车的)驭者座 ●v. tr.  1  put in or provide with a box 把…装箱，把…置于盒内 2 (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  confine; restrain from movement 限制，不让…活动 3 (foll. by 后跟 up) Austral. & NZ  mix up (different flocks of sheep) [澳新]使(不同的羊群)混杂 □ box the compass  Naut.  recite the points of the compass in the correct order 【海】依次列举罗盘方位□ boxful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ boxlike  adj.   [Old English via Late Latin buxis from Latin PYXIS: ultimately from Greek puxos BOX3]

box2 /bɒks/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  fight (an opponent) at boxing 和(对手)进行拳击b intr.  practise boxing 拳击，打拳 2 tr.  slap (esp. a person's ears) 打(尤指打某人的耳光) ●n.  a slap with the hand, esp. on the ears 一巴掌(尤指一记耳光) □ box clever  Brit. colloq.  act in a clever or effective way [英口]举动利落，做事聪明 [Middle English: origin unknown]

box3 /bɒks/ n.  1 (also 亦作 box tree)  an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Buxus, esp. B. sempervirens, a slow-growing tree with glossy dark green leaves which is often used in hedging 黄杨属植物(尤指锦熟黄杨) 2  its wood, used for carving, turning, engraving, etc. 黄杨木(用于雕刻、车削、雕版等) 3  any of various trees in Australasia which have similar wood or foliage, esp. those of several species of Eucalyptus 澳大拉西亚一种类似的树 4  = BOXWOOD  [Old English from Latin buxus, Greek puxos]

Box and Cox /bɒks(ə)nd ˈkɒks/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  two persons sharing accommodation etc., and using it at different times (住宿等)以轮流办法同住一室的两人 ●v. intr.  share accommodation, duties, etc. by a strictly timed arrangement 以轮流使用的办法同住一室(轮流值班等) [the names of characters in a play (1847) by J. M. Morton]

box camera n.  a simple box-shaped hand camera (结构简单的)方镜箱照相机

boxcar /ˈbɒkskɑ:/ n. N. Amer.  an enclosed railway goods wagon, usu. with sliding doors on the sides [北美] (铁路上用的)棚车，货车车箱(通常边上有推拉门)

box elder n.  the American ash-leaved maple, Acer negundo (北美)梣叶槭

Boxer /ˈbɒksə/ n. hist.  a member of a fiercely nationalistic Chinese secret society that flourished in the 19th c. [史义]义和团团员(义和团为中国的一个秘密团体，具有强烈的民族主义意识，盛行于 19 世纪) [translation of Chinese yì hé quɑˊn, literally ‘righteous harmony fists’]

boxer /ˈbɒksə/ n.  1  a person who practises boxing, esp. for sport (尤指体育运动中的)拳击运动员 2  a  a medium sized dog of a breed with a smooth brown coat and puglike face 斗拳狗b  this breed 斗拳狗种

boxer shorts n. pl.  men's underpants similar to shorts (男人穿的)短衬裤，拳击裤

box girder n.  a hollow girder square in cross-section (截面为正方形的)箱形梁

boxing /ˈbɒksiŋ/ n.  the practice of fighting with the fists, esp. in padded gloves as a sport (尤指戴拳击手套的)拳击，拳术

Boxing Day /ˈbɒksiŋ/ n.  the first day (strictly, the first weekday) after Christmas 节礼日(严格而言为圣诞节后的第一个周日) [from the custom of giving tradesmen a Christmas box on this day]

boxing glove n.  each of a pair of heavily padded gloves used in boxing 拳击手套

boxing weight n.  each of a series of fixed weight ranges at which boxers are matched (根据运动员体重划分的)拳击等级

box junction n. Brit.  a road area at a junction marked with a yellow grid, which a vehicle should enter only if its exit from it is clear [英] (遇红灯时车辆不得驶入的)路口方形黄线区域

box kite n.  a kite in the form of a long box open at each end 箱形风筝

box number n.  a number by which replies are made to a private advertisement in a newspaper (回答报纸中私人广告用的)信箱号码

box office n.  1  an office for booking seats and buying tickets at a theatre, cinema, etc. (戏院、电影院等的)票房，售票处 2  the commercial aspect of the arts and entertainment 票房收入 often 常作 attrib.: a box-office failure  票房收入低

box pleat n.  a pleat consisting of two parallel creases forming a raised band 箱形褶裥

boxroom /ˈbɒksru:m, -rʊm/ n. Brit.  a small room or large cupboard esp. for storing boxes, cases, etc. [英] (尤指放箱子、盒子等杂物的)储藏室

box spanner n. Brit.  a spanner with a box-shaped end fitting over the head of a nut [英]套筒扳手

box spring n.  each of a set of vertical springs housed in a frame, e.g. in a mattress (如床垫中的)竖式弹簧，坐簧

boxwood /ˈbɒkswʊd/ n.  1  the wood of the box tree, used esp. by engravers for the fineness of its grain and for its hardness (尤指雕刻家使用的)黄杨木 2  the tree itself 黄杨树

boxy /ˈbɒksi/ adj. (boxier, boxiest)  1  resembling a box; (of a room or space) very cramped 盒形的，箱形的；(房间、空间)狭窄的 2 (of recorded sound) restricted in tone (录音)音色不丰满的，闷在箱子里似的

boy /bɔi/ n. & int. ●n.  1  a male child or youth 男孩，男青年 2  a young man, esp. regarded as not yet mature (尤指不够成熟的)小伙子 3  a male servant, attendant, etc. 侍者，男佣人(男仆等) 4 (the boys) colloq.  a group of men mixing socially [口] (尤指有共同兴趣的)一群男人 ●int. (also 亦作 oh boy)  expressing pleasure, surprise, etc. (表示欣喜、惊奇等)好家伙 □ boyhood  n.  □ boyish  adj.  □ boyishly  adv.  □ boyishness  n.   [Middle English = servant, perhaps ultimately from Latin boia ‘fetter’]

boyar /bəʊˈjɑ:/ n. hist.  a member of the old aristocracy in Russia [史义]波雅尔(沙俄旧贵族阶层的成员) [Russian boyarin ‘grandee’]

boycott /ˈbɔikɒt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  combine in refusing social or commercial relations with (a person, group, country, etc.) usu. as punishment or coercion (联合起来)抵制(个人、团体或国家)；拒绝与…做交易(或来往) 2  refuse to handle (goods) to this end 抵制(货物) ●n.  such a refusal (联合)抵制 [Capt. C. C. Boycott, Irish land agent d. 1897, so treated from 1880]

boyfriend /ˈbɔifrend/ n.  a person's regular male companion or lover 男朋友，情人

Boyle's law /ˈbɔilz/ n.  the law that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature 波意耳定律(恒温下气体体积与压力成反比) [Robert Boyle, Irish scientist d. 1691]

boyo /ˈbɔiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Welsh & Ir. colloq.  boy, fellow (esp. as a form of address) [威尔士和爱尔兰] [口]男孩，小伙子，家伙(尤指作为称呼)

Boy Scout n.  = SCOUT1n. 4 

boysenberry /ˈbɔiz(ə)nberi, -s-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hybrid of several species of bramble 博伊森莓(一种杂交莓) 2  the large red edible fruit of this plant 博伊森莓又大又红的果实 [R. Boysen (d. 1950), American horticulturalist who developed it]

boys in blue n. pl. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  policemen; the police 警察

bozo /ˈbəʊzəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. N. Amer. slang  a stupid or insignificant person [尤北美] [俚语]愚蠢而无足轻重的人，笨蛋 [20th c.: origin unknown]

BP abbr. [缩略]  1  boiling point 沸点 2  blood pressure 血压 3  before the present (era) 以前 4  British Petroleum 英国石油公司 5  British Pharmacopoeia 英国药典

Bp. abbr.  Bishop [缩略] (基督教的)主教；(国际象棋中的)象

BPC abbr.  British Pharmaceutical Codex [缩略]英国药物处方书

B.Phil. abbr.  Bachelor of Philosophy [缩略]哲学学士

bpi abbr. Computing  bits per inch [缩略]【计算】位 / 英寸

B picture n.  = B MOVIE 

bpS abbr. Computing  bits per second [缩略]【计算】位 / 秒

Bq abbr. [缩略]  becquerel 

BR abbr.  British Rail [缩略]英国铁路公司

Br symb. Chem.  the element bromine [符]【化】(化学元素)溴

Br. abbr. [缩略]  1  British  2  Brother (不担任圣职但代表教会服务于医院、学校等处的)教会在俗人员

bra /brɑ:/ n. (pl. bras)  an undergarment worn by women to support the breasts 乳罩，胸罩 □ braless  adj.   [abbreviation of BRASSIERE]

brace /breis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a device that clamps or fastens tightly 托架，支架，扣件b  a strengthening piece of iron or timber in building (建筑物中铁或木的)撑柱，拉条 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  straps supporting trousers from the shoulders [英] (裤子的)背带 3  a wire device for straightening the teeth 畸齿矫正钢丝架，牙箍 4 (pl. same 单复同)  a pair (esp. of game) 一对，一双(尤指猎物) 5  a rope attached to the yard of a ship for trimming the sail 帆桁上调节帆用的牵索 6  a  a connecting mark { or } used in printing 印刷中使用的大括弧(即 { 或 })b Mus.  a similar mark connecting staves to be performed at the same time 【音】连谱号(连接同时演奏的谱表音符) ●v. tr.  1  fasten tightly, give firmness to 支撑，加固，使绷紧 2  make steady by supporting 使牢置，使稳扎 3 (esp. as 尤作 bracing adj.)  invigorate, refresh 激动(的)，振奋(的) 4 (often 常作 refl.)  prepare for a difficulty, shock, etc. (对困难、冲突等)使防备，作好准备 □ bracingly  adv.  □ bracingness  n.   [Middle English via Old French brace ‘two arms’, bracier ‘embrace’, from Latin bra(c)chia ‘arms’]

brace and bit n.  a revolving tool with a D-shaped central handle for boring 手摇曲柄钻

bracelet /ˈbreislit/ n.  1  an ornamental band, hoop, or chain worn on the wrist or arm 手镯，臂镯 2 slang  a handcuff [俚语]手铐 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of bracel, from Latin bracchiale from bra(c)chium ‘arm’]

bracer /ˈbreisə/ n. colloq.  a tonic, esp. an alcoholic drink [口] (尤指含酒精的)滋补药

brachial /ˈbreikiəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to the arm (有关)臂的，(有关)肱的  brachial artery  肱动脉 2  like an arm 臂状的 [Latin brachialis from bra(c)chium ‘arm’]

brachiate v. & adj. ●v. intr. /ˈbrækieit/ (of certain apes and monkeys) move by using the arms to swing from branch to branch (某些猿、猴等)用臂吊荡树枝前进 ●adj. /ˈbrækiət, ˈbreik-/ Biol. 【生】  1  having arms 有臂的 2  having paired branches on alternate sides 有交互对枝的 □ brachiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ brachiator  n.   [Latin bra(c)chium ‘arm’]

brachiopod /ˈbrækiəpɒd/ n.  a marine invertebrate of the phylum Brachiopoda, having a ciliated feeding arm and a two-valved shell, often found fossilized Also called 亦称作 lamp shell 腕足动物 [modern Latin from Greek brakhiōn ‘arm’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

brachiosaurus /brækiəˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  any huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus Brachiosaurus with forelegs longer than its hind legs 长臂龙(一种大型的食草恐龙，前肢长于后肢) [modern Latin from Greek brakhiōn ‘arm’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

brachistochrone /brəˈkistəkrəʊn/ n.  a curve between two points along which a body can move in a shorter time than for any other curve 最速降线，捷线 [Greek brakhistos ‘shortest’ + khronos ‘time’]

brachy- /ˈbræki/ comb. form  short [构词成分]短的 [Greek brakhus ‘short’]

brachycephalic /ˌbrækisiˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj. Anthropol.  having a broad short head 【人】宽短头型的，圆头型的 □ brachycephalous  /brækiˈsefələs, -kef-/ adj.   [BRACHY- + Greek kephalē ‘head’]

brachylogy /brəˈkilədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  over-conciseness of expression (语言的)简明精炼 2  an instance of this 简略表达

brack /bræk/ n. Ir.  cake or bread containing dried fruit etc. [爱尔兰] (含水果干等的)果子面包 [abbreviation of BARMBRACK]

bracken /ˈbræk(ə)n/ n.  1  any large coarse fern, esp. Pteridium aquilinum, abundant on heaths and moorlands, and in woods also called 亦称作 brake 欧洲蕨 2  a mass of such ferns 蕨丛 [northern Middle English from Old Norse]

bracket /ˈbrækit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a right-angled or other support attached to and projecting from a vertical surface (直角或突出于垂直平面的)支架，托座 2  a shelf fixed with such a support to a wall (由托架支承的)小壁架 3  each of a pair of marks () [] { }  used to enclose words or figures (圆、方、大、尖)括号 4  a group classified as containing similar elements or falling between given limits 等级，类别；阶层  income bracket  收入阶层 5 Mil.  the distance between two artillery shots fired either side of the target to establish range 【军】夹叉射击 ●v. tr. (bracketed, bracketing)  1  a  couple (names etc.) with a bracket 把(名字等)放入括弧内b  imply a connection or equality between 将…相提并论，把…归入同一类 2  a  enclose in brackets as parenthetic or spurious 把…置于括弧内(作为插入或谬误成分)b Math.  enclose in brackets as having specific relations to what precedes or follows 【数】用括号括起(与前后有特殊关系的成分) 3 Mil.  establish the range of (a target) by firing two preliminary shots one short of and the other beyond it 【军】对(目标)进行夹叉射击 [French braguette or Spanish bragueta ‘codpiece, bracket, corbel’, diminutive of French brague ‘mortice’, pl. ‘breeches’ via Provençal braga from Latin braca, pl. bracae ‘breeches’]

bracket fungus n.  a fungus forming shelf-like projections on tree trunks etc. (树干等上的)檐状菌

brackish /ˈbrækiʃ/ adj. (of water etc.) slightly salty (水等)微咸的，略含盐分的 □ brackishness  n.   [obsolete brack (adj.) from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch brac]

bract /brækt/ n. Bot.  a modified and often brightly coloured leaf, with a flower or an inflorescence in its axil 【植】苞(片) □ bracteal  adj.  □ bracteate  /-tiət/ adj.   [Latin bractea ‘thin plate, gold leaf’]

Brad /bræd/   布拉德 [人名]

brad /bræd/ n.  a thin, flat, small-headed nail 角钉，平头钉 [variant of Middle English brod ‘goad, pointed instrument’, from Old Norse broddr ‘spike’]

bradawl /ˈbrædɔ:l/ n.  a small tool with a pointed end for boring holes by hand 打眼钻，锥钻 [BRAD + AWL]

Bradford /ˈbrædfəd/   布拉德福德 [人名]

bradycardia /brædiˈkɑ:diə/ n. Med.  abnormally slow heart action 【医】心动过缓 [Greek bradus ‘slow’ + kardia ‘heart’]

brae /brei/ n. Sc.  a steep bank or hillside [苏格兰]陡岸；山坡，山腰 [Middle English from Old Norse brɑˊ ‘eyelash’: related to German Braue ‘eyebrow’: cf. BROW]

brag /bræɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (bragged, bragging)  1 intr.  talk boastfully 吹嘘，吹牛 2 tr.  boast about 夸说，夸耀 ●n.  1  a card game like poker 勃莱格牌戏(一种类似扑克的纸牌戏) 2  a boastful statement; boastful talk 夸耀之词；大话，牛皮 □ bragger  n.  □ braggingly  adv.   [Middle English, originally adj., = spirited, boastful: origin unknown]

braggadocio /bræɡəˈdəʊtʃiəʊ/ n.  empty boasting; a boastful manner of speech and behaviour 自夸，吹牛；傲慢 [Braggadochio, a braggart in Spenser's Faerie Queene, from BRAG or BRAGGART + Italian augmentative suffix -occio]

braggart /ˈbræɡət, -ɑ:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person given to bragging 自夸者，吹牛者 ●adj.  boastful 自夸的，吹牛的 [French bragard from braguer BRAG]

Brahma /ˈbrɑ:mə/ n.  1  the creator god in Hinduism 婆罗贺摩，梵天(印度教的创始神) 2  = BRAHMAN 2  [Sanskrit, nominative of brahman ‘priest’]

Brahman /ˈbrɑ:mən/ n. (also 亦作 brahman) (pl. -mans)  1  a member of the highest Hindu caste, the priesthood caste 婆罗门(印度种姓等级中最高等级)的一员，(印度)僧侣贵族的一员 2  the supreme being or ground of the universe in the Hindu scriptures 梵(印度教圣经中宇宙中最高的存在或境界) □ Brahmanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.  □ Brahmanical  /-ˈmænik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Brahmanism  n.   [Sanskrit brɑˉhmana from brahman ‘priest’]

brahmaputra /brɑ:məˈpu:trə/ n. (also 亦作 brahma)  1  any bird of a large Asian breed of domestic fowl 布拉马普特拉鸡(一种大型的亚洲家禽) 2  this breed 布拉马普特拉鸡种 [river Brahmaputra in India, from where it was brought]

Brahmin /ˈbrɑ:min/ n.  1  = BRAHMAN 1  2  a socially or culturally superior person, esp. from New England (尤指来自新英格兰的)文人雅士，上流社会的高雅之士，有学问有教养的人 [variant of BRAHMAN]

braid /breid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a woven band of silk or thread used for edging or trimming (镶边或装饰用的)丝(线)编织的带子 2  a length of entwined hair 发辫 ●v. tr.  1  plait or intertwine (hair or thread) 把(头发)编成辫子；把(线)编成带子 2  trim or decorate with braid 用丝带镶缀 [Old English bregdan, from Germanic]

braiding /ˈbreidiŋ/ n.  1  various types of braid collectively (总称)各种编缏带 2  braided work 编织物

brail /breil/ n. & v. ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  small ropes on the sides of fore-and-aft sails for trussing them before furling 卷帆索 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  haul up (sails) using brails 用卷帆索卷(帆) [Middle English via Old French brai(el) from medieval Latin bracale ‘girdle’]

Braille /breil/ n. & v. ●n.  a system of writing and printing for the blind, in which characters are represented by patterns of raised dots 布拉耶点字法，盲文(供盲人书写和印刷用的凸点符号) ●v. tr.  print or transcribe in Braille 用布拉耶点字法印刷，把…译成布拉耶盲字 [L. Braille, French teacher (d. 1852), inventor of the system]

brain /brein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating centre of sensation, and of intellectual and nervous activity 脑 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the substance of the brain, esp. as food 脑浆(尤指作为菜肴) 3  a  a person's intellectual capacity 脑袋；智力  has a poor brain  脑袋不好使b (often in pl. 常用复数)  intelligence; high intellectual capacity 智慧，天赋  has a brain  有头脑 has brains  聪慧 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) colloq. [口]  a  the cleverest person in a group 极聪明的人，智者b  a person who originates a complex plan or idea 策划组织者，智囊  the brains behind the robbery  抢劫的幕后策划者 5  an electronic device with functions comparable to those of a brain 电脑，计算机 ●v. tr.  1  dash out the brains of 砸出…的脑浆 2  strike hard on the head 重击…的头 □ on the brain  colloq.  obsessively in one's thoughts [口]萦绕于脑际，念念不忘于，热衷于 [Old English brœgen, from West Germanic]

brainbox /ˈbreinbɒks/ n. colloq.  a clever person [口]聪明人

brainchild /ˈbreintʃaild/ n. (pl. -children) colloq.  an idea, plan, or invention regarded as the result of a person's mental effort [口]智力产儿(指构思、计划、发明)

brain coral n.  a compact coral with a convoluted surface resembling that of the brain 脑珊瑚

brain damage n.  injury to the brain (permanently) impairing its functions (永久性的)脑损伤 □ brain-damaged  adj.  

brain-dead adj.  1  having suffered brain death 脑死亡的 2 colloq. derog.  feeble-minded; lacking any vitality [口] [贬]弱智的；缺乏活力的

brain death n.  irreversible brain damage causing the end of independent respiration, regarded as indicative of death 脑死亡(不可逆转的脑损伤，导致丧失自主呼吸能力，预示着死亡)

brain drain n. colloq.  the loss of academics and skilled personnel by emigration [口]人才外流

brain fever n.  inflammation of the brain 脑炎；脑脊膜炎

brainless /ˈbreinlis/ adj.  stupid, foolish 愚蠢的，没有头脑的

brainpan /ˈbreinpæn/ n. colloq.  the skull [口]脑壳，头盖骨

brainpower /ˈbreinpaʊə/ n.  mental ability or intelligence 脑力，智能

brainstem /ˈbreinstem/ n.  the central trunk of the brain, upon which the cerebrum and cerebellum are set, and which continues downwards to form the spinal cord 脑干

brainstorm /ˈbreinstɔ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent or excited outburst often as a result of a sudden mental disturbance 脑(病)猝发 2 colloq.  mental confusion [口]神智不清，一时糊涂 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = BRAINWAVE 2  4 (also 亦作 brainstorming session)  a concerted intellectual treatment of a problem by discussing spontaneous ideas about it 集思广议；献计献策 ●v. intr.  engage in a brainstorming session 集体自由讨论，献计献策 □ brainstorming  n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  

brains trust n. Brit.  a group of experts who give impromptu answers to questions, usu. publicly [英] (通常当众即席回答问题的)专家小组，智囊团

brain-teaser n. (also 亦作 brain-twister) colloq.  a puzzle or problem [口]测试机敏程度的难题，难以理解的问题

brain trust n. US  a group of expert advisers [美]智囊团，顾问班子

brainwash /ˈbreinwɒʃ/ v. tr.  subject (a person) to a prolonged process by which ideas other than and at variance with those already held are implanted in the mind 对(某人)实行洗脑，把思想强行灌输给(某人) □ brainwashing  n.  

brainwave /ˈbreinweiv/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an electrical impulse in the brain 脑电波 2 colloq.  a sudden bright idea [口]突然想到的好主意(好办法)；灵感

brainy /ˈbreini/ adj. (brainier, brainiest)  intellectually clever or active 有才能的，聪明的，思想活跃的，机敏的 □ brainily  adv.  □ braininess  n.  

braise /breiz/ v. tr.  fry lightly and then stew slowly with a little liquid in a closed container (用文火)炖，焖，煨 [French braiser from braise ‘live coals’, among which the container was formerly placed]

brake1 /breik/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a device for checking the motion of a mechanism, esp. a wheel or vehicle, or for keeping it at rest (尤指使轮子、车辆停止运动的)闸，制动器，刹车 2  anything that has the effect of hindering or impeding 起抑制作用的因素，约束  shortage of money was a brake on their enthusiasm  缺钱抑制了他们的积极性 ●v.  1 intr.  apply a brake 用闸，用刹车 2 tr.  retard or stop with a brake 刹住，用闸使减速(或停住) [probably obsolete brake in sense ‘machine-handle, bridle’]

brake2 /breik/ n. Brit.  a large estate car [英]大型客货两用轿车，大旅行车 [variant of BREAK2]

brake3 /breik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a toothed instrument used for crushing flax and hemp (亚麻、大麻等的)碎茎机，麻梳 2 (in full 全称 brake harrow)  a heavy kind of harrow for breaking up large lumps of earth 重型耙 ●v. tr.  crush (flax or hemp) by beating it 将(亚麻、大麻)揉碎成纤维 [Middle English, related to BREAK1]

brake4 /breik/ n.  1  a thicket 灌木丛 2  brushwood 杂木林，荆棘 [Old English bracu, related to Middle Low German brake ‘branch, stump’]

brake5 /breik/ n.  bracken 欧洲蕨 [Middle English, perhaps shortened from BRACKEN, -en being taken as a pl. ending]

brake6 archaic [古义] past  of BREAK1 

brake block n.  1  a block (usu. of hardened rubber) which is applied to a bicycle wheel as a brake 自行车闸瓦(通常为硬橡胶) 2  a block used to hold a brake shoe 制动器

brake disc n.  a disc attached to a wheel on which the brake pad presses to brake 制动圆盘

brake drum n.  a cylinder attached to a wheel on which the brake shoe presses to brake 制动鼓，闸鼓

brake fluid n.  fluid used in a hydraulic brake system 制动液；刹车油

brake harrow  see 见 BRAKE3 n. 2 

brake horsepower n.  the power of an engine reckoned in terms of the force needed to brake it 制动马力

brake lining n.  a strip of fabric attached to a brake shoe to increase its friction 制动衬面

brakeman /ˈbreikmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 US  a railway worker responsible for maintenance of a train on a journey [美] (火车上的)维修工 2  a person in charge of brakes 司闸员，制动手 [BRAKE1 + MAN]

brake pad n.  a block which presses on the brake disc when brakes are applied 制动块

brake shoe n.  a long curved block which presses on the brake drum when brakes are applied 制动瓦，闸瓦

brakesman /ˈbreiksmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. [英]  = BRAKEMAN 2 

brakevan /ˈbreikvæn/ n. Brit.  a railway coach or vehicle from which the train's brakes can be controlled [英] (火车上的)司闸车，守车

bramble /ˈbræmb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various thorny shrubs of the rose family bearing fleshy red or black berries, esp. the blackberry bush, Rubus fructicosus 悬钩子属植物(尤指黑莓丛) 2 Brit.  the edible berry of these shrubs [英] (可食用的)黑莓果 3  any of various other shrubs of the rose family with similar foliage, esp. the dog rose, Rosa canina 有刺灌木(尤指犬蔷薇) ●v. intr.  gather blackberries 采集黑莓  go brambling  去采黑莓 □ brambly  adj.   [Old English brœmbel (earlier brœˉmel), from the Germanic base of BROOM]

brambling /ˈbræmbliŋ/ n.  a northern Eurasian finch, Fringilla montifringilla, which has brightly coloured plumage with a white rump 燕雀(生长于欧亚大陆北部，长有艳丽羽毛，腰白色) [origin uncertain, perhaps related to German Brɑ¨mling from West Germanic]

Bramley /ˈbræmli/ n. (pl. -eys) (in full 全称 Bramley's seedling)  a large green variety of cooking apple (供烹食用的)绿色大苹果 [M. Bramley, English butcher in whose garden it is said to have first grown c. 1850]

bran /bræn/ n.  grain husks separated from the flour 糠，麸皮 [Middle English from Old French, of unknown origin]

branch /brɑ:n(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a limb extending from a tree or bough 树枝，分枝 2  a lateral extension or subdivision, esp. of a river, road, or railway (尤指河流、道路、铁路的)支流；支路；支线 3  a conceptual extension or subdivision, as of a family, knowledge, a subject, etc. (家族的)支系；(知识的)分类；(学科等的)分科 4  a local division or office etc. of a large business, as of a bank, library, etc. (公司的)分部；(银行的)分行；(图书馆等的)分馆 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  1  diverge from the main part 分叉，分岔 2  divide into branches 分支 3 (of a tree) bear or send out branches (树木)发枝，出枝 □ branch out   extend one's field of interest 扩大(兴趣范围)□ branched  adj.  □ branchlet  n.  □ branchlike  adj.  □ branchy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French branche from Late Latin branca ‘paw’]

branchia /ˈbræŋkiə/ n. pl. (also 亦作 branchiae /-kii:/)  gills 鳃 □ branchial  adj.  □ branchiate  /-kiət, -kieit/ adj.   [Latin branchia, pl. -ae, from Greek bragkhia pl.]

brand /brænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a particular make of goods 商品的牌子；商标b (in full 全称 brand name)  an identifying trade mark, label, etc. 认可的商标(牌子等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a special or characteristic kind 特殊(或独特)的种类  brand of humour  别具一格的幽默 3  an identifying mark burned on livestock or (formerly) prisoners etc. with a hot iron (牲畜身上表明所属的)火印； (从前囚犯等身上的)烙印 4  an iron used for this 烙铁 5  a piece of burning, smouldering, or charred wood 燃烧(冒烟或烧焦)的木头 6  a stigma; a mark of disgrace 污名；耻辱的标记 7 poet. [诗]  a  a torch 火炬b  a sword 剑 8  a kind of blight, leaving leaves with a burnt appearance (叶子的)黑粉病 ●v. tr.  1  mark with a hot iron 打烙印于 2  stigmatize; mark with disgrace 加污名于，给…抹黑  they branded him a liar  他们给他加上说谎者的罪名 was branded for life  终生蒙受耻辱 3  impress unforgettably on one's mind 铭刻于 4  assign a trade mark or label to 加商标于 □ brander  n.   [Old English, from Germanic]

brandish /ˈbrændiʃ/ v. tr.  wave or flourish as a threat or in display 威胁地挥动；炫耀地挥舞 □ brandisher  n.   [Old French brandir, ultimately from Germanic, related to BRAND]

brand leader n.  the leading or best-selling product of its type 名牌产品；热销产品

brandling /ˈbrændliŋ/ n.  a red earthworm, Eisenia foetida, with rings of a brighter colour, which is often found in manure and used as bait (用作钓饵的)红纹小蚯蚓 [BRAND + -LING1]

brand name n.  1  see 见 BRAND 1b  2  a product with an identifying trade mark, label, etc. 品牌(商标等)

brand new adj.  completely or obviously new 崭新的；全新的

brandy /ˈbrændi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a strong alcoholic spirit distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice 白兰地酒 [earlier brand(e)wine from Dutch brandewijn ‘burnt (distilled) wine’]

brandy ball n. Brit.  a kind of brandy-flavoured sweet [英]白兰地酒味糖

brandy butter n. Brit.  a rich sweet hard sauce made with brandy, butter, and sugar [英] (用白兰地、黄油和糖制成的)白兰地黄油

brandy snap n.  a crisp rolled gingerbread wafer usu. filled with cream 酒味姜汁脆饼(通常夹奶油)

brank-ursine /bræŋkˈɜ:sin/ n.  = BEAR'S BREECH  [French branche ursine, medieval Latin branca ursina ‘bear's claw’: see BRANCH, URSINE]

brant US var.  of BRENT [美] BRENT 的变体

bran tub n. Brit.  a lucky dip with prizes concealed in bran [英]摸彩桶(里面装满麸皮，内藏礼物)

brash1 /bræʃ/ adj.  1  vulgarly or ostentatiously self-assertive 不雅的；自以为是的 2  hasty, rash 性急的，鲁莽的 3  impudent 无礼的，粗鲁的 □ brashly  adv.  □ brashness  n.   [originally dialect, perhaps from RASH1]

brash2 /bræʃ/ n.  1  loose broken rock or ice 碎石堆，碎冰堆 2  clippings from hedges, shrubs, etc. (修剪下篱笆、灌木等的)树枝堆 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Brasilia /brəˈziljə/ n.  巴西利亚 [巴西首都]

brass /brɑ:s/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a yellow alloy of copper and zinc 黄铜(铜锌合金) 2  a  an ornament or other decorated piece of brass 黄铜饰品b  brass objects collectively (总称)黄铜制品 3 Mus.  brass wind instruments (including trumpet, horn, trombone) forming a band or a section of an orchestra 【音】铜管乐器(包括喇叭、号、长号) 4 Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 5 (in full 全称 horse brass)  a round flat brass ornament for the harness of a draught horse 黄铜马饰 6 (in full 全称 top brass) colloq.  persons in authority or of high (esp. military) rank [口]高级官员； (尤指部队的)高级军官 7 Brit.  an inscribed or engraved memorial tablet of brass [英] (雕刻的)黄铜纪念牌 8 colloq.  effrontery [口]厚脸皮，厚颜  then had the brass to demand money  然后厚着脸皮要钱 9  a brass block or die used for making a design on a book binding (用于书籍装订设计的)铜版 ●adj.  made of brass 黄铜制的 □ brassed off  Brit. slang  fed up [英] [俚语]厌烦的□ not a brass farthing  colloq.  no money or assets at all [口]身无分文 [Old English brœs, of unknown origin]

brassard /ˈbræsɑ:d/ n.  a band worn on the sleeve, esp. with a uniform (尤指制服上的)臂章 [French bras ‘arm’ + -ARD]

brass band n.  a group of musicians playing brass instruments, sometimes also with percussion 铜管乐队，军乐队

brasserie /ˈbræsəri/ n.  a restaurant, originally one serving beer with food (供应啤酒、食物的)小餐馆 [French, = brewery]

brass hat n. Brit. colloq.  an officer of high rank, usu. one with gold braid on the cap [英口]高级将领(通常帽上带金镶边)

brassica /ˈbræsikə/ n.  any cruciferous plant of the genus Brassica, having tap roots and erect branched stems, including cabbage, swede, Brussels sprout, mustard, rape, cauliflower, kohlrabi, calabrese, kale, and turnip 芸苔属十字花科植物(包括卷心菜、芜菁甘蓝、汤菜、芥菜、油菜、菜花、撇蓝、花茎甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝、萝卜) [Latin, = cabbage]

brassie /ˈbræsi, ˈbrɑ:si/ n. (also 亦作 brassy) (pl. -ies)  a wooden-headed golf club with a brass sole (棒头镶有铜皮的)高尔夫 (2 号)球棒

brassiere /ˈbræsiə, -z-/ n.  = BRA  [French, = child's vest]

brass monkey n. (in phr. 用于短语 cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey and similar expressions 及类似的表达方式)  used to indicate extreme cold 极冷 [from a type of brass rack or ‘monkey’ in which cannon balls were stored and which contracted in very cold weather, ejecting the balls]

brass rubbing n.  1  the rubbing of heelball etc. over paper laid on an engraved brass to take an impression of its design (用蜡墨摹拓丸等在黄铜牌上拓取图文的)拓印 2  an impression obtained by this 拓片

brass tacks n. pl. slang  actual details; real business [俚语]实际详情；实质性问题  get down to brass tacks  讨论实质性问题

brassy1 /ˈbrɑ:si/ adj. (brassier, brassiest)  1  like brass, esp. in colour (尤指颜色)黄铜色的 2  impudent 厚颜的 3  pretentious, showy 矫饰的，花哨的 4  loud and blaring 喧闹的，响得刺耳的 □ brassily  adv.  □ brassiness  n.  

brassy2 var.  of BRASSIE  BRASSIE 的变体

brat /bræt/ n. usu. derog.  a child, esp. a badly behaved one [通常贬] (尤指品德不好的)顽童，捣蛋鬼 □ bratty  adj.   [perhaps abbreviation of Scots bratchet ‘infant’, or from brat ‘rough garment’]

brat pack n. slang  a rowdy and ostentatious group of young celebrities, esp. film stars [俚语]童子队，一帮乳臭未干的童星(尤指影星) □ brat packer  n.  

brattice /ˈbrætis/ n.  a wooden partition or shaft lining in a coal mine (矿井中的)木质隔板，风障 [Middle English, ultimately from Old English brittisc BRITISH]

bratwurst /ˈbrætvɜ:st/ n.  a type of small German pork sausage 德式小香肠，多味腊肠 [German from braten ‘fry, roast’ + Wurst ‘sausage’]

bravado /brəˈvɑ:dəʊ/ n.  a bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress 故作勇武；虚张声势 [Spanish bravata from bravo: cf. BRAVE, -ADO]

brave /breiv/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  able or ready to face and endure danger or pain 勇敢的，无畏的 2 formal  splendid, spectacular [正式]华丽的；壮观的  make a brave show  举办一场令人目不睱接的表演 ●n.  an American Indian warrior 北美印第安武士 ●v. tr.  defy; encounter bravely 向…挑战；勇敢地面对 □ brave it out   behave defiantly under suspicion or blame (不顾怀疑和责难)拼命干到底□ bravely  adv.  □ braveness  n.   [Middle English from French, via Italian or Spanish bravo ‘courageous, untamed, savage’, from Latin barbarus BARBAROUS]

bravery /ˈbreiv(ə)ri/ n.  1  brave conduct 勇敢行为 2  a brave nature 无畏精神 [French braverie or Italian braveria (as BRAVE)]

bravo1 /brɑ:ˈvəʊ, ˈbrɑ:vəʊ/ int. & n. ●int.  expressing approval of a performer etc. 好啊！妙啊！ (用于向演员等喝彩) ●n. (pl. -os)  a cry of bravo 喝彩声 [French from Italian: see BRAVE]

bravo2 /ˈbrɑ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  a hired ruffian or killer (受雇于人的)打手，刺客 [Italian: see BRAVE]

bravura /brəˈv(j)ʊərə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a brilliant or ambitious action or display 大胆的行为；雄心勃勃的举动 2  a  a style of (esp. vocal) music requiring exceptional ability (要求高超技巧的)华美乐章(尤指演唱)b  a passage of this kind 华美乐章的乐段 3  bravado 故作勇武 [Italian, from bravo BRAVE]

braw /brɔ:/ adj. Sc.  fine, good [苏格兰]美好的，优秀的 [variant of brawf BRAVE]

brawl /brɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a noisy quarrel or fight (乱哄哄的)争吵；打架 ●v. intr.  1  quarrel noisily or roughly 争吵，吵架 2 (of a stream) run noisily (溪流)淙淙而流，哗哗地响 □ brawler  n.   [Middle English, probably ultimately related to BRAY1]

brawn /brɔ:n/ n.  1  muscular strength 强健的体力 2  muscle; lean flesh 肌肉；瘦肉 3 Brit.  a jellied preparation of the chopped meat from a boiled pig's head [英] (碎猪头肉制成的)肉冻 [Middle English via Anglo-French braun, Old French braon from Germanic]

brawny /ˈbrɔ:ni/ adj. (brawnier, brawniest)  muscular, strong 肌肉发达的，强壮的 □ brawniness  n.  

bray1 /brei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the cry of a donkey 驴叫声 2  a sound like this cry, e.g. that of a harshly played brass instrument, a laugh, etc. 似驴叫的声音(如铜管乐器发出的刺耳声音、响而粗的笑声等) ●v.  1 intr.  make a braying sound 发出驴叫似的声音 2 tr.  utter harshly 粗声说话 [Middle English from Old French braire ‘to cry’, perhaps ultimately from Celtic]

bray2 /brei/ v. tr. archaic  pound or crush to small pieces, esp. with a pestle and mortar [古义]砸碎，捣碎(尤指用杵和臼) [Middle English from Anglo-French braier, Old French breier from the Germanic base of BREAK1]

braze1 /breiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  solder with an alloy of copper and zinc at a high temperature (用铜锌合金)焊接 ●n.  1  a brazed joint 铜焊接头 2  the alloy used for brazing (铜焊用)合金 [French braser ‘solder’ from braise ‘live coals’]

braze2 /breiz/ v. tr.  1  a  make of brass 用黄铜制作b  cover or ornament with brass 用黄铜镶饰 2  make hard like brass 使坚硬如黄铜 [Old English brœsen from brœs ‘brass’]

brazen /ˈbreiz(ə)n/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (also 亦作 brazen-faced)  flagrant and shameless; insolent 厚颜的，无耻的；无礼的 2  of or like brass 黄铜的；黄铜般的 3  harsh in sound 声音刺耳的 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  face or undergo defiantly 厚着脸皮做(或对待) □ brazen it out   be defiantly unrepentant under censure (不顾责难)厚着脸皮硬挺□ brazenly  adv.  □ brazenness  /ˈbreiz(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English brœsen from brœs brass]

brazier1 /ˈbreizjə, -ʒə/ n.  1  a portable heater consisting of a pan or stand for holding lighted coals (手提式取暖用)火盆，火钵 2 N. Amer.  a charcoal grill for cooking [北美] (用炭的)食物烤架 [French brasier from braise ‘hot coals’]

brazier2 /ˈbreizjə, -ʒə/ n.  a worker in brass 铜匠 □ braziery  n.   [Middle English probably from BRASS + -IER, on the pattern of glass, glazier]

Brazil   巴西

brazil /brəˈzil/ n.  1 (in full 全称 Brazil nut)  a large three-sided nut with an edible kernel, obtained from the S. American forest tree Bertholletia excelsa 巴西果 2 (in full 全称 Brazil wood)  a hard red wood from any tropical tree of the genus Caesalpinia, yielding dyes 巴西木，巴西苏木(一种坚硬的红色热带乔木，可提取染料) [medieval Latin brasilium; the S. American country Brazil is named from the wood]

Brazilian /brəˈziliən/ adj. & n.  巴西的(人)

Brazzaville /ˈbræzəvil,ˈbrɑ:zəvil/ n.  布拉柴维尔 [刚果首都]

BRCS abbr.  British Red Cross Society [缩略]英国红十字协会

breach /bri:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the breaking of or failure to observe a law, contract, etc. (对法律、契约等的)破坏；违反，不遵守 2  a  a breaking of relations; an estrangement 关系破裂；疏远b  a quarrel 争执，不和 3  a  a broken state 中断；裂痕b  a gap, esp. one made by artillery in fortifications (用炮火轰开的)缺口，突破口 ●v. tr.  1  break through; make a gap in 攻克；在…上打开缺口 2  break (a law, contract, etc.) 违反，不遵守(法律、契约等) □ stand in the breach   bear the brunt of an attack 承受最强烈的攻击，首当其冲□ step into the breach   give help in a crisis, esp. by replacing someone who has dropped out (在别人危难时)挺身相助(尤指挺身而出做替补) [Middle English from Old French breche, ultimately from the Germanic base of BREAK1]

breach of promise n.  the breaking of a promise, esp. a promise to marry 毁约(尤指毁弃婚约)

breach of the peace n.  an infringement or violation of the public peace by any disturbance or riot etc. (用骚乱、暴乱等)扰乱治安

bread /bred/ n. & v. ●n.  1  baked dough made from flour usu. leavened with yeast and moistened, eaten as a staple food (通常发面)面包 2  a  necessary food 必需的食物b (also 亦作 daily bread)  one's livelihood 生计，谋生之道 3 slang  money [俚语]钱 ●v. tr.  coat with breadcrumbs for cooking 在…上涂抹面包屑 □ bread and circuses   the public provision of subsistence and entertainment 面包与马戏观赏，食物和娱乐□ bread and wine   the Eucharist 圣餐□ cast one's bread upon the waters   do good without expecting gratitude or reward 真心行善不图回报□ know which side one's bread is buttered (or US [美] buttered on)   know where one's advantage lies 知道自己的利益所在，善为个人利益谋算□ take the bread out of a person's mouth   take away a person's living, esp. by competition etc. (尤指通过竞争等手段)抢某人的饭碗，夺某人的生计 [Old English brēad, from Germanic]

bread and butter n.  1  bread spread with butter 抹黄油的面包 2  a  one's livelihood 生计，谋生之道b  routine work to ensure an income 正常的收入来源 often, with hyphens, attrib. 常加连字符作定语 : bread-and-butter sales  为糊口做的买卖

bread-and-butter letter n.  a letter of thanks for hospitality 感谢款待的信

breadbasket /ˈbredbɑ:skit/ n.  1  a basket for bread or rolls 面包(或面包卷)篮(或筐) 2 slang  the stomach [俚语]胃，肚皮 3  a region etc. that supplies cereals to another 粮食产地(产区等)

bread bin n. Brit.  a container for keeping bread in [英]面包箱(或盒)

breadboard /ˈbredbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board for cutting bread on 切面包板 2  a board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit 试验(电路)板

breadcrumb /ˈbredkrʌm/ n.  1  a small fragment of bread 面包屑 2 (in pl. 用复数)  bread crumbled for use in cooking (烹饪用)面包粉

breadfruit /ˈbredfru:t/ n.  1 (also 亦作 breadfruit tree)  a tropical evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, bearing edible usu. seedless fruit 面包果树(所结果实通常无籽，可食用) 2  the fruit of this tree, which when roasted becomes soft like new bread 面包果(面包果树的果实，烘烤后形似面包)

breadline /ˈbredlain/ n.  1 Brit.  subsistence level (esp. 尤指 on the breadline 勉强维持生活) [英]勉强糊口的生活水平 2 N. Amer.  a queue of people waiting to receive free food [北美]等候领取施舍的队伍

bread sauce n.  a white sauce thickened with breadcrumbs (用面包粉调浓的)牛奶调味汁

breadth /bredθ, -t-/ n.  1  the distance or measurement from side to side of a thing; broadness 宽度；幅度 2  a piece (of cloth etc.) of standard or full breadth (布等的)幅面；幅宽 3  extent, distance, room 广袤；广阔的区域 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  capacity to respect other opinions; freedom from prejudice or intolerance (esp. 尤指 breadth of mind or view 虚怀若谷；胸怀大度) 宽宏，大度；宽容 5 Art  unity of the whole, achieved by the disregard of unnecessary details 【艺术】雄浑，恢弘 □ breadthways  adv.  □ breadthwise  adv.   [obsolete brede, Old English brœˉdu, from Germanic, related to BROAD]

breadwinner /ˈbredwinə/ n.  a person who earns the money to support a family 养家糊口的人

break1 /breik/ v. & n. ●v. (past broke /brəʊk/ or archaic [古义] brake /breik/; past part. broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ or archaic [古义] broke)  1 tr. & intr.  a  separate into pieces under a blow or strain; shatter 打破，破碎；使粉碎b  make or become inoperative, esp. from damage 损坏，弄坏(尤指毁损)  the toaster has broken  烤面包机坏了c  break a bone in or dislocate (part of the body) 骨折；(部分骨头)脱臼d  break the skin of (the head or crown) 擦破(头或冠的)皮 2  a tr.  cause or effect an interruption in 中止；终止  broke our journey  中止旅程 the spell was broken  魔法被破除了 broke the silence  打破沉默b intr.  have an interval between spells of work (工作中)稍事休息  let's break now  咱们现在歇会儿吧 we broke for tea  我们停下来喝了点茶 3 tr.  fail to observe or keep (a law, promise, etc.) 不遵守(法律、诺言等)；违反 4  a tr. & intr.  make or become subdued or weakened; yield or cause to yield 征服，削弱；弄垮；(使)屈服  broke his spirit  从精神上把他制服 he broke under the strain  他因过度疲劳垮了b tr.  weaken the effect of (a fall, blow, etc.) 减轻(跌落、打击等的)影响c tr.  = break in 3c d tr.  defeat, destroy 打败，摧毁  broke the enemy's power  摧毁敌人的力量e tr.  defeat the object of (a strike, e.g. by engaging other personnel) 挫败，(如使其他人员卷入)使(罢工)不能得逞 5 tr.  surpass (a record) 打破记录 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  quarrel or cease association with (another person etc.) 争吵；断绝(与他人等)来往 7 tr.  a  be no longer subject to (a habit) 放弃(习惯)b (foll. by 后跟 of)  cause (a person) to be free of a habit 使(某人)放弃习惯  broke them of their addiction  使他们戒了毒 8 tr. & intr.  reveal or be revealed; (cause to) become known 揭露，被揭露；(使)传开  broke the news  透露消息 the story broke on Friday  这件事是星期五传开的 9 intr.  a (of the weather) change suddenly, esp. after a fine spell (尤指天气一阵晴后)突然转变b (of waves) curl over and dissolve into foam (海浪)冲击，卷碎c (of the day) dawn (天)破晓d (of clouds) move apart; show a gap (云)消散；露出缝隙e (of a storm) begin violently (暴风雨)骤然降临 10 tr. Electr.  disconnect (a circuit) (opp. 反义 MAKE v. 23) 【电】切断(电路) 11 intr.  a (of the voice) change with emotion (声音因情绪)变调b (of a boy's voice) change in register etc. at puberty (男孩的嗓音) (在音域等方面)突变 12 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  divide (a set etc.) into parts, e.g. by selling to different buyers (将成套物品)拆开零售(如卖给不同买主)b  change (a banknote etc.) for coins 兑开(大额钞票) 13 tr.  ruin (an individual or institution) financially (see also 亦见 BROKE predic. adj.) 使(个人或机构)破产 14 tr.  penetrate (e.g. a safe) by force 砸破(如保险箱等) 15 tr.  decipher (a code) 破译(密码) 16 tr.  make (a way, path, etc.) by separating obstacles 冲破(障碍)；辟出(路径等) 17 intr.  burst forth 突然出现  the sun broke through the clouds  云开日出 18 Mil. 【军】  a intr. (of troops) disperse in confusion (军队)溃散b tr.  make a rupture in (ranks) 打乱(队形) 19  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 free, loose, out, etc.)  escape from constraint by a sudden effort 挣脱b tr.  escape or emerge from (prison, bounds, cover, etc.) 越(狱)；逾越(界限)；(从盖子下)冒出 20 tr. Tennis  etc. win a game against (an opponent's service) 【网球】接发球得分 21 intr. Boxing etc. (of two fighters, usu. at the referee's command) come out of a clinch 【拳击】(双方通常按裁判员的命令)抱持后拆散 22 Mil. tr.  demote (an officer) 【军】把(某军官)降级 23 intr. esp. Stock Exch. (of prices) fall sharply (尤)【股】(价格)暴跌 24 intr. Cricket (of a bowled ball) change direction on bouncing 【板球】(投出球)弹地转向 25 intr. Billiards  etc. make the first stroke at the beginning of a game 【台球】开球破局 26 tr.  unfurl (a flag etc.) 展开(旗帜等) 27 tr. Phonet.  subject (a vowel) to fracture 【语音】使(元音)发生割裂 28 tr.  fail to rejoin (one's ship) after absence on leave (休假后)逾期不归(船) 29 tr.  disprove (an alibi) 证明不实(案发时不在现场) ●n.  1  a  an act or instance of breaking 破裂；折断b  a point where something is broken; a gap 破裂处；裂缝 2  an interval, an interruption; a pause in work 间歇；中断；工间休息 3  a sudden dash (esp. to escape) 急冲，猛闯(尤指为逃脱) 4 colloq. [口]  a  a piece of good luck; a fair chance 好运；机缘b (also 亦作 bad break)  an unfortunate remark or action, a blunder 失当的举止，失言 5 Cricket  a change in direction of a bowled ball on bouncing 【板球】反弹 6 Billiards etc. 【台球】  a  a series of points scored during one turn 一次连续得分b  the opening shot that disperses the balls 开球 7 Mus. (in jazz etc.) a short unaccompanied passage for a soloist, usu. improvised 【音】(爵士乐等中) (通常即兴)演奏华彩段 8 Electr.  a discontinuity in a circuit 【电】短路 □ break away   make or become free or separate (see also 另见 BREAKAWAY) 脱离；分离□ break the back of   1  do the hardest or greatest part of 完成…中最艰巨的部分 2  overburden (a person) 压垮(某人)；压得(某人)直不起腰□ break bulk   see 见 BULK □ break down   1  a  fail in mechanical action; cease to function 坏掉；失效；出毛病b (of human relationships etc.) fail, collapse (人际关系等)破裂，崩溃c  fail in (esp. mental) health (尤指精神)垮掉d  be overcome by emotion; collapse in tears 感情失去控制；忍不住流泪 2  a  demolish, destroy 拆毁，毁坏b  overcome (resistance) 压倒，压垮(抵抗)c  force (a person) to yield under pressure 制服(某人) 3  analyse into components (see also 亦见 BREAKDOWN) 分析□ break even   emerge from a transaction etc. with neither profit nor loss (交易等)不盈不亏，持平□ break a person's heart   see 见 HEART □ break the ice   1  begin to overcome formality or shyness, esp. between strangers (尤指陌生人间)打破规矩(或矜持) 2  make a start 开个头□ break in   1  enter premises by force, esp. with criminal intent (尤指非法)强行闯入 2  interrupt 打断 3  a  accustom to a habit etc. 逐渐适应(习惯等)b  wear etc. until comfortable (穿等)到合适为止c esp. Brit.  tame or discipline (an animal); accustom (a horse) to saddle and bridle etc. [尤英] (动物)驯养；训练；使(马)适应马鞍(马笼头等) 4 Austral. & NZ  bring (virgin land) into cultivation [澳新]开垦(处女地)□ break in on   disturb; interrupt 扰乱；使中断□ break into   1  enter forcibly or violently 强行闯入 2  a  suddenly begin, burst forth with (a song, laughter, etc.) 突然冒出；突然发出(歌声、笑声等)b  suddenly change one's pace for (a faster one) (加快速度)而成…步伐  broke into a gallop  突然飞跑起来 3  interrupt 打断□ break a leg  (as 作 int.) Theatr. slang  good luck 【戏】[俚语]交好运□ break new (or fresh) ground   see 见 GROUND1 □ break of day   dawn 破晓，拂晓□ break off   1  detach by breaking 挣脱；断开 2  bring to an end 终止 3  cease talking etc. (说话等)突然住口□ break open   open forcibly 撞开；撬开□ break out   1  escape by force, esp. from prison (尤指从监狱)逃脱；逃走 2  begin suddenly; burst forth 突然出现；爆发  then violence broke out  然后发生了暴乱 3 (foll. by 后跟 in)  become covered in (a rash etc.) 布满(皮疹等) 4  exclaim 说出 5  release (a run-up flag) 使(旗帜)升起后展开 6 US [美]  a  open up (a receptacle) and remove its contents 将(容器)打开后取出其内的东西b  remove (articles) from a place of storage 从储藏处取出(物品)□ break step   get out of step 打乱(步伐)□ break up   1  break into small pieces 打碎，粉碎 2  disperse; disband 散开；解散 3 Brit.  end the school term [英]学期结束；放假 4  a  terminate a relationship; disband 终止关系；散去b  cause to do this 使解体 5 Brit. (of the weather) change suddenly (esp. after a fine spell) [英] (天气)突变(尤指经过一段好天气之后) 6 esp. US [尤美]  a  upset or be upset 扰乱，使烦乱b  excite or be excited 兴奋；使兴奋c  convulse or be convulsed (see also 亦见 BREAK-UP) 震动；使震动□ break wind   release gas from the anus 放屁□ break one's word   see 见 WORD  [Old English brecan, from Germanic: related to BRAY2, BREACH]

break2 /breik/ n.  1  a carriage frame without a body, for breaking in young horses (训练幼马用的)车架子 2  = BRAKE2  [perhaps = brake framework: 17th c., of unknown origin]

breakable /ˈbreikəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that may or is apt to be broken easily 会破碎的，易破碎的 ●n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a breakable thing 易碎物品

breakage /ˈbreikidʒ/ n.  1  an act or instance of breaking 破损；毁坏 2  a  a broken thing 破碎物b  damage caused by breaking 破碎造成的损害

breakaway /ˈbreikəwei/ n.  1  the act or an instance of breaking away or seceding 逃脱；脱离 2 (作 attrib.)  that breaks away or has broken away; separate 脱离的，脱开的；独立的 3 Austral.  a stampede, esp. at the sight or smell of water [澳]惊跑，乱窜(尤指在看见或嗅到水时) 4  a false start in a race (赛跑时)抢跑 5 Rugby  each of the two flank forwards on the outsides of the second row of a scrum formation 【英式橄榄球】转守为攻

break crop n.  a crop grown to avoid the continual growing of cereals 间歇作物

break-dancing n.  an energetic and acrobatic style of street dancing, developed by US blacks 霹雳舞(一种强劲有力、有杂技动作的街头舞蹈，源于美国黑人)

breakdown /ˈbreikdaʊn/ n.  1  a  a mechanical failure 机械故障b  a loss of (esp. mental) health and strength (尤指精神)垮掉；衰弱 2  a collapse or disintegration 崩溃；分离  breakdown of communication  通信中断 3  a detailed analysis (of statistics etc.) (统计等的)详细分析

breaker /ˈbreikə/ n.  1  a person or thing that breaks something, esp. Brit. disused machinery 破坏者；[尤英]捣毁旧机器者；轧(或破)碎机 2  a person who breaks in a horse 驯马者 3  a heavy wave that breaks 碎浪，激浪

breakfast /ˈbrekfəst/ n. & v. ●n.  the first meal of the day 早餐 ●v. intr.  have breakfast 吃早餐 □ have for breakfast  slang  make mincemeat of (a person); defeat easily [俚语]彻底击败(某人)；轻松地打败□ breakfaster  n.   [BREAK1 ‘interrupt’ + FAST2]

breakfast television n.  early-morning television 清晨电视节目

break-in n.  an illegal forced entry into premises, esp. with criminal intent (尤指怀有犯罪意图)非法闯入

breaking and entering n. Brit. hist. & US Law  the illegal entering of a building with intent to commit a felony [英史义] [美]【法律】破门侵入(故意非法侵入他人住宅的犯罪行为)

breaking point n.  the point of greatest strain, at which a thing breaks or a person gives way 强度的极限，断裂点；(危急的)起点，爆发点

break-line n. Printing  the last line of a paragraph (usu. not of full length) 【印刷】(一段文字的)末行(通常为不满行的短行)

breakneck /ˈbreiknek/ attrib. adj. (of speed) dangerously fast (速度)极快的；非常危险的

breakout /ˈbreikaʊt/ n.  a forcible escape 挣脱；逃脱

break point n.  1  a place or time at which an interruption or change is made 断裂点；转折点 2 (usu. 通常作 breakpoint) Computing  a place in a computer program where the sequence of instructions is interrupted, esp. by another program 【计算】(尤指受另一程序影响)断点；分界点 3 Tennis 【网球】  a  a point which would win the game for the player(s) receiving service (接球)得分  three break points  接球得 3 分b  the situation at which the receiver(s) may win such a point 接球得分  this is break point  这是接球得的分 4  = BREAKING POINT 

breakthrough /ˈbreikθru:/ n.  1  a major advance or discovery 突破性进展 2  an act of breaking through an obstacle etc. (障碍等)突破

break-up n.  1  the disintegration or collapse of a thing 分离；分裂；崩溃 2  a dispersal 分散

breakwater /ˈbreikwɔ:tə/ n.  a barrier built out into the sea to break the force of waves (海岸外的)防波堤，防浪墙

bream1 /bri:m/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a yellowish deep-bodied freshwater fish, Abramis brama, of the carp family 欧鳊(鲤科淡水鱼) 2 (in full 全称 sea bream)  a similarly shaped marine fish of the family Sparidae, esp. of the genus Pagellus or Spondyliosoma, of the NE Atlantic 鲷科海鱼，海鲷 [Middle English via Old French bre(s)me from West Germanic]

bream2 /bri:m/ v. tr. Naut. hist.  clean (a ship's bottom) by burning and scraping 【海】[史义] (通过加热和刮擦)清扫(船底) [probably from Low German and related to BROOM]

breast /brest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  either of two milk-secreting organs on the upper front of a woman's body 乳房b  the corresponding usu. rudimentary part of a man's body 胸脯(男性退化乳房) 2  a  the upper front part of a human body; the chest (人的)前胸；胸部b  the corresponding part of an animal (动物的)胸脯 3  the part of a garment that covers the breast 上衣的前胸 4  the breast as a source of nourishment or emotion 营养的来源；情愫 ●v. tr.  1  face, meet in full opposition 挺胸面对；挺胸相迎  breast the wind  顶风前进 2  contend with 与…搏斗；毅然对抗  breast it out against difficulties  勇敢地与困难作斗争 3  reach the top of (a hill) 攀登至(山)顶 □ breast the tape   see 见 TAPE □ make a clean breast of (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 make a clean breast of it)   confess fully 彻底坦白，完全承认□ breasted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English brēost, from Germanic]

breastbone /ˈbres(t)bəʊn/ n.  a thin flat vertical bone and cartilage in the chest connecting the ribs; the sternum 胸骨

breastfeed /ˈbres(t)fi:d/ v. (past and past part. -fed)  1 tr.  feed (a baby) from the breast 用母乳喂养(婴儿) 2 intr. (of a baby) feed from the breast (婴儿)哺乳

breast-high adj. & adv.  as high as the breast; submerged to the breast 齐胸高的；淹至胸口的

breast-pin n.  a brooch etc. worn on the breast 胸针(饰针等)

breastplate /ˈbres(t)pleit/ n.  a piece of armour covering the breast 胸甲；胸铠

breaststroke /bres(t)strəʊk/ n.  a stroke made while swimming on the breast by extending arms forward and sweeping them back in unison 蛙泳

breastsummer /ˈbres(t)sʌmə/ n. Archit.  a beam across a broad opening, sustaining a superstructure 【建】过梁，横楣 [BREAST + SUMMER2]

breastwork /ˈbres(t)wɜ:k/ n.  a low temporary defence or parapet (临时性的)低矮防护墙；胸墙

breath /breθ/ n.  1  a  the air taken into or expelled from the lungs 呼出(或吸入)的空气b  one respiration of air 一次呼吸c  an exhalation of air that can be seen, smelt, or heard 呼出的空气(水气)  breath steamed in the cold air  寒气中呼出水气 bad breath  口臭 2  a  a slight movement of air; a breeze (空气的)轻拂；微风b  a whiff of perfume etc. (香气等的)飘动 3  a whisper, a murmur (esp. of a scandalous nature) 低语，小声嘀咕(尤指带有造谣中伤性质) 4  the power of breathing; life 呼吸的力量；生命  is there breath in him?  他还有呼吸吗？ □ below (or under) one's breath   in a whisper 小声；低声细语□ breath of fresh air   1  a small amount of or a brief time in the fresh air 一丝新鲜空气 2  a refreshing change 令人耳目一新的变化□ breath of life   a necessity 必需品□ catch one's breath   1  cease breathing momentarily in surprise, suspense, etc. (因惊讶、挂虑等)屏息 2  rest after exercise to restore normal breathing 歇口气，休息一下□ draw breath   breathe; live 呼吸；活在世上□ hold one's breath   cease breathing temporarily 屏息□ in the same breath  (esp. of saying two contradictory things) within a short time (尤指说出两件相互矛盾事情的)同时□ out of breath   gasping for air, esp. after exercise (尤指运动后)喘不上气；上气不接下气□ take breath   pause for rest 歇口气□ take one's breath away   astound; surprise; awe; delight 使惊呆，惊讶，敬畏；使兴奋得透不过气来□ waste one's breath   talk or give advice without effect 白费口舌 [Old English brœˉth, from Germanic]

breathable /ˈbri:ðəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of the air etc.) fit or pleasant to breathe (空气等)适宜吸入的 2 (of material) admitting air to the skin and allowing sweat to evaporate (材料)透气的，可渗透的

breathalyser /ˈbreθəlaizə/ n. (US & propr. [美] [商标] breathalyzer)  an instrument for measuring the amount of alcohol in the breath (and hence in the blood) of a driver 呼气(血液)测醉器 □ breathalyse  v. tr. (US [美] -lyze)   [BREATH + ANALYSE + -ER1]

breathe /bri:ð/ v.  1 intr.  a  take air into and expel it from the lungs 呼吸b  take in oxygen 吸氧 2 intr.  be or seem alive 活着，生存  is she breathing?  她还活着吗？ 3 tr.  a  utter; say (esp. quietly) 说出；(尤指小声地)吐露  breathed her forgiveness  她轻声道歉b  express; display 表现出；流露出  breathed defiance  不屑一顾 4 intr.  take breath, pause 歇口气；停一下 5 tr.  send out or take in (as if) with breathed air; inhale (似)呼吸；吸入  breathed new life into them  给他们带来新的生机 breathed whisky  呼吸中有威士忌酒气 6 intr.  a (of wine, the skin, etc.) be exposed to fresh air (酒、皮肤)暴露于新鲜空气b (of material) admit air or moisture (材料)透气 7 intr.  a  sound, speak (esp. quietly) (尤指轻声)说，发出低声b (of wind) blow softly (风)轻拂 8 tr.  allow (a horse etc.) to breathe; give rest after exertion 让(马等)歇一歇；使歇息 □ breathe again (or freely)   recover from a shock, fear, etc., and be at ease (惊、吓等之后)松口气；安下心来□ breathe down a person's neck   follow or check up on a person, esp. menacingly (尤指带威胁性地)紧随；紧紧盯住某人□ breathe in   inhale 吸入□ breathe one's last   die 咽气；死□ breathe out   exhale 呼出□ breathe upon  literary  tarnish, taint [文学用语]使失去光泽；污损□ not breathe a word   keep silent 一言不发□ not breathe a word of   keep quite secret 对…只字不提；保密 [Middle English, from BREATH]

breather /ˈbri:ðə/ n.  1 colloq.  a brief pause for rest [口]短暂的休息 2  a safety-vent in the crankcase of a motor vehicle etc. (汽车曲轴箱的)通气管；呼吸阀

breathing /ˈbri:ðiŋ/ n.  1  the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs 呼吸 2  a sign in Greek (‘or’) indicating the presence of an aspirate (rough breathing 送气符号) or the absence of an aspirate (smooth breathing 不送气符号) 送气符；送气音

breathing-space n.  time to breathe; a pause 喘息的时间；停歇

breathless /ˈbreθlis/ adj.  1  panting, out of breath 气喘吁吁的；上气不接下气的 2  holding, or as if holding, the breath because of excitement, suspense, etc. (由于激动、挂虑等而) (似)呼吸急促的，(似)屏息的  a state of breathless expectancy  屏息期待着 3  unstirred by wind; still 无风的；静止的 □ breathlessly  adv.  □ breathlessness  n.  

breathtaking /ˈbreθteikiŋ/ adj.  astounding; awe-inspiring 惊险的，惊人的；使人敬畏的 □ breathtakingly  adv.  

breath test n. & v. ●n.  a test of a person's alcohol consumption, using a breathalyser (用呼气测醉器进行的)呼气测醉试验 ●v. tr. (breath-test)  administer a breath test to 对…做呼气测醉试验

breathy /ˈbreθi/ adj. (breathier, breathiest) (of a singing voice etc.) containing the sound of breathing (嗓音等)送气音的，伴有呼吸声的 □ breathily  adv.  □ breathiness  n.  

breccia /ˈbretʃə, -tʃiə/ n. & v. ●n.  a rock of angular stones etc. cemented by finer material (由棱角状岩溶化而成的)角砾岩 ●v. tr.  form into breccia 使形成角砾岩 □ brecciate  v. tr.  □ brecciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Italian, = gravel, from Germanic, related to BREAK1]

bred past and past part.  of BREED 

breech /bri:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the part of a cannon behind the bore 炮尾b  the back part of a rifle or gun barrel 枪尾；后膛 2 archaic  the buttocks [古义]臀部，屁股 ●v. tr. archaic  put (a boy) into breeches after being in petticoats since birth [古义] (给小孩)穿上裤子 [Old English brōc, pl. brēc (treated as sing. in Middle English), from Germanic]

breech birth n. (also 亦作 breech delivery)  the delivery of a baby which is so positioned in the womb that the buttocks or feet are delivered first 臀位分娩

breech-block n.  a metal block which closes the breech aperture in a gun 枪闩；炮闩

breeches /ˈbritʃiz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 pair of breeches sing.)  1  short trousers, esp. fastened below the knee, now used esp. for riding or in court dress 马裤(尤指裤脚束紧至膝下、现尤用于骑马或球场的裤子) 2 colloq.  any trousers, knickerbockers, or underpants [口]裤子，灯笼裤，短裤 [pl. of BREECH]

Breeches Bible n.  the Geneva Bible of 1560 with breeches in Gen. 3:7 for the garments made by Adam and Eve “短裤(版)圣经” (1560 年日内瓦版英译本《圣经》，因将《创始纪》第 3 章第 7 节中亚当和夏娃所做的“裙”译作“短裤”而得此称)

breeches-buoy n.  a lifebuoy suspended from a rope which has canvas breeches for the user's legs (吊在绳索上的)裤形救生圈

breech-loader n.  a gun loaded at the breech, not through the muzzle 后膛枪(或炮) □ breech-loading  adj.  

breed /bri:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. bred /bred/)  1 tr. & intr.  bear, generate (offspring) 产(仔)；繁殖 2 tr. & intr.  propagate or cause to propagate; raise (livestock) (使)育(种)；饲养(牲畜) 3 tr.  a  yield, produce; result in 产生，滋生；引起  war breeds famine  战争导致了饥荒b  spread 传播  discontent bred by rumour  谣言引发的不满 4 intr.  arise; spread 产生；传播  disease breeds in the Tropics  疾病在热带地区流行 5 tr.  bring up; train 培育；培养  bred to the law  受法律教育 Hollywood breeds stars  好莱坞培养了很多明星 6 tr. Physics  create (fissile material) by nuclear reaction 【物理学】(通过核反应)增殖；再生(可裂变物质) ●n.  1  a stock of animals or plants within a species, having a similar appearance, and usu. developed by deliberate selection (通常经过有意的培育而形成的)品种 2  a race; a lineage 种族；血统 3  a sort, a kind 种类；类型 □ bred and born   = born and bred (see 见 BORN) □ bred in the bone   hereditary 遗传的，出来就有的□ breed in   mate with or marry near relations 同种交配；近亲结婚□ breeder  n.   [Old English brēdan: related to BROOD]

breeder reactor n.  a nuclear reactor that can create more fissile material than it consumes 增殖反应堆

breeding /ˈbri:diŋ/ n.  1  the process of developing or propagating (animals, plants, etc.) (动、植物等的)培育，繁殖 2  generation; childbearing 繁育；生育 3  the result of training or education; behaviour 养育；熏陶 4  good manners (as produced by an aristocratic heredity) (如世袭贵族所形成的)教养；礼貌  has no breeding  没有教养

breeks /bri:ks/ n. pl. Sc.  breeches [苏格兰]马裤，灯笼裤

breeze1 /bri:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a gentle wind 微风 2 Meteorol.  a wind of force 2 to 6 on the Beaufort scale (4 － 31 m.p.h.) 【气】(蒲福风级) 2 级至 6 级的风(每小时 4 至 31 英里) 3  a wind blowing from land at night or sea during the day 白昼海风；夜间陆风 4 esp. Brit. colloq.  a quarrel or display of temper [尤英口]争吵；发脾气 5 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  an easy task [尤北美口]轻而易举的事情 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, along, etc.) colloq.  come or go in a casual or light-hearted manner [口]飘然而至；飘然而去 [probably from Old Spanish & Portuguese briza ‘NE wind’]

breeze2 /bri:z/ n.  small cinders 煤渣，煤屑 [French braise ‘live coals’]

breeze3 /bri:z/ n. Brit.  a gadfly or cleg [英]牛虻，虻 [Old English briosa, of unknown origin]

breeze-block n. Brit.  a lightweight building block, esp. one made from breeze mixed with sand and cement [英] (尤指煤屑与沙和水泥混制的)煤渣砖

breezy /ˈbri:zi/ adj. (breezier, breeziest)  1  a  windswept 受风吹的b  pleasantly windy 微风轻拂的 2 colloq.  lively; jovial [口]轻松活泼的；愉快的 3 colloq.  careless [口]漠然的  with breezy indifference  漠然视之 □ breezily  adv.  □ breeziness  n.  

bremsstrahlung /ˈbremzʃtrɑ:lʊŋ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Physics  electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration or esp. the deceleration of a charged particle after passing through the electric and magnetic fields of a nucleus 【物理学】轫致辐射(带电粒子在通过核电磁场时加速，尤指减速时而产生的电磁辐射) [German, = braking radiation]

Bren /bren/ n. (in full 全称 Bren gun)  a lightweight quick-firing machine-gun 布伦式轻机枪 [Brno in the Czech Republic (where originally made) + Enfield in England (where later made)]

Brenda /ˈbrendə/   布伦达 [人名]

Brendan /ˈbrendən/   布伦丹 [人名]

brent /brent/ n. (US [美] brant /brænt/) (in full 全称 brent-goose)  a small migratory Arctic-breeding goose, Branta bernicla, with black, grey, and white plumage 黑雁(一种在北极繁殖的候鸟) [16th c.: origin unknown]

brethren  see 见 BROTHER 

Breton /ˈbret(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Brittany 布列塔尼人 2  the Celtic language of Brittany 布列塔尼人说的凯尔特语 ●adj.  of or relating to Brittany or its people or language (有关)布列塔尼的；(有关)布列塔尼人的；(有关)布列塔尼语的 [Old French, = BRITON]

breve /bri:v/ n.  1 Mus.  a note, now rarely used, having the time value of two semibreves 【音】二全音符(现罕用) 2  a written or printed mark (ˇ) indicating a short or unstressed vowel 短音符号(ˇ) 3 hist.  an authoritative letter from a sovereign or pope [史义]上谕；(教皇的)谕令 [Middle English variant of BRIEF]

brevet /ˈbrevit/ n. & v. ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a document conferring a privilege from a sovereign or government, esp. a rank in the army, without the appropriate pay (尤指部队中的)名誉晋级令(只晋级但不加薪)  was promoted by brevet  名誉上晋级 brevet major  名誉晋级的少校 ●v. tr. (breveted, breveting or brevetted, brevetting)  confer brevet rank on 晋升名誉军衔 [Middle English, from Old French brievet ‘little letter’, diminutive of bref BRIEF]

breviary /ˈbri:viəri/ n. (pl. -ies) RC Ch.  a book containing the service for each day, to be recited by those in orders 【天主教】(神职人员每日念诵的)祈祷书；每日祈祷 [earlier also, an abridged version of the psalms: Latin breviarium ‘summary’ from breviare ‘abridge’: see ABBREVIATE]

brevity /ˈbreviti/ n.  1  economy of expression; conciseness 简洁；简练 2  shortness (of time etc.) (时间等的)短促，短暂  the brevity of happiness  短暂的幸福 [Anglo-French breveté, Old French brieveté from bref BRIEF]

brew /bru:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  make (beer etc.) by infusion, boiling, and fermentation 酿造(啤酒等)b  make (tea etc.) by infusion or (punch etc.) by mixture 沏(茶等)；调制(潘趣酒等) 2 intr.  undergo either of these processes 酿酒；冲泡  the tea is brewing  茶正在煮着 3 intr. (of trouble, a storm, etc.) gather force; threaten (动乱、暴风雨等)酝酿；即将发生  mischief was brewing  正在策划的恶作剧 4 tr.  bring about; set in train; concoct 引发；酿成；策划  brewed their fiendish scheme  策划他们的阴谋诡计 ●n.  1  an amount (of beer etc.) brewed at one time 一次酿造(啤酒等的)量  this year's brew  今年全年酿造的酒 2  what is brewed (esp. with regard to its quality) 酿造的酒(尤指就质量而言)  a good strong brew  上好的酒 3  the action or process of brewing 酿造；酿造过程 □ brew up  Brit.  make tea [英]沏茶，泡茶□ brewer  n.   [Old English brēowan, from Germanic]

brewery /ˈbrʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where beer etc. is brewed commercially 啤酒厂；(啤酒等的)酿造厂

brew-up n. Brit. colloq.  an instance of making tea [英口]沏茶

Brian /ˈbraiən/   布赖恩 [人名]

briar1 var.  of BRIER1  BRIER1 的变体

briar2 var.  of BRIER2  BRIER2 的变体

bribe /braib/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  persuade (a person etc.) to act esp. illegally or dishonestly in one's favour by a gift of money, services, etc. (尤指非法、不诚实地利用送钱、给予服务等)贿赂(某人等)  bribed the guard to release the suspect  贿赂看守释放嫌疑犯 ●n.  money or services offered in the process of bribing 用于行贿的钱财(或提供的服务) □ bribable  adj.  □ briber  n.  □ bribery  n.   [Middle English from Old French briber, brimber ‘beg’, of unknown origin]

bric-a-brac /ˈbrikəbræk/ n. (also 亦作 bric-à-brac, bricabrac)  miscellaneous, often old, ornaments, trinkets, furniture, etc., of no great value 小饰品；小摆设；小古玩(小玩意儿等) [French from obsolete ɑˋ bric et ɑˋ brac ‘at random’]

brick /brik/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a small, usu. rectangular, block of fired or sun-dried clay, used in building 砖，砖块(通常长方形)b  the material used to make these 制砖材料c  a similar block of concrete etc. 砖形水泥块(水泥条) 2 Brit.  a child's toy building block [英]积木 3  a brick-shaped solid object 砖状物  a brick of ice cream  冰砖 4 slang  a generous or loyal person [俚语]慷慨的人；忠心耿耿的人 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  close or block with brickwork 用砖围住；用砖堵住 ●adj.  1  built of brick 砖砌的  brick wall  砖墙 2  of a dull red colour 砖红色的，暗红色的 □ bang (or knock or run) one's head against a brick wall   have one's efforts come to nothing; be continually rebuffed 枉费心机；屡屡碰壁□ like a ton of bricks  colloq.  with crushing weight, force, or authority [口]来势凶猛；势不可挡□ see through a brick wall   have miraculous insight 眼光锐利，洞察力极强□ bricky  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch bri(c)ke, of unknown origin]

brickbat /ˈbrikbæt/ n.  1  a piece of brick, esp. when used as a missile (尤指可用作投掷物的)砖块，碎砖 2  an uncomplimentary remark 贬责的话，尖锐的批评

brick-built adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  built of bricks 砖砌的

brick-field n.  a place at which bricks are made 砖厂，制砖场

brickfielder /ˈbrikfi:ldə/ n. Austral.  a hot, dry north wind [澳]砖厂风(一种干热北风)

brickie /ˈbriki/ n. Brit. slang  a bricklayer [英] [俚语]砌砖工人

bricklayer /ˈbrikleiə/ n.  a worker who builds with bricks 砌砖工人 □ bricklaying  n.  

brick red n. & adj. ●n.  the dull red colour typical of bricks 砖红色，暗红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 砖红色的，暗红色的

brickwork /ˈbrikwɜ:k/ n.  1  work executed in brick 砖结构 2  building with bricks; bricklaying 砖建筑物；砌砖

brickyard /ˈbrikjɑ:d/ n.  a place where bricks are made 砖厂，制砖厂

bridal /ˈbraid(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning a bride or a wedding (有关)新娘的；(有关)婚礼的 □ bridally  adv.   [originally as noun, = wedding-feast, from Old English bryˉd-ealu from bryˉd BRIDE + ealu ‘ale-drinking’]

bride /braid/ n.  a woman on her wedding day and for some time before and after it 新娘 [Old English bryˉd, from Germanic]

bridegroom /ˈbraidɡru:m/ n.  a man on his wedding day and for some time before and after it 新郎 [Old English bryˉdguma (as BRIDE, guma ‘man’, assimilated to GROOM)]

bride price n.  money or goods given to a bride's family by that of the bridegroom, esp. in tribal societies (尤指宗族社会中的)聘礼，彩礼

bridesmaid /ˈbraidzmeid/ n.  a girl or unmarried woman attending a bride on her wedding day 女傧相；伴娘 [earlier bridemaid, from BRIDE + MAID]

bridewell /ˈbraidw(ə)l/ n.  a prison; a reformatory 监狱；管教所 [St Bride's Well in London, near which such a building stood]

bridge1 /bridʒ/ n. & v. ●n. (also Sc. & N. Engl. [亦苏格兰和英格兰北部] brig /briɡ/)  1  a  a structure carrying a road, path, railway, etc., across a stream, ravine, road, railway, etc. (跨越小河、沟壑、公路、铁路等的)桥，桥梁(引桥等)b  anything providing a connection between different things 起沟通作用的东西  English is a bridge between nations  英语是沟通国与国之间的桥梁 2  the superstructure on a ship from which the captain and officers direct operations (舰船上的)桥楼；舰桥 3  the upper bony part of the nose 鼻梁 4 Mus.  an upright piece of wood on a violin etc. over which the strings are stretched 【音】(小提琴等上的)琴马 5  = BRIDGEWORK  6 Billiards etc. 【台球】  a  a long stick with a structure at the end which is used to support a cue for a difficult shot 杆架(球杆的凹形支架)b  a support for a cue formed by a raised hand 架手打势(用手充作杆架) 7  = LAND BRIDGE  ●v. tr.  1  a  be a bridge over 用桥连接  a fallen tree bridges the stream  一棵倒下的树横跨在小桥上b  make a bridge over; span 架桥于…；横跨… 2  span as if with a bridge 跨越；跨过  bridged their differences with understanding  理解使他们消除了分歧 □ cross a (or that) bridge when one comes to it   deal with a problem when and if it arises 待到问题出现时再解决不迟，未到桥头先为过桥担忧□ bridgeable  adj.   [Old English brycg, from Germanic]

bridge2 /bridʒ/ n.  a card game derived from whist, in which one player's cards are exposed and are played by his or her partner (cf. 参见 AUCTION BRIDGE, CONTRACT BRIDGE) 桥牌 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bridge-building n.  1  the activity of building bridges 建桥 2  the promotion of friendly relations, esp. between countries 牵线搭桥；(尤指国与国之间)斡旋 □ bridge-builder  n.  

bridgehead /ˈbridʒhed/ n. Mil.  a fortified position held on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle 【军】桥头堡；桥头阵地

bridge of asses n.  = PONS ASINORUM 

bridge of boats n.  a bridge formed by mooring boats together abreast across a river etc. (跨越河等的)浮桥

bridge passage n. Mus.  a transitional section between main themes 【音】过渡乐句

bridge roll n. Brit.  a small soft bread roll [英]松软的小面包卷

Bridget /ˈbridʒit/   布里奇特 [人名]

bridgework /ˈbridʒwɜ:k/ n.  a dental structure used to cover a gap, joined to and supported by the teeth on either side (假牙的)齿桥

bridging loan n. esp. Brit.  a loan from a bank etc. to cover the short interval between buying a house etc. and selling another [尤英]过渡性贷款(尤指买卖房子期间的短期银行贷款)

Bridgit /ˈbridʒit/   布里奇特 [人名]

bridle /ˈbraid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled leather straps, a metal bit, and reins 马勒，马笼头(包括皮带、马嚼子和缰绳)b  a restraining thing or influence 约束，限制  put a bridle on your tongue  管住你的嘴 2 Naut.  a mooring-cable 【海】系船索 3 Anat.  a ligament checking the motion of a part 【解】系带 ●v.  1 tr.  put a bridle on (a horse etc.) 给(马等)套笼头 2 tr.  bring under control; curb 控制；抑制 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, up)  express offence, resentment, etc., esp. by throwing up the head and drawing in the chin 昂首收颌(以示反感、怨忿等) [Old English brīdel, from Germanic]

bridle path n. (also 亦作 bridleway /ˈbraid(ə)lwei/)  a rough path or road fit only for riders or walkers, not vehicles (只适合骑马、步行，不适合车辆的)马道

bridoon /briˈdu:n/ n.  the snaffle and rein of a military bridle (军马的)缰绳口衔 [French bridon from bride ‘bridle’]

Brie /bri:/ n.  a kind of soft cheese 布里干酪 [Brie in N. France, where it was originally made]

brief /bri:f/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of short duration 短暂的 2  concise in expression 简洁的 3  abrupt, brusque 唐突的，无礼的  was rather brief with me  对我很无礼 4 (of clothes) scanty (衣服)短的，刚够大的  wearing a brief skirt  穿着短而暴露的超短裙 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  close-fitting legless pants 紧身三角裤 2 Law 【法律】  a Brit.  a document instructing a barrister to appear as an advocate in court [英]辩护委聘b US  a written summary of the facts and legal points supporting one side of a case, for presentation to a court [美]诉讼要点；案情摘要 3 esp. Brit.  instructions given for a task, operation, etc. (originally a bombing plan given to an aircrew) [尤英] (给予任务、行动等的)指令；简短命令(原义为给空勤人员的轰炸计划) 4 RC Ch.  a letter from the Pope to a person or community on a matter of discipline 【天主教】教皇通谕 ●v. tr.  1 Brit. Law  instruct (a barrister) by brief [英]【法律】向(出庭律师)提供案情摘要 2  instruct (an employee, a participant, etc.) in preparation for a task; inform or instruct thoroughly in advance (cf. 参见 DEBRIEF) 给(雇工、参与者等)布置任务；事先详细介绍(或指示)  briefed him for the interview  事先向他介绍有关面试的事宜 □ be brief   use few words 简单地说□ hold a brief for   1  argue in favour of 为…辩护 2 Brit.  be retained as counsel for [英]为…当辩护人□ in brief   in short 简而言之□ briefly  adv.  □ briefness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French bref, Old French brief, from Latin brevis ‘short’]

briefcase /ˈbri:fkeis/ n.  a flat rectangular case for carrying documents etc. (携带文件等的)公文包

briefing /ˈbri:fiŋ/ n.  1  a meeting for giving information or instructions 情况通报会；工作布置会 2  the information or instructions given; a brief 情况介绍；简报 3  the action of informing or instructing 通知；指示

briefless /ˈbri:flis/ adj. Brit. Law (of a barrister) having no clients [英]【法律】(辩护人)无人委聘的

brier1 /ˈbraiə/ n. (also 亦作 briar)  any prickly bush esp. of a wild rose 多刺的灌木(尤指野玫瑰) □ briery  adj.   [Old English brœˉr, brēr, of unknown origin]

brier2 /ˈbraiə/ n. (also 亦作 briar)  1  a white heath, Erica arborea, native to S. Europe 欧石南(一种白色灌木) 2  a tobacco pipe made from its root (欧石南根制作的)烟斗 [19th-c. bruyer from French bruyère ‘heath’]

brier rose n.  dog rose 犬蔷薇

Brig. abbr. [缩略]  Brigadier 

brig1 /briɡ/ n.  1  a two-masted square-rigged ship, with an additional lower fore-and-aft sail on the gaff and a boom to the mainmast 横帆双桅船 2 slang  a prison, esp. on a warship [俚语] (尤指军舰上的)禁闭室 [abbreviation of BRIGANTINE]

brig2 Sc. & N. Engl. var.  of BRIDGE1 n. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] BRIDGE1 名词的变体

brigade /briˈɡeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  a subdivision of an army 陆军的编制单位b  a British infantry unit consisting usu. of three battalions and forming part of a division 旅(通常由 3 个营组成)c  a corresponding armoured unit 大部队 2  an organized or uniformed band of workers (由有组织统一着装的人员组成的)队  fire brigade  消防队 3 colloq.  a group of people with a characteristic in common [口] (具有共同特点的)一伙人  the couldn't-care-less brigade  凡事都满不在乎的一伙人 ●v. tr.  form into a brigade 编成一个旅 [French from Italian brigata ‘company’, from brigare ‘be busy with’, from briga ‘strife’]

brigadier /briɡəˈdiə/ n. Brit. Mil. [英]【军】  1  an officer commanding a brigade 旅长 2  a  a staff officer of similar standing, above a colonel and below a major general 准将b  the titular rank granted to such an officer 准将军衔 [French (as BRIGADE, -IER)]

brigadier general n.  an officer ranking next above colonel in the US army, air force, and marine corps (美军海、陆、空部队的)准将

brigalow /ˈbriɡələʊ/ n. Austral.  any of various acacia trees, esp. Acacia harpophylla [澳]金合欢属植物(尤指镰叶相思树) [Aboriginal, perhaps Kamilaroi burriigal]

brigand /ˈbriɡ(ə)nd/ n.  a member of a robber band living by pillage and ransom, usu. in wild terrain (通常出没山林的)土匪，强盗 □ brigandage  n.  □ brigandry  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Italian brigante, from brigare: see BRIGADE]

brigantine /ˈbriɡ(ə)nti:n/ n.  a two-masted sailing ship with a square-rigged foremast and a fore-and-aft-rigged mainmast (前桅挂横帆，主桅挂纵帆的)双桅帆船 [in earlier use, a small vessel used by pirates: Old French brigandine or Italian brigantino from brigante BRIGAND]

bright /brait/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  emitting or reflecting much light; shining 发光的；反光的；明亮的 2 (of colour) intense, vivid (色彩)浓艳的；醒目的 3  clever, talented, quick-witted 聪明的，有才华的，机灵的  a bright idea  好主意 a bright child  聪明的孩子 4  cheerful, vivacious 愉快的；活泼的 ●adv. esp. poet.  brightly [尤诗]明亮地  the moon shone bright  月亮发出明亮的光 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  bright colours 艳丽的色彩 2 N. Amer.  headlights switched to full beam [北美]闪亮的前灯(车头灯) □ bright and early   very early in the morning 一大早；大清早□ bright-eyed and bushy-tailed  colloq.  alert and sprightly [口]活泼而充满生机的□ look on the bright side   be optimistic 乐观的，看到事物光明的一面□ brightish  adj.  □ brightly  adv.  □ brightness  n.   [Old English beorht, (adv.) beorhte, from Germanic]

brighten /ˈbrait(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  make or become brighter (使)更明亮；(使)生色；(使)焕发光彩 2  make or become more cheerful (使)更愉快

bright lights n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the glamour and excitement of the city (城市的)娱乐场所

Bright's disease /ˈbraits diˌzi:z/ n.  nephritis 布赖特病；肾小球肾炎 [R. Bright, English physician d. 1858]

bright spark n. colloq.  a witty, lively, or intelligent person [口]聪明又快乐而活泼的人

Brigid /ˈbridʒit/   布里奇特 [人名]

brill1 /bril/ n.  a European flatfish, Scophthalmus rhombus, resembling a turbot 菱鲆(产于欧洲) [15th c.: origin unknown]

brill2 /bril/ adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = BRILLIANTadj. 4  [abbreviation]

brilliance /ˈbrilj(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 brilliancy /-ənsi/)  1  great brightness; sparkling or radiant quality 光辉，光彩 2  outstanding talent or intelligence 卓越的才华(或才智)

brilliant /ˈbrilj(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  very bright; sparkling 非常明亮的；光辉夺目的 2  outstandingly talented or intelligent 极聪明的，才华横溢的 3  showy; outwardly impressive 炫耀的；辉煌的 4 Brit. colloq.  excellent, superb [英口]卓越的，杰出的，英明的 ●n.  a diamond of the finest cut with many facets 多面形钻石 □ brilliantly  adv.   [French brillant, part. of briller ‘shine’, from Italian brillare, probably from Latin beryllus BERYL]

brilliantine /ˈbrilj(ə)nti:n/ n.  1  an oily liquid dressing for making the hair glossy 润发油 2 US  a lustrous dress fabric [美]闪光薄呢 [French brillantine (as BRILLIANT)]

brim /brim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the edge or lip of a cup or other vessel, or of a hollow (杯子等容器或坑、穴等的)边，边沿 2  the projecting edge of a hat 帽檐 ●v. tr. & intr. (brimmed, brimming)  fill or be full to the brim 满，充盈；注满 □ brim over   overflow 溢出□ brimless  adj.  □ brimmed  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Middle English brimme, of unknown origin]

brim-full adj. (also 亦作 brimful) (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  filled to the brim 满到边缘的；充盈的

brimstone /ˈbrimst(ə)n, -stəʊn/ n.  1 archaic  the element sulphur [古义]硫磺 2  a butterfly, Gonepteryx rhamni, or moth, Opisthograptis luteolata, having yellow wings 黄粉蝶；黄蛾 [Middle English probably from Old English bryne ‘burning’ + STONE]

brindled /ˈbrind(ə)ld/ adj. (also 亦作 brindle)  brownish or tawny with streaks of other colour (esp. of domestic animals) (尤指家畜)棕色底上杂有其他颜色之斑纹的 [earlier brinded, brended from brend, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

brine /brain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt 浓盐水；卤水 2  sea water 海水 ●v. tr.  soak in or saturate with brine 用浓盐水浸泡(或处理) [Old English brīne, of unknown origin]

brine shrimp n.  a small crustacean of the genus Artemia, inhabiting salt lakes etc. and used as food for aquarium fish (生长于盐湖等处，用作鱼饲料的)海水丰年虾；卤虫

bring /briŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. brought /brɔ:t/)  1  a  come conveying esp. by carrying or leading (尤指用带或领的方式)带来，拿来b  come with 引来 2  cause to come or be present 把…带来，把…引来  what brings you here?  什么风把你给吹来了？ 3  cause or result in 导致；引起  war brings misery  战争带来不幸 4  be sold for; produce as income 卖得；赚得(收入) 5  a  prefer (a charge) 提出(指控)b  initiate (legal action) 提起(诉讼) 6  cause to become or to reach a particular state 使成为(或达到)某种状态  brings me alive  使我活了下来 brought them to their senses  使他们恢复理智 cannot bring myself to agree  不能使我同意 7  adduce (evidence, an argument, etc.) 引证(证据、论据等) □ bring about   1  cause to happen 使发生；导致 2  turn (a ship) around 使船掉头□ bring back   call to mind 回想起□ bring down   1  cause to fall 使落下；使跌倒 2  lower (a price) 降低(价格) 3 slang  make unhappy or less happy [俚语]使垂头丧气；使沮丧 4 colloq.  damage the reputation of; demean [口]使名誉扫地；贬低□ bring forth   1  produce, emit, cause 产生；散发出；引起 2  give birth to 生(子)；结(果)□ bring forward   1  move to an earlier date or time 提前，将…提前 2  transfer from the previous page or account 转入下一页(或下一次账) 3  draw attention to; adduce 关注；引证□ bring home to   cause to realize fully 使清楚地认识到；使深切地感到  brought home to me that I was wrong  使我深感自己错了□ bring the house down   receive rapturous applause 博得满堂喝彩□ bring in   1  introduce (legislation, a custom, fashion, topic, etc.) 提出(议案)；引入(习俗、时尚、话题等) 2  yield as income or profit 获得收入(或利润)□ bring into play   cause to operate; activate 使活动；使发挥作用□ bring low   1  overcome; deject 战胜，克服；使沮丧 2  humiliate 使受屈辱□ bring off   achieve successfully 圆满完成□ bring on   1  cause to happen or appear 引起，使发生 2  accelerate the progress of 促进，助长□ bring out   1  emphasize; make evident 强调；揭示，阐明 2  publish 出版□ bring over   convert to one's own side 使转变；说服□ bring round (or US [美] around)   1  restore to consciousness 使恢复知觉 2  persuade 说服□ bring through   aid (a person) through adversity, esp. illness 使(某人)脱险；使(尤指病人)转危为安□ bring to   1  restore to consciousness 使苏醒  brought him to  使他苏醒过来 2  check the motion of 使停驶□ bring to bear  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  direct and concentrate (forces) 瞄准；集中力量□ bring to light   see 见 LIGHT1 □ bring to mind   recall; cause one to remember 回忆；使回想起□ bring to pass   cause to happen 实现；使发生□ bring under   subdue 制服□ bring up   1  rear (a child) 养育(孩子) 2  vomit, regurgitate 呕吐；反胃 3  call attention to 使注意 4 (absol. [含宾])  stop suddenly 使急停，突然停止□ bring upon oneself   be responsible for (something one suffers) (为一个人所做的某事)自作自受□ bringer  n.   [Old English bringan, from Germanic]

bring-and-buy sale n. Brit.  a charity sale at which participants bring items for sale and buy what is brought by others [英]义卖(慈善性销售所带物品)

brinjal /ˈbrindʒɔ:l/ n. (in India and Africa) an aubergine (印度和非洲的)茄子 [ultimately from Portuguese berinjela from Arabic (as AUBERGINE)]

brink /briŋk/ n.  1  the extreme edge of land before a precipice, river, etc., esp. when a sudden drop follows (悬崖的)边缘；(尤指河等的)陡岸 2  the furthest point before something dangerous or exciting is discovered (危险或刺激的)边缘 □ on the brink of   about to experience or suffer; in imminent danger of 即将经历(或遭受)；处于…危险边缘 [Middle English from Old Norse: origin unknown]

brinkmanship /ˈbriŋkmənʃip/ n.  the art or policy of pursuing a dangerous course to the brink of catastrophe before desisting, esp. in politics (尤指在政治上)边缘策略；边缘政策

briny /ˈbraini/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of brine or the sea; salty 卤水的；海水的；咸的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang  the sea [英] [俚语]海洋 □ brininess  n.  

brio /ˈbri:əʊ/ n.  dash, vigour, vivacity 活力，精力，活泼 [Italian]

brioche /bri:ˈɒʃ, ˈbri:ɒʃ/ n.  a small rounded sweet roll made with a light yeast dough 奶油鸡蛋卷 [French]

briquette /briˈket/ n. (also 亦作 briquet)  a block of compressed coal dust used as fuel 煤球，煤砖 [French briquette, diminutive of brique ‘brick’]

Brisbane /ˈbrizbən/ n.  布里斯班 [澳大利亚港市]

brisk /brisk/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  quick, lively, keen 敏捷的，轻快的；热切的  a brisk pace  轻快的步伐 brisk trade  活跃的行情 2  enlivening; fresh, keen 生机勃勃的；清新的  a brisk wind  清爽的风 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make or grow brisk (使)轻快；(使)活跃 □ brisken  v. tr. & intr.  □ briskly  adv.  □ briskness  n.   [probably French brusque BRUSQUE]

brisket /ˈbriskit/ n.  an animal's breast, esp. as a joint of meat (动物的)胸部；胸肉 [Anglo-French from Old French bruschet, perhaps from Old Norse]

brisling /ˈbrisliŋ, ˈbriz-/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or brislings)  a small herring or sprat 小鲱鱼；西鲱 [Norwegian & Danish, = sprat]

bristle /ˈbris(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short stiff hair, esp. one of those on an animal's back (尤指动物背部的)短而硬的毛，刚毛，鬃毛 2  such hairs, or a man-made substitute, used in clumps to make a brush 鬃毛状物；刷子毛 ●v.  1  a intr. (of the hair) stand upright, esp. in anger or pride (毛发因发怒或骄傲而)竖立b tr.  make (the hair) do this (使毛发)直立 2 intr.  show irritation or defensiveness 被激怒；准备战斗 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be covered or abundant (in) 布满，充满  pages bristling with images  充满想像的篇章 [Middle English bristel, brestel from Old English byrst]

bristlecone pine /ˈbris(ə)lkəʊn/ n.  a very long-lived shrubby pine of western N. America, Pinus aristata, used in dendrochronology 芒果松(生长在北美西部，寿命长的灌木状松树，可用于树木年代学研究)

bristletail /ˈbris(ə)lteil/ n.  a small primitive wingless insect of the order Thysanura or Diplura, with three or two terminal bristles respectively, e.g. a silverfish 缨尾虫(缨尾目或双尾目中长硬毛的无翅昆虫，如西洋衣鱼)

bristly /ˈbrisli/ adj.  full of bristles; rough, prickly 长满硬毛的；粗糙的；有刺的

Bristol board /ˈbrist(ə)l/ n.  a kind of fine smooth pasteboard for drawing on (绘画用的)优质纸板 [Bristol in S. England]

Bristol fashion /ˈbrist(ə)l/ n. (functioning as 用作 predic. adj.) (in full 全称 shipshape and Bristol fashion) Brit. orig. Naut.  with all in good order [英] (源自)【海】井井有条的，整齐的

bristols /ˈbrist(ə)lz/ n. pl. Brit. slang  a woman's breasts [英] [俚语] (妇女的)乳房，奶子 [rhyming slang from Bristol Cities = titties]

Brit /brit/ n. colloq.  a British person [口]英国人 [abbreviation]

Britain /ˈbritən/ n.  英国；大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 [欧洲]

Britannia /briˈtænjə/ n.  the personification of Britain, esp. as a helmeted woman with shield and trident 英国的拟人化称呼(以头戴钢盔、手持盾牌及三叉戟的女人为象征) [Latin from Greek Brettania, from Brettanoi, ‘Britons’]

Britannia metal n.  a silvery alloy of tin, antimony, and copper 不列颠合金(一种银白色锡锑铜合金)

Britannia silver n.  silver that is at least 95.8 per cent pure 不列颠银(纯度至少为 95.8%)

Britannic /briˈtænik/ adj. (esp. in 尤用于 His (or Her) Britannic Majesty)  of Britain 不列颠的；英国的 [Latin Britannicus (as BRITANNIA)]

Briticism /ˈbritisiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Britishism /-ʃiz(ə)m/)  an idiom used in Britain but not in other English-speaking countries 英国人而非其他说英语的国家特有的习语 [BRITISH, on the pattern of GALLICISM]

British /ˈbritiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Great Britain or the United Kingdom, or to its people or language (有关)大不列颠的； (有关)英国的；(有关)英国人的；(有关)英语的 2  of the British Commonwealth or (formerly) the British Empire 英联邦的；[旧指]英帝国的  British subject  英国臣民，英国国民 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the British people 英国人 □ Britishness  n.   [Old English Brettisc etc. from Bret ‘Briton’, from Latin Britto or its Celtic equivalent]

British English n.  English as used in Great Britain, as distinct from that used elsewhere 英国英语

Britisher /ˈbritiʃə/ n.  a British subject 英国国民

Britishism var.  of BRITICISM  BRITICISM 的变体

British Legion n.  = ROYAL BRITISH LEGION 

British Summer Time n.  time as advanced one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time for daylight saving between March and October 英国夏令时间(比格林尼治时间早 1 小时)

British thermal unit n.  the amount of heat needed to raise 1 lb of water at maximum density through one degree Fahrenheit, equivalent to 1.055 × 103 joules 英制热单位(将 1 磅水升高华氏 1 度所需的热量，等于 1.055 × 103 焦耳)

Briton /ˈbrit(ə)n/ n.  1  one of the people of southern Britain before the Roman conquest 布立吞人(古代南部不列颠人的一支) 2  a native or inhabitant of Great Britain or (formerly) of the British Empire 大不列颠人(居民)；[旧指]大英帝国人(居民) [Middle English & Old French Breton, from Latin Britto -onis or its Celtic equivalent]

brittle /ˈbrit(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  hard and fragile; apt to break 硬而脆的；易碎的 ●n.  a brittle sweet made from nuts and set melted sugar 果仁薄脆糖 □ brittlely  adv.  □ brittleness  n.   [Middle English, ultimately from a Germanic root related to Old English brēotan ‘break up’]

brittle-bone disease n. Brit. [英]  = OSTEOPOROSIS 

brittle-star n.  an echinoderm of the class Ophiuroidea, with long flexible arms radiating from a small central body 蛇尾(蛇尾纲棘皮动物)

Brittonic /briˈtɒnik/ adj. & n.  = BRYTHONIC  [Latin Britto -onis Briton]

bro. abbr. [缩略]  brother 

broach /brəʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  raise (a subject) for discussion 提出(议题)；提议 2 tr.  pierce (a cask) to draw liquor 在(桶)上打眼汲取液体 3 tr.  open and start using the contents of (a box, bale, bottle, etc.) 打开(盒子、捆包、瓶子等)并启用其中之物 4 tr.  begin drawing (liquor) 开始汲取(酒) 5 intr. & tr.  veer or cause (a ship) to veer and present a side to the wind and waves (使) (船)突然横转(侧面迎向风浪) ●n.  1  a bit for boring 钻头 2  a roasting-spit (烤肉用的)炙叉 [Middle English from Old French broche (n.), brocher (v.), ultimately from Latin brocc(h)us ‘projecting’]

broach spire n.  an octagonal church spire rising from a square tower without a parapet (教堂塔楼的)八面锥形尖顶

broad /brɔ:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  large in extent from one side to the other; wide 宽的；阔的；广的 2 (following a measurement) in breadth 宽阔的(用在量词之后)  2 metres broad  两米宽 3  spacious or extensive 辽阔的；宽广的  broad acres  广袤的土地 a broad plain  辽阔的平原 4  full and clear 敞亮的  broad daylight  大白天，光天化日 5  explicit, unmistakable 明确的；无误的  broad hint  明白的暗示 6  general; not taking account of detail 一般的，大致的；粗略的  broad intentions  一般意图 a broad inquiry  笼统的质询 in the broadest sense of the word  按这个词最广义的解释 7 (of speech) markedly regional (说话)带有明显地方口音的  broad Scots  很重的苏格兰口音 8  chief or principal 主要的；最重要的  the broad facts  重要的事实 9  tolerant, liberal; widely inclusive 宽容的；心胸开阔的；豁达的  take a broad view  持豁达开明的看法 10  somewhat coarse (有点)粗俗的  broad humour  下流的俏皮话，粗俗的幽默 ●n.  1  the broad part of something 宽阔的部分  broad of the back  肩宽 2 N. Amer. slang offens.  a woman [北美] [俚语] [冒犯]女人，娘们 3 (作 the Broads) Brit.  large areas of fresh water in E. Anglia, formed where rivers widen [英]湖沼地区(英吉利东部) □ broadness  n.  □ broadways  adv.  □ broadwise  adv.   [Old English brɑˉd, from Germanic]

broad arrow n.  a mark formerly used on British prison clothing and other Government stores (旧时英国用于囚衣和政府物品上的)镞形标记

broadband /ˈbrɔ:dbænd/ attrib. adj.  relating to or using signals over a broad range of frequencies, esp. in high-capacity telecommunications (尤指在大容量电信中) (有关或)使用宽(频)带的；宽波段的

broad bean n.  1  a kind of bean, Vicia faba, with pods containing large edible flat seeds 蚕豆 2  one of these seeds 蚕豆种

broad-brush attrib. adj.  as if painted with a broad brush; general; lacking in detail 粗线条的；一般的；泛泛的  adopted a broad-brush approach  采用粗线条的方法

broadcast /ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st/ v., n., adj. & adv. ●v. (past broadcast and past part. broadcast or broadcasted)  1 tr.  a  transmit (programmes or information) by radio or television 无线电(或电视)广播(节目、消息)b  disseminate (information) widely 广泛传播(消息) 2 intr.  undertake or take part in a radio or television transmission 参与(无线电或电视节目)播放 3 tr.  scatter (seed etc.) over a large area, esp. by hand (尤指用手)播撒(种子等) ●n.  a radio or television programme or transmission 无线电(电视广播)节目 ●adj.  1  transmitted by radio or television (无线电、电视)广播的 2  a  scattered widely 散布广的b (of information etc.) widely disseminated (消息等)四处传播的 ●adv.  over a large area 广泛地 □ broadcaster  n.  □ broadcasting  n.   [BROAD + CAST past part.]

Broad Church n.  1  a group within the Anglican Church favouring a liberal interpretation of doctrine 宽和(教会)派(英国国教中主张不拘泥于教条的派别) 2 Brit.  any group allowing its members a wide range of opinion [英]任何允许其成员接受各种意见的派别

broadcloth /ˈbrɔ:dklɒθ/ n.  a fine cloth of wool, cotton, or silk (毛、棉、丝织成的)细平布 [originally with reference to width and quality]

broaden /ˈbrɔ:d(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become broader 加宽；变宽

broad gauge n.  a railway track with a gauge wider than the standard one (比标准轨距宽的)宽轨铁路

broadleaved /brɔ:dˈli:vd/ adj. (of a tree) having relatively broad flat leaves rather than needles; non-coniferous (树)阔叶的；非针叶的 □ broadleaf  n. & attrib. adj.  

broadloom /ˈbrɔ:dlu:m/ adj. (esp. of carpet) woven in broad widths (尤指地毯)宽幅的

broadly /ˈbrɔ:dli/ adv.  in a broad manner; widely 大体上；广泛地  grinned broadly  开怀大笑 □ broadly speaking   disregarding minor exceptions 大体上讲，总而言之

broad-minded /brɔ:dˈmaindid/ adj.  tolerant or liberal in one's views 宽容的，开明的，大度的 □ broad-mindedly  adv.  □ broad-mindedness  n.  

broad pennant n.  a short swallow-tailed pennant distinguishing the commodore's ship in a squadron (海军分遣队指挥官所在舰的)阔三角燕尾旗

broadsheet /ˈbrɔ:dʃi:t/ n.  1  a large sheet of paper printed on one side only, esp. with information (单面印有信息的)大张印刷品 2  a newspaper with a large format (全开尺寸)报纸

broadside /ˈbrɔ:dsaid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the firing of all guns from one side of a ship (战舰一侧的)舷炮齐发 2  a vigorous verbal onslaught (口头的)猛烈抨击 3  the side of a ship above the water between the bow and quarter (水面以上的)舷侧 ●v. tr. N. Amer.  collide with the side of (a vehicle etc.) [北美] (车辆等)侧面碰撞 □ broadside on   sideways on 侧面地

broad spectrum adj. (of a medicinal substance) effective against a large variety of micro-organisms (药物)广谱的

broadsword /ˈbrɔ:dsɔ:d/ n.  a sword with a broad blade, for cutting rather than thrusting (宽刃)大砍刀

broadtail /ˈbrɔ:dteil/ n.  1  the karakul sheep 卡腊库耳大尾绵羊 2  the fleece or wool from its lamb 卡腊库耳大尾绵羔羊的皮毛

broadway /ˈbrɔ:dwei/ n.  a large open or main road 宽阔的马路；公路

brocade /brəˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  a rich fabric with a silky finish woven with a raised pattern, and often with gold or silver thread (用金银丝线织出的)浮花锦缎；(织)锦缎 ●v. tr.  weave with this design 织出浮花 [Spanish & Portuguese brocado from Italian broccato, from brocco ‘twisted thread’]

broccoli /ˈbrɒkəli/ n.  1  a variety of cabbage, similar to the cauliflower, with a loose cluster of greenish flower buds (与菜花相似的)球花甘蓝 2  the flower stalk and head used as a vegetable 嫩茎花椰菜，西兰花菜 [Italian, pl. of broccolo, diminutive of brocco ‘sprout’]

broch /brɒk, brɒx/ n. (in Scotland) a prehistoric circular stone tower (苏格兰)史前圆形石塔 [alteration of BURGH: cf. Old Norse borg ‘castle’]

brochette /brɒˈʃet/ n.  a skewer on which chunks of meat are cooked, esp. over an open fire (尤指置于露天火上烤肉用的)小炙叉 [French, diminutive of broche BROACH]

brochure /ˈbrəʊʃə, brɒˈʃʊə/ n.  a pamphlet or leaflet, esp. one giving descriptive information (介绍情况的)小册子 [French, literally ‘a stitched work’, from brocher ‘stitch’]

brock /brɒk/ n. Brit. (esp. in rural use) a badger [英] (尤指农村用语)獾 [Old English broc(c), of Celtic origin: cf. Welsh broch, Irish, Gaelic broc]

Brocken spectre /ˈbrɒk(ə)n/ n.  a magnified shadow of the observer, often surrounded by rainbow-like bands, thrown on to a bank of cloud in high mountain areas when the sun is low 布罗肯幻影(在云雾弥漫的高山地区出现的被光圈环绕的巨大影像) [Brocken, the highest of the Harz Mountains in Germany, where it was first reported]

brocket /ˈbrɒkit/ n.  any small deer of the genus Mazama, native to Central and S. America, having short straight antlers (产于中、南美洲的)墨西哥鹿 [Middle English from Anglo-French broque, variant of broche BROACH]

broderie anglaise /ˌbrəʊd(ə)ri ɒŋˈɡleiz/ n.  open embroidery on white linen or cambric, esp. in floral patterns (尤指刺在白亚麻布、细薄布上带有雕空花卉图案的)英格兰刺绣；白色网眼花卉刺绣 [French, = English embroidery]

brogue1 /brəʊɡ/ n.  1  a strong outdoor shoe with ornamental perforated bands 拷花皮鞋 2  a rough shoe of untanned leather (未经鞣制的)粗皮鞋 [Gaelic & Irish brōg from Old Norse brók]

brogue2 /brəʊɡ/ n.  a marked accent, esp. Irish (尤指带爱尔兰口音的)土腔，方言口音 [18th c.: origin unknown: perhaps allusively from BROGUE1, referring to the rough footwear of Irish peasants]

broil1 /brɔil/ v. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1 tr.  cook (meat) on a rack or a gridiron (在铁架上)烤(或炙) (肉) 2 tr. & intr.  make or become very hot, esp. from the sun 受到(尤指阳光)灼烤；感到极热 [Middle English from Old French bruler ‘burn’ from Romanic]

broil2 /brɔil/ n.  a row; a tumult 争吵；混乱 [obsolete broil ‘to muddle’: cf. EMBROIL]

broiler /ˈbrɔilə/ n.  1  a young chicken raised for broiling or roasting (适合烤炙的)童子鸡 2  a gridiron etc. for broiling 炙烤架(烤焙锅等) 3 colloq.  a very hot day [口]酷暑；大热天

broiler house n. Brit.  a building for rearing broiler chickens in close confinement [英] (专门饲养炙烤鸡的)鸡房

broke /brəʊk/ past  of BREAK1 ; predic. adj. colloq. having no money; financially ruined [口]身无分文的；破了产的 □ go for broke  slang  risk everything in an all-out effort [俚语]孤注一掷 [(adj.) archaic past part. of BREAK1]

broken /ˈbrəʊk(ə)n/ past part. of BREAK1; adj.  1  that has been broken; out of order 被打破的；出了毛病的 2 (of a person) reduced to despair; defeated (人)绝望的；颓废的 3 (of a language or of speech) spoken falteringly and with many mistakes, as by a foreigner (语言、讲话)结结巴巴的；蹩脚的  broken English  蹩脚的英语 4  disturbed, interrupted 受打搅的；被打断的  broken time  零碎的时间 5  uneven 凹凸不平的；崎岖的  broken ground  坑坑洼洼的地面 □ brokenly  adv.  □ brokenness  /ˈbrəʊk(ə)nnis/ n.  

broken chord n. Mus.  a chord in which the notes are played successively 【音】分解和弦

broken-down adj.  1  worn out by age, use, or ill-treatment 破旧的；失修的；极其衰弱的 2  not functioning 出了毛病的

broken-hearted adj.  overwhelmed with sorrow or grief 伤心的；心碎的 □ broken-heartedness  n.  

broken home n.  a family in which the parents are divorced or separated 破裂的家庭(父母离异或分居)

broken reed n.  a person who has become unreliable or ineffective 不可信赖的人；不可靠的人

broken wind n.  a chronic disabling condition of a horse due to ruptured air-cells in the lungs (马的)肺气肿病 □ broken-winded  adj.  

broker /ˈbrəʊkə/ n.  1  an agent who buys and sells for others; a middleman 经纪人；中(间)人；掮客 2  a member of the Stock Exchange dealing in stocks and shares 证券经纪人；股票经纪人 3 Brit.  an official appointed to sell or appraise distrained goods [英]出售(或评估)扣押物品的官员 [Middle English from Anglo-French brocour, of unknown origin]■Usage 用法说明 The term broker in sense 2 was officially replaced in the UK by broker-dealer in 1986, broker-dealers being entitled to act both as agents and principals in share dealings. 在第 2 个释义中， broker 一词在英国已于 1986 年被 broker-dealer 正式取代，在股票交易中，既可指代理人，又可指委托人。 

brokerage /ˈbrəʊk(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the action or service of a broker 经纪业；掮客业务 2  a company providing such a service 中介公司 3  a broker's fee or commission (付给中间人的)手续费；中介费

broker-dealer n.  a person combining the former functions of a broker and jobber on the Stock Exchange (集代理、委托为一身的)证券交易商

broking /ˈbrəʊkiŋ/ n. Brit.  the trade or business of a broker [英]经纪业

brolga /ˈbrɒlɡə/ n. Austral.  a large Australian crane, Grus rubicunda, with a booming call 【澳】澳洲鹤 [Kamilaroi (and other Aboriginal languages) burralga]

brolly /ˈbrɒli/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  an umbrella [口]伞 2 slang  a parachute [俚语]降落伞 [abbreviation]

bromate /ˈbrəʊmeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of bromic acid 【化】溴酸盐；溴酸脂

brome /brəʊm/ n.  any oatlike grass of the genus Bromus, having slender stems with flowering spikes 雀麦草 [modern Latin Bromus from Greek bromos ‘oat’]

bromelia /brəˈmi:liə/ n. (also 亦作 bromeliad /-liæd/)  any plant of the family Bromeliaceae (esp. of the genus Bromelia), native to the New World, having short stems with rosettes of stiff usu. spiny leaves, e.g. pineapple 凤梨科植物(尤指凤梨属植物，生于西半球，通常叶上有刺，如菠萝) [O. Bromel, Swedish botanist d. 1705]

bromic /ˈbrəʊmik/ adj. Chem.  of or containing bromine 【化】溴的；含溴的

bromic acid n.  a strong acid used as an oxidizing agent 溴酸

bromide /ˈbrəʊmaid/ n.  1 Chem.  any compound of bromine with another element or group 【化】溴化物 2 Pharm.  a preparation of usu. potassium bromide, used as a sedative 【药】(通常为溴化钾)镇静剂 3  a trite remark 陈腐庸俗的话 4 Brit.  a reproduction or proof on bromide paper [英] (印在溴化银相纸上的)图像；照相稿

bromide paper n.  a photographic printing paper coated with silver bromide emulsion 溴化银相纸

bromine /ˈbrəʊmi:n/ n. Chem.  a dark fuming liquid element with a choking irritating smell, extracted from bittern and used in the manufacture of chemicals for photography and medicine (symbol 符 Br) 【化】(化学元素)溴 □ bromism  n.   [French brome from Greek brōmos ‘stink’]

bromo- /ˈbrəʊməʊ/ comb. form Chem.  bromine [构词成分]【化】溴的

bronc /brɒŋk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = BRONCO  [abbreviation]

bronchi pl.  of BRONCHUS  

bronchial /ˈbrɒŋkiəl/ adj.  of or relating to the bronchi or bronchioles (有关)支气管的；(有关)细支气管的

bronchial tree n.  the branching system of bronchi and bronchioles conducting air from the windpipe into the lungs 支气管树，支气管系统

bronchiole /ˈbrɒŋkiəʊl/ n.  any of the minute divisions of a bronchus 细支气管 □ bronchiolar  /-ˈəʊlə/ adj.  

bronchitis /brɒŋˈkaitis/ n.  inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes 支气管炎 □ bronchitic  /-ˈkitik/ adj. & n.  

broncho- /ˈbrɒŋkəʊ/ comb. form  bronchi [构词成分]支气管

bronchodilator /ˌbrɒŋkəʊdaiˈleitə/ n.  a substance which causes widening of the bronchi, used esp. to alleviate asthma (尤指减轻哮喘用的)支气管扩张药

bronchopneumonia /ˌbrɒŋkəʊnju:ˈməʊniə/ n.  inflammation of the lungs, arising in the bronchi or bronchioles 支气管肺炎

bronchoscope /ˈbrɒŋkəskəʊp/ n.  a usu. fibre-optic instrument for inspecting the bronchi (通常为光纤)支气管镜 □ bronchoscopy  /-ˈkɒskəpi/ n.  

bronchus /ˈbrɒŋkəs/ n. (pl. bronchi /-kai/)  any of the major air passages of the lungs, esp. either of the two main divisions of the windpipe (尤指肺两侧的)支气管 [Late Latin from Greek brogkhos, ‘windpipe’]

bronco /ˈbrɒŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a wild or half-tamed horse of the western US (美国西部的)野马(或半驯化马) [Spanish, = rough]

broncobuster /ˈbrɒŋkəʊˌbʌstə/ n. US slang  a person who breaks in horses [美] [俚语]驯马师

brontosaurus /brɒntəˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (also 亦作 brontosaur /ˈbrɒntəsɔ:/)  = APATOSAURUS  [former genus name, from Greek brontē ‘thunder’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

bronze /brɒnz/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  an alloy of copper with up to one-third tin 青铜(铜与锡的合金) 2  its brownish colour 青铜色 3  a thing made of bronze, esp. as a work of art 尤指作为艺术品的青铜制品 ●adj.  made of or coloured like bronze 青铜制的；青铜色的 ●v.  1 tr.  give a surface of bronze or resembling bronze to 在…上镀青铜；上青铜色于 2 tr. & intr.  make or become brown; tan 使变成黄褐色；晒黑 □ bronzy  adj.   [French from Italian bronzo, probably from Persian birinj ‘copper’]

Bronze Age n.  the period preceding the Iron Age, when weapons and tools were usu. made of bronze (通常武器及用具均用青铜制成的)青铜器时代

bronze medal n.  a bronze-coloured medal, usu. awarded as third prize 铜牌(通常授予第三名)

brooch /brəʊtʃ/ n.  an ornament fastened to clothing with a hinged pin 胸针(一种饰针) [Middle English broche = BROACH n.]

brood /bru:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the young of an animal (esp. a bird) produced at one hatching or birth (一窝孵出的)幼雏(尤指鸟) 2 colloq.  the children in a family [口] (一个家庭的)所有孩子 3  a group of related things 一类，一批，一伙，一群 4  bee or wasp larvae (蜜蜂或黄蜂的)幼蜂 5 (作 attrib.)  kept for breeding 为繁育而饲养的  brood mare  传种母马 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, over, etc.)  worry or ponder (esp. resentfully) 忧虑；(尤指怨忿地)沉思 2  a intr.  sit as a hen on eggs to hatch them 母鸡抱窝似地静坐b tr.  sit on (eggs) to hatch them 孵(蛋) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over) (of silence, a storm, etc.) hang or hover closely (寂静、暴风雨等)笼罩；盘旋 □ broodingly  adv.   [Old English brōd from Germanic: related to BREED]

brooder /ˈbru:də/ n.  1  a heated house for chicks, piglets, etc. 育鸡(小猪等)暖房 2  a person who broods 育雏的人；沉思的人

broody /ˈbru:di/ adj. (broodier, broodiest)  1 (of a hen) wanting to brood (母鸡)要抱窝的 2  sullenly thoughtful or depressed 郁郁沉思的；抑郁的 3 colloq. (of a woman) wanting to have a baby [口] (女人)想要孩子的 □ broodily  adv.  □ broodiness  n.  

brook1 /brʊk/ n.  a small stream 小溪 □ brooklet  /-lit/ n.  小涧；细流 [Old English brōc, of unknown origin]

brook2 /brʊk/ v. tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) formal  tolerate, allow [正式]容忍；容许 [Old English brūcan from Germanic]

brooklime /ˈbrʊklaim/ n.  a kind of speedwell, Veronica beccabunga, growing in wet areas 婆婆纳(长于湿地) [BROOK1 + Old English hleomoce, name of the plant]

brookweed /ˈbrʊkwi:d/ n.  a small white-flowered plant, Samolus valerandi, of the primrose family, growing in wet ground 溪草，水繁缕，水茴草(一种开小白花的报春花科植物)

broom /bru:m/ n.  1  a long-handled brush of bristles, twigs, etc. for sweeping (originally one made of twigs of broom) (长柄鬃毛或细枝的)扫帚；笤帚(原为金雀花属植物的细枝做成) 2  any of various shrubs, esp. Cytisus scoparius, bearing bright yellow flowers 金雀花属植物(尤指金雀花) [Old English brōm, from the Germanic base of BRAMBLE]

broomrape /ˈbru:mreip/ n.  a parasitic plant of the genus Orobanche, with tubular flowers on a leafless brown stem, and living on the roots of broom and similar plants (列当属)肉苁蓉(一种寄生于金雀花根部的植物) [BROOM + Latin rapum, ‘tuber’]

broomstick /ˈbru:mstik/ n.  the handle of a broom, esp. as allegedly ridden through the air by witches 扫帚柄(尤指传说中女巫乘骑的扫帚柄)

Bros. abbr.  Brothers (esp. in the name of a firm) [缩略]兄弟(尤指用于公司名称)

brose /brəʊz/ n. esp. Sc.  a dish of oatmeal with boiling water or milk poured on it [尤苏格兰]麦片糊(在麦片中加入开水、牛奶制成) [Scots form of brewis ‘broth’: Middle English from Old French bro(u)ez, ultimately from Germanic]

broth /brɒθ/ n.  1  a  a thin soup of meat or fish stock (肉、鱼的)原汁清汤b  unclarified meat or fish stock 肉汤；鱼汤 2 Biol.  meat stock as a nutrient medium for bacteria 【生】(肉汤作为细菌)培养基 [Old English from Germanic: related to BREW]

brothel /ˈbrɒθ(ə)l/ n.  a house etc. where prostitution takes place 妓院(窑子等) [originally brothel-house from Middle English brothel ‘worthless man, prostitute’, from Old English brēothan ‘go to ruin’]

brothel creepers n. pl. slang Brit.  soft-soled (usu. suede) shoes [英] [俚语]软底(通常绒面)鞋

brother /ˈbrʌðə/ n.  1  a man or boy in relation to other sons and daughters of his parents 兄弟 2  a (often as a form of address) a close male friend or associate 老兄(常用于称呼)b  a male fellow member of a trade union etc. (男性)同行，同人(同事等) 3 (pl. also 亦作 brethren /ˈbreðrin/)  a  a member of a male religious order, esp. a monk (同一教会的)教友(尤指修士)b  a fellow member of the Christian Church, a religion, or (formerly) a guild etc. (基督教等的)教友；[旧指]行会等的会友 4  a fellow human being 同胞；同仁 □ brotherless  adj.  □ brotherly  adj. & adv.  □ brotherliness  n.   [Old English brōthor, from Germanic]

brother german  see 见 GERMAN 

brotherhood /ˈbrʌðəhʊd/ n.  1  a  the relationship between brothers 兄弟关系b  brotherly friendliness; companionship 兄弟情谊；伴侣关系 2  a  an association, society, or community of people linked by a common interest, religion, trade, etc. (共同利益、宗教、买卖等连在一起的)协会；兄弟会；同志会；同业公会；修士会b  its members collectively (总称)会员 3 N. Amer.  a trade union [北美]工会 4  community of feeling between all human beings 四海一家，人类情谊 [Middle English alteration of brotherrede, from Old English brōthor-rœˉden (cf. KINDRED) influenced by words in -HOOD, -HEAD]

brother-in-law n. (pl. brothers-in-law)  1  the brother of one's wife or husband 内兄；内弟；大伯；小叔子 2  the husband of one's sister 姐夫；妹夫 3  the husband of one's sister-in-law 连襟

brother uterine  see 见 UTERINE 2 

brougham /ˈbru:(ə)m/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a horse-drawn closed carriage with a driver perched outside in front 布鲁厄姆马车(一种驭者座在车厢之外的四轮马车) 2  a motor car with an open driver's seat 布鲁厄姆式汽车(一种驾驶座敞开的轿车) [Lord Brougham (d. 1868), who designed the carriage]

brought past and past part.  of BRING 

brouhaha /ˈbru:hɑ:hɑ:/ n.  commotion, sensation; hubbub, uproar 混乱，激动；喧闹；暴动 [French: imitative]

brow /braʊ/ n.  1  the forehead 前额 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an eyebrow 眉毛 3  the summit of a hill or pass 关隘的最高处，山梁 4  the edge of a cliff etc. (悬崖等的)边缘 5 colloq.  intellectual level [口]智力(或才能)水平 □ browed  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English brū, from Germanic]

browbeat /ˈbraʊbi:t/ v. tr. (past -beat; past part. -beaten)  intimidate with stern looks and words (声色俱厉地)威吓；吓唬 □ browbeater  n.  

brown /braʊn/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  having the colour produced by mixing red, yellow, and black, as of dark wood or rich soil 棕色的；褐色的 2  dark-skinned or suntanned 肤色深的；日光晒黑的 3 (of bread) made from a dark flour as wholemeal or wheatmeal (面包)麸面的；全麦的 4 (of species or varieties) distinguished by brown coloration (物种、品种)棕种的 ●n.  1  a brown colour or pigment 褐色(颜料) 2  brown clothes or material 棕色(褐色)衣服(或织物)  dressed in brown  穿着褐色衣服 3 (in a game or sport) a brown ball, piece, etc. (游戏或体育运动中的)棕色球(或块等) ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become brown by cooking, sunburn, etc. (经烘烤、日晒等) (使)变成褐(或棕)色 □ in a brown study   see 见 STUDY □ brownish  adj.  □ brownness  /ˈbraʊnnis/ n.  □ browny  adj.   [Old English brūn, from Germanic]

brown ale n. Brit.  a dark, mild, bottled beer [英] (色深味淡的)瓶装麦芽啤

brown bag n. esp. N. Amer.  a plain brown paper bag in which a lunch is packed and carried to work etc. [尤北美] (装午餐到工作等场所用的)牛皮纸袋 □ brown-bagger  n.  

brown bear n.  a large brown bear, Ursus arctos, found in parts of Eurasia and N. America 棕熊

brown coal n.  = LIGNITE 

browned off adj. Brit. slang  fed up, disheartened [英] [俚语]厌烦的，受够了的；气馁的

brown fat n.  a dark-coloured adipose tissue with a rich supply of blood vessels 棕脂组织(布满血管的棕色脂肪层)

brown goods n. pl. Brit.  household goods such as television sets and audio equipment [英]棕色(或茶色)商品(如电视机、音箱等家用电子产品)

brown holland n.  unbleached holland 本色荷兰亚麻布

Brownian motion /ˈbraʊniən/ n. (also 亦作 Brownian movement) Physics  the erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a liquid, gas, etc., as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium 【物理学】布朗运动(悬浮在液体或气体等中的微小粒子所作的永不停止的无规则运动) [R. Brown, Scots botanist d. 1858]

Brownie /ˈbraʊni/ n.  1 (Brit. [英] in full 全称 Brownie Guide)  a member of the junior branch of the Guides Association 幼年女童子军 2 (brownie)  a  a small square of rich, usu. chocolate, cake with nuts (小方块)果仁巧克力蛋糕b Austral. & NZ  a sweet currant-bread [澳新]葡萄干甜面包 3 (brownie)  a benevolent elf said to haunt houses and do household work secretly 棕仙(悄悄帮人做家务的善良小精灵)

Brownie Guider n.  the adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides 幼年女童子军成人指导员

brownie point n. colloq.  a notional credit for something done to please or win favour [口]幼年女童子军积分(因做好事得分)

browning /ˈbraʊniŋ/ n. Brit.  browned flour or any other additive to colour gravy [英] (调制肉汁用的)棕色着色剂

brown-nose n. & v. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n. (also 亦作 brown-noser)  a sycophant 拍马屁的人 ●v. intr. & tr.  curry favour (with) 拍马屁；向…献媚

brown owl n.  1  any of various owls, esp. the tawny owl 褐色猫头鹰(尤指灰林鸮) 2 (Brown Owl) Brit. colloq.  the adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides, officially termed Brownie Guider since 1968 [英口]幼年女童子军成人指导员 (1968 年正式命名为 Brownie Guides)

brown rice n.  unpolished rice with only the husk of the grain removed 糙米

Brownshirt /ˈbraʊnʃɜ:t/ n.  a Nazi; a member of a fascist organization 褐衫党党员(纳粹分子)；法西斯分子

brownstone /ˈbraʊnstəʊn/ n. US [美]  1  a kind of reddish-brown sandstone used for building (建筑用)褐沙石 2  a building faced with this (用褐沙石抹墙面的)褐砂石楼房

brown sugar n.  unrefined or partially refined sugar 红糖，赤砂糖

brown trout n.  a common European trout, Salmo trutta, esp. of a small dark non-migratory race found in small rivers and pools (尤指体小、色深、不回游的)河鳟

browse /braʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  read or survey desultorily 随便翻阅；浏览 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  feed (on leaves, twigs, or scanty vegetation) 吃(树叶、嫩枝、稀少的植被)为生 3 tr.  crop and eat 啃吃 4 intr. & tr. Computing  read or survey (data files etc.), esp. via a network 【计算】(尤指通过网络)浏览(数据文件等) ●n.  1  twigs, young shoots, etc., as fodder for cattle (可作牛饲料的)嫩枝(嫩芽等) 2  an act of browsing 浏览 □ browser  n.   [noun from earlier brouse from Old French brost ‘young shoot’, probably from Germanic; verb from French broster]

BRS abbr.  British Road Services [缩略]英国道路服务处

Bruce /bru:s/   布鲁斯 [人名]

brucellosis /bru:səˈləʊsis/ n.  a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, affecting esp. cattle and causing undulant fever in humans 布鲁氏菌病(尤能危害牛，并会致人患布鲁氏杆菌病) [Brucella (from Sir D. Bruce, Scots physician d. 1931) + -OSIS]

brucite /ˈbru:sait/ n.  a white, grey, or greenish mineral form of magnesium hydroxide 氢氧镁石 [A. Bruce, US mineralogist d. 1818]

Bruin /ˈbru:in/ n.  a personal name used for a bear 布伦熊 [Middle English from Dutch, = BROWN: used as a name in the fable Reynard the Fox]

bruise /bru:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on a human or animal body, caused by a blow or impact which ruptures underlying blood vessels (打击或碰撞后产生的)青肿；挫伤 2  an area of damage on a fruit etc. (水果等上的)碰伤 ●v.  1 tr.  a  inflict a bruise on 打得青肿；使受淤伤b  hurt mentally (精神上)伤害 2 intr.  be susceptible to bruising 易受伤害 3 tr.  crush or pound 压碎；捣碎  bruised oats  捣碎的燕麦 [Middle English from Old English bryˉsan ‘crush’, reinforced by Anglo-French bruser, Old French bruisier ‘break’]

bruiser /ˈbru:zə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a large tough-looking person 彪形大汉 2  a professional boxer 职业拳击手

bruit /bru:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 abroad, about)  spread (a report or rumour) 散布(传闻、谣言) ●n. archaic  a report or rumour [古义]传闻；谣言 [French, = noise from bruire ‘roar’]

Brum /brʌm/ n. Brit. colloq.  Birmingham (in England) [英口]伯明翰(英国) [abbreviation of BRUMMAGEM]

brumby /ˈbrʌmbi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral.  a wild or unbroken horse [澳]野马；未驯化的马 [19th c.: origin unknown]

brume /bru:m/ n. literary  mist, fog [文学用语]雾，雾霭 [French from Latin bruma ‘winter’]

Brummagem /ˈbrʌmədʒ(ə)m/ adj.  1  cheap and showy 廉价而花哨的  Brummagem goods  俗艳的便宜货 2  counterfeit 仿造的；假的 [dialect form of Birmingham, England, with reference to counterfeit coins and plated goods once made there]

Brummie /ˈbrʌmi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Brummy) Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a native of Birmingham 伯明翰人 ●adj.  of or characteristic of a Brummie 伯明翰人的，有伯明翰人特点的  a Brummie accent  伯明翰人口音 [BRUM]

brunch /brʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a late-morning meal eaten as the first meal of the day 早午餐(快中午才吃的早餐) ●v. intr.  eat brunch 吃早午餐 [breakfast + lunch]

Brunei   文莱

Bruneian /ˈbru:naiən/ adj. & n.  文莱的(人)

brunette /bru:ˈnet, brʊ-/ n. & adj. (US also [美亦] brunet) ●n.  a woman with dark brown hair 头发为深褐色的女子 ●adj. (of a woman) having dark brown hair (女子)长着深褐色头发的 [French, fem. of brunet, diminutive of brun BROWN]

brunt /brʌnt/ n.  the chief or initial impact of an attack, task, etc. (esp. 尤指 bear the brunt of 首当其冲) (攻击、任务等)主要冲力，主要力量；最繁重的任务 [Middle English: origin unknown]

brush /brʌʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an implement with bristles, hair, wire, etc. varying in firmness set into a block or projecting from the end of a handle, for any of various purposes, esp. cleaning or scrubbing, painting, arranging the hair, etc. (鬃、毛、铁丝等的)刷，毛刷；画笔；毛笔(尤用于清洗、擦净、绘画及头发整理等) 2  the application of a brush; brushing (用刷子)刷；涂抹 3  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a short esp. unpleasant encounter (尤指令人不快的)小接触；小冲突  a brush with the law  轻微地触犯法律b  a skirmish 小摩擦，小争执 4  a  the bushy tail of a fox (狐狸的)毛茸茸的尾巴b  a brushlike tuft 刷状物 5 Electr.  a piece of carbon or metal serving as an electrical contact esp. with a moving part 【电】(尤指与活动部件接触的)电刷 6 esp. N. Amer. & Austral. [尤北美澳]  a  undergrowth, thicket; small trees and shrubs 灌木丛；小树丛b US  such wood cut in faggots [美]砍下的树枝柴把c  land covered with brush 灌木丛地带d Austral.  dense forest [澳]密林 7 Austral. & NZ slang  a girl or young woman [澳新] [俚语]姑娘；年轻妇女 ●v.  1 tr.  a  sweep or scrub or put in order with a brush (用刷子)刷；擦；刷整齐b  treat (a surface) with a brush so as to change its nature or appearance (用毛笔或画笔在表面)写；画 2 tr.  a  remove (dust etc.) with a brush (用刷子)掸；拂(尘土等)b  apply (a liquid preparation) to a surface with a brush 刷上；涂抹(液剂) 3 tr. & intr.  graze or touch in passing 触及；擦过；掠过 4 intr.  perform a brushing action or motion 刷；掸；擦 □ brush aside   dismiss or dispose of (a person, idea, etc.) curtly or lightly 把(人)打发走；对(建议、想法等)置之不理，漠视□ brush off   rebuff; dismiss abruptly 粗鲁地拒绝；打发走□ brush over   paint lightly 轻轻地刷□ brush up   1 Brit.  clean up or smarten [英]刷干净；使整洁 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  revive one's former knowledge of (a subject) 重温(课程)；□ brushlike  adj.  □ brushy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French brosse]

brush discharge n. Electr.  a broad electrical discharge occurring when the potential difference is not sufficient for a spark or arc 【电】刷形放电

brushed aluminium n.  aluminium treated so that it has a lustreless surface 无光铝

brushed fabric n.  fabric brushed so as to raise the nap 拉绒织物

brushless /ˈbrʌʃlis/ adj.  not requiring the use of a brush 无需用刷子的

brush-off n.  a rebuff; an abrupt dismissal 不理睬；打发走

brush turkey n. Austral.  a large mound-building bird, Alectura lathami [澳]营冢鸟

brush-up n. Brit.  the process or an instance of brushing up [英]温习；打扮；整修

brushwood /ˈbrʌʃwʊd/ n.  1  cut or broken twigs etc. 砍下(或掉下)的树枝(柴枝等) 2  undergrowth; thicket 灌木丛；小树林

brushwork /ˈbrʌʃwɜ:k/ n.  1  manipulation of the brush in painting 绘画；书法 2  a painter's style in this (画家的)画风；笔法

brusque /brʊsk, bru:sk/ adj.  abrupt or offhand in manner or speech (举止、讲话)粗鲁的；唐突的；生硬的 □ brusquely  adv.  □ brusqueness  n.  □ brusquerie  /ˈbrʊsk(ə)ri:, ˈbru:-/ n.   [French from Italian brusco ‘sour’]

Brussels /ˈbrʌslz/ n.  布鲁塞尔 [比利时首都]

Brussels carpet /ˈbrʌs(ə)lz/ n.  a carpet with a wool pile and a stout linen back 布鲁塞尔地毯(一种由羊毛拉成小圈的粗麻地毯) [Brussels in Belgium]

Brussels lace /ˈbrʌs(ə)lz/ n.  an elaborate needlepoint or pillow lace 布鲁塞尔花边(一种精致针锈花边或枕头花边)

Brussels sprout /ˈbrʌs(ə)lz/ n.  1  a variety of cabbage producing many small compact buds borne close together along a tall single stem 汤菜，抱子甘蓝 2  one of these buds used as a vegetable (球芽甘蓝的)球状芽(可食用)

brut /bru:t/ adj. (of wine) unsweetened (酒)不甜的 [French, = raw, rough]

brutal /ˈbru:t(ə)l/ adj.  1  savagely or coarsely cruel 野蛮的；残忍的 2  harsh, merciless 冷酷的，无情的 □ brutality  /-ˈtæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ brutally  adv.   [French brutal or medieval Latin brutalis, from brutus BRUTE]

brutalism /ˈbru:t(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  brutality 兽性；残忍 2  a heavy plain style of architecture etc. 野兽主义(建筑等中的朴实无华的粗犷风格) □ brutalist  n. & adj.  

brutalize /ˈbru:t(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make brutal 使变得残忍 2  treat brutally 残酷地对待 □ brutalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

brute /bru:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a brutal or violent person or animal 残暴的人；野兽b colloq.  an unpleasant person [口]可恶的人 2  an animal as opposed to a human being 野兽，畜牲 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  not possessing the capacity to reason 无理性的 2  a  animal-like, cruel 兽性的；残忍的b  stupid, sensual 愚蠢的；肉欲的 3  unthinking, merely material 无思想的；无感觉的  brute force  暴力 brute matter  非生物 □ brutehood  n.  □ brutish  adj.  □ brutishly  adv.  □ brutishness  n.   [French from Latin brutus ‘stupid’]

bruxism /ˈbrʌksiz(ə)m/ n.  the involuntary or habitual grinding or clenching of the teeth 磨牙症 [Greek brukhein ‘gnash the teeth’]

Bryan /ˈbraiən/   布赖恩 [人名]

Brylcreem /ˈbrilkri:m/ n. propr.  a cream for working into the hair to give it a smooth shiny appearance [商标]光亮发乳 [corruption of BRILLIANT + CREAM]

bryology /braiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of bryophytes 苔癣植物学 □ bryological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ bryologist  n.   [Greek bruon ‘moss’]

bryony /ˈbraiəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  any climbing plant of the genus Bryonia, esp. B. dioica bearing greenish-white flowers and red berries 泻根属植物(尤指雌雄并株泻根) [Latin bryonia from Greek bruōnia]

bryophyte /ˈbraiə(ʊ)fait/ n.  a cryptogamous plant of the division Bryophyta, comprising mosses and liverworts 苔癣植物 □ bryophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.   [modern Latin Bryophyta from Greek bruon ‘moss’ + phuton ‘plant’]

bryozoan /braiə(ʊ)ˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Bryozoa, forming colonies attached to rocks, seaweeds, etc. Also called 亦称作 polyzoan 苔癣虫(依附于岩石、海藻等) ●adj.  of or relating to the phylum Bryozoa (有关)苔癣虫门的 □ bryozoology  /-zəʊˈɒlədʒi, -zu:-/ n.   [Greek bruon ‘moss’ + zōia ‘animals’]

Brythonic /briˈθɒnik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the southern group of the Celtic languages, comprising Welsh, Cornish, and Breton Also called 亦称作 Brittonic 布立吞语(包括威尔士、康沃尔、布列塔尼语在内的凯尔特语) ●adj.  of or relating to Brythonic (有关)布立吞语的 [Welsh Brython ‘Britons’ from Celtic]

BS abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Bachelor of Science [美]理学士 2  Bachelor of Surgery 外科学士 3  Blessed Sacrament 圣餐 4  British Standard(s) 英国标准

B.Sc. abbr.  Bachelor of Science [缩略]理学士

BSE abbr.  bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a usu. fatal disease of cattle involving the central nervous system and causing extreme agitation Also called 亦称作 mad cow disease [缩略] (通常为牛的致命性疾病)牛脑海绵体病

BSI abbr.  British Standards Institution [缩略]英国标准协会

B-side n.  the side of a gramophone record regarded as less important 唱片的 B 面(所灌录的节目不及 A 面流行)

BST abbr. [缩略]  1  British Summer Time 英国夏令时间 2 hist.  British Standard Time (one hour ahead of GMT, in continuous use 1968 － 71) [史义]英国标准时间(较格林尼治时间早 1 小时，于 1968 至 1971 年间使用) 3  bovine somatotrophin, a growth hormone produced naturally by cows and introduced into cattle feed to boost milk production 牛生长激素

BT abbr.  British Telecom [缩略]英国电信

Bt. abbr. [缩略]  Baronet 

Btu abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 BTU, B.th.U.)  British thermal unit(s) 

bu. abbr. [缩略]  bushel(s) 

bub /bʌb/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a boy or a man, often used as a form of address [北美口]小家伙；小兄弟；老弟(常用于称呼) [earlier bubby, perhaps a childish form of BROTHER or from German Bube ‘boy’]

bubal /ˈbju:b(ə)l/ n.  = HARTEBEEST  [Latin bubalus from Greek boubalos ‘oxlike antelope’]

bubble /ˈbʌb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thin sphere of liquid enclosing air etc. (包住空气等的)气泡b  an air-filled cavity in a liquid or a solidified liquid such as glass or amber 液体中的泡沫；固化液体(如玻璃、琥珀)中的气泡 2  the sound or appearance of bubbling; an agitated or bubbling motion 冒泡(声)；气泡(声)；汩汩声 3  a transparent domed cavity 透明圆罩 4  a visionary or unrealistic project or enterprise 虚妄不实的计划(或事业)；泡影；骗局  the South Sea Bubble  南海泡沫 ●v. intr.  1  rise in or send up bubbles 冒泡；起泡 2  make the sound of rising or bursting bubbles 发出噗噗(汩汩)声 □ bubble over  (often foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be exuberant with laughter, excitement, anger, etc. (因高兴、兴奋、生气等引起的)感情的过度表现 [Middle English: probably imitative]

bubble and squeak n. Brit.  cooked cabbage fried with cooked potatoes or meat [英]洋白菜煎土豆(或肉) [from the sounds of it cooking]

bubble bath n.  1  a preparation for adding to bathwater to make it foam (洗澡用)泡沫剂 2  a bath with this added 泡沫浴

bubble car n. Brit.  a small motor car with a transparent domed canopy [英]有透明圆罩的微型汽车

bubble chamber n. Physics  an apparatus designed to make the tracks of ionizing particles visible as a row of bubbles in a liquid 【物理学】气泡室

bubblegum /ˈbʌb(ə)lɡʌm/ n.  chewing gum that can be blown into bubbles 泡泡糖

bubble memory n. Computing  a type of memory which stores data as a pattern of magnetized regions in a thin layer of magnetic material 【计算】磁泡存储器

bubble pack n.  a small package enclosing goods in a transparent material on a backing (粘在背衬板上包装商品的)透明小封套

bubble wrap n.  plastic wrapping material in sheets containing numerous small air-filled bladders 泡沫塑料包装材料

bubbly /ˈbʌbli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (bubblier, bubbliest)  1  having or resembling bubbles 多泡沫的；泡沫状的 2  exuberant, vivacious 热情奔放的，轻快的，活泼的 ●n. colloq.  champagne [口]香槟酒

bubbly-jock /ˈbʌblidʒɒk/ n. Sc.  a turkeycock [苏格兰]雄火鸡 [bubbly imitative of the bird's call + Jock male forename]

bubo /ˈbju:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  a swollen inflamed lymph node in the armpit or groin (腋窝或腹股沟部位的)淋巴结炎 □ bubonic  /bju:ˈbɒnik/ adj.   [medieval Latin bubo -onis ‘swelling’ from Greek boubōn ‘groin’]

bubonic plague n.  a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes Cf. 参见 PLAGUE n. 1a 腺鼠疫；腹股沟淋巴结鼠疫

buccal /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to the cheek (有关)面颊的 2  of or in the mouth 口的，口腔的 [Latin bucca ‘cheek’]

buccaneer /bʌkəˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a pirate, originally off the Spanish-American coasts 海盗(源于出没美西海域的海盗) 2  an unscrupulous adventurer 无所顾忌的冒险家 ●v. intr.  be a buccaneer 当海盗；当冒险家 □ buccaneering  n. & adj.  □ buccaneerish  adj.   [originally applied to European hunters in the Caribbean: French boucanier via boucaner ‘cure meat on a barbecue’ from boucan from Tupi mukem]

buccinator /ˈbʌksineitə/ n.  a flat thin cheek muscle 颊肌 [Latin from buccinare ‘blow a trumpet’, from buccina ‘trumpet’]

Bucharest /ˈbju:kərest/ n.  布加勒斯特 [罗马尼亚首都]

buck1 /bʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the male of various animals, esp. the deer, hare, or rabbit (尤指鹿、野兔、家兔中的)公兽 2 archaic  a fashionable young man [古义]花花公子；纨绔子弟 3 (作 attrib.)  a slang  male [俚语]雄性的，公的  buck antelope  公羚羊b US Mil. slang  of the lowest rank [美]【军】[俚语]最低军衔的  buck private  三等兵 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse) jump upwards with back arched and feet drawn together (马)弓背跃起 2 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  throw (a rider or burden) in this way (马弓背跃起)将(骑手或驮载物)摔下b esp. N. Amer.  oppose, resist [尤北美]反对；抵抗  tried to buck the trend  试图逆潮流而动 3 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq. [口]  a  make or become more cheerful (使)高兴起来b Brit.  make or become more vigorous or lively; make an effort; hurry [英] (使)振奋；(使)打起精神；加油；赶快  needs to buck up his ideas  需要改进他的想法 4 tr. (as 作 bucked adj.) Brit. colloq.  encouraged, elated [英口]受鼓舞的，兴高采烈的 [Old English buc ‘male deer’, bucca ‘male goat’, from Old Norse]

buck2 /bʌk/ n. N. Amer. & Austral. slang  a dollar [北美澳] [俚语] (一)元 □ a fast buck   easy money 轻松赚的钱 [19th c.: origin unknown]

buck3 /bʌk/ n. slang  an article placed as a reminder before a player whose turn it is to deal at poker [俚语] (打扑克牌中的)庄家标志 □ pass the buck  colloq.  shift responsibility (to another) [口]推诿责任(给他人) [19th c.: origin unknown]

buck4 /bʌk/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a sawhorse [北美]锯木架 2  a vaulting horse 鞍马 [Dutch (zaag)boc, as SAW1, BUCK1]

buck5 /bʌk/ n.  the body of a cart (运货马车的)车身 [perhaps from obsolete bouk ‘belly, body’ from Old English būc, from Germanic]

buckbean /ˈbʌkbi:n/ n.  a bog plant, Menyanthes trifoliata, with white or pinkish hairy flowers Also called 亦称作 bogbean 睡菜 [Flemish bocks boonen ‘goat's beans’]

buckboard /ˈbʌkbɔ:d/ n. US  a horse-drawn vehicle with the body formed by a plank fixed to the axles [美]平板马车(其板固定在轮轴上) [BUCK5 + BOARD]

bucket /ˈbʌkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a roughly cylindrical open container (usu. of metal or plastic) with a handle, used for carrying, drawing, or holding water etc. (通常为金属或塑料的)水桶，吊桶，提桶(担桶等)b  the amount contained in this 一桶的量  need three buckets to fill the bath  装满浴盆需要 3 桶水 2 (in pl. 用复数)  large quantities of liquid, esp. rain or tears 大量液体(尤指雨水、泪水)  wept buckets  泪如雨下 3  a compartment on the outer edge of a waterwheel (水车的)戽斗 4  the scoop of a dredger or a grain-elevator (挖土机的)铲斗；(谷物升运器的)勺斗 ●v. (bucketed, bucketing)  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down) (of liquid, esp. rain) pour heavily (液体，尤指雨)倾盆而下 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along) Brit.  move or drive jerkily or bumpily [英]急速颠簸地行走(或行驶) □ bucketful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English & Anglo-French buket, buquet, perhaps from Old English būc ‘pitcher’]

bucket seat n.  a seat with a rounded back to fit one person, esp. in a car (汽车上的)凹背单人座椅

bucket shop n.  1  an unauthorized office for gambling in stocks, speculating on markets, etc. 未注册的证券交易所(投机商号等) 2 Brit. colloq.  a travel agency specializing in cheap air tickets [英口]出售廉价机票的旅行社

buckeye /ˈbʌkai/ n.  1  an American tree or shrub of the horse chestnut genus Aesculus, with large sticky buds and showy red or white flowers 牛眼树(七叶树属植物) 2  the shiny brown fruit of this plant 牛眼树坚果

buck fever n. US  nervousness when called on to act [美] (上台演出时的)紧张，兴奋

buck-horn n.  horn of buck as a material for knife handles etc. (用作刀柄等的)鹿角

buck-hound n.  a small kind of staghound 捕鹿小猎狗，鹿杰

buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat often rectangular frame with a hinged pin, used for joining the ends of a belt, strap, etc. (皮带、带子等上的)搭扣；扣环 2  a similarly shaped ornament, esp. on a shoe (尤指鞋上的)扣形饰品 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, on, etc.)  fasten with a buckle 用搭扣把…扣紧 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  give way or cause to give way under longitudinal pressure; crumple up (使)弯曲，(使)变形；使垮掉 □ buckle down   make a determined effort 倾全力于…□ buckle to (or down to)   prepare for, set about (work etc.) 准备…；着手(工作等)□ buckle to   get to work, make a vigorous start 开始工作；开始认真干起来 [Middle English via Old French boucle from Latin buccula ‘cheek-strap of a helmet’, from bucca ‘cheek’: sense 2 of v. from French boucler ‘bulge’]

buckler /ˈbʌklə/ n.  1 hist.  a small round shield held by a handle [史义] (有柄的)小圆盾 2 Bot.  any of several ferns of the genus Dryopteris, having buckler-shaped indusia also called 亦称作 SHIELD FERN 【植】三叉蕨 [Middle English via Old French bocler, literally ‘having a boss’, from boucle BOSS2]

Buckley's /ˈbʌkliz/ n. (in full 全称 Buckley's chance) Austral. & NZ colloq.  little or no chance [澳新口]微乎其微的希望 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

buckling /ˈbʌkliŋ/ n. Brit.  a smoked herring [英]熏鲱鱼 [German Bückling ‘bloater’]

buckminsterfullerene /ˌbʌkminstəˈfʊləri:n/ n. Chem.  a form of carbon with 60 atoms joined in a polyhedron of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons 【化】(勃克明斯特)富勒烯，富勒球 [R. Buckminster Fuller (d. 1983), US inventor of the geodesic dome]

bucko /ˈbʌkəʊ/ n. & adj. Naut. slang 【海】[俚语] ●n. (pl. -oes)  a swaggering or domineering person 盛气凌人的人；专横跋扈的人 ●adj.  blustering, swaggering, bullying 恐吓的，专横跋扈的；恃强凌弱的 [BUCK1 + -O]

buck-passing n.  the act of passing the buck or shifting responsibility to another person 推卸责任

buckram /ˈbʌkrəm/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a coarse linen or other cloth stiffened with gum or paste, and used as interfacing or in bookbinding (上过胶或浆、用于连接、书籍装订用的)硬麻布 2 archaic  stiffness in manner [古义] (举止)生硬 ●adj. archaic  starchy; formal [古义]拘谨的；刻板的 □ men in buckram   non-existent persons; figments (Shakespeare's 1 Henry IV II. iv. 210 － 50) 不存在的人物；杜撰的人物(见莎士比亚剧《亨利四世》 II. IV. 210 － 50) [Middle English from Anglo-French bukeram, Old French boquerant, perhaps from Bokhara (now Bukhara) in central Asia]

buck rarebit n. Brit.  Welsh rarebit with a poached egg on top [英] (威尔士)干酪烤面包带水泡蛋

Bucks. /bʌks/ abbr.  Buckinghamshire [缩略]白金汉郡

Buck's Fizz /bʌks/ n. Brit.  a cocktail of champagne or sparkling white wine and orange juice [英] (由香槟或起泡的白葡萄酒加橙汁调制而成的)鸡尾酒 [Buck's Club in London + FIZZ]

buckshee /bʌkˈʃi:, ˈbʌkʃi:/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  free of charge [英] [俚语]免费地 [corruption of BAKSHEESH]

buckshot /ˈbʌkʃɒt/ n.  coarse lead shot 大号铅弹

buckskin /ˈbʌkskin/ n.  1  a  the skin of a male deer 鹿皮b  leather made from such skin 鹿皮革 2  a thick smooth cotton or woollen cloth 鹿皮绒；鹿皮呢

buckthorn /ˈbʌkθɔ:n/ n.  any thorny shrub of the genus Rhamnus, esp. R. cathartica with berries formerly used as a cathartic 鼠李属植物(尤指泻鼠李)

buck-tooth n.  an upper tooth that projects 獠牙，龅牙 □ buck-toothed  adj.  

buckwheat /ˈbʌkwi:t/ n.  a cereal plant of the genus Fagopyrum, esp. F. esculentum with seeds used for fodder and for flour to make bread and pancakes 荞麦 [Middle Dutch boecweite ‘beech wheat’, its grains being shaped like beechmast]

bucolic /bju:ˈkɒlik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning shepherds or the pastoral life; rural (有关)牧民的；(有关)田园生活的；乡村的 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a pastoral poem or poetry 田园诗 2  a peasant 农民 □ bucolically  adv.   [Latin bucolicus from Greek boukolikos, from boukolos ‘herdsman’ from bous OX]

Bud /bʌd/   巴德 [人名]

bud1 /bʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an immature knoblike shoot from which a stem, leaf, or flower develops 芽；蓓蕾b  a flower or leaf that is not fully open 花苞；叶芽 2 Biol.  an asexual outgrowth from a parent organism that separates to form a new individual 【生】芽体 3  anything still undeveloped 未成熟的人(或物) ●v. (budded, budding)  1 intr. Bot. & Zool.  form a bud or buds 【植】【动】发芽 2 intr.  begin to grow or develop 开始生长(或发育)  a budding cricketer  初露头角的板球运动员 3 tr.  graft a bud (of a plant) on to another plant 为(一植物)进行芽接 □ in bud   having newly formed buds 在萌芽中；含苞待放 [Middle English: origin unknown]

bud2 /bʌd/ n. N. Amer. colloq. (as a form of address) = BUDDY [北美口]老伙计(用作称呼) [abbreviation]

Budapest /ˈbju:dəˈpest/ n.  布达佩斯 [匈牙利首都]

Buddha /ˈbʊdə/ n.  1  a title given to successive teachers of Buddhism, esp. to its founder, Gautama 佛；佛陀(尤指佛教创始人释迦牟尼) 2  a statue or picture of the Buddha 佛塑；佛像 [Sanskrit, = enlightened, past part. of budh ‘know’]

Buddhism /ˈbʊdiz(ə)m/ n.  a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, founded by Gautama Buddha in India in the 5th c. BC, which teaches that elimination of the self and earthly desires is the highest goal (cf. 参见 NIRVANA) 佛教；佛教教义(公元前 5 世纪由释迦牟尼于印度创立) □ Buddhist  n. & adj.  □ Buddhistic  /-ˈdistik/ adj.  □ Buddhistical  /-ˈdistik(ə)l/ adj.  

buddleia /ˈbʌdliə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Buddleia, with fragrant lilac, yellow, or white flowers attractive to butterflies 醉鱼草属植物 [A. Buddle, English botanist d. 1715]

buddy /ˈbʌdi/ n. & v. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often as a form of address) a close friend or mate (常作称呼)老兄，老弟，老伙计 2  a person who befriends and gives help to another with an incapacitating disease, esp. Aids 伙伴；搭档(尤指艾滋病患者之友) ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  become friendly 变得友好 [perhaps corruption of brother, or variant of BUTTY1]

buddy movie n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a film featuring friendship between two individuals, esp. men [尤北美口]哥们儿影片(突出男性朋友之间友谊的电影)

budge /bʌdʒ/ v. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  1 intr. Brit. [英]  a  make the slightest movement 微微移动b  change one's opinion 改变意见  he's stubborn, he won't budge  他很顽固，不会让步的 2 tr.  cause or compel to budge 使移动；使改变意见  nothing will budge him  什么也不能使他改变主意 □ budge up (or over)  Brit.  make room for another person by moving [英]让出(地方)；腾出(位子) [French bouger ‘stir’, ultimately from Latin bullire ‘boil’]

budgerigar /ˈbʌdʒ(ə)riɡɑ:/ n.  a small green parrot, Melopsittacus undulatus, native to Australia, and bred in coloured varieties which are often kept as cage birds 虎皮鹦鹉(原产澳大利亚) [Aboriginal, perhaps alteration of Kamilaroi (and related languages) gijirrigaa]

budget /ˈbʌdʒit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the amount of money needed or available (for a specific item etc.) 预算(供某种用途等的)专款  a budget of £ 200  200 英镑的预算 mustn't exceed the budget  不得超出预算 2  a (作 the Budget)  a usu. annual estimate of national revenue and expenditure (通常政府的年度收支)预算b  a similar estimate of revenue or income and expenditure made by a company, family, private individual, etc. (公司、家庭、个人的)收支预算 3 (作 attrib.)  inexpensive 低廉的 4 archaic  a quantity of material etc., esp. written or printed [古义]一批；一堆(尤指信件、印刷品等) ●v. tr. & intr. (budgeted, budgeting) (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  allow or arrange for in a budget 把…编入预算；按预算进行安排  have budgeted for a new car  已将买新车列入预算 can budget £ 60  可预留出 60 英镑 □ on a budget   with a restricted amount of money (钱)不宽裕□ budgetary  adj.   [Middle English = pouch, via Old French bougette, diminutive of bouge ‘leather bag’, from Latin bulga (from Gaulish) ‘knapsack’: cf. BULGE]

budget account n. (also 亦作 budget plan)  a bank account, or account with a store or public utility, into which one makes regular, usu. monthly, payments to cover bills 预算账户(通常每月支付一回固定的金额)

budgie /ˈbʌdʒi/ n. colloq. [口]  = BUDGERIGAR  [abbreviation]

Buenos Aires /ˈbweinɒsˈairiz/ n.  布宜诺斯艾利斯 [阿根廷首都]

buff /bʌf/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  yellowish beige 浅黄色的  buff envelope  牛皮纸信封 ●n.  1  a yellowish-beige colour 浅黄色 2 colloq.  an enthusiast, esp. for a particular hobby [口] (尤指成癖的)…迷；爱好者  railway buff  喜欢乘坐火车的人 3  a  a velvety dull yellow ox-leather (柔软的)暗黄色牛皮b (作 attrib.) (of a garment etc.) made of this (衣服等)暗黄色皮革制的  buff gloves  黄色软皮手套 4 (作 the Buffs)  the former East Kent Regiment (from the colour of its uniform facings) 原东肯特军团(源自其制服上的镶边) ●v. tr.  1  polish (metal, fingernails, etc.) 刨光；擦亮(金属、指甲等) 2  make (leather) velvety like buff, by removing the surface 把(皮革)表面擦毛；使柔软 □ in the buff  colloq.  naked [口]裸体的；一丝不挂的 [original sense ‘buffalo’, probably from French buffle; sense 2 of noun originally from buff uniforms formerly worn by New York volunteer firemen, applied to enthusiastic fire-watchers]

buffalo /ˈbʌfələʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -oes)  1  a  an Asiatic ox of the genus Bubalus, with heavy backswept horns, esp. (in full 全称 water buffalo) B. arnee, which is domesticated as a draught animal (亚洲水牛属)水牛b (in full 全称 Cape buffalo)  a powerful wild ox, Syncerus caffer, of eastern and southern Africa (东、南非)水牛 2  a N. American bison, Bison bison (北美)野牛 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed) N. Amer. slang  overawe, outwit [北美] [俚语]威吓；迷惑；欺骗 [probably from Portuguese bufalo via Late Latin bufalus and Latin bubalus from Greek boubalos ‘antelope, wild ox’]

buffalo grass n.  1  a grass, Buchloe dactyloides, of the N. American plains (北美平原上生长的)野牛草 2  a grass, Stenotaphrum secundatum, of Australia and New Zealand (澳大利亚和新西兰生长的)侧穗草

buffer1 /ˈbʌfə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a device that protects against or reduces the effect of an impact 缓冲器；减震器b Brit.  such a device (usu. one of a pair) projecting from a cross-beam on the front and rear of a railway vehicle or at the end of a track [英]防撞栅(由铁道车辆前后或在铁轨末端的一对减震弹簧组成) 2 Chem.  a substance that acts to minimize the change in hydrogen ion concentration of a solution when an acid or alkali is added 【化】缓冲(溶)液 3 Computing  a temporary memory area or queue for data to aid its transfer between devices or programs operating at different speeds etc. 【计算】缓冲储存器 ●v. tr.  1  act as a buffer to 缓冲；减轻 2 Chem.  treat with a buffer 【化】用缓冲溶液处理 [probably from obsolete buff (v.), imitative of the sound of a blow to a soft body]

buffer2 /ˈbʌfə/ n. Brit. slang  a silly or incompetent old man (esp. 尤指 old buffer 老糊涂) [英] [俚语]老糊涂；老朽 [18th c.: probably formed as BUFFER1 or with the sense ‘stutterer’]

buffer state n.  a small state situated between two larger ones potentially hostile to one another and regarded as reducing the likelihood of open hostilities 缓冲国(两个敌对大国之间起缓冲作用的小国)

buffer stock n.  a reserve of commodity to offset price fluctuations (防止商品价格波动的)缓冲存货；缓冲储备

buffer zone n.  a zone separating potential belligerents 缓冲地带

buffet1 /ˈbʊfei/ n.  1  a room or counter where light meals or snacks may be bought (供应快餐的)餐饮室；餐饮柜台  station buffet  火车站的餐饮室 2  a meal consisting of several dishes set out from which guests serve themselves 自助餐  buffet lunch  自助午餐 3 /also 亦作 ˈbʌfit/  a sideboard or recessed cupboard for china etc. (放瓷器等的)碗柜；餐具架(或柜) [French from Old French buf(f)et ‘stool’, of unknown origin]

buffet2 /ˈbʌfit/ v. & n. ●v. (buffeted, buffeting)  1 tr.  a  strike or knock repeatedly 连续敲击(或打击)  wind buffeted the trees  风不停地吹打着树木b  strike, esp. repeatedly, with the hand or fist (用手或拳)反复猛击 2 tr. (of fate etc.) treat badly; plague (命运等)受折磨；遭伤害  cheerful though buffeted by misfortune  虽遭不幸却仍保持乐观 3  a intr.  struggle; fight one's way (through difficulties etc.) 搏斗；迎着(困难等)奋勇前进b tr.  contend with (waves etc.) 与(风浪等)搏斗 ●n.  1  a blow, esp. of the hand or fist (尤指用手或拳的)一击 2  a shock 打击 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of bufe ‘blow’]

buffet3 /ˈbʌfit/ n. dial. [方]  1  a low stool; a footstool 小板凳；脚凳 2  a hassock 跪垫 [Old French buf(f)et, of unknown origin]

buffet car n.  a railway coach serving light meals or snacks (火车上的)餐车

buffeting /ˈbʌfitiŋ/ n.  1  a beating; repeated blows 打击；反复敲击 2 Aeron.  an irregular oscillation, caused by air eddies, of part of an aircraft 【空】(由空气涡流引起，使部分飞机发生的)抖振

bufflehead /ˈbʌf(ə)lhed/ n.  a large-headed black and white diving duck, Bucephala albeola, native to N. America (产于北美的)巨头鹊鸭 [obsolete buffle ‘buffalo’ + HEAD]

buffo /ˈbʊfəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  a comic actor, esp. in Italian opera (尤指意大利歌剧中的)滑稽男演员；丑角 ●adj.  comic, burlesque 滑稽的；诙谐的 [Italian, = puff of wind, buffoon]

buffoon /bəˈfu:n/ n.  1  a ludicrous person 滑稽的人 2  a jester; a mocker 小丑；嘲弄者 □ buffoonery  n.  □ buffoonish  adj.   [French bouffon via Italian buffone and medieval Latin buffo ‘clown’ from Romanic]

bug /bʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an insect of the order Hemiptera, with mouthparts modified for piercing and sucking 臭虫(属异翅目)b  any small insect 小虫 2 slang  a micro-organism, esp. a bacterium, or a disease caused by it [俚语]病菌(尤指细菌；) 病菌引起的疾病 3  a concealed microphone 窃听器 4  an error in a computer program or system etc. (计算机程序或系统中的)故障 5 colloq.  an obsession, enthusiasm, etc. [口]癖好；热情(兴趣等) ●v. (bugged, bugging)  1 tr.  conceal a microphone in (esp. a building or room) 将窃听器装在(尤指楼内或房间里) 2 tr. slang  annoy, bother [俚语]使恼怒；使烦恼 3 intr. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  leave quickly 匆匆离开b (foll. by 后跟 off)  go away 走开；滚开 [17th c.: origin unknown]

bugaboo /ˈbʌɡəbu:/ n.  a bogey (see 见 BOGEY2) or bugbear 恶魔；妖怪 [probably of dialect origin: cf. Welsh bwcibo ‘the Devil’, bwci ‘hobgoblin’]

bugbear /ˈbʌɡbɛə/ n.  1  a cause of annoyance or anger; a bête noire 令人焦虑不安的事；令人头疼的事；祸根 2  an object of baseless fear 使人无端恐惧的东西 3 archaic  a sort of hobgoblin or any other being invoked to intimidate children [古义] (吓唬孩子的)鬼怪；臆造的怪物 [obsolete bug ‘bogey’ + BEAR2]

bug-eyed adj.  with bulging eyes 凸眼的，眼睛暴突的

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ n., v. & int. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] (except in sense 2 of n. and 3 of v. 名词释义 2 、动词释义 3 除外) ●n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  an unpleasant or awkward person or thing 讨厌的人；烦人的事  the bugger won't fit  讨厌鬼不合适b  a person of a specified kind 某一种人  he's a miserable bugger  他是一个不幸的家伙 you clever bugger!  你这个机灵鬼！ 2  a person who commits buggery 鸡奸者 ●v. tr.  1  as an exclamation of annoyance 真该死！(用于恼怒的感叹)  bugger the thing  该死！ 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  ruin; spoil 毁坏；糟蹋  really buggered it up  将此搞得一团糟 no good, it's buggered  不好，乱糟糟的b (esp. as 尤作 buggered adj.) Brit.  exhaust, tire out [英]极度疲乏的；筋疲力尽的 3  commit buggery with 与…鸡奸 ●int.  expressing annoyance 该死！ (表示恼怒) □ bugger about (or around)  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Brit. [英]  1  mess about 干无聊的事 2  mislead; persecute 使…误入歧途；为难…□ bugger all  Brit.  nothing [英]什么也没有□ bugger off  (often in imper. 常用于祈使句) Brit.  go away [英]走开！滚开！ [Middle English via Middle Dutch from Old French bougre, originally ‘heretic’, from medieval Latin Bulgarus ‘Bulgarian (member of the Greek Church) ’]

buggery /ˈbʌɡəri/ n.  1  anal intercourse 鸡奸 2  = BESTIALITY 2  [Middle English via Middle Dutch buggerie from Old French bougerie: see BUGGER]

buggy1 /ˈbʌɡi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a light, horse-drawn, esp. two-wheeled, vehicle for one or two people (尤指双轮)轻便马车 2  a small, sturdy, esp. open, motor vehicle 小型(尤指敞篷)汽车  beach buggy  沙滩车 dune buggy  沙丘汽车 3  = BABY BUGGY 1, 2  [18th c.: origin unknown]

buggy2 /ˈbʌɡi/ adj. (buggier, buggiest)  infested with bugs 多臭虫的

bugle1 /ˈbju:ɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 bugle-horn)  a brass instrument like a small trumpet, used esp. for military signals and in fox-hunting 号，喇叭(尤指军号、猎号) ●v.  1 intr.  sound a bugle 吹号，鸣号 2 tr.  sound (a note, a call, etc.) on a bugle 用号吹出(音符、命令等) □ bugler  /ˈbju:ɡlə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin buculus diminutive of bos ‘ox’ (from the use of an ox's horn as a bugle)]

bugle2 /ˈbju:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  a creeping labiate plant, Ajuga reptans, with blue flowers (匍匐)筋骨草 [Middle English, from Late Latin bugula]

bugle3 /ˈbju:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  a tube-shaped bead sewn on a dress etc. for ornament (女装等的装饰)柱状珠子 [16th c.: origin unknown]

bugloss /ˈbju:ɡlɒs/ n.  1  any of various bristly plants related to borage, esp. of the genus Anchusa with bright blue tubular flowers (紫草科)牛舌草属植物 2  = VIPER'S BUGLOSS  [French buglosse or Latin buglossus, from Greek bouglōssos ‘ox-tongued’]

buhl /bu:l/ n. (also 亦作 boule, boulle)  1  pieces of brass, tortoiseshell, etc., cut to make a pattern and used as decorative inlays esp. on furniture (尤指镶嵌在家具上起装饰作用的)黄铜片(或龟壳等) 2  work inlaid with buhl 用黄铜(龟壳)镶嵌的饰品 3 (作 attrib.)  inlaid with buhl (用黄铜、龟壳)镶嵌的 [(buhl Germanized) from A. C. Boulle, French woodcarver d. 1732]

build /bild/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. built /bilt/)  1  a  construct (a house, vehicle, fire, road, model, etc.) by putting parts or material together 建造(车辆、模型等；) 修筑(道路；) 修建(房屋)；生(火)b  commission, finance, and oversee the building of 委托(资助、监督)建设…  the council has built two new schools  委员会已资助建造了两所新学校 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  establish, develop, make, or accumulate gradually 建立；开发；制作；逐渐积累  built the business up from nothing  生意白手起家b (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  base (hopes, theories, etc.) 把(希望)寄托在…；以…为(理论等)基础  ideas built on a false foundation  没有事实为基础的思想 3 (as 作 built adj.)  having a specified build 有…体形的；有…构造的  sturdily built  体格健壮的 brick-built  用砖造的 ●n.  1  the proportions of esp. the human body (尤指人)体形，体格  a slim build  身材苗条 2  a style of construction; a make 造型；构造  build of his suit was pre-war  他的西服还是战前的式样 □ build in   incorporate as part of a structure 嵌入，并入；使成为一体□ build in (or round or up)   surround with houses etc.; block up 围以(房屋等)；堵塞□ build on   add (an extension etc.) 添造(房屋扩建部分等)□ build up   1  increase in size or strength 增长，增强，增加 2  praise; boost 赞美；吹捧 3  gradually become established 逐渐被确立(或认可)□ built on sand   unstable 建在沙地上的，不牢靠的 [Old English byldan from bold ‘dwelling’, from Germanic]

builder /ˈbildə/ n.  1  a contractor for building houses etc.; a master builder (建筑等)承包商；营造商 2  a person engaged as a bricklayer etc. on a building site (砌砖等的)建筑工人

builders' merchant n. Brit.  a supplier of materials to builders [英]建筑材料供应商

building /ˈbildiŋ/ n.  1  a permanent fixed structure forming an enclosure and providing protection from the elements etc. (e.g. a house, school, factory, or stable) (能抵御自然环境等的)建筑物(如房屋、学校、工厂或马厩) 2  the constructing of such structures 建筑，建造

building line n.  a limit or boundary between a house and a street beyond which the owner may not build 房基线，建筑线

building site n.  an area before or during the construction of a house etc. (建造房屋等的)建筑工地

building society n. Brit.  a financial organization which accepts investments at interest and lends capital for mortgages on houses etc. [英]建屋互助会(接受投资并贷款用于房屋等抵押的金融机构)

build-up n.  1  a favourable description in advance; publicity 制造声势(或舆论)；宣传 2  a gradual approach to a climax or maximum 逐渐达到高潮(或顶点)  the build-up was slow but sure  准备工作慢而有序 3  an accumulation or increase 积聚，集结，增加

built past and past part.  of BUILD 

built-in adj.  1  forming an integral part of a structure 成为某物组成部分的，作为固定装置而建造的 2  inherent, integral, innate 固有的，不可分开的，内在的  built-in obsolescence  内在的陈旧性 built-in integrity  内在的完整

built-up adj.  1 (of a locality) densely covered by houses etc. (某地区) (房屋等)密集的 2  increased in height etc. by the addition of parts (高度等)层层叠高的 3  composed of separately prepared parts 组合的，拼装的

bulb /bʌlb/ n.  1  a  a fleshy-leaved storage organ of some plants (e.g. lily, onion) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards 球茎，鳞茎(如百合、洋葱)b  a plant grown from this, e.g. a daffodil 球茎植物(如黄水仙) 2  = LIGHT BULB  3  any object or part shaped like a bulb 球状物 [Latin bulbus from Greek bolbos ‘onion’]

bulbil /ˈbʌlbil/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  a small bulb which grows among the leaves or flowers of a plant 球芽 2  a small bulb at the side of an ordinary bulb 小球茎 [modern Latin bulbillus, diminutive of bulbus ‘bulb’]

bulbous /ˈbʌlbəs/ adj.  1  shaped like a bulb; fat or bulging 球茎状的；圆胖的，膨胀的 2  having a bulb or bulbs 有球茎的 3 (of a plant) growing from a bulb (植物)由球茎长出的

bulbul /ˈbʊlbʊl/ n.  1  an Asian or African songbird of the family Pycnonotidae, of dull plumage with contrasting bright patches (鹎科)鹎；歌鸲 2  a singer or poet 歌手；诗人 [Persian from Arabic, of imitative origin]

Bulgar /ˈbʌlɡɑ:/ n.  1  a member of a tribe who settled in what is now Bulgaria in the 7th c. 公元 7 世纪生活在今保加利亚的部落成员 2  a Bulgarian 保加利亚人，保加利亚国民 [medieval Latin Bulgarus from Old Bulgarian Bluˇgarinuˇ]

bulgar /ˈbʌlɡə/ n. (also 亦作 bulgur)  a cereal food of whole wheat partially boiled then dried, eaten esp. in Turkey (尤指在土耳其食用的)煮得半熟的干小麦 [Turkish]

Bulgaria   保加利亚

Bulgarian /bʌlˈɡɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Bulgaria 保加利亚人，保加利亚国民b  a person of Bulgarian descent 保加利亚人后裔；有保加利亚血统的人 2  the language of Bulgaria 保加利亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Bulgaria or its people or language (有关)保加利亚的；(有关)保加利亚人的；(有关)保加利亚语的 [medieval Latin Bulgaria from Bulgarus: see BULGAR]

bulge /bʌldʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a convex part of an otherwise flat or flatter surface 凸出部分b  an irregular swelling; a lump 膨胀；肿块 2 colloq.  a temporary increase in quantity or number [口]短时增多(或增大)  baby bulge  生育高峰 3 Naut.  the bilge of a ship 【海】船腹 4 Mil.  a salient 【军】突出部 ●v.  1 intr.  swell outwards 肿大；凸起 2 intr.  be full or replete 塞满，装满 3 tr.  swell (a bag, cheeks, etc.) by stuffing 把(包)塞满；使(两颊等)鼓起 □ have (or get) the bulge on  Brit. slang  have or get an advantage over [英] [俚语]胜过，优于□ bulgingly  adv.  □ bulgy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French boulge, bouge from Latin bulga: see BUDGET]

bulgur var.  of BULGAR  BULGAR 的变体

bulimarexia /bjʊˌliməˈreksiə, bʊ-/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = BULIMIA 2  □ bulimarexic  adj. & n.   [BULIMIA + ANOREXIA]

bulimia /bjʊˈlimiə, bʊ-/ n. Med. 【医】  1  insatiable overeating 食欲过盛 2 (in full 全称 bulimia nervosa)  an emotional disorder in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting 贪食－厌食症，神经性厌食 □ bulimic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek boulimia from bous ‘ox’ + limos ‘hunger’]

bulk /bʌlk/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the and foll. by 后跟 of; the verb agrees with the complement 动词与补语一致)  the greater part or number 大部分；大多数  the bulk of the applicants are women  申请者中大多数是妇女 the bulk of the book is boring  这本书里一大半都很枯燥 2  a  size, magnitude, or volume (esp. large) (尤指巨大的)体积；数量；容量  its bulk is enormous  其体积巨大b  a large mass or shape 巨大的物体；庞然大物c  great quantity or volume 大量；容量巨大 often 常作 attrib.: a bulk supplier  大批发商 3  a bodily frame of large proportions (肥硕的)身躯，大块头  jacket barely covered his bulk  夹克衫勉强罩住他那肥胖的身躯 4  roughage in food 食物中的粗纤维物质 5 Naut.  a ship's cargo, esp. unpackaged 【海】(尤指散装的)一船货物 ●v.  1 intr.  seem in respect of size or importance 显得巨大(重要)  bulks large in his reckoning  在他的计算中显得尤为重要 2 tr.  make (a book, a textile yarn, etc.) seem thicker by suitable treatment 使(书、纺线等)显厚；加厚  bulked it with irrelevant stories  用一些无关的故事拉长了书的篇幅 3 tr.  combine (consignments etc.) 合并交运(发送物等) □ break bulk   begin unloading cargo 开始缷货□ in bulk   1  in large quantities, usu. at a lower price (通常以低价位)大批量 2 (of a cargo) loose, not packaged (货物)散装 [sense ‘cargo’ from Old Norse búlki; sense ‘mass’ etc. perhaps alteration of obsolete bouk (see BUCK5)]

bulk buying n.  1  buying in large amounts at a discount (削价)大批量购进 2  the purchase by one buyer of all or most of a producer's output 包销(由一个买主购进某一厂家全部或大部分产品) □ bulk-buy  v. tr.  

bulkhead /ˈbʌlkhed/ n.  an upright partition separating the compartments in a ship, aircraft, vehicle, etc. (船舱、机舱、汽车等内的)隔板；舱壁 [bulk ‘stall’ from Old Norse bɑˊlkr + HEAD]

bulky /ˈbʌlki/ adj. (bulkier, bulkiest)  1  taking up much space, large 庞大的，巨大的 2  awkwardly large, unwieldy 大而笨的；不灵巧的 □ bulkily  adv.  □ bulkiness  n.  

bull1 /bʊl/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  an uncastrated male bovine animal (未阉割的)公牛b  a male of the whale, elephant, and other large animals (鲸、象及其他大型动物的)雄兽 2 (the Bull)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Taurus 金牛座 3 Brit.  the bull's-eye of a target [英]靶心 4 Stock Exch.  a person who buys shares hoping to sell them at a higher price later (cf. 参见 BEAR2) 【股】低价位买进(以期)高价卖出的人，做多头的人 ●attrib. adj.  like that of a bull 似公牛的  bull neck  粗壮的脖子 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  act or treat violently 动作莽撞；粗暴对待 2 Stock Exch. 【股】  a intr.  speculate for a rise 投机取巧哄抬证券价格b tr.  raise price of (stocks, etc.) 抬高(股票等)价格 □ bull at a gate   a hasty or rash person 草率粗鲁的人□ bull in a china shop   a reckless or clumsy person 鲁莽的人；笨手笨脚的人□ take the bull by the horns   face danger or challenge boldly 勇敢地面对困难(或挑战) [Old English (in place names) from Old Norse boli: cf. BULLOCK]

bull2 /bʊl/ n.  a papal edict 教皇诏书 [Middle English via Old French bulle from Latin bulla ‘rounded object’, in medieval Latin ‘seal’]

bull3 /bʊl/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Irish bull)  an expression containing a contradiction in terms or implying ludicrous inconsistency 自相矛盾(或荒唐可笑)的说法 2 slang [俚语] (cf. 参见 BULLSHIT)  a  nonsense 胡说八道b  trivial or insincere talk or writing 闲扯；无价值的大话(或文章)c  unnecessary routine tasks or discipline 没必要做的日常工作；不必遵守的纪律d US  a bad blunder [美]严重的错误 [17th c.: origin unknown]

bullace /ˈbʊlis/ n.  a thorny shrub, Prunus insititia, of the rose family, bearing globular yellow or purple-black fruits, of which the damson is the cultivated form 布拉斯李；紫野生李 [Middle English from Old French buloce, beloce]

bull ant n. Austral. [澳]  = BULLDOG ANT 

bulldog /ˈbʊldɒɡ/ n.  1  a  a dog of a sturdy powerful breed with a large head and smooth hair 斗牛狗，大头狗b  this breed 斗牛狗种 2  a tenacious and courageous person 硬汉子；强悍的人

bulldog ant n. Austral.  a large ant with a powerful sting [澳]犬蚁

bulldog clip n. propr.  a strong sprung clip for papers [商标] (夹纸用的)大钢夹

bulldoze /ˈbʊldəʊz/ v. tr.  1  clear with a bulldozer (用推土机)清除，推掉 2 colloq. [口]  a  intimidate 恐吓，威胁b  make (one's way) forcibly 强行通过(某人的路) [bulldose (or -doze) US = intimidate, from BULL1: second element uncertain]

bulldozer /ˈbʊldəʊzə/ n.  1  a powerful tractor with a broad curved upright blade at the front for clearing ground 推土机 2  a forceful and domineering person 强硬又专横的人

bullet /ˈbʊlit/ n.  1  a projectile of lead etc. (orig. round but now usu. cylindrical and pointed) for firing from a rifle, revolver, etc. (铅等)子弹；弹头；枪弹丸(原为圆形，现通常为圆柱形且有圆头) 2 Printing  a small usu. solid circle used to introduce and emphasize a line, an item in a list, etc. 【印刷】(通常实心)小圆圈 [French boulet, boulette, diminutive of boule ‘ball’, from Latin bulla ‘bubble’]

bullet-headed adj.  having a round head (子)弹头似的；圆头的

bulletin /ˈbʊlitin/ n.  1  a short official statement of news 布告；公告；公报 2  a regular list of information etc. issued by an organization or society (由机构或协会创办发布信息等的)通讯；会刊 [French from Italian bullettino, diminutive of bulletta ‘passport’, diminutive of bulla ‘seal, BULL2’]

bulletin board n.  1 N. Amer.  a noticeboard [北美]布告栏；布告牌 2  an information storage system for any authorized computer user to access and add to from a remote terminal 公告板，告示板(使注册入网的计算机用户可从远距离终端获取信息的信息存储系统)

bulletproof /ˈbʊlitpru:f/ adj. (of a material) designed to resist the penetration of bullets (材料)防弹的

bullet train n.  a high-speed passenger train, esp. in Japan (尤指日本的)高速火车

bull-fiddle n. US colloq.  a double bass [美口]倍低音

bullfight /ˈbʊlfait/ n.  a public spectacle, esp. in Spain, at which a bull is baited and, finally, usu. killed (尤指西班牙)斗牛(通常被杀死) □ bullfighter  n.  □ bullfighting  n.  

bullfinch /ˈbʊlfin(t)ʃ/ n.  a stocky Eurasian finch of the genus Pyrrhula with a short stout bill, esp. P. pyrrhula, which is mainly grey with a pink breast 普通红腹灰雀

bullfrog /ˈbʊlfrɒɡ/ n.  a large frog, Rana catesbiana, native to N. America, with a deep croak 牛蛙(原产北美洲)

bullhead /ˈbʊlhed/ n.  any of various freshwater fishes with large flattened heads 大头鱼，鮰

bull-headed adj.  obstinate; impetuous; blundering 固执的；鲁莽的；笨拙的 □ bull-headedly  adv.  □ bull-headedness  n.  

bullhorn /ˈbʌlhɔ:n/ n.  a megaphone 扩音器

bullion /ˈbʊlj(ə)n/ n.  a metal (esp. gold or silver) in bulk before coining, or valued by weight 金属(尤指金、银)锭 [Anglo-French = mint, variant of Old French bouillon, ultimately from Latin bullire ‘boil’]

bullish /ˈbʊliʃ/ adj.  1  like a bull, esp. in nature; impetuous, aggressive (尤指性格)牛脾气的；鲁莽的；好斗的 2  a Stock Exch.  causing or associated with a rise in prices 【股】牛市的；看(或上)涨的b  aggressively optimistic 过于乐观的 □ bullishly  adv.  □ bullishness  n.  

bull market n.  a market with shares rising in price 牛市；股票行情上涨

bull-nose attrib. adj. (also 亦作 bull-nosed)  with rounded end 鼻尖呈圆形的，圆鼻子的

bullock /ˈbʊlək/ n. & v. ●n.  a castrated male of domestic cattle, raised for beef 阉牛；肉牛 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at) Austral. colloq.  work very hard [澳口]干重活，拼命干 [Old English bulluc, diminutive of BULL1]

bullocky /ˈbʊləki/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a bullock driver [澳新口]赶牛人

bullring /ˈbʊlriŋ/ n.  an arena for bullfights 斗牛场

bull session n. N. Amer.  an informal group discussion [北美]自由讨论；漫谈 [BULL3]

bull's-eye n.  1  a  the centre of a target 靶心b  a shot that hits this 命中靶心的一枪 2  a large hard peppermint-flavoured sweet 大块硬薄荷糖 3  a hemisphere or thick disc of glass in a ship's deck or side to admit light (轮船甲板或侧面的)圆玻璃窗 4  a small circular window 小圆窗；小天窗 5  a  a hemispherical lens 厚圆透镜b  a lantern fitted with this 牛眼灯 6  a boss of glass at the centre of a blown glass sheet 玻璃浮雕

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃit/ n. & v. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●n.  1 (often as 常作 int.)  nonsense, rubbish 胡说，瞎扯 2  trivial or insincere talk or writing 废话，大话 ●v. intr. & tr. (-shitted, -shitting)  talk nonsense or as if one has specialist knowledge (to) 瞎扯；(对…)胡说 □ bullshitter  n.   [BULL3 + SHIT]

bull terrier n.  1  a short-haired dog of a breed that is a cross between a bulldog and a terrier 斗牛猎狗，叭喇猎狗 2  this breed 斗牛猎狗种；叭喇猎狗种

bulltrout /ˈbʊltraʊt/ n. Brit.  a sea trout [英]欧鳟；鲑

bully1 /ˈbʊli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person who uses strength or power to coerce others by fear 恃强凌弱者 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  persecute or oppress by force or threats 欺侮；胁迫；威吓 2 (foll. by 后跟 into + verbal noun)  pressure or coerce (a person) to do something 胁迫；恐吓(某人)做某事  bullied him into agreeing  强迫他同意 [originally as a term of endearment, probably from Middle Dutch boele ‘lover’]

bully2 /ˈbʊli/ adj. & int. colloq. [口] ●adj. esp. N. Amer.  very good; first-rate [尤北美]极好的；一流的 ●int. (foll. by 后跟 for)  expressing admiration or approval 好，行(表示羡慕或赞同) often iron. [常讽]: bully for them  他们可真行啊！ [perhaps from BULLY1]

bully3 /ˈbʊli/ n. & v. (in full 全称 bully off) ●n. (pl. -ies)  the start of play in hockey in which two opponents strike each other's sticks three times and then go for the ball (曲棍球)开球(双方各一队员互击对方球棍 3 次，然后争球) ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  start play in this way (按此方法)争球 [19th c.: perhaps from bully, a scrum in Eton football, of unknown origin]

bully4 /ˈbʊli/ n. (in full 全称 bully beef)  corned beef 罐头牛肉；腌牛肉 [French bouilli ‘boiled beef’ from bouillir BOIL1]

bully boy n.  a hired ruffian 打手，暴徒

bullyrag var.  of BALLYRAG  BALLYRAG 的变体

bully tree /ˈbʊli/ n.  = BALATA  [corruption]

bulrush /ˈbʊlrʌʃ/ n.  1  = REED MACE  2  a rushlike water plant, Scirpus lacustris, used for weaving 藨草(用于编织) 3 Bibl.  a papyrus plant 【圣经】纸莎草 [perhaps from BULL1 = large, coarse, as in bullfrog, bulltrout, etc.]

bulwark /ˈbʊlwək/ n.  1  a defensive wall, esp. of earth; a rampart; a mole or breakwater (尤指泥土垒砌的)防御工事；防御土墙；防波堤(或堤岸) 2  a person, principle, etc., that acts as a defence 保护者(防御原则等) 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a ship's side above deck 舷墙(甲板以上的船侧) [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch bolwerk: see BOLE1, WORK]

bum1 /bʌm/ n. Brit. slang  the buttocks [英] [俚语]屁股 [Middle English bom, of unknown origin]

bum2 /bʌm/ n., v. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n.  1 N. Amer.  a vagrant [北美]无业游民 2  a habitual loafer; a lazy dissolute person 游手好闲的人；放荡不羁的懒汉  beach bum  海滩上的闲荡者 ●v. (bummed, bumming)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  loaf or wander around; be a bum (无所事事地)闲逛；游荡，作流浪汉 2 tr.  get by begging; cadge 乞讨；乞求 ●attrib. adj.  of poor quality 劣质的 □ on the bum   vagrant, begging 过着流浪生活；乞讨 [probably an abbreviation or back-formation from BUMMER]

bumbag /ˈbʌmbæɡ/ n. Brit. colloq.  a small pouch for money and other valuables, on a belt worn round the waist or hips [英口] (系在腰间的)钱包，腰带包

bum-bailiff n. hist.  a bailiff empowered to collect debts or arrest debtors for non-payment [史义] (要账或拘捕欠账者的)法警 [BUM1, so called as approaching from behind]

bumble /ˈbʌmb(ə)l/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on)  speak in a rambling incoherent way 语无伦次地说 2 (often as 常作 bumbling adj.)  move or act ineptly; blunder 笨手笨脚的；错误的 3  make a buzz or hum 发嗡嗡声(或营营声) □ bumbler  n.   [BOOM1 + -LE4: partly from bumble = blunderer]

bumble-bee /ˈbʌmb(ə)lbi:/ n.  a large social bee of the genus Bombus, with a loud hum Also called 亦称作 humble-bee (熊蜂属)熊蜂 [as BUMBLE]

bumboat /ˈbʌmbəʊt/ n.  a small boat plying with provisions etc. for ships (携带供应品等的)小贩船；小卖艇 [BUM1 (originally a scavenger's boat removing refuse etc. from ships)]

bumboy /ˈbʌmbɔi/ n. slang  a young male homosexual, esp. a prostitute [俚语] (尤指卖身的)年轻的男同性恋者

bumf /bʌmf/ n. (also 亦作 bumph) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 usu. derog.  papers, documents [通常贬]文件，公文 2  lavatory paper 手纸，便纸 [abbreviation of bum-fodder]

bum fluff n. slang  an adolescent's first beard growth [俚语]青少年的第一茬胡须

bumiputra /bu:miˈpu:trə/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -s)  a Malaysian of indigenous Malay origin 马来西亚土著人，马来人 ●adj.  of or relating to the bumiputra (有关)马来人的 [Malay from Sanskrit, = son of the soil]

bummalo /ˈbʌmələʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a small fish, Harpodon nehereus, of S. Asian coasts, dried and used as food (see 见 BOMBAY DUCK) 龙头鱼(南亚海岸的一种小鱼，晒干食用) [perhaps from Marathi bombīl(a)]

bummer /ˈbʌmə/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  1  an idler; a loafer 无所事事的人；游手好闲的人 2  an unpleasant occurrence 不愉快的事件 [19th c.: perhaps from German Bummler]

bump /bʌmp/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a dull-sounding blow or collision (发出沉闷响声的)撞击，碰撞 2  a swelling or dent caused by this (由碰撞造成的)凸痕；凹痕 3  an uneven patch on a road, field, etc. (道路、地面等上的)凸块 4 hist.  any prominence on the skull formerly thought to indicate a particular mental faculty [史义]头盖骨上的隆起部分(旧时认为是特殊才能的象征) 5 (in narrow-river races where boats make a spaced start one behind another) the point at which a boat begins to overtake (and usu. touches) the boat ahead, thereby defeating it (在窄河道赛艇比赛中的)赛艇的碰撞(通常以后船追撞前船船尾为赢) 6 Aeron. 【空】  a  an irregularity in an aircraft's motion (飞机因气流突然上升而产生的)空中颠簸b  a rising air current causing this (造成颠簸的)上升气流 7 (the bumps) Brit. (on a person's birthday) the act of lifting a person by the arms and legs and letting him or her down on to the ground, once for each year of age [英] (过生日时)将人举起又放下(一岁碰地一次) ●v.  1  a tr.  hit or come against with a bump 使猛击；使碰撞b intr. (of two objects) collide (两个物体)相撞 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, into)  hit with a bump; collide with 碰撞；相撞 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, on)  hurt or damage by striking 碰伤；撞坏  bumped my head on the ceiling  我的头撞在天花板上 bumped the car while parking  停车时把车给撞了 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along)  move or travel with much jolting 颠簸着行进  we bumped along the road  我们一路颠簸 5 tr. (in a boat race) gain a bump against (在划船比赛中)碰撞 6 tr. N. Amer.  displace, esp. by seniority [北美] (尤指被上司)挤掉…的座位；取代…的职位 ●adv.  with a bump; suddenly; violently 扑通一声；突然地；猛烈地 □ bump into  colloq.  meet by chance [口]偶然遇见；碰见□ bump off  slang  murder [俚语]谋杀□ bump up  colloq.  increase (prices etc.) [口]抬高(价格等) [16th c., imitative: perhaps from Scandinavian]

bumper /ˈbʌmpə/ n.  1  a horizontal bar or strip fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to reduce damage in a collision or as a trim (汽车的)保险杠 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  an unusually large or fine example 极大(极好)的  a bumper crop  庄稼丰收 3 Cricket 【板球】  = BOUNCER 2  4  a brim-full glass of wine etc. (葡萄酒等的)满满一杯

bumper car n.  = DODGEM 

bumph var.  of BUMF  BUMF 的变体

bumpkin /ˈbʌm(p)kin/ n.  a rustic or socially inept person 乡巴佬(儿)；土包子 [perhaps Dutch boomken ‘little tree’ or Middle Dutch bommekijn ‘little barrel’]

bump-start n. & v. tr. Brit. [英]  = PUSH-START 

bumptious /ˈbʌm(p)ʃəs/ adj.  offensively self-assertive or conceited 自以为是的；狂妄自大的 □ bumptiously  adv.  □ bumptiousness  n.   [BUMP, on the pattern of FRACTIOUS]

bumpy /ˈbʌmpi/ adj. (bumpier, bumpiest)  1  having many bumps 高低不平的，隆起的  a bumpy road  崎岖不平的道路 2  affected by bumps 颠簸的  a bumpy ride  颠簸着行驶 □ bumpily  adv.  □ bumpiness  n.  

bum rap n. N. Amer. slang  imprisonment on a false charge [北美] [俚语]冤案；因冤案坐牢 [BUM2]

bum's rush n. (prec. by 前接 the) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  forcible ejection 驱逐 2  abrupt dismissal 立即打发；摒弃 [BUM2]

bum steer n. N. Amer. slang  false information [北美] [俚语]假情报 [BUM2 + steer ‘a piece of advice’]

bum-sucker n. Brit. coarse slang  a toady [英] [粗俗俚语]献媚者；马屁精 □ bum-sucking  n.   [BUM1]

bun /bʌn/ n.  1  a small usu. sweetened bread roll or cake, often with dried fruit 小圆(果子)甜面包；小圆糕点 2 Sc.  a rich fruit cake or currant bread [苏格兰] (浓味)水果蛋糕；葡萄干面包 3  hair worn drawn back into a tight coil at the back of the head (盘在脑后的)圆发髻 4 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [北美] [俚语]屁股 □ have a bun in the oven  slang  be pregnant [俚语]怀孕 [Middle English: origin unknown]

Buna /ˈbju:nə/ n. propr.  a synthetic rubber made by polymerization of butadiene [商标]丁(二烯)钠(聚)橡胶，布纳橡胶(一种合成橡胶) [German (as BUTADIENE, Na chemical symbol for sodium)]

bunch /bʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cluster of things growing or fastened together 束；串  bunch of grapes  一串葡萄 bunch of keys  一串钥匙 2  a collection; a set or lot 扎；捆；套；卷  best of the bunch  精华 3 colloq.  a group; a gang [口]群；伙；帮 ●v.  1 tr.  make into a bunch or bunches; gather into close folds 捆扎，使成束；使打褶 2 intr.  form into a group or crowd 成束；成群 □ bunchy  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

bunch grass n. N. Amer.  a grass that grows in clumps, esp. of the genus Poa or Festuca [北美]丛生禾草；簇生草

bunch of fives n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a hand or fist 手；拳头 2  a punch 一拳，一击

bunco /ˈbʌŋkəʊ/ n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n. (pl. -os)  a swindle, esp. by card-sharping or a confidence trick 欺骗(尤指打牌作弊或用骗局) ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  swindle, cheat 诈骗；欺骗 [perhaps from Spanish banca, name of a card game]

buncombe var.  of BUNKUM  BUNKUM 的变体

Bundesrat /ˈbʊndəzrɑ:t/ n.  the Upper House of Parliament in Germany or in Austria (德国或奥地利议会的)上院，联邦参议院 [German from Bund ‘federation’ + Rat ‘council’]

Bundestag /ˈbʊndəztɑ:ɡ/ n.  the Lower House of Parliament in Germany (德国或奥地利议会的)下院，联邦议院 [German from Bund ‘federation’ + tagen ‘confer’]

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a collection of things tied or fastened together 捆，束，包 2  a set of nerve fibres etc. banded together (神经纤维等的)束 3 slang  a large amount of money [俚语]一大笔钱 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  tie in or make into a bundle 把…扎成一捆(或一包)  bundled up my squash kit  把我的壁球袋扎好 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  throw or push, esp. quickly or confusedly (尤指快而胡乱地)把…随便扔在一起；把…塞(或堆)一起  bundled the papers into the drawer  把文件胡乱塞在抽屉里 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, off, away, etc.)  send (esp. a person) away hurriedly or unceremoniously 把(尤指某人)推出去；匆匆把(某人)打发走；撵走  bundled them off the premises  把他们从经营场地打发走 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with) (usu. as 通常作 bundled adj.) Computing  sell as a package with 【计算】与…搭配(或捆绑)销售  training is bundled with the software  买此软件可得到免费培训 5 intr.  sleep clothed with another person, esp. a fiancé(e), as a local custom 与未婚妻(夫)和衣同睡一床(一种地方风俗) □ be a bundle of nerves (or prejudices etc.)   be extremely nervous (or prejudiced etc.) 神经极度紧张的(偏见极大的等)□ bundle up   dress warmly or cumbersomely 穿得暖和(或臃肿)□ go a bundle on  Brit. slang  be very fond of [英] [俚语]十分喜爱□ bundler  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old English byndelle ‘a binding’, but also from Low German, Dutch bundel]

bun fight n. Brit. slang  a tea party [英] [俚语]茶会

bung1 /bʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a stopper for closing a hole in a container, esp. a cask (尤指酒桶的)塞子 ●v. tr.  1  stop with a bung (用塞子)堵住，塞住 2 Brit. slang  throw, toss [英] [俚语]扔，掷 □ bunged up   closed, blocked 堵住，塞住 [Middle Dutch bonghe]

bung2 /bʌŋ/ adj. Austral. & NZ slang  dead; ruined, useless [澳新] [俚语]死的；坏的；无用的 □ go bung   1  die 死 2  fail; go bankrupt 失败；破产 [Aboriginal, probably Yagara]

bungalow /ˈbʌŋɡələʊ/ n.  a one-storeyed house 平房 [Gujarati bangalo from Hindustani baṅglɑˉ ‘belonging to Bengal’]

bungee /ˈbʌndʒi/ n. (in full 全称 bungee cord, rope)  an elasticated cord or rope, used for securing baggage and in bungee jumping (绑行李或跳蹦极用的)带弹性的绳(或索)；橡皮筋 [origin unknown]

bungee jumping n.  the sport of jumping from a height while secured by a bungee from the ankles, or by a harness 蹦极跳；蹦极 □ bungee jumper  n.  

bung-hole n.  a hole for filling or emptying a cask etc. (酒桶等的)桶孔

bungle /ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  blunder over, mismanage, or fail at (a task) 搞坏；笨手笨脚地做；把(事情)做砸 2 intr.  work badly or clumsily 粗制滥造；把工作搞糟 ●n.  a bungled attempt; bungled work 笨拙的尝试；拙劣的工作 □ bungler  n.   [imitative: cf. BUMBLE]

bunion /ˈbʌnj(ə)n/ n.  a swelling on the foot, esp. at the first joint of the big toe (尤指脚拇趾首关节的)拇囊肿 [Old French buignon from buigne ‘bump on the head’]

bunk1 /bʌŋk/ n.  a sleeping berth, esp. a shelf-like bed against a wall, e.g. in a ship (如船上的)铺位 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bunk2 /bʌŋk/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 off)  play truant from (school etc.) (从学校等)逃学，旷课 ●n. (in 用于 do a bunk)  leave or abscond hurriedly 逃走；匆忙潜逃 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bunk3 /bʌŋk/ n. slang  nonsense, humbug [俚语]胡说八道，胡言乱语，骗人的鬼话 [abbreviation of BUNKUM]

bunk bed n.  each of two or more beds one above the other, forming a unit 双层(或多层)床的铺位

bunker /ˈbʌŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large container or compartment for storing fuel 储存燃料的容器(或舱) 2  a reinforced underground shelter, esp. for use in wartime (尤指战时的)地下掩体；地堡 3  a hollow filled with sand, used as an obstacle in a golf course (高尔夫球场上难以击球的)沙坑 ●v. tr.  1  fill the fuel bunkers of (a ship etc.) 将燃料装进(船等上的)燃料舱 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  a  trap in a bunker (in sense 3 用于释义 3) 把(球)击入沙坑b Brit.  bring into difficulties [英]使陷入困境 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bunkhouse /ˈbʌŋkhaʊs/ n.  a house where workmen etc. are lodged (工人等住的)简易宿舍，临时住房

bunkum /ˈbʌŋkəm/ n. (also 亦作 buncombe)  nonsense; humbug 胡说八道，胡言乱语，骗人的鬼话 [originally buncombe from Buncombe County in N. Carolina, mentioned in an inconsequential speech made by its Congressman solely to please his constituents, c. 1820]

bunny /ˈbʌni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a child's name for a rabbit (儿语)兔子 2 Austral. slang  a victim or dupe [澳] [俚语]易受骗的人；傻子 3 (in full 全称 bunny girl)  a club hostess, waitress, etc., wearing a skimpy costume with ears and a tail suggestive of a rabbit 兔儿女郎(夜总会的女招待、女服务等，以假的兔子耳朵或尾巴作装饰) [dialect bun ‘rabbit’]

Bunsen /ˈbʌns(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 Bunsen burner)  a small adjustable gas burner used in scientific work as a source of great heat 本生灯(在科学实验中作为热源的可调式煤气灯) [R. W. Bunsen, German chemist d. 1899]

bunt1 /bʌnt/ n.  the baggy centre of a fishing net, sail, etc. (鱼网的)网身；帆腹(帆的鼓起部分) [16th c.: origin unknown]

bunt2 /bʌnt/ n.  a disease of wheat caused by the fungus Tilletia caries (小麦由腥黑粉菌引起的)腥黑穗(或黑粉)病 [17th c.: origin unknown]

bunt3 /bʌnt/ v. & n. US Baseball [美]【棒球】  ●v. tr.  let (a ball) rebound from the bat without swinging 触击，轻打(棒球) ●n.  an instance of bunting 轻轻的一击 [19th c.: probably related to BUTT1]

buntal /ˈbʌnt(ə)l/ n.  the straw from a talipot palm (编草帽用的)扇形棕榈叶麻；金丝草 [Tagalog]

bunting1 /ˈbʌntiŋ/ n.  a seed-eating bird of the family Emberizidae, related to the finches, usu. with a streaked sparrow-like plumage. 鹀(一种以植物籽为食的鹀科鸣禽，羽毛有条纹，似麻雀) [Middle English: origin unknown]

bunting2 /ˈbʌntiŋ/ n.  1  flags and other decorations 旗帜；彩旗 2  a loosely woven fabric used for these (作旗帜、彩旗用)粗纺织物 [18th c.: origin unknown]

buntline /ˈbʌntlain/ n.  a line for confining the bunt when furling a sail (see 见 BUNT1) (船的)拢帆索

bunya /ˈbʌnjə/ n. (also 亦作 bunya bunya /ˈbʌnjəbʌnjə/) Austral.  a tall coniferous tree, Araucaria bidwillii, bearing large edible cones [澳]披针叶南洋杉(一种高大针叶树，其果可食用) [Aboriginal (Queensland)]

bunyip /ˈbʌnjip/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  a fabulous monster inhabiting swamps and lagoons 沼泽怪兽 2  an impostor 骗子 [Wemba-wemba banib]

buoy /bɔi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an anchored float serving as a navigation mark or to show reefs etc. 浮标；航标(用作航海或礁石的标志) 2  a lifebuoy 救生圈 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  keep afloat 使浮起b  sustain the courage or spirits of (a person etc.); uplift, encourage 使(某人)保持勇气(或精神)；振奋；鼓励 2 (often foll. by 通常后跟 out)  mark with a buoy or buoys 用浮标标出 [Middle English probably from Middle Dutch bo(e)ye, from a Germanic base meaning ‘signal’]

buoyancy /ˈbɔiənsi/ n.  1  the capacity to be or remain buoyant 浮力 2  resilience; recuperative power 复原；恢复活力的力量 3  cheerfulness 乐观轻松的心情

buoyancy aid n.  a sleeveless jacket lined with buoyant material, worn for water sports (做水上运动时穿的一种衬有漂浮材料的无袖短)救生衫

buoyant /ˈbɔiənt/ adj.  1  a  able or apt to keep afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas 能漂浮的；有浮力的b (of a liquid or gas) able to keep something afloat (液体或气体)能使物体漂浮的 2  light-hearted 乐观的；轻松的 □ buoyantly  adv.   [French buoyant or Spanish boyante, part. of boyar ‘float’ ultimately from the Germanic base of BUOY]

BUPA /ˈbu:pə/ abbr.  British United Provident Association (a private health insurance organization) [缩略]英国有远见者联合会(一个私人健康保险机构)

bur /bɜ:/ n. (also 亦作 burr)  1  a  a prickly clinging seed case or flower head 刺果b  any plant producing these 有刺果的植物 2  a person hard to shake off 难以摆脱的人；依附别人为生的人 3  = BURRn. 2  [Middle English: related to Danish burre ‘bur, burdock’, Swedish kard-borre ‘burdock’]

burb /bɜ:b/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer. colloq.  a suburb [北美口]郊区 [abbreviation]

Burberry /ˈbɜ:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) propr.  a distinctive type of raincoat [商标]柏帛丽雨衣 [Burberry's, name of the manufacturer]

burble /ˈbɜ:b(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  speak ramblingly; make a murmuring noise 东拉西扯地说；发出沙沙(或汩汩)声 2 Aeron. (of an airflow) break up into turbulence 【空】(气流)产生涡流 ●n.  1  a murmuring noise 汩汩声 2  rambling speech 空谈；瞎扯 □ burbler  n.   [Middle English: imitative]

burbot /ˈbɜ:bət/ n.  an eel-like flat-headed bearded freshwater fish, Lota lota 江鳕 [Middle English, from Old French borbete, probably from borbe ‘mud, slime’]

burden /ˈbɜ:d(ə)n/ n. & v. (also archaic [亦古义] burthen /ˈbɜ:ð(ə)n/) ●n.  1  a load, esp. a heavy one 负荷，负担(尤指重负) 2  an oppressive duty, obligation, expense, emotion, etc. (难以承担的)职责(义务、费用或感情) 3  the bearing of loads 载重  beast of burden  驮兽 4  a ship's carrying capacity, tonnage (轮船的)装载量，吨位 5  a  the refrain or chorus of a song (歌曲中的)副歌(或合唱叠句)b  the chief theme or gist of a speech, book, poem, etc. (讲话、书、诗等的)主题，要旨 ●v. tr.  load with a burden; encumber, oppress 加负荷于；使沉重，使烦恼 □ burdensome  adj.   [Old English byrthen: related to BIRTH]

burden of proof n.  the obligation to prove one's case 举证责任(提供证据的义务)

burdock /ˈbɜ:dɒk/ n.  any plant of the genus Arctium, with prickly flowers and docklike leaves 牛蒡；牛蒡属植物 [BUR + DOCK3]

bureau /ˈbjʊərəʊ/ n. (pl. bureaux or bureaus /-rəʊz/)  1  a Brit.  a writing desk with drawers and usu. an angled top opening downwards to form a writing surface [英] (带抽屉的)书桌； (通常有一块有角度的桌面，放下后可形成)写字台b N. Amer.  a chest of drawers [北美]五斗橱，衣柜 2  a  an office or department for transacting specific business 办事处，联络站(或处)b  a government department (政府机构的)局；司；处；署 [French, = desk, originally its baize covering, from Old French burel from bure, buire ‘dark brown’, ultimately from Greek purros ‘red’]

bureaucracy /bjʊ(ə)ˈrɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  government by central administration 中央集权制；官僚政治b  a state or organization so governed 中央集权制国家(或组织)，官僚政府 2  the officials of such a government, esp. regarded as oppressive and inflexible (尤指暴虐刻板的)官僚 3  conduct typical of such officials 官僚作风；官样文章 [French bureaucratie: see BUREAU]

bureaucrat /ˈbjʊərəkræt/ n.  1  an official in a bureaucracy 官僚机构的官吏 2  an inflexible or insensitive administrator 刻板(不通人情)的行政官员；官僚主义者 □ bureaucratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  □ bureaucratically  /-ˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [French bureaucrate (as BUREAUCRACY)]

bureaucratize /bjʊ(ə)ˈrɒkrətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  govern by or transform into a bureaucratic system 官僚统治；官僚化 □ bureaucratization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

burette /bjʊˈret/ n. (US [美] buret)  a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for measuring out small volumes of liquid in chemical analysis (化学分析用)滴定管，量管 [French]

burg /bɜ:ɡ/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a town or city [北美口]市镇，城市 [see 见 BOROUGH]

burgage /ˈbɜ:ɡidʒ/ n. hist. (in England and Scotland) tenure of land in a town on a yearly rent [史义] (英格兰和苏格兰一年一租的)租地法 [Middle English, from medieval Latin burgagium from burgus BOROUGH]

burgee /bɜ:ˈdʒi:/ n.  a flag bearing the colours or emblem of a sailing club 彩色三角旗；彩色小燕尾旗(带有航海俱乐部的标志) [18th c.: perhaps = (ship) owner, ultimately French bourgeois: see BURGESS]

burgeon /ˈbɜ:dʒ(ə)n/ v. & n. literary [文学用语] ●v. intr.  1  begin to grow rapidly; flourish 开始迅速成长；繁荣 2  put forth young shoots; bud 发芽；萌发 ●n.  a bud or young shoot 新芽，嫩枝 [Middle English from Old French bor-, burjon, ultimately from Late Latin burra ‘wool’]

burger /ˈbɜ:ɡə/ n.  1 colloq.  a hamburger [口]汉堡包 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a certain kind of hamburger or variation of it 肉饼三明治；汉堡包式夹馅面包  beefburger  牛肉汉堡包 nutburger  碎果仁饼三明治 [abbreviation]

burgess /ˈbɜ:dʒis/ n.  1 Brit.  an inhabitant of a town or borough, esp. of one with full municipal rights [英] (尤指有充分地方自治权的村、镇、市)居民 2 Brit. hist.  a Member of Parliament for a borough, corporate town, or university [英史义] (代表自治市、镇或大学的)国会议员 3 US  a borough magistrate or governor [美]镇行政长官；镇长 [Middle English from Old French burgeis, ultimately from Late Latin burgus BOROUGH]

burgh /ˈbʌrə/ n. hist.  a Scottish borough or chartered town [史义] (苏格兰) (享有特权的)自治市，特别市 □ burghal  /ˈbɜ:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [Scots form of BOROUGH]

burgher /ˈbɜ:ɡə/ n.  1  a citizen or freeman, esp. of a Continental town (欧洲大陆城镇中的)市民；自由人 2 S. Afr. hist.  a citizen of a Boer republic [南非] [史义]布尔人所建共和国的公民 3  a descendant of a Dutch or Portuguese colonist in Sri Lanka (斯里兰卡的)荷兰(或葡萄牙)殖民者后裔 [German Burger or Dutch burger, from Burg, burg BOROUGH]

burglar /ˈbɜ:ɡlə/ n.  a person who commits burglary 窃贼；破门行窃者 □ burglarious  /-ˈɡlɛəriəs/ adj.   [legal Anglo-French burgler, related to Old French burgier ‘pillage’]

burglarize /ˈbɜ:ɡləraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) US [美]  = BURGLE 

burglary /ˈbɜ:ɡləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  entry into a building illegally with intent to commit theft, do bodily harm, or do damage (before 1968, in English law, a crime under statute and in common law; after 1968 a statutory crime only) Cf. 参见 HOUSEBREAKING 入户行窃；入户盗窃罪(在 1968 年以前的美国法律中，犯罪是依据美国的成文法和习惯法定罪 , 1968 年以后只依据成文法定罪) 2  an instance of this 入户行窃行为 [legal Anglo-French burglarie: see BURGLAR]

burgle /ˈbɜ:ɡ(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  commit burglary on (a building or person) 破门盗窃(某处或某人财物) 2 intr.  commit burglary 犯入户盗窃罪 [back-formation from BURGLAR]

burgomaster /ˈbɜ:ɡəmɑ:stə/ n.  the mayor of a Dutch or Flemish town 荷兰(或佛兰德斯)的市镇长官 [Dutch burgemeester from burg BOROUGH: assimilated to MASTER]

burgrave /ˈbɜ:ɡreiv/ n. hist.  the ruler of a town or castle [史义]市镇(或城堡)的领主 [German Burggraf from Burg BOROUGH + Graf COUNT2]

burgundy /ˈbɜ:ɡəndi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  wine (usu. red) from Burgundy in eastern France 勃艮第(通常为红)葡萄酒(原产于法国东部勃艮第地区)b  a similar wine from another place (产于其他地区类似勃艮第酒的)葡萄酒 2  the red colour of burgundy wine 勃艮第红；紫红色 ●adj.  of this colour 紫红色的

burhel var.  of BHARAL  BHARAL 的变体

burial /ˈberiəl/ n.  1  a  the burying of a dead body 埋葬b  a funeral 葬礼 2 Archaeol.  a grave or its remains 【考古】坟墓；坟墓的遗址 [Middle English, erroneously formed as sing. of Old English byrgels, from Germanic: related to BURY]

burial ground n.  a cemetery 墓地

burin /ˈbjʊərin/ n.  1  a steel tool for engraving on copper or wood 雕刻刀，刻刀 2 Archaeol.  a flint tool with a chisel point 【考古】凿刀状打火刀 [French]

burk var.  of BERK  BERK 的变体

burka /ˈbʊəkə/ n.  a long enveloping garment worn in public by Muslim women (穆斯林妇女在公众场合穿戴的)蒙住全身(只留眼睛)的长袍 [Urdu from Arabic burḳaˈ]

Burkina Faso   布基纳法索

Burkinese /bɜ:ˌkiˈni:z/ adj. & n.  布基纳法索的(人)

Burkitt's lymphoma /ˈbɜ:kits/ n. Med.  a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, esp. affecting children in central Africa 【医】伯基特淋巴瘤(一种恶性瘤，尤多见于中非儿童) [D. P. Burkitt, British surgeon d. 1993]

burl /bɜ:l/ n.  1  a knot or lump in wool or cloth (毛线或织物上的)粒结 2 N. Amer.  a rounded flat knotty growth on a tree [北美]树结，树瘤 [Middle English from Old French bourle ‘tuft of wool’, diminutive of bourre ‘coarse wool’, from Late Latin burra ‘wool’]

burlap /ˈbɜ:læp/ n.  1  coarse canvas esp. of jute used for sacking etc. (尤指用于麻袋等的黄麻)粗麻布 2  a similar lighter material for use in dressmaking or furnishing (用于制衣或室内装饰的)细麻布 [17th c.: origin unknown]

burlesque /bɜ:ˈlesk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  comic imitation, esp. in parody of a dramatic or literary work (尤指对剧本或文学作品的)诙谐模仿b  a performance or work of this kind 诙谐表演(或作品)c  bombast, mock-seriousness 浮夸；(通过诙谐模仿进行的)嘲弄 2 US  a variety show, often including striptease [美] (常包括脱衣舞表演的)滑稽歌舞杂剧，低级歌舞表演 ●adj.  of or in the nature of burlesque 滑稽的；嘲弄(或夸张地)模仿的 ●v. tr. (burlesques, burlesqued, burlesquing)  make or give a burlesque of (以滑稽或夸张手法)嘲弄模仿 □ burlesquer  n.   [French from Italian burlesco, from burla ‘mockery’]

burly /ˈbɜ:li/ adj. (burlier, burliest)  of stout sturdy build; big and strong 魁梧的；身强力壮的；结实的 □ burliness  n.   [Middle English borli, probably from an Old English form = ‘stately, fit for the bower’ (BOWER1)]

Burma   缅甸 (officially called Myanmar)

Burman /ˈbɜ:mən/ adj. & n. (pl. Burmans)  = BURMESE 

Burmese /bɜ:ˈmi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native or national of Burma (now Myanmar) in SE Asia 缅甸人，缅甸国民(现称作 Myanmar)b  a person of Burmese descent 缅甸人后裔 2  a member of the largest ethnic group of Burma 缅甸族人 3  the language of this group 缅甸语 4 (in full 全称 Burmese cat)  a breed of short-coated domestic cat 缅甸猫 ●adj.  of or relating to Burma or its people or language (有关)缅甸的；(有关)缅甸人的；(有关)缅甸语的

burn1 /bɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. burnt or burned)  1 tr. & intr.  be or cause to be consumed or destroyed by fire (使)燃烧；(被)烧掉，烧毁 2 intr.  a  blaze or glow with fire 发光，发亮b  be in the state characteristic of fire 着火，烧着 3 tr. & intr.  be or cause to be injured or damaged by fire or great heat or by radiation (使)烧伤，烧坏，烧焦，灼伤 4 tr. & intr.  use or be used as a source of heat, light, or other energy (被)用作热源(光源或其他能量来源) 5 tr. & intr.  char or scorch in cooking 烧焦，烧糊(饭、菜)  burned the vegetables  把菜烧糊了 the vegetables are burning  菜烧糊了 6 tr.  produce (a hole, a mark, etc.) by fire or heat 烧出(窟窿或痕迹) 7 tr.  a  subject (clay, chalk, etc.) to heat for a purpose 烧制(陶器或白垩等)b  harden (bricks) by fire 烧(砖)c  make (lime or charcoal) by heat 烧制(石灰或木炭) 8 tr.  colour, tan, or parch with heat or light 烧黑，晒黑；烤焦，烤糊  we were burnt brown by the sun  我们被太阳晒得黝黑 9 tr. & intr.  put or be put to death by fire (被)烧死 10 tr.  a  cauterize, brand 烧灼；烙上标记b (foll. by 后跟 in)  imprint by burning 烙印，烫印 11 tr. & intr.  make or be hot, give or feel a sensation or pain of or like heat; smart or cause to smart (使)发烧(发热；) 有火辣感；(使)感到刺痛 12 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make or be passionate; feel or cause to feel great emotion (使)兴奋；(使)充满炽热的情感  burn with shame  羞愧难当；羞得面红耳赤 13 intr. slang  drive fast [俚语]开快车 14 tr. US slang  anger, infuriate [美] [俚语]生气，使恼怒 15 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) (of acid etc.) gradually penetrate (into) causing disintegration (酸等)腐蚀，侵蚀 ●n.  1  a mark or injury caused by burning 灼痕，烧伤处 2  the ignition of a rocket engine in flight, giving extra thrust (火箭发动机的)飞行中点火(以产生推动力) 3 N. Amer., Austral. & NZ. [北美澳新]  a  the clearing of vegetation by burning 烧荒b  an area so cleared 用火烧过的空地 4 Brit. slang  a cigarette [英] [俚语]香烟 5 Brit. slang  a car race [英] [俚语]汽车赛 □ burn one's boats (or esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] bridges)   commit oneself irrevocably 破釜沉舟；做事不留后路□ burn the candle at both ends   exhaust one's strength or resources by undertaking too much 过分耗费精力；操劳过度□ burn down   1  a  destroy (a building) by burning 将(建筑物)用火焚毁，烧掉b (of a building) be destroyed by fire (建筑物)被火焚为平地(或烧得精光) 2  burn less vigorously as fuel fails (因燃料不足而导致)火势减弱□ burn one's fingers   suffer for meddling or rashness (由于管闲事或行为鲁莽而)吃苦头□ burn a hole in one's pocket  (of money) be quickly spent (钱)被迅速花光□ burn low  (of fire) be nearly out (火)即将熄灭□ burn the midnight oil   read or work late into the night 挑灯夜战；开夜车□ burn out   1  be reduced to nothing by burning 烧得精光，烧光 2  fail or cause to fail by burning (使)烧坏，烧毁 3 (usu. 通常作 refl.)  suffer physical or emotional exhaustion 筋疲力尽；耗尽心思 4  consume the contents of by burning 耗空，烧空 5  make (a person) homeless by burning his or her house (烧毁房屋)使(某人)无家可归□ burn up   1  get rid of by fire 烧掉；焚化 2  begin to blaze 烧旺起来 3 N. Amer. slang  be or make furious [北美] [俚语]大发雷霆；大动肝火 4 colloq.  traverse at high speed [口]高速穿过□ have money to burn   have more money than one needs 钱多得花不完 [Old English birnan, bœrnan, from Germanic]

burn2 /bɜ:n/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a small stream [苏格兰和英格兰北部]小河，溪流 [Old English burna, burn(e), from Germanic]

burner /ˈbɜ:nə/ n.  the part of a gas cooker, lamp, etc. that emits and shapes the flame (煤气炉、灯等的)煤气灶头；灯头 □ on the back (or front) burner  colloq.  receiving little (or much) attention [口]受到极少(或极大)关注

burnet /ˈbɜ:nit/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Sanguisorba (rose family), with globular pinkish flower heads 地榆；(蔷薇科)地榆属植物 2  any of several diurnal moths of the family Zygaenidae, with crimson spots on greenish-black wings 一种日间活动的斑蛾科飞蛾 [obsolete burnet (adj.) ‘dark brown’ from Old French burnete]

burning /ˈbɜ:niŋ/ adj.  1  ardent, intense 热烈的；强烈的  burning desire  强烈的愿望 2  hotly discussed, exciting; vital, urgent 热烈讨论的，激动人心的；极其重要的；紧迫的  burning question  极为重要的问题 3  flagrant 极端恶劣的  burning shame  奇耻大辱 □ burningly  adv.  

burning bush n.  1  any of various shrubs with red fruits or red autumn leaves (秋天长有红果或红叶的)灌木 2  = FRAXINELLA  [with reference to Exod. 3:2]

burning-glass n.  a lens for concentrating the sun's rays on an object to burn it 火镜，凸透镜

burnish /ˈbɜ:niʃ/ v. tr.  polish by rubbing 抛光，打磨使光亮 □ burnisher  n.   [Middle English from Old French burnir = brunir ‘make brown’ from brun BROWN]

burnous /bɜ:ˈnu:s/ n. (US also [美亦] burnoose)  an Arab or Moorish hooded cloak (阿拉伯人或摩尔人穿的)连兜帽的长斗篷 [French, via Arabic burnus from Greek birros ‘cloak’]

burn-out n.  1  physical or emotional exhaustion, esp. caused by stress (尤指因紧张造成的)精疲力竭 2  depression, disillusionment 消沉；幻想破灭

burnt  see 见 BURN1 

burnt ochre n. & adj. (also 亦作 burnt sienna or burnt umber) ●n.  a pigment darkened by burning 煅赭石，烧赭石(一种煅烧后得到的深色颜料) ●adj.  of the colour of any of these pigments 焦赭色的

burnt offering n.  1  an offering burnt on an altar as a sacrifice (在祭坛上焚烧祭神的)燔祭品 2 joc.  overcooked or charred food [诙]烧糊(或烧焦)的食物

burnt-out adj.  physically or emotionally exhausted 精疲力竭的

bur oak n.  a N. American oak, Quercus macrocarpa with large fringed acorn-cups (北美)刺果栎(实大而壳斗杯形，表面流苏状)

burp /bɜ:p/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 intr.  belch 打嗝 2 tr.  make (a baby) belch, usu. by patting its back 使(婴儿)打嗝(通常以拍背的方法) ●n.  a belch 嗝，饱嗝 [imitative]

burpee /ˈbɜ:pi:/ n.  a physical exercise consisting of a squat thrust made from and ending in a standing position 俯卧曲伸腿操(结束时呈立姿) [Royal H. Burpee, US psychologist b. 1897]

burp gun n. US slang  a lightweight sub-machine gun [美] [俚语] (轻便)短冲锋枪

burr /bɜ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a whirring sound 呼呼声b  a rough sounding of the letter r 颤动小舌的 r 音，粗喉音 2 (also 亦作 bur)  a  a rough edge left on cut or punched metal or paper (金属或纸张被切、被钻后留下的)毛边b  a surgeon's or dentist's small drill (外科医生或牙医用的)骨钻；牙钻 3  a  a siliceous rock used for millstones (用作磨石的)硅质岩b  a whetstone 磨石 4  = BUR 1, 2  5  the coronet of a deer's antler (鹿角上的)冠状头饰 ●v.  1 tr.  pronounce with a burr 发浓重的 r 音 2 intr.  speak indistinctly 含混地说 3 intr.  make a whirring sound 发出呼呼声 [variant of BUR]

burrawang /ˈbʌrəwæŋ/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  any palmlike tree of the genus Macrozamia 螺旋大泽米 2  the nut produced by this tree 螺旋大泽米的硬壳果 [Mount Budawang in New South Wales]

burrito /bʌˈri:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a tortilla rolled round a savoury filling 玉米面卷饼 [Latin American Spanish, diminutive of burro BURRO]

burro /ˈbʌrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US  a small donkey used as a pack animal [尤美] (用于驮货的)小驴 [Spanish]

burrow /ˈbʌrəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  a hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, esp. a rabbit, as a dwelling (尤指兔子等小动物挖掘的)地洞(或通道) ●v.  1 intr.  make or live in a burrow 挖洞；穴居 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, under, etc.)  make (a hole etc.) by digging 打(洞)，掘(穴等) 3 intr.  hide oneself 躲藏 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  investigate, search 调查，搜查 □ burrower  n.   [Middle English, apparently variant of BOROUGH]

bursa /ˈbɜ:sə/ n. (pl. bursae /-si:/ or bursas) Anat.  a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, esp. one countering friction at a joint 【解】(尤指关节处减小摩擦的)黏液囊，滑囊 □ bursal  adj.   [medieval Latin = bag: see PURSE]

bursar /ˈbɜ:sə/ n.  1  a treasurer, esp. the person in charge of the funds and other property of a college (尤指大学中的)财务主管，司库 2 Brit.  the holder of a bursary [英]奖学金获得者 □ bursarship  n.   [French boursier or (in sense 1) medieval Latin bursarius from bursa ‘bag’: see PURSE]

bursary /ˈbɜ:səri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit.  a grant, esp. a scholarship [英]助学金(尤指奖学金) 2  the post or room of a bursar 财务主管的职位；财务室 □ bursarial  /-ˈsɛəriəl/ adj.   [medieval Latin bursaria (as BURSAR)]

bursitis /bɜ:ˈsaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of a bursa 【医】黏液囊炎；滑囊炎

burst /bɜ:st/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. burst)  1  a intr.  break suddenly and violently apart by expansion of contents or internal pressure 突然破裂；爆炸；胀破；爆破b tr.  cause to do this 使爆炸，使胀破c tr.  cause (a container etc.) to split apart or puncture 使(容器等)破裂(或裂口) 2  a tr.  open forcibly 用力打开b intr.  come open or be opened forcibly 使绽开；猛然被打开 3  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out)  make one's way suddenly, dramatically, or by force 突然(或猛烈)地冲，闯b tr.  break away from or through 从…冲出；挣脱…  the river burst its banks  河堤决口了 4 tr. & intr.  fill or be full to overflowing 充满；溢出 5 intr.  appear or come suddenly 突然出现(或来临)  burst into flame  突然冒出火苗 burst upon the view  突然映入眼帘 sun burst out  太阳喷薄而出 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  suddenly begin to shed or utter (esp. burst into tears or laughter or song 尤指突然大哭、大笑或唱了起来) 突然开始哭(或说)了起来 7 intr.  be as if about to burst because of effort, excitement, etc. (由于努力、激动等)似乎要发作 8 tr.  suffer bursting of 破裂，胀破  burst a blood vessel  突然胀破血管 9 tr.  separate (continuous stationery) into single sheets 将一叠(折子)撕开 ●n.  1  the act of or an instance of bursting; a split 爆破，胀裂；破裂 2  a sudden issuing forth 突然冒出  burst of flame  突然冒出火苗 3  a sudden outbreak 突然爆发；迸发  burst of applause  发出一阵欢呼 4  a  a short sudden effort; a spurt 一股猛冲；冲刺b  a gallop 急驰；奔驰 5  an explosion 爆炸 □ burst out   1  suddenly begin 突然开始  burst out laughing  突然大笑起来 2  exclaim 大叫，叫嚷□ burster  n. (esp. in sense 9 of v. 尤用于动词释义 9)   [Old English berstan, from Germanic]

burstproof /ˈbɜ:s(t)pru:f/ adj. (of a door lock) able to withstand a violent impact (门锁)防冲撞的，撞不开的

burthen archaic var.  of BURDEN [古义] BURDEN 的变体

burton1 /ˈbɜ:t(ə)n/ n.   □ go for a burton  Brit. slang  be lost or destroyed or killed [英] [俚语]失踪；被毁；被杀 [20th c.: perhaps Burton ale from Burton-on-Trent in England]

burton2 /ˈbɜ:t(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 burton-tackle)  a light two-block tackle for hoisting (提升用)复轮车；滑车(组) [Middle English Breton tackles: see BRETON]

Burundi   布隆迪

Burundian /buˈrundiən/ adj. & n.  布隆迪的(人)

bur walnut n.  walnut wood containing knots, used as a veneer 带结节的胡桃木(用作饰面)

bury /ˈberi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  place (a dead body) in the earth, in a tomb, or in the sea 将(尸体)埋葬，举行海葬 2  lose by death 丧，失去  has buried three husbands  曾三度丧夫 3  a  put under ground 掩埋  bury alive  活埋b  hide (treasure, a bone, etc.) in the earth 将(财宝、骨头等)埋藏在地下c  cover up; submerge 覆盖；使沉浸 4  a  put out of sight 遮住  buried his face in his hands  他双手掩面b  consign to obscurity 使湮没；屏弃  the idea was buried after brief discussion  经过简短讨论，这个想法被放弃了c  put away; forget 抛开；遗忘 5  involve deeply 深深陷入  buried himself in his work  埋头工作 was buried in a book  埋头看书 □ bury the hatchet   cease to quarrel 息兵，议和；言归于好□ bury one's head in the sand   ignore unpleasant realities, refuse to face facts 逃避现实；采取鸵鸟政策 [Old English byrgan, from West Germanic: related to BURIAL]

burying beetle n.  a sexton beetle 埋葬虫

burying ground n. (also 亦作 burying place)  a cemetery 墓地，葬地

bus /bʌs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. buses or US [美] busses)  1  a large passenger vehicle, esp. one serving the public on a fixed route (尤指固定线路的)公共汽车 2 colloq.  a motor car, aeroplane, etc. [口]汽车(飞机等) 3 Computing  a defined set of conductors carrying data and control signals within a computer 【计算】(计算机中传送数据、控制信号的)总线 ●v. (buses or busses, bussed, bussing)  1 intr.  go by bus 乘公共汽车 2 tr. esp. N. Amer.  transport by bus, esp. to promote racial integration [尤北美]用公共汽车运送(尤以促进种族融合) 3 tr. N. Amer. [北美]  a  carry or clear away (dishes etc.) in a cafeteria (在自助餐厅里)端走(或收拾)盘(碟等)b  clear (a cafeteria table) of dishes 清理(自助餐馆桌上的)盘碟 [abbreviation of OMNIBUS]

busbar /ˈbʌsbɑ:/ n. Electr.  a system of conductors in a generating or receiving station on which power is concentrated for distribution 【电】母线，汇流排，汇流条

busboy /ˈbʌsbɔi/ n. N. Amer.  a person who clears tables etc. in a cafeteria [北美] (清理桌子等的)餐厅侍者

busby /ˈbʌzbi/ n. (pl. -ies) (not in official use) a tall fur hat worn by hussars etc. (非正式用语) (轻骑兵等戴的)毛皮高顶帽 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bush1 /bʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shrub or clump of shrubs with stems of moderate length 灌木；灌(木)丛 2  a thing resembling this, esp. a clump of hair or fur 类似灌木之物(尤指蓬乱的头发或毛茸的皮毛) 3 (esp. in Australia and Africa) a wild uncultivated district; woodland or forest (尤在澳大利亚和非洲)未开发的荒野地区；林地；森林 4 hist.  a bunch of ivy as a vintner's sign [史义] (作为酒店标记的)常春藤枝 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  spread like a bush 灌木丛般地生长 □ go bush  Austral.  leave one's usual surroundings; run wild [澳]离开原来的生活环境；过野蛮生活 [Middle English from Old English & Old Norse, ultimately from Germanic]

bush2 /bʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a metal lining for a round hole enclosing a revolving shaft etc. (包住滚轴等的)衬套；轴衬，轴瓦 2  a sleeve providing electrical insulation (绝缘)套管 ●v. tr.  provide with a bush 加衬套(套管)于 [Middle Dutch busse BOX1]

bushbaby /ˈbʊʃbeibi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small nocturnal tree-dwelling African primate of the family Lorisidae, with very large eyes Also called 亦称作 GALAGO 灌丛婴猴(非洲的一种懒猴科的大眼猴)

bush basil n.  a culinary herb, Ocimum minimum 小矮糠

bushbuck /ˈbʊʃbʌk/ n.  a small antelope, Tragelaphus scriptus, of southern Africa, having a chestnut coat with white stripes 南非林羚 [BUSH1 + BUCK1, influenced by Dutch boschbok]

bushed /bʊʃt/ adj. colloq. [口]  1 Austral. & NZ [澳新]  a  lost in the bush 迷失在灌木丛带的b  bewildered 不知所措的 2  tired out 疲惫不堪的

bushel /ˈbʊʃ(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a measure of capacity equal to 8 gallons and equivalent to 36.4 litres, used for corn, fruit, liquids, etc. [英]蒲式耳(谷物、水果、液体等的计量单位，等于 8 加仑， 36.4 升) 2 US  a measure of capacity equal to 64 US pints, used for dry goods [美]蒲式耳(干货类的计量单位，美国等于 64 品脱) □ hide one's light under a bushel   see 见 HIDE1 □ bushelful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Old French buissiel etc., perhaps of Gaulish origin]

bushfire /ˈbʊʃfaiə/ n.  a fire in a forest or in scrub, often spreading widely 林区(密灌林)大火

bushido /ˈbu:ʃidəʊ, bʊˈʃi:dəʊ/ n.  the code of honour and morals evolved by the Japanese samurai (日本的)武士道 [Japanese, from bushi ‘samurai’ + dō ‘way’]

bushing /ˈbʊʃiŋ/ n.  = BUSH2n. 

bush jacket n.  a light cotton jacket with a belt 丛林夹克衫(一种带腰带的轻便棉布夹克衫)

bush lawyer n.  1 Austral. & NZ  a person claiming legal knowledge without qualifications for it [澳新]自以为懂法律(而无资格证明)的人 2 NZ  a bramble [新]有刺灌木；荆棘

bush league n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  a minor league of a professional sport 第二流的球队(或组织) ●attrib. adj. (作 bush-league) colloq.  inferior, minor, unsophisticated [口]第二流的，次要的，平庸的 □ bush-leaguer  n.  

bushman /ˈbʊʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who lives or travels in the Australian bush 在澳大利亚丛林中生活(或旅行)的人 2 (作 Bushman)  a  a member of an aboriginal people in S. Africa (南非的)布须曼人b  the language of this people 布须曼语 [BUSH1 + MAN: sense 2 influenced by Dutch boschjesman]

bushmaster /ˈbʊʃmɑ:stə/ n.  a venomous viper, Lachesis muta, of Central and S. America 巨蝮(中南美洲的一种大毒蛇) [perhaps from Dutch boschmeester]

bushranger /ˈbʊʃrein(d)ʒə/ n. hist.  an Australian outlaw living in the bush [史义] (澳大利亚)藏匿在灌木丛地带的逃犯(或土匪)

bush sickness n.  a disease of animals due to a lack of cobalt in the soil 丛林病(因土壤缺钴所致)

bush telegraph n.  a rapid informal spreading of information, a rumour, etc.; the network by which this takes place 小道消息(谣言等)的迅速传播；流言传播的途径

bushveld /ˈbʊʃfelt, -velt/ n.  open country consisting largely of bush 灌木丛生地带 [BUSH1 + VELD, influenced by Afrikaans bosveld]

bushwhack /ˈbʊʃwæk/ v.  1 intr. US, Austral. & NZ. [美澳新]  a  clear woods and bush country 在(丛)林中开路b  live or travel in bush country 在丛林中生活(或旅行) 2 tr. US  ambush [美]伏击

bushwhacker /ˈbʊʃwækə/ n.  1 N. Amer., Austral. & NZ. [北美澳新]  a  a person who clears woods and bush country 清除林木(灌木丛)的人b  a person who lives or travels in bush country 在丛林中生活(或旅行)的人 2 US  a guerrilla fighter (originally in the American Civil War) [美]游击战士(源自美国南北战争)

bushy1 /ˈbʊʃi/ adj. (bushier, bushiest)  1  growing thickly like a bush 丛林般茂密的 2  having many bushes 多灌木的 3  covered with bush 长满灌木的 □ bushily  adv.  □ bushiness  n.  

bushy2 /ˈbʊʃi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  a person who lives in the bush (as distinct from in a town) 丛林居民；乡下人(有别于城里人)

busily  see 见 BUSY 

business /ˈbiznis/ n.  1  one's regular occupation, profession, or trade 日常工作；职业；生意 2  a thing that is one's concern 关注的事情 3  a  a task or duty 任务；职责b  a reason for coming (来的)理由  what is your business?  你来有什么事？ 4  serious work or activity 正事；要务  get down to business  开始干正事；言归正传 5 derog. [贬]  a  an affair, a matter 事情，事务  sick of the whole business  整件事都很讨厌b Brit.  a structure [英]结构  a lath-and-plaster business  板条抹灰结构 6  a thing or series of things needing to be dealt with 需要处理的问题  the business of the day  日程 7  buying and selling; trade 买卖；生意  good stroke of business  一笔好买卖；赚钱的买卖 8  a commercial house or firm 工商企业；商行；公司 9 Theatr.  action on stage 【戏】(舞台)动作 10  a difficult matter 难办的事情  what a business it is!  多麻烦的事啊！ made a great business of it  这件事很棘手 11 (the business) colloq.  exactly what is required; an exemplary person or thing [口]所需要的东西；榜样 □ has no business to   has no right to 无权做…□ in business   1  trading or dealing 经商；经营 2  able to begin operations 开始运作□ in the business of   1  engaged in 从事…的买卖；做…生意 2  intending to 打算  we are not in the business of surrendering  我们没打算投降□ like nobody's business  colloq.  extraordinarily [口]非同寻常□ make it one's business to   undertake to 负责做…□ mind one's own business   not meddle 管好自己的事，少管闲事□ on business   with a definite purpose, esp. one relating to one's regular occupation (尤指与某人的正常工作有关)因公；因事□ send a person about his or her business   dismiss a person; send a person away 开除某人；把某人打发走 [Old English bisignis (as BUSY, -NESS)]

business card n.  a card printed with one's name and professional details 商业名片

business end n. (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the functional part of a tool or device [口] (工具或装备)发挥效用的部分；锐利的一端

businesslike /ˈbiznislaik/ adj.  efficient, systematic, practical 效率高的；有条不紊的；讲究实际的

businessman /ˈbiznismən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. businesswoman, pl. -women)  a person engaged in trade or commerce, esp. at a senior level (see also 另见 BUSINESS PERSON) (尤指高层次的)商人

business park n.  an area designed to accommodate businesses and light industry 商业园区

business person n.  a businessman or businesswoman 商人

business studies n. pl.  training in economics, management, etc. 商业经济(企业管理等)研究

businesswoman  see 见 BUSINESSMAN 

busk /bʌsk/ v. intr.  perform (esp. music) for voluntary donations, usu. in the street or in subways (通常在街上或在地铁)卖艺(尤指演奏乐曲) □ busker  n.  □ busking  n.   [busk peddle etc. (perhaps from obsolete French busquer ‘seek’)]

buskin /ˈbʌskin/ n.  1  a thick-soled laced boot worn by an ancient Athenian tragic actor to gain height (古雅典悲剧演员用于增高穿的)厚底高靴 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  tragic drama; its style or spirit 悲剧；悲剧风格(或精神) 3 hist.  a calf- or knee-high boot of cloth or leather worn in the Middle Ages [史义] (中世纪人们穿的)高统布靴(或皮靴) □ buskined  adj.   [probably from Old French bouzequin, variant of bro(u)sequin, of unknown origin]

bus lane n.  a lane on a road marked off for use by buses 公共汽车车道

busman /ˈbʌsmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the driver of a bus 公共汽车驾驶员

busman's holiday n.  leisure time spent in an activity similar to one's regular work 歇不着的例假日，照常工作的节假日

buss /bʌs/ n. & v. archaic or N. Amer. colloq. [古义] [北美口] ●n.  a kiss 亲吻 ●v. tr.  kiss 接吻 [earlier bass (n. & v.) : probably from French baiser from Latin basiare]

bus shelter n.  a shelter from rain etc. beside a bus stop (为遮风雨等的)公共汽车候车亭

bus station n.  a centre, esp. in a town, where (esp. long-distance) buses depart and arrive (尤指城镇长途)汽车总站

bus stop n.  1  a regular stopping place of a bus 公共汽车(总)站 2  a sign marking this 公共汽车站牌

bust1 /bʌst/ n.  1  a  the human chest, esp. that of a woman; the bosom (尤指女人的)乳房，胸部；胸脯b  the circumference of the body at bust level 胸围  a 36-inch bust  胸围 36 英寸c  the part of a woman's garment fitting over the bust (女性衣服的)前胸 2  a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest 半身雕像 [French buste from Italian busto, of unknown origin]

bust2 /bʌst/ v., n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●v. (past and past part. busted or bust)  1 tr. & intr.  break, burst 打破；爆裂 2 tr. esp. US  reduce (a soldier etc.) to a lower rank; dismiss [尤美]使(士兵等)降职；开除 3 tr. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  raid, search 突袭；搜查b  arrest 拘捕 ●n.  1  a sudden failure; a bankruptcy 突然失败；破产 2  a police raid 警方突袭 3  a drinking bout 痛饮；酒宴 4 esp. N. Amer.  a punch; a hit [尤北美]拳打；重击 5  a worthless thing 无价值之物 6  a bad hand at cards (手中)一副坏牌 ●adj. (also 亦作 busted)  1  broken, burst, collapsed 破碎的，爆裂的；坍塌的 2  bankrupt 破产的 □ bust up   1  bring or come to collapse; explode (使)崩溃；爆裂 2 (of esp. a married couple) separate (尤指婚姻)破裂□ go bust   become bankrupt; fail 破产；失败 [originally a (dialect) pronunciation of BURST]

bustard /ˈbʌstəd/ n.  any large terrestrial bird of the family Otididae, with long neck, long legs, and stout tapering body 鸨(一种长颈、长腿、体大的陆地鸟) [Middle English via Old French bistarde from Latin avis tarda ‘slow bird’ (? = slow on the ground; but possibly a perversion of a foreign word)]

bustee /ˈbʌsti:/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent) a shanty town; a slum (印度次大陆的)棚户区；贫民窟 [Hindustani bastī ‘dwelling’]

buster /ˈbʌstə/ n.  1 slang  mate; fellow (used esp. as a disrespectful form of address) [俚语]伙计；老兄(尤用于不客气的称呼) 2  a violent gale 强劲的大风

bustier /ˈbʌstiei, ˈbʊst-/ n.  a woman's strapless close-fitting bodice 女子无吊带紧身胸衣 [French]

bustle1 /ˈbʌs(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  work etc. showily, energetically, and officiously (工作等)忙碌，奔忙b  scurry 小步疾跑  bustled about the kitchen banging saucepans  在厨房里忙得团团转，碰得锅碗直响 2 tr.  make (a person) hurry or work hard 催促(某人)；使忙碌  bustled him into his overcoat  催促他穿上外套 3 intr. (as 作 bustling adj.) colloq.  full of activity [口]到处是繁忙景象的 ●n.  excited activity; a fuss 热闹的活动；忙乱 [perhaps from buskle frequentative of busk ‘prepare’, from Old Norse]

bustle2 /ˈbʌs(ə)l/ n. hist.  a pad or frame worn under a skirt and puffing it out behind [史义] (用于鼓起女裙后部的)衬垫；裙撑 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bust-up n.  1  a quarrel 争吵 2  a collapse; an explosion 崩溃；爆裂；破裂

busty /ˈbʌsti/ adj. (bustier, bustiest) (of a woman) having a prominent bosom (女性)胸部丰满的 □ bustiness  n.  

busy /ˈbizi/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (busier, busiest)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with, at, or pres. part.)  occupied or engaged in work etc. with the attention concentrated (工作等)忙碌的；忙着干…的；正专心于…的  busy at their needlework  忙着做针线活儿 he was busy packing  他正忙着收拾行装 2  full of activity or detail; fussy 繁忙的；杂乱的；忙乱的  a busy evening  繁忙的夜晚 a picture busy with detail  一副图案杂乱的画 3  employed continuously; unresting 不停干活的；不得空闲的  busy as a bee  忙个不停 4  meddlesome; prying 爱管闲事的；刺探(他人隐私)的 5 esp. N. Amer. (of a telephone line) engaged [尤北美] (电话线)占线的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often 常作 refl.)  keep busy; occupy 使忙于，使忙碌  the work busied him for many hours  那项工作让他忙了好几个小时 busied herself with the accounts  忙于账目 ●n. (pl. -ies) slang  a detective; a police officer [俚语]侦探；警官 □ busily  /ˈbizili/ adv.  □ busyness  /ˈbizinis/ n. (cf. 参见 BUSINESS)   [Old English bisig]

busybody /ˈbizibɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a meddlesome person 爱管闲事的人 2  a mischief-maker 搬弄是非的人

busy Lizzie /ˈlizi/ n. Brit.  an E. African plant, Impatiens walleriana, with abundant red, pink, or white flowers, often grown as a bedding plant or house plant [英]凤仙花

but1 /bʌt, bət/ conj., prep., adv., pron., n. & v. ●conj.  1  a  nevertheless, however 但是，然而  tried hard but did not succeed  努力了但未成功 I am old, but I am not weak  我年纪虽然大了，但体力不弱b  on the other hand; on the contrary 另一方面；正相反  I am old but you are young  我老了，相反，你却很年轻 2 (prec. by 前接 can etc.; in neg. or interrog. 用于否定句或疑问句)  except, other than, otherwise than 除了；不同于；否则  cannot choose but do it  除了干，别无选择 what could we do but run?  除了逃跑，我们还能做什么？ 3  without the result that 而不产生…的结果  it never rains but it pours  不雨则已，一雨倾盆 4  prefixing an interruption to the speaker's train of thought 用在打断说话人思路之前  the weather is ideal - but is that a cloud on the horizon?  天气是不错，但天边是不是有一片乌云？ ●prep.  except; apart from; other than 除…之外；此外；不同于  everyone went but me  除我之外，大家都去 nothing but trouble  只有麻烦 ●adv.  1  only; no more than; only just 只；才；仅仅  we can but try  我们只能试试 is but a child  只不过是个孩子 had but arrived  刚刚到 did it but once  仅做过一次 2  introducing emphatic repetition; definitely (用于强调重复)肯定地  wanted to see nobody, but nobody  不想见任何人，任何人都不想见 3 Austral., NZ & Sc.  though, however [澳新和苏格兰]可是，不过  didn't like it, but  不喜欢它，但是… ●rel. pron.  who not; that not 无人不；没物不  there is not a man but feels pity  没有人不觉得可惜 ●n.  an objection 但是(表示反对)  ifs and buts  如果和但是 ●v. tr. (in phr. 用于短语 but me no buts)  do not raise objections 不要跟我争辩(或推脱)；别总是对我说“但是，但是” □ but for   without the help or hindrance etc. of 如果没有(帮助或障碍等)；要不是  but for you I'd be rich by now  要不是因为你，我早就成有钱人了□ but one (or two etc.)   excluding one (or two etc.) from the number 排除一个(或两个等)  next door but one  隔壁的隔壁 last but one  倒数第二□ but that  (prec. by neg. 前接否定词)  that 那个  I don't deny but that it's true  我不否认那件事的真实性□ but that (or colloq. [口] what)   other than that; except that 不同于；要不是  who knows but that it is true?  要不是那是真的谁知道呢？□ but then (or yet)   however, on the other hand 但是，然而；另一方面  I won, but then the others were beginners  我赢了，不过其他人都是初学者 [Old English be-ūtan, būtan, būta ‘outside, without’]

but2 /bʌt/ n. Sc.  an outer room, esp. of a two-roomed cottage [苏格兰] (尤指仅有两个房间的房舍的)外室 □ but and ben   a two-roomed cottage; a humble home (see 见 BEN2) (仅有两个房间的)房舍；寒舍，陋室 [BUT1 = outside]

butadiene /bju:təˈdaii:n/ n. Chem.  a colourless gaseous hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H6 【化】丁二烯(一种无色气体，用于制造合成橡胶) [BUTANE + DI-1 + -ENE: cf. BUNA]

butane /ˈbju:tein/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkane series used in liquefied form as fuel Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H10 【化】丁烷 [BUTYL + -ANE2]

butch /bʊtʃ/ adj. & n. slang [俚语] ●adj.  masculine; tough-looking 男子气的；粗壮的 ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a mannish woman 男人似的女人b  a mannish lesbian 充当男人的女同性恋者 2  a tough, usu. muscular, youth or man (通常指精力充沛的)壮汉，粗壮的男孩 [perhaps abbreviation of BUTCHER]

butcher /ˈbʊtʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person whose trade is dealing in meat 肉商，肉贩b  a person who slaughters animals for food 屠夫 2  a person who kills or has people killed indiscriminately or brutally 残酷的人；刽子手 ●v. tr.  1  slaughter or cut up (an animal) for food 屠宰，屠杀(牲畜) 2  kill (people) wantonly or cruelly 屠杀，残杀(人) 3  ruin (esp. a job or a musical composition) through incompetence (因不胜任而)毁坏，糟蹋(尤指工作或音乐作品) □ the butcher, the baker, the candlestick-maker   people of all kinds or trades 各行各业的人□ butcher's  Brit. rhyming slang  a look [英] [同韵俚语]瞧，看  short for 全形 butcher's hook  [Middle English from Old French bo(u)chier from boc BUCK1]

butcher-bird n.  1  a shrike (family Laniidae) (伯劳科)屠夫鸟 2  a similar bird of the Australasian family Cracticidae 一种钟鹊科鸟 [from its habit of impaling its prey on thorns]

butcher's broom n.  a low evergreen shrub, Ruscus aculeatus (lily family), with stiff flat shoots resembling spine-tipped leaves 假叶树(一种低矮的百合科灌木，其小枝扁平呈叶状)

butcher's meat n. Brit. [英] (also 亦作 butcher meat)  slaughtered fresh meat excluding game, poultry, and bacon (家畜屠杀后的)鲜肉

butchery /ˈbʊtʃəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  wanton or cruel slaughter (of people) 大屠杀，残杀(人) 2  the butcher's trade 屠宰业；卖肉行业 3 Brit.  a slaughterhouse [英]屠宰场 [Middle English from Old French boucherie (as BUTCHER)]

butle var.  of BUTTLE  BUTTLE 的变体

butler /ˈbʌtlə/ n.  the principal servant of a household, usu. a man, in charge of the wine cellar, pantry, etc. 男管家(通常负责管理酒窖、食品储藏室等) [Middle English, from Anglo-French buteler, Old French bouteillier ‘cup-bearer’, from bouteille BOTTLE]

butt1 /bʌt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  push with the head or horns 用头(或角)顶撞，冲撞 2  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, upon)  touch with one end flat, meet end to end, abut 平接；对头连接；毗连b tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  place (timber etc.) with the end flat against a wall etc. 将(原木等的平头)靠着墙 ●n.  1  a push with the head 用头顶撞 2  a join of two edges (两端的)连接 □ butt in   interrupt, meddle 插嘴；插手；干涉□ butt out  slang [俚语]  1 esp. N. Amer.  stop interfering [尤北美]停止干涉；停止插手 2 N. Amer.  stop doing something [北美]停止做某事 [Middle English via Anglo-French buter, Old French boter from Germanic: influenced by BUTT2 and ABUT]

butt2 /bʌt/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an object (of ridicule etc.) (嘲弄等的)对象；笑柄  the butt of his jokes  他开玩笑的对象 made him their butt  他们拿他开玩笑 2  a  a mound behind a target 靶垛b (in pl. 用复数)  a shooting range 靶场c  a target 靶；目标 3  a grouse-shooter's stand screened by low turf or a stone wall (射松鸡等的)隐蔽处 [Middle English from Old French but ‘goal’, of unknown origin]

butt3 /bʌt/ n.  1 (also 亦作 butt-end)  the thicker end, esp. of a tool or a weapon (尤指工具或武器)粗大的一头  gun butt  枪托 2 (also 亦作 butt-end)  a  the stub of a cigar or a cigarette (香烟的)烟蒂b  the remaining part 残端 3 esp. N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [尤北美] [俚语]屁股 4 (also 亦作 butt-end)  the square end of a plank meeting a similar end (木板末端的)方形对接处 5  the trunk of a tree, esp. the part just above the ground (尤指露出地面的)树桩 [Dutch bot ‘stumpy’]

butt4 /bʌt/ n.  a cask, esp. as a measure of wine or ale 巴特(一种盛酒的大桶，尤用作酒或浓啤酒的计量单位) [Anglo-Latin butta, bota, Anglo-French but, from Old French bo(u)t from Late Latin buttis]

butt5 /bʌt/ n.  a flatfish (e.g. a sole, plaice, or turbot) 比目鱼(如鳎、鲽或鲆鱼) [Middle Low German, Middle Dutch but ‘flatfish’]

butte /bju:t/ n. N. Amer.  a high isolated steep-sided hill [北美]地垛，孤峰 [French, = mound]

butter /ˈbʌtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pale yellow edible fatty substance made by churning cream and used as a spread or in cooking 黄油，奶油b  a substance of a similar consistency or appearance 黄油状食品  peanut butter  花生酱 2  excessive flattery 奉承，献媚 ●v. tr.  spread, cook, or serve with butter 将黄油涂抹于，用黄油烹调；用黄油  butter the bread  在面包上抹黄油 buttered carrots  胡萝卜拌黄油 □ butter up  colloq.  flatter excessively [口]讨好，巴结□ look as if butter wouldn't melt in one's mouth   seem demure or innocent, probably deceptively 假装天真无邪，看起来老老实实 [Old English butere via Latin butyrum from Greek bouturon]

butter-and-eggs n.  any of several plants having two shades of yellow in the flower, esp. yellow toadflax (尤指黄色)柳穿鱼(一种开黄花或橙色花的植物)

butterball /ˈbʌtəbɔ:l/ n.  1  a piece of butter shaped into a ball 黄油球 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = BUFFLEHEAD  3 N. Amer. slang  a plump person or animal [北美] [俚语]胖人(或肥胖的动物)

butter-bean n.  1  a flat, dried, white lima bean 利马豆 2  a yellow-podded bean 黄色去荚豆

butterbur /ˈbʌtəbɜ:/ n.  a waterside plant of the genus Petasites (daisy family) with pale purple flowers and large soft leaves formerly used to wrap butter (雏菊科)蜂斗叶属植物

butter-cream n.  a mixture of butter, icing sugar, etc. used as a filling or a topping for a cake 奶油冰淇淋(奶油加糖粉等搅打而成)

buttercup /ˈbʌtəkʌp/ n.  a plant of the genus Ranunculus (family Ranunculaceae), having bright yellow cup-shaped flowers and common in grassland (毛茛科毛茛属)毛茛(生于草地，开杯形黄花)

butterfat /ˈbʌtəfæt/ n.  the essential fats of pure butter 乳脂

butter-fingers n. colloq.  a clumsy person prone to drop things [口]笨手笨脚的人；常拿不住东西的人

butterfish /ˈbʌtəfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = GUNNEL1 

butterfly /ˈbʌtəflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  any insect of the order Lepidoptera which typically flies by day and has clubbed or dilated antennae and two pairs of usu. brightly coloured wings held erect when at rest (鳞翅目)蝴蝶(通常翅膀彩色) 2  a showy or frivolous person 炫耀轻浮的人 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a nervous sensation felt in the stomach [口]空腹感，呕吐感 4 (in full 全称 butterfly stroke)  a stroke in swimming, with both arms raised out of the water and lifted forwards together 蝶泳 [Old English buttor-flēoge (as BUTTER, FLY2) : perhaps from the cream or yellow colour of common species, or from an old belief that the insects stole butter]

butterfly bush n.  a buddleia, esp. Buddleia davidii 醉鱼草属植物(尤指大叶醉鱼草)

butterfly fish n.  a fish resembling a butterfly in shape or colour, esp. Blennius ocellatus, which has a broad dorsal fin with eye-spots, or any brightly coloured fish of the family Chaetodontidae 蝴蝶鱼(体形、颜色类似蝴蝶的鱼类，尤指斑鳍鲽鱼)

butterfly net n.  a fine net on a ring attached to a pole, used for catching butterflies 捕蝴蝶(虫)网

butterfly nut n.  a kind of wing nut 蝶形螺帽

butterfly stroke  see 见 BUTTERFLY 4 

butterfly valve n.  a valve with hinged semicircular plates 蝶形阀，双瓣阀

butter-icing n.  = BUTTER-CREAM 

butter knife n.  a blunt knife used for cutting butter at table 涂黄油用刀

buttermilk /ˈbʌtəmilk/ n.  a slightly acid liquid left after churning butter 酪乳(脱脂后的微酸液体)

butter muslin n. Brit.  a thin, loosely woven cloth with a fine mesh, originally for wrapping butter [英]奶油包布(原用于包裹黄油)

butternut /ˈbʌtənʌt/ n.  1  a N. American tree, Juglans cinerea 灰胡桃树 2  the oily nut of this tree 灰胡桃果

butterscotch /ˈbʌtəskɒtʃ/ n.  a brittle sweet made from butter, brown sugar, etc. (用黄油、红糖等熬成的)黄油硬糖 [SCOTCH]

butterwort /ˈbʌtəwɜ:t/ n.  a bog plant of the genus Pinguicula, esp. P. vulgaris, with violet-like flowers and sticky fleshy leaves that trap and digest small insects 捕虫堇属植物(尤指捕虫堇)

buttery1 /ˈbʌt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a room, esp. in a college, where provisions are kept and sold to students etc. [英] (尤指大学里储存并向学生等出售食品的)饮食服务部 [Middle English from Anglo-French boterie ‘butt-store’ (as BUTT4)]

buttery2 /ˈbʌt(ə)ri/ adj.  like, containing, or spread with butter 似黄油的；含黄油的；涂过黄油的 □ butteriness  n.  

buttie var.  of BUTTY2  BUTTY2 的变体

buttle /ˈbʌt(ə)l/ v. intr. (also 亦作 butle) joc.  work as a butler [诙]当男管家 [back-formation from BUTLER]

buttock /ˈbʌtək/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  either of the two fleshy protuberances on the lower rear part of the human body (人的)臀部的半边；半边屁股 2  the corresponding part of an animal (动物的)臀尾部 [butt ‘ridge’ + -OCK]

button /ˈbʌt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small disc or knob sewn on to a garment, either to fasten it by being pushed through a buttonhole, or as an ornament or badge 纽扣 2  a knob on a piece of electrical, electronic, etc., equipment which is pressed to operate it (电器、电子设备等的)按钮开关 3  a  a small disc-shaped object 扁圆的小物品  chocolate buttons  巧克力小球b (作 attrib.)  anything resembling a button 纽扣状物  button nose  扁而圆的小鼻子 4  a  a bud 花苞b  a button mushroom 未张开的蘑菇 5 Fencing  a terminal knob on a foil making it harmless 【击剑】(花剑的)剑头防护帽 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  = button up 1  2 tr.  supply with buttons 用纽扣扣住 □ buttoned up  colloq. [口]  1  formal and inhibited in manner (行为举止)正式的，拘谨的 2  silent 沉默寡言的□ button one's lip  slang  remain silent [俚语]默不作声；闭口不谈□ button up   1  fasten with buttons 扣上纽扣 2 colloq.  complete (a task etc.) satisfactorily [口]顺利完成(任务等) 3 colloq.  become silent [口]不吭声；住嘴；守口如瓶□ not worth a button  Brit.  worthless [英]一文不值；毫无价值□ on the button  esp. N. Amer. slang  precisely [尤北美] [俚语]精确地；正好□ buttoned  adj.  □ buttonless  adj.  □ buttony  adj.   [Middle English from Old French bouton, ultimately from Germanic]

button-back n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a chair or sofa with a quilted back, the stitching hidden by buttons (靠背用暗扣的)布罩坐椅(沙发)

buttonball tree /ˈbʌt(ə)nbɔ:l/ n.  the N. American plane tree, Platanus occidentalis (北美)梧桐树

button chrysanthemum n.  a variety of chrysanthemum with small spherical flowers 一种庭园栽培的菊花(由无数球状花序纽成繁密的花簇)

button-down attrib. adj.  applied to a collar whose points are buttoned to the shirt 领尖钉有纽扣的

buttonhole /ˈbʌt(ə)nhəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slit made in a garment to receive a button for fastening 纽扣孔；扣眼 2 Brit.  a flower or spray worn in a lapel buttonhole [英] (上衣翻领的)纽扣孔上佩带的花(或小花枝) ●v. tr.  1 colloq.  accost and detain (a reluctant listener) [口]强留(人勉强)谈(或听) 2  make buttonholes in 在…上开扣眼

buttonhole stitch n.  a looped stitch used for edging buttonholes 纽扣针迹；圈针迹

buttonhook /ˈbʌt(ə)nhʊk/ n.  a hook formerly used esp. for pulling the buttons on tight boots into place for fastening 纽扣钩(旧时尤指牵引紧脚靴子上的纽扣穿过纽扣孔的钩)

button mushroom n.  a young unopened mushroom 未长开的小蘑菇

buttons /ˈbʌt(ə)nz/ n. Brit. colloq.  a liveried page-boy [英口]穿制服的侍者(招待) [from the rows of buttons on his jacket]

button-through adj. Brit. (of a dress) fastened with buttons from neck to hem like a coat [英] (衣服)从上到下都有纽扣的

buttonwood tree /ˈbʌt(ə)nwʊd/ n.  = BUTTONBALL TREE 

buttress /ˈbʌtris/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a projecting support of stone or brick etc. built against a wall (石或砖等的)扶壁，扶垛b  a source of help or encouragement 支柱；支持力量  she was a buttress to him in his trouble  在他遇到麻烦时，她是他的支柱 2  a projecting portion of a hill or mountain 山边扶壁状突出的部分 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  support with a buttress 以扶壁支持 2  support by argument etc. (用论点等)支持  claim buttressed by facts  要求以事实为依据 [Middle English via Old French (ars) bouterez ‘thrusting (arch)’ from bouteret, from bouter BUTT1]

butt weld n.  a weld in which the pieces are joined end to end 对接焊

butty1 /ˈbʌti/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 colloq. or dial.  a mate; a companion [口] [方]伙伴儿，同伴 2 hist.  a middleman negotiating between a mine owner and the miners [史义] (在矿主与矿工之间调停的)中间人；包工头 3  a barge or other craft towed by another (由另一艘船)拖着的驳船(或船只) [18th c.: perhaps from BOOTY in the phrase play booty ‘join in sharing plunder’]

butty2 /ˈbʌti/ n. (also 亦作 buttie) (pl. -ies) N. Engl. [英格兰北部]  1  a sandwich 三明治  bacon butty  咸肉三明治 2  a slice of bread and butter 涂黄油的面包片 [BUTTER + -Y2]

butty-gang n.  a gang of men contracted to work on a large job and sharing the profits equally (分包活计并分享利润的)承包团体

butyl /ˈbju:tail, -til/ n.  1 Chem.  the monovalent alkyl radical C4H9- 【化】丁基 2 colloq.  butyl rubber [口]丁基橡胶 [BUTYRIC ACID + -YL]

butyl rubber n.  a synthetic rubber used in the manufacture of tyre inner tubes and pond liners 丁基橡胶；异丁(烯)橡胶

butyric acid /bju:ˈtirik/ n. Chem.  either of two colourless syrupy liquid organic acids found in rancid butter and arnica oil 【化】丁酸 □ butyrate  /ˈbju:tireit/ n.   [Latin butyrum BUTTER + -IC]

buxom /ˈbʌks(ə)m/ adj. (esp. of a woman) plump and healthy-looking; large and shapely; busty (尤指女子)健美而丰满的；胸脯突出的；乳房丰满的 □ buxomness  n.   [earlier sense pliant: Middle English, from stem of Old English būgan BOW2 + -SOME1]

buy /bai/ v. & n. ●v. (buys, buying; past and past part. bought /bɔ:t/)  1 tr.  a  obtain in exchange for money etc. (用钱等)购买b (often in neg. 常用于否定句)  serve to obtain 用作获取…的方法  money can't buy happiness  金钱买不到幸福 2 tr.  a  procure (the loyalty etc.) of a person by bribery, promises, etc. (用贿赂、诺言等)赢得(忠诚等)b  win over (a person) in this way 贿赂(某人) 3 tr.  get by sacrifice, great effort, etc. (做出牺牲、巨大努力等)获得  dearly bought  付出昂贵代价 bought with our sweat  用血汗换取 4 tr. slang  accept, believe in, approve of [俚语]接受；相信；赞同  it's a good scheme, I'll buy it  这个方案不错，我接受了 he bought it, he's so gullible  他竟然相信了，他太轻信了 5 absol.  be a buyer for a store etc. [含宾]买下(存货等)  buys for Selfridges  为塞尔弗里奇家买下 are you buying or selling?  你是买还是卖？ ●n. colloq.  a purchase [口]购买  that sofa was a good buy  那个沙发买得合算 □ buy in   1  buy a stock of 大量买进 2  withdraw (an item) at auction because of failure to reach the reserve price (在拍卖中因未达到原定价格而)买回(拍卖物)□ buy into   obtain a share in (an enterprise) by payment 买入(某企业的)股票□ buy it  (usu. in past 通常用于过去式) slang  be killed [俚语]被杀□ buy off   get rid of (a claim, a claimant, a blackmailer) by payment 花钱摆脱(索款、索偿者、敲诈勒索者)□ buy oneself out   obtain one's release (esp. from the armed services) by payment 出钱获得解脱(尤指免服兵役)□ buy out   pay (a person) to give up an ownership, interest, etc. 出钱使(某人)放弃所有权(利益等)□ buy over   bribe 贿赂，收买□ buy time   delay an event, conclusion, etc., temporarily (拖延事件、结论等以)赢得时间□ buy up   1  buy as much as possible of 尽量买进 2  absorb (another firm etc.) by purchase 把(另一个公司等)买下，收购 [Old English bycgan, from Germanic]

buy-back n.  the buying-back or repurchase of goods, shares, etc., often by contractual agreement (根据协议将自己的产品或股份)回买 often 常作 attrib.: buy-back scheme  回买计划

buyer /ˈbaiə/ n.  1  a person employed to select and purchase stock for a large store etc. (大百货店等的)采购员 2  a purchaser, a customer 购买者；买主

buyer's market n. (also 亦作 buyers' market)  an economic position in which goods are plentiful and cheap and buyers have the advantage 买方市场(市场上货物充足，价格便宜，有利于买方)

buy-in n. esp. US [尤美]  1  the purchase of shares on the Stock Exchange, esp. after the non-delivery of similar shares bought 买进；补进(尤指在股票未能在指定日期交割时从别处买进) 2  the buying-back of a company's own shares 买回本公司的股份

buyout /ˈbaiaʊt/ n.  the purchase of a controlling share in a company etc. 买下(公司等)的控股

buzz /bʌz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the hum of a bee etc. (蜜蜂等的)嗡嗡声 2  the sound of a buzzer 蜂鸣器的信号声 3  a  a confused low sound as of people talking; a murmur 低沉嘈杂的说话声；低语b  a stir; hurried activity 骚动；闹哄哄的活动  a buzz of excitement  一阵兴奋c colloq.  a rumour [口]流言；闲话 4 slang  a telephone call [俚语]电话 5 slang  a thrill; a euphoric sensation [俚语]激动；陶醉感 ●v.  1 intr.  make a humming sound 发出嗡嗡声 2  a tr. & intr.  signal or signal to with a buzzer 用蜂鸣器(给…)发出信号b tr. slang  telephone [俚语]打电话 3 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  move or hover busily 匆忙地移动；迅速掠过b (of a place) have an air of excitement or purposeful activity (某地)有激动(或忙碌)的气氛 4 tr. colloq.  throw hard [口]猛扔 5 tr. Aeron. colloq.  fly fast and very close to (another aircraft, the ground, etc.) 【空】[口]低飞掠过(地面)；高速逼近(另一架飞机等) □ buzz off  slang  go or hurry away [俚语]走开，马上离开 [imitative]

buzzard /ˈbʌzəd/ n.  1  any of a group of predatory birds of the hawk family, esp. of the genus Buteo, with broad wings well adapted for soaring flight. (鹰科)鵟(鵟属) 2 N. Amer.  a vulture, esp. the turkey buzzard [北美]秃鹫(尤指红头美洲鹫) [Middle English via Old French busard, buson from Latin buteo -onis ‘falcon’]

buzzer /ˈbʌzə/ n.  1  an electrical device, similar to a bell, that makes a buzzing noise 蜂鸣器 2  a whistle or hooter 汽笛；警报笛

buzz-saw n. N. Amer.  a circular saw [北美]圆锯

buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜ:d/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a fashionable piece of esp. technical jargon 时髦词语(尤指技术术语) 2  a catchword; a slogan 口号；标语

BVM abbr.  Blessed Virgin Mary [缩略]圣母马利亚

b/w abbr.  black and white (as opposed to colour) [缩略]黑白(颜色对比)

bwana /ˈbwɑ:nə/ n. (in Africa) master, sir 主人；先生(用于非洲) [Swahili]

BWI abbr. hist.  British West Indies [缩略] [史义]英属西印度群岛

BWR abbr.  boiling water (nuclear) reactor [缩略]沸水(核)反应堆

by /bai/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  near, beside, in the region of ... 在…旁边；靠近…；在…区域内  stand by the door  站在门口 sit by me  坐在我旁边 path by the river  河边的小路 2  through the agency, means, instrumentality, or causation of 通过…的代理(方式、媒介或起因)  by proxy  通过代理人 bought by a millionaire  由一位百万富翁买下 a poem by Donne  多恩写的诗 went by bus  乘公共汽车去 succeeded by persisting  靠持之以恒取得成功 divide four by two  4 除以 2 3  not later than; as soon as 不迟于，在…之前；一…就…  by next week  到下周为止 by now  到现在 by the time he arrives  在他到达之前 4  a  past, beyond 经过，在…范围以外  drove by the church  开车经过教堂 came by us  从我们身边过来b  passing through; via 经过；途经  went by Paris  途经巴黎 5  in the circumstances of 在…情况下  by day  在白天 by daylight  在日光下 6  to the extent of 达到…程度  missed by a foot  只差一英尺 better by far  好得多 7  according to; using as a standard or unit 根据；以…为标准(或单位)  judge by appearances  从外表来看 paid by the hour  按小时付费 8  with the succession of 连续地  worse by the minute  在一点一点地变糟 day by day  日复一日 one by one  一个接一个 9  concerning; in respect of 与…有关，就…而言  did our duty by them  我们对他们尽了责任 Smith by name  名叫史密斯 all right by me  我是同意的 10  used in mild oaths 用于发誓 (originally 最初 = as surely as one believes in 可以确信)  by God  上帝可以作证 by gum  当着上天 swear by all that is sacred  凭着神圣起誓 11  placed between specified lengths in two directions 位于两个方向的具体长度，之间  three feet by two  3 英尺长 2 英尺宽 12  avoiding, ignoring 避免接触；忽略  pass by him  不理睬他 passed us by  避开我们 13 (esp. in names of compass points) inclining to (尤指罗盘上的指针称谓)倾斜于  north by east  between north and north-north-east 北偏东 north-east by north  between north-east and north-north-east 东北偏北 ●adv.  1  near 靠近  sat by, watching  坐在旁边观看 lives close by  住在附近 2  aside; in reserve 一旁，一边；保留着  put £ 5 by  存下 5 英镑 3  past 经过  they marched by  他们大踏步地经过 ●n. (pl. byes)  = BYE1  □ by and by   before long; eventually 不久；最终□ by and large   on the whole, everything considered 大体上；总的来说□ by the by (or bye)   incidentally, parenthetically 顺便提一句□ by oneself   1  a  unaided 独自地b  without prompting 无需敦促地 2  alone; without company 单独地；没有伴儿地 [Old English bī, bi, be, from Germanic]

by- /bai/ prefix (also 亦作 bye-)  subordinate, incidental, secondary (by-product 副产品 ; byroad 小路) 从属的；附带的，次要的

by-blow /ˈbaibləʊ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a side-blow not at the main target (非针对主要目标的)侧击 2  a man's illegitimate child 私生子

bye1 /bai/ n.  1 Cricket  a run scored from a ball that passes the batsman without being hit 【板球】漏击得分 2  the status of an unpaired competitor in a sport, who proceeds to the next round as if having won 轮空(运动员在比赛中因无对手而自动进入下一轮的情况) 3 Golf  one or more holes remaining unplayed after the match has been decided 【高尔夫球】(因一方已赢而不打的)余穴 □ by the bye   = by the by  [BY used as noun]

bye2 /bai/ int. colloq. [口]  = GOODBYE  [abbreviation]

bye- prefix var.  of BY- BY- 的变体

bye-bye1 /baiˈbai/ int. colloq. [口]  = GOODBYE  [childish corruption]

bye-bye2 /ˈbaibai/ n. (also 亦作 bye-byes /-baiz/) (a child's word for) sleep (儿语)睡觉 [Middle English, from the sound used in lullabies]

by-election /ˈbaiilekʃ(ə)n/ n. Brit.  the election of an MP in a single constituency to fill a vacancy arising during a government's term of office [英] (单独在某一选区举行的)国会议员的补缺选举，补选

Byelorussian var.  of BELORUSSIAN  BELORUSSIAN 的变体

by-form /ˈbaifɔ:m/ n.  a collateral form of a word etc. (词等的)并列形式

bygone /ˈbaiɡɒn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  past, antiquated 过去的；以前的；过时的  bygone years  过去的年代 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  past offences 前嫌  let bygones be bygones  过去的事就让它过去吧

by-law /ˈbailɔ:/ n. (also 亦作 bye-law)  1 Brit.  a regulation made by a local authority or corporation [英]地方法规 2  a rule made by a company or society for its members (公司或协会的)内部章程 [Middle English probably from obsolete byrlaw local custom (Old Norse býjar, genitive sing. of býr ‘town’, but associated with BY)]

byline /ˈbailain/ n.  1  a line in a newspaper etc. naming the writer of an article (报刊等的文章里)标出作者名字的一行 2  a secondary line of work 副业 3  a goal line or touchline 球门线

byname /ˈbaineim/ n.  a sobriquet; a nickname 诨名，别名；绰号

BYOB abbr.  bring your own bottle [缩略]请自带酒来

bypass /ˈbaipɑ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a road passing round a town or its centre to provide an alternative route for through traffic (绕开城镇或市中心的)旁道，旁路 2  a  a secondary channel or pipe etc. to allow a flow when the main one is closed or blocked 应急用(备用)通路(管道等)b  an alternative passage for the circulation of blood during a surgical operation on the heart (心脏手术中供血液循环的)旁通管；分流(术) ●v. tr.  1  avoid; go round 避开；绕过 2  provide with a bypass 辟出一条旁道

bypath /ˈbaipɑ:θ/ n.  1  a secluded path 僻径 2  a minor or obscure branch of a subject (学科的)次要(或不明确)分支

byplay /ˈbaiplei/ n.  a secondary action or sequence of events, esp. in a play (尤指在戏剧中)与主要情节无关的次要动作(穿插戏)

by-product /ˈbaiprɒdʌkt/ n.  1  an incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture of something else 副产品 2  a secondary result 附带产生的结果

byre /ˈbaiə/ n. Brit.  a cowshed [英]牛棚 [Old English byˉre: perhaps related to BOWER1]

byroad /ˈbairəʊd/ n.  a minor road 小路，支路

Byronic /baiˈrɒnik/ adj.  1  characteristic of Lord Byron, English poet d. 1824, or his romantic poetry 拜伦式的；具有拜伦诗歌风格的 2 (of a man) handsomely dark, mysterious, or moody (男人)黝黑的；神秘的；喜怒无常的

byssinosis /bisiˈnəʊsis/ n. Med.  a lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of textile fibre dust 【医】棉屑沉着病，棉尘肺(因长期吸入棉尘所致) [modern Latin from Greek bussinos ‘made of byssus’ + -OSIS]

byssus /ˈbisəs/ n. (pl. byssuses or byssi /-sai/)  1 hist.  a fine textile fibre and fabric of flax [史义]黄麻织物；黄麻 2  a tuft of tough silky filaments by which some molluscs adhere to rocks etc. (软体动物吸附岩石等的)丝足 [Middle English via Latin from Greek bussos]

bystander /ˈbaistændə/ n.  a person who stands by but does not take part; a mere spectator 旁观者

byte /bait/ n. Computing  a group of binary digits (usu. eight), operated on as a unit 【计算】(二进制)字节(通常为 8 位)；(二进)位组 [20th c.: based on BIT4 and BITE]

byway /ˈbaiwei/ n.  1  a byroad or bypath 小路，小道；僻径 2  a minor activity 次要活动

byword /ˈbaiwɜ:d/ n.  1  a person or thing cited as a notable example (人或物的)别名，绰号；代名词  is a byword for luxury  是奢侈的代名词 2  a familiar saying; a proverb 俗语；谚语

Byzantine /biˈzæntain, bai-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire 拜占庭帝国的；东罗马帝国的 2 (of a political situation etc. 政治形势等)  a  extremely complicated 极为复杂的b  inflexible 死板的c  carried on by underhand methods 暗中进行的 3 Archit. & Art  of a highly decorated style developed in the Eastern Empire 【建】【艺术】具有东罗马帝国华丽建筑风格的 ●n.  a citizen of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire 拜占庭居民；东罗马帝国居民 □ Byzantinism  n.  □ Byzantinist  n.   [French byzantin or Latin Byzantinus from Byzantium, the city later called Constantinople and now Istanbul]

Béarnaise sauce /beiəˈneiz/ n.  a rich sauce thickened with egg yolks and flavoured with tarragon 鸡蛋黄油调味汁 [French, fem. of béarnais ‘of Béarn’ (in SW France)]

béchamel /ˈbeiʃəmel/ n.  a kind of thick white sauce 贝夏梅尔调味品 [invented by the Marquis de Béchamel, French courtier d. 1703]

bêche-de-mer /beʃdəˈmɛə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or bêches-de-mer pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a kind of sea cucumber eaten in China usu. in long dried strips (通常长条形、风干的)海参 2  = BEACH-LA-MAR  [French, alteration of biche de mer from Portuguese bicho do mar, literally ‘sea-worm’]

bête noire /beit ˈnwɑ:, 法 bɛt nwar/ n. (pl. bêtes noires pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person or thing one particularly dislikes or fears 令人嫌恶(或害怕)的人(或物) [French, = black beast]

bêtise /beiˈti:z, 法 betiz/ n.  1  a foolish or ill-timed remark or action 愚蠢(不合时宜)的言(行) 2  a piece of folly 蠢话，蠢事 [French]

C1 /si:/ n. (also 亦作 c) (pl. Cs or C's)  1  the third letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 3 个字母 2 Mus.  the first note of the diatonic scale of C major (the major scale having no sharps or flats) 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 1 个音， C 音(大调音阶中没有升半音或降半音) 3  the third hypothetical person or example 假定的第 3 个人或例子 4  the third highest class or category (of academic marks etc.) (学业成绩)第三等 5 (usu. 通常作 c) Algebra  the third known quantity 【代数】第三已知量 6 (as a Roman numeral) 100 (罗马数字的)100 7 (作 C)  the name of a computer programming language C 语言(一种计算机编程语言)

C2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 C.)  1  Cape  2  Conservative  3 Brit.  Command Paper (second series, 1870 － 99) [英]赦令书(第二辑， 1870 至 1899 年) 4  Celsius, Centigrade 

C3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element carbon 【化】(化学元素)碳 2 (also 亦作 ©)  copyright  3  coulomb(s)  4  capacitance 

c1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 c.)  1  century; centuries  2  chapter  3  cent(s)  4  cold  5 (usu. 通常作 c.)  circa, about  6  colt  7 Cricket  caught by 【板球】被接住

c2 symb. [符]  1 (usu. 通常作 c)  the speed of light in a vacuum (真空中的)光速 2  centi- 

c/- abbr. Austral. & NZ  care of [缩略] [澳新]由…转交(常用于信封上标注)

CA abbr. [缩略]  1 US  California (in official postal use) [美]加利福尼亚(正式邮政用语) 2 Sc. & Canad.  chartered accountant [苏格兰和加]特许会计师

Ca symb. Chem.  the element calcium [符]【化】(化学元素)钙

ca. abbr.  circa, about [缩略]大约

CAA abbr. (in the UK) Civil Aviation Authority [缩略] (英国)民航局

Caaba var.  of KAABA  KAABA 的变体

CAB abbr. [缩略]  1  Citizens' Advice Bureau 公民咨询处 2 US  Civil Aeronautics Board [美]民用航空委员会

cab /kæb/ n.  1  a taxi 出租汽车 2  the driver's compartment in a lorry, train, or crane (卡车、火车或吊车)驾驶室 3 hist.  a hackney carriage [史义]出租马车 [abbreviation of CABRIOLET]

cabal /kəˈbæl/ n.  1  a secret intrigue 密谋，阴谋 2  a political clique or faction 政治集团(或派别) 3 hist.  a committee of five ministers under Charles II, whose surnames happened to begin with C, A, B, A, and L [史义] (查理二世时期的)五大臣集团(其姓氏的首字母恰好是 C 、 A 、 B 、 A 、 L) [French cabale from medieval Latin cabala, CABBALA]

cabala   1 var.  of CABBALA CABBALA 的变体 2 (作 Cabala) var.  of KABBALAH KABBALAH 的变体

caballero /kæbəˈljɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Spanish gentleman 西班牙绅士；西班牙骑士 [Spanish = gentleman, horseman, ultimately from Latin caballus ‘horse’: cf. CAVALIER, CHEVALIER]

cabana /kəˈbɑ:nə/ n. N. Amer.  a hut or shelter at a beach or swimming pool [北美] (海滩或游泳池旁作更衣室的)帐篷，小屋；简易浴室 [Spanish cabaña from Late Latin (as CABIN)]

cabaret /ˈkæbərei/ n.  1  an entertainment in a nightclub or restaurant while guests eat or drink at tables 卡巴莱(夜总会或餐馆里为进餐顾客助兴的娱乐活动) 2  such a nightclub etc. 卡巴莱夜总会(或餐馆等) [French, = wooden structure, tavern]

cabbage /ˈkæbidʒ/ n.  1  a  any of several cultivated varieties of Brassica oleracea, with thick green or purple leaves forming a round heart or head 洋白菜，卷心菜，包心菜b  these leaves usu. eaten as vegetable (通常作蔬菜食用的)洋白菜 2 Brit. colloq. derog.  a person who is inactive or lacks interest [英口] [贬]无精打采的人；缺乏兴趣的人 □ cabbagy  adj.   [earlier cabache, -oche from Old French (Picard) caboche ‘head’, Old French caboce, of unknown origin]

cabbage palm n.  any of various palm trees with cabbage-like buds (sometimes edible) or leaves (顶芽或叶子像卷心菜、有时候可食用的)菜棕

cabbage rose n.  a double rose with a large round compact flower 洋蔷薇，百叶蔷薇

cabbage tree n.  1  a palmlike tree, Cordyline australis (agave family), native to New Zealand and widely grown for its sugary sap or for ornament; also called ti. 扇叶菜棕(棕榈科植物，原产地为新西兰，因树液含糖、树形美观而广泛栽种) 2  = CABBAGE PALM 

cabbage white n.  a butterfly, Pieris brassicae, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage leaves 菜粉蝶(因其幼虫食卷心菜菜叶而得名)

cabbala /kəˈbɑ:lə, ˈkæbələ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cabala, kabbala)  mystic interpretation; any esoteric doctrine or occult lore (对《圣经》作神秘解释的学说)奥秘教义，深奥学说 2 (作 Cabbala) var.  of KABBALAH KABBALAH 的变体 □ cabbalism  n.  □ cabbalist  n.  □ cabbalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [medieval Latin from Rabbinical Hebrew kabbɑˉlɑˆ ‘tradition’]

cabby /ˈkæbi/ n. (also 亦作 cabbie) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a taxi driver [口]出租汽车司机 [CAB + -Y2]

cab driver n.  a taxi driver 出租汽车司机

caber /ˈkeibə/ n.  a roughly trimmed tree trunk used in the Scottish Highland sport of tossing the caber 长树干，长木柱(略经修整的树干，用于苏格兰高地的树干掷远比赛) [Gaelic cabar ‘pole’]

Cabernet /ˈkæbənei/ n.  1  a variety of black grape (esp. 尤作 Cabernet Franc /frɒ˜/ or Cabernet Sauvignon /ˈsəʊvinjɒ˜/) used in wine-making 黑葡萄(尤指法国卡百内葡萄，用于酿酒) 2  a vine on which these grow 黑葡萄藤 3  a wine made from these grapes 卡百内葡萄酒 [French]

cabin /ˈkæbin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small shelter or house, esp. of wood 小棚屋，小房子(尤指木结构) 2  a room or compartment in an aircraft or ship for passengers or crew (飞机或轮船上供乘客或乘务员使用的)座舱，舱室 3  a driver's cab 司机室，驾驶室 ●v. tr. (cabined, cabining)  confine in a small place, cramp 使身居斗室；禁锢，束缚 [Middle English via Old French cabane and Provençal cabana from Late Latin capanna, cavanna]

cabin boy n.  a boy who waits on a ship's officers or passengers (轮船上的)男服务员，侍者

cabin class n.  the intermediate class of accommodation in a ship (轮船的)二等舱

cabin crew n.  the crew members on an aeroplane attending to passengers and cargo (飞机上的)机务人员，空勤人员

cabin cruiser n.  a large motor boat with living accommodation (有食宿设备的)大型游艇

cabinet /ˈkæbinit/ n.  1  a  a cupboard or case with drawers, shelves, etc., for storing or displaying articles (有抽屉、隔板等的)贮藏柜；陈列柜b  a piece of furniture housing a radio or television set etc. (放置收音机或电视机等的)柜子 2 (作 Cabinet)  a  the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy 内阁(由负责掌管政府政策的资深大臣组成的委员会)b (in the US) a body of advisers to the President, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government (美国)总统顾问团(由政府各行政部门首脑组成) 3 archaic  a small private room [古义]私人小房间 [CABIN + -ET1, influenced by French cabinet]

cabinet-maker /ˈkæbinitˌmeikə/ n.  a skilled joiner (技术熟练的)细木工人，家具木工 □ cabinetmaking  n.  

Cabinet minister n. Brit.  a member of the Cabinet [英]内阁成员，内阁大臣，内阁部长

cabinet photograph n.  a photograph of about 6 by 4 inches 私室照片(约 6 乘 4 英寸大小)

cabinet pudding n.  a steamed pudding with dried fruit (由果脯制成的)面包布丁

cabinetry /ˈkæbinitri/ n.  cabinets regarded collectively (总称)内阁

cable /ˈkeib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thick rope of wire or hemp 钢索，缆绳 2  a  an encased group of insulated wires for transmitting electricity or electrical signals (传输电能或电子信号的)电缆b  a cablegram 海底电报c  = CABLE TELEVISION  3  a Naut.  the chain of an anchor 【海】锚链，锚索b  a measure of 200 yards or US 240 yards 链(海上测距单位，约 200 码或[美] 240 码) 4 (in full 全称 cable stitch)  a knitted stitch resembling twisted rope (织物的)缆绳状花样；缆绳状针织法 5 Archit.  a rope-shaped ornament 【建】缆绳状装饰 ●v.  1  a tr.  transmit (a message) by cablegram 用海底电报拍发(消息)b tr.  inform (a person) by cablegram 用海底电报通知(某人)c intr.  send a cablegram 发海底电报 2 tr.  furnish or fasten with a cable or cables (用电缆或缆绳)装备；系缚 3 Archit. tr.  furnish with cables 【建】布线 [Middle English from Old French chable, ultimately from Late Latin capulum ‘halter’, from Arabic habl]

cable car n.  1  a small cabin (often one of a series) suspended on an endless cable by which it is drawn up and down a mountainside etc., controlled from an engine room (上、下山等用的)缆车 2  a carriage drawn along a cable railway 缆索铁路车厢，轨道缆车车厢

cablegram /ˈkeib(ə)lɡræm/ n.  a telegraph message sent by undersea cable etc. (用海底电缆等发出的)海底电报

cable-laid adj. (of rope) having three triple strands (指绳索)由三根三股搓成的

cable railway n.  a railway along which carriages are drawn by an endless cable 缆索铁路，轨道缆车

cable release n. Photog.  a cable attached to a camera to allow the photographer to open the shutter without having to hold (and thus risk moving) the camera 【摄】快门安全线(照相机上装此设备，不必手持相机即可按快门)

cable stitch  see 见 CABLE n. 4 

cable television n.  a television broadcasting system with signals transmitted by cable to subscribers' sets 有线电视

cableway /ˈkeib(ə)lwei/ n.  a transporting system with a usu. elevated cable (通常由高架电缆构成的)索道，缆道

cabman /ˈkæbmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist.  the driver of a hackney carriage [史义]出租马车车夫

cabochon /ˈkæbəʃɒn/ n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  a gem polished but not faceted (已抛光但未琢面的)宝石 □ en cabochon  (of a gem) treated in this way (指宝石)已抛光但未琢面的 [French, diminutive of caboche: see CABBAGE]

caboodle /kəˈbu:d(ə)l/ n.   □ the whole caboodle  slang  the whole lot (of persons or things) [俚语]一群(人)；一堆(东西) [19th c. US: perhaps from the phrase kit and boodle]

caboose /kəˈbu:s/ n.  1 Brit.  a kitchen on a ship's deck [英] (轮船上的)厨房 2 N. Amer.  a guard's van; a car on a freight train for workmen etc. [北美]货车守车；(货车列车员用的)车厢 [Dutch cabūse, of unknown origin]

cabotage /ˈkæbətɑ:ʒ, -idʒ/ n.  1 Naut.  coastal navigation and trade 【海】沿海航行，沿海贸易 2 esp. Aeron.  the reservation to a country of (esp. air) traffic operation within its territory (尤)【空】(仅限本国在领土、尤指领空范围内通行的)交通运营权，飞行权 [French from caboter ‘to coast’, perhaps from Spanish cabo CAPE2]

cabotin /kɑ:bəˈtã, 法 kabɔtɛ˜/ n. (fem. cabotine /-ˈti:n, -tin/)  a second-rate actor; a strolling player 二流演员；流浪艺人 [French, = strolling player, perhaps formed as CABOTAGE, from the resemblance to vessels travelling from port to port]

cabriole /kæbriˈəʊl/ n.  a kind of curved leg characteristic of Chippendale and Queen Anne furniture (奇彭代尔和安妮女王时期家具所特有的)弯腿 [French from cabrioler, caprioler from Italian capriolare ‘to leap in the air’; from the resemblance to a leaping animal's foreleg: see CAPRIOLE]

cabriolet /ˈkæbriəlei/ n.  1  a light two-wheeled carriage with a hood, drawn by one horse (有篷的)单马双轮轻便马车 2  a motor car with a folding top 篷式汽车 [French from cabriole ‘goat's leap’ (cf. CAPRIOLE), applied to the carriage's motion]

ca'canny /kɑ:ˈkæni/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the practice of ‘going slow’ at work; a trade union policy of limiting output 怠工；(工会的)怠工政策 2  extreme caution 极其谨慎，小心翼翼 [Scots, = proceed warily: see CALL v. 16, CANNY]

cacao /kəˈkɑ:əʊ, -ˈkeiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a seed pod from which cocoa and chocolate are made (用于制作可可和巧克力的)可可豆 2  a small widely cultivated evergreen tree, Theobroma cacao, bearing these 可可树(一种广泛栽培、结可可豆的常青小乔木) [Spanish from Nahuatl cacauatl (uatl ‘tree’)]

cachalot /ˈkæʃəlɒt/ n.  a sperm whale 抹香鲸 [French from Spanish & Portuguese cachalote, from cachola ‘big head’]

cache /kæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hiding place for treasure, provisions, ammunition, etc. (财宝、给养、武器等的)隐藏处，贮藏处 2  what is hidden in a cache 隐藏物，贮藏物 3 (in full 全称 cache memory) Computing  an auxiliary memory from which high-speed retrieval is possible 【计算】(可进行快速检索的)高速缓冲存储器 ●v. tr.  put in a cache 贮藏，储存 [French from cacher ‘to hide’]

cachectic /kəˈkektik/ adj. Med.  relating to or having the symptoms of cachexia 【医】与身体消瘦有关的；有身体消瘦症状的

cachet /ˈkæʃei/ n.  1  a distinguishing mark or seal 识别标记；印戳 2  prestige 威望，声望 3 Med.  a flat capsule enclosing a dose of unpleasant-tasting medicine 【医】(装苦味药物的)扁平胶囊 [French from cacher ‘press’, ultimately from Latin coactare ‘constrain’]

cachexia /kəˈkeksiə/ n. (also 亦作 cachexy /-ksi/) Med.  a condition of weakness and wasting of the body associated with chronic disease 【医】(伴随慢性病而产生的)身体虚弱；消瘦 [French cachexie or Late Latin cachexia from Greek kakhexia, from kakos ‘bad’ + hexis ‘habit’]

cachinnate /ˈkækineit/ v. intr. literary  laugh loudly [文学用语]放声大笑 □ cachinnation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cachinnatory  /-ˈneit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin cachinnare cachinnat- (imitative)]

cacholong /ˈkæʃəlɒŋ/ n.  a kind of opal 美蛋白石 [French, from Mongolian kashchilon ‘beautiful stone’]

cachou /ˈkæʃu:, kəˈʃu:/ n.  1  a lozenge to sweeten the breath 口香糖 2 var.  of CATECHU CATECHU 的变体 [French via Portuguese cachu from Malay kɑˉchu: cf. CATECHU]

cachucha /kəˈtʃu:tʃə/ n.  a Spanish solo dance 卡楚恰舞(一种西班牙单人舞蹈) [Spanish]

cacique /kəˈsi:k/ n.  1  a W. Indian or American Indian native chief (西印度群岛或美洲)印第安部落首领，酋长 2  a political boss in Spain or Latin America (西班牙或拉丁美洲)政界巨头 [Spanish or French, from Taino]

cack-handed /kækˈhændid/ adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  awkward, clumsy 笨拙的，手脚不灵活的 2  left-handed 左撇子的 □ cack-handedly  adv.  □ cack-handedness  n.   [dialect cack ‘excrement’]

cackle /ˈkæk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a clucking sound as of a hen or a goose (母鸡或母鹅发出的)咯咯声 2  a loud silly laugh 大声的傻笑 3  noisy inconsequential talk 饶舌，扯淡 ●v.  1 intr.  emit a cackle 发出咯咯声 2 intr.  talk noisily and inconsequentially 高声谈笑，扯淡 3 tr.  utter or express with a cackle 叽叽呱呱地讲；傻笑着表达 □ cut the cackle  colloq.  stop talking aimlessly and come to the point [口]别扯淡，谈正经的 [Middle English, probably from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch kɑˉkelen (imitative)]

cacodemon /kækəˈdi:mən/ n. (also 亦作 cacodaemon)  1  an evil spirit 恶鬼，恶魔 2  a malignant person 恶人 [Greek kakodaimōn, from kakos ‘bad’ + daimōn ‘spirit’]

cacodyl /ˈkækədail, -dil/ n.  1  a malodorous, toxic, spontaneously flammable liquid, tetramethyldiarsine 四甲二胂(一种恶臭、剧毒的易燃液体) 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a radical derived from this, -As (CH3)2 卡可基，二甲胂基 □ cacodylic  /-ˈdæilik, -ˈdilik/ adj.   [Greek kakōdēs ‘stinking’ from kakos ‘bad’]

cacoethes /kækəʊˈi:θi:z/ n.  an urge to do something inadvisable (做不明智事情的)冲动，强烈欲望 [Latin from Greek kakoēthes neut. adj., from kakos ‘bad’ + ēthos ‘disposition’]

cacography /kəˈkɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  bad handwriting 糟糕的书写 2  bad spelling 错误百出的拼写 □ cacographer  n.  □ cacographic  /kækəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cacographical  /kækəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek kakos ‘bad’, on the pattern of orthography]

cacology /kəˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  1  bad choice of words 措词不当，用词不当 2  bad pronunciation 读音不准，发音不准 [Late Latin cacologia from Greek kakologia ‘vituperation’, from kakos ‘bad’]

cacomistle /ˈkækəmis(ə)l/ n.  a raccoon-like American animal of the genus Bassariscus, with a dark-ringed tail, esp. B. astutus of N. America 蓬尾浣熊(产于北美洲，尾部有黑色环纹) [Latin American Spanish cacomixtle from Nahuatl tlacomiztli]

cacophony /kəˈkɒf(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a harsh discordant mixture of sound 刺耳的声音，不和谐的声音 2  dissonance; discord 不协和(和弦)，不协和音 □ cacophonous  adj.   [French cacophonie via Greek kakophōnia from kakophōnos, from kakos ‘bad’ + phōnē ‘sound’]

cactus /ˈkæktəs/ n. (pl. cacti /-tai/ or cactuses)  any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae, native to arid parts of the New World, with a thick fleshy stem, usu. spines but no leaves, and often brilliantly coloured flowers 仙人掌(原产地为新大陆干旱地区，茎为肉质，通常无叶有刺，多开有鲜艳的花) □ cactaceous  /-ˈteiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin, from Greek kaktos ‘cardoon’ (an obsolete sense in English)]

cactus dahlia n.  a dahlia with quilled petals resembling a cactus flower 卷瓣大丽花

cacuminal /kəˈkju:min(ə)l/ adj. Phonet. 【语音】  = RETROFLEX 2  [Latin cacuminare ‘make pointed’ from cacumen -minis ‘treetop’]

CAD abbr.  computer-aided design [缩略]计算机辅助设计

cad /kæd/ n.  a person (esp. a man) who behaves dishonourably (尤指男人)粗俗的人，无教养的人 □ caddish  adj.  □ caddishly  adv.  □ caddishness  n.   [abbreviation of CADDIE in earlier sense ‘odd-job man’]

cadastral /kəˈdæstr(ə)l/ adj.  of or showing the extent, value, and ownership of land, esp. for taxation 土地清册的(记载土地面积、价值和产权，尤供征税用) [French from cadastre ‘register of property’ via Provençal cadastro from Italian catast(r)o (earlier catastico), from late Greek katastikhon ‘list, register’, from kata stikhon ‘line by line’]

cadaver /kəˈdɑ:və, -ˈdei-/ n. esp. Med.  a corpse 【医】尸体 □ cadaveric  /-ˈdæv(ə)rik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from cadere ‘fall’]

cadaverous /kəˈdæv(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  corpselike 死尸般的 2  deathly pale 惨白的 [Latin cadaverosus (as CADAVER)]

caddie /ˈkædi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 caddy) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person who assists a golfer during a match, by carrying clubs etc. (比赛中帮助高尔夫球手拿球杆等的)球童 ●v. intr. (caddies, caddied, caddying)  act as caddie 当球童 [originally Scots from French CADET]

caddie car n. (also 亦作 caddie cart) Brit.  a light two-wheeled trolley for transporting golf clubs during a game [英]球杆车(比赛中运送高尔夫球杆的双轮轻便手推车)

caddis-fly /ˈkædis/ n. (pl. -flies)  a small mothlike insect of the order Trichoptera, with aquatic larvae 石蛾(一种样子像蛾子的昆虫，其幼虫生活在水中) [17th c.: origin unknown]

caddish  see 见 CAD 

caddis-worm /ˈkædis/ n. (also 亦作 caddis)  the aquatic larva of a caddis-fly, often making a protective cylindrical case of sticks, leaves, etc., and used as fishing bait 石蚕(石蛾的幼虫，可作鱼饵) [as CADDIS-FLY]

caddy1 /ˈkædi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small container, esp. a box for holding tea 小容器；(尤指)茶叶罐，茶叶听 [earlier catty, a unit of weight of 1(1/3) lb (0.61kg), from Malay kɑˉtī]

caddy2 var.  of CADDIE  CADDIE 的变体

cadence /ˈkeid(ə)ns/ n.  1  a fall in pitch of the voice, esp. at the end of a phrase or sentence (尤指短语或句子末尾的)声调降落，降调 2  intonation, tonal inflection (声音的)抑扬顿挫 3 Mus.  the close of a musical phrase 【音】终止式，乐章的结尾 4  rhythm; the measure or beat of sound or movement (声音或动作)节奏；韵律，节拍 □ cadenced  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Italian cadenza, ultimately from Latin cadere ‘fall’]

cadential /kəˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of a cadence or cadenza 节奏的；华彩段(或句)的

cadenza /kəˈdenzə/ n. Mus.  a virtuosic passage for a solo instrument or voice, usu. near the close of a movement of a concerto, sometimes improvised 【音】华彩段(通常位于协奏曲结尾附近供独奏者发挥其演奏技巧的段落，有时为即兴演奏) [Italian: see CADENCE]

cadet /kəˈdet/ n.  1  a young trainee in the armed services or police force 军官候补生；警官候补生 2  a boy or girl of 13 － 18 who undergoes voluntary army, navy, or air force training, together with adventure training, occasionally also undertaking public duties 自愿接受军训者(为 13 至 18 岁的少年，偶尔也执行公务) 3 NZ  an apprentice in sheep farming [新]学习牧羊的青年 4  a younger son 次子，幼子 □ cadetship  n.   [French from Gascon dialect capdet, ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’]

cadge /kædʒ/ v.  1 tr.  get or seek by begging (以乞求的方式)得到，寻求 2 intr.  beg 乞讨；乞求 □ cadger  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

cadi /ˈkɑ:di, ˈkeidi/ n. (also 亦作 kadi) (pl. -is)  a judge in a Muslim country 卡迪(穆斯林国家的法官) [Arabic kɑˉdī from kadɑˉ ‘to judge’]

Cadmean /kædˈmi:ən/ adj.  = PYRRHIC1  [Latin Cadmeus from Greek Kadmeios, from Kadmos ‘Cadmus’: see CADMIUM]

cadmium /ˈkædmiəm/ n.  a soft bluish-white toxic metallic element occurring naturally with zinc ores, and used in the manufacture of solders and pigments and in electroplating (symbol 符 Cd) (化学元素)镉 [obsolete cadmia ‘calamine’ via Latin from Greek kadm(e)ia(gē) ‘Cadmean (earth)’, from Kadmos ‘Cadmus’, the name of the legendary founder of Thebes: see -IUM]

cadmium cell n. Electr.  a standard primary cell 【电】镉电池(一种标准的原电池)

cadmium yellow n.  an intense yellow pigment containing cadmium sulphide and used in paints etc. 镉黄(一种含有硫化镉的浓黄色颜料，用于油漆等)

cadre /ˈkɑ:də, ˈkɑ:dr(ə), ˈkædri/ n.  1  a basic unit, esp. of servicemen, forming a nucleus for expansion when necessary (尤指军队的)基层单位；核心官兵 2 /also 亦作 ˈkeidə/  a  a group of activists in a communist or other revolutionary party (共产党或其他革命政党的)骨干队伍，核心班子b  a member of such a group 骨干分子；干部 [in early use ‘a framework, a plan’: French via Italian quadro from Latin quadrus ‘square’]

caduceus /kəˈdju:siəs/ n. (pl. caducei /-siai/)  an ancient Greek or Roman herald's wand, esp. as carried by the messenger-god Hermes or Mercury (古希腊或罗马传令官、尤指诸神使者赫耳墨斯或墨丘利的)节杖 [Latin, from Doric Greek karuk(e)ion from kērux ‘herald’]

caducous /kəˈdju:kəs/ adj. Biol. (of organs and parts) easily detached or shed at an early stage 【生】(器官或部分)早期自然脱落的 □ caducity  /-siti/ n.   [Latin caducus ‘falling’ from cadere ‘fall’]

caecilian /siˈsiliən/ n. (also 亦作 coecilian)  a burrowing wormlike amphibian of the order Gymnophiona, having poorly developed eyes and no limbs 蚓螈(一种无足目两栖动物，视觉极差) [Latin caecilia ‘slow-worm’]

caecitis /siˈkaitis/ n. (US [美] cecitis) Med.  inflammation of the caecum 【医】盲肠炎

caecum /ˈsi:kəm/ n. (US [美] cecum) (pl. -ca /-kə/) Anat.  a blind-ended pouch at the junction of the small and large intestines 【解】盲肠(小肠和大肠连接处的一种末端为盲道的袋状结构) □ caecal  adj.   [Latin (intestinum) caecum ‘blind (gut)’, from caecus ‘blind’, translation of Greek tuphlon enteron]

Caerns. abbr.  Caernarvonshire (a former county in Wales) [缩略]卡那封郡(威尔士原郡名)

Caerphilly /kɛəˈfili, kɑ:-, kə-/ n.  a kind of mild white cheese originally made in Caerphilly in Wales 卡尔菲利干酪(一种原产于威尔士卡尔菲利的淡味白色干酪)

Caesar /ˈsi:zə/ n.  1  the title of the Roman emperors, esp. from Augustus to Hadrian 恺撒(尤指罗马帝国从奥古斯都至哈德良期间的帝王称号) 2  an autocrat 独裁者；暴君 3 Brit. Med. slang  a Caesarean section; a case of this [英]【医】[俚语]剖腹产手术；剖腹产病例 [Latin, family name of Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman statesman d. 44 BC]

Caesarean /siˈzɛəriən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Caesarian) ●adj.  1  of Caesar or the Caesars 恺撒的；(古罗马)帝王的 2 (US also [美亦] Ces-) (of a birth) effected by Caesarean section 剖腹产的 ●n.  a Caesarean section 剖腹产手术 [Latin Caesarianus]

Caesarean section n.  an operation for delivering a child by cutting through the wall of the mother's abdomen (Julius Caesar supposedly having been born this way) 剖腹产手术(传说恺撒大帝为剖腹产所生)

Caesar salad n.  a salad consisting of cos lettuce and croutons served with a dressing of olive oil, lemon juice, raw egg, Worcester sauce, and seasoning 恺撒什锦色拉(一种用直立莴苣和油炸面包块拌制并加有橄榄油、柠檬汁、生鸡蛋、伍斯特酱和佐料的色拉) [Caesar Cardini, Mexican restaurateur who invented it in 1924]

Caesar's wife n.  a person required to be above suspicion 不容怀疑的人

caesious /ˈsi:ziəs/ adj. Bot.  bluish or greyish green 【植】蓝绿色的，灰绿色的 [Latin caesius]

caesium /ˈsi:ziəm/ n. (US [美] cesium)  a rare soft silver-white element of the alkali metal group, occurring in certain minerals, and used in photoelectric cells and atomic clocks (symbol 符 Cs) (化学元素)铯 [as CAESIOUS (from its spectrum lines)]

caesura /siˈzjʊərə/ n. (pl. caesuras) Prosody 【诗体】  1 (in Greek and Latin verse) a break between words within a metrical foot (希腊和拉丁诗文中格律音步内单词之间的)停顿 2 (in modern verse) a pause near the middle of a line (现代诗靠近诗行中间的)停顿 □ caesural  adj.   [Latin from caedere caes- ‘cut’]

CAF abbr. US  cost and freight [缩略] [美]到岸价格(成本加运费)

cafard /kæˈfɑ:/ n.  melancholia 忧郁，抑郁，沮丧 [French, = cockroach, hypocrite]

cafeteria /kæfiˈtiəriə/ n.  a restaurant in which customers collect their meals on trays at a counter and usu. pay before sitting down to eat 自助餐馆，自助食堂 [Latin American Spanish cafetería ‘coffee shop’]

cafetière /kæfˈtjɛə/ n.  a coffee pot with a plunger that pushes the grounds to the bottom (壶中有一个柱塞把渣滓沉入壶底的)咖啡壶 [French]

caff /kæf/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = CAFÉ  [abbreviation]

caffeine /ˈkæfi:n/ n.  an alkaloid drug with stimulant action, found in tea leaves and coffee beans 咖啡因，咖啡碱(一种见于茶叶和咖啡豆中、具有兴奋作用的碱性药物) [French caféine from café ‘coffee’]

Cafod /ˈkæfɒd/ abbr.  Catholic Fund for Overseas Development [缩略]天主教海外发展基金

caftan var.  of KAFTAN  KAFTAN 的变体

café /ˈkæfei, ˈkæfi/ n. (also 亦作 cafe /pronunc. same 发音同 or joc. [诙] kaf, keif/)  1  a small coffee house or tea shop; a simple restaurant 咖啡馆；茶馆；小餐馆 2 N. Amer.  a bar or nightclub [北美]酒吧间；夜总会 [French, = coffee, coffee house]

café au lait /kæfei əʊ ˈlei, 法 kafe o lɛ/ n.  1  coffee with milk 牛奶咖啡 2  the colour of this 淡咖啡色

café-bar n. (also 亦作 cafe-bar)  a café in which alcoholic drinks can be bought 咖啡酒吧

café noir /kæfei ˈnwɑ:, 法 kafe nwar/ n.  black coffee 清咖啡

café society n.  the regular patrons of fashionable restaurants and nightclubs 咖啡馆阶层(高级饭店和夜总会的常客)

cage /keidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a structure of bars or wires, esp. for confining animals or birds (尤指关动物或鸟的)笼子 2  any similar open framework, esp. an enclosed platform or lift in a mine or the compartment for passengers in a lift 笼子似的结构；(尤指矿井中的)升降车；电梯梯厢 3 colloq.  a camp for prisoners of war [口]战俘营 ●v. tr.  place or keep in a cage 关进笼子，囚禁 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cavea]

cage bird n.  a bird of the kind customarily kept in a cage (通常养在笼子里的)笼中鸟

cagey /ˈkeidʒi/ adj. (also 亦作 cagy) (cagier, cagiest) colloq.  cautious and uncommunicative; wary [口]谨小慎微的；吞吞吐吐的 □ cagily  adv.  □ caginess  n. (also 亦作 cageyness)   [20th c. US: origin unknown]

cagoule /kəˈɡu:l/ n.  a thin hooded outer jacket (esp. one that is windproof and waterproof), worn in mountaineering etc. 连帽薄外衣(尤指登山等穿的一种防风防水的外套) [French, literally ‘cowl’]

cahoots /kəˈhu:ts/ n. pl.   □ in cahoots  (often foll. by 通常后跟 with) slang  in collusion [俚语]同伙，同谋 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

CAI abbr.  computer-assisted (or -aided) instruction [缩略]计算机辅助教学

caiman var.  of CAYMAN  CAYMAN 的变体

Cain /kein/ n.   □ raise Cain  colloq.  make a disturbance; create trouble [口]制造混乱；闹事，找麻烦 [Cain, eldest son of Adam, who murdered his brother (Genesis 4)]

Cainozoic var.  of CENOZOIC  CENOZOIC 的变体

caique /kaiˈi:k, kɑ:-/ n.  1  a light rowing boat on the Bosporus (博斯普鲁斯海峡中的)轻便划艇 2  an eastern Mediterranean sailing ship 东地中海帆船 [French via Italian caicco from Turkish kayik]

cairn /kɛən/ n.  1  a mound of rough stones built as a monument or landmark (作墓表、路标用的)堆石标 2 (in full 全称 cairn terrier)  a  a small terrier of a breed with short legs, a longish body, and a shaggy coat (perhaps so called from its being used to hunt among cairns) 凯恩猎狗(一种短腿、体长、毛发较粗的小猎犬)b  this breed 这种猎狗 [Gaelic carn]

cairngorm /ˈkɛənɡɔ:m/ n.  a yellow or wine-coloured semi-precious form of quartz 烟晶(一种黄色或紫红色的半宝石石英) [found on Cairngorm, a mountain in Scotland (Gaelic carn gorm ‘blue cairn’)]

Cairo /ˈkaiərəu/ n.  开罗 [埃及首都]

caisson /ˈkeis(ə)n, kəˈsu:n/ n.  1  a watertight chamber in which underwater construction work can be done (水下建筑工作用的)沉箱 2  a floating vessel used as a floodgate in docks 浮箱式坞门(一种船坞闸门) 3  an ammunition chest or wagon 弹药箱；弹药车 [French (from Italian cassone) assimilated to caisse CASE2]

caisson disease n.  = DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS 

caitiff /ˈkeitif/ n. & adj. poet. or archaic [诗] [古义] ●n.  a base or despicable person; a coward 小人，卑劣的人；懦夫 ●adj.  base, despicable, cowardly 卑鄙的；怯懦的 [Middle English from Old French caitif, chaitif, ultimately from Latin captivus CAPTIVE]

cajole /kəˈdʒəʊl/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, out of)  persuade by flattery, deceit, etc. (用甜言蜜语、欺骗等手段)劝诱，哄骗 □ cajolement  n.  □ cajolery  n.   [French cajoler]

Cajun /ˈkeidʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a French-speaking descendant of early settlers in Acadia, living esp. in the bayou areas of southern Louisiana (尤指居住在美国路易斯安那州南部牛轭湖地区的)阿卡迪亚早期定居者说法语的后裔，卡金人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Cajuns, esp. with reference to their music, cuisine, etc. 阿卡迪亚早期定居者说法语的后裔的，卡金人的(尤指与其音乐、烹饪等相关的) [alteration of ACADIAN]

cake /keik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a mixture of flour, butter, eggs, sugar, etc., baked in the oven 蛋糕b  a quantity of this baked in a flat round or ornamental shape and often iced and decorated (一块)蛋糕 2  a  other food in a flat round shape 饼状食物  fish cake  鱼饼b  = CATTLE CAKE  3  a flattish compact mass (扁平而坚实的)块状物  a cake of soap  一块肥皂 4 Sc. & N. Engl.  thin oaten bread [苏格兰和英格兰北部]薄燕麦饼 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  form into a compact mass 结块 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  cover (with a hard or sticky mass) (用坚硬或黏稠的东西)覆盖  boots caked with mud  粘了厚厚泥巴的靴子 □ cakes and ale   merrymaking 狂欢，寻欢作乐□ have one's cake and eat it  colloq.  enjoy both of two mutually exclusive alternatives [口]两种利益兼得□ a piece of cake  colloq.  something easily achieved [口]容易做的事，不费力的事□ sell (or go) like hot cakes   be sold (or go) quickly; be popular 畅销；受欢迎□ a slice of the cake  colloq.  participation in benefits [口]分享利益，得到好处 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse kaka]

cake-hole n. slang  the mouth [俚语]嘴

cakewalk /ˈkeikwɔ:k/ n.  1  a dance developed from an American black contest in graceful walking with a cake as a prize (由美国黑人奖品为蛋糕的走步竞赛演变而成的)阔步舞 2 colloq.  an easy task [口]易如反掌的事 3 Brit.  a form of fairground entertainment consisting of a promenade moved by machinery [英]流动音乐会(一种集市娱乐活动，演奏者乘坐车辆四处巡回演出)

CAL abbr.  computer-assisted learning [缩略]计算机辅助学习

Cal abbr.  large calorie(s) or kilocalorie(s) [缩略]大卡，千卡(热量单位)

Cal. abbr.  California [缩略] (美)加利福尼亚州

cal abbr.  small calorie(s) [缩略]小卡(热量单位)

Calabar bean /ˈkæləbɑ:/ n.  a poisonous seed of the tropical African climbing plant Physostigma venosum, containing alkaloids used in medicine 毒扁豆(加拉巴尔豆属攀缘植物，产于热带非洲，含药用生物碱) [Calabar in Nigeria]

calabash /ˈkæləbæʃ/ n.  1  a  an evergreen tree, Crescentia cujete, native to tropical America, bearing fruit in the form of large gourds 加拉巴葫芦树(加拉巴木属常青乔木，产于热带美洲，其果实呈大葫芦状)b  a gourd from this tree 加拉巴葫芦 2  the shell of this or a similar gourd used as a vessel for water, to make a tobacco pipe, etc. 葫芦(用作容器或用于制作烟斗) [French calebasse from Spanish calabaza, perhaps from Persian karbuz ‘melon’]

calaboose /kæləˈbu:s/ n. US dial.  a prison [美方]监狱 [black French calabouse from Spanish calabozo ‘dungeon’]

calabrese /ˈkæləbri:s, kæləˈbri:s, kæləˈbreisi/ n. Brit.  a large succulent variety of sprouting broccoli [英]花茎甘蓝 [Italian, = Calabrian]

calamanco /kæləˈmæŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes) hist.  a glossy woollen cloth chequered on one side [史义]单面闪色花呢 [16th c.: origin unknown]

calamander /ˈkæləmændə/ n.  a fine-grained red-brown ebony streaked with black, from the Asian tree Diospyros qualsita, used in furniture 乌木(柿树属乔木，产于亚洲，其木材木纹精细呈红褐色，用于制作木器家具) [19th c.: Sinhalese kalu-madīriya]

calamari /kæləˈmɑ:ri/ n. pl.  squid served as food 枪乌贼，鱿鱼 [Italian calamari (pl. of calamaro), or modern Greek kalamari: cf. CALAMARY]

calamary /ˈkæləməri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic  a squid, esp. one of the genus Loligo [古义]乌贼，鱿鱼(尤指枪乌贼) [medieval Latin calamarium ‘pen-case’ from Latin calamus ‘pen’, with reference to its long tapering horny internal shell]

calamine /ˈkæləmain/ n.  1  a pink powder consisting of zinc carbonate and ferric oxide, used in lotions and ointments 炉甘石，异极石(一种含有碳酸锌和氧化铁的粉红色粉末，用于洗剂或软膏) 2  a zinc ore, esp. zinc carbonate as a mineral 锌矿石(尤指天然碳酸锌) [Middle English via French from medieval Latin calamina, alteration of Latin cadmia: see CADMIUM]

calamint /ˈkæləmint/ n.  an aromatic herb or shrub of the former genus Calamintha (now Clinopodium, mint family) 风轮菜(唇形科草本植物或灌木) [Middle English via Old French calament, medieval Latin calamentum, and Late Latin calaminthe from Greek kalaminthē]

calamity /kəˈlæmiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a disaster, a great misfortune 灾难，灾祸 2  a  adversity 厄运，逆境b  deep distress 痛苦，悲伤 □ calamitous  adj.  □ calamitously  adv.   [Middle English via French calamité from Latin calamitas -tatis]

Calamity Jane n.  a prophet of disaster “灾星”杰恩 (Martha Jane Burke 的绰号) [the nickname of Martha Jane Burke (d. 1903), American frontierswoman and markswoman]

calando /kəˈlændəʊ/ adv. Mus.  gradually decreasing in speed and volume 【音】(速度和音量)渐慢渐弱地 [Italian, = slackening]

calash /kəˈlæʃ/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a  a light low-wheeled carriage with a removable folding hood 折篷轻便马车b  the folding hood itself (马车等的)折篷 2 Canad.  a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle [加]双轮马车 3  a woman's hooped silk hood 折篷式女兜帽 [French calèche via German Kalesche from Polish kolaska or Czech kolesa, from kolo ‘wheel’]

calc- /kælk/ comb. form  lime or calcium [构词成分]钙；石灰 [German Kalk from Latin CALX]

calcaneus /kælˈkeiniəs/ n. (also 亦作 calcaneum /-niəm/) (pl. calcanei /-niai/ or calcanea /-niə/)  the bone forming the heel 跟骨 [Latin]

calcareous /kælˈkɛəriəs/ adj. (also 亦作 calcarious)  of or containing calcium carbonate; chalky 钙质的，石灰质的 [Latin calcarius (as CALX)]

calceolaria /kælsiəˈlɛəriə/ n.  a plant of the S. American genus Calceolaria (figwort family), with slipper-shaped flowers 蒲包花(南美洲蒲包花属植物，其花朵形似拖鞋) [modern Latin, from Latin calceolus, diminutive of calceus ‘shoe’ + -aria fem. = -ARY1]

calceolate /ˈkælsiəleit/ adj. Bot.  slipper-shaped 【植】鞋状的，拖鞋状的

calces pl.  of CALX  

calcicole /ˈkælsikəʊl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  growing best in calcareous soil 钙生的，适合生长于钙质土壤的 ●n.  a calcicole plant 钙生植物 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + colere ‘inhabit’]

calciferol /kælˈsifərɒl/ n.  one of the D vitamins, routinely added to dairy products, essential for the deposition of calcium in bones Also called 亦称作 ergocalciferol, vitamin D2 钙化醇，骨化醇 [CALCIFEROUS + -OL1]

calciferous /kælˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj.  yielding calcium salts, esp. calcium carbonate 形成钙盐的，(尤指)形成碳酸钙的 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + -FEROUS]

calcifuge /ˈkælsifju:dʒ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not suited to calcareous soil 不适于钙质土壤的 ●n.  a calcifuge plant 避钙植物，嫌钙植物 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + -FUGE]

calcify /ˈkælsifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  1  harden or become hardened by deposition of calcium salts; petrify (使)硬化，(使)钙化，(使)骨化 2  convert or be converted to calcium carbonate (被)转换成碳酸钙 □ calcific  /-ˈsifik/ adj.  □ calcification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

calcine /ˈkælsain, -sin/ v.  1 tr.  a  reduce, oxidize, or desiccate by strong heat (通过高温)使缩小(氧化或脱水)b  burn to ashes; consume by fire; roast 使煅烧，使焙烧(指烧成粉末或灰)，烘烤c  reduce to calcium oxide by roasting or burning (烘焙或燃烧)成氧化钙 2 tr.  consume or purify as if by fire (用火)烧毁(或提纯) 3 intr.  undergo any of these 煅烧，焙烧 □ calcination  /-siˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French calciner or medieval Latin calcinare from Late Latin calcina ‘lime’, from Latin CALX]

calcite /ˈkælsait/ n.  natural crystalline calcium carbonate 方解石(一种天然晶状碳酸钙) [German Calcit from Latin CALX ‘lime’]

calcium /ˈkælsiəm/ n.  a soft grey metallic element of the alkaline earth group occurring naturally in limestone, chalk, gypsum, etc., and whose ions and salts are essential to life (symbol 符 Ca) (化学元素)钙 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + -IUM]

calcium carbonate n.  a white insoluble solid occurring naturally as chalk, limestone, marble, and calcite, forming mollusc shells and stony corals, and used in the manufacture of lime and cement 碳酸钙

calcium hydroxide n.  a white crystalline powder used in the manufacture of plaster and cement; slaked lime 氢氧化钙，熟石灰

calcium oxide n.  a white solid alkaline compound, commonly produced in the form of quicklime (see 见 LIME1 1) Also called 亦称作 calx 氧化钙，(生)石灰

calcium phosphate n.  the main constituent of animal bones, used as bone ash fertilizer 磷酸钙(动物骨头的主要成分，骨灰可用作肥料)

calcium sulphate n.  a white crystalline solid occurring as anhydrite and gypsum 硫酸钙

calcrete /ˈkælkri:t/ n. Geol.  a conglomerate formed by the cementation of sand and gravel with calcium carbonate 【地质】钙质结砾岩 [CALC- + concrete]

calcspar /ˈkælkspɑ:/ n.  = CALCITE  [CALC- + SPAR3]

calculable /ˈkælkjʊləb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be calculated or estimated 可计算的；可估计的 □ calculability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ calculably  adv.  

calculate /ˈkælkjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  ascertain or determine beforehand, esp. by mathematics or by reckoning (尤指通过数学或计数的方法)估计，预测 2 tr.  plan deliberately 计划，筹划 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  rely on; make an essential part of one's reckoning 盼望，指望  calculated on a quick response  望速回音 4 tr. N. Amer. colloq.  suppose, believe [北美口]认为，以为 □ calculative  /-lətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin calculare (as CALCULUS)]

calculated /ˈkælkjʊleitid/ adj.  1 (of an action) done with awareness of the likely consequences (指行动)蓄意的，故意作出的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  designed or suitable; intended 精心设计的；适合的；蓄意的 □ calculatedly  adv.  

calculating /ˈkælkjʊleitiŋ/ adj. (of a person) shrewd, scheming (指人)精明的，狡猾的 □ calculatingly  adv.  

calculation /kælkjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of calculating 计算；计算过程 2  a result got by calculating 计算结果 3  a reckoning or forecast 估计；预测 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin calculatio (as CALCULATE)]

calculator /ˈkælkjʊleitə/ n.  1  a device (esp. a small electronic one) used for making mathematical calculations 计算器(尤指小型电子计算器) 2  a person or thing that calculates 计算者；计算器 3  a set of tables used in calculation (计算中使用的)计算表 [Middle English from Latin (as CALCULATE)]

calculus /ˈkælkjʊləs/ n. (pl. calculuses or calculi /-lai, -li:/)  1  a  a particular method of calculation or reasoning 演算法，计算法  calculus of probabilities  概率演算b Math.  the infinitesimal calculuses of integration or differentiation (see 见 INTEGRAL CALCULUS, DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) 【数】微积分(学) 2  a Med.  a stone or concretion of minerals formed within the body, esp. in the kidney or gall bladder 【医】(人体内的)石，结石(尤指肾或膀胱结石)b  = TARTAR 1  □ calculous  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Latin, = small stone used in reckoning on an abacus]

Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ n.  加尔各答 [印度港市]

caldera /kɒlˈdɛərə, -ˈdiərə/ n.  a large volcanic crater, esp. one whose breadth greatly exceeds that of the vent or vents within it 破火山口(其大小远远超出其中的喷发口) [Spanish from Late Latin caldaria ‘boiling-pot’]

caldron var.  of CAULDRON  CAULDRON 的变体

Caledonian /kæliˈdəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Scotland 苏格兰的；关于苏格兰的 2 Geol.  of a mountain-forming period in Europe in the Palaeozoic era 【地质】加里东(即古生代时欧洲造山运动时期)的 ●n.  a Scotsman 苏格兰人 [Caledonia the Latin name for northern Britain]

calefacient /kæliˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. Med. 【医】  ●n.  any substance producing or causing a sensation of warmth 发暖剂 ●adj.  having this property 发暖的，使暖的 [Latin calefacere, from calēre ‘be warm’ + facere ‘make’]

calendar /ˈkælində/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a system by which the beginning, length, and subdivisions of the year are fixed 历法 2  a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving special seasonal information 日历，历书 3  a timetable or programme of appointments, special events, etc. (记录约见、特殊事件等的)日程表，记事录 4  a list or register, esp. of canonized saints, cases for trial, etc. 议案一览表(尤指封圣、待审案件等) ●v. tr.  register or enter in a calendar or timetable etc. 把…排进日程表，把…记入记事录 □ calendric  /-ˈlendrik/ adj.  □ calendrical  /-ˈlendrik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French calender, Old French calendier from Latin calendarium ‘account book’ (as CALENDS)]

calendar month  see 见 MONTH 1 

calendar year  see 见 YEAR 2 

calender /ˈkælində/ n. & v. ●n.  a machine in which cloth, paper, etc., is pressed by rollers to glaze or smooth it (布、纸等的)轧光机，压光机 ●v. tr.  press in a calender 轧光，压光 [French calendre(r), of unknown origin]

calends /ˈkælindz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 kalends)  the first of the month in the ancient Roman calendar (古罗马历法中)每月的第一天 [Middle English via Old French calendes from Latin kalendae, the first day of the month, when the order of days was proclaimed, from the base of Latin calare, Greek kalein ‘call, proclaim’]

calendula /kəˈlendjʊlə/ n.  any plant of the genus Calendula (daisy family), with large yellow or orange flowers, e.g. marigold 金盏花属植物(雏菊科植物，开黄色或橙色大花朵，如万寿菊) [modern Latin diminutive of calendae (as CALENDS), perhaps = little clock]

calenture /ˈkæl(ə)ntjʊə/ n. hist.  a tropical delirium of sailors, who imagine the sea to be green fields [史义] (水手的热带)谵妄，热病 [French, from Spanish calentura ‘fever’ from calentar ‘be hot’, ultimately from Latin calēre ‘be warm’]

calf1 /kɑ:f/ n. (pl. calves /kɑ:vz/)  1 (used esp. of domestic cattle) a young bovine animal (尤指家畜)小牛，牛犊 2  the young of other animals, e.g. elephant, deer, and whale (大象、鹿、鲸鱼等的)仔，幼兽 3 Naut.  a floating piece of ice detached from an iceberg 【海】仔冰，幼冰(脱离冰山的浮冰块) □ in (or with) calf  (of a cow) pregnant (奶牛)怀了小牛的，怀孕的□ calflike  adj.   [Old English cœlf, from West Germanic]

calf2 /kɑ:f/ n. (pl. calves /kɑ:vz/)  the fleshy hind part of the human leg below the knee 腓肠(俗称腿肚) □ -calved  /kɑ:vd/ adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old Norse kɑˊlfi, of unknown origin]

calf-length adj. (of a garment) reaching down to the calves (衣服)齐腿肚子的

calf love n.  romantic attachment or affection between adolescents 早恋(少男少女之间浪漫的爱慕之情)

calfskin /ˈkɑ:fskin/ n.  calf leather, esp. in bookbinding and shoemaking 小牛皮，小牛皮革(尤指书本装订和制鞋用皮革)

calibrate /ˈkælibreit/ v. tr.  1  mark (a gauge) with a standard scale of readings 标定(测量仪器的)计量单位 2  correlate the readings of (an instrument) with a standard 调整，校准(仪器)，使标准化 3  determine the calibre of 测定…的口径 4  determine the correct capacity or value of 确定…的容量(或价值) □ calibrator  n.   [CALIBRE + -ATE3]

calibration /kæliˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of calibrating something 标定；校准；调整 2  each of a set of graduations on an instrument etc. 刻度

calibre /ˈkælibə, kəˈli:bə/ n. (US [美] caliber)  1  a  the internal diameter of a gun or tube (枪炮的)口径；(筒、管的)内径b  the diameter of a bullet or shell (子弹或炮弹的)直径 2  strength or quality of character; ability, importance 人格力量；品性；能力；重要性  we need someone of your calibre  我们需要一个具有你那种能力的人 □ calibred  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [French calibre or Italian calibro, from Arabic kɑˉlib ‘mould’]

caliche /kəˈli:tʃi/ n.  1  a mineral deposit of gravel, sand, and nitrates, esp. Chile saltpetre, found in dry areas of America 钙积层(尤指美洲干旱地区的智利硝石) 2  = CALCRETE  [Latin American Spanish]

calico /ˈkælikəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -oes or N. Amer. [北美] -os)  1 Brit.  a cotton cloth, esp. plain white or unbleached [英]白棉布(尤指本白或未漂白的布) 2 N. Amer.  a printed cotton fabric [北美]印花棉布 ●adj.  1  made of calico 用白棉布做的 2 N. Amer.  multicoloured, piebald [北美]杂色的，有花斑的 [earlier calicut from Calicut (now Kozhikode), a city and port in India from which the cloth was exported]

Calif. abbr.  California [缩略] (美国)加利福尼亚州

California condor  see 见 CONDOR 2 

Californian /kæliˈfɔ:niən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to California, a state on the Pacific coast of N. America 加利福尼亚(美国太平洋沿岸之一州)的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of California 加利福尼亚人

Californian poppy n.  a plant of the poppy family, Eschscholtzia californica, grown for its brilliant yellow or orange flowers 花菱草，金英花，人参花(花菱草属植物，花朵鲜艳，黄色或橙色)

californium /kæliˈfɔ:niəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially from curium (symbol 符 Cf) 【化】(化学元素)锎 [California (where it was first made) + -IUM]

caliper var.  of CALLIPER  CALLIPER 的变体

caliph /ˈkeilif, ˈkæ-/ n. esp. hist.  the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad [尤史义]哈里发(穆斯林国家政教合一的领袖，被认为是穆罕默德的继承人) □ caliphate  n.   [Middle English via Old French caliphe from Arabic Kalīfa ‘successor’]

calisthenics var.  of CALLISTHENICS  CALLISTHENICS 的变体

calk US var.  of CAULK [美] CAULK 的变体

call /kɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  cry, shout; speak loudly 呼喊，喊叫；大声说出b (of a bird or animal) emit its characteristic note or cry (鸟兽)鸣，啼；吼 2 tr.  communicate or converse with by telephone or radio 打电话给；(通过广播)交谈，谈话 3 tr.  a  bring to one's presence by calling; summon 传唤，招呼  will you call the children?  你把孩子们叫来好吗？b  arrange for (a person or thing) to come or be present 请(某人)前来；安排(某物)前来  called a taxi  叫了一辆出租车 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in, on) esp. Brit.  pay a brief visit [尤英]进行简短的拜访  called at the house  到家里去拜访 called in to see you  到府上去看望你 come and call on me  来看看我 5 tr.  a  order to take place; fix a time for 召集，召开  called a meeting  召开会议b  direct to happen; announce 下令；宣布  call a halt  宣布停止 6  a intr.  require one's attention or consideration 要求(注意或考虑)  duty calls  职责的召唤b tr.  urge, invite, nominate 鼓励；邀请；提名  call to the bar  给予律师资格 7 tr.  name; describe as 取名为；把…说成  call her Della  叫她德拉 8 tr.  consider; regard or estimate as 认为；看作；估计  I call that silly  我认为那样很愚蠢 9 tr.  rouse from sleep 唤醒，叫醒  call me at eight o'clock  8 点钟把我叫醒 10 intr.  guess the outcome of tossing a coin etc. 猜测(抛硬币等的)结果 11 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  order, require, demand 命令；要求  called for silence  要求肃静 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  read out (a list of names to determine those present) 点名 13 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  invoke; appeal to; request or require 恳求；号召；要求  called on us to be quiet  要求我们安静 14 tr. Cricket (of an umpire) disallow a ball from (a bowler) 【板球】(裁判员)判定进球无效 15 tr. Cards  specify (a suit or contract) in bidding 【牌戏】叫(同花色的一组)牌 16 tr. Sc.  drive (an animal, vehicle, etc.) [苏格兰]赶(动物、车等) 17 tr. (in country dancing etc.) announce (the next figure or set of steps) by shouting rhythmically (乡村舞蹈等中有节奏地)喊出(舞步的指示) ●n.  1  a shout or cry; an act of calling 呼喊，喊叫 2  a  the characteristic cry of a bird or animal (鸟兽的)鸣叫声b  an imitation of this 模仿鸟兽的叫声c  an instrument for imitating it 模仿鸟兽叫声的乐器 3  a brief visit 短暂访问，拜访  paid them a call  拜访了他们 4  a  an act of telephoning 打电话b  a telephone conversation (一次)电话，通话 5  a  an invitation or summons to appear or be present 邀请；召集；召唤b  an appeal or invitation (from a specific source or discerned by a person's conscience etc.) to follow a certain profession, set of principles, etc. 呼吁；感召 6 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  a duty, need, or occasion 职责；需要；必要  no call to be rude  没有必要粗鲁无礼 no call for violence  没有必要动武 7 (foll. by 后跟 for, on)  a demand 要求；需求  not much call for it these days  现在不怎么需要它了 a call on one's time  需要某人花费时间 8  a signal on a bugle etc.; a signalling whistle 军号声；(发信号的)哨声 9 Stock Exch.  an option of buying stock at a fixed price at a given date 【股】期权(指按规定价格在规定日期购买股票的权利) 10 Cards 【牌戏】  a  a player's right or turn to make a bid 叫牌权，吊牌权(或机会)b  a bid made 叫牌，吊牌 11 (in country dancing etc.) a direction called to the dancers (乡村舞蹈等中的)舞步指示 □ at call   = on call □ call away   divert, distract 转移，分散(某人的注意力等)□ call a person's bluff   see 见 BLUFF1 □ call down   1  invoke 恳求，祈求 2  reprimand 申斥，斥责□ call forth   elicit 引起；使产生□ call in  tr.  1  withdraw from circulation (从流通中)收回 2  seek the advice or services of 召来；召去□ call in (or into) question   dispute; doubt the validity of 争论，争吵；怀疑…的正确性□ call into play   give scope for; make use of 提供机会；利用□ call it a day   see 见 DAY □ call a person names   abuse a person verbally 谩骂某人□ call off   1  cancel (an arrangement etc.) 取消(安排等) 2  order (an attacker or pursuer) to desist 命令(进攻者或追击者)停止行动□ call of nature   a need to urinate or defecate 要小便(或大便)的感觉□ call out   1  summon (troops etc.) to action 召集(部队等)行动 2  order (workers) to strike 下令(工人)罢工□ call the shots (or tune)   be in control; take the initiative 操纵，控制；定调子；采取主动，首先采取行动□ call a spade a spade   see 见 SPADE1 □ call to account   see 见 ACCOUNT □ call to mind   recollect; cause one to remember 回忆，回想起；使…记起□ call to order   1  request to be orderly 要求保持秩序 2  declare (a meeting) open 宣布(会议)开幕□ call up   1  reach by telephone 打电话给 2  imagine, recollect 想像；回忆 3  summon, esp. to serve in the army 召集；(尤指)征召…入伍□ on call   1 (of a doctor etc.) available if required but not formally on duty (医生等)随叫随到的，听候召唤的 2 (of money lent) repayable on demand (借款)要求即付的，即期支付的□ within call   near enough to be summoned by calling 在附近(可听到呼唤的地方) [Old English ceallian from Old Norse kalla]

calla /ˈkælə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 calla lily)  = ARUM LILY  2  an aquatic plant, Calla palustris 海芋；水芋(一种水生海芋属植物) [modern Latin]

call box n. esp. Brit.  a public telephone box or kiosk [尤英]公用电话亭

call-boy n.  1  a theatre attendant who summons actors when needed on stage (到化妆间提醒演员出场的)催场员 2  a male prostitute who accepts appointments by telephone (电话应召)男妓

caller /ˈkɔ:lə/ n.  1  a person who pays a visit or makes a telephone call 拜访者；打电话者 2  a person who calls out numbers in a game, directions in a dance, etc. (游戏中)喊节拍的人；(舞蹈等中)喊口令者 3 Austral.  a racing commentator [澳]赛马(车)评论员，解说员

call-girl n.  a prostitute who accepts appointments by telephone 电话应召妓女

calligraphy /kəˈliɡrəfi/ n.  1  handwriting, esp. when fine or pleasing (尤指优美悦目的)书写 2  the art of handwriting 书法艺术 □ calligrapher  n.  □ calligraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ calligraphist  n.   [Greek kalligraphia from kallos ‘beauty’ + graphia ‘writing’]

calling /ˈkɔ:liŋ/ n.  1  a profession or occupation 职业，行业 2  an inwardly felt call or summons; a vocation (心灵深处感到的)召唤；天职

calling card n. N. Amer. [北美]  = VISITING CARD 

calliope /kəˈlaiəpi/ n.  an American keyboard instrument resembling an organ, with a set of steam whistles producing musical notes 汽笛风琴(一种类似于风琴的美国键盘乐器，由一组汽笛发出乐声) [Greek Kalliopē, the name of the Muse of epic poetry (literally ‘beautiful-voiced’)]

calliper /ˈkælipə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 caliper) ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  compasses with bowed legs for measuring the diameter of convex bodies, or with out-turned points for measuring internal dimensions 卡钳，卡尺；测径规；弯脚圆规 2 (in full 全称 calliper splint)  a metal splint to support the leg 双脚规(一种用于夹腿的金属夹) ●v. tr.  measure with callipers 用(卡钳、卡尺、测径规等)测量 [apparently variant of CALIBRE]

callisthenics /kælisˈθeniks/ n. pl. (US [美] calisthenics)  gymnastic exercises to achieve bodily fitness and grace of movement 健美操，健身操 □ callisthenic  adj.   [Greek kallos ‘beauty’ + sthenos ‘strength’]

callop /ˈkæləp/ n. Austral.  a gold-coloured freshwater fish, Plectroplites ambiguus, used as food Also called 亦称作 GOLDEN PERCH [澳]澳洲淡水岩鲈 [perhaps Aboriginal (S. Australia)]

callosity /kəˈlɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a hard thick area of skin usu. occurring in parts of the body subject to pressure or friction (通常身体某些部位因受压或摩擦而形成的)硬皮，老茧 [French callosité or Latin callositas, from callosus (as CALLUS)]

callous /ˈkæləs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unfeeling, insensitive 麻木的，无感觉的 2 (of skin) hardened or hard (皮肤)有硬皮的，长老茧的；变硬的 ●n.  = CALLUS 1  □ calloused  adj.  □ callously  adv. (in sense 1 of adj. 用于形容词释义 1)  □ callousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin callosus (as CALLUS) or French calleux]

call-out n.  an instance of being called out, esp. in order to rescue, do repairs, etc. 接到呼叫而出门；(尤指)出诊(尤指去急救)；上门维修 often 常作 attrib.: call-out charge  出诊费

call-over n. Brit. [英]  1  a roll-call 点名 2  reading aloud of a list of betting prices 大声宣读输赢赌注差额单

callow /ˈkæləʊ/ adj.  inexperienced, immature 无经验的；不成熟的 □ callowly  adv.  □ callowness  n.   [Old English calu ‘bald’ (the earliest sense, hence ‘unfledged, immature’)]

call sign n. (also 亦作 call signal)  a broadcast signal identifying the radio transmitter used (电台的)呼叫信号，呼号

calluna /kəˈlu:nə/ n.  the common heather, Calluna vulgaris, native to Europe and N. Africa 欧石南(杜鹃花科植物，原产于欧洲和北非) [modern Latin from Greek kallunō beautify from kallos ‘beauty’]

call-up n.  the act or process of calling up (see 见 call up 3) (兵役的)征召，征集

callus /ˈkæləs/ n.  1  a hard thick area of skin or tissue 硬皮，老茧 2  a hard tissue formed round bone ends after a fracture 骨痂 3 Bot.  a new protective tissue formed over a wound 【植】愈伤组织；胼胝体 [Latin callum, callus ‘hardened skin’]

calm /kɑ:m/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  tranquil, quiet, windless 宁静的，安静的；平静的，无风的  a calm sea  风平浪静的海面 a calm night  宁静的夜晚 2 (of a person or disposition) settled; not agitated (人或性情)镇静的；不激动的  remained calm throughout the ordeal  磨难中始终保持镇静 3  self-assured, confident 自信的，有信心的  his calm assumption that we would wait  他充满自信地认为我们会等待 ●n.  1  a state of being calm; stillness, serenity 镇静；安静，宁静 2  a  a period without wind or storm 平静；无风(或风暴)b Meteorol.  absence of wind, force 0 on the Beaufort scale 【气】无风，(博福特风级)零级风 3 (in pl. 用复数)  an area, esp. of the sea, with predominantly calm weather 无风带(尤指风平浪静的海区) ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  make or become calm 使平静；使宁静；使镇静 □ calmly  adv.  □ calmness  n.   [Middle English, ultimately via Late Latin cauma from Greek kauma ‘heat’ (of the day)]

calmative /ˈkɑ:mətiv, ˈkæl-/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  tending to calm or sedate 镇静的 ●n.  a calmative drug etc. 镇静剂

calomel /ˈkæləmel/ n.  mercury chloride, Hg2Cl2, a white powder formerly used as a purgative 甘汞，氯化甘汞(一种白色粉末，以前曾用作泻药) [modern Latin, perhaps from Greek kalos ‘beautiful’ + melas ‘black’, perhaps because originally obtained from a black mixture of mercury and mercuric chloride]

Calor gas /ˈkælə/ n. Brit. propr.  liquefied butane gas stored under pressure in containers for domestic use and used as a substitute for mains gas [英] [商标]卡乐燃气(一种罐装家用液化气) [Latin calor ‘heat’]

caloric /kəˈlɒrik, ˈkælərik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of heat or calories 热(量)的，(热量)卡的 ●n. hist.  a supposed material form or cause of heat [史义]热质(一种假想的生热物质) [French calorique from Latin calor ‘heat’]

calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. (also 亦作 calory) (pl. -ies) a unit of heat energy 卡路里(热量单位):  1 (in full 全称 small calorie)  the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C (now usu. defined as 4.1868 joules 现通常定义为 4.1868 焦耳) (abbr. 缩略 : cal) 小卡(使 1 克水的温度上升 1 摄氏度所需的热能) 2 (in full 全称 large calorie)  the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1°C, often used to measure the energy value of foods;  also called 亦称作 kilocalorie  (abbr. 缩略 : Cal) 大卡(使 1 千克水的温度上升 1 摄氏度所需的能量，常用于测量食品的热量值) [French, an arbitrary formation from Latin calor ‘heat’ + -ie]

calorific /kæləˈrifik/ adj.  producing heat 生热的，产热的 □ calorifically  adv.   [Latin calorificus from calor ‘heat’]

calorific value n.  the amount of heat produced by a specified quantity of fuel, food, etc. (燃料、食品等)发热值，发热量

calorimeter /kæləˈrimitə/ n.  any of various instruments for measuring quantity of heat, esp. to find calorific values 热量计，量热器 □ calorimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ calorimetry  n.   [Latin calor ‘heat’ + -METER]

calory var.  of CALORIE  CALORIE 的变体

calque /kælk/ n. Philol. 【语文】  = LOAN-TRANSLATION  [French, = copy, tracing, from calquer ‘trace’, ultimately from Latin calcare ‘tread’]

caltrop /ˈkæltrəp/ n. (also 亦作 caltrap)  1 hist.  a four-spiked iron ball thrown on the ground to impede cavalry horses [史义] (用来阻挡骑兵的)铁蒺藜 2 Heraldry  a representation of this 【纹章学】铁蒺藜(图形) 3  any creeping plant of the genus Tribulus, with woody carpels usu. having hard spines 矢车菊；蒺藜；欧菱(蒺藜属蔓生植物) [(sense 3) Old English calcatrippe from medieval Latin calcatrippa: (senses 1 － 2) Middle English from Old French chauchetrape from chauchier ‘tread’, trappe ‘trap’: ultimately the same word, perhaps from Latin calx ‘heel’ + a base meaning ‘trap’ (cf. TRAP1)]

calumet /ˈkæljʊmet/ n.  a N. American Indian peace pipe (北美印第安人的)和平烟斗 [French, ultimately from Latin calamus ‘reed’ (referring to the pipe's reed stem)]

calumniate /kəˈlʌmnieit/ v. tr.  slander 诽谤，中伤 □ calumniation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ calumniator  n.  □ calumniatory  adj.   [Latin calumniari]

calumny /ˈkæləmni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  slander; malicious representation 诽谤，中伤 2  an instance of this 诽谤行为 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  slander 诽谤，中伤 □ calumnious  /kəˈlʌmniəs/ adj.   [Latin calumnia]

calvados /ˈkælvədɒs/ n.  an apple brandy 陈年苹果白兰地(产于法国诺曼底) [name of a department of Normandy, France, where it is made.]

Calvary /ˈkælv(ə)ri/ n.  the place where Christ was crucified 髑髅地(耶稣被钉死于十字架之处) [Middle English from Late Latin calvaria ‘skull’, translation of Greek golgotha, Aramaic gûlgûltɑˆ (Matthew 27:33)]

calve /kɑ:v/ v.  1  a intr.  give birth to a calf 生小牛，产犊b tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  give birth to (a calf) 生(小牛)，产(犊) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of an iceberg) break off or shed (a mass of ice) (冰山)裂冰，崩解 [Old English calfian]

calves pl.  of CALF1 , CALF2 

Calvinism /ˈkælviniz(ə)m/ n.  the theology of the French theologian J. Calvin (d. 1564) or his followers, in which predestination and justification by faith are important elements 加尔文主义(法国神学家加尔文[卒于 1564 年]或其追随者的神学学说，其重要教义包括信仰上的命定论和正当论) □ Calvinist  n.  □ Calvinistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ Calvinistical  /-ˈnistik(ə)l/ adj.   [French calvinisme or modern Latin calvinismus]

calx /kælks/ n. (pl. calces /ˈkælsi:z/)  1  a powdery metallic oxide formed when an ore or mineral has been heated 金属灰，矿灰(矿石或矿物加热后产生的粉末状金属氧化物) 2  calcium oxide 氧化钙，生石灰 [Latin calx calcis ‘lime’, probably from Greek khalix ‘pebble, limestone’]

calypso /kəˈlipsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a kind of West Indian music in syncopated African rhythm, usu. improvised on a topical theme 即兴讽刺音乐(西印度群岛的一种以多切分音的非洲节奏谱成的音乐，通常由时事即兴表演) 2  a song in this style 即兴讽刺歌曲 [20th c.: origin unknown]

calyx /ˈkæliks, ˈkei-/ n. (also 亦作 calix) (pl. calyces /-lisi:z/ or calyxes)  1 Bot.  the sepals collectively, forming the protective layer of a flower in bud 【植】花萼(花蕾的保护层) 2 Biol.  any cuplike cavity or structure 【生】杯状空腔(或结构) [Latin, from Greek kalux ‘case of bud, husk’, from the base of kaluptein ‘to hide’]

calzone /kælˈtsəʊni, 意 kalˈtso:nɛ/ n. (pl. calzoni or calzones)  a type of pizza that is folded to contain a filling 半圆形烤馅饼(比萨饼的一种) [Italian dialect, probably related to calzone ‘trouser leg’]

cam /kæm/ n.  a projection on a rotating part in machinery, shaped to impart reciprocal or variable motion to the part in contact with it (机器转动部件上的)凸轮 [Dutch kam ‘comb’, as in kamrad ‘cogwheel’]

camaraderie /kæməˈrɑ:d(ə)ri, -ri:/ n.  mutual trust and sociability among friends 友谊；同志情谊 [French, from camarade COMRADE]

camarilla /kæməˈrilə, -ljə/ n.  a cabal or clique 派系，阴谋小集团 [Spanish, diminutive of camara ‘chamber’]

camber /ˈkæmbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the slightly convex or arched shape of the surface of a road, ship's deck, aircraft wing, etc. (道路、轮船甲板、飞机机翼等表面的)中凸形；反弯度，反拱 2 Brit. [英]  = BANK1n. 4a  3  the slight sideways inclination of the front wheel of a motor vehicle (汽车前轮稍微的)外倾 ●v.  1 intr. (of a surface) have a camber (表面)拱起 2 tr.  give a camber to; build with a camber 使成中凸形；使拱起 [Old French cambre ‘arched’ from Latin camurus ‘curved inwards’]

Camberwell Beauty /ˈkæmbəwel ˈbju:ti/ n. Brit.  a butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa, with deep purple yellow-bordered wings [英]黄缘蛱蝶(蛱蝶属昆虫，其翅膀为深紫色，带黄边) [named after Camberwell in London]

cambium /ˈkæmbiəm/ n. (pl. cambia /-biə/ or cambiums) Bot.  a cellular plant tissue responsible for the increase in girth of stems and roots 【植】形成层(负责植物茎干和根部的增长) □ cambial  adj.   [medieval Latin, = change, exchange]

Cambodia   柬埔寨

Cambodian /kæmˈbəʊdiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Cambodia (Kampuchea) in SE Asia 柬埔寨人b  a person of Cambodian descent 柬埔寨裔 2  the language of Cambodia 柬埔寨语 ●adj.  of or relating to Cambodia or its people or language See also 另见 KAMPUCHEAN 柬埔寨的；柬埔寨人的；柬埔寨语的

Cambrian /ˈkæmbriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  Welsh 威尔士的 2 Geol.  of or relating to the first period in the Palaeozoic era, marked by the occurrence of many forms of invertebrate life (including trilobites and brachiopods) 【地质】寒武纪的(古生代的第一个纪，以许多无脊椎动物的出现为标志，包括三叶虫和腕足动物) ●n.  this period or system 寒武纪；寒武系(寒武纪形成的岩石) [Latin Cambria, variant of Cumbria, from Welsh Cymry ‘Welshman’ or Cymru ‘Wales’]

cambric /ˈkæmbrik, ˈkeim-/ n.  a fine white linen or cotton fabric (白色)细麻纱，细棉纱 [Kamerijk, Flemish form of Cambrai in N. France, where it was originally made]

Cambridge blue /ˈkeimbridʒ/ n. & adj. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  a pale blue 剑桥蓝(一种浅蓝色) 2  = BLUE1n. 3a  ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 剑桥蓝的，浅蓝色的 [adopted by Cambridge University in S. England]

Cambs. abbr.  Cambridgeshire [缩略] (英国)剑桥郡

camcorder /ˈkæmkɔ:də/ n.  a combined video camera and video recorder 摄像放像机 [camera + recorder]

came past  of COME  

camel /ˈkæm(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a large cud-chewing mammal, domesticated in parts of Africa and Asia, with slender legs, broad cushioned feet, and either one or two fatty humps on the back See also 另见 ARABIAN CAMEL, BACTRIAN CAMEL 骆驼 2  a yellowish-fawn colour 驼色，浅棕色 3  an apparatus for providing additional buoyancy to ships etc. (为船只等提供额外浮力的)起重浮箱 ●adj.  yellowish fawn 浅黄褐色的 [Old English via Latin camelus from Greek kamēlos, of Semitic origin]

cameleer /kæməˈliə/ n.  a camel driver 赶驼人

camel-hair n. (also 亦作 camel's-hair)  1  the hair of a camel 驼毛 2  a  a fine soft hair used in artists' brushes (艺术家画笔中)细软的毛b  a fabric made of this 驼绒；驼绒织物 often 常作 attrib.: camel-hair coat  驼绒外套

camellia /kəˈmi:liə, -ˈmeliə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Camellia, native to E. Asia, with shiny leaves and showy flowers 山茶树(常青灌木，原产地为东亚，叶子有光泽，花朵艳丽) [named after J. Camellus or Kamel, 17th-c. Jesuit botanist]

camelopard /ˈkæmilə(ʊ)pɑ:d, kəˈmeləpɑ:d/ n. archaic  a giraffe [古义]驼豹(长颈鹿的旧名) [Latin camelopardus from Greek kamēlopardalis (as CAMEL, PARD)]

camelry /ˈkæm(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies)  troops mounted on camels 骆驼骑兵部队

Camembert /ˈkæmãbɛə, ˈkæməmbɛə/ n.  a kind of rich soft creamy cheese 卡芒贝尔干酪(一种法国产软干酪) [Camembert in N. France, where it was originally made]

cameo /ˈkæmiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a small piece of onyx or other hard stone carved in relief with a background of a different colour 多彩浮雕宝石b  a similar relief design using other materials (用其他材料制作的)多彩浮雕 2  a  a short descriptive literary sketch or acted scene (文学、戏剧等的)小品，片段b  a small character part in a play or film, usu. brief and played by a distinguished actor (戏剧或电影中通常由名演员饰演的简短的)小角色 [Middle English from Old French camahieu and medieval Latin cammaeus]

camera /ˈkæm(ə)rə/ n.  1  an apparatus for taking photographs, consisting of a lightproof box to hold light-sensitive film, a lens, and a shutter mechanism, either for still photographs or for motion-picture film 照相机；电影摄像机 2 Telev.  a piece of equipment which forms an optical image and converts it into electrical impulses for transmission or storage 【电视】电视摄像机 □ in camera   1 Law  in a judge's private room 【法律】在法官的私室里 2  privately; not in public 私下里；非公开地□ on camera  (esp. of an actor) being filmed or televised at a particular moment (尤指演员在特定时刻)在拍片子，在拍摄电视录像 [originally = chamber: from Latin camera ‘vault, arched chamber’ from Greek kamara]

camera lucida /ˌkæm(ə)rə ˈlu:sidə/ n. (pl. camera lucidas)  an apparatus, now often attached to a microscope, by which an image is reflected on to a screen by a prism as an aid to drawing 投影描绘器，描画镜 [Latin, = bright chamber]

cameraman /ˈkæmrəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who operates a camera professionally, esp. in film-making or television 专业摄影师(尤指电影或电视摄影师)

camera obscura /ˌkæm(ə)rə ɒbsˈkjʊərə/ n. (pl. camera obscuras)  a darkened box or room with a lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object on to a screen inside (照相机的)暗箱，暗室 [Latin, = dark chamber]

camera-ready adj. Printing (of copy) in a form suitable for immediate photographic reproduction 【印刷】(稿件)可立即拍照制版的

camerawork /ˈkæmrəwɜ:k/ n.  the technique of using cameras in films or television (电影或电视)摄影术，摄影技巧

Cameroon   喀麦隆

Cameroonian /ˌkæməˈru:niən/ adj. & n.  喀麦隆的(人)

camiknickers /ˈkæminikəz/ n. pl. Brit.  a one-piece undergarment worn by women [英]连裤女内衣 [CAMISOLE + KNICKERS]

camisole /ˈkæmisəʊl/ n.  a woman's under-bodice, usu. embroidered 背心式女内衣(通常有刺绣) [French from Italian camiciola or Spanish camisola: see CHEMISE]

camomile /ˈkæməmail/ n. (also 亦作 chamomile)  any of several aromatic plants of the daisy family with white and yellow daisy-like flowers, esp. Chamaemelum nobile 黄春菊属植物(几种有香味的雏菊科植物中的任何一种，其花白色、黄色，状如雏菊，尤指罗马洋甘菊) [Middle English via Old French camomille and Late Latin camomilla or chamomilla from Greek khamaimēlon ‘earth-apple’ (from the apple-smell of its flowers)]

camomile tea n.  an infusion of dried camomile flowers 黄春菊花茶

camouflage /ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ, -mʊf-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the disguising of military vehicles, aircraft, ships, artillery, and installations by painting them or covering them to make them blend with their surroundings (军车、飞机、轮船、大炮和装置的)伪装b  such a disguise 伪装物，伪装手段 2  the natural colouring of an animal which enables it to blend in with its surroundings (动物的)保护色 3  a misleading or evasive precaution or expedient (误导或逃避的)防备措施；权宜之计 ●v. tr.  hide or disguise by means of camouflage 伪装；隐蔽起来 [French from camoufler ‘disguise’, from Italian camuffare ‘disguise, deceive’]

camp1 /kæmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place where troops are lodged or trained 兵营，军营b  the military life 军旅生活  court and camp  宫廷与军队 2  temporary overnight lodging in tents etc. in the open (临时在野外帐篷等中过夜)露营，宿营 3  a  temporary accommodation of various kinds, usu. consisting of huts or tents, for detainees, homeless persons, and other emergency use 拘留所；难民营(受拘留者、无家可归者和其他应急所需的临时住所，通常为帐篷或小屋)b  a complex of buildings for holiday accommodation, usu. with extensive recreational facilities (通常有大量娱乐设施、供度假用的)野营，营地 4  an ancient fortified site or its remains 古垒；古垒的遗迹 5  the adherents of a particular party or doctrine regarded collectively 阵营；(某一党派或学说的)拥护者  the Labour camp was jubilant  工党阵营欢欣鼓舞 6 S. Afr.  a portion of veld fenced off for pasture on farms [南非] (草原上有围栏的)牧场 7 Austral. & NZ  an assembly place of sheep or cattle [澳新]牛(或羊)集中地 ●v. intr.  1  set up or spend time in a camp (in senses 1a and 2 of n. 用于名词释义 1a 和 2) 设营；宿营 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  lodge in temporary quarters or in the open (在临时住所或野外)暂住；露宿 3 Austral. & NZ (of sheep or cattle) flock together esp. for rest [澳新] (牛羊等)聚集到一起(尤指过夜) □ camping  n.   [French via Italian campo from Latin campus ‘level ground’]

camp2 /kæmp/ adj., n. & v. colloq. [口] ●adj.  1  affected, effeminate 忸怩的，女人气的 2  homosexual 同性恋的 3  done in an exaggerated way for effect 夸张的，做作的 ●n.  a camp manner or style 女人气的举止，做作的风格 ●v. intr. & tr.  behave or do in a camp way 举止做作，装模作样 □ camp it up   overact; behave affectedly 表演得过火；举止做作□ campy  adj. (campier, campiest)  □ campily  adv.  □ campiness  n.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

campaign /kæmˈpein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an organized course of action for a particular purpose, esp. to arouse public interest (e.g. before a political election) (为特定目的尤指激起公众兴趣的)运动；(政治选举前的)造势运动 2  a  a series of military operations in a definite area or to achieve a particular objective (军事行动中的)战役b  military service in the field 战场服役  on campaign  正在战场服役 ●v. intr.  conduct or take part in a campaign 指挥(或参加)运动；指挥(或参加)战役 □ campaigner  n.   [French campagne ‘open country’ via Italian campagna from Late Latin campania]

campanile /kæmpəˈni:li/ n.  a bell tower (usu. free-standing), esp. in Italy (尤指在意大利) (通常不依附于其他建筑的)钟楼 [Italian from campana ‘bell’]

campanology /kæmpəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of bells 钟学 2  the art or practice of bell-ringing 鸣钟术，鸣钟法 □ campanological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ campanologist  n.   [modern Latin campanologia from Late Latin campana ‘bell’]

campanula /kæmˈpænjʊlə/ n.  any plant of the genus Campanula, with bell-shaped usu. blue, purple, or white flowers Also called 亦称作 bellflower 风铃草，风铃草属植物(花呈铃状，通常为蓝色、紫色或白色) [modern Latin, diminutive of Latin campana ‘bell’]

campanulate /kæmˈpænjʊlət/ adj. Bot.  bell-shaped 【植】钟形的

camp bed n. Brit.  a folding portable bed of a kind used in camping [英]行军床，折叠床

Campeachy wood /kæmˈpi:tʃi/ n.  = LOGWOOD  [Campeche in Mexico, from where it was first exported]

camper /ˈkæmpə/ n.  1  a person who camps out or lives temporarily in a tent, hut, etc., esp. on holiday 野营者；营员 2  a large motor vehicle with accommodation for camping out (装备有野营用品的)野营车

campfire /ˈkæmpfaiə/ n.  an open-air fire in a camp etc. 营火，篝火

camp follower n.  1  a civilian worker in a military camp 随军杂役 2  a disciple or adherent 追随者，依附于…的人

campground /ˈkæmpɡrəʊnd/ n.  = CAMPSITE 

camphor /ˈkæmfə/ n.  a white translucent crystalline volatile substance with aromatic smell and bitter taste, used to make celluloid and in medicine 樟脑，莰酮(一种半透明晶体状白色物质，气味芳香，味苦，用于制作赛璐珞或药品) □ camphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French camphore or medieval Latin camphora from Arabic kɑˉfūr, from Sanskrit karpūram]

camphorate /ˈkæmfəreit/ v. tr.  impregnate or treat with camphor 用樟脑浸渍，用樟脑处理

campion /ˈkæmpiən/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Silene (pink family), with usu. pink or white notched flowers 剪秋罗(石竹科植物，花朵通常为白色或粉红色，呈锯齿状) 2  a similar cultivated plant of the genus Lychnis (人工培植的)剪秋罗属植物 [perhaps from obsolete campion from Old French, = CHAMPION: translation of Greek lukhnis stephanōmatikē, a plant used for (champions') garlands]

campsite /ˈkæmpsait/ n.  a place for camping 营地，宿营地

campus /ˈkæmpəs/ n. (pl. campuses)  1  the grounds and buildings of a university or college 大学(或学院)校园 2  university or college life 大学(或学院)生活 [Latin, = field]

campylobacter /ˈkæmpiləʊˌbæktə, ˌkæmpiləʊˈbæktə/ n.  a curved or spiral bacterium of the genus Campylobacter, esp. as a cause of food poisoning (尤指引起食物中毒的)弯曲(或螺旋形)杆菌属 [modern Latin, from Greek kampulos ‘bent’ + BACTERIUM]

CAMRA /ˈkæmrə/ abbr. Brit.  Campaign for Real Ale [缩略] [英]弘扬传统啤酒运动

camshaft /ˈkæmʃɑ:ft/ n.  a shaft with one or more cams attached to it 凸轮轴

camwood /ˈkæmwʊd/ n.  a red African wood, formerly that of the tree Baphia nitida, now usu. of the African padouk, Pterocarpus soyauxii 卡姆木(贝非属或非洲紫檀属乔木的红色木材) [perhaps from a West African word]

Can. abbr. [缩略]  Canada; Canadian 

can1 /kæn/ v. aux. (3rd sing. present can; past could /kʊd/) (foll. by 后跟 infin. without to, or absol. [含宾]; present and past only in use 仅用于现在和过去时)  1  a  be able to; know how to 能，能够，会  I can run fast; can he?  我能够跑得很快，他能吗？ can you speak German?  你会讲德语吗？b  be potentially capable of 可能，会  you can do it if you try  你尝试一下，就会做了c (in past 用过去时) colloq.  feel inclined to [口]倾向于，有…意向  I could murder him  我都有心宰了他 2  be permitted to 可以；允许…  can we go to the party?  我们可以去参加聚会吗？ [Old English cunnan ‘know’]

can2 /kæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a vessel for holding liquids (盛液体的)容器 2  a tin container in which food or drink is hermetically sealed to enable storage over long periods (密封保藏食品的)马口铁罐头，听头 3 (in pl. 用复数) slang  headphones [俚语]一副耳机 4 (prec. by 前接 the) slang [俚语]  a  prison 监狱  sent to the can  被投入监狱b N. Amer.  lavatory [北美]厕所 ●v. tr. (canned, canning)  1  put or preserve in a can 装罐保存 2  record on film or tape for future use 把…灌制成唱片，为…录音 3 N. Amer. colloq.  remove; dismiss [北美口]解雇，开除  he was canned from his job  他被解雇了 □ in the can  colloq.  completed, ready (originally of filmed or recorded material) [口] (原指拍摄的或录制的材料)完毕的，完成可用的□ canner  n.   [Old English canne]

Canaan /ˈkeinən/ n.  1  a promised land (originally that west of the River Jordan, the Promised Land of the Israelites) 迦南(原在约旦河以西，为以色列人的乐土) 2  heaven 天堂，乐园 [ecclesiastical Latin via ecclesiastical Greek Khanaan from Hebrew kĕna'an]

Canaanite /ˈkeinənait/ n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Canaan 迦南人；迦南居民 ●adj.  of or relating to Canaan, its people, or its culture 迦南的；迦南人的；迦南文化的

Canada   加拿大

Canada balsam /ˈkænədə/ n. Biol.  a yellow resin obtained from the balsam fir and used for mounting preparations on microscope slides (its refractive index being similar to that of glass) 【生】加拿大香胶，加拿大香脂(其折射率近似于玻璃)

Canada goose /ˈkænədə/ n.  a wild goose, Branta canadensis, with brownish-grey plumage and white cheeks and breast, native to N. America 黑额黑雁(产于北美的一种黑雁属大雁，羽毛褐灰色，颈部和胸部白色)

Canadian /kəˈneidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Canada 加拿大人，加拿大居民 2  a person of Canadian descent 加拿大裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Canada 加拿大的

Canadian French n.  the French language as used by French Canadians (法裔加拿大人使用的)加拿大法语

Canadian pondweed n.  an invasive American aquatic plant of the frogbit family, Elodea canadensis, naturalized in Europe and grown in aquaria 加拿大水池草(美洲一种扩散能力很强的水鳌科植物，现已移植欧洲)

canaille /kəˈnɑ:i, 法 kanaj/ n.  the rabble; the populace 乌合之众，暴民；平民，百姓 [French, from Italian canaglia ‘pack of dogs’ from cane ‘dog’]

canal /kəˈnæl/ n.  1  an artificial waterway for inland navigation or irrigation 运河 2  any of various tubular ducts in a plant or animal, for carrying food, liquid, or air (动植物体内的)管，道 3 Astron.  any of a number of spurious linear markings formerly reported as seen by telescope on the planet Mars but now thought to have arisen from eye or lens defects 【天】火星运河(从前有人用望远镜观测到的火星表面上细长的痕迹，现在认为是眼睛或镜头的缺陷造成的) [Middle English via Old French (earlier chanel) from Latin canalis or (in sense 3 directly) from Italian canale ‘channel’]

canal boat n.  a long narrow boat for use on canals (狭长的)运河船

canalize /ˈkæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make a canal through 开凿运河 2  convert (a river) into a canal 把(河流)改造成运河 3  provide with canals (通过运河)提供 4  give the desired direction or purpose to 疏导；把…纳入某种轨道 □ canalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French canaliser: see CANAL]

canapé /ˈkænəpei, -pi/ n.  1  a small piece of bread or pastry with a savoury on top, often served as an hors d'oeuvre (涂有开胃菜的)餐前开胃面包，油酥点心 2  a sofa 沙发 [French]

canard /kəˈnɑ:d, ˈkænɑ:d/ n.  1  an unfounded rumour or story 谣言，虚假报道 2  an extra surface attached to an aeroplane forward of the main lifting surface, for extra stability or control (鸭式飞机的)水平安定面及升降舵 [French, = duck, hoax, from Old French caner ‘to quack’]

Canarese var.  of KANARESE  KANARESE 的变体

canary /kəˈnɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of various small finches of the genus Serinus, esp. S. canaria, a songbird native to the Canary Islands, with mainly yellow plumage, often kept as a cage bird 金丝雀，加那利丝雀(雀属鸣鸟，原产地南加那利群岛，羽毛以黄色为主，常为笼养鸟) 2 hist.  a sweet wine from the Canary Islands [史义] (产于非洲加那利群岛的)加那利甜酒 [Old Spanish canario ‘of or from the Canary Islands’ off the west coast of Africa]

canary-coloured adj.  canary yellow in colour 淡黄色的

canary creeper n.  a climbing plant, Tropaeolium peregrinum, having flowers with bright yellow deeply toothed petals which give the appearance of a small bird in flight 五裂叶金莲花(金莲花属攀缘植物，花朵为鲜黄色，花瓣上有很深的锯口，看上去像飞行的小鸟)

canary grass n.  a tall grass of the genus Phalaris, esp. P. canariensis of NW Africa and the Canary Islands, grown for birdseed 卡内里草芦(产于西北非洲和加那利群岛，其籽可作鸟食)

canary yellow n. & adj. ●n.  a bright yellow colour 鲜黄色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 鲜黄色的

canasta /kəˈnæstə/ n.  1  a card game using two packs and resembling rummy, the aim being to collect sets (or melds) of cards 凯那斯特纸牌戏(用两副纸牌进行，与拉米纸牌戏相似) 2  a set of seven cards in this game (凯那斯特纸牌戏中可赢分的)一套七张牌 [Spanish, = basket]

canaster /kəˈnæstə/ n.  tobacco made from coarsely broken dried leaves 粗烟草 [Spanish canastro ‘basket’ (used to pack tobacco) from medieval Latin: related to CANISTER]

Canberra /ˈkænbərə/ n.  堪培拉 [澳大利亚首都]

cancan /ˈkænkæn/ n.  a lively stage-dance with high kicking, performed by women in long skirts and petticoats 坎坎舞，康康舞(一种欢快的舞台舞蹈，女演员身穿肥大的裙子，以掀裙高踢腿为特征) [French]

cancel /ˈkæns(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. (cancelled, cancelling; US also [美亦] canceled, canceling)  1 tr.  a  withdraw or revoke (a previous arrangement) 取消(预定的安排)，撤消b  discontinue (an arrangement in progress) 终止(正在进行中的活动) 2 tr.  obliterate or delete (writing etc.) 删去，划掉(文字等) 3 tr.  mark or pierce (a ticket, stamp, etc.) to invalidate it 盖销(票证、邮票等) 4 tr.  annul; make void; abolish 废除，废止 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a tr. (of one factor or circumstance) neutralize or counterbalance (another) (一种因素或情况)抵消(另一种)b intr. (of two factors or circumstances) neutralize each other (两种因素或情况)互相抵消，对消 6 tr. Math.  strike out (an equal factor) on each side of an equation or from the numerator and denominator of a fraction 【数】相约，相消 ●n.  1  a countermand 收回成命，撤消命令 2  the cancellation of a postage stamp 盖销邮票 3 Printing  a new page or section inserted in a book to replace the original text, usu. to correct an error 【印刷】修版，经修正的版面 4 US Mus. [美]【音】  = NATURALn. 3a  □ canceller  n.   [Middle English via French canceller from Latin cancellare, from cancelli ‘lattice’]

cancellate /ˈkæns(ə)lət/ adj. (also 亦作 cancellated /-leitid/) Biol. 【生】  1  marked with crossing lines 网状的；网状结构的 2  = CANCELLOUS  [Latin cancelli ‘lattice’]

cancellation /kænsəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. (US also [美亦] cancelation)  1  the act or an instance of cancelling or being cancelled 取消，注销；作废，废除；删去，划掉 2  something that has been cancelled, esp. a booking or reservation 被取消的事物(尤指预订座位、房间、车船票等) [Latin cancellatio (as CANCEL)]

cancellous /ˈkæns(ə)ləs/ adj. (of a bone) having pores (指骨头)多孔的，海绵状的 [Latin cancelli ‘lattice’]

cancer /ˈkænsə/ n.  1  a  any malignant growth or tumour from an abnormal and uncontrolled division of body cells 恶性肿瘤，癌b  a disease caused by this 癌症 2  an evil influence or corruption spreading uncontrollably (任意扩散的)邪恶影响；腐败现象；弊端 3 (作 Cancer)  a Astron.  a constellation (the Crab), said to represent a crab crushed under the foot of Hercules 【天】巨蟹(星)座b Astrol.  the fourth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the summer solstice (about 21 June) 【占】巨蟹宫(黄道第 4 宫，太阳于夏至(约 6 月 21 日)进入该位置)c Astrol.  a person born when the sun is in this sign 【占】出生于巨蟹宫时段的人 □ tropic of Cancer   see 见 TROPIC n. 1 □ Cancerian  /-ˈsiəriən, -ˈsɛəriən/ n. & adj. (in sense 3b, c 用于释义 3b 和 c)  □ cancerous  adj.   [Middle English from Latin, = crab, cancer: related to Greek karkinos]

cancer stick n. slang  a cigarette [俚语]香烟

cancroid /ˈkæŋkrɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  crablike 蟹样的 2  resembling cancer 癌样的 ●n.  a disease resembling cancer 角化癌

candela /kænˈdelə, -ˈdi:lə, ˈkændilə/ n.  the SI unit of luminous intensity (abbr. 缩略 : cd) 堪德拉，新烛光(发光强度单位) [Latin, = candle]

candelabrum /kændiˈlɑ:brəm, -ˈlei-/ n. (also 亦作 candelabra /-brə/) (pl. candelabra, candelabras; US also [美亦] candelabrums)  a large branched candlestick or lamp holder 大枝形烛台；大枝形吊灯 [Latin from candela CANDLE]■Usage 用法说明 Strictly speaking, candelabra is the plural of candelabrum and is best kept so in written English. Candelabra (singular) and candelabras (plural) are often found in informal use, while in American English candelabrums (plural) is also used. 严格地说， candelabra 是 candelabrum 的复数形式，在书面英语中最好这样使用。 candelabra (单数)和 candelabras (复数)常用于非正式用法，而在美国英语中也使用 candelabrums (复数)形式。 

candelabrum tree n.  a tropical E. African tree, Euphorbia candelabrum, with foliage shaped like a candelabrum 非洲露兜树，灯台大戟(产于热带非洲，叶子呈灯台状)

Candice /ˈkændis/   坎迪斯 [人名]

candid /ˈkændid/ adj.  1  frank; not hiding one's thoughts 坦率的，直言不讳的 2 (of a photograph) taken informally, usu. without the subject's knowledge (照片)姿势自然随便的(通常乘人不备时拍摄的) □ candidly  adv.  □ candidness  n.   [in earlier use ‘white’, hence ‘pure, clear, ingenuous’: French candide or Latin candidus ‘white’]

candida /ˈkændidə/ n.  any yeastlike parasitic fungus of the genus Candida, esp. C. albicans, which causes thrush 假丝酵母 [modern Latin, fem. of Latin candidus: see CANDID]

candidate /ˈkændideit, -dət/ n.  1  a person who seeks or is nominated for an office, award, etc. (职位、获奖资格等的)候选人 2  a person or thing likely to gain some distinction or position 可能获得某种荣誉的人(或物)；可能获得某个职务的人 3  a person entered for an examination 报考者，投考者 □ candidacy  n.  □ candidature  n. Brit. [英]   [French candidat or Latin candidatus ‘white-robed’ (Roman candidates wore white)]

candid camera n.  a small camera for taking informal photographs of people, often without their knowledge 微型照相机，快照照相机(因常用来拍快照或偷拍照片而得名)

candle /ˈkænd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a central wick, for giving light when burning 蜡烛 2  = CANDLEPOWER  ●v. tr.  test (an egg) for freshness or fertility by holding it to the light 对光检查(鸡蛋是否新鲜或能孵化出小鸡) □ cannot hold a candle to   cannot be compared with; is much inferior to 无法与…媲美；远远次于…□ not worth the candle   not justifying the cost or trouble 不值得，不划算□ candler  n.   [Old English candel from Latin candela, from candēre ‘to shine’]

candleholder /ˈkænd(ə)lˌhəʊldə/ n.  = CANDLESTICK 

candlelight /ˈkænd(ə)llait/ n.  1  light provided by candles 烛光 2  dusk 黄昏，薄暮 □ candlelit  adj.  

Candlemas /ˈkænd(ə)lmæs, -məs/ n.  a Christian feast with blessing of candles (2 Feb.), commemorating the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of Christ in the Temple 圣烛节，圣母行洁净礼日 (2 月 2 日，纪念圣母玛丽产后净秽携耶稣前往圣殿) [Old English Candelmœsse (as CANDLE, MASS)]

candlepower /ˈkænd(ə)lpaʊə/ n.  a unit of luminous intensity 旧烛光，标准烛光(发光强度单位)

candlestick /ˈkænd(ə)lstik/ n.  a holder for one or more candles 蜡扦，烛扦

candlewick /ˈkænd(ə)lwik/ n.  1  a thick soft cotton yarn 灯芯纱 2  material made from this, usu. with a tufted pattern (通常有簇饰图案的)灯芯纱制品

can-do attrib. adj.  designating a determination or willingness to achieve something 能够…的，有成功决心(或意愿)的  the American can-do philosophy  美国人的“我能行”哲学

candour /ˈkændə/ n. (US [美] candor)  candid behaviour or action; frankness 坦诚的行为；坦率，直言 [French candeur or Latin candor ‘whiteness’: for the development of meaning in English see CANDID]

candy /ˈkændi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in full 全称 sugar-candy) Brit.  sugar crystallized by repeated boiling and slow evaporation [英]冰糖 2 N. Amer.  sweets; a sweet [北美]糖果 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 candied adj.)  preserve by coating and impregnating with a sugar syrup (覆盖或浸渍糖汁)保存  candied fruit  果脯 [French sucre candi ‘crystallized sugar’ from Arabic kand ‘sugar’]

candy apple n. N. Amer. [北美]  = TOFFEE APPLE 

candyfloss /ˈkændiflɒs/ n. Brit.  a fluffy mass of spun sugar wrapped round a stick [英]棉花糖

candy stripe /ˈkændistraip/ n.  a pattern consisting of alternate stripes of white and a colour (usu. pink) 条纹图案(多为白色和粉红色相间的条纹) □ candy-striped  adj.  

candytuft /ˈkænditʌft/ n.  any of various cruciferous plants of the genus Iberis, native to W. Europe, with white, pink, or purple flowers in tufts 伞形屈曲花(屈曲花属植物，产于西欧，开白、粉红或紫色花簇) [Candy, obsolete form of Candia ‘Crete’ + TUFT]

cane /kein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the hollow jointed stem of giant reeds or grasses 芦竹或禾本植物细长而有节的茎  bamboo cane  竹竿b  the solid stem of slender palms (细长的)棕榈树主茎  malacca cane  马六甲白藤 2  = SUGAR CANE  3  a raspberry cane 悬钩子灌木的主茎 4  material of cane used for wickerwork etc. (编织用)竹料，藤条 5  a  a cane used as a walking stick or a support for a plant or an instrument of punishment 竹竿；笞杖，笞条b  any slender walking stick 手杖，竹杖，拐杖； ●v. tr.  1  beat with a cane 用笞杖打 2  weave cane into (a chair etc.) 用藤条编制(藤椅等) □ caner  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)  □ caning  n.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin canna from Greek kanna]

cane-brake n. N. Amer.  a tract of land overgrown with canes [北美]密布甘蔗丛(或竹丛、藤丛)的地区

cane chair n.  a chair with a seat made of woven cane strips 藤椅，藤座椅

cane sugar n.  sugar obtained from sugar cane 蔗糖

cane toad n.  a large brown toad, Bufo marinus, native to tropical America and introduced elsewhere originally for pest control 蔗田蟾蜍(原产于热带美洲，为控制虫害而引入世界各地)

cane-trash  see 见 TRASH n. 5 

canine /ˈkeinain, ˈkæ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of a dog or dogs 犬的 2  of or belonging to the family Canidae, including dogs, wolves, foxes, etc. 犬科的，属于犬科的(包括狗、狼、狐狸等) ●n.  1  a dog 犬 2 (in full 全称 canine tooth)  a pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars 犬齿，犬牙 [Middle English from French canin(e) or from Latin caninus, from canis ‘dog’]

canister /ˈkænistə/ n.  1  a small container, usu. of metal and cylindrical, for storing tea etc. 小罐，小盒(通常为圆筒状金属容器，用来装茶、咖啡等) 2  a  a cylinder of shot, tear gas, etc., that explodes on impact 榴霰弹筒(内装弹丸或催泪气体，命中时便爆炸)b  such cylinders collectively (总称)榴霰弹 [Latin canistrum from Greek kanastron ‘wicker basket’, from kanna CANE]

canker /ˈkæŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a destructive fungal disease of trees and plants (树木和植物的)溃疡病b  an open wound in the stem of a tree or plant (树干或植物茎上的)伤口 2 Zool.  an ulcerous ear disease of animals, esp. cats and dogs 【动】(尤指猫和狗的)耳部溃疡病 3 Med.  an ulceration esp. of the lips 【医】(坏疽性)溃疡，(尤)口疮 4  a corrupting influence 腐蚀，感染 ●v. tr.  1  consume with canker 使患溃疡 2  corrupt 腐蚀，腐烂 3 (as 作 cankered adj.)  soured, malignant, crabbed 溃烂的；恶性的；恶毒的 □ cankerous  adj.   [Middle English via Old Northern French cancre, Old French chancre from Latin cancer ‘crab’]

cankerworm /ˈkæŋkəwɜ:m/ n.  any caterpillar of various wingless moths which consume the buds and leaves of shade and fruit trees in N. America 尺蠖(北美无翅蛾类的幼虫，以遮荫树及果树的芽和叶为食)

canna /ˈkænə/ n.  any tropical plant of the genus Canna with bright flowers and ornamental leaves 美人蕉属植物(产于热带，其花色彩艳丽，叶子具装饰性) [Latin: see CANE]

cannabinol /ˈkænəbinɒl, kəˈnæb-/ n. Chem.  a crystalline phenol whose derivatives, esp. THC, are the active principles of cannabis 【化】大麻醇，大麻酚(一种晶状酚，其衍生物，尤指四氢大麻酚，是大麻制剂的有效成分) [CANNABIS + -OL1]

cannabis /ˈkænəbis/ n.  1  a hemp plant of the genus Cannabis, esp. Indian hemp 大麻(尤指印度大麻) 2  a preparation of parts of this used as an intoxicant or hallucinogen (用作致醉剂或幻觉剂的)大麻制剂 [Latin from Greek]

cannabis resin n.  a sticky product containing the active principles of cannabis, esp. from the flowering tops of the female cannabis plant (尤指从大麻雌株花头中提取的)大麻脂

canned /kænd/ adj.  1  pre-recorded (唱片)预先灌制的，(录音或录像)预先录制的  canned laughter  预先录音的笑声 canned music  唱片音乐 2  supplied in a can 罐装的，听装的  canned beer  罐装啤酒 3 slang  drunk [俚语]醉酒的

cannel /ˈkæn(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 cannel coal)  a bituminous coal burning with a bright flame 烛煤(一种燃火明亮的烟煤，故名) [16th c.: originally northern English]

cannelloni /kænəˈləʊni/ n. pl.  tubes or rolls of pasta stuffed with a meat or vegetable mixture 肉馅(或菜馅)面卷(一种意大利点心) [Italian from cannello ‘stalk’]

cannelure /ˈkæn(ə)ljʊə/ n.  the groove round a bullet etc. 弹壳槽线；(物体表面的)沟槽 [French from canneler, from canne ‘reed, CANE’]

cannery /ˈkænəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a factory where food is canned 罐头食品厂

cannibal /ˈkænib(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who eats human flesh 食人肉者，食人生番 2  an animal that feeds on flesh of its own species 同类相食的动物 ●adj.  of or like a cannibal 食人生番的；同类相食的 □ cannibalism  n.  □ cannibalistic  /-bəˈlistik/ adj.  □ cannibalistically  /-bəˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.   [originally pl. Canibales from Spanish: variant of Caribes, the name of a West Indian nation]

cannibalize /ˈkænib(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  use (a machine etc.) as a source of spare parts for others 拆取(机器等)可用部件，为修配而拆取部件 □ cannibalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

cannikin /ˈkænikin/ n.  a small can 小罐，小杯 [Dutch kanneken (as CAN2, -KIN)]

cannon /ˈkænən/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (pl. usu. same 通常单复同) hist.  a large heavy gun installed on a carriage or mounting [史义] (装在炮车或炮台上的)大炮，火炮，加农炮 2  an automatic aircraft gun firing shells (飞机上的自动)机关炮 3 Brit. Billiards  the hitting of two balls successively by the cue ball [英]【台球】(双球)连击 4 Mech.  a hollow cylinder moving independently on a shaft 【机】空心轴 5 (in full 全称 cannon bit)  a smooth round bit for a horse (马的)圆辔 ●v. intr. Brit. [英]  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, into)  collide heavily or obliquely (猛烈)相撞，碰撞 2 Billiards  make a cannon shot 【台球】(双球)连击 [French canon via Italian cannone ‘large tube’ from canna CANE: in Billiards sense from older CAROM]

cannonade /kænəˈneid/ n. & v. ●n.  a period of continuous heavy gunfire (连续的)炮轰，炮击 ●v. tr.  bombard with a cannonade 炮轰，炮击 [French from Italian cannonata]

cannon ball n. hist.  a large usu. metal ball fired by a cannon [史义]炮弹

cannon-bone n.  the tubular bone between the hock and fetlock of a horse 炮骨(马的膝与生距毛的球关节之间的长骨)

cannon fodder n.  soldiers regarded merely as material to be expended in war 炮灰(指在战争中被视为消耗品或牺牲品的士兵)

cannot /ˈkænɒt, kæˈnɒt/ v. aux.  can not 不能够，不可以

cannula /ˈkænjʊlə/ n. (pl. cannulae /-li:, -lai/ or cannulas) Surgery  a small tube for inserting into the body to allow fluid to enter or escape 【外科】(插入体内让流体进入或排出的)套管，插管 [Latin, diminutive of canna ‘cane’]

cannulate /ˈkænjʊleit/ v. tr. Surgery  introduce a cannula into 【外科】插套管于，装插管于

canny /ˈkæni/ adj. (cannier, canniest)  1  a  shrewd, worldly-wise 精明的，机灵的；善于处世的b  thrifty 节约的，节俭的c  circumspect 谨慎小心的；考虑周到的 2  sly, drily humorous 狡猾的，奸诈的；幽默的 3 Sc. & N. Engl.  pleasant, agreeable [苏格兰和英格兰北部]令人愉快的，惬意的 □ cannily  adv.  □ canniness  n.   [CAN1 (in sense ‘know’) + -Y1]

canoe /kəˈnu:/ n. & v. ●n.  a small narrow boat with pointed ends usu. propelled by paddling (狭长头尖的)小划子，独木舟 ●v. intr. (canoes, canoed, canoeing)  travel in a canoe 乘坐小划子 □ canoeist  n.   [Spanish canoa via Arawak from Carib canaoua]

can of worms n. colloq.  a complicated matter, likely to prove problematic or scandalous [口]复杂的问题，棘手的事情

canon /ˈkænən/ n.  1  a  a general law, rule, principle, or criterion 准则，规则，原则，标准b  a Church decree or law 教令；教规 2  a  a member of a cathedral chapter 大教堂教士b (fem. canoness /-nis/)  a member of certain RC orders (天主教某教士团)成员 3  a  a collection or list of literary works, esp. of sacred books etc. accepted as genuine (文学)经典名篇；真经(尤指被认可为正宗的宗教经典书目等)b  the recognized genuine works of a particular author; a list of these (某作家的)真作全集；真作书目 4  the part of the Roman Catholic Mass containing the words of consecration (罗马天主教弥撒的)祝圣词，祭献经文部分 5 Mus.  a piece with different parts taking up the same theme successively, either at the same or at a different pitch 【音】卡农(一种复调音乐的写作技法)，卡农曲 [Old English via Latin from Greek kanōn, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-French & Old French canun, -on; in sense 2 Middle English via Old French canonie from ecclesiastical Latin canonicus: cf. CANONICAL]

canonic /kəˈnɒnik/ adj.  = CANONICALadj.  [Old English via Old French canonique or Latin canonicus from Greek kanonikos, from kanon ‘rule’]

canonical /kəˈnɒnik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  according to or ordered by canon law 按照教规的；教规规定的b  included in the canon of Scripture 见于《圣经》经典书目的 2  authoritative, standard, accepted 权威性的；标准的；公认的 3  of a cathedral chapter or a member of it 大教堂教士的 4 Mus.  in canon form 【音】卡农曲的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the canonical dress of the clergy (教规规定的)神职人员服装 □ canonically  adv.   [medieval Latin canonicalis (as CANONIC)]

canonical hours n. pl. Eccl. 【教会】  1  the times of daily prayer appointed in the breviary, or the offices set for them (天主教会每天的)祈祷时间；祈祷 2 (in the Church of England) the time during which a marriage may lawfully be celebrated (usu. between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.) (英国国教会)教会婚礼法定时间(通常指上午 8 点至下午 6 点之间)

canonicate /kəˈnɒnikət/ n.  = CANONRY 

canonicity /kænəˈnisiti/ n.  the status of being canonical 列入《圣经》正经篇目的资格 [Latin canonicus ‘canonical’]

canonist /ˈkænənist/ n.  an expert in canon law 精通宗教法规者，宗教法规学者 [Middle English from French canoniste or from medieval Latin canonista: see CANON]

canonize /ˈkænənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  declare officially to be a saint, usu. with a ceremony 正式封…为圣者(通常举行一个仪式)b  regard as a saint 把…看作圣者 2  admit to the canon of Scripture 把…载入《圣经》正经篇目 3  sanction by Church authority (教会当局)批准，认可 □ canonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin canonizare: see CANON]

canon law n.  ecclesiastical law 教会法规

canon regular (also 亦作 regular canon)  see 见 REGULAR adj. 9b 

canonry /ˈkænənri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the office or benefice of a canon 教士(或牧师)职位，教士(或牧师)圣俸

canoodle /kəˈnu:d(ə)l/ v. intr. colloq.  kiss and cuddle amorously [口]亲吻；搂抱，爱抚 [19th-c. US: origin unknown]

can-opener n.  a device for opening cans of food etc. 罐头开听刀，罐头起子

Canopic jar /kəˈnəʊpik/ n. (also 亦作 Canopic vase)  an urn used for holding the entrails of an embalmed body in an ancient Egyptian burial 礼葬瓮(古埃及用来盛放已制成木乃伊的死人的内脏的器皿，与木乃伊一起下葬) [Latin Canopicus from Canopus, a town in ancient Egypt]

canopy /ˈkænəpi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a covering hung or held up over a throne, bed, person, etc. (宝座、床、人等上方的)华盖，罩篷b  the sky 天穹，天空c  an overhanging shelter 顶篷，天篷 2 Archit.  a rooflike projection over a niche etc. 【建】(壁龛上方)探出的檐子 3  the uppermost layers of foliage etc. in a forest (森林里)树冠层 4  a  the expanding part of a parachute (降落伞的)伞衣b  the cover of an aircraft's cockpit (飞机的)座舱盖 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  supply or be a canopy to 用天篷(顶篷)遮盖；遮掩；笼罩 [Middle English via medieval Latin canopeum and Latin conopeum from Greek kōnōpeion ‘couch with mosquito-curtains’, from kōnōps ‘gnat’]

canorous /kəˈnɔ:rəs/ adj.  melodious, resonant 音调悦耳的，旋律优美的 [Latin canorus from canere ‘sing’]

canst /kænst/ archaic [古义] 2nd person sing.  of CAN1 

Cant. abbr.  Canticles (Old Testament) [缩略]赞美诗，圣歌(《圣经·旧约》)

can't /kɑ:nt/ contr. [缩合]  can not 

cant1 /kænt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  insincere pious or moral talk 言不由衷的话；伪善的言词 2  ephemeral or fashionable catchwords 短时流行的口号；时髦的套语 3  language peculiar to a class, profession, sect, etc.; jargon (某个阶层或职业的)行业术语，行话；黑话 ●v. intr.  use cant 使用术语(或行话)；讲黑话 [earlier of musical sound, of intonation, and of beggars' whining; perhaps from the singing of religious mendicants: probably from Latin canere ‘sing’]

cant2 /kænt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a slanting surface, e.g. of a bank 斜边；斜面(如河岸的斜面)b  a bevel of a crystal etc. (晶体等的)斜面；斜角 2  an oblique push or movement that upsets or partly upsets something (使某物倾斜或翻倒的)倾斜移动(或推动) 3  a tilted or sloping position 倾斜位置 ●v.  1 tr.  push or pitch out of level; tilt 推倾斜；使倾覆；斜着抛出 2 intr.  take or lie in a slanting position 倾斜；倾覆 3 tr.  impart a bevel to 使具有斜面；斜切 4 intr. Naut.  swing round 【海】偏离规定航向 [Middle English from Middle Low German kant, kante, Middle Dutch cant, ‘point, side, edge’, ultimately from Latin cant(h)us ‘iron tire’]

Cantab /ˈkæntæb/ abbr.  of C ambridge University [缩略]剑桥大学的 [Latin Cantabrigiensis]

cantabile /kænˈtɑ:bili/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a smooth singing style 流畅的(地)；歌唱般的(地) ●n.  a cantabile passage or movement 流畅的乐段；流畅的乐章 [Italian, = singable]

Cantabrigian /kæntəˈbridʒiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Cambridge or Cambridge University 剑桥的；剑桥大学的 ●n.  1  a member of Cambridge University 剑桥大学学生(或毕业生) 2  a native of Cambridge 剑桥人(或居民) [Latin Cantabrigia ‘Cambridge’]

cantal /ˈkæntɑ:l/ n.  a type of hard strong French cheese 法国硬干酪 [Cantal, a department of Auvergne, France, where it is made]

cantaloupe /ˈkæntəlu:p/ n. (also 亦作 cantaloup)  a small round ribbed variety of melon with orange flesh 罗马甜瓜 [French cantaloup from Cantaluppi near Rome, where it was first grown in Europe]

cantankerous /kænˈtæŋk(ə)rəs/ adj.  bad-tempered, quarrelsome 脾气坏的，爱争吵的 □ cantankerously  adv.  □ cantankerousness  n.   [perhaps from Irish cant ‘outbidding’ + rancorous]

cantata /kænˈtɑ:tə/ n. Mus.  a short narrative or descriptive composition with vocal solos and usu. chorus and orchestral accompaniment 【音】康塔塔(由独唱演员演唱，通常有合唱伴唱、管弦乐队伴奏的短小音乐作品) [Italian cantata (aria) ‘sung(air)’ from cantare ‘sing’]

cant-dog n.  an iron hook at the end of a long handle, used for rolling logs (滚动圆木时用的)搬钩；木杆钩

canteen /kænˈti:n/ n.  1  a  a restaurant for employees in an office or factory etc. (机关或工厂等的)职工食堂b  a shop selling provisions or liquor in a barracks or camp (营房或营地的)食品小卖部；酒吧 2 Brit.  a case or box of cutlery [英]餐具盒；炊具箱 3  a soldier's or camper's water-flask or set of eating or drinking utensils (士兵或野营者的)水壶；饮水用具 [French cantine from Italian cantina ‘cellar’]

canter /ˈkæntə/ n. & v. ●n.  a gentle gallop (马的)慢跑 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse or its rider) go at a canter (马)慢跑；(骑手)骑马慢跑 2 tr.  make (a horse) canter 驱马慢跑 □ in a canter  Brit.  easily [英]轻而易举地  win in a canter  轻易取胜 [short for Canterbury pace, from the supposed easy pace of medieval pilgrims to Canterbury in Kent]

canterbury /ˈkæntəb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a piece of furniture with partitions for holding music etc. 分层书架；分层乐谱架 [named after Canterbury in Kent]

Canterbury bell /ˈkæntəb(ə)ri/ n.  a cultivated campanula with large flowers 风铃草(一种人工栽培的花朵很大的风铃草属植物) [after the bells on Canterbury pilgrims' horses: see CANTER]

cantharides /kænˈθæridi:z/ n. pl.  = SPANISH FLY 2  [Latin, from Greek kantharis ‘Spanish fly’]

cant-hook n.  = CANT-DOG 

canthus /kænθəs/ n. (pl. canthi /-θai/)  the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the upper and lower lids meet 眦，眼角 [Latin from Greek kanthos]

canticle /ˈkæntik(ə)l/ n.  1  a hymn or chant usu. with a biblical text, forming a regular part of a church service 赞美诗，圣歌(内容通常取自《圣经》，为礼拜仪式的一个组成部分) 2 (作 Canticles) (also 亦作 Canticle of Canticles)  the Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》 [Middle English from Old French canticle (variant of cantique) or Latin canticulum, diminutive of canticum, from canere ‘sing’]

cantilena /kæntiˈleinə, -ˈli:nə/ n. Mus.  a simple or sustained melody 【音】多次重复的单一旋律(曲调) [Italian]

cantilever /ˈkæntili:və/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long bracket or beam etc. projecting from a wall to support a balcony etc. (自墙壁伸出以支撑阳台等的)托架，伸臂 2  a beam or girder fixed at only one end (一端固定的)大梁；悬臂梁 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  project as a cantilever (如悬臂)向外伸出 2 tr.  support by a cantilever or cantilevers 由伸臂(或悬臂)支撑 [17th c.: origin unknown]

cantilever bridge n.  a bridge made of cantilevers projecting from the piers and connected by girders 悬臂桥(由桥墩伸出两根悬臂，中间用横梁连接)

cantillate /ˈkæntileit/ v. tr. & intr.  chant or recite with musical tones (有节奏地)吟咏，吟诵 □ cantillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin cantillare ‘sing low’: see CHANT]

cantina /kænˈti:nə/ n.  a bar room or wine shop 小酒馆，酒店，酒吧 [Spanish & Italian]

canting arms n. pl. Heraldry  arms containing an allusion to the name of the bearer 【纹章学】以图案代姓氏的纹章 [CANT1, in the obsolete dialect sense ‘speak, say’]

canto /ˈkæntəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a division of a long poem 诗章(长诗的一个篇章) [Italian, = song, from Latin cantus]

canton n. & v. ●n.  1 /ˈkæntɒn/  a  a subdivision of a country 小行政区b  a state of the Swiss Confederation (瑞士联邦的)州 2 /ˈkænt(ə)n/ Heraldry  a square division, less than a quarter, in the upper (usu. dexter) corner of a shield 【纹章学】盾面右上角的方形部位 ●v. tr.  1 /kænˈtu:n/ Brit.  put (troops) into quarters [英]使(部队)驻扎下来 2 /kænˈtɒn/  divide into cantons 把…划分成小行政区 □ cantonal  /ˈkæntən(ə)l, kænˈtɒn(ə)l/ adj.   [Old French, = corner, ultimately from Latin cantus (see CANT2): the verb also partly from French cantonner]

Cantonese /kæntəˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Canton or the Cantonese dialect of Chinese 广州的；广州(广东)方言的；粤语的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of Canton 广州人 2  the dialect of Chinese spoken in SE China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 广东话；粤语(中国东南部地区及香港特别行政区方言) [Canton, the English name of the city of Guangzhou in China]

cantonment /kænˈtɒnm(ə)nt, -ˈtu:n-/ n.  1  a lodging assigned to troops (军队的)驻地，营房 2 hist.  a permanent military station in India [史义] (旧时英军驻印度的)永久性兵站 [French cantonnement: see CANTON]

cantor /ˈkæntɔ:, -ə/ n.  1  the leader of the singing in church; a precentor (教堂内唱诗班的)领唱者；领诵人 2  the precentor in a synagogue (犹太教堂的)祈祷领诵人 [Latin, = singer from canere ‘sing’]

cantorial /kænˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to the cantor 领唱者的；领诵人的 2  of the north side of the choir in a church, the side on which the cantor sits (cf. 参见 DECANAL 2) 教堂唱诗班北侧的，领唱位置的

cantoris /kænˈtɔ:ris/ adj. Mus.  to be sung by the cantorial side of the choir in antiphonal singing (cf. 参见 DECANI) 【音】(应答轮唱中)由唱诗班北侧唱的 [Latin, genitive of CANTOR]

cantrail /ˈkæntreil/ n. Brit.  a timber etc. support for the roof of a railway carriage [英] (火车车厢的)上侧梁 [CANT2 + RAIL1]

cantrip /ˈkæntrip/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a witch's trick (巫术中的)咒语，魔法 2  a piece of mischief; a playful act 恶作剧，玩笑 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Canuck /kəˈnʌk/ n. & adj. esp. Canad. colloq. [尤加口] ●n.  a Canadian 加拿大人 ●adj.  Canadian 加拿大的；加拿大人的 [apparently from Canada]

canvas /ˈkænvəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a strong coarse kind of cloth made from hemp or flax or other coarse yarn and used for sails and tents etc. and as a surface for oil painting (制作船帆、帐篷、油画布的)帆布b  a piece of this (一块)帆布 2  a painting on canvas, esp. in oils 帆布油画，油画 3  an open kind of canvas used as a basis for tapestry and embroidery (用于绒绣或刺绣的)网形粗布，十字布 4 slang  the floor of a boxing or wrestling ring [俚语] (拳击或摔跤场地)铺帆布的地板 5  a racing boat's covered end (赛艇)被遮掩的一端 ●v. tr. (canvassed, canvassing; US [美] canvased, canvasing)  cover with canvas 用帆布遮盖 □ by a canvas  (in boat racing) by a small margin (赛艇)以毫厘之差  win by a canvas  险胜□ under canvas   1  in a tent or tents 在帐篷里；在营地里 2  with sails spread 张着帆，扬起帆 [Middle English & Old Norman French canevas, ultimately from Latin cannabis ‘hemp’]

canvas-back n.  a wild duck Aythya valisineria, of N. America, with back feathers the colour of unbleached canvas 帆布背潜鸭(北美洲的一种野鸭，因其背羽呈帆布色而得名)

canvass /ˈkænvəs/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  solicit votes 游说；拉选票b tr.  solicit votes from (electors in a constituency) (向选区选民)拉选票 2 tr.  a  ascertain opinions of 征求…的意见b  seek custom from 兜揽生意，征求订户c  discuss thoroughly 详细讨论 3 tr. Brit.  propose (an idea or plan etc.) [英]提出(主意、计划等) ●n.  the process of or an instance of canvassing, esp. of electors 游说(尤指拉选票) □ canvasser  n.   [originally = toss in a sheet, agitate, from CANVAS]

canyon /ˈkænjən/ n. (also 亦作 cañon)  a deep gorge, often with a stream or river (谷底往往有溪流的)峡谷 [Spanish cañón ‘tube’, ultimately from Latin canna CANE]

canzonetta /kænzəˈnetə, kæntsəˈnetə/ n. (also 亦作 canzonet /-ˈnet/)  1  a short light song 小坎佐尼，(轻快的)短歌，小曲 2  a kind of madrigal 抒情短诗；短情歌 [Italian, diminutive of canzone ‘song’, from Latin cantio-onis from canere ‘sing’]

caoutchouc /ˈkaʊtʃʊk/ n.  raw rubber 生橡胶；纯橡胶 [French from Carib cahuchu]

CAP abbr.  Common Agricultural Policy (of the EEC) [缩略] (欧洲经济共同体的)共同农业政策

cap /kæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a soft head covering, usu. with a peak but otherwise brimless 软帽，便帽(通常有帽舌但无帽檐)b  a head covering worn in a particular profession (特定职业者所戴的)帽子  nurse's cap  护士帽c esp. Brit.  a cap awarded as a sign of membership of a sports team [尤英] (作为运动队成员的标志而授予的)体育队队员帽d  an academic mortarboard or soft hat 学位帽，学士帽e  a special hat as part of Highland dress (苏格兰高地人服装上的)帽子 2  a  a cover like a cap in shape or position 帽状物  kneecap  膝盖骨 toecap  鞋头b  a device to seal a bottle or protect the point of a pen, lens of a camera, etc. (封瓶口、保护钢笔尖、相机镜头等的)盖，套，罩 3  a  = DUTCH CAP 1 b  = PERCUSSION CAP  4  = CROWNn. 9b  ●v. tr. (capped, capping)  1  a  put a cap on 给…加盖；给…加帽b  cover the top or end of 覆盖…的顶端；包住…的末端c  set a limit to 给…定限额  rate-capping  速度极限；费率封顶 2  a esp. Brit.  award a sports cap to [尤英]授予…队员帽b Sc. & NZ  confer a university degree on [苏格兰和新]授予…大学学位 3  a  lie on top of; form the cap of 覆盖；笼罩b  surpass, excel 超过；胜过c  improve on (a story, quotation, etc.) esp. by producing a better or more apposite one 改进(故事、引语等) (尤指改写出更好更贴切的故事或引语) □ cap in hand   humbly 谦卑地，谦恭地□ if the cap fits (wear it)  Brit. (said of a generalized comment) it seems to be true of the person in question [英] (一般性评论)恰如其分□ set one's cap at (or US [美] for)   try to attract as a suitor (女子)追求男子，(女子)向男子挑逗□ capful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ capping  n.   [Old English cœppe from Late Latin cappa, perhaps from Latin caput ‘head’]

cap. abbr. [缩略]  1  capital  2  capital letter 大写字母 3  chapter  [Latin capitulum or caput]

capability /keipəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, for, to)  ability, power; the condition of being capable 能力，才能；性能，功能 2  an undeveloped or unused faculty 潜力，潜质

capable /ˈkeipəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  competent, able, gifted 能胜任的；有能力的，有才能的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  having the ability, fitness, or necessary quality for 具有…能力的；适合于…的；具有…素质的b  susceptible or admitting of (explanation or improvement etc.) 容许(解释或改进等)的；留有余地的 □ capably  adv.   [in earlier use = able to take in or understand: French via Late Latin capabilis from Latin capere ‘hold’]

capacious /kəˈpeiʃəs/ adj.  roomy; able to hold much 宽敞的；容量大的 □ capaciously  adv.  □ capaciousness  n.   [Latin capax -acis from capere ‘hold’]

capacitance /kəˈpæsit(ə)ns/ n. Electr. 【电】  1  the ability of a system to store an electric charge 电容，电流容量 2  the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential (symbol 符 C) 电容比，容量比 [CAPACITY + -ANCE]

capacitate /kəˈpæsiteit/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  render capable 使能够；使适合 2  make legally competent 使具有法律资格

capacitor /kəˈpæsitə/ n. Electr.  a device of one or more pairs of conductors separated by insulators used to store an electric charge 【电】电容器

capacity /kəˈpæsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the power of containing, receiving, experiencing, or producing 容纳(接受、感受或者生产)…的能力；生产力  capacity for heat, pain , etc. 忍受热、痛苦等的能力b  the maximum amount that can be contained or produced etc. 最大容量；最高产量c  the volume, e.g. of the cylinders in an internal-combustion engine 容量；容积(如内燃机汽缸的容积)d (作 attrib.)  fully occupying the available space, resources, etc. (现有空间)挤满了的；资源等用尽了的  a capacity audience  满场的观众 2  a  mental power 智力，智能b  a faculty or talent 能力，才能 3  a position or function 身份；地位，职位  in a civil capacity  以公民的身份 in my capacity as a critic  以我的评论员身份 4  legal competence 法律资格；法律权利 5 Electr.  capacitance 【电】电容；电容量 □ to capacity   fully; using all resources 充分地；竭尽全力地  working to capacity  竭尽全力地工作□ capacitative  /-tətiv/ adj. (also 亦作 capacitive) (in sense 5 用于释义 5)   [Middle English via French from Latin capacitas -tatis (as CAPACIOUS)]

caparison /kəˈpæris(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a horse's trappings (装饰用)马衣，马饰 2  equipment, finery 装备；华丽的装饰 ●v. tr.  put caparisons on; adorn richly 给(马)披挂马饰；华丽地装饰 [obsolete French caparasson from Spanish caparazón ‘saddle-cloth’, from capa CAPE1]

cape1 /keip/ n.  1  a sleeveless cloak 斗篷，披风 2  a short sleeveless cloak as a fixed or detachable part of a longer cloak or coat (大衣或斗篷上的)披肩 □ caped  adj.   [French via Provençal capa from Late Latin cappa CAP]

cape2 /keip/ n.  1  a headland or promontory 海角，岬 2 (作 the Cape)  a  the Cape of Good Hope 好望角b  the S. African province containing it 开普省(南非省份) [Middle English via Old French cap from Provençal cap, ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’]

Cape buffalo  see 见 BUFFALO n. 1b 

Cape Coloured adj. & n. S. Afr. [南非] ●adj.  of the mixed white and non-white population of Cape Province 开普省(白人与有色人)混血儿的 ●n.  a member of this population 开普省混血儿

Cape doctor n. S. Afr. colloq.  a strong SE wind [南非口]道格特角风(南非沿海的强东南风)

Cape Dutch n. archaic  Afrikaans [古义]南非荷兰人；南非荷兰语

Cape gooseberry n.  1  an edible soft roundish yellow berry enclosed in a lantern-like husk 灯笼果(一种黄色浆果，外壳似灯笼，肉质柔软，可食用) 2  the plant, Physalis peruviana, bearing these 灯笼果树(酸浆属植物)

capelin /ˈkeiplin, ˈkæp-/ n. (also 亦作 caplin)  a small smeltlike fish, Mallotus villosus, of the N. Atlantic, used as food and as bait for catching cod etc. 细鳞胡瓜鱼(一种形似胡瓜鱼的小毛鳞鱼，产于北大西洋，可供食用或作捕捉鳕鱼的鱼饵) [French from Provençal capelan ‘chaplain’]

caper1 /ˈkeipə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  jump or run about playfully 蹦蹦跳跳，雀跃 ●n.  1  a playful jump or leap 蹦跳，雀跃 2  a  a fantastic proceeding; a prank 怪诞的动作；恶作剧b slang  any activity or occupation [俚语]活动；职业 □ cut a caper (or capers)   act friskily 蹦跳，雀跃，欢快地动作□ caperer  n.   [abbreviation of CAPRIOLE]

caper2 /ˈkeipə/ n.  1  a bramble-like southern European shrub, Capparis spinosa 刺山柑(一种形似刺藤的山柑属灌木，产于欧洲南部地区) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  its flower buds cooked and pickled for use as flavouring esp. for a savoury sauce 刺山柑花蕾(煮熟腌制后用作调味品) [Middle English capres & French cɑˆpres via Latin capparis from Greek kapparis, treated as pl.: cf. CHERRY, PEA]

capercaillie /kæpəˈkeili/ n. (also 亦作 capercailzie /-lzi/)  a large grouse, Tetrao urogallus, of coniferous forests in northern Europe 松鸡(产于北欧针叶树林) [Gaelic capull coille ‘horse of the wood’]

capeskin /ˈkeipskin/ n.  a soft leather made from South African sheepskin 开普羊皮革(产于南非)

Cape Town /ˈkeiptaun/ n.  开普敦 [南非(阿扎尼亚)港市]

Cape Verde   佛得角

capias /ˈkeipiəs, ˈkæp-/ n. Law  a writ ordering the arrest of the person named 【法律】逮捕证 [Latin, = you are to seize, from capere ‘take’]

capillarity /kæpiˈlæriti/ n.  = CAPILLARY ACTION  [French capillarité (as CAPILLARY)]

capillary /kəˈpiləri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like a hair 毛状的 2 (of a tube) of hairlike internal diameter (管径)毛细的 3  of one of the delicate ramified blood vessels intervening between arteries and veins 毛细血管的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a capillary tube 毛细管 2  a capillary blood vessel 毛细血管 [Latin capillaris from capillus ‘hair’]

capillary action n.  the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension Also called 亦称作 capillarity 毛细作用(或现象)

capital1 /ˈkæpit(ə)l/ n., adj. & int. ●n.  1  the most important town or city of a country or region, usu. its seat of government and administrative centre 首都；首府；省会 2  a  the money or other assets with which a company starts in business 资金；本钱b  accumulated wealth, esp. as used in further production (尤用于再生产的)资产c  money invested or lent at interest 资本，股本 3  capitalists generally 资本家，资方 4  a capital letter 大写字母 ●adj.  1  a  principal; most important; leading 主要的；最重要的；首要的b colloq.  excellent, first-rate [口]极好的；第一流的 2  a  involving or punishable by death 致死的；可处死刑的  capital punishment  死刑 a capital offence  死罪b (of an error etc.) vitally harmful; fatal (错误等)极其严重的；致命的 3 (of letters of the alphabet) large in size and of the form used to begin sentences and names etc. (字母)大写的 ●int.  expressing approval or satisfaction (表示赞成或满意)好极了！ □ make capital out of   use to one's advantage 利用…牟利□ with a capital -   emphatically such 真正的；名副其实的  art with a capital A  名副其实的艺术□ capitally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin capitalis, from caput-itis ‘head’]

capital2 /ˈkæpit(ə)l/ n. Archit.  the head or cornice of a pillar or column 【建】柱顶，柱头(柱子顶端的檐口) [Middle English via Old French capitel from Late Latin capitellum, diminutive of Latin caput ‘head’]

capital gain n.  a profit from the sale of investments or property 资本收益

capital gains tax n.  a tax levied on the profit from the sale of investments or property 资本收益税

capital goods n. pl.  goods, esp. machinery, plant, etc., used or to be used in producing commodities (opp. 反义 CONSUMER GOODS) 资本货物(指生产商品所需的机器、厂房等)

capitalism /ˈkæpit(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods depend on invested private capital and profit-making 资本主义(制度)b  the possession of capital or wealth 资本(或财富)的拥有 2 Polit.  the dominance of private owners of capital and production for profit 【政】资本(私人占有和生产盈利)的支配地位

capitalist /ˈkæpit(ə)list/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person using or possessing capital; a rich person 资本家；富豪，财主 2  an advocate of capitalism 资本主义的拥护者 ●adj.  of or favouring capitalism 资本主义的；拥护资本主义的 □ capitalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ capitalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

capitalize /ˈkæpit(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  convert into or provide with capital 使资本化；为…提供资本b  calculate or realize the present value of an income 计算(或变现)收益的现有价值c  reckon (the value of an asset) by setting future benefits against the cost of maintenance 核定资产的价值(从未来的盈利中扣除维修费用) 2 tr.  a  write (a letter of the alphabet) as a capital 把(某个字母)大写b  begin (a word) with a capital letter 把(单词首字母)大写 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  use to one's advantage; profit from 利用；从…获利 □ capitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French capitaliser (as CAPITAL1)]

capital levy n.  1  the appropriation by the State of a fixed proportion of the wealth in the country (一定数额的)国家拨款 2  a wealth tax 资本税，财产税

capital sum n.  a lump sum of money, esp. payable to an insured person (尤指支付给被保险人的)大宗应付款额

capital territory n.  a territory containing the capital city of a country 首都地区

capital transfer tax n. hist. (in the UK) a tax levied on the transfer of capital by gift or bequest etc. (replaced in 1986 by INHERITANCE TAX) [史义] (英国)资本转让税 (1986 年为“遗产继承税”所代替)

capitation /kæpiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a tax or fee at a set rate per person 人口税，人头税；按人摊派的费用 2  the levying of such a tax or fee 按人征税；按人收费 [French capitation or Late Latin capitatio ‘poll tax’, from caput ‘head’]

capitation grant n.  a grant of a sum calculated from the number of people to be catered for, esp. in education 按人发放的补助金(尤指教育补助金)

Capitol /ˈkæpit(ə)l/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) (in the US) a building housing a legislature, esp. the seat of the US Congress in Washington, DC (美国) (尤指华盛顿特区的)国会大厦

capitular /kəˈpitjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or relating to a cathedral chapter 教士的；关于教士的 2 Anat.  of or relating to a terminal protuberance of a bone 【解】骨端(隆起物)的 [Late Latin capitularis from Latin capitulum CHAPTER]

capitulary /kəˈpitjʊləri/ n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a collection of ordinances, esp. of the Frankish kings [史义]法典，法令汇编(尤指法兰克王朝的法典) [Late Latin capitularius (as CAPITULAR)]

capitulate /kəˈpitjʊleit/ v. intr.  surrender, esp. on stated conditions (尤指有条件地)投降 □ capitulator  n.  □ capitulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin capitulare ‘draw up under headings’ from Latin caput ‘head’]

capitulation /kəpitjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of capitulating; surrender (有条件的)投降 2  a statement of the main divisions of a subject (学科主要分支的)概要，摘要 3  an agreement or set of conditions 协议；一系列条款

capitulum /kəˈpitjʊləm/ n. (pl. capitula /-lə/) Bot.  a dense flat cluster of flowers or florets, as in the daisy family 【植】头状花序(如菊科植物的花) [Latin, diminutive of caput ‘head’]

caplin var.  of CAPELIN  CAPELIN 的变体

cap'n /ˈkæpm/ n. colloq. [口]  captain  [contraction]

capo1 /ˈkæpəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 capo tasto /ˈtæstəʊ/) (pl. capos or capo tastos) Mus.  a device secured across the neck of a fretted instrument to raise equally the tuning of all strings by the required amount 【音】(弦乐器上的)弦枕，弦柱 [Italian capo tasto ‘head stop’]

capo2 /ˈkæpəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US  the head of a crime syndicate or of one of its branches [尤美] (犯罪集团的)头目；(犯罪集团的)分支头目 [Italian, from Latin caput ‘head’]

cap of liberty n. hist.  a conical cap given to Roman slaves on emanicipation, often used as a republican symbol [史义]自由帽(罗马奴隶被释放时戴的一种锥形帽子，常被用作是共和国的象征)

cap of maintenance n.  a cap or hat worn as a symbol of official dignity or carried before the sovereign etc. (表示官爵的)帽子；(英王加冕时排行其前的)王冠

capon /ˈkeip(ə)n/ n.  a domestic cock castrated and fattened for eating (养肥供食用的)阉鸡 □ caponize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Old English from Anglo-French capun, Old French capon, ultimately from Latin capo -onis]

caponier /kæpəˈniə/ n.  a covered passage across a ditch round a fort (城堡四周壕沟的)有顶通道 [Spanish caponera, literally ‘capon-pen’]

capot /kəˈpɒt/ n. & v. ●n. (in piquet) the winning of all the tricks by one player (皮克牌)全胜(指一个人赢得所有点数) ●v. tr. (capotted, capotting)  score a capot against (an opponent) (皮克牌)全胜，赢得所有点数 [French, perhaps from a dialect variant of chapoter ‘to castrate’]

capo tasto  see 见 CAPO1 

capote /kəˈpəʊt/ n. hist.  a long cloak with a hood, formerly worn by soldiers and travellers etc. [史义] (旧时士兵、旅行者等穿的)带风帽长斗篷 [French, diminutive of cape CAPE1]

cappuccino /kæpʊˈtʃi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  coffee with milk made frothy with pressurized steam, esp. made with espresso coffee 卡普契诺咖啡(加牛奶后用蒸汽加热煮成的浓咖啡) [Italian, = CAPUCHIN]

capriccio /kəˈpritʃiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a lively and usu. short musical composition 随想曲(活泼轻快、通常较短的音乐曲目) 2  a painting etc. representing a fantasy or a mixture of real and imaginary features 幻想画；(具有真实与想像混合特点的)图画 [Italian, = sudden start, originally ‘horror’]

capriccioso /kəpritʃiˈəʊzəʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  in a free and impulsive style 【音】随想地(的)；随心所欲地(的) [Italian, = capricious]

caprice /kəˈpri:s/ n.  1  a  an unaccountable or whimsical change of mind or conduct (思想或行为)莫名其妙的变化b  a tendency to this 随心所欲，心血来潮 2  a work of lively fancy in painting, drawing, or music; a capriccio 富于想像的艺术作品(如油画、图画、音乐等)；随想曲 [French, from Italian CAPRICCIO]

capricious /kəˈpriʃəs/ adj.  1  guided by or given to caprice 受怪念头支配的；忽发奇想的 2  irregular, unpredictable 变化无常的，变幻莫测的 □ capriciously  adv.  □ capriciousness  n.   [French capricieux from Italian CAPRICCIOSO]

Capricorn /ˈkæprikɔ:n/ n.  1 (usu. 通常作 Capricornus /-ˈkɔ:nəs/) Astron.  a constellation (the Goat), said to represent a goat with a fish's tail (or, in Hindu astrology, a crocodile) 【天】摩羯(星)座(据说像一只鱼尾山羊，印度占星学则说像鳄鱼) 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the tenth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter solstice (about 21 Dec.) 摩羯宫(黄道十二宫中的第十宫，太阳于冬至时进入该时段)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于摩羯宫时段的人 □ tropic of Capricorn   see 见 TROPIC n. 1 □ Capricornian  n. & adj.   [Middle English via Old French capricorne from Latin capricornus, from caper -pri ‘goat’ + cornu ‘horn’]

caprine /ˈkæprain/ adj.  of or like a goat 山羊的；像山羊的 [Middle English from Latin caprinus, from caper pri ‘goat’]

capriole /ˈkæpriəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a leap or caper 蹦跳，跳跃 2  a trained horse's high leap and kick without advancing (马术)原地腾跃 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse or its rider) perform a capriole (马或骑士)表演原地腾跃 2 tr.  make (a horse) capriole (使马)原地腾跃 [French from Italian capriola ‘leap’, ultimately from caper -pri ‘goat’]

Capris /kəˈpri:z/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Capri pants)  women's close-fitting tapered trousers 卡普里裤(妇女穿的一种紧身裤) [Capri, an island in the bay of Naples]

cap rock n.  a hard rock or stratum overlying a deposit of oil, gas, coal, etc. 冠岩(石油、天然气、煤矿等上方的坚硬岩石或地层)

caps. abbr.  capital letters [缩略]大写字母

Capsian /ˈkæpsiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a palaeolithic culture of N. Africa and S. Europe 卡普萨文化的(北非和南欧旧石器时代后期的一种文化) ●n.  this culture 卡普萨文化 [Latin Capsa = Gafsa in Tunisia]

capsicum /ˈkæpsikəm/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Capsicum (nightshade family), having edible capsular fruits containing many seeds, esp. C. annuum yielding chilli and sweet peppers 辣椒科植物(茄属，包括辣椒和甜椒) 2  the fruit of any of these plants, which vary in size, colour, and pungency 辣椒，甜椒 [modern Latin, perhaps from Latin capsa ‘box’]

capsid1 /ˈkæpsid/ n.  = MIRID  [modern Latin Capsus, genus name of a bug]

capsid2 /ˈkæpsid/ n.  the protein coat or shell of a virus (病毒的)壳体，衣壳 [French capside from Latin capsa ‘box’]

capsize /kæpˈsaiz/ v.  1 tr.  upset or overturn (a boat) 使(船等)倾覆，使翻船 2 intr.  be capsized (船等)倾覆，翻船 □ capsizal  n.  倾覆 [perhaps ultimately from Spanish capuzar ‘ sink (a ship) by the head’, from cabo ‘head’ + chapuzar ‘dive, duck’]

cap sleeve n.  a sleeve extending only a short distance from the shoulder (仅盖住极小一部分上臂的)短袖

capstan /ˈkæpst(ə)n/ n.  1  a thick revolving cylinder with a vertical axis, for winding an anchor cable or a halyard etc. (起锚或缠绕吊索等用的)绞盘；卷扬机 2  a motor-driven revolving spindle on a tape recorder that guides the tape past the head at constant speed (录音机)主动轮 [Provençal cabestan, ultimately from Latin capistrum ‘halter’, from capere ‘seize’]

capstan lathe n.  a lathe with a revolving tool holder 转塔式六角车床

capstone /ˈkæpstəʊn/ n.  coping; a coping stone 拱顶石，压顶石

capsule /ˈkæpsju:l, -sjʊl/ n.  1  a small soluble case of gelatin enclosing a dose of medicine and swallowed with it (药用)胶囊 2  a detachable compartment of a spacecraft or nose-cone of a rocket (宇宙飞船或火箭的)航天舱，太空舱 3  an enclosing membrane in the body (人体内的)囊，被膜 4  a top or cover for a bottle, esp. the foil or plastic covering the cork of a wine bottle (覆盖在软木塞外面的金属或塑料)瓶盖 5  a  a dry fruit that releases its seeds when ripe 荚膜，蒴果b  the spore-producing part of mosses and liverworts 孢蒴(苔藓和叶苔产生孢子的部分) 6 Biol.  an enveloping layer surrounding certain bacteria 【生】(某些细菌的)包膜 7 (作 attrib.)  concise; highly condensed 概要的；简略的  a capsule history of jazz  爵士乐简史 □ capsular  adj.  □ capsulate  adj.   [French from Latin capsula, from capsa CASE2]

capsulize /ˈkæpsjʊlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  put (information etc.) in compact form 概述(信息等)

Capt. abbr. [缩略]  Captain 

captain /ˈkæptin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a chief or leader 领袖，首领b  the leader of a team, esp. in sports (尤指体育运动)队长，领队c  a powerful or influential person 头面人物，有权势(或影响)的人  captain of industry  实业巨头 2  a  the person in command of a merchant or passenger ship 船长；舰长b  the pilot of a civil aircraft (民航飞机的)机长，第一飞行员 3 (as a title 用作军衔 Captain)  a  an army or (in the US and Canada) air force officer next above lieutenant 陆军上尉；(美国、加拿大)空军上尉b  a navy officer in command of a warship; one ranking below commodore or rear admiral and above commander (海军)舰长；海军上校c (in the US) a police officer in charge of a precinct, ranking below a chief (美国)警察局副警长 4  a Brit.  a foreman [英]工头，监工b  a head boy or girl in a school 男(女)学生班长c colloq.  the adult leader of a company of Guides, officially termed Guide Guider since 1968 [口] (女童子军的)成人队长(自 1968 年起官方术语为 Guide Guider)d N. Amer.  a supervisor of waiters or bellboys [北美]侍者领班 5  a  a great soldier or strategist 伟大的军人；战略家b  an experienced commander 久经战场的指挥官 ●v. tr.  be captain of; lead 率领，指挥 □ captaincy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ captainship  n.   [Middle English & Old French capitain via Late Latin capitaneus ‘chief’ from Latin caput capit- ‘head’]

Captain Cooker /ˌkæptin ˈkʊkə/ n. NZ  a wild boar [新]库克猪(一种野猪) [named after Capt. J. Cook, navigator and explorer d. 1779]

captain-general n. (in the UK) an honorary officer, esp. of artillery (英国) (尤指炮兵部队的)名誉军官

Captain of the Fleet n. (in the UK) a Navy staff officer in charge of maintenance (英国) (负责舰艇维修的)维修副官

caption /ˈkæpʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a title or brief explanation appended to an illustration, cartoon, etc. (图片、漫画等的)说明文字 2  wording appearing on a cinema or television screen as part of a film or broadcast (影片或电视屏幕上的)字幕 3  the heading of a chapter or article etc. (章节或文章等的)标题 4 Law  a certificate attached to or written on a document 【法律】(附在或写在文件上的)证明 ●v. tr.  provide with a caption 给…加标题(或说明文字)；为…配字幕 [in earlier use = capture, seizure, hence a warrant for arrest: Middle English from Latin captio, from capere capt- ‘take’]

captious /ˈkæpʃəs/ adj.  given to finding fault or raising petty objections 爱找岔子的，吹毛求疵的 □ captiously  adv.  □ captiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French captieux or Latin captiosus (as CAPTION)]

captivate /ˈkæptiveit/ v. tr.  1  overwhelm with charm or affection 使入迷；使迷惑 2  fascinate 迷住；使神魂颠倒 □ captivatingly  adv.  □ captivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin captivare ‘take captive’ (as CAPTIVE)]

captive /ˈkæptiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person or animal that has been taken prisoner or confined 俘虏；囚徒；猎获物 ●adj.  1  a  taken prisoner 被俘虏的；被猎获的b  kept in confinement or under restraint 被关押的；受限制的 2  a  unable to escape 无法逃脱的b  in a position of having to comply 被迷住的；受垄断的  captive audience  着迷的听众 captive market  垄断市场 3  of or like a prisoner 俘虏的，囚徒的  captive state  囚禁状态 [Middle English from Latin captivus, from capere capt- ‘take’]

captive balloon n.  a balloon held by a rope from the ground (用绳系在地面上的)系留气球

captivity /kæpˈtiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the condition or circumstances of being a captive 囚禁(或监禁)的状态b  a period of captivity 囚禁期，监禁期 2 (作 the Captivity)  the captivity of the Jews in Babylon in the 6th c. BC 巴比伦囚虏(指公元前 6 世纪大批犹太人被俘至巴比伦)

captor /ˈkæptə/ n.  a person who captures or holds captive (a person, group, etc.) 俘获(他人)者；俘捕(猎物)者 [Latin (as CAPTIVE)]

capture /ˈkæptʃə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  take prisoner; seize as a prize 俘虏；捕获；夺得(奖品)b  obtain by force or trickery (用武力或诡计)夺得；占领 2  portray in permanent form 捕捉(镜头、画面等)  could not capture the likeness  无法捕捉其相似之处 3 Physics  absorb (a subatomic particle) 【物理学】吸附(一个亚原子粒子) 4 (in board games) make a move that secures the removal of (an opposing piece) from the board (国际象棋)吃(子) 5 (of a stream) divert the upper course of (another stream) by encroaching on its basin (溪流)袭夺(指通过侵蚀其他溪流的河床而使其改变上游河道) 6  cause (data) to be stored in a computer 存盘(将数据存入计算机) 7 Astron. (of a star, planet, etc.) bring (a less massive body) permanently within its gravitational influence 【天】俘获(指大星球使小星球永久地置于其引力作用之下) ●n.  1  the act of capturing 俘获；捕获 2  a thing or person captured 捕获物；俘虏 □ capturer  n.   [French from Latin captura, from capere capt- ‘take’]

Capuchin /ˈkæp(j)ʊtʃin/ n.  1  a Franciscan friar of the new rule of 1529 (天主教)方济各会修士，嘉布遣会修士 2  a cloak and hood formerly worn by women 嘉布遣斗篷(一种带风帽的女式斗篷) 3 (作 capuchin)  a  a monkey of the S. American genus Cebus, with cowl-like hair on the head 僧帽猴(卷尾猴属动物，产于南美洲，头上有僧帽状毛发，故名)b  a variety of pigeon with head and neck feathers resembling a cowl 毛领鸽 [French from Italian cappuccino, via cappuccio ‘cowl’ from cappa CAPE1]

capybara /kæpiˈbɑ:rə/ n.  a very large semiaquatic rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, native to S. America 水豚(一种半水栖水豚，属啮齿动物，产于南美洲) [Tupi]

car /kɑ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 motor car)  a usu. four-wheeled road vehicle, able to carry a small number of people and powered by an internal-combustion engine 小汽车，轿车 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a  a wheeled vehicle, esp. of a specified kind 车辆(尤指某种特定的车辆)  tramcar  有轨电车b  a railway carriage of a specified type (具体的某种)火车车厢  dining car  餐车 3 N. Amer.  a railway carriage or van [北美]火车车厢；运货车 4  the passenger compartment of a lift, cableway, balloon, etc. (电梯、索道、气球等的)梯厢；吊舱 5 poet.  a chariot [诗]战车；凯旋彩车 □ carful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一汽车的量 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French carre, ultimately from Latin carrum, carrus, of Old Celtic origin]

carabineer /kærəbiˈniə/ n. (also 亦作 carabinier) hist. [史义]  1  a soldier whose principal weapon is a carbine (昔时的)马枪骑兵 2 (作 the Carabineers)  the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 皇家苏格兰龙骑兵卫队 [French carabinier from carabine CARBINE]

carabiniere /kærəbinˈjɛəri, 意 karabiˈnjere/ n. (pl. carabinieri pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an Italian gendarme (意大利)警察 [Italian, literally ‘carabineer’]

caracal /ˈkærəkæl/ n.  a lynx, Felis caracal, native to N. Africa and SW Asia 猞猁，大山猫(猫属动物，产于北非及西南亚地区) [French or Spanish from Turkish karakulak, from kara ‘black’ + kulak ‘ear’ (from its black ear-tufts)]

caracara /kærəˈkɑ:rə/ n.  any of several mainly tropical American birds of prey related to falcons but resembling vultures 卡拉卡拉鹰(隼科动物，样子像秃鹫，产于热带美洲) [Spanish or Portuguese caracarɑˊ, from Tupi-Guarani (imitative)]

Caracas /kəˈrækəs/ n.  加拉加斯 [委内瑞拉首都]

caracole /ˈkærəkəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  a horse's half-turn to the right or left (马术中向左或向右的)半旋转腾跃 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse or its rider) perform a caracole (马或骑士)表演半旋转腾跃 2 tr.  make (a horse) caracole 使(马)半旋转腾跃 [French]

caracul var.  of KARAKUL  KARAKUL 的变体

carafe /kəˈræf, -ˈrɑ:f/ n.  a glass container for water or wine, esp. at a table or bedside 卡拉夫瓶，饮料瓶(尤指放在餐桌或床头柜上盛水或酒的玻璃瓶) [French from Italian caraffa, ultimately from Arabic ɡ̇arrɑˉfa ‘drinking vessel’]

carambola /kær(ə)mˈbəʊlə/ n.  1  a small tree, Averrhoa carambola, native to SE Asia, bearing golden-yellow ribbed fruit 五敛子树，阳桃树(五敛子属植物，产于东南亚，结金黄色果实) 2  this fruit ; also called 亦称作 star fruit 五敛子，阳桃 [Portuguese, probably from Marathi karambal]

caramel /ˈkærəmel, -m(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  sugar or syrup heated until it turns brown, then used as a flavouring or to colour spirits etc. (用于调味或为酒等染色的)焦糖(浆)b  a kind of soft toffee made with sugar, butter, etc., melted and further heated 卡拉梅尔糖，乳脂糖，太妃糖 2  the light brown colour of caramel 焦糖色，褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 焦糖色的，褐色的 [French from Spanish caramelo]

caramelize /ˈkær(ə)məlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  convert (sugar or syrup) into caramel 把(糖或糖浆)熬成焦糖b intr. (of sugar or syrup) be converted into caramel (糖或糖浆)被制成焦糖 2 tr.  coat or cook (food) with caramelized sugar or syrup 在…上涂焦糖，用焦糖烹调 □ caramelization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

carangid /kəˈrændʒid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the large fish family Carangidae, including scads and pompanos 鲹鱼的 ●n.  a fish of this family 鲹鱼 [Latin Caranx, the genus name of a member + -ID3]

carapace /ˈkærəpeis/ n.  the hard upper shell of a tortoise or a crustacean (龟、鳖等甲壳动物的)硬壳，背甲 [French from Spanish carapacho]

carat /ˈkærət/ n.  1  a unit of weight for precious stones, now equivalent to 200 milligrams 克拉(宝石的重量单位， 1 克拉等于 200 毫克) 2 (US [美] karat)  a measure of purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carats 开(黄金纯度单位，纯金为 24 开) [French via Italian carato from Arabic ḳīrɑˉṭ ‘weight of four grains’, from Greek keration ‘fruit of the carob’ (diminutive of keras ‘horn’)]

caravan /ˈkærəvæn, kærəˈvæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Brit.  a vehicle equipped for living in and usu. towed by a motor vehicle or a horse [英] (用马或汽车拖拽的)活动住房b N. Amer.  a covered wagon or lorry [北美]有篷货车，有篷卡车 2  a company of merchants or pilgrims etc. travelling together, esp. across a desert in Asia or N. Africa (由商人或香客等组成，往返于亚洲或北非沙漠地带的)旅行队 3  a covered cart or carriage 有篷大车，有篷马车 ●v. intr. (caravanned, caravanning)  travel or live in a caravan 在活动住房中居住，在旅行队中旅行 □ caravanner  n.   [French caravane from Persian kɑˉrwɑˉn]

caravanette /kærəvæˈnet/ n. Brit.  a motor vehicle with a caravan-like rear compartment for eating, sleeping, etc. [英] (有供食宿的后部车厢的)汽车

caravanserai /kærəˈvænsərai, -ri/ n. (US also [美亦] caravansary)  an Eastern inn with a central court where caravans (see 见 CARAVAN 2) may rest (有停放车辆中心大院的东方)客店，旅舍 [Persian kɑˉrwɑˉnsarɑˉy from sarɑˉy ‘palace’]

caravan site n. (also 亦作 caravan park) Brit.  a place where caravans are parked as dwellings, often with special amenities [英] (通常备有便利设施的)活动住房停车场

caravel /ˈkærəvel/ n. (also 亦作 carvel /ˈkɑ:v(ə)l/) hist.  a small light fast ship, chiefly Spanish and Portuguese of the 15th-17th c. [史义]轻便多桅小帆船 (15 至 17 世纪西班牙和葡萄牙船只) [French caravelle via Portuguese caravela from Greek karabos ‘horned beetle, light ship’]

caraway /ˈkærəwei/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Carum carvi, bearing clusters of tiny white flowers 葛缕子(伞形科植物，其花朵为白色小花簇) [medieval Latin carui from Arabic alkarɑˉwiyɑˉ, perhaps fr Greek karon, kareon ‘cumin’]

caraway seed n.  the fruit of the caraway plant used as flavouring and as a source of oil 葛缕子籽(用于调味和榨油)

carb /kɑ:b/ n. colloq.  a carburettor [口]汽化器，化油器 [abbreviation]

carbamate /ˈkɑ:bəmeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of an amide of carbonic acid 【化】氨基甲酸盐(或酯) [CARBONIC + AMIDE]

carbide /ˈkɑ:baid/ n. Chem.  a binary compound of carbon 【化】碳化物

carbine /ˈkɑ:bain/ n.  a short firearm, usu. a rifle, originally for cavalry use 卡宾枪；(昔时骑兵用的)短筒马枪 [French carabine (this form also earlier in English), weapon of the carabin ‘mounted musketeer’]

carbo- /ˈkɑ:bəʊ/ comb. form  carbon (carbohydrate 碳水化合物 ; carbolic 石炭酸的 ; carboxyl 羧基) [构词成分]碳 :

carbohydrate /kɑ:bəˈhaidreit/ n. Biochem.  any of a large group of energy-producing organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, e.g. starch, glucose, and other sugars 【生化】碳水化合物(如淀粉、葡萄糖和其他糖类)

carbolic /kɑ:ˈbɒlik/ n. (in full 全称 carbolic acid)  phenol, esp. when used as a disinfectant 石炭酸，苯酚 [CARBO- + -OL1 + -IC]

carbolic soap n.  soap containing carbolic 石炭酸皂，酚皂

car bomb n.  a terrorist bomb concealed in or under a parked car (恐怖主义分子藏在汽车里或下的)汽车炸弹

carbon /ˈkɑ:b(ə)n/ n.  1  a non-metallic element occurring naturally as diamond, graphite, and charcoal, and in all organic compounds (symbol 符 C) (化学元素)碳 2  a  = CARBON COPY 1 b  = CARBON PAPER  3  a rod of carbon in an arc lamp (弧光灯中的)碳精棒 [French carbone, from Latin carbo -onis ‘charcoal’]

carbon-12 n.  the commonest natural carbon isotope, of mass 12, used in calculations of atomic mass units 碳 -12 (质量数为 12 的碳的稳定同位素，用于计算原子的质量单位)

carbon-14 n.  a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14, used in radiocarbon dating, and as a tracer in biochemistry 碳 -14 ，放射性碳(质量数为 14 的天然放射性同位素，用于年代测定及在生化中作示踪剂)

carbonaceous /kɑ:bəˈneiʃəs/ adj.  1  consisting of or containing carbon 由碳组成的；含碳的 2  of or like coal or charcoal 碳的；碳状的

carbonado /kɑ:bəˈneidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a dark opaque or impure kind of diamond used as an abrasive, for drills etc. (用作钻头磨料的)黑金刚石 [Portuguese]

carbonate /ˈkɑ:bəneit/ n. & v. ●n. Chem.  a salt of carbonic acid 【化】碳酸盐；碳酸酯 ●v. tr.  1  impregnate with carbon dioxide; aerate 给…充二氧化碳；(用二氧化碳)使泡腾 2  convert into a carbonate 将…烧成碳；使碳化 □ carbonation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French carbonat from modern Latin carbonatum (as CARBON)]

carbon black n.  a fine carbon powder made by burning hydrocarbons in insufficient air 碳黑(在空气不足的情况下焚烧碳氢化合物产生的一种很细的碳粉末)

carbon copy n.  1  a copy made with carbon paper 复写本，副本 2  a person or thing identical or similar to another 一模一样的人(或物)，相似的人(或物)  is a carbon copy of his father  跟他父亲一模一样

carbon cycle n. Biol.  the cycle in which carbon compounds are interconverted, usu. by living organisms 【生】碳循环(碳在生物体内互相转换的周期循环)

carbon dating n.  the determination of the age of an organic object from the ratio of isotopes which changes as carbon-14 decays 碳 -14 年代测定法，碳定年法

carbon dioxide n.  a colourless odourless gas occurring naturally in the atmosphere and formed by respiration Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CO2 二氧化碳

carbon disulphide n.  a colourless liquid used as a solvent Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CS2 二硫化碳

carbon fibre n.  a thin strong crystalline filament of carbon used as strengthening material in resins, ceramics, etc. 碳纤维，碳化纤维(用于强化树脂、陶器等材料)

carbonic /kɑ:ˈbɒnik/ adj. Chem.  containing carbon 【化】含碳的

carbonic acid n.  a very weak acid formed from carbon dioxide dissolved in water 碳酸(二氧化碳溶于水中所形成的一种酸性很弱的物质)

carbonic acid gas n. archaic  carbon dioxide [古义]碳酸气，二氧化碳

carboniferous /kɑ:bəˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  producing coal 产炭的；产煤的 2 (作 Carboniferous) Geol.  of or relating to the fifth period in the Palaeozoic era, with evidence of the first reptiles and extensive coal-forming swamp forests 【地质】石炭纪的；石炭系的 ●n. (作 Carboniferous) Geol.  this period or system 【地质】石炭纪；石炭系

carbonize /ˈkɑ:bənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  convert into carbon by heating 使碳化 2  reduce to charcoal or coke 使焦化 3  coat with carbon 给…涂碳 □ carbonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

carbon monoxide n.  a colourless odourless toxic gas formed by the incomplete burning of carbon Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CO 一氧化碳

carbonnade /kɑ:bəˈnɑ:d, -ˈneid/ n.  a rich beef stew made with onions and beer (洋葱啤酒)炖牛肉 [French]

carbon paper n.  a thin carbon-coated paper used for making (esp. typed) copies (尤指打字用的)复写纸

carbon steel n.  a steel with properties dependent on the percentage of carbon present 碳(素)钢

carbon tax n.  a proposed tax on the carbon emissions that result from burning fossil fuels (e.g. in motor vehicles) because of their contribution to the greenhouse effect (机动车辆)碳污染税

carbon tetrachloride n.  a colourless volatile liquid used as a solvent Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CCl4 四氯化碳

carbonyl /ˈkɑ:bənail, -nil/ n. (used 用作 attrib.) Chem.  the divalent radical :C=O 【化】羰基，碳酰基

carbonyl chloride n. Chem. 【化】  = PHOSGENE 

car boot sale n. Brit.  a usu. outdoor sale at which participants sell unwanted possessions from the boots of their cars or from tables [英]汽车行李箱拍卖

carborundum /kɑ:bəˈrʌndəm/ n.  a compound of carbon and silicon used esp. as an abrasive 金刚砂，碳化硅(尤用作研磨料) [CARBON + CORUNDUM]

carboxyl /kɑ:ˈbɒksail, -sil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent acid radical -COOH, present in most organic acids 【化】羧基(存在于大多数有机酸中的单价酸基) [CARBON + OXYGEN + -YL]

carboxylic acid /kɑ:bɒk ˈsilik/ n. Chem.  an organic acid containing the carboxyl group 【化】羧酸(一种含羧基的有机酸) □ carboxylate  /kɑ:ˈbɒksiˌleit/ n.  

carboy /ˈkɑ:bɔi/ n.  a large globular glass bottle usu. protected by a frame, for containing esp. liquids 小口大玻璃瓶(常有护套，尤用来装运危险液体) [Persian karɑˉba ‘large glass flagon’]

carbuncle /ˈkɑ:bʌŋk(ə)l/ n.  1  a severe abscess in the skin (皮肤上的)痈；红疹，红斑 2  a bright red gem 红榴石，红宝石 □ carbuncular  /-ˈbʌŋkjʊlə/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French charbucle etc. from Latin carbunculus ‘small coal’, from carbo ‘coal’]

carburation /kɑ:bjʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of charging air with a spray of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, esp. in an internal-combustion engine (尤指内燃机内的)燃料汽化；化油过程 [as CARBURET]

carburet /kɑ:bjʊˈret/ v. tr. (carburetted, carburetting; US [美] carbureted, carbureting)  combine (a gas etc.) with carbon 使(气体)与碳结合 [earlier carbure via French from Latin carbo (as CARBON)]

carburettor /kɑ:bjʊˈretə, -bə-/ n. (also 亦作 carburetter, US [美] carburetor)  an apparatus for carburation of petrol and air in an internal-combustion engine (内燃机中的)汽化器，化油器 [as CARBURET + -OR1]

carburize /ˈkɑ:bjʊraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  add carbon to (iron) 给(铁)加碳 □ carburization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [carburet ‘carbide’ + -IZE]

carcajou /ˈkɑ:kədʒu:, -əʒu:/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = GLUTTON 3  [French, apparently of Algonquian origin (cf. KINKAJOU)]

carcass /ˈkɑ:kəs/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] carcase)  1  the dead body of an animal, esp. a trunk for cutting up as meat 动物尸体(尤指宰杀后供切割取肉的躯体) 2  the bones of a cooked bird (煮熟禽鸟的)骨架 3 derog.  the human body, living or dead [贬] (人的)躯体；尸体 4  the skeleton, framework of a building, ship, etc. (建筑、船只等)架子，骨架；构架 5  worthless remains (无价值的)残骸 [Middle English from Anglo-French carcois (Old French charcois) and from French carcasse: ultimate origin unknown]

carcass meat n. Brit.  raw meat as distinct from corned or tinned meat [英] (区别于腌肉或罐头肉的)鲜肉

carcinogen /kɑ:ˈsinədʒ(ə)n/ n.  any substance that causes cancer 致癌物质 [as CARCINOMA + -GEN]

carcinogenesis /ˌkɑ:s(i)nəˈdʒenisis/ n.  the production of cancer 癌病变，致癌作用

carcinogenic /ˌkɑ:s(i)nəˈdʒenik/ adj.  tending to cause cancer 可能致癌的 □ carcinogenicity  /-ˈnisiti/ n.  

carcinoma /kɑ:siˈnəʊmə/ n. (pl. carcinomata /-tə/ or carcinomas)  a cancer, esp. one arising in epithelial tissue 癌症(尤指上皮组织癌症) □ carcinomatous  adj.   [Latin from Greek karkinōma, from karkinos ‘crab’]

car coat n.  a short coat designed esp. for car drivers (尤指为汽车司机设计的)便装短大衣

Card. abbr. [缩略]  Cardinal 

card1 /kɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  thick stiff paper or thin pasteboard 原纸片，薄纸板 2  a  a flat piece of this, esp. for writing or printing on 卡，卡片b  = POSTCARD c  a card used to send greetings, issue an invitation, etc. (祝贺、邀请等的)柬帖，贺卡  birthday card  生日贺卡d  = VISITING CARD e  = BUSINESS CARD f  a ticket of admission or membership etc. 入场券；会员证 3  a  = PLAYING CARD b  a similar card in a set designed for particular games, e.g. happy families (用于玩特定游戏的)一套纸牌c (in pl. 用复数)  card-playing; a card game 玩纸牌；纸牌游戏 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  an employee's documents, esp. for tax and national insurance, held by the employer [英口] (存放于雇主处，尤指用于纳税和保险的)雇员证件 5  a  a programme of events at a race meeting etc. (赛马、赛跑等)节目单，项目单b Cricket  a scorecard 【板球】计分卡c  a list of holes on a golf course, on which a player's scores are entered (高尔夫球)计分卡 6 colloq.  a person, esp. an odd or amusing one [口]怪人，引人发笑的人  what a card!  真是个怪人！ a knowing card  机灵鬼，精明的人 7  a plan or expedient 计划；对策  sure card  妙计 8  a printed or written notice, set of rules, etc., for display (印刷或书写在纸版上展示的)商品广告牌；通告牌 9  a  a small rectangular piece of plastic issued by a bank, building society, etc., with personal (often machine-readable) data on it, chiefly to obtain cash or credit (银行、建筑协会等发放的用于支取现金或进行信贷的长方形塑料)卡  cheque card  支票卡 credit card  信用卡 do you have a card?  你有信用卡吗？b  a similar piece of plastic, e.g. a phonecard, sold or issued for various purposes 电话卡等 10  a printed circuit board 印刷线路板 ●v. tr.  1  fix to a card 把…贴附到卡片上 2  write on a card, esp. for indexing 把…记在卡片上(尤指用作索引资料) □ ask for (or get) one's cards  Brit.  ask (or be told) to leave one's employment [英]要求辞职；被解雇□ card up one's sleeve  Brit.  a plan in reserve; a hidden advantage [英]秘而不宣的计划；隐藏的优势□ on (N. Amer. [北美] in) the cards   possible or likely 很可能的，可能发生的□ put (or lay) one's cards on the table   reveal one's resources, intentions, etc. 摊牌，把自己的意图和盘托出 [Middle English via Old French carte and Latin charta from Greek khartēs ‘papyrus leaf’]

card2 /kɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a toothed instrument, wire brush, etc., for raising a nap on cloth or for disentangling fibres before spinning 梳棉(毛、麻)机；起毛机；钢丝刷 ●v. tr.  brush, comb, cleanse, or scratch with a card (用梳毛机等)梳理 □ carder  n.   [Middle English via Old French carde from Provençal carda, from cardar ‘tease, comb’, ultimately from Latin carere ‘to card’]

cardamom /ˈkɑ:dəməm/ n. (also 亦作 cardamum)  1  an aromatic SE Asian plant, Elettaria cardamomum 豆蔻(姜科多年生草本植物，产于东南亚) 2  the seed capsules of this used as a spice (用作调味品及入药的)豆蔻果实 [Latin cardamomum or French cardamome from Greek kardamōmon, from kardamon ‘cress’ + amōmon the name of a spice plant]

cardan joint /ˈkɑ:d(ə)n/ n. Engin.  a universal joint 【工程】万向节，万向接头 [named after G. Cardano, Italian mathematician d. 1576]

cardan shaft /ˈkɑ:d(ə)n/ n. Brit. Engin.  a shaft with a universal joint at one or both ends [英]【工程】万向轴

cardboard /ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  pasteboard or stiff paper, esp. for making cards or boxes (尤指作纸箱用的)薄纸板，卡纸板 ●adj.  1  made of cardboard 用薄纸板制作的 2  flimsy, insubstantial 不坚固的，易损坏的

cardboard city n.  an urban area where homeless people make shelters at night from cardboard boxes etc. (无家可归的人在纸板箱里过夜的)纸板箱市区

card-carrying attrib. adj.  registered as a member (esp. of a political party or trade union) (尤指政党或工会)持有正式成员证的，注册党员(会员)的

card game n.  a game in which playing cards are used 纸牌戏，扑克牌戏

cardholder /ˈkɑ:dhəʊldə/ n.  the holder of a credit card 信用卡持有人

cardiac /ˈkɑ:diæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the heart 心脏的；关于心脏的 2  of or relating to the part of the stomach nearest the oesophagus 贲门的(胃靠近食管的部位) ●n. colloq.  a person with heart disease [口]心脏病患者 [French cardiaque or Latin cardiacus from Greek kardiakos, from kardia ‘heart’]

cardiac tamponade  see 见 TAMPONADE 

cardie var.  of CARDY  CARDY 的变体

cardigan /ˈkɑ:diɡ(ə)n/ n.  a knitted jacket fastening down the front, usu. with long sleeves 卡迪根式夹克衫(通常为长袖) [named after the 7th Earl of Cardigan (d. 1868), whose troops first wore such garments during the Crimean war]

cardinal /ˈkɑ:d(i)n(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (as a title 用作头衔 Cardinal)  a leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the college electing the Pope (罗马天主教会的)红衣主教 2  any American songbird of the subfamily Cardinalinae, esp. the common Cardinalis cardinalis, the male of which has scarlet plumage 红衣凤头鸟(尤指美洲凤鸟亚科鸣禽，雄鸟羽毛为鲜红色) 3 hist.  a woman's cloak, originally of scarlet cloth with a hood [史义] (一种原为红色的)带风帽女式斗篷 ●adj.  1  chief, fundamental; on which something hinges 主要的，基本的 2  of deep scarlet (like a cardinal's cassock) 鲜红的，深红的 □ cardinalate  /-leit/ n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ cardinally  adv.  □ cardinalship  n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin cardinalis, from cardo -inis ‘hinge’: in English first applied to the four virtues on which conduct ‘hinges’]

cardinal flower n.  the scarlet lobelia 红花半边莲

cardinal humour  see 见 HUMOUR n. 5 

cardinal number n.  a number denoting quantity (one, two, three, etc.), as opposed to an ordinal number (first, second, third, etc.) 基数，纯数(如 1 、 2 、 3 等，与序数第 1 、第 2 、第 3 等相对)

cardinal point n.  each of the four main points of the compass (N., S., E., W.) (罗盘上的)方位基点(指北、南、东、西)

cardinal virtue n.  each of the chief moral attributes (originally of scholastic philosophy): justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude 基本德性，基本道德(古代经院哲学中的四德：公正、审慎、节制和坚毅)

card index n. & v. ●n.  an index in which each item is entered on a separate card 卡片目录，卡片索引 ●v. tr. (作 card-index)  make a card index of 将…制成卡片索引

carding wool n.  short-stapled wool 短纤维羊毛

cardio- /ˈkɑ:diəʊ/ comb. form  heart (cardiogram 心电图 ; cardiology 心脏病学) [构词成分]心脏 [Greek kardia ‘heart’]

cardiogram /ˈkɑ:diə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a record of muscle activity within the heart, made by a cardiograph 心电图，心动电流图

cardiograph /ˈkɑ:diə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording heart muscle activity, e.g. an electrocardiograph 心电图仪，心电描记器 □ cardiographer  /-ˈɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ cardiography  /-ˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

cardioid /ˈkɑ:diɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Math.  a heart-shaped curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle as it rolls around another identical circle 【数】心脏线 2  a directional microphone with a pattern of sensitivity of this shape (灵敏度模式呈心形的)定向麦克风 ●adj.  1  of the shape of a cardioid 心脏线形的 2 (of a microphone) having a cardioid pattern of sensitivity (麦克风)灵敏度模式呈心脏形的 [Greek kardioeidēs ‘heart-shaped’, from kardia ‘heart’ + -OID]

cardiology /kɑ:diˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medicine concerned with diseases and abnormalities of the heart 心脏病学 □ cardiologist  n.  

cardiomyopathy /ˌkɑ:diəʊmaiˈɒpəθi/ n. Med.  chronic disease of the heart muscle 【医】(尤指原发性的)心肌病

cardiopulmonary /ˌkɑ:diəʊˈpʌlmən(ə)ri/ adj. Med.  of or relating to the heart and the lungs 【医】心肺的

cardiovascular /ˌkɑ:diə(ʊ)ˈvæskjʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to the heart and blood vessels (疾病等)心血管的，侵袭心血管的

cardoon /kɑ:ˈdu:n/ n.  a thistle-like plant, Cynara cardunculus, allied to the globe artichoke, with leaves used as a vegetable 刺花蓟(菜蓟属植物，形状像大蓟，与朝鲜蓟有亲缘关系，叶可作蔬菜) [French cardon, ultimately from Latin cardu(u)s ‘thistle’]

cardphone /ˈkɑ:dfəʊn/ n. Brit.  a public telephone operated by the insertion of a prepaid plastic machine-readable card instead of money [英]磁卡(公用)电话

card-playing n.  the playing of card games 玩扑克牌

card-sharp n. (also 亦作 card-sharper)  a swindler at card games (纸牌游戏)作弊老手；以赌博行骗者

card table n.  a table for card-playing, esp. a folding one 牌桌(供玩牌用，尤指折叠式牌桌)

card vote n. Brit.  a block vote, esp. in trade-union meetings [英]凭卡投票法(尤指欧洲某些工会会议的投票)

cardy /ˈkɑ:di/ n. (also 亦作 cardie) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a cardigan [英口]卡迪根式夹克衫 [abbreviation]

care /kɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  worry, anxiety 忧虑，烦恼；挂念 2  an occasion for this 烦恼事，操心事 3  serious attention; heed, caution, pains 注意，留心；小心，谨慎；悲伤  assembled with care  谨慎装配 handle with care  小心轻放 4  a  protection, charge 保护；负责照管b Brit. [英]  = CHILDCARE  5  a thing to be done or seen to 需要做或(照管)的事情 ●v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, for, whether, if, etc.)  feel concern, interest, or emotion 关心，关怀；感兴趣 2 (foll. by 后跟 for, about, and with neg. expressed or implied 并表达或暗示否定意义)  feel liking, regard, or deference 喜欢，在意，敬重  don't care for jazz  不喜欢爵士乐 don't care about what he thinks  不在乎他怎么想 3 (foll. by 后跟 for or to + infin.)  wish or be willing 希望；愿意  more times than I care to count  次数多得数不过来了 would you care for a cup of coffee?  你想喝杯咖啡吗？ □ care for   provide for; look after 抚养；照料□ care of   at the address of 由某人转交  sent it care of his sister  这封信由他的姐姐转交□ for all one cares  colloq.  denoting uninterest or unconcern [口]与某人全然不相干，不关某人的事  for all I care they can leave tomorrow  他们可以明天离开，与我不相干 I could be dying for all you care  我可能生命垂危也不关你的事□ have a care   take care; be careful 当心，小心□ I etc. couldn't (US also [美亦] could) care less  colloq.  an expression of complete indifference [口] (我等)一点也不在乎；一点也不关心□ in care  Brit. (of a child) taken into the care of a local authority [英] (孩子)由当地政府照料□ take care   1  be careful 当心，注意 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  not fail or neglect 别忘了做，一定做□ take care of   1  look after; keep safe 照料；保管好 2  deal with 对待，对付 3  dispose of 处理 [Old English caru, carian, from Germanic]

careen /kəˈri:n/ v.  1 tr.  turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, caulking, or repair 将船倾侧，将船倾倒(以清洗、捻缝或修理) 2  a intr.  tilt; lean over 倾斜，倚靠b tr.  cause to do this 使倾斜，使倾侧 3 intr. N. Amer.  swerve about; career [北美] (车辆)歪歪斜斜地行驶；猛冲 □ careenage  n.   [earlier as noun, = careened position of ship, from French carène from Italian carena from Latin carina keel]■Usage 用法说明 Sense 3 of careen is influenced by career (v.). careen 一词的释义 3 受动词 career 的影响。 

career /kəˈriə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  one's advancement through life, esp. in a profession (尤指职业方面)生涯，经历b  the progress through history of a group or institution (组织或机构的)发展历程 2  a profession or occupation, esp. as offering advancement 职业，事业；成就，成功 3 (作 attrib.)  a  pursuing or wishing to pursue a career 从事(或希望从事)某个职业  career woman  职业妇女b  working permanently in a specified profession (永久性)从事某个职业  career diplomat  职业外交家 4  swift course; impetus 全速前进；推进  in full career  全速地 ●v. intr.  1  move or swerve about wildly 奔驰，猛冲 2  go swiftly 迅速行走 [in earlier use, a race-course or road: French carrière via Italian carriera from a Romanic word meaning ‘carriage-road’, ultimately from Latin carrus CAR]

careerist /kəˈriərist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person predominantly concerned with personal advancement in a career, esp. by unscrupulous means 一味追求名利者，野心家(尤指为飞黄腾达不择手段的人) ●adj.  intent on such advancement 一味追求名利的 □ careerism  n.  

career structure n.  a recognized pattern of advancement within a job or profession 职业结构

carefree /ˈkɛəfri:/ adj.  free from anxiety or responsibility; light-hearted 轻松愉快的；无忧无虑的；无责任的 □ carefreeness  n.  

careful /ˈkɛəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  painstaking, thorough 用心的，费力的 2  cautious 谨慎的，小心的 3  done with care and attention 仔细的，聚精会神的 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  taking care; not neglecting 精心的，不疏忽大意的 5 (foll. by 后跟 for, of)  concerned for; taking care of 关切的，关心的 □ carefully  adv.  □ carefulness  n.   [Old English carful (as CARE, -FUL)]

caregiver /ˈkɛəɡivə/ n.  a person who regularly cares for a child or for an elderly or disabled person (cf. 参见 CARER) (定期)照看孩子(老人、残疾人)者

care label n.  a label attached to clothing, with instructions for washing etc. (为洗涤的衣服附上说明的)使用须知标签

careless /ˈkɛəlis/ adj.  1  not taking care or paying attention 粗心的，疏忽的 2  unthinking, insensitive 考虑不周的；麻木不仁的 3  done without care; inaccurate 草率的；不准切的 4  light-hearted 无忧无虑的 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  not concerned about; taking no heed of 不关心的，淡漠的 6  effortless; casual 随便的；顺其自然的 □ carelessly  adv.  □ carelessness  n.   [Old English carlēas (as CARE, -LESS)]

carer /ˈkɛərə/ n. Brit.  a person who cares for a sick or elderly person, esp. a relative at home [英]照看病人(或老人)者，(尤指)在家中照看亲属者

caress /kəˈres/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  touch or stroke gently or lovingly; kiss 轻拍，抚摸；亲吻 2  treat fondly or kindly 爱抚 ●n.  a loving or gentle touch or kiss 爱抚，抚摸；亲吻 □ caressingly  adv.   [French caresse (n.), caresser (v.), from Italian carezza, ultimately from Latin carus ‘dear’]

caret /ˈkærət/ n.  a mark (ʌ, ⁁) indicating a proposed insertion in printing or writing (书写或印刷中的)脱字号，补注号 [Latin, = is lacking]

caretaker /ˈkɛəteikə/ n.  1  a person employed to look after something, esp. a house in the owner's absence, or Brit. a public building 看管人(尤指受雇替人照看房子)；[英] (公共建筑)看门人 2 (作 attrib.)  exercising temporary authority 临时代理的  caretaker government  看守政府

careworn /ˈkɛəwɔ:n/ adj.  showing the effects of prolonged worry 忧心忡忡的

carfare /ˈkɑ:fɛə/ n. N. Amer.  a passenger's fare to travel by public transport [北美] (公共交通的)车费，车资

cargo /ˈkɑ:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a  goods carried on a ship or aircraft (轮船或飞机装载的)货物b  a load of such goods (船、飞机的)装载量 2 US [美]  a  goods carried in a motor vehicle (机动车辆装载的)货物b  a load of such goods (一车的)装载量 [Spanish, = Old French charge from Late Latin car(ri)care: see CHARGE]

cargo cult n. (originally in the Pacific Islands) a belief in the forthcoming arrival of ancestral spirits bringing cargoes of food and other goods 货物崇拜(南太平洋一些岛屿上土著人的迷信，认为祖先的灵魂会给他们带来大量的商品和其他货物)

carhop /ˈkɑ:hɒp/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a waiter at a drive-in restaurant [北美口] (服务到车的)路旁餐馆服务员

cariama var.  of SERIEMA  SERIEMA 的变体

Carib /ˈkærib/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an aboriginal inhabitant of the southern W. Indies or the adjacent coasts 加勒比人(西印度群岛南部或附近海岸上的土著居民) 2  the language of the Caribs 加勒比语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Caribs or their language 加勒比人的；加勒比语的 [Spanish Caribe from Haitian Creole]

Caribbean /kæriˈbi:ən, kəˈribiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  the part of the Atlantic between the southern W. Indies and Central America 加勒比海(大西洋位于西印度群岛南部和中美洲之间的部分) ●adj.  1  of or relating to this region 加勒比海的 2  of the Caribs or their language or culture 加勒比人的；加勒比语的；加勒比文化的

Caribbean Sea n.  加勒比海 [中美洲]

caribou /ˈkæribu:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a N. American reindeer 北美驯鹿 [Canadian French, from Micmac γalipu literally ‘snow-shoveller’]

caricature /ˈkærikətjʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a grotesque usu. comic representation of a person by exaggeration of characteristic traits, in a picture, writing, or mime (漫画、文章、哑剧中对人物的)夸张性模仿(或表演)；漫画手法 2  a ridiculously poor or absurd imitation or version 令人发笑的模仿，拙劣的表演 ●v. tr.  make or give a caricature of 用漫画手法表现 □ caricatural  adj.  □ caricaturist  n.   [French from Italian caricatura, from caricare ‘load, exaggerate’ (as CHARGE)]

caries /ˈkɛəri:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone 龋齿；骨疡，骨疽 [Latin]

carillon /ˈkæriljən, -lɒn, kəˈriljən/ n.  1  a set of bells sounded either from a keyboard or mechanically 排钟，钟琴；电子钟琴 2  a tune played on bells 钟乐 3  an organ stop imitating a peal of bells (管风琴上)模仿钟声的音栓 [French from Old French quarregnon ‘peal of four bells’, alteration of Romanic quaternio from Latin quattuor ‘four’]

carina /kəˈrainə, -ˈri:-/ n. Biol.  a keel-shaped structure, esp. the ridge of a bird's breastbone 【生】隆线，脊(尤指鸟的突出胸骨) □ carinal  adj.   [Latin, = keel]

carinate /ˈkærineit, -ət/ adj. (of a bird) having a keeled breastbone (opp. 反义 RATITE) (鸟)有突出胸骨的 [Latin carinatus ‘keeled’ from carina ‘keel’]

caring /ˈkɛəriŋ/ adj.  1  kind, humane 慈善的，仁爱的 2 (作 attrib.)  concerned with looking after the sick, elderly, or disabled 护理的  caring professions  护理职业

carioca /kæriˈəʊkə/ n.  1  a  a Brazilian dance resembling the samba 卡里奥克舞(巴西舞蹈，类似于桑巴舞)b  the music for this 卡里奥克舞曲 2  a native of Rio de Janeiro (巴西)里约热内卢人 [Portuguese]

cariogenic /kɛəriəˈdʒenik, kær-/ adj.  causing caries 引起龋齿的；引起骨疽的

cariole var.  of CARRIOLE  CARRIOLE 的变体

carious /ˈkɛəriəs/ adj. (of bones or teeth) decayed 骨疡的，骨疽的；龋齿的 [Latin cariosus]

carjacking /ˈkɑ:dʒækiŋ/ n.  the hijacking of a car 抢劫(或劫持)汽车 □ carjack  v. tr.  □ carjacker  n.  

carking /ˈkɑ:kiŋ/ adj. archaic  burdensome [古义]沉重的，难以负担的；令人烦恼的  carking care  难以忍受的忧虑 [part. of obsolete verb cark ‘worry, burden’, via Old Norman French carkier from Romanic, related to CHARGE]

Carl /kɑ:l/   卡尔 [人名]

carl /kɑ:l/ n. Sc.  a man; a fellow [苏格兰]男人；小伙子 [Old English from Old Norse karl, related to CHURL]

Carla /ˈkɑ:lə/   卡拉 [人名]

carline /ˈkɑ:lin/ n.  a thistle-like plant of the genus Carlina, esp. C. vulgaris 矮鸡蓟(一种形状似大鳍蓟的植物) [French from medieval Latin carlina, perhaps for cardina (Latin carduus ‘thistle’), associated with Carolus Magnus ‘Charlemagne’, to whom its medicinal properties were said to have been revealed]

carload /ˈkɑ:ləʊd/ n.  1  a quantity that can be carried in a car (车辆的)载荷，一车的量 2 US  the minimum quantity of goods for which a lower rate is charged for transport [美] (低运费率的)整车货物最少吨数

Carlovingian /kɑ:ləˈvindʒiən/ var.  of CAROLINGIAN  CAROLINGIAN 的变体

Carmelite /ˈkɑ:milait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a friar or nun of a contemplative order dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel (天主教)加尔默罗会修士(或修女) ●adj.  of or relating to the Carmelites 加尔默罗会修士(或修女)的 [French Carmelite or medieval Latin carmelita, from Mount Carmel in Palestine, where the order was founded in the 12th c.]

carminative /ˈkɑ:minətiv, kɑ:ˈminətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving flatulence 减轻胃肠气胀的，驱风的 ●n.  a carminative drug (医治胃肠气胀的)驱风止痛剂 [French carminatif -ive, or medieval Latin carminare ‘heal (by incantation)’: related to CHARM]

carmine /ˈkɑ:main, -min/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a vivid crimson colour 胭脂红色(一种深红色)的 ●n.  1  this colour 胭脂红色 2  a vivid crimson pigment made from cochineal (从胭脂虫体中提取的)胭脂红色素 [French carmin or medieval Latin carminium, ultimately from Arabic ḳirmiz KERMES]

carnage /ˈkɑ:nidʒ/ n.  great slaughter, esp. of human beings in battle 大屠杀(尤指战争中对人类的屠杀) [French via Italian carnaggio and medieval Latin carnaticum from Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carnal /ˈkɑ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the body or flesh; worldly 肉体的；世俗的，尘世的 2  sensual, sexual 肉感的，性感的；性欲的，淫荡的 □ carnality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ carnalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ carnally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin carnalis, from caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carnal knowledge n. esp. Law  sexual intercourse 【法律】性交

carnassial /kɑ:ˈnæsiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a carnivore's upper premolar and lower molar teeth) adapted for shearing flesh; sectorial (食肉兽)裂齿的 ●n.  such a tooth (食肉兽的)裂齿，食肉齿 [French carnassier ‘carnivorous’]

carnation1 /kɑ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a cultivated variety of clove pink, with variously coloured showy flowers 麝香石竹，康乃馨(人工栽培，花色艳丽) [origin uncertain: in 16th c. varying with coronation; perhaps ultimately from a misreading of Arabic karanful ‘clove, clove pink’, from Greek karyophyllon]

carnation2 /kɑ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a rosy pink colour 肉红色，粉红色 ●adj.  of this colour 肉红色的，粉红色的 [French from Italian carnagione, ultimately from Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carnauba /kɑ:ˈnɔ:bə, -ˈnaʊbə/ n.  1  a fan palm, Copernicia cerifera, native to NE Brazil; also called WAX PALM 巴西棕榈树(原产地为巴西东北部地区，亦称蜡棕榈) 2 (in full 全称 carnauba wax)  the yellowish wax exuded by the leaves of this tree and used as a polish etc. 巴西棕榈蜡(用于制作上光蜡等) [Portuguese from Tupi]

carnelian var.  of CORNELIAN  CORNELIAN 的变体

carnet /ˈkɑ:nei/ n.  1  a customs permit to take a motor vehicle across a frontier for a limited period (欧洲过境驾驶的)海关许可证 2 Brit.  a permit allowing use of a campsite [英] (宿营地的)使用许可证 [French, = notebook]

carnival /ˈkɑ:niv(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the festivities usual during the period before Lent in Roman Catholic countries (天主教国家大斋节前持续一周的)狂欢节，嘉年华会b  a festival usu. occurring at a regular date and involving a procession (定期的)表演会；博览会 2  merrymaking, revelry, or a period of such revelry 狂欢作乐，欢宴 3 N. Amer.  a travelling funfair or circus [北美] (流动)游艺团，马戏团 □ carnivalesque  /-ˈlesk/ adj.   [Italian carne-, carnovale via medieval Latin carnelevarium etc. ‘Shrovetide’ from Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’ + levare ‘put away’]

carnivore /ˈkɑ:nivɔ:/ n.  1  a  any mammal of the order Carnivora, with powerful jaws and teeth adapted for stabbing, tearing, and eating flesh, including cats, dogs, and bears 食肉动物(包括猫、狗、熊等)b  any other flesh-eating animal 其他食肉动物 2  a carnivorous plant 食虫植物 [French, from Latin carnivorus CARNIVOROUS]

carnivorous /kɑ:ˈniv(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of an animal) feeding on flesh (动物)食肉的 2 (of a plant) digesting trapped insects or other animal substances (植物)食虫的 3  of or relating to the order Carnivora 食肉目动物的 □ carnivorously  adv.  □ carnivorousness  n.   [Latin carnivorus from caro carnis ‘flesh’ + -VOROUS]

carob /ˈkærəb/ n.  1 (in full 全称 carob tree)  an evergreen tree, Ceratonia siliqua, native to the Mediterranean, bearing edible pods 角豆树(一种长角豆属常青乔木，原产地为地中海，其荚果可食用) 2  its bean-shaped edible seed pod, sometimes used as a substitute for chocolate 角豆荚果(有时用作巧克力的替代品) [obsolete French carobe via medieval Latin carrubia, -um from Arabic karrūba]

Carol /ˈkærəl/   卡罗尔 [人名]

carol /ˈkær(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a joyous song, esp. a Christmas hymn 赞美诗，(尤指)圣诞颂歌 ●v. (carolled, carolling; US [美] caroled, caroling)  1 intr.  sing carols, esp. outdoors at Christmas 合唱圣诞颂歌(尤指圣诞节时在户外挨门挨户地唱) 2 tr. & intr.  sing joyfully 欢乐地唱 □ caroller  n. (US [美] caroler)   [Middle English from Old French carole, caroler, of unknown origin]

Carole /ˈkærəl/   卡罗尔 [人名]

Carolina duck /kærəˈlainə/ n.  a duck of N. American woodland, Aix sponsa 卡罗来纳鸭(鸳鸯属鸟类动物，产于北美林地)

Caroline /ˈkærəlain/ adj.  1 (also 亦作 Carolean /-ˈli:ən/)  of the time of Charles I or II of England 查理时代的(指英国查理一世和二世时代) 2  = CAROLINGIANadj. 2  [Latin Carolus ‘Charles’]

Carolingian /kærəˈlindʒiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Carlovingian /ˌkɑ:ləˈvindʒiən/) ●adj.  1  of or relating to the second Frankish dynasty, founded by Charlemagne (d. 814) 卡洛林王朝的(指查理曼(卒于公元 814 年)建立的法兰克王朝) 2  of a style of script developed in France at the time of Charlemagne 卡洛林小草书体的 ●n.  1  a member of the Carolingian dynasty 卡洛林王朝王室成员 2  the Carolingian style of script 卡洛林小草书体 [French carlovingien from Karl ‘Charles’, on the pattern of mérovingien (see MEROVINGIAN), influenced by Latin Carolus]

carol-singing n.  the singing of carols, esp. by groups who go from door to door at Christmas with the object of raising money 唱圣诞颂歌(尤指以募捐为目的挨门挨户合唱) □ carol-singer  n.  

Carolyn /ˈkærəlin/   卡罗琳 [人名]

carom /ˈkærəm/ n. & v. N. Amer. Billiards [北美]【台球】  ●n.  a cannon 双球连击 ●v. intr.  1  make a carom 使双球连击 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  strike and rebound 撞击而弹回 [abbreviation of carambole from Spanish carambola]

carotene /ˈkærəti:n/ n.  an orange or red plant pigment found in carrots etc. and acting as a source of vitamin A 胡萝卜素 [German Carotin, from Latin carota CARROT]

carotenoid /kəˈrɒtinɔid/ n.  any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, giving colour to plant parts, e.g. ripe tomatoes, autumn leaves, etc. 类胡萝卜素(可使植物各部位呈现黄、橙或红色，如成熟的西红柿、秋叶等)

carotid /kəˈrɒtid/ n. & adj. ●n.  each of the two main arteries carrying blood to the head and neck 颈动脉 ●adj.  of or relating to either of these arteries 颈动脉的 [French carotide or modern Latin carotides from Greek karōtides (pl.), from karoō ‘stupefy’ (compression of these arteries being thought to cause stupor)]

carouse /kəˈraʊz/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  have a noisy or lively drinking party 举行欢宴；狂欢作乐 2  drink heavily 狂饮 ●n.  a noisy or lively drinking party 欢宴，闹宴 □ carousal  n.  □ carouser  n.   [originally as adv. = right out, in the phrase drink carouse from German gar aus trinken]

carousel /kærəˈsel, -ˈzel/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a merry-go-round or roundabout [北美]旋转木马 2  a rotating delivery or conveyor system, esp. for passengers' luggage at an airport 旋转式传送带(尤指在机场运送旅客行李的传送带) 3 hist.  a kind of equestrian tournament [史义]骑术比赛，竞技比武大会 [French carrousel from Italian carosello]

carp1 /kɑ:p/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, esp. Cyprinus carpio, often bred for use as food 鲤鱼(鲤科淡水鱼，常喂养以供食用) [Middle English via Old French carpe from Provençal or from Late Latin carpa]

carp2 /kɑ:p/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  find fault; complain pettily 找茬儿，挑剔；(为小事)抱怨 □ carper  n.   [obsolete Middle English senses ‘talk, say, sing’ from Old Norse karpa ‘to brag’: modern sense from or influenced by Latin carpere ‘pluck at, slander’]

carpaccio /kɑ:ˈpætʃiəʊ/ n.  an Italian delicacy based on thin slices of raw meat or fish 生肉片，生鱼片(一种配有调味汁的意大利美味) [Italian]

carpal /ˈkɑ:p(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the bones in the wrist 腕骨的 ●n.  any of the bones forming the wrist 腕骨 [CARPUS + -AL]

car park n. esp. Brit.  an area for parking cars [尤英]汽车停车场

carpel /ˈkɑ:p(ə)l/ n. Bot.  the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of a stigma, style, and ovary 【植】心皮(雌花的繁殖器官，由柱头、花柱和子房组成) □ carpellary  adj.   [French carpelle or modern Latin carpellum from Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

carpenter /ˈkɑ:p(ə)ntə/ n. & v. ●n.  a person skilled in woodwork, esp. of a structural kind (cf. 参见 JOINER) 木工，木匠 ●v.  1 intr.  do carpentry 做木工活；当木匠 2 tr.  make by means of carpentry (以木工技术)制作 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  construct; fit together 建造；安装 [Middle English & Anglo-French carpenter, Old French carpentier from Late Latin carpentarius (artifex) ‘carriage (-maker)’, from carpentum ‘wagon’ from Gaulish]

carpenter ant n.  any large ant of the genus Camponotus, which bores into wood to nest 蚍蜉，大黑蚁(木工蚁属昆虫，以钻木筑巢为特点)

carpenter bee n.  any of various solitary bees which bore into wood 木蜂(指钻木筑巢独居的蜜蜂)

carpentry /ˈkɑ:p(ə)ntri/ n.  1  the work or occupation of a carpenter 木工手艺，木匠活；木工业 2  woodwork made by a carpenter 木制品，木器；木结构 [Middle English from Old French carpenterie from carpentier CARPENTER]

carpet /ˈkɑ:pit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  thick fabric for covering a floor or stairs 地毯b  a usu. large rug (通常较大的)小地毯 2  an expanse or layer resembling a carpet in being smooth, soft, bright, or thick 地毯状物  carpet of snow  一层厚厚的雪 ●v. tr. (carpeted, carpeting)  1  cover with or as with a carpet 在…铺地毯(或地毯状物) 2 colloq.  reprimand, reprove [口]训斥，责骂 □ on the carpet   1 colloq.  being reprimanded [口]被训斥 2  under consideration 在考虑中，在讨论中□ sweep under the carpet   conceal (a problem or difficulty) in the hope that it will be forgotten 掩盖某事，掩饰困难 [Middle English via Old French carpite or medieval Latin carpita, from obsolete Italian carpita ‘woollen counterpane’, ultimately from Latin carpere ‘pluck, pull to pieces’]

carpet-bag n.  a travelling bag of a kind originally made of carpet-like material 毯制旅行手提包；旅行包

carpet-bagger n.  1 esp. N. Amer.  a political candidate in an area where the candidate has no local connections (originally a northerner in the southern US after the Civil War) [尤北美] (在当地无任何关系的)外来政客，外来候选人(原指美国内战后到南方去的北方人) 2  an unscrupulous opportunist (不择手段的)投机家，冒险家

carpet beetle n.  a small beetle of the genus Anthrenus, whose larvae are destructive to carpets and other materials 皮囊(一种圆皮蠹属小甲虫，其幼虫会毁坏地毯等物)

carpet bombing n.  intensive bombing 地毯式轰炸，面积轰炸

carpeting /ˈkɑ:pitiŋ/ n.  1  material for carpets 地毯织料 2  carpets collectively (总称)地毯

carpet layer n.  a person who lays carpets for a living 靠铺地毯为生的人

carpet slipper n.  a kind of slipper with the upper made originally of carpet-like material (室内穿的以毛绒布作面的)软拖鞋

carpet sweeper n.  a household implement with a revolving brush or brushes for sweeping carpets (有旋转毛刷的)地毯清扫器

car phone n.  a radio-telephone for use in a motor vehicle 汽车电话(一种机动车辆无线电话)

carpology /kɑ:ˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure of fruit and seeds 果实学，果实分类学 [Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

carport /ˈkɑ:pɔ:t/ n.  a shelter with a roof and open sides for a car, usu. beside a house (住房旁边的)汽车棚

carpus /ˈkɑ:pəs/ n. (pl. carpi /-pai/)  the small bones between the forelimb and metacarpus in terrestrial vertebrates, forming the wrist in humans 腕，腕骨(人手腕处的小骨头) [modern Latin, from Greek karpos ‘wrist’]

carr /kɑ:/ n.  1  a marsh or fen, esp. overgrown with shrubs or reclaimed as meadowland 沼泽(尤指长满灌木丛或开垦作草地者) 2  a marshy copse, esp. of alders 沼泽矮林(尤指桤木林) [Old Norse kjarr ‘brushwood’]

carrack /ˈkærək/ n. hist.  a large armed merchant ship [史义]大型武装商船 [Middle English via French caraque and Spanish carraca from Arabic karɑˉkir]

carrageen /ˈkærəɡi:n/ n. (also 亦作 carragheen)  an edible red seaweed, Chondrus crispus, of the northern hemisphere Also called 亦称作 Irish moss 角叉菜(一种可食用的角叉菜属海草，产于北半球) [origin uncertain: perhaps from Irish cosɑˊinín carraige ‘carrageen’, literally ‘little stem of the rock’]

carrageenan /kærəˈɡi:nən/ n.  a mixture of polysaccharides extracted from red and purple seaweeds and used as a thickening or emulsifying agent in food products 角叉菜胶(用在食品中起粘稠作用) [CARRAGEEN + -an chemical suffix]

carrel /ˈkær(ə)l/ n.  1  a small cubicle for a reader in a library (图书馆中供单人使用的)小单间 2 hist.  a small enclosure or study in a cloister [史义] (修道院中的)小室，小书房 [Old French carole, medieval Latin carola, of unknown origin]

carriage /ˈkæridʒ/ n.  1 Brit.  a railway passenger vehicle [英] (火车)客车厢 2  a wheeled passenger vehicle, esp. one with four wheels and pulled by horses 四轮马拉客车 3 Brit. [英]  a  the conveying of goods (货物)运输b  the cost of this 运费  carriage paid  运费已付 4  the part of a machine (e.g. a typewriter) that carries other parts into the required position (机器，如打字机的)滑动托架 5  a gun carriage 托架；炮架 6  a manner of carrying oneself; one's bearing or deportment 姿势，姿态；举止 [Middle English from Old Northern French cariage, from carier CARRY]

carriage and pair n.  a carriage with two horses pulling it (双马)马车

carriage clock n.  a portable clock in a rectangular case with a handle on top 旅行钟(一种轻便钟表，装在上方有提手的长方形盒子里)

carriage dog n.  a dalmatian 跟车狗 [formerly trained to run behind a carriage as a guard dog]

carriage return key  see 见 RETURN n. 11a 

carriageway /ˈkæridʒwei/ n. Brit.  the part of a road intended for vehicles [英]车行道

carrick bend /ˈkærik bend/ n. Naut.  a kind of knot used to join ropes 【海】单花大绳接结 [BEND2: carrick perhaps from CARRACK]

Carrie /ˈkæri/   卡丽 [人名]

carrier /ˈkæriə/ n.  1  a person or thing that carries 搬运者，携带者；运输工具 2  a person or company undertaking to convey goods or passengers for payment 运输公司；运输业者；搬运工人 3 Brit. [英]  = CARRIER BAG  4  a part of a bicycle etc. for carrying luggage or a passenger (自行车等)载重架 5  a person or animal that may transmit a disease or a hereditary characteristic without suffering from or displaying it 带菌者，带病毒者；遗传特征的隐性携带者 6  = AIRCRAFT CARRIER  7  a substance used to support or convey a pigment, a catalyst, radioactive material, etc. 载体；载气 8 Physics  a mobile electron or hole that carries a charge in a semiconductor 【物理学】载流子 9 Biochem.  a molecule that transfers another molecule or ion, esp. across a cell membrane 【生化】(尤指穿过细胞膜的)递体

carrier bag n. Brit.  a disposable plastic or paper bag with handles [英] (纸或塑料做的)购物袋，手提袋

carrier pigeon n.  a pigeon trained to carry messages tied to its neck or leg 信鸽，传书鸽

carrier wave n.  a high-frequency electromagnetic wave modulated in amplitude or frequency to convey a signal 载波

carriole /ˈkæriəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 cariole)  1  a small open carriage for one (单马)二轮敞篷小马车 2  a covered light cart 有篷的轻便大车 3  a Canadian sledge 加拿大雪橇 [French from Italian carriuola, diminutive of carro CAR]

carrion /ˈkæriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  dead putrefying flesh (尸体的)腐肉 2  something vile or filthy 肮脏的东西，污浊的东西 ●adj.  rotten, loathsome 腐烂的；污秽的；讨厌的 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Norman French caroine, -oigne, Old French charoigne, ultimately from Latin caro ‘flesh’]

carrion crow n.  a black crow, Corvus corone, native to Europe, feeding mainly on carrion 小嘴乌鸦(鸦属鸟类，原产于欧洲，以食腐肉为主)

carrion flower n.  = STAPELIA 

carrot /ˈkærət/ n.  1  a  an umbelliferous plant, Daucus carota, with a tapering orange-coloured root 胡萝卜(胡萝卜属植物，其根为橘红色锥形体，可食)b  this root as a vegetable (蔬菜)胡萝卜 2  a means of enticement or persuasion (frequently opposed to stick) 诱惑的手段；说服的方法(常与“大棒”相对) 3 (in pl. 用复数) slang  a red-haired person [俚语]红头发的人 □ carroty  adj.  胡萝卜色的，橘红色的；有红头发的 [French carotte via Latin carota from Greek karōton]

carry /ˈkæri/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  support or hold up, esp. while moving (尤指边行走边用手或肩)提，抱，背，扛 2 tr.  convey with one from one place to another 运送，运载 3 tr.  have on one's person 携带，带着  carry a watch  带了块手表 4 tr.  conduct or transmit 传递，输送  pipe carries water  管道输水 wire carries electric current  电线输电 5 tr.  take (a process etc.) to a specified point 使…达到某一点  carry into effect  使生效 carry a joke too far  玩笑开得过了头 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  continue or prolong 继续，延长  carry modesty to excess  过分谦虚 7 tr.  involve, imply; have as a feature or consequence 带有；含有；具有(特征或重要性)  carries a two-year guarantee  有两年的保修期 principles carry consequences  原则是很重要的 8 tr. (in reckoning) transfer (a figure) to a column of higher value (计算中)使进位 9 tr.  hold in a specified way 使保持某种姿势(或神态)  carry oneself erect  把身子挺直 10 tr.  a (of a newspaper or magazine) publish; include in its contents, esp. regularly (尤指报纸或杂志定期地)刊载；刊出b (of a radio or television station) broadcast, esp. regularly (尤指电台或电视台定期地)播出 11 tr. (of a retailing outlet) keep a regular stock of (particular goods for sale) (指零售点对某种商品)备有存货  have stopped carrying that brand  已不再备有那种品牌的货 12 intr.  a (of sound, esp. a voice) be audible at a distance (声音，尤指嗓音)能传到(某个距离)b (of a missile) travel, penetrate (导弹)能达到(某个地点)，能穿透 13 tr. (of a gun etc.) propel to a specified distance (枪炮等的)射程为 14 tr.  a  win victory or acceptance for (a proposal etc.) 使获胜；使(建议等)被接受b  win acceptance from 得到…的认可  carried the audience with them  (他们)深深打动了观众c  win, capture (a prize, a fortress, etc.) 赢得(奖品)；攻克(堡垒)d US  gain (a state or district) in an election [美]在(一州或选区)选举获胜e Golf  cause the ball to pass beyond (a bunker etc.) 【高尔夫球】把球击过(障碍物等) 15 tr.  a  endure the weight of; support 支撑，承载  columns carry the dome  柱子支撑屋顶b  be the chief cause of the effectiveness of; be the driving force in 主持；推动  you carry the sales department  你主持销售部的工作 16 tr.  be pregnant with 怀胎  is carrying twins  怀了双胞胎 17 tr.  a (of a motive, money, etc.) cause or enable (a person) to go to a specified place (动机)使…去某地；(金钱)使…能够去某地b (of a journey) bring (a person) to a specified point (旅途)把…带到某处 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an act of carrying 运载，携带 2 Golf  the distance a ball travels before reaching the ground 【高尔夫球】(球落地之前的)飞行距离 3  a portage between rivers etc. (河流之间的)陆上运送 4  the range of a gun etc. (枪炮等的)射程 □ carry all before one   gain complete success; overcome all opposition 大获全胜；战胜所有对手□ carry away   1  remove 搬走，拿走 2  inspire; affect emotionally or spiritually 使激动；在感情(或精神)上影响 3  deprive of self-control 失去自我控制力  got carried away  被…冲昏了头脑 4 Naut. 【海】  a  lose (a mast etc.) by breakage (桅杆)折断，失去桅杆b  break off or away 脱离，脱落□ carry back   take (a person) back in thought to a past time 使回想；使陷入回忆□ carry one's bat  Cricket  be not out at the end of a side's completed innings 【板球】坚持到底(指在一局结束时尚未被判令出局)□ carry the can  Brit. colloq.  bear the responsibility or blame [英口]代人受过，背黑锅□ carry conviction   be convincing 有说服力，令人信服□ carry the day   be victorious or successful (在竞赛、辩论中)得胜；占上风□ carry forward   transfer to a new page or account 把(账目)转入次页；结转□ carry it off (or carry it off well)   do well under difficulties (在困难情况下)把…做好□ carry off   1  take away, esp. by force 夺走；拿走 2  win (a prize) 赢得(奖励等) 3 (esp. of a disease) kill (尤指疾病)夺去生命 4  render acceptable or passable 使可接受，使过得去□ carry on   1  continue 继续进行  carry on eating  继续吃饭 carry on, don't mind me  接着做，别管我 2  engage in (a conversation or a business) 喋喋不休地说；经营生意 3 colloq.  behave strangely or excitedly [口]行动失常；吵吵闹闹 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Brit. colloq.  flirt or have a love affair [英口]调情；有不正当男女关系 5  advance (a process) by a stage 前进一步，上一个台阶□ carry out   put (ideas, instructions, etc.) into practice 实行，执行，贯彻□ carry over   1  = carry forward  2  postpone (work etc.) 推迟(工作等)，把…延后处理 3 Stock Exch.  keep over to the next settling day 【股】转下期交割□ carry through   1  complete successfully 完成，成功 2  bring safely out of difficulties 使渡过难关□ carry weight   be influential or important 有份量；有影响，有重要性□ carry with one   bear in mind 记住；留在记忆中 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French carier (as CAR)]

carry-all n.  1  a light carriage (cf. 参见 CARRIOLE) 单马有篷轻便马车 2 US  a car with seats placed sideways [美] (车箱两边设有座位的)大型汽车 3 N. Amer.  a large bag or case [北美]大手提包(或箱)

carrycot /ˈkærikɒt/ n. Brit.  a portable cot for a baby [英]手提式婴儿车

carrying capacity n.  1  the quantity of people, things, etc., which can be conveyed by a vehicle, container, etc. (车辆的)运载能力；(容器的)容纳量 2 Ecol.  the number of people, animals, or crops which a region can support without environmental degradation 【态】(在不发生环境退化的前提下一个地区对人口、动物或农作物的)承载能力

carryings-on n. pl. (also 亦作 carrying-on)  = CARRY-ON 

carrying trade n.  the conveying of goods from one country to another by water or air as a business (国际)运输业

carry-on n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a state of excitement or fuss 激动；大惊小怪 2  a questionable piece of behaviour 轻率的行为 3  a flirtation or love affair 调情；轻浮的恋爱

carry-out attrib. adj. & n. esp. Sc. & US [尤苏格兰和美]  = TAKEAWAY 

carry-over n.  1  something carried over 留下的部分；剩余物 2 Stock Exch.  postponement to the next settling day 【股】转下期交割

carse /kɑ:s/ n. Sc.  fertile lowland beside a river [苏格兰] (河边的)冲积平原 [Middle English, perhaps from carrs ‘swamps’]

carsick /ˈkɑ:sik/ adj.  affected with nausea caused by the motion of a car 晕车的 □ carsickness  n.  

cart /kɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strong vehicle with two or four wheels for carrying loads, usu. drawn by a horse (通常指马拉的)大车 2  a light vehicle for pulling by hand 小车，手推车 3  a light vehicle with two wheels for driving in, drawn by a single horse 单马轻型二轮车 4 US (in full 全称 shopping cart)  a supermarket trolley [美] (超市)购物手推车 ●v. tr.  1  convey in or as in a cart 用大车运送，载运 2 colloq.  carry (esp. a cumbersome thing) with difficulty or over a long distance [口] (尤指笨重物品)费力地运送；远途运送  carted it all the way home  一直把它运回家 □ cart off   remove, esp. by force (尤指用力)去掉；除去□ in the cart  Brit. slang  in trouble or difficulty [英] [俚语]为难，陷入困境□ put the cart before the horse   1  reverse the proper order or procedure (指说话或做事)颠倒次序，本末倒置 2  take an effect for a cause 把结果当成原因□ carter  n.  赶大车的人；卡车司机□ cartful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Old Norse kartr cart (= Old English crœt), probably influenced by Anglo-French & Old Northern French carete, diminutive of carre CAR]

cartage /ˈkɑ:tidʒ/ n.  the price paid for carting 运费

carte var.  of QUART  4 QUART 4 的变体

carte blanche /kɑ:t ˈblɑ:nʃ/ n.  full discretionary power given to a person 全权，处理自由权 [French, = blank paper]

cartel /kɑ:ˈtel/ n.  1  an informal association of manufacturers or suppliers to maintain prices at a high level, and control production, marketing arrangements, etc. 卡特尔，同业联盟(生产厂家或供应商为控制生产、价格和市场而采取的非正式联合) 2  a political combination between parties (政党之间的)联盟；政治集团 □ cartelize  /ˈkɑ:t(ə)laiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) (使)  组成卡特尔(或联盟) [in earlier use = a written challenge or agreement: German Kartell via French cartel from Italian cartello, diminutive of carta CARD1]

Cartesian /kɑ:ˈti:zjən, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to R. Descartes, 17th-c. French philosopher and mathematician (17 世纪法国哲学家和数学家)笛卡尔的；笛卡尔哲学的 ●n.  a follower of Descartes 笛卡尔的信徒，笛卡尔主义者 □ Cartesianism  n.   [modern Latin Cartesianus from Cartesius, Latinized form of the name of Descartes]

Cartesian coordinates n. pl.  a system for locating a point by reference to its distance from two or three axes intersecting at right angles 笛卡尔坐标(通过两条或三条轴线与直角相交隔开的距离来确定某一点位置的方法)

carthorse /ˈkɑ:thɔ:s/ n.  a thickset horse suitable for heavy work (适于拉车、干重活的)膘肥体壮的马

Carthusian /kɑ:ˈθju:ziən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a monk or nun of an austere contemplative order founded by St Bruno in 1084 (圣布鲁诺于 1084 年建立的)天主教加尔都西会隐修修士(或修女) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 天主教加尔都西会隐修修士(或修女)的 [medieval Latin Carthusianus from Latin Cart(h)usia ‘Chartreuse’, near Grenoble, where the order was founded]

cartilage /ˈkɑ:t(i)lidʒ/ n.  a firm flexible connective tissue forming the infant skeleton, which is mainly replaced by bone in adulthood; gristle (幼儿骨骼中的)软骨；软骨结构 □ cartilaginoid  /-ˈlædʒinɔid/ adj.  □ cartilaginous  /-ˈlædʒinəs/ adj.   [French, from Latin cartilago-ginis]

cartilaginous fish n.  a fish of the class Selachii, with a skeleton of cartilage rather than bone, e.g. a shark, a ray 软骨鱼(如鲨鱼、鳐鱼等)

cartload /ˈkɑ:tləʊd/ n.  1  an amount filling a cart 一大车的装载量 2  a large quantity of anything 大量，大批

cartogram /ˈkɑ:təɡræm/ n.  a map with diagrammatic statistical information (用统计资料绘制的)统计地图 [French cartogramme from carte ‘map, card’]

cartography /kɑ:ˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the science or practice of map-drawing 地图绘制；制图学，制图法 □ cartographer  n.  □ cartographic  /-təˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cartographical  /-təˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [French cartographie from carte ‘map, card’]

cartomancy /ˈkɑ:təmænsi/ n.  fortune-telling by interpreting a random selection of playing cards 纸牌占卜 [French cartomancie from carte CARD1]

carton /ˈkɑ:t(ə)n/ n.  a light box or container, esp. one made of cardboard 纸板盒，纸板箱 [French (as CARTOON)]

cartoon /kɑ:ˈtu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a humorous drawing in a newspaper, magazine, etc., esp. as a topical comment 漫画，讽刺画，幽默画 2  a sequence of drawings, often with speech indicated, telling a story 连环漫画 3  a filmed sequence of drawings using the technique of animation 动画片，卡通 4  a full-size drawing on stout paper as an artist's preliminary design for a painting, tapestry, mosaic, etc. (油画、挂毯、镶嵌等的)草图，底图 ●v.  1 tr.  draw a cartoon of 将…画入漫画；为…绘草图 2 intr.  draw cartoons 画漫画；绘草图 □ cartoonish  adj.  □ cartoonist  n.  □ cartoony  adj.   [Italian cartone from carta CARD1]

cartoon strip n.  = COMIC STRIP 

cartouche /kɑ:ˈtu:ʃ/ n.  1  a Archit.  a scroll-like ornament, e.g. the volute of an Ionic capital 【建】涡卷形装饰(如爱奥尼亚柱头上的螺旋饰)b  a tablet imitating, or a drawing of, a scroll with rolled-up ends, used ornamentally or bearing an inscription (用作装饰物或书写题词的)卷边形牌匾，画卷c  an ornate frame 装饰华丽的框架 2 Archaeol.  an oval ring enclosing Egyptian hieroglyphs, usu. representing the name and title of a king 【考古】(古埃及圈在统治者名字周围，通常代表国王名字的)椭圆图形 [French, = cartridge, from Italian cartoccio, from carta CARD1]

cartridge /ˈkɑ:tridʒ/ n.  1  a casing containing a charge of propelling explosive for firearms or blasting, with the addition of a bullet or shot if for small arms 子弹；弹药筒；弹壳 2  a spool of film, magnetic tape, etc., in a sealed container ready for insertion (暗盒)胶卷；盒式磁带 3  a component carrying the stylus on the pick-up head of a record player (电唱机的)拾音头 4  an ink-container for insertion in a pen (钢笔的)墨水囊，笔芯 [corruption of CARTOUCHE (but recorded earlier)]

cartridge belt n.  a belt with pockets or loops for cartridges (see 见 CARTRIDGE 1) 子弹带

cartridge paper n.  thick rough paper used for cartridges, for drawing, and for strong envelopes 弹药纸，弹壳纸；(用于绘画、做信封等的)厚纸

cart track n.  a track or road too rough for ordinary vehicles (普通车辆无法行驶的)崎岖道路

cartwheel /ˈkɑ:twi:l/ n.  1  the (usu. spoked) wheel of a cart (通常装有辐条的)大车车轮 2  a circular sideways handspring with the arms and legs extended (体操动作)侧手翻

cartwright /ˈkɑ:trait/ n.  a maker of carts 造车匠

caruncle /ˈkærəŋk(ə)l, kəˈrʌŋ-/ n.  1 Zool.  a fleshy excrescence, e.g. a turkeycock's wattles or the red prominence at the inner angle of the eye 【动】肉冠，垂肉(如雄火鸡的肉垂或内眼角处的肉阜) 2 Bot.  an outgrowth from a seed near the micropyle 【植】种阜(靠近珠孔的种子外阜) □ caruncular  /-kjʊlə/ adj.   [obsolete French from Latin caruncula, from caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carve /kɑ:v/ v.  1 tr.  produce or shape (a statue, representation in relief, etc.) by cutting into a hard material 雕刻，刻(塑像、浮雕等)  carved a figure out of rock  用石头雕刻人像 carved it in wood  把它刻在木头上面 2 tr.  a  cut patterns, designs, letters, etc. in (hard material) (在坚硬材料上)雕刻图案(花样、字母等)b (foll. by 后跟 into)  form a pattern, design, etc., from 雕成图案(或花样)  carved it into a bust  把它雕刻成一尊半身像c (foll. by 后跟 with)  cover or decorate (material) with figures or designs cut in it (以雕刻的人像或图案)覆盖，装饰 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cut (meat etc.) into slices for eating 把(肉等)切成片 □ carve out   1  take from a larger whole 切下，切开 2  establish (a career etc.) purposefully 创业；成名  carved out a name for themselves  为他们自己赢得了名声□ carve up   1  divide into several pieces; subdivide (territory etc.) 划分，分割；瓜分 2  drive aggressively into the path of (another vehicle) (车辆)抢道 [Old English ceorfan ‘cut’, from West Germanic]

carvel var.  of CARAVEL  CARAVEL 的变体

carvel-built adj. (of a boat) made with planks flush, not overlapping (cf. 参见 CLINKER-BUILT) (船只)外板平接的

carven /ˈkɑ:v(ə)n/ archaic [古义] past part.  of CARVE 

Carver /ˈkɑ:və/ n. US  a chair with arms, a rush seat, and a back having horizontal and vertical spindles [美]卡弗椅(有扶手、灯心草座和纵横支柱的靠背) [named after J. Carver, first governor of Plymouth Colony, d. 1621, for whom a prototype was allegedly made]

carver /ˈkɑ:və/ n.  1  a person who carves 雕刻者；切肉者 2  a  a carving knife 刻刀；切肉刀b (in pl. 用复数)  a knife and fork for carving (切肉用的)刀叉 3 Brit.  the principal chair, with arms, in a set of dining chairs, intended for the person who carves [英] (一套餐桌椅子中为切肉者准备的)扶手椅■Usage 用法说明 Note the distinction between sense 3 of carver and Carver. 注意 carver 的释义 3 与 Carver 的区别。 

carvery /ˈkɑ:vəri/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. Brit.  a buffet or restaurant with cooked joints displayed, and carved as required, in front of customers [尤英] (出售大块熟肉，按顾客要求当面切碎的)快餐馆，饭店

carve-up n. Brit. slang  a sharing-out, esp. of spoils [英] [俚语]瓜分(尤指战利品)；分赃

carving /ˈkɑ:viŋ/ n.  a carved object, esp. as a work of art (尤指作为雕刻艺术的)雕刻品

carving knife n.  a knife with a long blade, for carving meat 切肉刀

car wash n.  1  an establishment containing equipment for washing vehicles automatically 汽车擦洗房 2  the equipment itself 洗车设备

caryatid /kæriˈætid/ n. (pl. caryatides /-di:z/ or caryatids) Archit.  a pillar in the form of a draped female figure, supporting an entablature 【建】(支撑过梁的)女像柱 [French caryatide from Italian cariatide or their Latin source, from Greek karuatis -idos ‘priestess at Caryae’ (Karuai) in Laconia]

caryopsis /kæriˈɒpsis/ n. (pl. caryopses /-si:z/) Bot.  a dry one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in wheat and maize 【植】颖果(只含一粒种子，如小麦、玉米) [modern Latin, from Greek karuon ‘nut’ + opsis ‘appearance’]

Casanova /kæsəˈnəʊvə, -z-/ n.  a man notorious for seducing women 卡萨诺瓦式的人物，乱搞男女关系的男子 [G. J. Casanova de Seingalt, Italian adventurer d. 1798]

casbah var.  of KASBAH  KASBAH 的变体

cascade /kæsˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small waterfall, esp. forming one in a series or part of a large broken waterfall 小瀑布(尤指大瀑布的分支) 2  a mass or quantity (of material, hair, etc.) in descending waves 瀑布状物(绸缎、头发等呈瀑布状松垂下来形成的褶皱) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a succession (of notes, ideas, etc.) 一系列的(音符)；一连串的(想法) 4  a  a process consisting of a series of similar stages with a cumulative effect (排成连续阶段的)过程b  a succession of devices, events, etc., each of which triggers or initiates the next 一系列的装置；一连串的事件 ●v. intr.  fall in or like a cascade 似瀑布般落下 [French from Italian cascata, from cascare ‘to fall’, ultimately from Latin casus: see CASE1]

cascara /kæˈskɑ:rə/ n. (in full 全称 cascara sagrada /səˈɡrɑ:də/)  the bark of a Californian buckthorn, Rhamnus purshiana, used as a purgative 鼠李树皮(产于加利福尼亚，用作泻药) [Spanish, = sacred bark]

case1 /keis/ n.  1  an instance of something occurring 事例，实例 2  a state of affairs, hypothetical or actual (假设或实际的)情况，情形 3  a  an instance of a person receiving professional guidance or treatment, e.g. from a doctor or social worker 病例；(社会福利部门的)帮助对象b  this person or the circumstances involved 患者；病症 4  a matter under official investigation, esp. by the police 官方(尤警方)调查的事情；案件 5 Law 【法律】  a  a cause or suit for trial 诉讼，讼案b  a statement of the facts in a cause subjudice, drawn up for a higher court's consideration (待审案件报请上级法院审理的)陈述事实，报告  judge states a case  法官陈述诉讼事实c  a cause that has been decided and may be cited (已经判决的)案件，案例  leading case  要案 6  a  the sum of the arguments on one side, esp. in a lawsuit (诉讼一方所提出的)辩护事实概要  that is our case  这就是我们的辩护事实b  a set of arguments, esp. in relation to persuasiveness (用于劝说的)一套论点，论据  have a good case  论据充分 have a weak case  论据不充分c  a valid set of arguments 有根据的论点，令人信服的论点  have no case  找不到有根据的论点 7 Gram. 【语法】  a  the relation of a word to other words in a sentence 格(一单词与句中其他词语的关系)b  a form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun expressing this (名词、形容词或代词的)格 8 colloq.  a comical person [口]滑稽的人 9  one's position or circumstances (某人的)处境，情况  in our case  就我们的情况而言 □ as the case may be   according to the situation 根据具体情况；或许□ in any case   whatever the truth is; whatever may happen; what's more 无论如何，不管怎样；况且□ in case   1  in the event that; if 假使，如果 2  lest; in provision against a stated or implied possibility 免得，以免；以防万一  take an umbrella in case it rains  带把雨伞，免得下雨挨淋 took it in case  带上它以防万一□ in case of   in the event of 假使，如果发生…□ in the case of   as regards 至于，就…而言□ in no case   under no circumstances 无论如何也不，决不□ in that case   if that is true; should that happen 既然如此；如果那样的话□ is (or is not) the case   is (or is not) so 情况确实(并非)如此 [Middle English in the sense ‘a thing that befalls’: via Old French cas from Latin casus ‘fall’, from cadere cas- ‘to fall’]

case2 /keis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container or covering serving to enclose or contain 箱，盒；套，罩 2  a container with its contents 容器及内装物 3  the outer protective covering of a watch, book, seed vessel, sausage, etc. (钟表、书籍、种子、香肠等的)保护性外壳 4 Brit.  an item of luggage, esp. a suitcase [英]一件行李(尤指衣箱) 5 Printing  a partitioned receptacle for type 【印刷】字盘，活字(分格)盘 6  a glass box for showing specimens, curiosities, etc. (展示样品、珍品等的)玻璃匣 ●v. tr.  1  enclose in a case 把…装箱，把…装盒 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  surround 包，盖 3 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 case the joint) slang  reconnoitre (a house etc.), esp. with a view to robbery [俚语] (尤指企图抢劫时)察看，探察(房子等) [Middle English via Old French casse, chasse from Latin capsa, from capere ‘hold’]

casebook /ˈkeisbʊk/ n.  a book containing a record of legal or medical cases 案例选辑；病例记录

case-bound adj. (of a book) in a hard cover (书籍)硬面精装的

case-harden v. tr.  1  harden the surface of, esp. give a steel surface to (iron) by carbonizing 使…表面硬化(尤指使铁表面渗碳而硬化) 2  make callous 使麻木不仁，使冷酷无情

case history n.  information about a person for use in professional treatment, e.g. by a doctor 病历；病例记录

casein /ˈkeisi:n, -siin/ n.  the main protein in milk, which occurs in coagulated form in cheese, and is used in plastics, adhesives, paint, etc. 酪蛋白，酪素(牛奶中的主要蛋白质成分，在奶酪中以凝固形式出现，可用于塑料、粘贴剂、油漆等) [Latin caseus ‘cheese’]

case knife n.  a knife carried in a sheath 有鞘的刀；餐刀

case law n.  the law as established by the outcome of former cases (cf. 参见 COMMON LAW, STATUTE LAW) 判例法(以过去的判例为根据的法律)

caseload /ˈkeisləʊd/ n.  the cases with which a doctor etc. is concerned at one time (一个医生一次负责的)总病例数

casemate /ˈkeismeit/ n.  1  a chamber in the thickness of the wall of a fortress, with embrasures 暗炮台，暗枪眼 2  an armoured enclosure for guns on a warship (军舰上的)炮塔 [French casemate & Italian casamatta or Spanish -mata, from camata, perhaps from Greek khasma -atos ‘gap’]

casement /ˈkeism(ə)nt/ n.  1  a window or part of a window hinged vertically to open like a door 半开窗；门式窗 2 poet.  a window [诗]窗口 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin cassimentum, from cassa CASE2]

case of conscience n.  a matter in which one's conscience has to decide a conflict of principles 凭良心的事

case-shot n.  1  bullets in an iron case fired from a cannon (大炮的)弹丸 2  shrapnel 榴霰弹

case study n.  1  an attempt to understand a person, institution, etc., from collected information 案例分析个案研究 2  a record of such an attempt 个案研究记录 3  the use of a particular instance as an exemplar of general principles 案例分析法；个案研究法

casework /ˈkeiswɜ:k/ n.  social work concerned with individuals, esp. involving understanding of the client's family and background 社会工作(尤指对当事人家庭和社会背景的了解) □ caseworker  n.  

cash1 /kæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  money in coins or notes, as distinct from cheques or orders 钱，现金，现款(区别于支票或汇票) 2 (also 亦作 cash down)  money paid as full payment at the time of purchase, as distinct from credit (区别于赊欠的)现金支付，现金交易 3 colloq.  wealth [口]财富；金钱 ●v. tr.  give or obtain cash for (a note, cheque, etc.) 把(票据、支票等)兑换成现金 □ cash in   1  obtain cash for 把…兑换成现金 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) colloq.  profit (from); take advantage (of) [口]从…中获利；靠…赚钱 3  pay into a bank etc. 把(款项)存入银行 4 (in full 全形 cash in one's checks) colloq.  die [口]死去□ cash up  Brit.  count and check cash takings at the end of a day's trading [英] (商店等)结算(一天所收入的款项)□ cashable  adj.  □ cashless  adj.   [in earlier use = a box for money: obsolete French casse ‘box’ or Italian cassa, from Latin capsa CASE2]

cash2 /kæʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同) hist.  any of various small coins of China or the E. Indies [史义] (中国或东印度群岛)小钱；方孔铜钱 [Portuguese ca(i)xa via Tamil kɑˉsu from Sanskrit karsha, influenced by CASH1]

cash and carry n.  1  a system of wholesaling in which goods are paid for in cash and taken away by the purchaser 现款取货(批发业务中顾客付现款后自己将购买货物带走) 2  a store where this system operates 现款取货商店

cash book n.  a book in which receipts and payments of cash are recorded 现金账簿

cash box n.  a box for keeping cash in 钱箱，银箱

cash card n. Brit.  a plastic card (see 见 CARD1 n. 9a) which enables the holder to draw money from a cash dispenser [英]自动取款卡(持卡人可用它在自动提款机上取款)

cash cow n. colloq.  a business, or part of one, that provides a steady cash flow [口] (源源不断提供现金收入的)赚钱生意

cash crop n.  a crop produced for sale, not for use as food etc. 商品作物，经济作物(用于出售而非自己食用的农作物)

cash desk n.  a counter or compartment in a shop where goods are paid for (商店等的)付款处；收银台

cash dispenser n. Brit.  an automatic machine from which customers of a bank etc. may withdraw cash, esp. by using a cash card [英] (尤指使用自动取款卡的)自动提款机

cashew /ˈkæʃu:, kəˈʃu:/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cashew tree)  a bushy evergreen tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to Central and S. America, bearing kidney-shaped nuts attached to fleshy fruits 腰果树(一种腰果属常青乔木，原产地为中、南美洲，其肾状坚果附着在肉质果上) 2 (in full 全称 cashew nut)  the edible nut of this tree 腰果 [Portuguese from Tupi (a)caju]

cashew apple n.  the edible fleshy fruit of the cashew tree (腰果树的)肉质果

cash flow n.  the movement of money into and out of a business, as a measure of profitability, or as affecting liquidity 现金流动；现金周转

cashier1 /kæˈʃiə/ n.  a person dealing with cash transactions in a shop, bank, etc. (商店、银行等的)出纳员，收银员 [Dutch cassier or French caissier (as CASH1)]

cashier2 /kəˈʃiə, kæ-/ v. tr.  dismiss from service, esp. from the armed forces with disgrace (尤指军队中不体面地)撤职，开除 [Flemish kasseren ‘disband, revoke’ via French casser from Latin quassare QUASH]

cashmere /kæʃˈmiə, ˈkæʃmiə/ n.  1  a fine soft wool, esp. that of a breed of Himalayan goat 开士米，山羊绒(尤指喜马拉雅山山羊绒) 2  a material made from this 开士米织物 [Kashmir in Asia]

cash on delivery n.  a system of paying the carrier for goods when they are delivered 货到付款，交货付款

cashpoint /ˈkæʃpɔint/ n. Brit. [英]  = CASH DISPENSER 

cash register n.  a machine in a shop etc. with a drawer for money, recording the amount of each sale, totalling receipts, etc. 现金出纳机，现金进出记录机

casing /ˈkeisiŋ/ n.  1  a protective or enclosing cover or shell (保护或封闭用)箱，盒；套，罩，壳 2  the material for this 做箱(盒等)的材料

casino /kəˈsi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a public room or building for gambling 卡西诺赌场；娱乐场 [Italian, diminutive of casa ‘house’, from Latin casa ‘cottage’]

cask /kɑ:sk/ n.  1  a large barrel-like container made of wood, metal, or plastic, esp. one for alcoholic liquor (尤指装酒精饮料的)大型桶状容器 2  its contents (桶装的)物品 3  its capacity (桶的)容量 [French casque or Spanish casco ‘helmet’]

casket /ˈkɑ:skit/ n.  1  a small often ornamental box or chest for jewels, letters, etc. (盛珠宝、信件等的有装饰的)小盒，小箱 2  a Brit.  a small wooden box for cremated ashes [英]骨灰盒b N. Amer.  a coffin, esp. a rectangular one [北美] (尤指长方形的)棺材 [perhaps from Anglo-French form of Old French cassette from Italian cassetta, diminutive of cassa, from Latin capsa CASE2]

Caspian Sea n.  里海 [欧亚之间]

casque /kɑ:sk/ n.  1 hist. or poet.  a helmet [史义] [诗]头盔 2 Zool.  a helmet-like structure, e.g. the process on the bill of the cassowary 【动】盔状突(如食火鸡嘴上的突起物) [French from Spanish casco]

Cassandra /kəˈsændrə/ n.  a prophet of disaster, esp. one who is disregarded 凶事预言者(尤指预言虽准但不被理会者) [Latin from Greek Kassandra, the name of a daughter of Priam King of Troy: she was condemned by Apollo to prophesy correctly but not be believed]

cassata /kəˈsɑ:tə/ n.  a type of ice cream containing candied or dried fruit and nuts 卡萨它冰淇淋(一种有果脯或干果的冰淇淋) [Italian]

cassation /kəˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n. Mus.  an informal instrumental composition of the 18th c., similar to a divertimento and originally often for outdoor performance 【音】室外嬉游曲 (18 世纪的一种非正式小型器乐曲) [German Kassation ‘serenade’ from Italian cassazione]

cassava /kəˈsɑ:və/ n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Manihot (spurge family), esp. the cultivated varieties M. esculenta (bitter cassava 苦木薯) and M. dulcis (sweet cassava 甜木薯), having starchy tuberous roots 木薯(一种人工栽培的木薯属植物，其根茎淀粉含量丰富)b  the roots themselves 木薯根茎 2  a starch or flour obtained from these roots Also called 亦称作 manioc. See also 亦见 TAPIOCA 木薯淀粉 [Taino casavi, influenced by French cassave]

Cassegrain telescope /ˈkæsiɡrein/ n.  a reflecting telescope in which light reflected from a convex secondary mirror passes through a hole in the primary mirror 卡塞格伦望远镜(一种折射式望远镜，从凸面次镜中折射出来的光穿过主镜中的一个孔而形成折射) [named after N. Cassegrain, 17th-cent. French scientist, who devised it]

casserole /ˈkæsərəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covered dish, usu. of earthenware or glass, in which food is cooked, esp. slowly in the oven (用文火烧菜用的)陶器(或玻璃)焙盘；沙锅 2  food cooked in a casserole 沙锅饭菜 ●v. tr.  cook in a casserole 用焙盘烧；用沙锅煮 [French from cassole, diminutive of casse, via Provençal casa and Late Latin cattia ‘ladle, pan’ from Greek kuathion, diminutive of kuathos ‘cup’]

cassette /kəˈset/ n. a sealed case containing a length of tape, ribbon, etc., ready for insertion in a machine, esp. (盛磁带或色带的)封闭小盒，(尤指):  1  a length of audiotape or videotape wound on to spools, ready for insertion in a tape recorder or video recorder 录音带；录像带 2  a length of photographic film, ready for insertion in a camera 胶卷 [French, diminutive of casse CASE2]

cassette deck n.  a tape deck for playing and recording audio cassettes (录音机)磁带录放装置

cassette player n.  a tape recorder for playing back audio cassettes 盒式磁带放音机

cassette recorder n.  a tape recorder for recording and playing back audio cassettes 盒式磁带录音机

cassette tape n.  a cassette of esp. audiotape (尤指)盒式录音带

cassia /ˈkæsiə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cassia tree)  any tree of the genus Cassia, bearing leaves from which senna is extracted 山扁豆(决明属植物，其叶可提取通便药番泻叶) 2  the cinnamon-like bark of this tree used as a spice (用作调料的)桂皮，肉桂 [Latin via Greek kasia from Hebrew ḳĕṣî'ɑˉh ‘bark like cinnamon’]

cassingle /kæˈsiŋɡ(ə)l/ n. colloq.  an audio cassette containing a single piece of (usu. popular) music on each side [口] (全带只录一首(通常为流行音乐)的)单曲盒式磁带 [portmanteau word from CASSETTE + SINGLE]

cassis /kæˈsi:s, ˈkæsis/ n.  a syrupy usu. alcoholic blackcurrant flavouring for drinks etc. 黑茶藨子甜酒 [French, = blackcurrant]

cassiterite /kəˈsitərait/ n.  a naturally occurring ore of tin dioxide, from which tin is extracted Also called 亦称作 tinstone 锡石(一种天然锡矿石) [Greek kassiteros ‘tin’]

cassock /ˈkæsək/ n.  a full-length usu. black or red garment worn by clergy, members of choirs, etc. (教士、唱诗班成员等穿的)法衣，长袍 □ cassocked  adj.   [French casaque ‘long coat’ from Italian casacca ‘horseman's coat’, probably from Turkic kazak: see COSSACK]

cassoulet /ˈkæsʊlei/ n.  a ragout of meat and beans 豆焖肉 [French, diminutive of dialect cassolo ‘stew-pan’]

cassowary /ˈkæsəwəri, -wɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a large flightless Australasian bird of the genus Casuarius, with heavy body, stout legs, a wattled neck, and a bony crest on its forehead 鹤鸵，食火鸡(鹤鸵属鸟类动物，产于澳洲，身体笨重不会飞翔，两腿粗壮，颈上有肉垂，头顶上有角质冠) [Malay kasuɑˉrī, kasavɑˉrī]

cast /kɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. cast)  1 tr.  throw, esp. deliberately or forcefully (尤指故意或用力地)投，扔，掷，抛 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, over)  a  direct or cause to fall (one's eyes, a glance, light, a shadow, a spell, etc.) 投射(目光、光线、阴影、吸引力等)b  express (doubts, aspersions, etc.) 表达，表露(疑惑、诽谤等) 3 tr.  throw out (a net, fishing line, etc.) into the water 撒网，抛钓丝 4 tr.  let down (an anchor or sounding line) 把(锚或测深绳)沉入水中 5 tr.  a  throw off, get rid of 扔掉；剔除b  shed (skin etc.) esp. in the process of growth (尤指在生长过程中)脱皮；蜕皮c (of a horse) lose (a shoe) (马)脱落(铁掌) 6 tr.  record, register, or give (a vote) 记录，登记(票数)；投(票) 7 tr.  a  shape (molten metal or plastic material) in a mould 浇铸(熔化的铁、塑料材料等)b  make (a product) in this way 铸造(某种产品) 8 tr. Printing  make (type) 【印刷】制版 9 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as)  assign (an actor) to play a particular character 分派(演员)扮演某角色b  allocate roles in (a play, film, etc.) 为(戏剧、电影等)选派演员 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  arrange or formulate (facts etc.) in a specified form 把(事实等)分类整理；编排 11 tr. & intr.  reckon, add up, calculate (accounts or figures) 计算；把(账目或数字)加起来 12 tr.  calculate and record details of (a horoscope) 计算(或记录)星象 ●n.  1  a  the throwing of a missile etc. 投，抛，掷b  the distance reached by this 射程 2  a throw or a number thrown at dice 掷骰子；一次掷骰的点数 3  a throw of a net, sounding line, or fishing line 撒网；放测深绳；抛钓丝 4 Fishing 【捕鱼】  a  that which is cast, esp. the extremity of a line with hook and fly 钓丝；钓钩b  a place for casting 撒网处，放钓丝处 5  a  an object of metal, clay, etc., made in a mould 铸型，铸件b  a moulded mass of solidified material, esp. plaster protecting a broken limb 固定(骨折用的)敷料 6  the actors taking part in a play, film, etc. 演员班底，演员阵容 7  form, type, or quality 形状，类型；气质  cast of features  面貌 cast of mind  性格 8  a tinge or shade of colour 色调，色彩 9  a (in full 全形 cast in the eye)  a slight squint (轻微的)斜视b  a twist or inclination 弯曲，倾斜 10  a  a mass of earth excreted by a worm (蚯蚓弄出地面的)一堆泥土(或排泄物)b  a mass of indigestible food regurgitated by a hawk, owl, etc. (鹰、猫头鹰等)吐出的不消化食物 11  the form into which any work is thrown or arranged (工作的)布置，安排 12  a  a wide area covered by a dog or pack to find a trail (猎狗等)追踪气味的开阔区域b Austral. & NZ  a wide sweep made by a sheepdog in mustering sheep [澳新] (牧羊犬)赶拢散开的羊群 □ cast about (or around or round)   make an extensive search (actually or mentally) 到处寻找；试图(或设法)找到  cast about for a solution  绞尽脑汁寻找解决办法□ cast adrift   leave to drift 听任…漂泊□ cast ashore  (of waves etc.) throw to the shore (浪等)把…抛到岸上□ cast aside   give up using; abandon 把…丢在一边；抛弃□ cast away   1  reject 丢掉，扔掉 2 (in passive 用被动)  be shipwrecked (cf. 参见 CASTAWAY) 使(船)失事□ cast one's bread upon the waters   see 见 BREAD □ cast down   depress, deject (cf. 参见 DOWNCAST adj. 2) 使沮丧，使泄气□ cast loose   detach; detach oneself 放开；解开；使脱离□ cast lots   see 见 LOT □ cast off   1  abandon 抛弃；丢弃 2 Knitting  take the stitches off the needle by looping each over the next to finish the edge 【编织】收针 3 Naut. 【海】  a  set a ship free from a quay etc. 解船缆，解缆出航b  loosen and throw off (rope etc.) 解开并抛出(绳子等) 4 Printing  estimate the space that will be taken in print by manuscript copy 【印刷】(根据稿件)估计版面篇幅□ cast on  Knitting  make the first row of loops on the needle 【编织】起针，开始编结□ cast out   expel 赶出，驱逐□ cast up   1 (of the sea) deposit on the shore (海水)把…冲上岸 2  add up (figures etc.) 把(数字等)加起来 [Middle English from Old Norse kasta]

castanet /kæstəˈnet/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a small concave piece of hardwood, ivory, etc., in pairs held in the hands and clicked together by the fingers as a rhythmic accompaniment, esp. by Spanish dancers 响板(用硬木或象牙制成，套在手指上，跳舞时合击发出有节奏的声响) [Spanish castañeta, diminutive of castaña, from Latin castanea ‘chestnut’]

castaway /ˈkɑ:stəwei/ n. & adj. ●n.  a shipwrecked person 乘船失事的人 ●adj.  1  shipwrecked (船失事后)漂流的，漂上岸的 2  cast aside; rejected 被抛弃的；无依无靠的

caste /kɑ:st/ n.  1  any of the Hindu hereditary classes, distinguished by relative degrees of purity or pollution, whose members have no social contact with other classes but are socially equal with one another and often follow the same occupations (印度社会的)种姓；世袭家族 2  a more or less exclusive social class 种姓集团；(排外性的)社会集团 3  a system of such classes 种姓制度 4  the position it confers 种姓地位 5 Zool.  a form of social insect having a particular function 【动】级(一种具有特定功能的社会性昆虫) □ lose caste   descend in the social order 失去社会地位 [Spanish and Portuguese casta ‘lineage, race, breed’, fem. of casto ‘pure, CHASTE’]

casteism /ˈkɑ:stiz(ə)m/ n. often derog.  the caste system [常贬]种姓制度

castellan /ˈkæstələn/ n. hist.  the governor of a castle [史义]城堡总管；要塞司令 [Middle English via Old Norman French castelain from medieval Latin castellanus: see CASTLE]

castellated /ˈkæstəleitid/ adj.  1  having battlements 有垛口的 2  castle-like 像城堡的，城堡形的 □ castellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin castellatus: see CASTLE]

caste mark n.  a symbol on a person's forehead denoting his or her caste (印度人额上的)种姓标记

caster /ˈkɑ:stə/ n.  1 var.  of CASTOR1 CASTOR1 的变体 2  a person who casts 投掷的人；铸工 3  a machine for casting type 铸字机

caster sugar n. (also 亦作 castor sugar) Brit.  finely granulated white sugar [英]精白砂糖

castigate /ˈkæstiɡeit/ v. tr.  rebuke or punish severely 申斥，责骂；责打，惩罚 □ castigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ castigator  n.  □ castigatory  adj.   [Latin castigare ‘reprove’ from castus ‘pure’]

Castile soap /kæˈsti:l/ n.  a fine hard white or mottled soap made with olive oil and soda 卡斯蒂利亚肥皂，橄榄皂(用橄榄油和纯碱制成) [Castile in Spain]

Castilian /kæˈstiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Castile in Spain (西班牙)卡斯蒂利亚人 2  the language of Castile, standard spoken and literary Spanish 卡斯蒂利亚语，标准西班牙语(指口语和书面语) ●adj.  of or relating to Castile or Castilian 卡斯蒂利亚的；卡斯蒂利亚人的；卡斯蒂利亚语的

casting /ˈkɑ:stiŋ/ n.  an object made by casting, esp. of molten metal (尤指用熔化金属铸造的)铸件

casting couch n. slang  a couch in a director's office on which actresses are said to be seduced in return for being awarded parts [俚语] (导演办公室里据说用来引诱女演员的)角色选派场所

casting vote n.  a deciding vote usu. given by the chairperson when the votes on two sides are equal 决定票(指赞成与反对票数相等时由会议主席投的票) [From an obsolete sense of cast = turn the scale]

cast iron n. & adj. ●n.  a hard alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon cast in a mould 铸铁(铁、碳和硅在同一个模子里被铸造出来的一种硬合金) ●adj. (作 cast-iron)  1  made of cast iron 铸铁制造的 2  hard, unchallengeable, unchangeable 坚硬的，坚强的；不妥协的

castle /ˈkɑ:s(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a large fortified building or group of buildings; a stronghold 城堡，要塞；堡垒b  a formerly fortified mansion 城堡式建筑 2 Chess 【棋类】  = ROOK2  ●v. Chess 【棋类】  1 intr.  make a special move (once only in a game on each side) in which the king is moved two squares along the back rank and the nearer rook is moved to the square passed over by the king 王车易位(比赛中各方只能走一次) 2 tr.  move (the king) by castling 走王(使与车易位) □ castled  adj.   [Anglo-French & Old Norman French castel, chastel from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum ‘fort’]

castle in the air n. (also 亦作 castle in Spain) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a visionary unattainable scheme; a daydream 空中楼阁，白日梦；无法实现的计划

cast net n.  a net thrown out and immediately drawn in 撒网(一种撒出后又立刻收回的渔网)

cast-off adj. & n. ●adj.  abandoned, discarded 抛弃的，丢弃的 ●n.  a cast-off thing, esp. a garment 被抛弃之物(尤指衣服)

castor1 /ˈkɑ:stə/ n. (also 亦作 caster)  1  a small swivelled wheel (often one of a set) fixed to a leg (or the underside) of a piece of furniture (家具底部的)小脚轮，自位轮 2  a small container with holes in the top for sprinkling the contents (盖上有孔的)调味品瓶 [originally a variant of CASTER (in the general sense)]

castor2 /ˈkɑ:stə/ n.  an oily substance secreted by beavers and used in medicine and perfumes 海狸香(海狸分泌的一种油性香料，入药或用于香水) [French or Latin from Greek kastōr ‘beaver’]

castor action n.  swivelling of vehicle wheels to ensure stability 自位轮作用(旋转脚轮以确保稳定性)

castor oil /ˈkɑ:stə/ n.  1  an oil from the seeds of a plant, Ricinus communis, used as a purgative and lubricant 蓖麻油(用作泻药或润滑剂) 2 (in full 全称 castor oil plant)  this plant 蓖麻 [18th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps so called as having succeeded CASTOR2 in medical use]

castor oil bean n. (also 亦作 castor bean)  the seed of the castor oil plant, containing the highly toxic substance ricin 蓖麻籽(含有剧毒的蓖麻蛋白)

castor sugar var.  of CASTER SUGAR  CASTER SUGAR 的变体

castrate /kæˈstreit, ˈkæstreit/ v. tr.  1  remove the testicles of; geld 阉割，去势 2  deprive of vigour 使丧失活力 □ castration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ castrator  n.   [Latin castrare]

castrato /kæˈstrɑ:təʊ/ n. (pl. castrati /-ti/) hist.  a male singer castrated in boyhood so as to retain a soprano or alto voice [史义]被阉的歌手(男歌手在幼童时动此手术以保持其女音) [Italian, past part. of castrare: see CASTRATE]

casual /ˈkæʒjʊəl, -zj-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  accidental; due to chance 意外的，碰巧的 2  not regular or permanent; temporary, occasional 临时的，不定期的，偶然的  casual work  临时工作 a casual affair  偶发事件 3  a  unconcerned, uninterested 漠不关心的，冷淡的；不感兴趣的  was very casual about it  对它不感兴趣b  made or done without great care or thought 随意的；未经考虑的  a casual remark  随口说出的话c  acting carelessly or unmethodically 漫不经心的，无条理的 4 (of clothes) informal (衣服)非正式的 ●n.  1  a casual worker 临时工 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  casual clothes or shoes 便装；便鞋 □ casually  adv.  □ casualness  n.   [Middle English from Old French casuel and Latin casualis, from casus CASE1]

casualty /ˈkæʒjʊəlti, -zj-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person killed or injured in a war or accident (战争或事故的)伤亡人员 2  a thing lost or destroyed 损坏的东西，毁坏的东西 3 Brit. [英]  = CASUALTY DEPARTMENT  4  an accident, mishap, or disaster 事故，不幸，灾难 [Middle English from medieval Latin casualitas (as CASUAL), on the pattern of ROYALTY etc.]

casualty department n. (also 亦作 casualty ward)  the part of a hospital where casualties are treated (医院里的)伤亡人员病房

casuarina /kæsjʊəˈri:nə/ n.  any tree of the genus Casuarina, native to Australia and SE Asia, having tiny scale-leaves on slender jointed branches, resembling gigantic horsetails 木麻黄(木麻黄科乔木，原产地为澳大利亚及东南亚，树枝修长，叶小呈鳞状，形似巨大的马尾) [modern Latin casuarius ‘cassowary’ (from the resemblance between branches and feathers)]

casuist /ˈkæzjʊist, -ʒj-/ n.  1  a person, esp. a theologian, who resolves problems of conscience, duty, etc., often with clever but false reasoning 决疑论者(指用聪明但错误的推理来解决有关良心、职责等问题的人) 2  a sophist or quibbler 诡辩家，狡辩者 □ casuistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ casuistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ casuistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ casuistry  n.   [French casuiste via Spanish casuista from Latin casus CASE1]

casus belli /ˌkeisəs ˈbelai, ˌkɑ:sʊs ˈbeli/ n.  an act or situation provoking or justifying war 战争借口；交战理由 [Latin]

CAT abbr. [缩略]  1  computer-assisted (or -aided) testing 计算机辅助检验 2 Med.  computerized axial tomography 【医】计算机化轴向 X 射线分层照相术  CAT scanner  计算机化 X 射线轴向分层造影扫描仪

cat1 /kæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small soft-furred four-legged domesticated animal, Felis catus 猫 2  any wild animal of the family Felidae, e.g. a lion, tiger, or leopard 猫科动物(如狮、虎或豹) 3  a catlike animal of any other family 类似猫的动物  civet cat  灵猫 4 colloq.  a malicious or spiteful woman [口]心地恶毒的女人 5 slang  a jazz enthusiast [俚语]爵士乐爱好者 6 Naut. 【海】  = CATHEAD  7  = CAT-O'-NINE-TAILS  8  a short tapered stick in the game of tipcat (棒击木片游戏中使用的)锥形短木片 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (catted, catting) Naut.  raise (an anchor) from the surface of the water to the cathead 【海】把(锚)吊放在锚架上 □ let the cat out of the bag   reveal a secret, esp. involuntarily (尤指无意中)泄露秘密；露马脚□ like a cat  Brit. [英] on hot bricks (or on a hot tin roof) very agitated or agitatedly 焦躁不安，像热锅上的蚂蚁，如坐针毡□ put (or set) the cat among the pigeons  Brit.  cause trouble [英]引起麻烦□ rain cats and dogs   rain very hard 下倾盆大雨 [Old English catt(e) from Germanic, reinforced in Middle English by forms from Late Latin cattus]

cat2 /kæt/ n.  a catalytic converter 催化转化器，催化式排气净化器 [abbreviation]

cata- /ˈkætə/ prefix (usu. cat- before a vowel or h 在元音或 h 前通常用cat-)  1  down, downwards (catadromous (淡水鱼)下海繁殖的) 下，向下 2  wrongly, badly (catachresis 词语误用) 错误，不正确 3  completely (catalogue 目录，一览表) 完全 4  against, alongside (catapult 弩弓，弹弓) 对着；并排 [Greek kata ‘down’]

catabolism /kəˈtæbəliz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 katabolism) Biochem.  the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones with the release of energy; destructive metabolism (opp. 反义 ANABOLISM) 【生化】分解代谢；异化 □ catabolic  /kætəˈbɒlik/ adj.   [Greek katabolē ‘descent’ (as CATA- + bolē from ballō ‘throw’)]

catachresis /kætəˈkri:sis/ n. (pl. catachreses /-si:z/)  an incorrect use of words 词语误用 □ catachrestic  /-ˈkri:stik, -ˈkrestik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek katakhrēsis (as CATA-, kresthai ‘use’)]

cataclasis /kætəˈkleisis/ n. (pl. cataclases /-si:z/) Geol.  the natural process of fracture, shearing, or breaking up of rocks 【地质】岩石碎裂；碎裂作用 □ cataclastic  /-ˈklæstik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kataklasis ‘breaking down’, (as CATA-, klaō ‘to break’)]

cataclasm /ˈkætəklæz(ə)m/ n.  a violent break; a disruption 碎裂，崩裂 [Greek kataklasma (as CATA-, klaō ‘to break’)]

cataclysm /ˈkætəkliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a violent, esp. social or political, upheaval or disaster (尤指社会或政治的)大动乱，大灾难b  a great change 巨大变化；巨大变革 2  a great flood or deluge 洪水，大暴雨 □ cataclysmal  /-ˈklizm(ə)l/ adj.  □ cataclysmic  /-ˈklizmik/ adj.  □ cataclysmically  /-ˈklizmik(ə)li/ adv.   [French cataclysme via Latin cataclysmus from Greek kataklusmos (as CATA- + klusmos ‘flood’ from kluzō ‘wash’)]

catacomb /ˈkætəku:m, -kəʊm/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  1  an underground cemetery, esp. a Roman subterranean gallery with recesses for tombs 地下墓地(尤指罗马人两侧有墓穴的地下走廊) 2  a similar underground construction; a cellar 地下走道；地窖 [French catacombes from Late Latin catacumbas (name given in the 5th c. to the cemetery of St Sebastian near Rome), of unknown origin]

catadromous /kætəˈdrəʊməs/ adj. (of a fish, e.g. the eel) that swims down rivers to the sea to spawn (opp. 反义 ANADROMOUS) (鱼，尤指鳗鲡鱼)下海产卵的，下海繁殖的 [Greek katadromos (as CATA- + dromos ‘running’)]

catafalque /ˈkætəfælk/ n.  a decorated wooden framework for supporting the coffin of a distinguished person during a funeral or while lying in state (显贵者葬礼用的)棺材架；灵柩台 [French from Italian catafalco, of unknown origin: related to SCAFFOLD]

Catalan /ˈkætəlæn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Catalonia in Spain (西班牙)加泰罗尼亚人 2  the language of Catalonia 加泰罗尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Catalonia, its people, or its language 加泰罗尼亚的；加泰罗尼亚人的；加泰罗尼亚语的 [French from Spanish]

catalase /ˈkætəleiz/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide 【生化】过氧化氢酶 [CATALYSIS]

catalectic /kætəˈlektik/ adj. & n. Prosody 【诗体】  ●adj.  lacking one syllable in the last foot 最后音步缺音节的，以不完整音步结尾的 ●n.  a catalectic line or verse 以不完整音步结尾的诗行 [Late Latin catalecticus from Greek katalēktikos from katalēgein ‘leave off’ (as CATA-, lēgein ‘cease’)]

catalepsy /ˈkæt(ə)lepsi/ n.  a state of trance or seizure with loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body 强直性昏厥，僵住症 □ cataleptic  /-ˈleptik/ adj. & n.   [French catalepsie or Late Latin catalepsia from Greek katalēpsis (as CATA-, lēpsis ‘seizure’)]

catalogue /ˈkæt(ə)lɒɡ/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] catalog) ●n.  1  a complete list of items (e.g. articles for sale, books held by a library), usu. in alphabetical or other systematic order and often with a description of each 目录(以字母表顺序排列并常常附有说明，如商品目录、图书目录) 2  an extensive list 一系列  a catalogue of crimes  一系列犯罪案件 3 US  a university course-list etc. [美]大学课程一览表 ●v. tr. (catalogues, catalogued, cataloguing; US [美] catalogs, cataloged, cataloging)  1  make a catalogue of 把…编目分类 2  enter in a catalogue 把…编入目录 □ cataloguer  n. (US [美] cataloger)   [French via Late Latin catalogus from Greek katalogos, from katalegō ‘enrol’ (as CATA-, legō ‘choose’)]

catalogue raisonné /ˌkæt(ə)lɒɡ reizɒˈnei/ n. (pl. catalogues raisonnés pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a descriptive catalogue with explanations or comments 分类目录，评论性目录 [French, = explained catalogue]

catalpa /kəˈtælpə/ n.  any tree of the genus Catalpa, with heart-shaped leaves, trumpet-shaped flowers, and long pods 梓树(梓树属植物，长心形叶，开喇叭形花，结长豆荚果实) [American Indian (Creek)]

catalyse /ˈkæt(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (US [美] catalyze) Chem.  produce (a reaction) by catalysis 【化】催化；促进 [as CATALYSIS, on the pattern of analyse]

catalyser /ˈkæt(ə)laizə/ n. Brit. [英]  = CATALYTIC CONVERTER 

catalysis /kəˈtælisis/ n. (pl. catalyses /-si:z/) Chem. & Biochem.  the acceleration of a chemical or biochemical reaction by a catalyst 【化】【生化】催化作用 [Greek katalusis ‘dissolution’ (as CATA-, luō ‘set free’)]

catalyst /ˈkæt(ə)list/ n.  1 Chem.  a substance that, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change, increases the rate of a reaction 【化】催化剂 2  a person or thing that precipitates a change 促进变化的人(或物) [as CATALYSIS, on the pattern of analyst]

catalytic /kætəˈlitik/ adj. Chem.  relating to or involving catalysis 【化】催化的，起促进作用的

catalytic converter n.  a device incorporated in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, with a catalyst for converting pollutant gases into less harmful ones (安装在汽车排气装置上的)催化转化器，催化式排气净化器

catalytic cracker n.  a device for cracking (see 见 CRACK v. 9) petroleum oils by catalysis 催化裂化器，(尤指)用催化剂裂化石油的装置

catalyze US var.  of CATALYSE [美] CATALYSE 的变体

catamaran /kætəməˈræn/ n.  1  a boat with twin hulls in parallel 双体船，连体艇 2  a raft of yoked logs or boats 筏子 3 colloq.  a quarrelsome woman [口]泼妇，爱吵架的女人 [Tamil kattumaram ‘tied wood’]

catamite /ˈkætəmait/ n.  1  a boy kept for homosexual practices 娈童，供人鸡奸的男童 2  the passive partner in sodomy 被鸡奸者，鸡奸中被动的一方 [Latin catamitus via Etruscan from Greek Ganumēdēs ‘Ganymede’, the name of Zeus' cupbearer]

catamountain /kætəˈmaʊntin/ n. (also 亦作 catamount)  1  a lynx, leopard, puma, or similar cat (猞猁、豹、美洲狮或类似的)猫科动物 2 archaic  a wild quarrelsome person [古义]爱吵架的人 [Middle English from cat of the mountain]

catananche /kætəˈnæŋki/ n.  a plant of the genus Catananche (daisy family), with blue or yellow flowers 一种雏菊科草本植物，花朵为蓝或黄色 [modern Latin via Latin catanancē, a plant used in love potions, from Greek katanagkē (as CATA-, anagkē ‘compulsion’)]

cat-and-dog adj. (of a relationship etc.) full of quarrels 关系等争吵不休的

cataplexy /ˈkætəpleksi/ n.  sudden temporary paralysis due to fright etc. 猝倒(由于恐惧而突然暂时瘫痪) □ cataplectic  /-ˈplektik/ adj.   [Greek kataplēxis ‘stupefaction’ (as CATA-, plēssein ‘to strike’)]

catapult /ˈkætəpʌlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a forked stick etc. with elastic for shooting stones [尤英] (叉杆等样式的)弹弓 2 hist.  a military machine worked by a lever and ropes for hurling large stones etc. [史义]弩炮(投射大石头等用的军事装置) 3  a mechanical device for launching a glider, an aircraft from the deck of a ship, etc. (从轮船甲板上发射滑翔机或飞机的)弹射器 ●v.  1 tr.  a  hurl from or launch with a catapult 用弹弓射；用弹射器发射b  fling forcibly 猛掷，使劲投出 2 intr.  leap or be hurled forcibly 跳跃；猛投 [French catapulte or Latin catapulta from Greek katapeltēs (as CATA-, pallō ‘hurl’)]

cataract /ˈkætərækt/ n.  1  a  a large waterfall or cascade 大瀑布，急瀑布b  a downpour; a rush of water 暴雨；急流，奔流 2 Med.  a condition in which the eye lens becomes progressively opaque resulting in blurred vision 【医】白内障 [Latin cataracta from Greek katarrhaktēs ‘down-rushing’; in medical sense probably from obsolete sense ‘grating on a window’]

catarrh /kəˈtɑ:/ n.  1  inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, air passages, etc. 卡他，(鼻、气管等的)黏膜炎 2  a watery discharge in the nose or throat due to this (黏膜炎造成的)鼻喉部黏液 □ catarrhal  adj.   [French catarrhe via Late Latin catarrhus from Greek katarrhousin from katarrhe ‘flow down’ (as CATA-, rhein ‘flow’)]

catarrhine /ˈkætərain/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj. (of primates) having nostrils close together and directed downwards, as in a baboon, chimpanzee, or human (狒狒、黑猩猩或人)狭鼻类的 ●n.  such an animal (cf. 参见 PLATYRRHINE) 狭鼻类动物 [CATA- + rhis rhinos ‘nose’]

catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi/ n.  1  a great and usu. sudden disaster (通常指突然的)大灾难，灾祸 2  the denouement of a drama (戏剧的)结局 3  a disastrous end; ruin 灾难性的结局；毁灭 4  an event producing a subversion of the order of things 翻天覆地的事件 □ catastrophic  /-ˈstrɒfik/ adj.  □ catastrophically  /-ˈstrɒfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin catastropha from Greek katastrophē (as CATA-, strophē ‘turning’ from strephō ‘turn’)]

catastrophe theory n.  a branch of mathematics concerned with systems displaying abrupt discontinuous change (数学)突变理论

catastrophism /kəˈtæstrəfiz(ə)m/ n. Geol.  the theory that changes in the earth's crust have occurred in sudden violent and unusual events 【地质】灾变说(关于地壳变化是由于一些突然、剧烈和异常大灾难引起的理论) □ catastrophist  n.  

catatonia /kætəˈtəʊniə/ n.  1  schizophrenia with intervals of catalepsy and sometimes violence 紧张性精神分裂症 2  catalepsy 僵住症，强直性昏厥 □ catatonic  /-ˈtɒnik/ adj. & n.   [German Katatonie (as CATA-, TONE)]

catawba /kəˈtɔ:bə/ n.  1  a US variety of grape 美国蘡薁 2  a white wine made from this 蘡薁酒 [River Catawba in S. Carolina]

catbird /ˈkætbɜ:d/ n.  any of several birds with a mewing call like a cat, esp. a N. American mockingbird, Dumetalla carolinensis 猫鸟(叫声似猫，尤指一种北美嘲鸫)

catboat /ˈkætbəʊt/ n.  a sailing boat with a single mast placed well forward and carrying only one sail 单桅帆船 [perhaps from cat, a former type of coaler in NE England, + BOAT]

cat burglar n.  a burglar who enters by climbing to an upper storey 飞贼，翻墙攀屋的窃贼

catcall /ˈkætkɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a shrill whistle of disapproval made at meetings etc. (表示反对或嘲弄的)尖叫声，嘘声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a catcall 发尖叫声，发嘘声 2 tr.  make a catcall at 以尖叫声(或嘘声)嘲弄

catch /kætʃ/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. caught /kɔ:t/)  1 tr.  a  lay hold of so as to restrain or prevent from escaping; capture in a trap, in one's hands, etc. 捉住，逮住；捕获，捕捉b (also 亦作 catch hold of)  get into one's hands so as to retain, operate, etc. 抓住，握住  caught hold of the handle  握住把手 2 tr.  detect or surprise (a person, esp. in a wrongful or embarrassing act) 撞见；偶然发现(尤指发现某人正在做不正当或令人难堪的事)  caught me in the act  我被当场抓住 caught him smoking  撞见他吸烟 3 tr.  a  intercept and hold (a moving thing) in the hands etc. 接住；截住，拦住  failed to catch the ball  没能接住那个球 a bowl to catch the drips  接滴水的碗b Cricket  dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball before it reaches the ground 【板球】(空中接球从而)使击球员出局 4 tr.  a  contract (a disease) by infection or contagion 染上(疾病)b  acquire (a quality or feeling) from another's example 感受，受…感染  caught her enthusiasm  被她的热情所感染 5 tr.  a  reach in time and board (a train, bus, etc.) 及时赶到，赶上(火车公共汽车等)b  be in time to see etc. (a person or thing about to leave or finish) 看到，来得及看(正要离开的人或快要结束的事)  if you hurry you'll catch them  如果快点，你还能看到他们 caught the end of the performance  来得及看演出的结尾 6 tr.  a  apprehend with the senses or the mind (esp. a thing occurring quickly or briefly) 听清楚，领会，理解(尤指短瞬间发生的事情)  didn't catch what he said  没有听懂他的话b (of an artist etc.) reproduce faithfully (艺术家等)忠实地再现；捕捉 7  a intr.  become fixed or entangled; be checked 缠住；钩住；锁住；拴住  the bolt began to catch  门闩能拴住了b tr.  cause to do this 被缠住；被钩住；被锁住；被拴住  caught her tights on a nail  她的连裤袜被钉子钩住了c tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  hit, deal a blow to 打击，击中  caught him on the nose  击中了他的鼻子 caught his elbow on the table  他的胳膊肘撞在了桌子上 8 tr.  draw the attention of; captivate 引起注意；吸引住，迷住  caught his eye  引起他的注意 caught her fancy  深受她的喜爱 9 intr.  begin to burn 着火，开始燃烧 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  reach or overtake (a person etc. ahead) 追上，赶上(前面的人) 11 tr.  check suddenly 突然制止(或中止)  caught his breath  他屏住了气 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  grasp or try to grasp 抓住，伸手去抓 ●n.  1  a  an act of catching 抓，捉b Cricket  a chance or act of catching the ball 【板球】接球机会；接球 2  a  an amount of a thing caught, esp. of fish 捕获物；(尤指鱼)捕获量b  a thing or person caught or worth catching, esp. in marriage 值得获得的人(或物)；(尤指)值得看中的婚配对象 3  a  a question, trick, etc., intended to deceive, incriminate, etc. (故意骗人或使人上当的)圈套；诡计b  an unexpected or hidden difficulty or disadvantage 隐藏的困难，意想不到的不利条件 4  a device for fastening a door or window etc. 门闩；窗钩；拉手 5 Mus.  a round, esp. with words arranged to produce a humorous effect 【音】(尤指歌词)产生滑稽效果的轮唱 □ catch at a straw   see 见 STRAW □ catch one's death of cold   see 见 DEATH □ catch fire   see 见 FIRE □ catch it  slang  be punished or in trouble [俚语]陷入困境；受罚□ catch on  colloq. [口]  1 (of a practice, fashion, etc.) become popular (做法、时尚等)流行起来；受欢迎 2 (of a person) understand what is meant (指人)懂得，理解□ catch out  Brit. [英]  1  detect in a mistake etc. 发觉(某人)在犯错误 2  take unawares; cause to be bewildered or confused 使措手不及；使迷惑不解 3  = sense 3b of v. 动词释义 3b□ catch the sun   1  be in a sunny position 在明媚的阳光下 2 Brit.  become sunburnt [英]晒黑；晒焦□ catch up   1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  reach a person etc. ahead 追上，赶上  he caught up in the end  他最后终于追上了 he caught us up  他追上了我们 he caught up with us  他追上了我们b (often foll. by 常后跟 with, on)  make up arrears (of work etc.) 赶完，弥补(耽搁下来的事情等)  must catch up with my correspondence  必须补写我的信件 2  snatch or pick up hurriedly 急促地抓住；匆忙拾起 3 (often in passive 常用被动)  a  involve; entangle 被…缠住；被…卷入  caught up in suspicious dealings  卷入了可疑的行为b  fasten up 束住，挽起  hair caught up in a ribbon  用丝带把头发挽起□ (you wouldn't) catch me!  etc. (often foll. by 常后跟 pres. part.) colloq.  you may be sure I etc. shall not [口]你不会再见到我做…；相信我绝不会再做…□ catchable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French cachier, Old French chacier, ultimately from Latin captare ‘try to catch’]

catch-22 /ˌkætʃtwentiˈtu:/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  a dilemma or circumstance from which there is no escape because of mutually conflicting or dependent conditions [口]左右为难的情况；难以逾越的障碍，无法摆脱的困境 [title of a novel by J. Heller (1961) featuring a dilemma of this kind]

catch-all n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a thing designed to be all-inclusive 放各种各样东西的容器；包罗万象的事物

catch-as-catch-can n. & adj. ●n.  a style of wrestling with few holds barred 自由式摔跤 ●adj.  using whatever is available 随便用什么办法的；没有限制的；不择手段的  a catch-as-catch-can repair  随意的维修

catch crop n.  a crop grown between two staple crops (in position or time) 间作作物；填闲作物(两茬主要作物之间土地闲置时种植的作物)

catcher /ˈkætʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that catches 捕捉者；捕捉器 2 Baseball  a fielder positioned behind the home plate 【棒球】接球手

catchfly /ˈkætʃflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any plant of the genus Silene or Lychnis with a sticky stem 捕蝇植物(剪秋罗、麦瓶草等茎上分泌粘液可捕捉蚊蝇的植物)

catching /ˈkætʃiŋ/ adj.  1  a (of a disease) infectious (疾病)传染性的b (of a practice, habit, etc.) likely to be imitated (做法、习惯等)有可能被模仿的 2  attractive; captivating 有吸引力的；有感染力的

catchline /ˈkætʃlain/ n. Printing  a short line of type esp. at the head of copy or as a running headline 【印刷】(书、杂志等的)页首标题，栏外标题

catchment /ˈkætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  the collection of rainfall 贮水，集水

catchment area n.  1  the area from which rainfall flows into a river etc. (江河等的)汇水盆地 2  the area served by a school, hospital, etc. (学校、医院的)服务区域，受托区

catchpenny /ˈkætʃpeni/ adj.  intended merely to sell quickly; superficially attractive 只求便于推销的；华而不实的

catchphrase /ˈkætʃfreiz/ n.  a phrase in frequent use 时髦话，流行词句

catchup var.  of KETCHUP  KETCHUP 的变体

catchweight /ˈkætʃweit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  unrestricted as regards weight (竞技运动)不分体重级别的 ●n.  unrestricted weight, as a weight category in sports (体育比赛者)自选体重

catchword /ˈkætʃwɜ:d/ n.  1  a word or phrase in common (often temporary) use; a topical slogan 口号，标语；口头禅 2  a word so placed as to draw attention 引起注意的词；关键词 3 Theatr.  an actor's cue 【戏】(演员的)提示语，接头语 4 Printing  the first word of a page given at the foot of the previous one 【印刷】导字，渡词(印在前页末尾的次页首词)；(词典的)眉题

catchy /ˈkætʃi/ adj. (catchier, catchiest)  1 (of a tune) easy to remember; attractive (曲调)容易记住的；引起兴趣的 2  that snares or entraps; deceptive 欺骗性的；难以对付的 3 (of the wind etc.) fitful, spasmodic (风等)间歇的，断断续续的 □ catchily  adv.  □ catchiness  n.   [CATCH + -Y1]

cate /keit/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) archaic  choice food, delicacies [古义]美食，佳肴 [obsolete acate ‘purchase’ from Anglo-French acat, Old French achat, from acater, achater ‘buy’: see CATER]

catechetical /kætiˈketik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 catechetic)  1  of or by oral teaching 问答式教学的 2  according to the catechism of a Church 根据基督教《教理问答》的 3  consisting of or proceeding by question and answer 使用问答方式的 □ catechetically  adv.  □ catechetics  n.   [ecclesiastical Greek katēkhētikos from katēkhētēs ‘oral teacher’: see CATECHIZE]

catechism /ˈkætikiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers (基督教的)教理问答b  a book containing this 《教理问答》 2  a series of questions put to anyone (关于某个题目的)一套问答题 □ catechismal  /-ˈkizm(ə)l/ adj.   [ecclesiastical Latin catechismus (as CATECHIZE)]

catechist /ˈkætikist/ n.  a religious teacher, esp. one using a catechism (尤指以问答方式给新教徒)传授教义的人

catechize /ˈkætikaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  instruct by means of question and answer, esp. from a catechism (尤指)用问答方式传授(或指导) 2  put questions to; examine 盘问；检查 □ catechizer  n.   [Late Latin catechizare from ecclesiastical Greek katēkhizō, from katēkheō ‘make hear’ (as CATA-, ēkheō ‘sound’)]

catecholamine /kætiˈkəʊləmi:n/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of aromatic amines, many of which are neurotransmitters 【生化】儿茶酚胺(任何一种类型的芳香族胺，其中许多是中性传递媒介) (e.g. 如 adrenalin 肾上腺素 , dopamine 多巴胺) [catechol the parent compound (originally extracted from CATECHU) + AMINE]

catechu /ˈkætitʃu:/ n. (also 亦作 cachou /ˈkæʃu:/)  gambier or similar vegetable extract, containing tannin 黑儿茶，棕儿茶(从儿茶树枝叶及类似蔬菜中提取，内含单宁酸) [modern Latin from Malay kachu]

catechumen /kætiˈkju:men/ n.  a Christian convert under instruction before baptism 慕道友(指初信基督教尚未受洗礼而接受口授教义训练者) [Middle English via Old French catechumene or ecclesiastical Latin catechumenus from Greek katēkheō: see CATECHIZE]

categorical /kætiˈɡɒrik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 categoric)  unconditional, absolute; explicit, direct 无条件的，绝对的；明确的，直截了当的  a categorical refusal  直截了当的拒绝 □ categorically  adv.   [French catégorique or Late Latin categoricus from Greek katēgorikos: see CATEGORY]

categorical imperative n. Ethics  an unconditional moral obligation derived from pure reason; the bidding of conscience as ultimate moral law 【伦理学】绝对命令，直言命令

categorize /ˈkætiɡəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  place in a category or categories 把…分类，把…归类 □ categorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

category /ˈkætiɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a class or division 种类，类别 2 Philos. 【哲】  a  one of a possibly exhaustive set of classes among which all things might be distributed 范畴b  one of the a priori conceptions applied by the mind to sense-impressions (通过大脑应用于感性知觉的)首要概念c  any relatively fundamental philosophical concept (相对基本的)哲学概念 □ categorial  /-ˈɡɔ:riəl/ adj.   [French catégorie or Late Latin categoria from Greek katēgoria ‘statement’, from katēgoros ‘accuser’]

catena /kəˈti:nə/ n. (pl. catenae /-ni/ or catenas)  1  a connected series of patristic comments on Scripture (早期基督教著作家的)文选注释丛书 2  a series or chain 一系列，一连串 [Latin, = chain: originally catena patrum ‘chain of the Fathers’ (of the Church)]

catenary /kəˈti:nəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a curve formed by a uniform chain hanging freely from two points not in the same vertical line 悬链线(指悬挂于不在同一垂直线上两点的一根链条自由下垂所形成的弧线) ●adj.  of or resembling such a curve 悬链线(状)的 [Latin catenarius from catena ‘chain’]

catenary bridge n.  a suspension bridge hung from catenaries 悬链桥

catenate /ˈkætineit/ v. tr.  connect like links of a chain 把…连接成链状 □ catenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin catenare catenat- (as CATENARY)]

cater /ˈkeitə/ v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  provide food 提供饮食，承办酒席b tr. (as 作 catered adj.) esp. N. Amer.  with food provided, esp. by a professional caterer [尤北美] (尤指专业)提供饮食(的)  catered party  提供饮食的聚会 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, to)  provide what is desired or needed by 满足需求(或欲望) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  pander to (esp. low tastes) 投合，迎合(尤指低级趣味) [obsolete noun cater (now caterer), from Anglo-French acatour ‘buyer’ from acater ‘buy’, ultimately from Latin captare ‘seize’]

cateran /ˈkæt(ə)r(ə)n/ n. Sc. hist.  a Highland irregular fighting man; a marauder [苏格兰史义] (苏格兰高地的)非正规战士；劫匪，强盗 [Middle English from medieval Latin cateranus & Gaelic ceathairne ‘peasantry’]

cater-cornered /ˈkeitəkɔ:nəd/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 cater-corner, catty-cornered /ˈkæti-/, kitty-cornered /ˈkiti-/) N. Amer. [北美] ●adj.  placed or situated diagonally 成对角线的，斜的，斜置的 ●adv.  diagonally 成对角线地，斜地 [dialect adv. cater ‘diagonally’ (related to obsolete cater ‘the four on dice’, via French quatre from Latin quattuor ‘four’)]

caterer /ˈkeit(ə)rə/ n.  a person who supplies food for social events, esp. professionally (尤指职业的)酒席承办人；提供饮食及服务的人

catering /ˈkeit(ə)riŋ/ n.  the work of a caterer 承办酒席；提供饮食及服务

caterpillar /ˈkætəpilə/ n.  1  a  the larva of a butterfly or moth (蛾或蝶的)蠋，毛虫b (in general use) any similar larva of various insects (各种昆虫的)幼虫 2  a (in full 全称 caterpillar track or tread) propr.  an endless articulated steel band passing round the wheels of a tractor etc. for travel on rough ground [商标]履带b  a vehicle with these tracks, e.g. a tractor or tank 履带式车辆(如拖拉机或坦克) [perhaps Anglo-French variant of Old French chatepelose, literally ‘hairy cat’, influenced by obsolete piller ‘ravager’]

caterwaul /ˈkætəwɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make the shrill howl of a cat 发出猫求偶的叫声 ●n.  a caterwauling noise 猫求偶的叫声 [Middle English from CAT1 + -waul (imitative)]

catfish /ˈkætfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various esp. freshwater fish, usu. having whisker-like barbels round the mouth 鲶鱼，鲇鱼

cat flap n. (also 亦作 cat door)  a small swinging flap in an outer door, for a cat to pass in and out (门上供猫进出的)活板

catgut /ˈkætɡʌt/ n.  a material used for the strings of musical instruments and surgical sutures, made of the dried twisted intestines of the sheep, horse, or ass (but not the cat) (制琴弦或供外科手术缝合刀口的)肠线

Cath. abbr. [缩略]  1  Cathedral  2  Catholic 

Cathar /ˈkæθɑ:/ n. (pl. Cathars or Cathari /-ri/)  a member of a medieval sect which sought to achieve great spiritual purity 纯洁派教徒，卡特里派教徒(中世纪欧洲的一个基督教异端教派成员，强调精神上的纯洁) □ Catharism  n.  □ Catharist  n.   [medieval Latin Cathari (pl.) from Greek katharoi ‘pure’]

catharsis /kəˈθɑ:sis/ n. (pl. catharses /-si:z/)  1  an emotional release in drama or art (戏剧或艺术中)感情的抒发；陶冶；净化 2 Psychol.  the process of freeing repressed emotion by association with the cause, and elimination by abreaction 【心】宣泄，精神发泄 3 Med.  purgation 【医】导泻，通便 [modern Latin from Greek katharsis, from kathairō ‘cleanse’: sense 1 from Aristotle's Poetics]

cathartic /kəˈθɑ:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  effecting catharsis 有宣泄作用的；起陶冶作用的 2  purgative 导泻的，通便的 ●n.  a cathartic drug 泻药 □ cathartically  adv.   [Late Latin catharticus from Greek kathartikos (as CATHARSIS)]

Cathay /kæˈθei/ n. archaic or poet.  the country China [古义] [诗]中国 [medieval Latin Cataya]

cathead /ˈkæthed/ n. Naut.  a horizontal beam from each side of a ship's bow for raising and carrying the anchor 【海】系锚杆，锚架

cathectic  see 见 CATHEXIS 

cathedral /kəˈθi:dr(ə)l/ n.  the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's throne (内设主教座的)教区总教堂，大教堂 [Middle English (as adj.) from Old French cathedral or from Late Latin cathedralis, via Latin from Greek kathedra ‘seat’]

cathedral city n.  a city in which there is a cathedral 教区总教堂所在城市

Catherine /ˈkæθərin/   凯瑟琳 [人名]

Catherine wheel /ˈkæθrin/ n.  1  a firework in the form of a flat coil which spins when fixed and lit 凯瑟琳车轮式焰火 2  a circular window with radial divisions (凯瑟琳)车轮形窗户 [modern Latin Catharina from Greek Aikaterina, the name of a saint martyred on a spiked wheel]

catheter /ˈkæθitə/ n. Med.  a tube for insertion into a body cavity for introducing or removing fluid 【医】导管 [Late Latin from Greek kathetēr, from kathiēmi ‘send down’]

catheterize /ˈkæθitəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Med.  insert a catheter into 【医】将导管插入

cathetometer /kæθiˈtɒmitə/ n.  a telescope mounted on a graduated scale along which it can slide, used for accurate measurement of small vertical distances 高差计，测高计 [Latin cathetus from Greek kathetos ‘perpendicular line’ (as CATHETER + -METER)]

cathexis /kəˈθeksis/ n. (pl. cathexes /-si:z/) Psychol.  concentration of mental energy in one channel 【心】精神集中发泄，欲力投入 □ cathectic  adj.   [Greek kathexis ‘retention’]

cathode /ˈkæθəʊd/ n. (also 亦作 kathode) Electr.  1  the negative terminal of an electrical device (opp. 反义 ANODE) 【电】(电装置的)阴极 2  the terminal or electrode by which electric current leaves a device 负极 □ cathodal  adj.  □ cathodic  /kəˈθɒdik/ adj.   [Greek kathodos ‘descent’ (as CATA- + hodos ‘way’)]

cathode ray n.  a beam of electrons emitted from the cathode of a high-vacuum tube 阴极射线

cathode ray tube n.  a high-vacuum tube in which cathode rays produce a luminous image on a fluorescent screen (abbr. 缩略 : CRT) 阴极射线管

cathodic protection n.  protection of a metal structure from corrosion underwater by making it act as an electrical cathode 阴极保护，电解保护

catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of interest or use to all; universal 广泛的，通用的；普遍的 2  all-embracing; of wide sympathies or interests 包罗万象的；兴趣广泛的  has catholic tastes  有广泛的兴趣 3 (作 Catholic)  a  of the Roman Catholic religion 罗马天主教的b  including all Christians 全基督教的c  including all of the Western Church (包括西方所有教会在内)基督教正统教会的 ●n. (作 Catholic)  a Roman Catholic 天主教教徒 □ catholically  adv.  □ Catholicism  /kəˈθɒlisiz(ə)m/ n.  □ catholicity  /kæθəˈlisiti/ n.  □ catholicly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French catholique or Late Latin catholicus from Greek katholikos ‘universal’, from kata ‘in respect of’ + holos ‘whole’]

catholicize /kəˈθɒlisaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make or become catholic (使)普遍，使广泛 2 (作 Catholicize)  make or become a Roman Catholic (使)皈依天主教

Cathy /ˈkæθi/   凯瑟琳；凯西 [人名]

cat-ice n.  thin ice unsupported by water (下面没有水支撑的)薄冰

cation /ˈkætaiən/ n.  a positively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis (opp. 反义 ANION) 阳离子；(电解中)被阴极吸附的离子 [CATA- + ION]

cationic /kætaiˈɒnik/ adj.  1  of a cation or cations 阳离子的 2  having an active cation 带有活性阳离子的

catkin /ˈkætkin/ n.  a spike of usu. downy or silky male or female flowers hanging from a willow, hazel, etc. 柔荑花序(垂于柳树或桦树等枝头的软毛花穗) [obsolete Dutch katteken ‘kitten’]

catlick /ˈkætlik/ n. Brit. colloq.  a perfunctory wash [英口]敷衍的洗，马马虎虎的洗

catlike /ˈkætlaik/ adj.  1  like a cat 像猫一样的 2  stealthy 偷偷摸摸的

catmint /ˈkætmint/ n. esp. Brit.  a plant, Nepeta cataria (mint family), with downy leaves, purple-spotted white flowers, and a mintlike smell attractive to cats Also called 亦称作 catnip [尤英]猫薄荷，樟脑草(薄荷属植物，叶上有绒毛，白色花上有紫色斑点，其薄荷香味对猫有吸引力)

catnap /ˈkætnæp/ n. & v. ●n.  a short sleep 小睡，瞌睡 ●v. intr. (-napped, -napping)  have a catnap 打瞌睡，打盹儿

catnip /ˈkætnip/ n.  = CATMINT  [CAT1 + dialect nip ‘catmint’, variant of dialect nep from medieval Latin nepta from Latin nepeta]

cat-o'-nine-tails n. hist.  a rope whip with nine knotted lashes for flogging sailors, soldiers, or criminals [史义]九尾鞭(旧时体罚水手、士兵或罪犯的鞭子)

catoptric /kæˈtɒptrik/ adj.  of or relating to a mirror, a reflector, or reflection 镜子的，反射物的，反射的 □ catoptrics  n.   [Greek katoptrikos from katoptron ‘mirror’]

cat's cradle n.  a child's game in which a loop of string is held between the fingers and patterns are formed 翻线儿，翻绳儿，挑绷子(一种儿童游戏)

Catseye /ˈkætsai/ n. Brit. propr.  one of a series of reflector studs set into a road [英] [商标] (路面上的)猫眼反光镜

cat's-eye /ˈkætsai/ n.  a precious stone of Sri Lanka and the Malabar Coast 猫眼石(一种宝石)

cat's-foot n.  a small plant of the genus Antennaria (daisy family), having soft woolly leaves and growing on the surface of the ground 欧亚活血丹；蝶须(雏菊科植物，叶子柔软，呈绒毛状)

cat's-paw n.  1  a person used as a tool by another 为他人火中取栗者，做他人工具者 2  a slight breeze rippling the surface of water 猫掌风(水面上的微风)

cat's-tail n.  = REED MACE 

catsuit /ˈkætsu:t, -sju:t/ n. Brit.  a close-fitting garment with trouser legs, covering the body from neck to feet [英]女式紧身连衣裤

catsup US var.  of KETCHUP [美] KETCHUP 的变体

cat's whisker n.  a fine adjustable wire in a crystal radio receiver (晶体管收音机中的)触须，晶须 □ the cat's whiskers (or pyjamas)  slang  an excellent person or thing [俚语]了不起的人；绝妙的东西

cattery /ˈkætəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where cats are boarded or bred 猫屋，猫窝

cattish /ˈkætiʃ/ adj.  = CATTY  □ cattishly  adv.  □ cattishness  n.  

cattle /ˈkæt(ə)l/ n. pl.  1  large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs, e.g. cows, bison, and buffalo, esp. of the genus Bos 牛(反刍动物，偶蹄，如奶牛、野牛、水牛等) 2 archaic  livestock [古义]牲口 [Middle English & Anglo-French catel from Old French chatel CHATTEL]

cattle cake n. Brit.  a concentrated food for cattle, in cake form [英]饼状牛饲料，家畜饲料饼

cattle grid n. Brit.  a grid covering a ditch, allowing vehicles to pass over but not cattle, sheep, etc. [英]挡畜沟栅(铺设在沟渠上面供车辆通行使用，而牛羊等则不敢过)

cattle guard n. N. Amer. [北美]  = CATTLE GRID 

cattleman /ˈkæt(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men) N. Amer.  a person who tends or rears cattle [北美]养牛人，牧牛工人

cattle-plague n.  rinderpest 牛瘟，牛疫

cattle stop n. NZ [新]  = CATTLE GRID 

cattleya /ˈkætliə/ n.  any epiphytic orchid of the genus Cattleya, with violet, pink, or yellow flowers 卡特米兰(附生兰科植物，花为紫色，粉红或黄色) [modern Latin, named after W. Cattley, English patron of botany d. 1832]

catty /ˈkæti/ adj. (cattier, cattiest)  1  sly, spiteful; deliberately hurtful in speech 狡猾的，诡诈的；恶毒的，刁钻刻薄的 2  catlike 像猫的 □ cattily  adv.  □ cattiness  n.  

catty-cornered var.  of CATER-CORNERED  CATER-CORNERED 的变体

catwalk /ˈkætwɔ:k/ n.  1  a narrow footway along a bridge, above a theatre stage, etc. (桥面、舞台上的)狭窄通道 2  a narrow platform or gangway used in fashion shows etc. (时装表演等用的)狭窄舞台

Caucasian /kɔ:ˈkeizjən, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the white or light-skinned division of humankind 白种人的，高加索人的 2  of or relating to the Caucasus 高加索的 ●n.  a Caucasian person 高加索人 [Caucasus, mountains between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, the supposed place of origin of this people]

Caucasoid /ˈkɔ:kəsɔid/ adj.  of or relating to the Caucasian division of humankind 白种人的，高加索种人的

caucus /ˈkɔ:kəs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. caucuses)  1 (in N. America and New Zealand) (北美和新西兰)a  a meeting of the members of a legislative body belonging to a particular political party, to decide policy (政党决策的)立法机构成员会议b  a bloc of such members 领导集团，决策机构c  this system as a political force (作为政治力量的)决策领导体制 2 often derog. [常贬] (esp. in the UK) (尤英国)a  a usu. secret meeting of a group within a larger organization or party (通常在大机构或政党核心成员内部举行的)秘密会议b  such a group (机构或政党内部的)核心成员秘密组织 ●v. intr. (caucused, caucusing)  hold or form a caucus 召开核心成员会议；组成领导核心 [18th-c. US, perhaps from Algonquian cau'-cau-as'u ‘adviser’]

caudal /ˈkɔ:d(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like a tail 尾巴的，像尾巴的 2  of the posterior part of the body (身体)后部的，尾部的 □ caudally  adv.   [modern Latin caudalis from Latin cauda ‘tail’]

caudate /ˈkɔ:deit/ adj.  having a tail 有尾巴的 [see CAUDAL]

caudillo /kaʊˈdi:ljəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in Spanish-speaking countries) a military or political leader (说西班牙语的国家的)军方首脑；国家元首 [Spanish from Late Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput ‘head’]

caught past and past part.  of CATCH 

caul /kɔ:l/ n.  1  a  the inner membrane enclosing a foetus 胎头羊膜，胎膜b  part of this occasionally found on a child's head at birth, thought to bring good luck (婴儿出生时头部偶尔带有的)部分胎膜 2 hist. [史义]  a  a woman's close-fitting indoor headdress (室内用)女子头饰b  the plain back part of a woman's indoor headdress (女子头饰上)无装饰的后部 3  the omentum 网膜 [Middle English perhaps from Old French cale ‘small cap’]

cauldron /ˈkɔ:ldr(ə)n, ˈkɒl-/ n. (also 亦作 caldron)  a large deep bowl-shaped vessel for boiling over an open fire; an ornamental vessel resembling this (用于煮东西的)大锅；锅状器皿 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French caudron, ultimately from Latin caldarium ‘hot bath’ from calidus ‘hot’]

cauliflower /ˈkɒliflaʊə/ n.  1  a variety of cabbage with a large immature flower head of small usu. creamy-white flower buds 花椰菜，花菜(甘蓝的一种) 2  the flower head eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜的花(作蔬菜用) [earlier cole-florie etc. from obsolete French chou fleuri ‘flowered cabbage’, assimilated to COLE and FLOWER]

cauliflower cheese n. Brit.  a savoury dish of cauliflower in a cheese sauce [英]干酪花菜(一种开胃菜肴)

cauliflower ear n.  an ear thickened or deformed by repeated blows, esp. in boxing (尤指拳击手因反复受击打而变畸形的)开花耳朵

caulk /kɔ:k/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] calk) ●n.  a waterproof filler and sealant, used in building (建筑中填嵌的)防水填料，防渗漏剂  bathroom caulk  洗澡间防渗漏剂 ●v. tr.  1  seal (a seam etc.) with caulk 用(密封材料)填嵌隙缝 2  a  stop up (the seams of a boat etc.) with oakum etc. and waterproofing material, or by driving plate-junctions together 捻缝(填入麻絮和防水材料以防漏水)；敛缝(指锤打铆好的钢板使铆缝不漏水)b  make (esp. a boat) watertight by this method 使(尤指船只)不漏水 □ caulker  n.   [Old French dialect cauquer ‘tread, press with force’, from Latin calcare ‘tread’ from calx ‘heel’]

causal /ˈkɔ:z(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, forming, or expressing a cause or causes 原因的；构成原因的；表示原因的 2  relating to, or of the nature of, cause and effect 因果关系的；具有因果关系性质的 □ causally  adv.   [Late Latin causalis: see CAUSE]

causality /kɔ:ˈzæliti/ n.  1  the relation of cause and effect 因果关系 2  the principle that everything has a cause 因果原理，因果律

causation /kɔ:ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of causing or producing an effect 引起结果，产生效果 2  = CAUSALITY 1  [French causation or Latin causatio ‘pretext’ etc., in medieval Latin ‘the action of causing’, from causare CAUSE]

causative /ˈkɔ:zətiv/ adj.  1  acting as cause 成为原因的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  producing; having as effect 产生效果的 3 Gram.  expressing cause 【语法】使役的，表示原因的 □ causatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French causatif or from Late Latin causativus: see CAUSATION]

'cause /kɒz, kəz/ conj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = BECAUSE  [abbreviation]

cause /kɔ:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  that which produces an effect, or gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition 原因，起因b  a person or thing that occasions something 引起某事的人(或事物)c  a reason or motive; a ground that may be held to justify something 理由；动机；(充分的)根据  no cause for complaint  没有理由抱怨 2  a reason adjudged adequate (充分的)理由  show cause  表示异议的理由 3  a principle, belief, or purpose which is advocated or supported (拥护或支持的)事业  faithful to the cause  忠实于这项事业 4  a  a matter to be settled at law (有待通过法律解决的)事项b  an individual's case offered at law 诉讼案件  plead a cause  为案件进行辩护 5  the side taken by any party in a dispute (争议中任何一方所持的)立场 ●v. tr.  1  be the cause of, produce, make happen 是…的起因；使产生，使发生  caused a commotion  引起骚动 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  induce 使，促使  caused me to smile  使我发笑 caused it to be done  促使它的完成 □ cause and effect   1  a cause and the effect it produces; the doctrine of causation 原因和结果；因果原理 2  the operation or relation of a cause and its effect 因果关系□ in the cause of   to maintain, defend, or support 坚持；捍卫；支持  in the cause of justice  坚持正义□ make common cause with   join the side of 与…联合，与…合作□ causable  adj.  □ causeless  adj.  □ causer  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin causa (n.), causare (v.)]

cause célèbre /kɔ:z seˈlebr(ə)/ n. (pl. causes célèbres pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a lawsuit that attracts much attention 轰动的案件 2  an issue that gives rise to widespread public discussion (引起广泛争论的)事件 [French]

causerie /ˈkəʊzəri, 法 kozri/ n. (pl. causeries pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an informal article or talk, esp. on a literary subject (尤指文艺方面的)随笔，漫谈 [French from causer ‘talk’]

causeway /ˈkɔ:zwei/ n.  1  a raised road or track across low or wet ground or a stretch of water (穿过低洼湿地或浅水的)堤道 2  a raised path by a road (公路旁铺筑的)人行道 [earlier cauce, cauceway from Old Norman French caucié, ultimately from Latin CALX ‘lime, limestone’]

causey /ˈkɔ:zi, -si/ n. archaic or dial. [古义] [方]  = CAUSEWAY 

caustic /ˈkɔ:stik, ˈkɒst-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that burns or corrodes organic tissue 腐蚀性的 2  sarcastic, biting 讽刺的，尖刻的 3 Chem.  strongly alkaline 【化】苛性的 4 Physics  formed by the intersection of reflected or refracted parallel rays from a curved surface 【物理学】焦散的 ●n.  1  a caustic substance 腐蚀剂 2 Physics  a caustic surface or curve 【物理学】焦散曲线；焦散面 □ caustically  adv.  □ causticity  /-ˈtisiti/ n.   [Latin causticus from Greek kaustikos, from kaustos ‘burnt’, from kaiō ‘burn’]

caustic potash n.  potassium hydroxide 苛性钾，氢氧化钾

caustic soda n.  sodium hydroxide 苛性苏打，苛性钠，烧碱

cauterize /ˈkɔ:təraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Med.  burn or coagulate (tissue) with a heated instrument or caustic substance, esp. to stop bleeding 【医】(用烙器或烧灼剂等)烙，烧灼(尤指止血) □ cauterization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French cautériser via Late Latin cauterizare from Greek kautēriazō, from kautērion ‘branding-iron’, from kaiō ‘burn’]

caution /ˈkɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  attention to safety; prudence, carefulness 小心；谨慎，慎重 2  a esp. Brit.  a warning, esp. a formal one in law [尤英] (尤指依据法律的正式)警告b  a formal warning and reprimand 正式警告；谴责 3 colloq.  an amusing or surprising person or thing [口]逗人发笑的人(或物)，使人惊讶的人(或物) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, or to + infin.)  warn or admonish 警告，劝告，告诫 2 esp. Brit.  issue a caution to [尤英]提醒，劝…小心 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cautio -onis, from cavēre caut- ‘take heed’]

cautionary /ˈkɔ:ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.  that gives or serves as a warning 提醒注意的；告诫的  a cautionary tale  警世故事

caution money n. Brit.  a sum deposited as security for good conduct [英] (为保证优良行为而付的)保证金

cautious /ˈkɔ:ʃəs/ adj.  careful, prudent; attentive to safety 小心的，谨慎的；注意安全的 □ cautiously  adv.  □ cautiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin: see CAUTION]

cavalcade /kæv(ə)lˈkeid, ˈkæv(ə)lkeid/ n.  a procession or formal company of riders, motor vehicles, etc. 骑手队列，马队；汽车车队 [French from Italian cavalcata from cavalcare ‘ride’, ultimately from Latin caballus ‘packhorse’]

cavalier /kævəˈliə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist. (作 Cavalier)  a supporter of Charles I in the Civil War [史义]保王党成员(英国内战时期查理一世的支持者) 2  a courtly gentleman, esp. as a lady's escort 彬彬有礼的绅士(尤指贵妇人的护送者) 3 archaic  a horseman [古义]骑士，骑兵 ●adj.  offhand, supercilious, blasé 不礼貌的；傲慢的；无动于衷的 □ cavalierly  adv.   [French from Italian cavaliere, ultimately from Latin caballus ‘horse’: cf. CABALLERO, CHEVALIER]

cavalry /ˈkæv(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  soldiers on horseback or in armoured vehicles 骑兵(部队)；装甲兵(部队) [French cavallerie via Italian cavalleria from cavallo ‘horse’, from Latin caballus]

cavalryman /ˈkæv(ə)lrimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a soldier of a cavalry regiment 骑兵

cavalry twill n.  a strong fabric in a double twill 马裤呢，兔斜纹厚呢，双纹呢

cavatina /kævəˈti:nə/ n.  1  a short simple song 短歌，小曲 2  a similar piece of instrumental music, usu. slow and emotional 抒情器乐 [Italian]

cave1 /keiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large hollow in the side of a cliff, hill, etc., or underground 山洞，洞穴；地穴 2 Brit. hist.  a dissident political group [英史义]脱党小宗派，持不同政见的集团 ●v. intr.  explore caves, esp. interconnecting or underground 探察洞穴(尤指探察内连洞穴或地下洞穴) □ cave in   1  a (of a wall, earth over a hollow, etc.) subside, collapse (墙壁、洞穴等)下沉，坍塌，塌陷b  cause (a wall, earth, etc.) to do this 使(墙壁、洞穴等)坍塌，塌陷 2  yield or submit under pressure; give up (被迫)屈服，投降；放弃□ cavelike  adj.  □ caver  n.  (业余爱好)探察洞穴者 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cava, from cavus ‘hollow’: cave in probably from E. Anglian dialect calve in, ultimately from Germanic]

cave2 /keivi/ int. Brit. school slang  look out! (as a warning cry) [英] [学俚]当心！注意！ (告知“老师来了”的报警用语) □ keep cave   act as lookout 望风 [Latin, = beware]

caveat /ˈkæviæt, ˈkei-/ n.  1  a warning or proviso 警告，告诫；限制性条款 2 Law  a process in court to suspend proceedings 【法律】(法庭)中止诉讼的程序 [Latin, = let a person beware]

caveat emptor /kæviæt ˈemptɔ:/ n.  the principle that the buyer alone is responsible if dissatisfied 买主自行小心，货物售出概不退换(商家对买主的警告用语) [Latin, = let the buyer beware]

cave bear n.  an extinct kind of large bear, whose bones have been found in caves 洞熊，穴熊(已经绝灭的一种熊，因在山洞中发现其骨骼化石而得名)

cave dweller n.  = CAVEMAN 

cave-in n.  1  a collapse of a wall, earth over a hollow, etc. (墙壁、洞穴等的)下沉，坍塌，塌陷 2  an instance of yielding under pressure 坍塌，塌方

caveman /ˈkeivmæn/ n. (pl. -men; fem. cavewoman, pl. -women)  1  a prehistoric man living in a cave (史前的)穴居人 2  a primitive or crude man 未开化的人，野蛮人，行为粗野的人

cave painting n.  a prehistoric or primitive picture on the interior of a cave, esp. depicting animals (尤以画动物为主的史前或原始)洞穴壁画

cavern /ˈkæv(ə)n/ n.  1  a cave, esp. a large or dark one (尤指大而黑的)洞穴，山洞 2  a dark cavelike place, e.g. a room 似洞穴的幽暗处(尤指黑屋子) □ cavernous  adj.  □ cavernously  adv.   [Middle English from Old French caverne or from Latin caverna, from cavus ‘hollow’]

caviar /ˈkæviɑ:, kæviˈɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 caviare)  the pickled roe of sturgeon or other large fish, eaten as a delicacy 鱼子酱 [early forms representing Italian caviale, French caviar, probably from medieval Greek khavíari]

cavil /ˈkæv(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (cavilled, cavilling; US [美] caviled, caviling) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, about)  make petty objections; carp 吹毛求疵；挑剔，找茬 ●n.  a trivial objection 吹毛求疵的意见，挑剔 □ caviller  n.   [French caviller from Latin cavillari, from cavilla ‘mockery’]

caving /ˈkeiviŋ/ n.  exploring caves as a sport or pastime (作为体育运动或业余爱好的)洞穴探察

cavitation /kæviˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the formation of a cavity in a structure (结构内的)成穴，成洞，成腔 2  the formation of bubbles or cavities in a liquid by the movement through it of a propeller etc. (液体因运动而形成的)气泡，气窝，气穴

cavity /ˈkæviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hollow within a solid body (固体内的)洞，穴 2  a decayed part of a tooth (牙齿的)龋洞 [French cavité or Late Latin cavitas, from Latin cavus ‘hollow’]

cavity wall n.  a wall formed from two skins of brick or blockwork with a space between 空心墙

cavort /kəˈvɔ:t/ v. intr. colloq.  caper excitedly; gambol, prance [口]跳跃；嬉戏；腾跃 [US, perhaps from CURVET]

cavy /ˈkeivi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any small rodent of the family Caviidae, native to S. America and having a sturdy body and vestigial tail, including guinea pigs 豚鼠，天竺鼠(豚鼠科啮齿动物，原产于南美洲) [modern Latin cavia from Galibi cabiai]

caw /kɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  the harsh cry of a rook, crow, etc. 乌鸦叫声 ●v. intr.  utter this cry 呱呱地叫，发乌鸦叫声 [imitative]

cay /kei, ki:/ n.  a low insular bank or reef of coral, sand, etc. (cf. 参见 KEY2) 珊瑚礁；沙洲，沙礁 [Spanish cayo ‘shoal, reef’ from French quai: see QUAY]

cayenne /keiˈen/ n. (in full 全称 cayenne pepper)  a pungent red pepper prepared from ground dried chillies (红)辣椒粉 [Tupi kyynha assimilated to Cayenne, the capital of French Guiana]

cayman /ˈkeimən/ n. (also 亦作 caiman)  any of several reptiles related to alligators, esp. of the genus Caiman of Central and S. America 凯门鳄，宽吻鳄(鳄类爬行动物，尤指中部和南部美洲的短吻鳄) [Spanish & Portuguese caiman, from Carib acayuman]

cañon var.  of CANYON  CANYON 的变体

CB abbr. [缩略]  1  citizens' band  2 (in the UK) Companion of the Order of the Bath (英国)巴思爵士

CBC abbr.  Canadian Broadcasting Corporation [缩略]加拿大广播公司

CBE abbr.  Commander of the Order of the British Empire [缩略]英帝国二等勋爵士

CBI abbr. (in the UK) Confederation of British Industry [缩略]英国工业联合会

CBS abbr. (in the US) Columbia Broadcasting System [缩略] (美国)哥伦比亚广播公司

CC abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit. [英]  a  City Council 市议会，市政会b  County Council c  County Councillor  2  Cricket Club 板球俱乐部 3  Companion of the Order of Canada 加拿大勋爵士

cc abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 c.c.)  1  cubic centimetre(s) 立方厘米 2  carbon copy 

CCD abbr. Electronics  charge-coupled device, a high-speed semiconductor device used esp. in image detection [缩略]【电子学】电荷耦合器件(一种高速半导体装置，尤用于图像探测)

CD abbr. [缩略]  1  compact disc  2  Civil Defence  3  Corps Diplomatique 

Cd symb. Chem.  the element cadmium [符]【化】(化学元素)镉

Cd. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (third series, 1900 － 18) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第三辑， 1900 至 1918 年)

cd abbr. [缩略]  candela 

CDC abbr. (in the US) Centers for Disease Control [缩略] (美国)疾病控制中心

Cdr. abbr. Mil. [缩略]【军】  Commander 

Cdre. abbr. [缩略]  Commodore 

CD-ROM /si:di:ˈrɒm/ abbr.  compact disc read-only memory (for retrieval of text or data on a VDU screen) [缩略]光碟；光盘只读存储器(用于在图像显示屏幕上检索文本或数据)

CDT abbr. [缩略]  1  Central Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Central Standard Time) (美国)中部夏令时间(比中部标准时间早一个小时) 2  craft, design, and technology 工艺、设计和技术

CD video n.  a system of simultaneously reproducing high-quality sound and video pictures from a compact disc 影视光碟，影碟

CE abbr. [缩略]  1  Church of England  2  civil engineer  3  Common Era 

Ce symb. Chem.  the element cerium [符]【化】(化学元素)铈

ceanothus /si:əˈnəʊθəs/ n.  any shrub of the genus Ceanothus, with small blue or white flowers 美洲茶(鼠李科灌木，开蓝色或白色小花) [modern Latin, from Greek keanōthos, a kind of thistle]

cease /si:s/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  stop; bring or come to an end 停止，终止  ceased breathing  停止了呼吸 ●n. (in 用于 without cease)  unendingly 不停地，不断地 □ cease fire  Mil.  stop firing 【军】停火，停战 [Middle English from Old French cesser, Latin cessare frequentative of cedere cess- ‘yield’]

ceasefire /ˈsi:sfaiə/ n. Mil. 【军】  1  an order to stop firing 停火命令 2  a period of truce; a suspension of hostilities 停火(期)，停战(期)

ceaseless /ˈsi:slis/ adj.  without end; not ceasing 不停的，不间断的 □ ceaselessly  adv.  

Cecil /ˈsesl, ˈsisl/   塞西尔 [人名]

Cecilia /siˈsiljə/   塞西莉亚 [人名]

Cecily /ˈsisili/   塞西莉 [人名]

cecitis US var.  of CAECITIS [美] CAECITIS 的变体

cecum US var.  of CAECUM [美] CAECUM 的变体

cedar /ˈsi:də/ n.  1  any spreading evergreen conifer of the genus Cedrus, bearing tufts of small needles and cones of papery scales, esp. (more fully 全称 cedar of Lebanon) Cedrus libani, native to Asia Minor 雪松(针叶松柏科植物，尤指产于小亚细亚的黎巴嫩雪松) 2  any of various similar conifers yielding timber 松柏 3  = CEDARWOOD  □ cedarn  adj. poet. [诗]   [Middle English via Old French cedre and Latin cedrus from Greek kedros]

cedarwood /ˈsi:dəwʊd/ n.  the fragrant durable wood of any cedar tree (有持久芳香的)雪松木材

cede /si:d/ v. tr.  give up one's rights to or possession of 放弃(权利)；割让，转让(所有权) [French céder or Latin cedere ‘yield’]

cedi /ˈsi:di/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or cediscedis)  the chief monetary unit of Ghana 塞地(加纳货币单位) [Ghanaian, perhaps from alteration of SHILLING]

cedilla /siˈdilə/ n.  1  a mark written under the letter c, esp. in French, to show that it is sibilant (as in 如 façade) 下加符，尾形符(尤在法语中，加在字母 c 下面，表示该字母发咝音) 2  a similar mark under s in Turkish and other oriental languages (土耳其等语言中加在字母 s 下面的)下加符，尾形符 [Spanish cedilla, diminutive of zeda, from Greek zēta, the letter Z]

Cedric /ˈsedrik/   锡德里克 [人名]

Ceefax /ˈsi:fæks/ n. Brit. propr.  a teletext service provided by the BBC [英] [商标] (由 BBC 公司提供的)传真电报 [representing the pronunciation of seeing + facsimile]

CEGB abbr. (in the UK) Central Electricity Generating Board [缩略] (英国)中央电力局

ceilidh /ˈkeili/ n. orig. Ir. & Sc.  an informal gathering for conversation, music, dancing, songs, and stories [源于爱尔兰和苏格兰]同乐会(有歌曲、舞蹈、音乐和故事的非正式集会) [Gaelic, from Old Irish céilide ‘visit, visiting’ from céile ‘companion’]

ceiling /ˈsi:liŋ/ n.  1  a  the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment 天花板；顶篷b  the material forming this 天花板材料 2  an upper limit on prices, wages, performance, etc. (价格、工资、性能等)最高限度，最大限额，封顶 3 Aeron.  the maximum altitude a given aircraft can reach 【空】最大飞行高度，升限 4 Naut.  the inside planking of a ship's bottom and sides 【海】舱底木铺板，舱内衬板 [Middle English celynge, siling, perhaps ultimately from Latin caelum ‘heaven’ or celare ‘hide’]

celadon /ˈselədɒn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a willow-green colour 柳绿色 2  a grey-green glaze used on some pottery (瓷器的)灰绿色釉 3  Chinese pottery glazed in this way 青瓷(一种著名的中国瓷器) ●adj.  of a grey-green colour 灰绿色的 [French, from the name of the hero in d'Urfé's pastoral romance L'Astrée (1607 － 27)]

celandine /ˈseləndain/ n.  either of two yellow-flowered plants, the greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, and the lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria 白屈菜，欧洲毛茛(两种白屈菜属植物之一，开黄色花) [Middle English and Old French celidoine, ultimately from Greek khelidōn ‘swallow’: the flowering of the plant was associated with the arrival of swallows]

-cele /si:l/ comb. form (also 亦作 -coele) Med.  swelling, hernia (gastrocele 胃膨出) [构词成分]【医】肿胀，疝气 [Greek kēlē ‘tumour’]

celeb /siˈleb/ n. colloq. [口]  = CELEBRITY 1  [abbreviation]

celebrant /ˈselibr(ə)nt/ n.  a person who performs a rite, esp. a priest at the Eucharist 主持宗教仪式者(尤指主持圣餐的牧师) [French célébrant or Latin celebrare celebrant-: see CELEBRATE]

celebrate /ˈselibreit/ v.  1 tr.  mark (a festival or special event) with festivities etc. 庆祝(节日或者特别事件) 2 tr.  perform publicly and duly (a religious ceremony etc.) (正式公开地)举行(宗教仪式等) 3  a tr.  officiate at (the Eucharist) 主持(圣餐)b intr.  officiate, esp. at the Eucharist 主持(尤圣餐) 4 intr.  engage in festivities, usu. after a special event etc. (通常在重大事件等之后)举行庆祝活动 5 tr. (esp. as 尤作 celebrated adj.)  honour publicly, make widely known (当众)赞美，称赞；使著名 □ celebration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ celebrator  n.  □ celebratory  adj.   [Latin celebrare from celeber -bris ‘frequented, honoured’]

celebrity /siˈlebriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a well-known person 名人，名流 2  fame 名声，名望；著名 [French célébrité or Latin celebritas, from celeber: see CELEBRATE]

celeriac /siˈleriæk/ n.  a variety of celery with a swollen turnip-like stem base used as a vegetable 块根芹(芹菜的一种，其根茎像萝卜，可作蔬菜) [CELERY: -ac is unexplained]

celerity /siˈleriti/ n. archaic or literary  swiftness (esp. of a living creature) [古义] [文学用语] (尤指生物)迅速，快速 [Middle English via French célérité from Latin celeritas -tatis, from celer ‘swift’]

celery /ˈseləri/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Apium graveolens, with closely packed succulent leaf-stalks used as a vegetable 芹菜 [French céleri via Italian dialect selleri and Latin selinum from Greek selinon ‘parsley’]

celery pine n.  an Australasian tree, Phyllocladus trichomanoides, with branchlets like celery leaves 芹松(大洋洲产紫杉科乔木，树顶的小枝状如芹叶)

celesta /siˈlestə/ n. Mus.  a small keyboard instrument resembling a glockenspiel, with hammers striking steel plates suspended over wooden resonators, giving an ethereal bell-like sound 【音】钢片琴 [pseudo-Latin from French céleste: see CELESTE]

celeste /siˈlest/ n. Mus.  1  an organ and harmonium stop with a soft tremulous tone 【音】(带有轻柔颤音的)风琴音栓 2  = CELESTA  [French céleste ‘heavenly’ from Latin caelestis, from caelum ‘heaven’]

celestial /siˈlestiəl/ adj.  1  heavenly; divinely good or beautiful; sublime 天国的；美好的；崇高的 2  of the sky, or of outer space as observed in astronomy etc. (天文学中所观测到的)天的，天空的，太空的 □ celestially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin from Latin caelestis: see CELESTE]

celestial equator n.  the great circle of the sky in the plane perpendicular to the earth's axis 天(球)赤道

celestial horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1c 

celestial navigation n.  navigation by the stars etc. 天文航海，天文导航

celestial sphere n.  an imaginary sphere of which the observer is the centre and in which celestial objects are represented as lying 天球

Celia /ˈsi:ljə/   西莉亚 [人名]

celiac US var.  of COELIAC [美] COELIAC 的变体

celibate /ˈselibət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  committed to abstention from sexual relations and from marriage, esp. for religious reasons (尤指出于宗教原因而)立誓不婚的，独身的 2  abstaining from sexual relations 禁欲的 ●n.  a celibate person 独身者，禁欲者 □ celibacy  n.   [French célibat or Latin caelibatus ‘unmarried state’, from caelebs -ibis ‘unmarried’]

cell /sel/ n.  1  a small room, esp. in a prison or monastery (尤指牢房或修道院中的)小房间 2  a small compartment, e.g. in a honeycomb 小隔间(如蜂房的巢室) 3  a small group as a nucleus of political activity, esp. of a subversive kind (尤指颠覆性的)小政治派别 4 hist.  a small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger one [史义]附属小修道院(或尼姑庵) 5 Biol. 【生】  a  the structural and functional usu. microscopic unit of an organism, consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane 细胞b  an enclosed cavity in an organism etc. 生物体小腔 6 Electr.  a vessel for containing electrodes within an electrolyte for current-generation or electrolysis 【电】电池 □ celled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ cell-like  adj.   [Middle English from Old French celle or from Latin cella ‘storeroom, chamber’]

cellar /ˈselə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a room below ground level in a house, used for storage, esp. of wine or coal 地窖，地下室(尤用于储藏酒或煤等) 2  a stock of wine in a cellar 窖藏的酒  has a good cellar  藏有大量的好酒 ●v. tr.  store or put in a cellar 把…藏入地窖 [Middle English via Anglo-French celer, Old French celier from Late Latin cellarium ‘storehouse’]

cellarage /ˈseləridʒ/ n.  1  cellar accommodation 地下室设施 2  the charge for the use of a cellar or storehouse 窖藏费，地下室租金

cellarer /ˈselərə/ n. hist.  a monastic officer in charge of wine [史义] (修道院中)负责管理酒的人

cellaret /seləˈret/ n. (US also [美亦] cellarette)  a case or sideboard for holding wine bottles in a dining room (餐厅中存放酒瓶的)酒橱，酒柜

cellarman /ˈseləmən/ n.  a man in charge of a wine cellar 酒窖管理员

cell block n.  a block of prison cells (由一组牢房构成的)监狱分区

Cellnet /ˈselnet/ n. propr.  a cellular telephone service [商标]移动电话服务

cello /ˈtʃeləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a bass instrument of the violin family, held upright on the floor between the legs of the seated player 大提琴 □ cellist  n.   [abbreviation of VIOLONCELLO]

cellophane /ˈseləfein/ n. propr.  a thin transparent wrapping material made from viscose [商标]赛璐玢，玻璃纸 [CELLULOSE + -phane (suggested by DIAPHANOUS)]

cellphone /ˈselfəʊn/ n.  a small portable radio-telephone having access to a cellular radio system 移动电话，手持电话

cellular /ˈseljʊlə/ adj.  1  of or having small compartments or cavities 小隔间的，小空腔的 2  of open texture; porous 网眼结构的，多孔的 3 Physiol.  of or consisting of cells 【生理】细胞的，由细胞组成的 4  designating or relating to a mobile telephone system that uses a number of short-range radio stations to cover the area it serves, the signal being automatically switched from one station to another as the user travels about 移动电话系统的 □ cellularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ cellulate  adj.  □ cellulous  adj.   [French cellulaire from modern Latin cellularis: see CELLULE]

cellular blanket n.  a blanket of open texture 网眼毯

cellular phone n. (also 亦作 cellular radio)  a system of mobile radio-telephone transmission with an area divided into ‘cells’ each served by its own small transmitter 移动电话

cellular plant n.  a plant with no distinct stem, leaves, etc. 无维植物(无明显茎叶等的植物)

cellule /ˈselju:l/ n. Biol.  a small cell or cavity 【生】小细胞，小腔 [French cellule or Latin cellula, diminutive of cella CELL]

cellulite /ˈseljʊlait/ n.  a lumpy form of fat, esp. on the hips and thighs of women, causing puckering of the skin (尤指妇女大腿和臀部的)脂肪团 [French (as CELLULE)]

cellulitis /seljʊˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue 蜂窝组织炎

celluloid /ˈseljʊlɔid/ n.  1  a transparent flammable plastic made from camphor and nitrocellulose 赛璐珞，明胶 2  cinema film 影片，电影 [CELLULOSE + -OID]

cellulose /ˈseljʊləʊz, -s/ n.  1 Biochem.  a carbohydrate forming the main constituent of plant cell walls, used in the production of textile fibres 【生化】纤维素 2 (in general use) a paint or lacquer consisting of esp. cellulose acetate or nitrate in solution 纤维素涂料 □ cellulosic  /-ˈləʊsik/ adj.   [French (as CELLULE)]

cellulose acetate n. Chem.  the cellulose ester of acetic acid, widely used as an artificial fibre or plastic 【化】醋酸纤维素(广泛用作人造纤维或塑料)

cell wall n. Biol.  the rigid layer that encloses a plant or bacterial cell 【生】细胞壁

celom US var.  of COELOM [美] COELOM 的变体

Celsius /ˈselsiəs/ adj.  of or denoting a temperature on the Celsius scale (温度)摄氏的 [named after A. Celsius, Swedish astronomer d. 1744]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CENTIGRADE. 见 CENTIGRADE 词条后的用法说明。 

Celsius scale n.  a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions (温度计的)摄氏温标

Celt /kelt, s-/ n.  a member of a group of western European peoples, including the pre-Roman inhabitants of Britain and Gaul and their descendants, esp. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, Brittany, and the Isle of Man 凯尔特人(包括在罗马人之前定居不列颠、高卢的民族及其后裔) [Latin Celtae (pl.) from Greek Keltoi]

celt /selt/ n. Archaeol.  a stone or metal prehistoric implement with a chisel edge 【考古】(史前用石头或金属制作的)斧，石凿 [medieval Latin celtes ‘chisel’]

Celtic /ˈkeltik, ˈs-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Celts 凯尔特人的 ●n.  a group of languages spoken by Celtic peoples, including Gaelic, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton 凯尔特语(包括苏格兰盖尔语、威尔士语、康沃尔人和布列塔尼人说的语言) □ Celticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin celticus (as CELT) or French celtique]

Celtic cross n.  a Latin cross with a circle round the centre 凯尔特式十字架(十字交叉处有一圆环)

Celtic fringe n.  1  the Highland Scots, Irish, Welsh, and Cornish in relation to the rest of Britain 凯尔特外缘(相对于英国其他地区的苏格兰、爱尔兰、威尔士和康沃尔等地居民) 2  the land inhabited by these peoples 凯尔特外缘地区

cembalo /ˈtʃembələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a harpsichord 羽管键琴，拨弦古钢琴 □ cembalist  n.   [abbreviation of CLAVICEMBALO]

cement /siˈment/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or used in concrete (see also 另见 PORTLAND CEMENT) 水泥 2  any similar substance that hardens and fastens on setting 类似水泥的物质，胶结材料，胶接剂 3  a uniting factor or principle 团结的因素(或原则) 4  a substance for filling cavities in teeth (补牙用的)粘固粉 5 (also 亦作 cementum) Anat.  a thin layer of bony material that fixes teeth to the jaw 【解】牙骨质 ●v. tr.  1  a  unite with or as with cement (用水泥或胶接剂)粘结，胶合b  establish or strengthen (a friendship etc.) 建立(友谊等)，巩固(友谊等) 2  apply cement to 抹水泥于… 3  line or cover with cement 填水泥，铺水泥 □ cementer  n.   [Middle English via Old French ciment from Latin caementum ‘quarry stone’, from caedere ‘hew’]

cementation /si:menˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of cementing or being cemented 粘结；胶接 2  the heating of iron with charcoal powder to form steel (铁的)渗碳处理

cement mixer n.  a machine (usu. with a revolving drum) for mixing cement with water 水泥搅拌器

cemetery /ˈsemitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a burial ground, esp. one not in a churchyard (尤指教堂外面的)墓地，公墓 [Late Latin coemeterium from Greek koimētērion ‘dormitory’, from koimaō ‘put to sleep’]

C.Eng. abbr. Brit.  chartered engineer [缩略] [英]特许工程师，注册工程师

cenobite US var.  of COENOBITE [美] COENOBITE 的变体

cenotaph /ˈsenətɑ:f, -tæf/ n.  a tomblike monument, esp. a war memorial, to a dead person whose body is elsewhere (为葬于他地的死者、尤阵亡者所立的)纪念碑 [French cénotaphe from Late Latin cenotaphium, from Greek kenos ‘empty’ + taphos ‘tomb’]

Cenozoic /si:nəˈzəʊik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Cainozoic /kainə-/) Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the most recent era of geological time, marked by the evolution and development of mammals, birds, and flowers 新生代的，新生界的，第三纪的 ●n.  this era (cf. 参见 MESOZOIC, PALAEOZOIC) 新生代，新生界，第三纪 [Greek kainos ‘new’ + zōion ‘animal’]

censer /ˈsensə/ n.  a vessel in which incense is burnt, esp. during a religious procession or ceremony (宗教或典礼仪式时用的)香炉 [Middle English from Anglo-French censer, Old French censier from encens INCENSE1]

censor /ˈsensə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official authorized to examine printed matter, films, news, etc., before public release, and to suppress any parts on the grounds of obscenity, a threat to security, etc. (印刷品、电影、新闻等的)审查员，审查官 2 Rom. Hist.  either of two annual magistrates responsible for holding censuses and empowered to supervise public morals [罗马]【史】监察官(古罗马负责调查户口，监察人民行为的官员) 3 Psychol.  an impulse which is said to prevent certain ideas and memories from emerging into consciousness 【心】潜意识压抑力 ●v. tr.  1  act as a censor of 审查，检察 2  make deletions or changes in 修改；删去 □ censorial  /-ˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ censorship  n.   [Latin from censēre ‘assess’: in sense 3 mistranslation of German Zensur ‘censorship’]■Usage 用法说明 As a verb, censor is often confused with censure ‘to criticize sharply’. 作为动词， censor 经常与 censure 用混，后者表示“严厉责备，谴责”。 

censorious /senˈsɔ:riəs/ adj.  severely critical; fault-finding; quick or eager to criticize 苛刻批评的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的 □ censoriously  adv.  □ censoriousness  n.   [Latin censorius: see CENSOR]

censure /ˈsenʃə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  criticize harshly; reprove 指责，谴责，责备 ●n.  harsh criticism; expression of disapproval 指责，谴责，责备 □ censurable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin censura, from censēre ‘assess’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CENSOR. 见 censor 词条后的用法说明。 

census /ˈsensəs/ n. (pl. censuses)  the official count of a population or of a class of things, often with various statistics noted (官方的)人口普查，人口调查 [Latin from censēre ‘assess’]

cent /sent/ n.  1  a  a monetary unit in various countries, equal to one-hundredth of a dollar or other decimal currency unit 分(美元及其他十进制货币单位的 1/100)b  a coin of this value 一分值硬币 2 colloq.  a very small sum of money [口]一点点钱 3  see 见 PER CENT  [French cent, Italian cento, or Latin centum ‘hundred’]

cent. abbr. [缩略]  century 

centaur /ˈsentɔ:/ n.  a creature in Greek mythology with the head, arms, and torso of a man and the body and legs of a horse (希腊神话中上身为人下身为马的)半人半马怪物 [Middle English via Latin centaurus from Greek kentauros, of unknown origin: the Greek name for a Thessalonian tribe of expert horsemen]

centaury /ˈsentɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any plant of the genus Centaurium, esp. C. erythraea, formerly used in medicine 矢车菊(埃蕾属植物，过去曾入药) [Late Latin centaurea, ultimately from Greek kentauros CENTAUR: from the legend that it was discovered by the centaur Chiron]

centavo /senˈtɑ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small coin of Spain, Portugal, and some Latin American countries, worth one-hundredth of the standard unit 分(一些拉美国家的小硬币，等于 1/100 比索) [Spanish from Latin centum ‘hundred’]

centenarian /sentiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person a hundred or more years old 百岁(或百岁以上的)老人 ●adj.  a hundred or more years old 百岁(或百岁以上)的

centenary /senˈti:nəri, -ˈten-; ˈsentinəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hundredth anniversary 100 周年纪念(日) 2  a celebration of this 100 周年庆祝活动 ●adj.  1  of or relating to a centenary 100 周年的， 100 周年纪念的 2  occurring every hundred years 每 100 年一次的 [Latin centenarius via centeni ‘a hundred each’ from centum ‘a hundred’]

centennial /senˈteniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting for a hundred years 持续百年的 2  occurring every hundred years 每百年一次的 ●n.  = CENTENARYn.  [Latin centum ‘a hundred’, on the pattern of BIENNIAL]

center US var.  of CENTRE [美] CENTRE 的变体

centerboard US var.  of CENTREBOARD [美] CENTREBOARD 的变体

centerfold US var.  of CENTREFOLD [美] CENTREFOLD 的变体

centering US var.  of CENTRING [美] CENTRING 的变体

centesimal /senˈtesim(ə)l/ adj.  reckoning or reckoned by hundredths 百分的；百进位的 □ centesimally  adv.   [Latin centesimus ‘hundredth’ from centum ‘a hundred’]

centi- /ˈsenti/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  one-hundredth, esp. of a unit in the metric system (centigram 厘克 ; centilitre 厘升) 厘，百分之一(尤用于公制计量单位) 2  hundred (abbr. 缩略 : c) 一百 [Latin centum ‘a hundred’]

centigrade /ˈsentiɡreid/ adj.  1  = CELSIUS  2  having a scale of a hundred degrees 百分度的 [French, from Latin centum ‘a hundred’ + gradus ‘step’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, Celsius is usually preferred in technical contexts. 本词的释义 1 在技术性语境中通常用 Celsius 。 

centigram /ˈsentiɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 centigramme)  a metric unit of mass, equal to one-hundredth of a gram 厘克(公制重量单位，等于 1/100 克)

centilitre /ˈsentili:tə/ n. (US [美] centiliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to one-hundredth of a litre 厘升(公制容量单位，等于 1/100 升)

centime /ˈsɒnti:m/ n.  1  a monetary unit in various countries, equal to one-hundredth of a franc or other decimal currency unit 分(等于法郎及其他十进制货币的 1/100) 2  a coin of this value 一分值硬币 [French from Latin centum ‘a hundred’]

centimetre /ˈsentimi:tə/ n. (US [美] centimeter)  a metric unit of length, equal to one-hundredth of a metre 厘米(公制长度单位，等于 1/100 米)

centimetre-gram-second system n.  the system of measurement using the centimetre, the gram, and the second as basic units of length, mass, and time respectively (abbr. 缩略 : cgs) 厘米－克－秒制

centipede /ˈsentipi:d/ n.  a predatory arthropod of the class Chilopoda, with a flattened elongated body of many segments, most bearing a pair of legs 百脚虫，蜈蚣(唇足纲节肢动物，身体扁平细长，由许多节肢组成，每个节肢上有两条腿) [French centipède or Latin centipeda, from centum ‘a hundred’ + pes pedis ‘foot’]

cento /ˈsentəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a composition made up of quotations from other authors 抄袭拼凑而成的文章 [Latin, = patchwork garment]

central /ˈsentr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, at, or forming the centre 中心的；位于中心的；构成中心的 2  from the centre 来自中心的 3  chief, essential, most important 主要的；必要的；最重要的 □ centrality  /-ˈtræliti/ n.  □ centrally  adv.   [French central or Latin centralis, from centrum CENTRE]

Central African Republic   中非共和国

Central America n.  the isthmus joining North and South America 中美洲(指连接南北美洲的地峡) □ Central American  adj.  中美洲的

central bank n.  a national bank issuing currency etc. 中央银行

central heating n.  a method of warming a building by pipes, radiators, etc., fed from a central source of heat 集中采暖(法)，集中供暖(法)

centralism /ˈsentr(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a system that centralizes (esp. an administration) (see also 另见 DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM) 集中制；(尤指政府)中央集权制，中央集权主义 □ centralist  n.  

centralize /ˈsentrəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to a centre 使集于中心；集中 2 tr.  a  concentrate (administration) at a single centre 使集中，使(政府)集权b  subject (a state) to this system 使(国家)置于中央集权制下 □ centralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

central locking n.  a locking system in motor vehicles whereby the locks of several doors can be operated from a single lock (车门)中央锁闭系统

central nervous system n. Anat.  the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body, in vertebrates the brain and spinal cord 【解】中枢神经系统

central processing unit n. (also 亦作 central processor)  the part of a computer in which the control and execution of operations occur (abbr. 缩略 : CPU) 中央处理器，中央处理装置

central reservation  see 见 RESERVATION 5 

Central Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Central Time)  the standard time in a zone including the central states of the US and Canada, six hours behind GMT 中部标准时间(美国和加拿大中部时间，比格林尼治平均时间晚 6 个小时)

centre /ˈsentə/ n. & v. (US [美] center) ●n.  1  the middle point, esp. of a line, circle, or sphere, equidistant from the ends or from any point on the circumference or surface (线段的)中点；(圆、球体的)圆心，中心，中央 2  a pivot or axis of rotation (物体环绕旋转的)中心点，中心轴 3  a  a place or group of buildings forming a central point in a district, city, etc., or a main area for an activity (由建筑群构成的)中心区；活动中心  shopping centre  商业中心，购物中心 town centre  市中心b (with preceding word) a piece or set of equipment for a number of connected functions (与前接词连用)中心，中枢(指具有一系列相关功能的一套设备)  music centre  音乐中心 4  a point of concentration or dispersion; a nucleus or source (集中或疏散的)中心地点；核心；发源地 5  a political party or group holding moderate opinions (观点温和的)中间党派；持中间派意见者 6  the filling in a chocolate etc. (巧克力等的)夹心 7 Sport 【运动】  a  the middle player in a line or group in some field games 中锋b  a kick or hit from the side to the centre of the pitch 传中 8 (in a lathe etc.) a conical adjustable support for the workpiece (车床等固定加工工件用的)顶针，顶尖 9 (作 attrib.)  of or at the centre 中心的，在中央的 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on; disp. [异议] foll. by 后跟 round)  have as its main centre; focus on 集中，使聚于一点 2 tr.  place in the centre 把…置于中央位置 3 tr.  mark with a centre 标明…的中心 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on, etc.)  concentrate or focus (a thing) in, around, etc. 集中(某物)于… 5 tr. Sport  kick or hit (the ball) from the side to the centre of the pitch 【运动】传中 □ centred  adj. (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  □ centremost  adj.  最中心的，正中的□ centric  adj.  □ centrical  adj.  □ centricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French centre or Latin centrum from Greek kentron ‘sharp point, stationary point of a pair of compasses’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb centre in sense 1 ‘to focus on’ with round is common and found among good writers, but it is still considered incorrect by some people because centre designates a specific point. In such cases it is better to use centre on, e.g. The discussion centred on ways of raising money. 动词 centre 释义 1 “集中”后跟 round 的用法很常见，一些名作家也这样使用。但有些人仍认为该用法是错误的，因为 centre 表示一个特定的点。在这种情况下，最好用 centre on ，如 The discussion centred on ways of raising money (讨论内容集中在筹款方法上)。 

centre-back n. Sport  a middle player or position in a back line 【运动】后排中(位队员)；后排中位

centre bit n.  a boring tool with a centre point and side cutters 中心钻；三叉钻头

centreboard /ˈsentəbɔ:d/ n. (US [美] centerboard)  a board for lowering through a boat's keel to prevent leeway 中插板(船底中心防止船漂移的垂直升降板)

centrefold /ˈsentəfəʊld/ n. (US [美] centerfold)  1  a printed and usu. illustrated sheet folded to form the centre spread of a magazine etc. (杂志等)中间跨页，折叠插页 2  a model, usu. naked or scantily clad, pictured on such a spread 跨页版面上的模特照片(通常裸体或穿戴极少)

centre forward n. Sport  the middle player or position in a forward line 【运动】中锋；中锋的位置

centre half n. Sport  the middle player or position in a defensive line 【运动】中前卫；中前卫位置

centreing var.  of CENTRING  CENTRING 的变体

centre line n.  a real or imaginary line through the centre of a thing (真实或想像的)中线，中心线

centre of attention n.  1  a person or thing that draws general attention (指人或事物)注意力的中心 2 Physics  the point to which bodies tend by gravity 【物理学】重心

centre of flotation n.  the centre of gravity in a floating body (漂浮物体的)重心

centre of gravity n.  a point from which the weight of a body or system may be considered to act: in uniform gravity the same as the centre of mass 重心(在均匀重力情况下等于质心，即质量中心)

centre of mass n.  a point representing the mean position of the matter in a body or system 质量中心，质心

centrepiece /ˈsentəpi:s/ n.  1  an ornament for the middle of a table (餐桌中央的)中心装饰 2  a principal item 主要项目

centre spread n.  the two facing middle pages of a newspaper etc. (报刊等的)中间跨页，跨页版面

centre stage n. & adv. ●n.  1  the centre of a stage 舞台中央 2  the centre of attention 注意力的中心 ●adv.  in or into this position 引人注意地

-centric /ˈsentrik/ comb. form  forming adjectives with the sense ‘having a (specified) centre’ (anthropocentric 人类中心说的 ; eccentric 不同圆心的，不正圆的) [构词成分]构成形容词，表示“具有特定中心的” [on the pattern of concentric etc. from Greek kentrikos: see CENTRE]

centrifugal /senˈtrifjʊɡ(ə)l, ˈsentrifju:ɡ(ə)l, sentriˈfju:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  moving or tending to move from a centre (cf. 参见 CENTRIPETAL) 离心的；倾向于分散的 □ centrifugally  adv.   [modern Latin centrifugus, from Latin centrum ‘centre’ + fugere ‘flee’]

centrifugal force n.  an apparent force that acts outwards on a body moving about a centre, caused by the body's inertia 离心力

centrifuge /ˈsentrifju:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a machine with a rapidly rotating container designed to apply centrifugal force to its contents, usu. to separate liquids from solids, or fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) 离心机(通常用来从固体中分离液体或不同浓度的液体，如从牛奶中分离出奶油) ●v. tr.  1  subject to the action of a centrifuge 使受离心作用 2  separate by centrifuge 用离心机分离 □ centrifugation  /-fjʊˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

centring /ˈsentriŋ/ n. (also 亦作 centreing /ˈsent(ə)riŋ/, US [美] centering /ˈsent(ə)riŋ/)  a temporary frame used to support an arch, dome, etc., while under construction 拱鹰架(圆拱或穹顶修筑时的临时支架)

centriole /ˈsentriəʊl/ n. Biol.  a minute organelle, usu. within a centrosome, involved esp. in the development of spindles in cell division 【生】中心粒(通常在中心体内，在细胞分裂过程中参与生成纺锤体) [medieval Latin centriolum, diminutive of centrum ‘centre’]

centripetal /senˈtripit(ə)l, ˈsentripi:t(ə)l, sentriˈpi:t(ə)l/ adj.  moving or tending to move towards a centre (cf. 参见 CENTRIFUGAL) 向心的；倾向于集中的 □ centripetally  adv.   [modern Latin centripetus, from Latin centrum ‘centre’ + petere ‘seek’]

centripetal force n.  a force acting on a moving body in the direction of the centre about which it is moving 向心力

centrist /ˈsentrist/ n. Polit. often derog.  a person who holds moderate views 【政】[常贬]温和主义者，中间派 □ centrism  n.  

centromere /ˈsentrəmiə/ n. Biol.  the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to the spindle during cell division 【生】着丝点，着丝粒(细胞分裂时中心粒附着于纺锤体的位置) [Latin centrum ‘centre’ + Greek meros ‘part’]

centrosome /ˈsentrəsəʊm/ n. Biol.  a distinct part of the cytoplasm in a cell, usu. near the nucleus, that contains the centriole 【生】中心体(细胞中通常靠近细胞核，含有中心粒的细胞质部分) [German Centrosoma, from Latin centrum ‘centre’ + Greek sōma ‘body’]

centuple /ˈsentjʊp(ə)l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  a hundredfold amount 百倍 ●adj.  increased a hundredfold (增加)百倍的 ●v. tr.  multiply by a hundred; increase a hundredfold 使乘以百；使增至百倍 [French centuple or ecclesiastical Latin centuplus, centuplex, from Latin centum ‘hundred’]

centurion /senˈtjʊəriən/ n.  the commander of a century in the ancient Roman army (古罗马军团中)百人队队长，百夫长 [Middle English from Latin centurio -onis (as CENTURY)]

century /ˈsentʃʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a period of one hundred years 百年b  any of the centuries reckoned from the birth of Christ 世纪  twentieth century  = 1901 － 2000 20 世纪 fifth century  BC = 500 － 401 BC 公元前 5 世纪 2  a  a score etc. of a hundred in a sporting event, esp. a hundred runs by one batsman in cricket 100 分(体育运动得分，尤指板球击球手的得分)b  a group of a hundred things 100 个物品 3  a  a company in the ancient Roman army, originally of 100 men (古罗马军队的)百人队b  an ancient Roman political division for voting (古罗马的选举分区)百人团 [Latin centuria from centum ‘hundred’]■Usage 用法说明 Strictly speaking, since the first century ran from the year 1 － 100, the first year of a given century should be that ending in 01. However, in popular use this has been moved back a year, and so the twenty-first century will commonly be regarded as running from 2000 － 2099. 严格地说，由于公元 1 世纪是从公元 1 年至公元 100 年，某个世纪的第一年应该是以 01 为尾数的年份。然而，在人们普遍的使用中，每个世纪的第一年向后移了一年。所以 21 世纪通常被认为是公元 2000 至 2099 年。 

century plant n.  the American aloe, Agave americana (see 见 ALOE 3) 龙舌兰，世纪树，番麻(龙舌兰科植物)

cep /sep/ n.  an edible mushroom, Boletus edulis, with a stout stalk, a smooth brown cap, and pores rather than gills 牛肝蕈(一种食用蘑菇，菌杆粗壮，帽状菌顶光滑呈褐色，有细孔但无菌褶) [French cèpe via Gascon cep from Latin cippus ‘stake’]

cephalic /siˈfælik, ke-/ adj.  of or in the head 头部的，在头中的 [French céphalique via Latin cephalicus from Greek kephalikos, from kephalē ‘head’]

-cephalic /siˈfælik, ke-/ comb. form [构词成分]  = -CEPHALOUS 

cephalic index n. Anthropol.  a number expressing the ratio of a head's greatest breadth and length 【人】颅指数

cephalopod /ˈsef(ə)ləpɒd, ˈke-/ n.  a marine mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, having a distinct head with large eyes and a ring of tentacles around a beaked mouth, including the octopus, squid, and cuttlefish 头足动物(属海洋软体动物门，包括章鱼、鱿鱼和乌贼) [Greek kephalē ‘head’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

cephalothorax /sef(ə)ləʊˈθɔ:ræks, ke-/ n. (pl. -thoraces /-rəsi:z/ or -thoraxes) Anat.  the fused head and thorax of a spider, crab, or other arthropod 【解】头胸部(蜘蛛、蟹及其他节足动物头胸合一的部分)

-cephalous /ˈsef(ə)ləs, ˈkef-/ comb. form  -headed (brachycephalous 圆头型的 ; dolichocephalous 长头型的) [构词成分]有…头的 [Greek kephalē ‘head’]

cepheid /ˈsi:fiid, ˈse-/ n. (in full 全称 cepheid variable) Astron.  a variable star having a regular cycle of brightness with a frequency related to its luminosity, so allowing estimation of its distance 【天】造父变星 [from the name of the variable star Delta Cephei, which typifies this class of stars]

ceramic /siˈræmik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  made of (esp.) clay and permanently hardened by heat 陶制的  a ceramic bowl  瓷碗 2  of or relating to ceramics 陶瓷的，制陶艺术的  the ceramic arts  陶瓷艺术 ●n.  1  a ceramic article or product 陶器，陶瓷制品 2  a substance, esp. clay, used to make ceramic articles 陶瓷材料(尤指黏土) [Greek keramikos from keramos ‘pottery’]

ceramicist /siˈræmisist/ n.  a person who makes ceramics 陶器制造者，陶瓷艺术家

ceramics /siˈræmiks/ n. pl.  1  ceramic products collectively 陶器，陶瓷制品  exhibition of ceramics  陶瓷制品展览 2 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the art of making ceramic articles 制陶艺术，制陶工艺

cerastes /siˈræsti:z/ n.  a N. African viper of the genus Cerastes, esp. C. cerastes, which has a sharp upright spike over each eye 角蝰，蝰蛇(眼镜蛇科毒蛇，每只眼睛上方有一直立的骨状突出物，产于北非) [Latin, from Greek kerastēs from keras ‘horn’]

cerastium /siˈræstiəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Cerastium (pink family), with white flowers and often horn-shaped capsules 卷耳(卷耳属植物，开白花，结角状蒴果) [modern Latin, from Greek kerastes ‘horned’ from keras ‘horn’]

cercaria /sɜ:ˈkɛəriə/ n. (pl. -iae /-ii:/) Zool. & Med.  a free-swimming larval stage in which a parasitic fluke passes from an intermediate host (often a snail) to another intermediate host or to the final vertebrate host 【动】【医】摇尾幼虫，尾蚴(指一些昆虫在水中自由浮游的幼虫期。在此期间内，寄生吸虫从一个中间宿主(如蜗牛)传到另一个中间宿主，或者进入最终的脊椎动物宿主) [modern Latin, formed irregularly from Greek kerkos ‘tail’]

cercus /ˈsɜ:kəs/ n. (pl. cerci /-kai/) Zool.  either of a pair of small appendages at the end of the abdomen of some insects and other arthropods 【动】尾须，尾铗，尾毛(一些昆虫及其他节足动物腹部末端的一对小附属物) [modern Latin, from Greek kerkos ‘tail’]

cere /siə/ n.  a waxy fleshy covering at the base of the upper beak in some birds (一些鸟喙基部的)蜡膜 [Latin cera ‘wax’]

cereal /ˈsiəriəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  any kind of grain used for food (任何种类的)谷物b  any grass producing this, e.g. wheat, maize, rye, etc. 谷类植物(如小麦、玉米、黑麦等) 2  a breakfast food made from a cereal and requiring no cooking 谷类早餐食品 ●adj.  of or relating to edible grain or products of it 谷物的；用谷物制成的 [Latin cerealis from Ceres, the name of the goddess of agriculture]

cerebellum /seriˈbeləm/ n. (pl. cerebellums or cerebella /-lə/)  the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity 小脑(位于脊椎动物脑壳后部，其功能是协调肌肉的活动) □ cerebellar  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of CEREBRUM]

cerebral /ˈseribr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the brain 脑的，大脑的 2  intellectual rather than emotional 理智的(非感情的) 3 Phonet. 【语音】  = RETROFLEX 2  □ cerebrally  adv.   [Latin cerebrum ‘brain’]

cerebral hemisphere n.  each of the two halves of the vertebrate cerebrum 大脑半球

cerebral palsy n.  a condition marked by weakness and impaired coordination of the limbs, esp. caused by damage to the brain before or at birth (尤指因在妊娠期或出生时受伤造成的)大脑性麻痹

cerebration /seriˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  working of the brain 大脑作用，大脑功能活动，思考 □ cerebrate  /ˈseribreit/ v. intr.  

cerebro- /ˈseribrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  brain (cerebrospinal 脑脊髓) 大脑 [Latin cerebrum ‘brain’]

cerebrospinal /ˌseribrəʊˈspain(ə)l/ adj.  of the brain and spine 脑脊髓的

cerebrospinal fluid n. Anat.  a clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater 【解】脑脊(髓)液

cerebrovascular /ˌseribrəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ adj.  of the brain and its blood vessels 脑血管的

cerebrum /ˈseribrəm/ n. (pl. cerebra /-brə/)  the principal part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull, which integrates complex sensory and neural functions 大脑；前脑和中脑(脊椎动物大脑的主体部分，位于脑壳的前部) [Latin, = brain]

cerecloth /ˈsiəklɒθ/ n. hist.  waxed cloth used as a waterproof covering or (esp.) as a shroud [史义]蜡布(用作防水罩盖或尤用作裹尸布) [earlier cered cloth from cere ‘to wax’, via Latin cerare from cera ‘wax’]

cerement /ˈsiəm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) literary [文学用语]  1  cerecloth for wrapping the dead 裹尸布 2  burial clothes 寿衣 [first used by Shakespeare in Hamlet (1602): apparently from CERECLOTH]

ceremonial /seriˈməʊniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  with or concerning ritual or ceremony 礼节的，礼仪的，仪式的 2  formal 正式的  a ceremonial bow  拘于礼俗的鞠躬 ●n.  1  a system of rites etc. to be used esp. at a formal or religious occasion (尤指正式或宗教场合的)礼仪，仪式 2  the formalities or behaviour proper to any occasion (适合于任何场合的)礼节，礼俗  with all due ceremonial  以所有适当的礼俗 3 RC Ch.  a book containing an order of ritual 【天主教】仪式程序册 □ ceremonialism  n.  □ ceremonialist  n.  □ ceremonially  adv.   [Late Latin caerimonialis (as CEREMONY)]

ceremonious /seriˈməʊniəs/ adj.  1  = CEREMONIALadj.  2  full of ceremony; accompanied by rites 讲究礼仪的；伴有礼拜仪式的 3  having or showing a fondness for ritualistic observance or formality; punctilious 拘礼的；拘谨的 □ ceremoniously  adv.  □ ceremoniousness  n.   [French cérémonieux or Late Latin caerimoniosus (as CEREMONY)]

ceremony /ˈseriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a formal religious or public occasion, esp. celebrating a particular event or anniversary (尤指正式的宗教或公开)典礼；仪式 2  formalities, esp. of an empty or ritualistic kind (尤指例行的)繁文缛节  ceremony of exchanging compliments  互致问候的客套 3  excessively polite behaviour 虚礼  bowed low with great ceremony  虚礼地深鞠躬 □ stand on ceremony   insist on the observance of formalities 讲究礼节，拘礼□ without ceremony   informally 不拘礼节的，非正式的 [Middle English from Old French ceremonie or Latin caerimonia ‘religious worship’]

Cerenkov radiation /tʃəˈreŋkɒf reidiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Cherenkov)  the electromagnetic radiation emitted by particles moving in a medium at speeds faster than that of light in the same medium 切伦科夫辐射(粒子在某种介质中传播，当其速度超过光在同种介质的传播速度时，就会产生这种电磁辐射) [named after P.A. Cherenkov, Russian physicist d. 1990]

ceresin /ˈserisin/ n.  a hard whitish wax used with or instead of beeswax 地蜡(一种硬质白蜡，与蜂蜡混合使用或代替蜂蜡) [modern Latin ceres, from Latin cera ‘wax’ + -IN]

cerise /seˈri:z, -s/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a light clear red colour 鲜红色的 ●n.  this colour 鲜红色 [French, = CHERRY]

cerium /ˈsiəriəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series occurring naturally in various minerals and used in the manufacture of lighter flints (symbol 符 Ce) 【化】(化学元素)铈 [named after the asteroid Ceres, discovered (1801) about the same time as this]

cermet /ˈsɜ:met/ n.  a heat-resistant material made of ceramic and sintered metal 金属陶瓷，合金陶瓷(一种用陶瓷和熔结金属制成的耐高温材料) [ceramic + metal]

CERN /sɜ:n/ abbr.  European Organization for Nuclear Research [缩略]欧洲原子核研究组织 [French Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, its former title]

cero- /ˈsiərəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  wax (cf. 参见 CEROGRAPHY, CEROPLASTIC) 蜡 [Latin cera or Greek kēros ‘wax’]

cerography /siəˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  the technique of engraving or designing on or with wax 蜡雕刻技术；蜡画术

ceroplastic /siərəʊˈplæstik/ adj.  1  modelled in wax 用蜡塑的 2  of or concerning wax-modelling 蜡塑的，蜡塑技术的

cert /sɜ:t/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] (esp. 尤作 dead cert)  1  an event or result regarded as certain to happen 必然结果，肯定发生的事 2  a horse strongly tipped to win 预测能赢的赛马 [abbreviation of CERTAIN, CERTAINTY]

cert. abbr. [缩略]  1  a certificate  2  certified 

certain /ˈsɜ:t(ə)n, -tin/ adj. & pron. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or 或 that + clause)  confident, convinced 确信的，有把握的  certain that I put it here  我肯定把它放在这儿了b (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  indisputable; known for sure 无可争议的，肯定的  it is certain that he is guilty  他有罪，这是无可争议的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  that may be relied on to happen 肯定会发生的  it is certain to rain  肯定会下雨b  destined 注定的，预定的  certain to become a star  注定会成为明星 3  definite, unfailing, reliable 确切的，明确的，可靠的  a certain indication of the coming storm  暴风雨来临的明显迹象 his touch is certain  他弹钢琴的指触很准确 4 (of a person, place, etc.) that might be specified, but is not (人、地点等)某，某个，一定的  a certain lady  某位女士 of a certain age  一定年龄的 5  some though not much 有些，有点儿  a certain reluctance  有点儿不情愿 6 (of a person, place, etc.) existing, though probably unknown to the reader or hearer (指读者或听者可能不知道的人、地方等)有一个  a certain John Smith  一个名叫约翰·史密斯的人 ●pron. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  some but not all 某些，某几个  certain of them were wounded  他们当中有些人受了伤 □ for certain   without doubt 肯定地，无疑地□ make certain   = make sure (see 见 SURE)  [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin certus ‘settled’]

certainly /ˈsɜ:t(ə)nli, -tin-/ adv.  1  undoubtedly, definitely 无疑地，一定，必定 2  confidently 有把握地，确信地 3 (in affirmative answer to a question or command) yes; by all means (用于肯定答复)当然，行

certainty /ˈsɜ:t(ə)nti, -tin-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an undoubted fact 肯定无疑的事实b  a certain prospect 必然发生的事  his return is a certainty  他的归来是必然的事 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or 或 that + clause)  an absolute conviction 确信，深信  has a certainty of his own worth  确信自身的价值 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a thing or person that may be relied on 肯定的事；可靠的人  a certainty to win the Derby  肯定会在德比马赛中获胜的马 □ for a certainty   beyond the possibility of doubt 确定无疑地 [Middle English from Anglo-French certainté, Old French certaineté (as CERTAIN)]

Cert. Ed. abbr. (in the UK) Certificate in Education [缩略] (英国)教育学证书

certifiable /ˈsɜ:tifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able or needing to be certified 可证明的；需要证明的 2 colloq.  insane [口]精神失常的

certificate n. & v. ●n. /səˈtifikət/  a formal document attesting a fact, esp. birth, marriage, or death, a medical condition, a level of achievement, a fulfilment of requirements, ownership of shares, etc. (尤指出生、婚姻、死亡、身体状况、资格等的)证明；证书；执照 ●v. tr. /səˈtifikeit/ (esp. as 尤作 certificated adj.)  provide with or license or attest by a certificate 发证书给…；用证书批准(或证明) □ certification  /sɜ:tifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French certificat or medieval Latin certificatum, from certificare: see CERTIFY]

Certificate of Secondary Education n. hist. [史义]  1  an examination set for secondary-school pupils in England and Wales, replaced in 1988 by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) (英格兰和威尔士)中学生毕业考试 (1988 年被“普通中等教育证书考试”所取代) 2  the certificate gained by passing it 中学生毕业证书

certified cheque n.  a cheque the validity of which is guaranteed by a bank 保付支票

certified mail n. N. Amer. [北美]  = RECORDED DELIVERY 

certified milk n. hist.  milk guaranteed free from the tuberculosis bacillus [史义]合格牛奶，给证牛奶

certify /ˈsɜ:tifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make a formal statement of; attest; attest to 证明，证实  certified that he had witnessed the crime  证明他目击了犯罪过程 2  declare by certificate (that a person is qualified or competent) 用证书证明(某人合格或胜任)  certified as a trained bookkeeper  有证书证明为受过训练的记账员 3  officially declare insane 正式证明(精神失常)  he should be certified  他的精神失常应该有诊断证明 [Middle English via Old French certifier and medieval Latin certificare from Latin certus ‘certain’]

certiorari /sɜ:tiəˈrɛərai, -ˈrɑ:ri/ n. Law  a writ from a higher court requesting the records of a case tried in a lower court 【法律】(上级法院向下级法院发出的)调取案卷的令状 [Late Latin, passive of certiorare ‘inform’, from certior, comparative of certus ‘certain’]

certitude /ˈsɜ:titju:d/ n.  a feeling of absolute certainty or conviction 确信，深信 [Middle English from Late Latin certitudo, from certus ‘certain’]

cerulean /siˈru:liən/ adj. & n. literary [文学用语] ●adj.  deep blue like a clear sky 天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 ●n.  this colour 天蓝色，蔚蓝色 [Latin caeruleus ‘sky blue’ from caelum ‘sky’]

cerumen /siˈru:mən/ n.  the yellow waxy substance in the outer ear 耳垢，耳屎 □ ceruminous  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin cera ‘wax’]

ceruse /ˈsiəru:s, siˈru:s/ n.  white lead, used in ointments and (formerly) cosmetics 白铅，碳酸铅白(用于软膏，曾用于化妆品) [Middle English via Old French from Latin cerussa, perhaps from Greek kēros ‘wax’]

cervelat /ˈsɜ:vəlɑ:, -læt/ n.  a kind of smoked pork sausage 熏(猪肉)香肠 [obsolete French, from Italian cervellata]

cervical /ˈsɜ:vik(ə)l, sɜ:ˈvaik(ə)l/ adj. Anat. 【解】  1  of or relating to the neck 颈的  cervical vertebrae  颈椎骨 2  of or relating to the cervix 子宫颈的 [French cervical or modern Latin cervicalis, from Latin cervix-icis ‘neck’]

cervical screening n.  examination of a large number of apparently healthy women for cervical cancer 子宫颈癌筛查

cervical smear n. esp. Brit.  a specimen of cellular material from the neck of the womb spread on a microscope slide for examination for cancerous cells [尤英]子宫颈涂片(从子宫颈上取下的细胞抽样，涂在显微镜载物玻璃片上以查找癌细胞)

cervine /ˈsɜ:vain/ adj.  of or like a deer 鹿的，像鹿的 [Latin cervinus from cervus ‘deer’]

cervix /ˈsɜ:viks/ n. (pl. cervices /-si:z/) Anat. 【解】  1  the neck 颈 2  any necklike structure, esp. the neck of the womb 颈状物(尤指子宫颈) [Latin]

Cesarean (also 亦作 Cesarian) US Med. var.  of CAESAREAN [美]【医】 CAESAREAN 的变体

Cesarewitch /siˈzærəwitʃ/ n.  a horse race run annually at Newmarket, England (每年在英格兰的纽马克特举行的)长距离赛马 [Russian tsesarevich ‘heir to the throne’: named in honour of the Russian prince (later Alexander II) who attended the inaugural race (1839)]

cesium US var.  of CAESIUM [美] CAESIUM 的变体

cess1 /ses/ n. (also 亦作 sess) (in Scotland, Ireland, and India) a tax; a levy (苏格兰、爱尔兰和印度)税，捐；税款 [properly sess for obsolete noun assess: see ASSESS]

cess2 /ses/ n. Ir. [爱尔兰]   □ bad cess to   may evil befall 但愿…倒霉  bad cess to their clan  但愿他们家族倒霉 [perhaps from CESS1]

cessation /seˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a ceasing 停止，休止  cessation of the truce  停战结束 2  a pause 中止  resumed fighting after the cessation  休战后重新开战 [Middle English from Latin cessatio, from cessare CEASE]

cesser /ˈsesə/ n. Law  a coming to an end; a cessation (of a term, a liability, etc.) 【法律】(期限、责任等)终止；结束 [Anglo-French & Old French, = CEASE]

cession /ˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the ceding or giving up (of rights, property, and esp. of territory by a state) (财产、权利等)转让，放弃；(尤指领土等)割让 2  the territory etc. so ceded 割让地；转让的财产 [Middle English via Old French cession or Latin cessio from cedere cess- ‘go away’]

cessionary /ˈseʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Law 【法律】  = ASSIGNn. 

cesspit /ˈsespit/ n.  1  a pit for the disposal of refuse 垃圾坑；粪坑 2  = CESSPOOL  [cess in CESSPOOL + PIT1]

cesspool /ˈsespu:l/ n.  1  an underground container for the temporary storage of liquid waste or sewage (临时)污水池；化粪池 2  a centre of corruption, depravity, etc. 污秽的场所；腐化堕落的场所 [perhaps alteration, influenced by POOL1, of earlier cesperalle, from suspiral ‘vent, water pipe, settling tank’, via Old French souspirail ‘air-hole’ from Latin suspirare ‘breathe, sigh’ (as SUB-, spirare ‘breathe’)]

cestode /ˈsestəʊd/ n. (also 亦作 cestoid /ˈsestɔid/)  a flatworm of the class Cestoda, which comprises tapeworms 绦虫(绦虫纲肠道寄生虫) [Latin cestus from Greek kestos ‘girdle’]

CET abbr.  Central European Time [缩略]欧洲中部时间

cetacean /siˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine mammal of the order Cetacea with streamlined hairless body and dorsal blowhole for breathing, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises 鲸目动物(身体为流线型的海洋哺乳动物，包括鲸、海豚及鼠海豚) ●adj.  of cetaceans 鲸目的，鲸目动物的 □ cetaceous  adj.   [modern Latin Cetacea via Latin cetus from Greek kētos ‘whale’]

cetane /ˈsi:tein/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series used in standardizing ratings of diesel fuel 【化】十六烷，鲸蜡烷(用于确定柴油燃料等级) [from spermacet i (from which it was derived) on the pattern of methane etc.]

cetane number n.  a measure of the ignition properties of diesel fuel 十六烷值(用于柴油燃料燃烧性能测定)

ceteris paribus /ˌkeitəris ˈpæribʊs, ˌset-, ˌsi:t-/ adv.  other things being equal 假如其余情况相同 [Latin]

Ceylon /siˈlɒn/ n.  锡兰 (Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡的旧称) [亚洲国家]

Ceylon moss /siˈlɒn/ n.  a red seaweed, Gracilaria lichenoides, of the Indian subcontinent, the main source of agar 红藻(一种江蓠属红色海藻，产于印度次大陆，是琼脂的主要原料) [Ceylon, a former name of Sri Lanka]

Ceylon satinwood  see 见 SATINWOOD 1a 

CF abbr. Brit.  Chaplain to the Forces [缩略] [英]随军牧师

Cf symb. Chem.  the element californium [符]【化】(化学元素)锎

c.f. abbr.  carried forward [缩略]转下页，过次页

cf. abbr.  compare [缩略]试比较，参见 [Latin confer, imperative of conferre ‘compare’]

CFC abbr. Chem.  chlorofluorocarbon, any of a class of usu. gaseous compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, used in refrigerants, aerosol propellants, etc., and harmful to the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine on exposure to solar ultraviolet [缩略]【化】含氯氟烃(由碳、氢、氯及氟构成的气体化合物，用于冷冻剂、火箭燃料等。由于暴露于太阳紫外线时会释放出氯气，故对大气臭氧层具有破坏作用)

CFE abbr. Brit.  College of Further Education [缩略] (英国)进修学院

cg abbr. [缩略]  centigram(s) 

CGS abbr. Brit.  Chief of General Staff [缩略] [英]总参谋长

cgs abbr. [缩略]  centimetre-gram-second 

CH abbr. (in the UK) Companion of Honour [缩略] (英国)荣誉勋爵士

ch. abbr. [缩略]  1  church  2  chapter  3  chestnut 

cha var.  of CHAR3  CHAR3 的变体

Chablis /ˈʃæbli:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-liz/)  a dry white burgundy wine 夏布利干白葡萄酒 [Chablis in E. France, where it is produced]

cha-cha /ˈtʃɑ:tʃɑ:/ n. & v. (also 亦作 cha-cha-cha /tʃɑ:tʃɑ:ˈtʃɑ:/) ●n.  1  a ballroom dance with a Latin American rhythm 恰恰舞(一种节奏明快的交际舞，源自拉丁美洲) 2  music for or in the rhythm of a cha-cha 恰恰舞音乐 ●v. intr. (cha-chas, cha-chaed /-tʃɑ:d/ or cha-cha'd, cha-chaing /-tʃɑ:(r)iŋ/)  dance the cha-cha 跳恰恰舞 [Latin American Spanish]

chaconne /ʃəˈkɒn/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a  a musical form consisting of variations on a ground bass (由基础低音演变而来的)恰空舞曲b  a musical composition in this style 恰空舞曲 2 hist.  a dance performed to this music [史义]恰空舞 [French, from Spanish chacona]

Chad   乍得

Chadian /tʃædiən/ adj. & n.  乍得的(人)

chador /ˈtʃɑ:dɔ:, ˈtʃɑ:də, ˈtʃʌdə/ n. (also 亦作 chadar, chuddar)  a large piece of cloth worn in some countries by Muslim women, wrapped around the body to leave only the face exposed (穆斯林妇女裹在身上的)方披巾，披风 [Urdu, from Persian čɑˉdar ‘sheet, veil’]

chaetognath /ˈki:tənæθ/ n.  any dart-shaped worm of the phylum Chaetognatha, usu. living among marine plankton, and having a head with external grasping spines Also called 亦称作 arrow worm 毛颚类动物(毛颚动物门蠕虫，体形似飞镖，生活于海洋浮游生物中间，头上有一些抓东西用的棘状突起) [modern Latin Chaetognatha, from Greek khaitē ‘long hair’ + gnathos ‘jaw’]

chafe /tʃeif/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become sore or damaged by rubbing 擦痛；擦伤；擦破 2 tr.  rub (esp. the skin to restore warmth or sensation) 搓，摩擦(皮肤以生热或恢复知觉) 3 tr. & intr.  make or become annoyed; fret 使烦躁；使生气  was chafed by the delay  因耽搁而烦躁 ●n.  1  a  an act of chafing 搓，擦；摩擦b  a sore resulting from this (因搓、擦而产生的)痛处 2  a state of annoyance 烦躁，生气 [Middle English from Old French chaufer ‘make hot’, ultimately from Latin calefacere from calēre ‘be hot’ + facere ‘make’]

chafer /ˈtʃeifə/ n.  any of various large slow-moving strong-flying beetles of the family Scarabaeidae, e.g. the cockchafer 金龟子(金龟子科甲虫，如金龟) [Old English ceafor, cefer, from Germanic]

chaff /tʃɑ:f, tʃæf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing 谷壳，糠 2  chopped hay and straw used as fodder (铡碎作饲料的)干草(或稻草)；草料 3  light-hearted joking; banter 逗弄；取笑 4  worthless things; rubbish 无价值的东西；废物 5  strips of metal foil released in the atmosphere to obstruct radar detection (用于干扰雷达的)金属箔片 ●v. tr.  1  tease; banter 逗弄，取笑 2  chop (straw etc.) 铡(稻草等) □ separate the wheat from the chaff   distinguish good from bad 分清好坏□ chaffy  adj.   [Old English ceaf, cœf, probably from Germanic: sense 3 of the noun & 1 of the verb perhaps from CHAFE]

chaff-cutter n.  a machine for chopping fodder 铡草机

chaffer /ˈtʃæfə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  haggle; bargain 争论；讨价还价，讲价钱 ●n.  bargaining; haggling 讨价还价，讲价钱；争论 □ chafferer  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘traffic, trade’, from Old English ceapfaru from ceap ‘bargain’ + faru ‘journey’]

chaffinch /ˈtʃæfin(t)ʃ/ n.  a common European finch, Fringilla coelebs, the male of which has a blue-grey head with pinkish cheeks and breast 苍头燕雀(一种普通的欧洲雀科鸣禽，雄雀头部为蓝灰色，面颊和胸部为粉红色) [Old English ceaffinc ‘chaff finch’: from its foraging around barns etc.]

chafing dish /ˈtʃeifiŋ/ n.  1  a cooking pot with an outer pan of hot water, used for keeping food warm (食物保温用的)暖锅，火锅 2  a dish with a spirit lamp etc. for cooking at table (餐桌上烹调用的)轻便炉 [obsolete sense of CHAFE = warm]

Chagas' disease /ˈtʃɑ:ɡəs/ n. (also 亦作 Chagas's disease)  a disease caused by trypanosomes transmitted by bloodsucking bugs, endemic in S. America and causing damage to the heart and central nervous system 查加斯氏病，南美洲锥虫病(以巴西内科医生查加斯的名字命名) [named after C. Chagas, Brazilian physician d. 1934, who first described it]

chagrin /ˈʃæɡrin/ n. & v. ●n.  acute vexation or mortification 烦恼，苦恼；屈辱；悔恨 ●v. tr.  affect with chagrin 使懊恼；使苦恼；使屈辱 [French chagrin(er), of uncertain origin]

chain /tʃein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a connected flexible series of esp. metal links as decoration or for a practical purpose (尤指装饰或有实际用途的金属)链子，链条b  something resembling this 类似链条的东西  formed a human chain  组成了一道人墙 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  fetters used to confine prisoners 锁链，镣铐b  any restraining force 枷锁；束缚 3  a sequence, series, or set 一系列，一连串，一套  chain of events  一连串的事件 mountain chain  山脉 4  a group of associated hotels, shops, etc. (相关的旅馆、商店等)联号，连锁店 5  a badge of office in the form of a chain worn round the neck (作为官职标识的)项圈  mayoral chain  市长项圈 6  a  a jointed measuring-line consisting of linked metal rods 测链b  its length (66 ft) 测链长度(等于 66 英尺) 7 Chem.  a group of (esp. carbon) atoms bonded in sequence in a molecule 【化】(分子中原子有序排列的)链 8  a figure in a quadrille or similar dance 方阵舞(或类似舞蹈中的)舞步 9 (in pl. 用复数) Naut.  channels (see 见 CHANNEL2) 【海】舷侧支索扣板，舷外桅支索承板 10 (also 亦作 chain-shot) hist.  two cannon balls or half balls joined by a chain and used in sea battles for bringing down a mast etc. [史义]链弹(古时海战用的一种炮弹，两个铁弹用短链连接在一起) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  secure or confine with a chain 用链条拴住；用链子束缚 2  confine or restrict (a person) 束缚；限制(某人)  is chained to the office  公务缠身 [Middle English via Old French cha(e)ine from Latin catena]

chain armour n.  = CHAIN MAIL 

chain bridge n.  a suspension bridge on chains 链索桥，链式悬桥

chain drive n.  a system of transmission by endless chains 链传动，链传动系统

chain gang n.  a team of convicts chained together and forced to work in the open air (用锁链拴在一起在户外劳动的)囚犯队

chain gear n.  a gear transmitting motion by means of an endless chain 链轮，链传动装置

chain letter n.  one of a sequence of letters, each recipient in the sequence being requested to send copies to a specific number of other people 连锁信(要求收信人看过信后复写一定的份数，再分寄给其他人，以此来不断持续扩大收信人范围)

chain link adj.  made of wire in a diamond-shaped mesh 用钢丝编成网眼状的  chain link fencing  钢丝网眼栅栏

chain mail n.  armour made of interlaced rings 锁子甲

chain reaction n.  1 Physics  a self-sustaining nuclear reaction, esp. one in which a neutron from a fission reaction initiates a series of these reactions 【物理学】链式(核)反应 2 Chem.  a self-sustaining molecular reaction in which intermediate products initiate further reactions 【化】连锁反应 3  a series of events, each caused by the previous one 连锁反应的(一系列)事件

chainsaw /ˈtʃeinsɔ:/ n.  a motor-driven saw with teeth on an endless chain 链锯

chain-smoker n.  a person who smokes continually, esp. one who lights a cigarette etc. from the stub of the last one smoked 烟卷不离口者，一支接一支吸烟者 □ chain-smoke  v. tr. & intr.  接连不断地吸，一支接一支地吸

chain stitch n.  an ornamental embroidery or crochet stitch resembling chains (装饰性刺绣或钩针编织)链状线圈，绞花组织

chain store n.  one of a series of shops owned by one firm and selling the same sort of goods 连锁商店，联号商店(同一公司下属的一系列销售同类商品的商店)

chain-wale n.  = CHANNEL2 

chain wheel n.  a wheel transmitting power by a chain fitted to its edges 链轮(如自行车链轮)

chair /tʃɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a separate seat for one person, of various forms, usu. having a back and four legs 椅子 2  a  a professorship 教授职位  offered the chair in physics  被聘为物理学教授b  a seat of authority, esp. on a board of directors 显要职位(尤指董事长职位)c Brit.  a mayoralty [英]市长职位 3  a  a chairperson (会议)主持人，主席b  the seat or office of a chairperson 主席席位(或职位)  will you take the chair?  请你在主席台就座 I'm in the chair  开会时我当主席 4 US [美]  = ELECTRIC CHAIR  5 esp. Brit.  an iron or steel socket holding a railway rail in place [尤英] (铁路)轨座 6 hist. [史义]  = sedan chair (see 见 SEDAN 1)  ●v. tr.  1  act as chairperson of or preside over (a meeting) 担任(会议)主席 2 Brit.  carry (a person) aloft in a chair or in a sitting position, in triumph [英] (用椅子)把(获胜者)高高举起 3  install in a chair, esp. as a position of authority 使就任要职 □ take a chair   sit down 坐下 [Middle English via Anglo-French chaere, Old French chaiere from Latin cathedra, from Greek kathedra ‘seat’]

chair-bed n.  a chair that unfolds into a bed 坐卧两用的折椅

chair-borne adj. colloq. (of an administrator) not active [口] (指行政官员)不搞实际工作而坐办公室的

chair-car n.  a railway carriage with chairs instead of long seats 有座椅的铁路客车

chairlady /ˈtʃɛəleidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  = CHAIRWOMAN(see 见 CHAIRMAN) 

chairlift /ˈtʃɛəlift/ n.  a series of chairs on an endless cable for carrying passengers up and down a mountain etc. (运送乘客上下山等的)架空吊椅，升降椅，缆车

chairman /ˈtʃɛəmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. also 阴性亦作 chairwoman, pl. -women)  1  a person chosen to preside over a meeting 会议主席，会议主持人 2  a  the permanent president of a committee, a board of directors, Brit. a firm, etc. (委员会等的)委员长，会长；(董事会的)董事长；[英] (商号)经理b (作 Chairman) (since 1949) the leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party (自 1949 年以来中国共产党的)主席 3  the master of ceremonies at an entertainment etc. (娱乐活动仪式的)司仪 4 hist.  either of two sedan-bearers [史义]轿夫 □ chairmanship  n.  

chairperson /ˈtʃɛəpɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  a chairman or chairwoman (used as a neutral alternative) 主席；议长；委员长；董事长；会长(不分男女的一个中性词)

chaise /ʃeiz/ n.  1 esp. hist.  a horse-drawn carriage for one or two persons, esp. one with an open top and two wheels [尤史义] (供一人或两人乘坐的)马车；(尤指)双轮敞篷马车 2  = POST-CHAISE  3 US [美]  = CHAISE LONGUE  [French, variant of chaire: see CHAIR]

chaise longue /ʃeiz ˈlɒŋɡ/ n. (pl. chaise longues or chaises longues pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a sofa with a backrest at only one end (仅一端有靠背的)沙发 2  a chair with a lengthened seat for reclining on; a sunbed 躺椅，睡椅；(日光浴)浴床 [French, literally ‘long chair’]

chaise lounge /ʃeiz ˈlaʊndʒ/ n. US [美]  = CHAISE LONGUE  [lounge corruption of longue]

chakra /ˈtʃʌkrə/ n.  each of the centres of spiritual power in the human body, recognized in yoga (印度瑜伽用语)人体精神力量的中心 [Sanskrit cakra (cognate with WHEEL n.)]

chalaza /kəˈleizə/ n. (pl. chalazae /-zi:/)  each of two twisted membranous strips joining the yolk to the ends of an egg 卵黄系带，卵带 [modern Latin from Greek, = small knot, hailstone]

chalcedony /kælˈsedəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a type of quartz occurring in several different forms, e.g. onyx, agate, tiger's eye, etc. 玉髓(一种以不同形式出现的石英，如缟玛瑙、玛瑙、虎眼石等) □ chalcedonic  /kælsiˈdɒnik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin c(h)alcedonius from Greek khalkēdōn]

chalcolithic /kælkəˈliθik/ adj. Archaeol.  of a prehistoric period in which both stone and copper implements were used 【考古】红铜时代的，铜石并用时代的 [Greek khalkos ‘copper’ + lithos ‘stone’]

chalcopyrite /kælkəˈpairait/ n.  a yellow mineral, a double sulphide of copper and iron, which is the principal ore of copper Also called 亦称作 copper pyrites 黄铜矿 [Greek khalkos ‘copper’ + PYRITE]

Chaldean /kælˈdi:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of ancient Chaldea or Babylonia 迦勒底人(古代迦勒底或古巴比伦居民)b  the language of the Chaldeans 迦勒底语 2  an astrologer 占星者；术士 3  a member of a Syrian Uniate (formerly Nestorian) Church in Iran etc. (伊朗等国的)叙利亚东仪天主教会(前景教)信徒 ●adj.  1  of or relating to ancient Chaldea or its people or language 古迦勒底的；迦勒底人的；迦勒底语的 2  of or relating to astrology 占星术的；巫术的 3  of or relating to the East Syrian Uniat Church 叙利亚东仪天主教会的 [Latin Chaldaeus via Greek Khaldaios from Assyrian Kaldu]

Chaldee /kælˈdi:, ˈkældi:/ n.  1  the language of the Chaldeans 迦勒底语 2  a native of ancient Chaldea 迦勒底人 3  the Aramaic language as used in Old Testament books (《圣经·旧约》所使用的)阿拉米语 [Middle English, representing Latin Chaldaei (pl.) (as CHALDEAN)]

chalet /ˈʃælei/ n.  1  a small suburban house or bungalow, esp. with an overhanging roof (尤指有悬挑屋顶的)郊区农舍，小平房 2  a small, usu. wooden, hut or house on a beach or in a holiday camp (海滩或休假地的)小木屋 3  a Swiss cowherd's hut, or wooden cottage, with overhanging eaves (瑞士带悬挑屋檐的)牧人小屋，小木屋 [Swiss French, ultimately from Latin casa ‘hut, cottage’]

chalice /ˈtʃælis/ n.  1 literary  a goblet [文学用语] (高脚)酒杯 2  a wine cup used in the Communion service 圣餐杯 [Middle English via Old French from Latin calix-icis ‘cup’]

chalk /tʃɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a white soft earthy limestone (calcium carbonate) formed from the skeletal remains of sea creatures 白垩 2  a  a similar substance (calcium sulphate), sometimes coloured, used for writing or drawing 粉笔b  a piece of this 一枝粉笔  a box of chalks  一盒粉笔 3  a series of strata consisting mainly of chalk 白垩层(由白垩构成的地层) 4  = FRENCH CHALK  ●v. tr.  1  rub, mark, draw, or write with chalk 用白垩粉擦(标记、画、写等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  a  write or record with chalk 用粉笔书写(或记录)b  register (a success etc.) 登记(分数等)c Brit.  charge (to an account) [英]记在(账)上 □ as different as chalk and (or from) cheese  Brit.  fundamentally different [英]截然不同，本质上完全不同□ by a long chalk  Brit.  by far (from the use of chalk to mark the score in games) [英]远远地，在很大程度上(由用粉笔记录比赛成绩的做法演变而来)□ chalk and talk  Brit.  traditional teaching (employing blackboard and chalk in a presentation to a class) [英]传统教学法(指使用黑板和粉笔授课的方法)□ chalk out   sketch or plan a thing to be accomplished 画草图；规划 [Old English cealc, ultimately (via West Germanic) from Latin CALX]

chalkboard /ˈtʃɔ:kbɔ:d/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BLACKBOARD 

chalk pit n. Brit.  a quarry in which chalk is dug [英]白垩矿场

chalk-stone n.  a concretion of urates like chalk in tissues and joints esp. of hands and feet (尤指手脚组织和关节里的)痛风石

chalk-stripe n.  a pattern of thin white stripes on a dark background 白垩条纹(深色底色上的细白条花纹) □ chalk-striped  adj.  

chalky /ˈtʃɔ:ki/ adj. (chalkier, chalkiest)  1  a  abounding in chalk 充满白垩的b  white as chalk 白垩般洁白的 2  like or containing chalk-stones 似白垩的；含白垩的 □ chalkiness  n.  

challah /ˈhɑ:lə, xɑ:ˈlɑ:/ n. (pl. challahs or chalot(h) /xɑ:ˈlɒt/)  a usu. plaited loaf of white leavened bread, traditionally baked to celebrate the Jewish sabbath (犹太教徒安息日吃的)白面包 [Hebrew halah, perhaps from hll ‘to pierce’ or Akkadian ellu ‘pure’]

challenge /ˈtʃælin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a summons to take part in a contest or a trial of strength etc., esp. to a duel 挑战，邀请比赛(尤指要求格斗)b  a summons to prove or justify something 怀疑；质疑，质问 2  a demanding or difficult task 需要技能的任务，艰巨的任务  rose to the challenge of the new job  勇敢地挑起新工作的艰巨任务 3 Law  an objection made to a jury member 【法律】(对某陪审员出庭表示的)反对 4  a call to respond, esp. a sentry's call for a password etc. (尤指哨兵)查问口令，查问身份 5  an invitation to a sporting contest, esp. one issued to a reigning champion 邀请参加体育比赛(尤指对卫冕冠军的挑战) 6 Med.  a test of immunity after immunization treatment 【医】免疫试验(指注射抗原以激发免疫能力) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  invite to take part in a contest, game, debate, duel, etc. 向…挑战(指要求竞赛、辩论、格斗等)b  invite to prove or justify something 要求证实…，对…怀疑，对…质疑 2  dispute, deny 辩驳，否认  I challenge that remark  我对那个评论提出辩驳 3  a  stretch, stimulate 激发，激励，鞭策  challenges him to produce his best  激励他做出最好的工作b (as 作 challenging adj.)  demanding; stimulatingly difficult 具挑战性的，具激励性困难的 4 (of a sentry) call to respond (哨兵)查问口令，查问身份 5  claim (attention, etc.) 引起，要求(注意等) 6 Law  object to (a jury member, evidence, etc.) 【法律】反对(某陪审员出庭)；怀疑(某证据) 7 Med.  test by a challenge 【医】(用带病微生物)进行免疫试验 □ challengeable  /-dʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ challenger  n.  □ challengingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French c(h)alenge, c(h)alenger from Latin calumnia calumniari ‘calumny’]

challenged /ˈtʃælindʒd/ adj. (in comb. 用于复合词) euphem. or joc.  lacking a physical or mental attribute [婉] [诙]缺少体力(或智力)特性的  vertically challenged  个子不高的 intellectually challenged  智力差的

challis /ˈʃælis, ˈʃæli/ n.  a lightweight soft clothing fabric 印花薄织物 [perhaps from a surname]

chalybeate /kəˈlibiət/ adj. (of mineral water etc.) impregnated with iron salts (矿泉水等)含铁盐的 [modern Latin chalybeatus via Latin chalybs from Greek khalups-ubos ‘steel’]

chamaephyte /ˈkæmifait/ n.  a plant whose buds are on or near the ground 地上芽植物 [Greek khamai ‘on the ground’ + -PHYTE]

chamber /ˈtʃeimbə/ n.  1  a  a hall used by a legislative or judicial body (立法或司法机关的)会议厅b  the body that meets in it (在会议厅开会的)立法机构；司法机构c  any of the houses of a parliament (国会的)上(下)议院  Chamber of Deputies  下议院 second chamber  上议院 2 (in pl. 用复数) Law 【法律】  a Brit.  rooms used by a barrister or group of barristers, esp. in the Inns of Court [英]律师事务所(尤指在伦敦的四所律师学院中租用的事务所)b  a judge's room used for official proceedings not required to be held in open court 法官专用室；法官办公室(用于处理不必在法庭上审理的案件) 3 poet. or archaic  a room, esp. a bedroom [诗] [古义]室(尤指卧室) 4  a large underground cavity; a cave 地下大洞穴；山洞 5 (作 attrib.) Mus.  of or for a small group of instruments 【音】室内乐的，小乐队的  chamber orchestra  小型管弦乐队 chamber music  室内乐 6  an enclosed space in machinery etc. (esp. the part of a gun bore that contains the charge) (机器内的)封闭空腔；(尤指枪炮的)弹膛 7  a  a cavity in a plant or in the body of an animal (动植物体内的)腔，室b  a compartment in a structure (建筑内的)分隔间 8  = CHAMBER POT  [Middle English via Old French chambre from Latin CAMERA]

chambered /ˈtʃeimbəd/ adj. (of a tomb) containing a burial chamber (坟墓)有棺椁的

chamberlain /ˈtʃeimbəlin/ n.  1  an officer managing the household of a sovereign or a great noble (国王的)内侍；(贵族的)管家 2 Brit.  the treasurer of a corporation etc. [英] (公司等的)财务总管 □ chamberlainship  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘servant in a bedchamber’, via Old French chamberlain etc. and Frankish from Latin camera CAMERA]

chambermaid /ˈtʃeimbəmeid/ n.  1  a housemaid at a hotel etc. (旅馆中整理房间的)女服务员 2 N. Amer.  a housemaid [北美]家庭女仆

Chamber of Commerce n.  an association to promote local commercial interests 商会

Chamber of Deputies n.  the lower legislative assembly in some parliaments (某些国家议会的)下议院

Chamber of Horrors n.  a place full of horrors (originally a room of criminals etc. in Madame Tussaud's waxworks) 令人毛骨悚然的场所(源自图索德夫人蜡像馆中的罪犯塑像室)

chamber pot n.  a receptacle for urine etc., used in a bedroom (放置于卧室里的)尿盆，夜壶

Chambertin /ˈʃɒ˜bətã/ n.  a high-quality dry red burgundy wine 香贝坦红葡萄酒(一种优质勃艮第红酒) [Gevrey Chambertin region in E. France, where it is produced]

chambray /ˈʃæmbrei/ n.  a linen-finished gingham cloth with a white weft and a coloured warp 钱布雷布，钱布雷绸(一种色经白纬的平纹布) [formed irregularly from Cambrai: see CAMBRIC]

chambré /ˈʃɒmbrei/ adj. (of red wine) brought to room temperature (指红葡萄酒)调至室温的 [French, past part. of chambrer, from chambre ‘room’: see CHAMBER]

chameleon /kəˈmi:liən/ n.  1  any of a family of small lizards having grasping tails, long tongues, protruding eyes, and the power of changing colour 变色蜥蜴，变色龙 2  a variable or inconstant person (感情)多变的人，反复无常的人 □ chameleonic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek khamaileōn, from khamai ‘on the ground’ + leōn ‘lion’]

chamfer /ˈtʃæmfə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  bevel symmetrically (a right-angled edge or corner) 将…切成斜面；将…削角 ●n.  a bevelled surface at an edge or corner 斜面，削角 [back-formation from chamfering, from French chamfrain, from chant ‘edge’ (see CANT2) + fraint ‘broken’ via Old French fraindre ‘break’ from Latin frangere]

chamois n.  1 /ˈʃæmwɑ:/ (pl. same 单复同 /-wɑ:z/)  an agile goat-antelope, Rupicapra rupicapra, native to the mountains of Europe and Asia 岩羚羊(一种行动非常敏捷的岩羚羊属动物，产于欧洲和亚洲山区) 2 /ˈʃæmi, ˈʃæmwɑ:/ (pl. same 单复同 /-miz, -wɑ:z/) (in full 全称 chamois leather)  a  soft pliable leather from sheep, goats, deer, etc. (柔软的)羚羊皮(或山羊皮、鹿皮等)b  a piece of this for polishing etc. (擦拭用的)软皮 [French: perhaps ultimately from Swiss Proto-Romance]

chamomile var.  of CAMOMILE  CAMOMILE 的变体

champ1 /tʃæmp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  munch or chew noisily 用力咀嚼；大声地咀嚼 2 tr. (of a horse etc.) work (the bit) noisily between the teeth (指马等)格格地咬(马嚼子) 3 intr.  fret with impatience 不耐烦，焦急  is champing to be away  迫不及待地想要离开 ●n.  a chewing noise or motion 咀嚼，咀嚼声 □ champ at the bit   be restlessly impatient 迫不及待地，烦燥不安地 [probably imitative]

champ2 /tʃæmp/ n. colloq.  a champion [口]冠军 [abbreviation]

champagne /ʃæmˈpein/ n.  1  a  a white sparkling wine from Champagne (产于法国香槟地区的)香槟酒b (loosely) a similar wine from elsewhere (泛指其他地区产的)香槟酒 2  a pale cream or straw colour 香槟酒色，淡橙黄色 [Champagne, former province in E. France, where it is produced]■Usage 用法说明 The use of champagne in sense 1b is, strictly speaking, incorrect. 严格地说， champagne 释义 1b 的用法是不正确的。 

champaign /ˈtʃæmpein/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  open country 原野 2  an expanse of open country 平原 [Middle English via Old French champagne from Late Latin campania: cf. CAMPAIGN]

champers /ˈʃæmpəz/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  champagne [尤英口]香槟酒

champerty /ˈtʃæmpɜ:ti/ n. (pl. -ies) Law  an illegal agreement in which a person not naturally interested in a lawsuit finances it with a view to sharing the disputed property 【法律】包揽诉讼(一种非法的协议，指出钱或出力帮他人诉讼，以便胜诉后分享有争议的财产) □ champertous  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French champartie from Old French champart ‘feudal lord's share of produce’, from Latin campus ‘field’ + pars ‘part’]

champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n., v., adj. & adv. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person (esp. in a sport or game), an animal, plant, etc., that has defeated or surpassed all rivals in a competition etc. (尤指体育比赛的)冠军；(动植物比赛的)第一名 2  a  a person who fights or argues for a cause or on behalf of another person 斗士；捍卫者；拥护者b hist.  a knight etc. who fought in single combat on behalf of a king etc. [史义] (为国王等作战的)战士，武士，勇士 ●v. tr.  support the cause of, defend, argue in favour of 捍卫，拥护，支持 ●adj. Brit. colloq. or dial.  first-class, splendid [英口] [方]第一流的，极好的 ●adv. Brit. colloq. or dial.  splendidly, well [英口] [方]极好地，出众地 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin campio -onis ‘fighter’, from Latin campus ‘field, military exercise ground’]

Champion of England n. (in the UK) a hereditary official at coronations (英国参加加冕典礼的)世袭官员

championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃip/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a contest for the position of champion in a sport etc. (运动等的)锦标赛 2  the position of champion over all rivals 冠军称号，冠军身份 3  the advocacy or defence (of a cause etc.) 捍卫，拥护，支持(事业等)

champlevé /ˈʃæmpləvei, 法 ʃɑ˜ləve/ n. & adj. ●n.  a type of enamelwork in which hollows made in a metal surface are filled with coloured enamels 镶嵌珐琅制品 ●adj.  of or relating to champlevé (cf. 参见 CLOISONNÉ) 镶嵌珐琅的，珐琅制品的 [French, = raised field]

chance /tʃɑ:ns/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a possibility 可能性  just a chance we will catch the train  我们有可能赶上火车b (often in pl. 常作复数)  probability 或然性，很可能发生的情况  the chances are against it  形势对它不利 2  a risk 冒险  have to take a chance  只得冒险 3  a  an accidental occurrence 偶然的事  just a chance that they met  他们相遇纯属偶然b  the absence of design or discoverable cause 意想不到的事，无缘无故的事  here merely because of chance  只不过是碰巧来到了这里 4  an opportunity 机会，机遇  didn't have a chance to speak to him  没有机会和他交谈 5  the way things happen; fortune; luck 运气；幸运  we'll just leave it to chance  我们还是听天由命吧 6 (often 常作 Chance)  the course of events regarded as a power; fate 机缘；命运  blind Chance rules the universe  机缘主宰宇宙 ●adj.  fortuitous, accidental 偶然的，碰巧的  a chance meeting  邂逅 ●v.  1 tr. colloq.  risk [口]冒险  we'll chance it and go  我们将冒险去那里 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, or 或 to + infin.)  happen without intention 偶然发生，碰巧发生  it chanced that I found it  我碰巧找到了它 I chanced to find it  我碰巧找到了它 □ by any chance   as it happens; perhaps 万一，或许□ by chance   without design; unintentionally 偶然，意外地，非有意地□ chance one's arm  Brit. colloq.  make an attempt though unlikely to succeed [英口]冒险一试□ chance on (or upon)   happen to find, meet, etc. 偶然发现，碰巧遇到□ on the chance  (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  in view of the possibility 怀着…的希望□ stand a chance  (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定或疑问词连用)  have a prospect of success etc. 大有(成功)的希望，很有(成功)的可能□ take a chance (or chances)   behave riskily; risk failure 冒险，投机；冒失败的危险□ take a (or one's) chance on (or with)   consent to take the consequences of; trust to luck 碰运气，听天由命 [Middle English from Anglo-French ch(e)aunce, Old French chëance, chëoir ‘fall’, ultimately from Latin cadere]

chancel /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)l/ n.  the part of a church near the altar, reserved for the clergy, the choir, etc., usu. enclosed by a screen or separated from the nave by steps (教堂内靠近祭坛，通常用屏风隔开专供牧师和唱诗班用的)圣坛 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cancelli ‘lattice’]

chancellery /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)l(ə)ri, -sləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the position, office, staff, department, etc., of a chancellor 大臣的职位(部门、办公处或全体人员)b  the official residence of a chancellor 大臣官邸 2 US  an office attached to an embassy or consulate [美] (大使馆或领事馆的)办事处 [Middle English from Old French chancellerie (as CHANCELLOR)]

chancellor /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)lə/ n.  1  a state or legal official of various kinds 大臣；大法官 2 (Chancellor)  a  the head of the government in some European countries, e.g. Germany (德国等欧洲国家的)总理，首相b  = CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER  3 esp. Brit.  the non-resident honorary head of a university [尤英] (不住在校内的)大学名誉校长 4  a bishop's law officer (帮主教负责法律事务的)副主教 5 US  the president of a chancery court [美] (衡平法院的)首席法官 6  an officer of an order of knighthood who seals commissions etc. 国王的秘书，(负责在委任状上盖印的)勋位大臣  Chancellor of the Garter  嘉德勋位大臣 □ chancellorship  n.   [Old English via Anglo-French c(h)anceler, Old French -ier from Late Latin cancellarius ‘porter, secretary’ (originally a court official at the grating separating public from judges), from cancelli ‘lattice’]

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster n. (in the UK) a member of the government legally representing the Crown as Duke of Lancaster, often a Cabinet minister employed on non-departmental work (英国)兰开斯特公爵郡大臣

Chancellor of the Exchequer n.  the finance minister of the United Kingdom (英国)财政大臣

chance-medley /tʃɑ:nsˈmedli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1 Law  a fight, esp. homicidal, beginning unintentionally 【法律】突发的斗殴行为(尤指意外杀人) 2  inadvertency 漫不经心的行为，粗心大意的行为 [Anglo-French chance medlee (see MEDDLE) ‘mixed chance’]

chancery /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (作 Chancery) Law  the Lord Chancellor's court, a division of the High Court of Justice 【法律】(高等法院的)大法官法庭 2 hist.  the records office of an order of knighthood [史义] (骑士团的)档案馆，档案室 3 hist.  the court of a bishop's chancellor [史义]主教法官法庭 4  an office attached to an embassy or consulate (大使馆或领事馆的)办事处 5  a public record office 公共档案馆 6 US  a court of equity [美]衡平法院 □ in chancery  slang (of a boxer or wrestler) with his or her head held, contrary to the rules, between the opponent's arm and body and unable to avoid blows [俚语] (拳击手或摔跤手)夹头 [Middle English, contracted from CHANCELLERY]

chancre /ˈʃæŋkə/ n.  a painless ulcer developing in venereal disease etc. 下疳，初疮 [French, from Latin CANCER]

chancroid /ˈʃæŋkrɔid/ n.  ulceration of lymph nodes in the groin, from venereal disease 软下疳

chancy /ˈtʃɑ:nsi/ adj. (chancier, chanciest)  subject to chance; uncertain; risky 偶然发生的；不确定的；冒险的 □ chancily  adv.  □ chanciness  n.  

chandelier /ʃændəˈliə/ n.  an ornamental branched hanging support for several candles or electric light bulbs 枝形吊灯 [French, from chandelle CANDLE]

chandler /ˈtʃɑ:ndlə/ n.  a dealer in candles, oil, soap, paint, groceries, etc. 蜡烛商(经营蜡烛、油料、肥皂、油漆和杂货等) [Middle English from Anglo-French chaundeler, Old French chandelier ‘candle-maker or -seller’, from chandelle CANDLE]

chandlery /ˈtʃɑ:ndləri/ n.  goods sold by a chandler 蜡烛商品，杂货

change /tʃein(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of making or becoming different 变化，转变b  an alteration or modification 变更，改变  the change in her expression  她措词的改变 2  a  money given in exchange for money in larger units or a different currency (兑现大面额货币或外币的)小额货币，辅币b  money returned as the balance of that given in payment 找头，零钱c  = SMALL CHANGE  3  a new experience; variety 变换，调换  fancied a change  想要变化一下 for a change  为了有变化 4  a  the substitution of one thing for another; an exchange 替换物；交换物  change of scene  环境的改变b  a set of clothes etc. put on in place of another (替换的)一套衣服 5 (in full 全称 change of life) colloq.  the menopause [口]绝经(期)，更年期 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of the different orders in which a peal of bells can be rung 钟乐 7 (作 Change) hist.  a place where merchants etc. met to do business [史义]交易所 8 (of the moon) arrival at a fresh phase, esp. at the new moon (月亮)转换月相(尤指换到新月) ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  undergo, show, or subject to change; make or become different (使)改变，(使)变化，(使)变更  the wig changed his appearance  假发改变了他的外表 changed from an introvert into an extrovert  从性格内向变成性格外向的人 2 tr.  a  take or use another instead of; go from one to another 更换，改换  change one's socks  换袜子 changed his doctor  换医生 changed trains  换乘火车b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  give up or get rid of in exchange 交换；换取  changed the car for a van  用小汽车换了一辆面包车 3 tr.  a  give or get change in smaller denominations for 兑换(小面额零钱)  can you change a ten-pound note?  你能兑换十英镑零票吗？b (foll. by 后跟 for)  exchange (a sum of money) for 兑换  changed his dollars for pounds  把他的美元兑换成英镑 4 tr. & intr.  put fresh clothes or coverings on 更换(衣服等)  changed the baby as he was wet  因那婴儿尿床而给他换尿布 changed into something loose  换上宽大的衣服 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  give and receive, exchange 交换；互换  changed places with him  和他交换位置 we changed places  我们交换了位置 6 intr.  change trains etc. 换乘(火车等)  changed at Crewe  在克鲁换车 7 intr. (of the moon) arrive at a fresh phase, esp. become new (月亮)转换月相 □ change colour   blanch or flush (脸色)变苍白；脸红□ change down  Brit.  engage a lower gear in a vehicle [英]将车速调低一档，放慢车速□ change gear   engage a different gear in a vehicle (车辆)换档□ change hands   1  pass to a different owner 转手，易手 2  substitute one hand for the other when performing an action etc. (做事情时)换手□ change one's mind   adopt a different opinion or plan 改变主意；改变计划□ change of air   a different climate; variety 不同的气候；改变了的环境□ change over   change from one system or situation to another 改变制度(或情况)□ change step   alter one's step so that the opposite leg is the one that marks time when marching etc. (行军时)换步□ change the subject   begin talking of something different, esp. to avoid embarrassment 改变话题，(为避免尴尬而)开始谈其他事情□ change one's tune   1  voice a different opinion from that expressed previously 改变观点，变卦 2  change one's style of language or manner, esp. from an insolent to a respectful tone 转变举止(或态度) (尤指从傲慢到恭敬的变化)□ change up  Brit.  engage a higher gear in a vehicle [英]把车速调高一档，加快车速□ get no change out of  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  fail to get information from 没能探听到消息 2  fail to get the better of (in business etc.) (商业竞争中)没能战胜对手□ ring the changes (on)   vary the ways of expressing, arranging, or doing something 改变说法(或做法)；打破常规□ changeful  adj.  □ changer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French chaunge, Old French change, changer from Late Latin cambiare, Latin cambire ‘barter’, probably of Celtic origin]

changeable /ˈtʃein(d)ʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  irregular, inconstant 无规律的，易变的，不定的 2  that can change or be changed 可改变的；可被改变的 □ changeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ changeableness  n.  □ changeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, formed as CHANGE]

changeless /ˈtʃein(d)ʒlis/ adj.  unchanging 不变的，无变化的 □ changelessly  adv.  □ changelessness  n.  

changeling /ˈtʃein(d)ʒliŋ/ n.  a child believed to have been substituted for another by stealth, esp. by fairies 被偷换后留下的儿童(尤指民间故事中被仙女偷换后留下的又丑又怪的孩子)

change of heart n.  a conversion to a different view 改变主意，转变观点

change of life  see 见 CHANGE n. 5 

changeover /ˈtʃein(d)ʒəʊvə/ n.  a change from one system or situation to another 制度(或情况)的转变

change-ringing n.  the ringing of a set of bells in a constantly varying order 编钟演奏技艺 □ change-ringer  n.  

Chang Jiang n.  长江

channel1 /ˈtʃæn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas, esp. seas (尤指连接两个海域的)海峡b (作 the Channel)  the English Channel between Britain and France 英吉利海峡 2  a medium of communication; an agency for conveying information 交际手段，联结途径  through the usual channels  通过正常的途径 3 Broadcasting 【广播】  a  a band of frequencies used in radio and television transmission, esp. as used by a particular station (尤指某电台使用的)频道，波道b  a service or station using this (使用某个频道的)电台，电视台 4  the course in which anything moves; a direction 路线，方向 5  a  a natural or artificial hollow bed of water 河床，河槽b  the navigable part of a waterway 航道 6  a tubular passage for liquid (液体通过的)管道，水道 7 Electronics  a lengthwise strip on recording tape etc. 【电子学】(录音带等的)信道 8  a groove or a flute, esp. in a column (尤指柱子上的)凹槽 ●v. tr. (channelled, channelling; US [美] channeled, channeling)  1  guide, direct 引导，指引  channelled them through customs  引领他们通过海关 2  form channels in; groove 在…上开挖渠道；在…上开槽 [Middle English via Old French chanel from Latin canalis CANAL]

channel2 /ˈtʃæn(ə)l/ n. Naut.  any of the broad thick planks projecting horizontally from a ship's side abreast of the masts, used to widen the basis for the shrouds 【海】舷外桅支索承板，桅侧支索牵条 [for chain-wale: cf. gunnel for gunwale]

channelize /ˈtʃæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convey in, or as if in, a channel; guide 为…开辟途径；引导

chanson /ˈʃɒ˜sɒ˜, 法 ʃɑ˜sɔ˜/ n.  a French song 法国歌曲 [French]

chanson de geste /ˌʃɒ˜sɒ˜ də ˈʒɛst, 法 ʃɑ˜sɔ˜ də ʒest/ n. (pl. chansons de geste pronunc. same 单复发音同)  any of a group of medieval French epic poems 法国中世纪史诗 [French, = song of heroic deeds]

chant /tʃɑ:nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a spoken sing-song phrase, esp. one performed in unison by a crowd etc. 歌，曲子(尤指齐唱歌曲)b  a repetitious sing-song way of speaking 反复吟诵般的说话 2 Mus. 【音】  a  a short musical passage in two or more phrases used for singing unmetrical words, e.g. psalms, canticles (用于不讲究格律歌词如圣歌、赞美诗的)乐曲片段b  the psalm or canticle so sung 圣歌，赞美诗c  a song, esp. monotonous or repetitive (尤指单调或重复吟唱的)歌曲 3  a musical recitation, esp. of poetry 吟诵(尤诗歌) ●v. tr. & intr.  1  talk or repeat monotonously 单调地说(或重复)  a crowd chanting slogans  重复口号的人群 2  sing or intone (a psalm etc.) 唱歌；吟咏(圣歌等) [Middle English (originally as verb) via Old French chanter ‘sing’ from Latin cantare, frequentative of canere cant- ‘sing’]

chanter /ˈtʃɑ:ntə/ n. Mus.  the melody-pipe, with finger-holes, of a bagpipe 【音】(风笛的)调旋律管

chanterelle /ˈtʃɑ:ntərel, tʃɑ:ntəˈrel/ n.  an edible fungus, Cantharellus cibarius, with a yellow funnel-shaped cap and a smell of apricots 鸡油菌(一种可食用的鸡油菌属真菌，菌帽为漏斗状，有杏的味道) [French via modern Latin cantharellus, diminutive of cantharus, from Greek kantharos, a kind of drinking vessel]

chanteuse /ʃɑ:nˈtɜ:z/ n.  a female singer of popular songs 女流行歌手 [French]

chanticleer /ˈtʃɑ:ntikliə/ n. literary  a name given to a domestic cock, esp. in fairy tales etc. [文学用语]雄鸡(尤见神话故事) [Middle English from Old French chantecler (as CHANT, CLEAR), a name in the fable Reynard the Fox]

Chantilly /ʃænˈtili/ n.  1  a delicate kind of bobbin lace 尚蒂伊细花花边 2  sweetened or flavoured whipped cream 甜味(或调味)掼奶油 [named after Chantilly, a town near Paris]

chantry /ˈtʃɑ:ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an endowment for a priest or priests to celebrate masses for the founder's soul (为某人作追思弥撒的)捐款 2  the priests, chapel, altar, etc., endowed for this purpose (为某人作弥撒所捐献的)教堂；祭坛 [Middle English from Anglo-French chaunterie, Old French chanterie from chanter CHANT]

chanty var.  of SHANTY2  SHANTY2 的变体

Chanukkah var.  of HANUKKAH  HANUKKAH 的变体

chaos /ˈkeiɒs/ n.  1  a  utter confusion 混乱，杂乱无章b Sci.  behaviour so unpredictable as to appear random, owing to great sensitivity to small changes in conditions 【科】紊乱 2  the formless matter supposed to have existed before the creation of the universe 混沌(传说中宇宙形成以前模糊一团的景象) □ chaotic  /keiˈɒtik/ adj.  □ chaotically  /-ˈɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [French or Latin from Greek khaos:-otic on the pattern of erotic etc.]

chaos theory n.  the mathematical study of complex systems whose behaviour is highly sensitive to slight changes in conditions, so that small alterations can give rise to strikingly great consequences 紊乱理论(关于微小变化会产生明显后果的数学研究)

chap1 /tʃæp/ v. & n. ●v. (chapped, chapping)  1 intr. (esp. of the skin; also of dry ground etc.) crack in fissures, esp. because of exposure and dryness (尤指皮肤)皲裂；(干燥地面)龟裂 2 tr. (of the wind, cold, etc.) cause to chap (指风、寒冷等)使皲裂；使龟裂 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a crack in the skin 皮肤皲裂 2  an open seam in the ground 地表龟裂，地缝 [Middle English, perhaps related to Middle Low German, Middle Dutch kappen ‘chop off’]

chap2 /tʃæp/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a man; a boy; a fellow [尤英口]男人；小伙子；家伙 [abbreviation of CHAPMAN]

chap3 /tʃæp/ n.  the lower jaw or half of the cheek, esp. of a pig as food 颌，口颊部；(尤指作为食品的)猪头颌颊部分 [16th c.: variant of CHOP2, of unknown origin]

chap. abbr. [缩略]  chapter 

chaparajos /ʃæpəˈreihəʊs, tʃ-/ n. pl. N. Amer.  a cowboy's leather protection for the front of the legs [北美] (牛仔穿的)皮护腿套裤 [Mexican Spanish chaparreras from chaparra ‘dwarf evergreen oak’]

chaparral /ʃæpəˈræl, tʃ-/ n. N. Amer.  dense tangled brushwood; undergrowth [北美]灌木丛，荆棘丛 [Spanish from chaparra ‘dwarf evergreen oak’]

chaparral cock n.  = ROADRUNNER 

chapatti /tʃəˈpɑ:ti, -ˈpæti/ n. (also 亦作 chapati, chupatty) (pl. -is or chupatties) (in Indian cookery) a flat thin cake of unleavened wholemeal bread (印度人用粗面粉做的)薄煎饼 [Hindi capɑˉti]

chapbook /ˈtʃæpbʊk/ n.  1 hist.  a small pamphlet containing tales, ballads, tracts, etc., hawked by chapmen [史义] (旧时由小贩沿街叫卖的)小本故事书；民谣小册子 2 esp. N. Amer.  a small paper-covered booklet of poems, fiction, etc. [尤北美] (小开本纸封面的)诗歌集，小说 [19th c.: see CHAPMAN]

chape /tʃeip/ n.  1  the metal cap of a scabbard point (剑鞘顶部的)金属包头 2  the back-piece of a buckle attaching it to a strap etc. 扣钩(指搭扣与皮带衔接的部分) 3  a sliding loop on a belt or strap 皮带滑动圈 [Middle English from Old French, = cope, hood, from Late Latin cappa CAP]

chapeau-bras /ʃæpəʊˈbrɑ:, 法 ʃapobra/ n. (pl. chapeaux-bras pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a three-cornered flat silk hat often carried under the arm 绸三角帽(时常摺起来夹在腋下) [French from chapeau ‘hat’ + bras ‘arm’]

chapel /ˈtʃæp(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a place for private Christian worship in a large church or esp. a cathedral, with its own altar and dedication (大教堂或主教堂内的)私人祈祷室；小教堂  Lady chapel  圣母堂b  a place of Christian worship attached to a private house or institution (附属于私人住宅或机构的)礼拜堂 2 Brit. [英]  a  a place of worship for Nonconformist bodies 非国教徒的教堂b  a chapel service 教堂的礼拜式c  attendance at a chapel 参加做礼拜的人 3 Brit.  an Anglican church subordinate to a parish church [英] (附属于巴黎教堂的)圣公会教堂 4  a  a room or building for funeral services 殡仪馆b esp. US [尤美]  = CHAPEL OF REST  5 Brit. Printing [英]【印刷】  a  the members or branch of a printers' trade union at a specific place of work 印刷工会分会；印刷工会会员b  a meeting of such a union branch 印刷工会会议 ●predic. adj. Brit. colloq.  belonging to or regularly attending a Nonconformist chapel [英口]非国教的；按时去做礼拜的 [Middle English via Old French chapele from medieval Latin cappella, diminutive of cappa ‘cloak’: the first chapel was a sanctuary in which St Martin's sacred cloak (cappella) was preserved]

chapel of ease n.  an Anglican chapel for the convenience of remote parishioners (为方便远离教区教堂的教徒而设的)国教小教堂

chapel of rest n. Brit.  an undertaker's mortuary [英] (殡仪馆的)停尸室

chapel royal n.  a chapel in a royal palace 王宫附属教堂

chapelry /ˈtʃæp(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a district served by an Anglican chapel 国教教堂教区，国教教堂辖区

chaperone /ˈʃæpərəʊn/ n. & v. (also 亦作 chaperon) ●n.  1  a person, esp. an older woman, who ensures propriety by accompanying a young unmarried woman on social occasions (尤指在社交场所陪伴青年未婚女子的)年长女伴 2  a person who takes charge of esp. young people in publilic (尤指青年社交集会时的)行为监护人 ●v. tr.  act as a chaperone to 当女伴，做行为监护人 □ chaperonage  /ˈʃæp(ə)r(ə)nidʒ/ n.   [French, fem. of chaperon ‘hood’ (regarded as giving protection), diminutive of chape ‘cope’: see CHAPE]

chap-fallen adj.  dispirited, dejected (with the lower jaw hanging) 沮丧的；垂头丧气的 [CHAP3]

chaplain /ˈtʃæplin/ n.  a member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, ship, regiment, etc. (私人教堂、机构、轮船、军队等的)牧师，祭司 □ chaplaincy  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French c(h)apelain from medieval Latin cappellanus, originally custodian of the cloak of St Martin: see CHAPEL]

chaplet /ˈtʃæplit/ n.  1  a garland or circlet for the head (戴在头上的)花环，花饰 2  a string of 55 beads (one-third of the rosary number) for counting prayers, or as a necklace (用于祈祷时计数或用作项链，由 55 颗珠子串成的)小串念珠；串珠项链 3  a bead-moulding 串珠浇铸法 □ chapleted  adj.   [Middle English from Old French chapelet, ultimately from Late Latin cappa CAP]

chapman /ˈtʃæpmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. hist.  a pedlar [英史义]叫卖商贩，小贩 [Old English cēapman from cēap ‘barter’]

chappal /ˈtʃæp(ə)l/ n.  an Indian sandal, usu. of leather 印度凉鞋(通常用皮革制成) [Hindi]

chappie /ˈtʃæpi/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = CHAP2 

chaps /ʃæps, tʃ-/ n.  = CHAPARAJOS  [abbreviation]

chapter /ˈtʃæptə/ n.  1  a main division of a book (书的)章，回，篇 2  a period of time (in a person's life, a nation's history, etc.) (人生或民族历史等的)时期，时代 3  a series or sequence 一连串，一系列  a chapter of misfortunes  一连串不幸的遭遇 4  a  the canons of a cathedral or other religious community or knightly order 大教堂的全体教士；修道院的全体修士b  a meeting of these 大教堂会议；修道院会议 5  an Act of Parliament numbered as part of a session's proceedings (作为议会某次会议议程的一部分而编目的)议会法案 6  a N. Amer.  a local branch of a society [北美] (社团的)分会，支部b  a local group of Hell's Angels (地狱天使的)地方团伙 □ chapter and verse   an exact reference or authority (引语等的)确切出处，确切依据 [Middle English via Old French chapitre from Latin capitulum, diminutive of caput -itis ‘head’]

chapter house n.  1  a building used for the meetings of a chapter 牧师会礼堂 2 US  the place where a college fraternity or sorority meets [美]大学生联谊会场所

char1 /tʃɑ:/ v. tr. & intr. (charred, charring)  1  make or become black by burning; scorch (把…)烧焦 2  burn or be burnt to charcoal (把…)烧成炭 [apparently backformation from CHARCOAL]

char2 /tʃɑ:/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  = CHARWOMAN  ●v. intr. (charred, charring)  work as a charwoman 做打杂女工，做女勤杂工 [earlier chare from Old English cerr ‘a turn’, cierran ‘to turn’]

char3 /tʃɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 cha /tʃɑ:/) Brit. colloq.  tea [英口]茶 [Chinese cha]

char4 /tʃɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 charr) (pl. same 单复同)  any small troutlike fish of the genus Salvelinus 嘉鱼，红点鲑(红点鲑属鱼类) [17th c.: origin unknown]

charabanc /ˈʃærəbæŋ/ n. Brit. hist.  an early form of motor coach [英史义]大型游览车 [French char ɑˋ bancs ‘carriage with seats’]

characin /ˈkærəsin/ n.  a freshwater fish of the family Characidae, mainly of S. and Central America, including piranhas and tetras 脂鲤(脂鲤科淡水鱼，产于南美和中部美洲，包括水虎鱼和脂鲤) [modern Latin Characinus genus name, from Greek kharax, a kind of fish]

character /ˈkærəktə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the collective qualities or characteristics, esp. mental and moral, that distinguish a person or thing (尤指使人或物与众不同的思想和道德)性格，品质；(事物的)性质，特性，特色 2  a  moral strength 道德力量，品德  has a weak character  品德差b  reputation, esp. good reputation (尤指好的)名誉，名声 3  a  a person in a novel, play, etc. (小说、戏剧等的)人物，角色b  a part played by an actor; a role (演员扮演的)角色 4 colloq.  a person, esp. an eccentric or outstanding individual [口] (尤指杰出的或古怪的)人物  he's a real character  他真是个杰出人物 5  a  a printed or written letter, symbol, or distinctive mark (印刷或书写的)字，字体；符号  Chinese characters  汉字b Computing  any of a group of symbols representing a letter etc. 【计算】(代表一个字母的)字符 6  a written description of a person's qualities; a testimonial 人物的性格描写；品德证明书 7  a characteristic (esp. of a biological species) (尤指生物物种的)特征 ●v. tr. archaic  inscribe; describe [古义]描写，描述 □ in (or out of) character   consistent (or inconsistent) with a person's character 与自身特性相符(或不相符)□ characterful  adj.  □ characterfully  adv.  □ characterless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French caractere and Latin character from Greek kharaktēr ‘stamp, impress’]

character actor n.  an actor who specializes in playing eccentric or unusual persons 性格演员

character assassination n.  a malicious attempt to harm or destroy a person's good reputation 诽谤，破坏名誉

characteristic /kærəktəˈristik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  typical, distinctive 典型的；独特的  with characteristic expertise  具有独特的专长 ●n.  1  a characteristic feature or quality 特点，特征，特性 2 Math.  the whole number or integral part of a logarithm 【数】特征数；(对数的)首数 □ characteristically  adv.   [French caractéristique or medieval Latin characterizare, from Greek kharaktērizō]

characteristic curve n.  a graph showing the relationship between two variable but interdependent quantities 特征曲线

characteristic radiation n.  radiation the wavelengths of which are peculiar to the element which emits them 标识辐射

characterize /ˈkærəktəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  describe the character of 描绘…的特性；叙述b (foll. by 后跟 as)  describe as 描绘成… 2  be characteristic of 以…为特征 3  impart character to 赋予…特征；使性格化 □ characterization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French caractériser or medieval Latin characterizare, from Greek kharaktērizō]

charade /ʃəˈrɑ:d/ n.  1  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 , treated as sing. 看作单数)  a game of guessing a word from a written or acted clue given for each syllable and for the whole (通过动作或文字线索来猜测的)字谜游戏，哑谜猜字游戏b  one such clue (猜字谜时的)线索 2  an absurd pretence 装模作样的把戏 [French from modern Provençal charrado ‘conversation’, from charra ‘chatter’]

charas /ˈtʃɑ:rəs/ n.  a narcotic resin from the flower heads of hemp; cannabis resin (用大麻花头制成的)大麻脂 [Hindi]

charbroil /ˈtʃɑ:brɔil/ v. tr.  grill (meat etc.) on a rack over charcoal 用炭烤(肉等) [CHARCOAL + BROIL1]

charcoal /ˈtʃɑ:kəʊl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an amorphous form of carbon consisting of a porous black residue from wood, bones, etc., heated in the absence of air 炭，木炭b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of this used for drawing (绘画用的)木炭条，炭笔 2  a drawing in charcoal 木炭画 3 (in full 全称 charcoal grey)  a dark grey colour 深灰色 ●adj. (in full 全称 charcoal grey; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  dark grey 深灰色的 [Middle English COAL = charcoal: first element perhaps chare ‘turn’ (cf. CHAR1, CHAR2)]

charcoal biscuit n.  a biscuit containing wood charcoal to aid digestion 炭饼干(因内含助消化的炭而得名)

charcuterie /ʃɑ:ˈku:t(ə)ri:/ n.  1  cold cooked meats (熟肉店出售的)凉熟肉 2  a shop selling these 熟肉店 [French]

chard /tʃɑ:d/ n. (in full 全称 Swiss chard)  a kind of beet, Beta vulgaris, with edible broad white leaf-stalks and green blades Also called 亦称作 seakale beet 莙达菜，瑞士甜菜(甜菜属植物，其白色叶柄和绿叶均可作蔬菜) [French carde, and chardon ‘thistle’: cf. CARDOON]

Chardonnay /ˈʃɑ:dənei/ n.  1  a variety of white grape used for making champagne and other wines 夏敦埃葡萄(用作香槟酒和其他葡萄酒的原料) 2  the vine on which this grape grows 夏敦埃葡萄藤 3  a wine made from Chardonnay grapes 夏敦埃葡萄酒 [French]

charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  ask (an amount) as a price 要价  charges £ 5 a ticket  每张票五英镑b  ask (a person) for an amount as a price 要(某人)付钱，收费  you forgot to charge me  你忘记向我收费了 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to, up to)  debit the cost of to (a person or account) 把…记在某人名下(或账上)  charge it to my account  把它记在我的账上 charge it up to me  把它记在我的名下b  debit (a person or an account) 记入某人(或账户)的借方  bought a new car and charged the company  购买一辆汽车并把车款记入公司账户的借方 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  accuse (of an offence) 控告，指控；指责  charged him with theft  指控他犯偷窃罪b (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  make an accusation that 宣称，指责 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  instruct or urge 指示，催促 5 (foll. by 后跟 with)  a tr.  entrust with 使承担任务(或责任)b refl.  undertake 承担，承受 6  a intr.  make a rushing attack; rush headlong 进攻，冲锋b tr.  make a rushing attack on; throw oneself against 猛攻；冲向 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a tr.  give an electric charge to (a body); store energy in (a battery etc.) 使…充电；为…充电b intr. (of a battery etc.) receive and store energy (电池等)充电 8 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  load or fill (a vessel, gun, etc.) to the full or proper extent 装，装满(容器、枪炮等) 9 tr. (usu. as 通常作 charged adj.)  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  saturated with 使饱和  air charged with vapour  饱和了水蒸气的空气b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  pervaded (with strong feelings etc.) 使充满(强烈感情等)  atmosphere charged with emotion  充满激情的气氛 a charged atmosphere  一触即发的气氛 ●n.  1  a  a price asked for goods or services (商品)价钱；(服务)费用b  a financial liability or commitment 应付款项；财政义务 2  an accusation, esp. against a prisoner brought to trial (尤指对被审判者的)控告，指控，指责 3  a  a task, duty, or commission 任务，责任，职责b  care, custody, responsible possession 管理，照管，监护c  a person or thing entrusted; a minister's congregation 被照管的人(或事物)；牧师照管下的教区 4  a  an impetuous rush or attack, esp. in a battle (尤指战斗中的)猛攻，冲锋b  the signal for this 冲锋号 5  the appropriate amount of material to be put into a receptacle, mechanism, etc. at one time, esp. of explosive for a gun (容器、机械装置等的)定量装载物；(尤指枪炮所需的)炸药量 6  a  a property of matter that is a consequence of the interaction between its constituent particles and exists in a positive or negative form, causing electrical phenomena 电荷b  the quantity of this carried by a body (物体携带的)电荷量c  energy stored chemically for conversion into electricity (以化学方式贮存，可转化为电的)能量d  the process of charging a battery 充电 7  an exhortation; directions, orders, esp. Law instructions given by a judge to a jury, or Eccl. by a bishop to his clergy 告诫；指示；命令(尤指 【法律】法官对陪审团的指示或 【教会】主教对牧师的告诫) 8  a burden or load 负担，负荷 9 Heraldry  a device; a bearing 【纹章学】图形，图案 □ free of charge   free, without charge 免费的□ give a person in charge  Brit.  hand a person over to the police [英]把某人交给警方□ in charge   having command 主管，管理，负责□ lay to a person's charge  Brit.  accuse a person of [英]控告某人(犯某罪)□ put a person on a charge  Brit.  charge a person with a specified offence [英]对某人进行(某种)指控□ return to the charge   begin again, esp. in argument (尤指争论)重新开始□ take charge  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  assume control or direction 掌管，负责□ chargeable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French charger and Late Latin car(ri)care ‘to load’ from Latin carrus CAR]

charge account n. N. Amer.  a credit account at a shop etc. [北美] (在商店等处的)赊购账

charge card n.  a credit card for which the account must be paid in full when a statement is issued (结算单发出后必须结清账目的)信用卡

charge-coupled device  see 见 CCD 

chargehand /ˈtʃɑ:dʒhænd/ n. Brit.  a worker, ranking below a foreman, in charge of others on a particular job [英]工头，领班

charge nurse n. Brit.  a nurse in charge of a ward [英]护士长

charger1 /ˈtʃɑ:dʒə/ n.  1  a  a cavalry horse 战马，军马b poet.  any horse [诗]马 2  a device for charging a battery or battery-powered equipment 充电器，充电机 3  a person or thing that charges 控告者；冲锋者；收费者；装料机

charger2 /ˈtʃɑ:dʒə/ n. archaic  a large flat dish [古义]大浅盘 [Middle English from Anglo-French chargeour]

charge sheet n. Brit.  a record of cases and charges made at a police station [英] (警察局的)案情记录

chargé d'affaires /ˌʃɑ:ʒei dæˈfɛə/ n. (also 亦作 chargé) (pl. chargés pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  an ambassador's deputy 代办(代理大使的外交官) 2  an envoy to a minor country (派往小国家的)公使 [French, = in charge of affairs]

chariot /ˈtʃæriət/ n. & v. ●n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, used in ancient warfare and racing (古代的)双轮战车；双轮赛马车b  a four-wheeled carriage with back seats only 四轮轻便马车 2 poet.  a stately or triumphal vehicle [诗]庄严堂皇的彩车；凯旋车 ●v. tr. literary  convey in or as in a chariot [文学用语]用马车(或战车)载送；乘坐马车(或战车) [Middle English from Old French, augmentative of char CAR]

charioteer /tʃæriəˈtiə/ n.  a chariot driver 战车御者；驾驶马车的人

charisma /kəˈrizmə/ n. (pl. charismata /kəˈrizmətə/)  1  a  the ability to inspire followers with devotion and enthusiasm (能激发下属忠心和热情的)领袖气质(或能力)b  an attractive aura; great charm 吸引力；魅力 2  a divinely conferred power or talent 神授的超凡能力(才能) [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek kharisma, from kharis ‘favour, grace’]

charismatic /kærizˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having charisma; inspiring enthusiasm 有号召力的；能激发热情的 2 (of Christian worship) characterized by spontaneity, ecstatic utterances, etc. (指基督教崇拜)以自发行动(或由衷的表露等)为特点的 ●n.  a person who claims divine inspiration; an adherent of charismatic worship 有神授超凡能力的人；崇尚神授天赋的人 □ charismatically  adv.  

charismatic movement n.  a neo-pentecostal movement within Roman Catholic, Anglican, and other Christian Churches (罗马天主教、英国国教和其他基督教教派的)新五旬节教派运动

charitable /ˈtʃæritəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  generous in giving to those in need 慷慨施舍的 2  of, relating to, or connected with a charity or charities 慈善的，仁爱的 3  apt to judge favourably of persons, acts, and motives 宽容的，宽厚的 □ charitableness  n.  □ charitably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, from charité CHARIṪY]

charity /ˈtʃæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  giving voluntarily to those in need; alms-giving 施舍行为；善举b  the help, esp. money, so given 帮助，施舍物(尤指金钱) 2  an institution or organization for helping those in need 慈善团体，慈善组织 3  a  kindness, benevolence 仁爱；慈善b  tolerance in judging others (对别人)宽容，宽大；宽厚c  love of one's fellow men 兄弟之爱；博爱 [Old English via Old French charité from Latin caritas -tatis, from carus ‘dear’]

Charity Commission n. (in the UK) a board established to control charitable trusts (英国)济贫事业委员会

charivari /ʃɑ:riˈvɑ:ri/ n. (esp. US also [尤美亦] shivaree /ʃivəˈri:/)  1  a serenade of banging saucepans etc. to a newly married couple 喧闹的仿小夜曲(敲打铁锅、水壶等向新婚夫妇祝贺) 2  a medley of sounds; a hubbub 喧闹声；嘈杂声 [French, = a serenade with pans, trays, etc., to an unpopular person]

charlady /ˈtʃɑ:leidi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  = CHARWOMAN 

charlatan /ˈʃɑ:lət(ə)n/ n.  a person falsely claiming a special knowledge or skill 冒充内行的人，骗子 □ charlatanism  n.  □ charlatanry  n.   [French from Italian ciarlatano, from ciarlare ‘babble’]

Charlene /ˈʃɑ:li:n/   查伦 [人名]

Charles /tʃɑ:lz/   查尔斯 [人名]

Charles' Law /ˈtʃɑ:lz/ n. (also 亦作 Charles's Law /ˈtʃɑ:lziz/) Chem.  the law stating that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature 【化】查理定律(认为在衡压下理想气体的体积与绝对温度成正比) [named after J. A. C. Charles, French scientist d. 1823, who first formulated it]

Charles's Wain /ˈtʃɑ:lziz/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  = PLOUGH 4  [Old English Carles wœgn ‘the wain of Carl’ (Charles the Great, Charlemagne), perhaps by association of the star Arcturus with legends of King Arthur and Charlemagne]

charleston /ˈtʃɑ:lst(ə)n, -lz-/ n. & v. (also 亦作 Charleston) ●n.  a lively dance of the 1920s with side-kicks from the knee 查尔斯顿舞(流行于 20 世纪 20 年代的一种活泼的舞蹈) ●v. intr.  dance the charleston 跳查尔斯顿舞 [named after Charleston, a city in S. Carolina, US]

charley horse /ˈtʃɑ:li/ n. N. Amer. slang  stiffness or a cramp in an arm or leg [北美] [俚语]肢体僵硬；抽筋，肌肉痉挛 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

Charlie /ˈtʃɑ:li/   查利 [人名]

charlie /ˈtʃɑ:li/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a fool 蠢人，笨蛋 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a woman's breasts (妇女的)乳房 [diminutive of the name Charles]

charlock /ˈtʃɑ:lɒk/ n.  a wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, with yellow flowers Also called 亦称作 field mustard 田芥菜(一种野生欧白芥属植物，开黄花) [Old English cerlic, of unknown origin]

Charlotte /ˈʃɑ:lət/   夏洛特 [人名]

charlotte /ˈʃɑ:lət/ n.  a pudding made of stewed fruit with a casing or layers or covering of bread, sponge cake, biscuits, or breadcrumbs 水果奶油布丁  apple charlotte  苹果奶油布丁 [French]

charlotte russe /ˈru:s/ n.  custard etc. enclosed in sponge cake or a casing of sponge fingers 俄式奶油布丁 [French, = Russian charlotte]

charm /tʃɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the power or quality of giving delight, arousing admiration, or influencing 使人喜悦的力量，令人羡慕的品质b  fascination, attractiveness 魅力，吸引力c (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an attractive or enticing quality 美貌，妩媚 2  a trinket on a bracelet etc. (手镯等上面的)小装饰物 3  a  an object, act, or word(s) supposedly having occult or magic power; a spell 咒符；魔法；咒语b  a thing worn to avert evil etc.; an amulet 护身符 4 Physics  a property of matter manifested by certain quarks 【物理学】粲，粲数 ●v. tr.  1  delight, captivate 使高兴，使陶醉  charmed by the performance  被演出陶醉了 2  influence or protect as if by magic 用魔力影响，用魔法保护  leads a charmed life  过着一种有魔法保护的生活 3  a  gain by charm 用魔力获得(得到)  charmed agreement out of him  用魔力得到他的同意b  influence by charm 用魔法影响  charmed her into consenting  用魔法使得她同意了 4  cast a spell on, bewitch 施魔力于，蛊惑 □ like a charm   perfectly, wonderfully 完美无缺地，极好地□ charmer  n.  可爱的人，迷人的人；巫士，术士 [Middle English via Old French charme, charmer from Latin carmen ‘song’]

charm bracelet n.  a bracelet hung with small trinkets (挂着小饰物的)手镯

charmeuse /ʃɑ:ˈmɜ:z/ n.  a soft smooth silky dress fabric 查米尤斯绉缎 [French, fem. of charmeur ‘charmer’ (as CHARM)]

charming /ˈtʃɑ:miŋ/ adj.  1  delightful, attractive, pleasing 令人高兴的，迷人的，可爱的 2 (often as 常作 int.) iron.  expressing displeasure or disapproval [讽]表示“不高兴”，“不赞成” □ charmingly  adv.  

charmless /ˈtʃɑ:mlis/ adj.  lacking charm; unattractive; ungracious 无魅力的；无吸引力的；不美的 □ charmlessly  adv.  □ charmlessness  n.  

charm offensive n.  the deliberate use of charm or cooperation in order to achieve a (usu. political) goal (通常为达到政治目的而施展的)魅力攻势；魅力合作

charnel house /ˈtʃɑ:n(ə)l/ n.  a house or vault in which dead bodies or bones are piled 尸骨存放所，藏骸所 [Middle English & Old French charnel ‘burying place’ via medieval Latin carnale from Late Latin carnalis CARNAL]

Charolais /ˈʃærə(ʊ)lei/ n. (also 亦作 Charollais) (pl. same 单复同)  1  an animal of a breed of large white beef cattle 夏洛来牛(一种肉用大白牛) 2  this breed 夏洛来牛种 [Monts du Charollais in E. France]

charpoy /ˈtʃɑ:pɔi/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a light bedstead [印英]轻便床架，吊床 [Hindustani chɑˉrpɑˉi]

charr var.  of CHAR4  CHAR4 的变体

chart /tʃɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a geographical map or plan, esp. for navigation by sea or air 地理图(尤指航海图、航空图) 2  a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram 图表，曲线(标绘)图 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a listing of the currently most popular records, esp. pop singles (尤指流行单曲唱片的)流行唱片选目 ●v. tr.  make a chart of, map 绘制…图表；绘制…地图 [French charte from Latin charta CARD1]

chartbuster /ˈtʃɑ:tbʌstə/ n. colloq.  a best-selling popular song, record, etc. [口]畅销的流行歌曲(唱片等)

charter /ˈtʃɑ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a written grant of rights, by the sovereign or legislature, esp. the creation of a borough, company, university, etc. (尤指君主或立法机构对成立自治镇、公司或大学等的)特许状b  a written constitution or description of an organization's functions etc. 宪章，(某机构的)章程 2  a contract to hire an aircraft, ship, etc., for a special purpose (飞机、轮船等的)包租契约，包租合同 3  = CHARTER PARTY  ●v. tr.  1  grant a charter to 给予特权；准许 2  hire (an aircraft, ship, etc.) 包租(飞机、轮船等) □ charterer  n.  租赁者，租船者 [Middle English via Old French chartre from Latin chartula, diminutive of charta CARD1]

chartered /ˈtʃɑ:təd/ adj. Brit. (of an accountant, engineer, librarian, etc.) qualified as a member of a professional body that has a royal charter [英] (指会计师、工程师、图书馆管理员等)合格的，特许的，持有特许状的

chartered libertine n. Brit.  a person allowed to do as he or she pleases [英]可以为所欲为的人

charter flight n.  a flight by a chartered aircraft 包机，乘包机飞行

Charter Mark n. (in the UK) an award granted to institutions for exceptional public service under the terms of the Citizen's Charter (英国) (依照公民章程授予在公众服务方面有特殊贡献的机构的)奖励

charter member n.  an original member of a society, corporation, etc. (社团、公司等的)创始成员

charter party n. (pl. -ies)  a deed between a shipowner and a merchant for the hire of a ship and the delivery of cargo (通过签订契约)租船；租船契约 [French charte partie from medieval Latin charta partita ‘divided charter, indenture’]

Chartism /ˈtʃɑ:tiz(ə)m/ n. hist.  the principles of the UK parliamentary reform movement of 1837 － 48 [史义]宪章主义(指 1837 至 1848 年英国的议会改革运动宪章运动的原则) □ Chartist  n.   [Latin charta charter + -ISM: name taken from the manifesto ‘People's Charter’]

chartreuse /ʃɑ:ˈtrɜ:z/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a pale green or yellow liqueur of brandy and aromatic herbs etc. 察吐士酒(用白兰地酒加芳香草药等制成的酒，呈黄或淡绿色) 2  the pale yellow or pale green colour of this 淡黄色，淡绿色 3  a dish of fruit enclosed in jelly etc. 牛奶水果冻 ●adj.  pale green or pale yellow 淡黄色的，淡绿色的 [La Grande Chartreuse (Carthusian monastery near Grenoble), where the liqueur was first made]

chart-topping attrib. adj.  occupying the first place in a chart of popular records etc. (流行唱片等)居排行榜榜首的 □ chart-topper  n.  

charwoman /ˈtʃɑ:wʊmən/ n. (pl. -women) Brit.  a woman employed as a cleaner in houses or offices [英]女清洁工

chary /ˈtʃɛəri/ adj. (charier, chariest)  1  cautious, wary 谨慎的，小心的，仔细的  chary of employing such people  雇佣这种人要谨慎 2  sparing; ungenerous 节约的；吝啬的  chary of giving praise  不轻易赞扬别人 3  shy 腼腆的 □ charily  adv.   [Old English cearig, related to CARE]

Charybdis  see 见 SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS 

Chas /tʃæz/   查斯 [人名]

Chas. abbr.  Charles [缩略]查尔斯

chase1 /tʃeis/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  pursue in order to catch 追赶，追逐；跟踪 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from, out of, to, etc.)  drive 驱逐，赶走 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 after)  hurry in pursuit of (a person) 匆匆追赶(某人)b (foll. by 后跟 round etc.) colloq.  act or move about hurriedly [口]奔跑，匆忙地走 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit. colloq.  pursue (overdue work, payment, etc. or the person responsible for it) [英口]追寻(责任人)；催促(延误的工作等)；追索(欠款等) 5 tr. colloq. [口]  a  try to attain 试图达到(或获得)b  court persistently and openly 追求，向…求爱 ●n.  1  pursuit 追逐，追赶；追求 2 Brit.  unenclosed hunting land [英]狩猎场 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  hunting, esp. as a sport 狩猎(尤指运动) 4  an animal etc. that is pursued 被追猎的动物 5  = STEEPLECHASE  □ go and chase oneself  (usu. in imper. 通常用祈使语气) Brit. colloq.  depart [英口]走开，别来捣乱 [Middle English from Old French chace chacier, ultimately from Latin capere ‘take’]

chase2 /tʃeis/ v. tr.  emboss or engrave (metal) 浮雕；镂刻(金属) [apparently from earlier enchase from Old French enchasser (as EN-1, CASE2)]

chase3 /tʃeis/ n. Printing  a metal frame holding composed type 【印刷】(活字版的)版框 [French chɑˆsse from Latin capsa CASE2]

chase4 /tʃeis/ n.  1  the part of a gun enclosing the bore 炮膛，炮前身 2  a trench or groove cut to receive a pipe etc. 沟，槽；管子槽 [French chas ‘enclosed space’ via Provençal ca(u)s from medieval Latin capsum ‘thorax, nave of a church’]

chaser /ˈtʃeisə/ n.  1  a person or thing that chases 追赶者(或物) 2  a horse for steeplechasing 障碍(或越野)赛马所用的马 3 colloq.  a drink taken after another of a different kind, e.g. spirits after beer [口] (喝完一种饮料后再喝的另一种)饮料(如啤酒之后再喝的酒精饮料)

chasm /ˈkæz(ə)m/ n.  1  a deep fissure or opening in the earth, rock, etc. (地面等的)陷窟；(岩石等的)裂缝 2  a wide difference of feeling, interests, etc.; a gulf (感情、兴趣等)巨大差距，巨大分歧；鸿沟 3 archaic  a hiatus [古义] (时间的)间隔，间隙 □ chasmic  adj.   [Latin chasma from Greek khasma ‘gaping hollow’]

chasse /ʃɑ:s, 法 ʃas/ n.  a liqueur taken after coffee etc. (饮咖啡后喝的)烈性甜酒 [French from chasser CHASE1]

chasseur sauce /ʃæˈsɜ:/ n.  a rich sauce with wine and mushrooms for serving esp. with poultry or game 猎人沙司(用葡萄酒和蘑菇等制作，尤与禽类或野味一起食用)

chassis /ˈʃæsi, -i:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-siz/)  1  the base frame of a motor vehicle, carriage, etc. (汽车、车厢等的)底盘，车架 2  a frame to carry radio etc. components (收音机等的)底盘，框架 [French chɑˆssis, ultimately from Latin capsa CASE2]

chassé /ˈʃæsei/ n. & v. ●n.  a gliding step in dancing 沙塞(芭蕾舞中的一种滑步动作) ●v. intr. (chasséd; chasséing)  make this step 做沙塞动作 [French, = chasing]

chaste /tʃeist/ adj.  1  abstaining from extramarital, or from all, sexual intercourse 贞洁的；禁欲的 2 (of behaviour, speech, etc.) pure, virtuous, decent (行为、言论等)纯洁的；正派的；高雅的 3 (of artistic etc. style) simple, unadorned (艺术等的风格)简洁的，朴实无华的 □ chastely  adv.  □ chasteness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin castus]

chasten /ˈtʃeis(ə)n/ v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 chastening, chastened adjs.)  subdue, restrain 抑制，禁止  a chastening experience  一种受遏制的感受 chastened by his failure  因失败而一蹶不振 2  discipline, punish 惩戒；惩罚 3  moderate 使和缓，节制 □ chastener  n.   [obsolete verb chaste via Old French chastier from Latin castigare CASTIGATE]

chaste tree n.  an ornamental shrub, Vitex agnus-castus, with blue or white flowers 淡紫花牡荆(一种装饰性牡荆属灌木，开蓝色或白色花)

chastise /tʃæˈstaiz/ v. tr.  1  rebuke or reprimand severely 申斥，责骂 2  punish, esp. by beating 惩戒；责罚(尤指责打) □ chastisement  /ˈtʃæstizm(ə)nt, -ˈtaizm(ə)nt/ n.  □ chastiser  n.   [Middle English, apparently formed irregularly from obsolete verbs chaste, chasty: see CHASTEN]

chastity /ˈtʃæstiti/ n.  1  being chaste 纯洁，正派 2  sexual abstinence; virginity 禁欲；贞洁，贞操 3  simplicity of style or taste (文体或情趣等)简洁，朴实无华 [Middle English via Old French chasteté from Latin castitas-tatis, from castus CHASTE]

chastity belt n. hist.  a woman's garment designed to prevent the wearer from having sexual intercourse [史义] (防止女人私通的)贞操带

chasuble /ˈtʃæzjʊb(ə)l/ n.  a loose sleeveless usu. ornate outer vestment worn by a priest celebrating Mass or the Eucharist 十字褡(神父行弥撒或圣餐礼时穿在最外层的宽松无袖长袍) [Middle English from Old French chesible, later -uble, ultimately from Latin casula ‘hooded cloak, little cottage’, diminutive of casa ‘cottage’]

chat1 /tʃæt/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (chatted, chatting)  talk in a light familiar way 闲谈，聊天 ●n.  1  informal conversation or talk 闲谈，聊天 2  an instance of this (一次)闲谈，(一次)聊天 □ chat up  colloq.  chat to, esp. flirtatiously or with an ulterior motive [口]与…调情；与…搭讪 [Middle English: shortening of CHATTER]

chat2 /tʃæt/ n.  any of various small birds with harsh calls, esp. a stonechat or whinchat or certain American or Australian warblers (声音嘶哑的)鸣禽 [probably imitative]

chateau /ˈʃætəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 chɑˆteau) (pl. -teaux pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /-təʊz/)  a large French country house or castle, often giving its name to wine made in its neighbourhood 法国庄园；法国城堡(通常以附近盛产的葡萄酒命名) [French from Old French chastel CASTLE]

chateaubriand /ˌʃætəʊbriˈjɒ˜/ n.  a thick fillet of beef steak 烤里脊牛排 [named after Vicomte de Chateaubriand (d.1848), French writer and statesman]

chatelaine /ˈʃætəlein/ n.  1  the mistress of a large house (庄园的)女主人 2 hist.  a set of short chains attached to a woman's belt, for carrying keys etc. [史义] (系于妇女腰间用于悬挂钥匙等的)链子，扣钩 [French chɑˆtelaine, fem. of chatelain ‘lord of a castle’, from medieval Latin castellanus CASTELLAN]

chatline /ˈtʃætlain/ n.  a telephone service which sets up conference calls esp. among young people (尤在年轻人中间的)电话聊天服务业务，聊天热线

chat show n. Brit.  a television or radio programme in which celebrities are interviewed informally [英] (电视或电台的)名人访谈节目

chattel /ˈtʃæt(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1 Law  any property other than freehold land, including tangible goods (chattels personal 动产) and leasehold interests (chattels real 准不动产) 【法律】动产及准不动产 2 (in general use) a personal possession (通常指)个人财产 [Middle English from Old French chatel: see CATTLE]

chattel mortgage n. N. Amer.  the conveyance of chattels by mortgage as security for a debt [北美]动产抵押

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  talk quickly, incessantly, trivially, or indiscreetly 喋喋不休地说，饶舌 2 (of a bird, monkey, etc.) emit short quick sounds (鸟等)吱吱叫；(猴子等)唧唧叫 3 (of the teeth) click repeatedly together (usu. from cold) (牙齿因寒冷而)打战 4 (of a tool) clatter from vibration (工具因震颤而)嗒嗒作响 ●n.  1  chattering talk or sounds 唠唠叨叨的话；吱吱的声响 2  the vibration of a tool (工具的)震颤声 □ the chattering classes  Brit. joc.  intellectuals as a social group [英诙]知识分子阶层□ chatterer  n.  □ chattery  adj.   [Middle English: imitative]

chatterbox /ˈtʃætəbɒks/ n.  a talkative person 唠唠叨叨的人，爱饶舌的人

chatty /ˈtʃæti/ adj. (chattier, chattiest)  1  fond of chatting; talkative 爱闲聊的；爱说话的 2  resembling chat; informal and lively 聊天式的；随便而愉快的  a chatty letter  一封闲话家常般的信 □ chattily  adv.  □ chattiness  n.  

chat-up n. colloq.  an instance of chatting a person up [口]搭讪；攀谈 often 常作 attrib.: chat-up lines  聊天热线

Chaucerian /tʃɔ:ˈsiəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the English poet Chaucer (d. 1400) or his style (英国诗人)乔叟式的；具有乔叟文风的 ●n.  a student of Chaucer 研究乔叟的专家

chaud-froid /ʃəʊˈfrwɑ:/ n.  a dish of cold cooked meat or fish in jelly or sauce (覆盖了肉冻或沙司的)酱汁肉；冷盘鱼 [French from chaud ‘hot’ + froid ‘cold’]

chauffeur /ˈʃəʊfə, ʃəʊˈfɜ:/ n. & v. ●n. (fem. chauffeuse /-ˈfɜ:z/)  a person employed to drive a private or hired motor car (受雇于私人或租用汽车的)汽车司机 ●v. tr.  drive (a car or a passenger) as a chauffeur 开汽车；开汽车送 [French, = stoker]

chaulmoogra /tʃɔ:lˈmu:ɡrə/ n.  any of several tropical Asian trees of the family Flacourtiaceae, esp. Hydnocarpus kurzii, with seeds yielding an oil formerly used to treat skin diseases 大风子(热带亚洲大风子科植物，其种子榨出的油曾用于治疗皮肤病) [Bengali]

chautauqua /tʃɔ:ˈtɔ:kwə, ʃ-/ n. N. Amer. hist.  an institution that provided popular adult education courses and entertainment in the late 19th － early 20th c. [北美史义]肖托夸夏季教育集会(流行于 19 世纪后期至 20 世纪初期，其特点是把教育与娱乐结合起来) [Chautauqua in New York State, where such courses were held]

chauvinism /ˈʃəʊv(i)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  exaggerated or aggressive patriotism 沙文主义 2  excessive or prejudiced support or loyalty for one's cause or group or sex 本团体第一主义；本性别第一主义  male chauvinism  大男子主义 [named after N. Chauvin, a Napoleonic veteran popularized as a character in the Cogniards' Cocarde Tricolore (1831)]

chauvinist /ˈʃəʊv(i)nist/ n.  1  a person exhibiting chauvinism 沙文主义者 2 (in full 全称 male chauvinist)  a man showing excessive loyalty to men and prejudice against women 大男子主义者 □ chauvinistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ chauvinistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

Ch.B. abbr.  Bachelor of Surgery [缩略]外科学士 [Latin Chirurgiae Baccalaureus]

cheap /tʃi:p/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  low in price; worth more than its cost 廉价的，便宜的；合算的  a cheap holiday  花钱少的假日 cheap labour  廉价劳动 2  charging low prices; offering good value 要价低的；实惠的  a cheap restaurant  价格低廉的饭馆 3  of poor quality; inferior 劣质的；低劣的  cheap housing  劣质住房 4  a  costing little effort or acquired by discreditable means and hence of little worth 不费力气的，用不正当手段得到的，无价值的  cheap popularity  平庸的声望 a cheap joke  低级的玩笑b  contemptible; despicable 卑鄙的；可鄙的  a cheap criminal  可鄙的罪犯 5 N. Amer. colloq.  stingy [北美口]吝啬的，小气的 ●adv.  cheaply 廉价地，便宜地  got it cheap  买得便宜 □ cheap and cheerful  Brit.  inexpensive but not unattractive [英]价廉物美□ cheap and nasty  Brit.  of low cost and bad quality [英]价格便宜但质量低劣□ dirt cheap   very cheap 非常便宜□ feel cheap   feel ashamed or contemptible 感到惭愧；感到可鄙□ on the cheap   cheaply 便宜地□ cheapish  adj.  □ cheaply  adv.  □ cheapness  n.   [obsolete phrase good cheap ‘a good bargain’, from Old English cēap ‘barter’, ultimately from Latin caupo ‘innkeeper’]

cheapen /ˈtʃi:p(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become cheap or cheaper; depreciate, degrade 使便宜；使贬值；使降级

cheapie /ˈʃi:pi/ n. & adj. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n.  a cheap product 便宜货，廉价品 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  cheap 便宜的，廉价的

cheapjack /ˈtʃi:pdʒæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a seller of inferior goods at low prices 专售廉价品者 ●adj.  inferior, shoddy 劣质的，廉价的 [CHEAP + JACK1]

cheapo /ˈtʃi:pəʊ/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) slang  cheap [俚语]便宜的

cheapskate /ˈtʃi:pskeit/ n. colloq.  a stingy or parsimonious person; a miser [口]吝啬鬼；小气鬼 [CHEAP + skate ‘a worn-out horse; a mean, contemptible, or dishonest person’ (19th c.: origin unknown)]

cheat /tʃi:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 into, out of)  deceive or trick 欺骗；哄骗；骗取  cheated into parting with his savings  哄骗他花掉了他的积蓄b (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of 剥夺，使丧失  cheated of a chance to reply  使丧失了复信的机会 2 intr.  gain unfair advantage by deception or breaking rules, esp. in a game or examination 行骗；(尤指在游戏或考试中)作弊 3 tr.  avoid (something undesirable) by luck or skill (幸运或狡黠地)逃避，逃脱  cheated the bad weather  躲过了坏天气 4 tr. archaic  divert attention from, beguile (time, tedium, etc.) [古义]转移(注意力)；消磨(时间等)；消除(厌烦等) ●n.  1  a person who cheats 骗子 2  a trick, fraud, or deception 欺骗，骗局，诡计 3  an act of cheating 欺诈行为 □ cheat on  colloq.  be sexually unfaithful to [口] (在男女关系上)表现不忠 [Middle English chete from achete, variant of ESCHEAT]

cheater /ˈtʃi:tə/ n.  1  a person who cheats 骗子 2 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. slang  spectacles [北美] [俚语]眼镜

Chechen /ˈtʃetʃen/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -s or same 单复同)  a member of a Muslim Caucasian people inhabiting Chechnya, an autonomous republic in SE Russia 车臣人(车臣为俄罗斯东南部一自治共和国) ●adj.  of or relating to this people 车臣人的 [from obsolete Russian chechen (modern Russian chechenets)]

check1 /tʃek/ v., n. & int. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  examine the accuracy, quality, or condition of 检查，核对，查对b (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  make sure; verify; establish to one's satisfaction 查明；核实  checked that the doors were locked  看看门是否都锁了 checked the train times  核实火车的时间 2 tr.  a  stop or slow the motion of; curb, restrain 使停止运动，使减慢速度；控制，抑制  progress was checked by bad weather  因天气不好而进度减慢b colloq.  find fault with; rebuke [口]挑剔；责备，斥责 3 tr. Chess  move a piece into a position that directly threatens (the opposing king) 【棋类】将军(指直接威胁对方的将或帅) 4 intr. US  agree or correspond when compared [美] (经查对)相符，相一致 5 tr. US  mark with a tick etc. [美]打对钩，标对号 6 tr. N. Amer.  deposit (luggage etc.) for storage or dispatch [北美]寄存(行李等)；托运(行李等) 7 intr. (of hounds) pause to ensure or regain scent (猎犬)停下来辨别臭迹 ●n.  1  a means or act of testing or ensuring accuracy, quality, satisfactory condition, etc. (对准确性、质量、满意程度等的)核对，检查，查对 2  a  a stopping or slowing of motion; a restraint on action 停止；减速；抑制b  a rebuff or rebuke 制止，遏制；指责，斥责c  a person or thing that restrains 制止者；遏制物 3 (also as 亦作 int.) Chess 【棋类】  a  the exposure of a king to direct attack from an opposing piece 被将军的局面b  an announcement of this by the attacking player (进攻一方宣布)将军 4 US  a bill in a restaurant [美] (餐馆的)账单 5 (in full 全称 baggage or luggage check) esp. N. Amer.  a token of identification for left luggage etc. [尤北美] (行李等的)寄物牌，存放证 6 US Cards  a counter used in various games [美]【牌戏】(牌戏时使用的)筹码 7  a temporary loss of the scent in hunting (打猎时)臭迹中断 8  a crack or flaw in timber (木材的)裂缝，裂口 ●int. N. Amer. colloq.  expressing assent or agreement [北美口]好，行 □ check in   1  arrive or register at a hotel, airport, etc. (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到 2  record the arrival of 记录(报到情况)□ check into   register one's arrival at (a hotel etc.) 登记住进(旅馆等)□ check off   mark on a list etc. as having been examined or dealt with (经核对后在登记单等上)作记号(如打对钩)□ check on   examine carefully or in detail; ascertain the truth about; keep a watch on (a person, work done, etc.) (仔细)检查；证实(某事真实)；监督(某人或工作)□ check out   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  leave a hotel etc. with due formalities (从旅馆等)结账离开，办妥手续离去 2 colloq.  investigate; examine for authenticity or suitability [口]调查；检查；察看 3 N. Amer. slang  die [北美] [俚语]完蛋，死□ check over   examine for errors; verify 检查，察看；核实，证实□ check through   inspect or examine exhaustively; verify successive items of 详尽地检查；逐项检查；核实□ check up   ascertain, verify, make sure 检查；核实；查明，确定□ check up on   = check on □ in check   under control, restrained 受控制的(地)；受限制的(地)□ checkable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French eschequier ‘play chess, give check to’, and Old French eschec, ultimately from Persian šɑˉh ‘king’]

check2 /tʃek/ n.  1  a pattern of small squares 格子图案，格子花样 2  fabric having this pattern 格子图案织物，格子布 3 (作 attrib.)  so patterned 有格子图案的 [Middle English, probably from CHEQUER]

check3 US var.  of CHEQUE [美] CHEQUE 的变体

checked /tʃekt/ adj.  having a check pattern 有格子图案的，有格子花的

checker1 /ˈtʃekə/ n.  1  a person or thing that verifies or examines, esp. in a factory etc. (尤指工厂等的)检验员，审核员；核对物 2 US  a cashier in a supermarket etc. [美] (超市等的)收款员

checker2 /ˈtʃekə/ n.  1 var.  of CHEQUER CHEQUER 的变体 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the game of draughts 跳棋，西洋跳棋b  = CHECKERMAN 

checkerberry /ˈtʃekəberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a N. American creeping evergreen shrub, Gaultheria procumbens, with spiny scented leaves and white flowers ; also called 亦称作 wintergreen 平铺白珠树(一种北美白珠树属常青蔓生灌木，其树叶具刺有香味，开白色花) 2  the edible red fruit of this plant (平铺白珠树的)红色浆果 [checkers ‘berries of the service tree’ (from their colour)]

checkerboard US var.  of CHEQUERBOARD [美] CHEQUERBOARD 的变体

checkerman /ˈtʃekəmæn/ n. (pl. -men) N. Amer.  each of the pieces in a game of draughts [北美]西洋跳棋棋子

check-in n.  the act or place of checking in 登记(住旅馆)；(旅馆)登记处

checking account /ˈtʃekiŋ/ n. US  a current account at a bank [美]支票活期存款账户 [CHECK3]

checklist /ˈtʃeklist/ n.  a list for reference and verification (核对时使用的)一览表

checkmate /ˈtʃekmeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also as 亦作 int.) Chess 【棋类】  a  check from which a king cannot escape 将死，将(对手的“王”)b  an announcement of this 将军(将死对手的呼叫) 2  a final defeat or deadlock 彻底失败；僵局 ●v. tr.  1 Chess  put into checkmate 【棋类】把(对手的“王”)将死 2  defeat; frustrate 挫败；制止 [Middle English via Old French eschec mat from Persian šɑˉh mɑˉt ‘the king is dead’]

checkout /ˈtʃekaʊt/ n.  1  an act of checking out 结账离开 2  a point at which goods are paid for in a supermarket etc. (超市等的)付款台

checkpoint /ˈtʃekpɔint/ n.  a place, esp. a barrier or manned entrance, where documents, vehicles, etc., are inspected (证件、车辆等的)边防检查站；公路检查站

check-rein n.  a rein attaching one horse's rein to another's bit, or preventing a horse from lowering its head (为防止马低头而拴在挽具上的)短缰绳

checkroom /ˈtʃekru:m, -rʊm/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a cloakroom in a hotel or theatre (旅馆或剧场的)衣帽间 2  an office for left luggage etc. (车站等的)行李寄存处

check sum n.  a digit representing the sum of the digits in a digital signal and transmitted with it as a check against errors (代表数字信号中数字总和并随之发射以)核对错误的数字

check-up n.  a thorough (esp. medical) examination 彻底检查(尤指体检)

check valve n.  a valve allowing flow in one direction only 止回阀，单向阀

Cheddar /ˈtʃedə/ n.  a kind of firm smooth yellow, white, or orange cheese originally made in Cheddar but now widely imitated 切达干酪(一种白、黄或橘红色硬质干酪，原产于英国切达) [Cheddar, a village in SW England]

cheek /tʃi:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the side of the face below the eye 面颊，脸蛋b  the side wall of the mouth 嘴的内侧 2  a  impertinent speech 冒失(莽撞)的话b  impertinence; cool confidence 无礼的行为；厚脸皮  had the cheek to ask for more  竟有脸想多要一些 3 slang  either buttock [俚语]半边屁股 4  a  either of the side posts of a door etc. (门等的)边柱b  either of the jaws of a vice (虎钳的)夹口，钳嘴c  either of the side pieces of various parts of machines arranged in lateral pairs (机器上)两侧成对的部件 ●v. tr.  speak impertinently to 无礼(或粗鲁)地对…讲话 □ cheek by jowl   close together; intimate 紧靠在一起；亲密地□ turn the other cheek   accept attack etc. meekly; refuse to retaliate 甘受侮辱； (挨揍后)把另一侧面颊凑过去 [Old English cē(a)ce, cēoce]

cheekbone /ˈtʃi:kbəʊn/ n.  the bone below the eye; the zygomatic bone 颧骨

cheeky /ˈtʃi:ki/ adj. (cheekier, cheekiest)  impertinent, impudent 无礼的，莽撞的；厚颜无耻的 □ cheekily  adv.  □ cheekiness  n.  

cheep /tʃi:p/ n. & v. ●n.  the weak shrill cry of a young bird (小鸟的)吱吱的叫声 ●v. intr.  make such a cry (小鸟等)吱吱地叫 [imitative: cf. PEEP2]

cheer /tʃiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shout of encouragement or applause 欢呼，喝彩 2  mood, disposition 心情，情绪；性情  full of good cheer  心情欢畅 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; as 作 int.) colloq. [口]  a  expressing good wishes before drinking or Brit. before parting (祝酒用语)干杯；[英] (告别用语)再会b esp. Brit.  expressing gratitude [尤英]谢谢 ●v.  1 tr.  a  applaud with shouts 向…欢呼，为…喝彩b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  urge or encourage with shouts 用欢呼声督促(或激励) 2 intr.  shout for joy 欢呼，喝彩 3 tr.  gladden; comfort 使高兴；安慰 □ cheer up   make or become less depressed (使)振作起来□ three cheers   three successive hurrahs for a person or thing honoured (对人或事物)欢呼三声 [Middle English, in the sense ‘face, expression, mood’, via Anglo-French chere, Old French chiere and Late Latin cara ‘face’ from Greek kara ‘head’]

cheerful /ˈtʃiəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  in good spirits, noticeably happy 欢乐的，兴高采烈的  a cheerful disposition  欢乐的性格 2  bright, pleasant 明亮的，使人愉快的  a cheerful room  使人愉快的房间 3  willing, not reluctant 乐意的，心甘情愿的 □ cheerfully  adv.  □ cheerfulness  n.  

cheerio /tʃiəriˈəʊ/ int. Brit. colloq.  expressing good wishes on parting or archaic before drinking [英口] (分别时表达良好祝愿)再见；[古义] (为你的健康)干杯

cheerleader /ˈtʃiəli:də/ n.  a person who leads cheers of applause etc. (领头喝彩、欢呼等的)啦啦队长

cheerless /ˈtʃiəlis/ adj.  gloomy, dreary, miserable 阴郁的，凄凉的；悲惨的 □ cheerlessly  adv.  □ cheerlessness  n.  

cheerly /ˈtʃiəli/ adv. & adj. ●adv. esp. Naut.  heartily, with a will (尤)【海】精神饱满地，起劲地 ●adj. archaic  cheerful [古义]欢乐的，愉快的

cheery /ˈtʃiəri/ adj. (cheerier, cheeriest)  lively; in good spirits; genial, cheering 活泼的；兴高采烈的；欢快的，高兴的 □ cheerily  adv.  □ cheeriness  n.  

cheese1 /tʃi:z/ n.  1  a  a food made from the pressed curds of milk 干酪，奶酪b  a complete cake of this with rind (有硬皮的完整块)干酪，奶酪 2 Brit.  a conserve having the consistency of soft cheese [英] (带有奶酪黏汁的)蜜饯  lemon cheese  柠檬酪 3  a round flat object, e.g. the heavy flat wooden disc used in skittles 扁圆的东西(如撞柱游戏中的扁柱) □ hard cheese  Brit. slang  bad luck [英] [俚语]噩运，倒霉 [Old English cēse, ultimately from Latin caseus]

cheese2 /tʃi:z/ v. tr. slang [俚语] (usu. as 通常作 cheesed adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  exasperate 激怒，使烦恼，使气恼 □ cheese it   1 Brit. archaic  stop it, leave off [英古义]停下，住手 2 US  look out; run away [美]当心；快逃跑 [19th c.: origin unknown]

cheese3 /tʃi:z/ n. (also 亦作 big cheese) slang  an important person [俚语]重要人物，要人 [perhaps from Hindustani chīz thing]

cheeseboard /ˈtʃi:zbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board from which cheese is served (餐桌上盛奶酪的)干酪板 2  a selection of cheeses 供选购的奶酪

cheeseburger /ˈtʃi:zbɜ:ɡə/ n.  a beefburger with a slice of cheese on it, usu. served in a roll (上面有一片干酪的)干酪汉堡包

cheesecake /ˈtʃi:zkeik/ n.  1  a tart filled with sweetened curds etc. 奶酪饼 2 slang  the portrayal of women in a sexually attractive manner [俚语]性感的女人像

cheesecloth /ˈtʃi:zklɒθ/ n.  thin loosely woven cloth, used originally for wrapping cheese 干酪包布(一种薄纱织物)

cheese-cutter n.  1  a knife with a broad curved blade 干酪切刀 2  a device for cutting cheese by pulling a wire through it 钢丝切干酪器

cheese-fly n. (pl. -flies)  a small black fly, Piophila casei, breeding in cheese 酪蝇(一种在奶酪中繁殖的黑色小苍蝇)

cheese-head n. Brit.  a type of screw head shaped like a squat cylinder [英] (螺钉、铆钉等的)圆头

cheesemaker /ˈtʃi:zmeikə/ n.  a maker of cheese 干酪制作者 □ cheesemaking  n.  

cheese-mite n.  any mite of the genus Tyroglyphus feeding on cheese 干酪螨虫(粉螨属昆虫)

cheesemonger /ˈtʃi:zmʌŋɡə/ n. Brit.  a dealer in cheese, butter, etc. [英]乳制品商，干酪商

cheese-paring adj. & n. ●adj.  stingy 吝啬的，小气的 ●n.  stinginess 吝啬，小气 □ cheese-pare  v. tr. & intr.  

cheese plant n.  = SWISS CHEESE PLANT 

cheese-skipper n.  = CHEESE-FLY 

cheese straw n.  a thin cheese-flavoured strip of pastry 干酪酥条

cheesewood /ˈtʃi:zwʊd/ n.  1  an Australian tree of the genus Pittosporum 二色海桐花(海桐花属乔木，产于澳大利亚) 2  its hard yellowish wood 二色海桐花木材

cheesy /ˈtʃi:zi/ adj. (cheesier, cheesiest)  1  like cheese in taste, smell, appearance, etc. 似干酪的，干酪味的 2 slang  corny, tacky [俚语]过时的，讨厌的 □ cheesiness  n.  

cheetah /ˈtʃi:tə/ n.  a swift-running feline, Acinonyx jubatus, with a leopard-like spotted coat 猎豹(一种善于奔跑的猫科动物，身上有豹一样的花斑) [Hindi cītɑˉ, perhaps from Sanskrit citraka ‘speckled’]

chef /ʃef/ n.  a cook, esp. the chief cook in a restaurant etc. 厨师(尤指餐馆里的厨师长) [French, = head]

chef-d'œuvre /ʃɛiˈdɜ:vr(ə), 法 ʃɛdœvr/ n. (pl. chefs-d'œuvre pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a masterpiece 杰作 [French, = chief (piece of) work]

cheiro- comb. form var.  of CHIRO- [构词成分] CHIRO- 的变体

Chekhovian /tʃeˈkəʊviən/ adj.  of or characteristic of the work of Anton Chekhov (d. 1904), esp. in attaching dramatic and symbolic significance to detail (俄国作家)契诃夫式的；契诃夫作品风格的

chela1 /ˈki:lə/ n. (pl. chelae /-li:/)  a prehensile claw of crabs, lobsters, scorpions, etc. (蟹、龙虾、蝎等的)钳爪，螯 [modern Latin from Latin chele, or Greek khēlē ‘claw’]

chela2 /ˈtʃeilə/ n. (pl. chelas) (esp. in Hinduism) a disciple; a pupil (尤指印度教的)弟子，门徒 [Hindi, = servant]

chelate /ˈki:leit/ n., adj. & v. ●n. Chem.  a usu. organometallic compound containing a ligand which bonds to a central atom at two or more points 【化】螯合物 ●adj.  1 Chem.  of, involving, or able to form a chelate 【化】螯合的，螯形的 2 Zool. & Anat.  of or having chelae 【动】【解】似螯的；有螯的 ●v. intr. Chem.  form a chelate 【化】使生成螯合物 □ chelation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [CHELA1 + -ATE1’2]

chelicerate /kəˈlisəreit, -(ə)rət/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the subphylum Chelicerata of arthropods with a pair of appendages modified as pincer-like jaws 螯肢的；有螯肢的(指有螯肢亚门动物身体前部的一对钳状附器) ●n.  a chelicerate anthropod, e.g. an arachnid 有螯肢的节肢动物(如蛛形纲动物) [modern Latin Chelicerata, from Greek khēlē ‘claw’ + keras ‘horn’ + -ATE1]

Chellean /ˈʃeliən/ adj. Archaeol. 【考古】  = ABBEVILLIAN  [French chelléen from Chelles near Paris]

chelonian /kiˈləʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any reptile of the order Chelonia, including turtles, terrapins, and tortoises, having a shell of bony plates covered with horny scales 海龟，乌龟(龟鳖目爬行动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 海龟的，海龟科的 [modern Latin Chelonia from Greek khelōnē ‘tortoise’]

Chelsea bun /ˈtʃelsi/ n. Brit.  a kind of currant bun in the form of a flat spiral [英] (涂糖霜的)切尔西葡萄干圆面包 [Chelsea in London]

Chelsea pensioner /ˈtʃelsi/ n. (in the UK) an inmate of the Chelsea Royal Hospital for old or disabled soldiers (英国)切尔西皇家老残军人休养院的养老者

Chelsea ware /ˈtʃelsi/ n.  any of various soft-paste porcelains made at Chelsea in the 18th c. (18 世纪烧制的)切尔西瓷器

chemi- /ˈkemi/ comb. form var.  of CHEMO- [构词成分] CHEMO- 的变体

chemical /ˈkemik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, made by, or employing chemistry or chemicals 化学的；用化学品制作的；采用化学方法的 ●n.  a substance obtained or used in chemistry 化学制品，化学品 □ chemically  adv.   [chemic ‘alchemic’, via French chimique or modern Latin chimicus, chymicus from medieval Latin alchymicus: see ALCHEMY]

chemical bond n.  an interaction by which atoms are held together in a molecule or crystal 化学键

chemical engineer n.  an engineer specializing in the design and operation of industrial chemical plants 化学工程师 □ chemical engineering  n.  

chemical reaction n.  a process that involves change in the structure of atoms, molecules, or ions 化学反应

chemical warfare n.  warfare using poison gas and other chemicals 化学战争

chemical weapon n.  a weapon depending for its effect on the release of a toxic or noxious substance 化学武器

chemico- /ˈkemikəʊ/ comb. form  chemical; chemical and (chemico-physical 化学及物理学的) [构词成分]化学的；化学及…的

chemiluminescence /ˌkemiˌlu:miˈnes(ə)ns, -ˌlju:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n.  the emission of light during a chemical reaction 化学发光(化学反应过程中放射出的光) □ chemiluminescent  adj.   [German Chemilumineszenz (as CHEMI-, LUMINESCENCE)]

chemin de fer /ʃəˌmã də ˈfɛə/ n.  a form of baccarat 一种巴卡拉纸牌游戏 [French, = railway, literally ‘road of iron’]

chemise /ʃəˈmi:z/ n.  a woman's loose-fitting undergarment or dress hanging straight from the shoulders 女式无袖宽内衣；(直筒式)宽松连衣裙 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin camisia ‘shirt’]

chemisorption /kemiˈsɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ n.  adsorption by chemical bonding 化学吸附 [CHEMI- + ADSORPTION (see ADSORB)]

chemist /ˈkemist/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a dealer in medicinal drugs, usu. also selling other medical goods and toiletries 药商(通常兼营其他药品和化妆品)b  an authorized dispenser of medicines 药剂师 2  a person practising or trained in chemistry 化学家，化学师 [earlier chymist, via French chimiste from modern Latin chimista, from alchimista ALCHEMIST (see ALCHEMY)]

chemistry /ˈkemistri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the study of the elements and the compounds they form and the reactions they undergo 化学 2  the chemical composition and properties of a substance (物质的)化学组成(或特性) 3  any complex (esp. emotional) change or process (尤指情感)复杂的变化(或过程)  the chemistry of fear  恐惧的复杂过程 4 colloq. [口]  a  a person's personality or temperament (人的)气质，性格，特质b  the attraction or interaction between people 人际感情，(人与人之间的)吸引力

chemo- /ˈki:məʊ, ˈkeməʊ/ comb. form (also 亦作 chemi- /ˈkemi/)  chemical [构词成分]化学的

chemoreceptor /ˈki:məʊriseptə/ n. Biol.  a sensory organ responsive to chemical stimuli 【生】化学感受器(指人体内能够接受化学刺激物的受体，如末梢神经、感知器官等)

chemosynthesis /ki:mə(ʊ)ˈsinθisis/ n.  the synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical reactions (有机化合物的)化学合成

chemotherapy /ki:mə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi, kem-/ n.  the treatment of disease, esp. cancer, by use of chemical substances (尤指使用化学物质对癌症的)化学疗法，化学治疗 □ chemotherapist  n.  

chemurgy /ˈkemɜ:dʒi/ n. US  the chemical and industrial use of organic raw materials [美]农业化工，农产制造化学 □ chemurgic  /-ˈmɜ:dʒik/ adj.   [CHEMO-, after metallurgy]

chenille /ʃəˈni:l/ n.  1  a tufty velvety cord or yarn, used in trimming furniture etc. (装饰家具等使用的)绳绒线，雪尼尔花线 2  fabric made from this 绳绒织物 [French, = hairy caterpillar, from Latin canicula, diminutive of canis ‘dog’]

cheongsam /tʃiɒŋˈsæm, tʃɒŋ-/ n.  a woman's garment with a high neck and slit skirt, worn in China 旗袍 [Chinese]

cheque /tʃek/ n. (US [美] check)  1  a written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from the drawer's account 支票 2  the printed form on which such an order is written (印制的)空白支票 [special use of CHECK1 to mean ‘device for checking the amount of an item’]

chequebook /ˈtʃekbʊk/ n.  a book of forms for writing cheques 支票簿

chequebook journalism n.  the payment of large sums for exclusive rights to material for (esp. personal) newspaper stories 支票簿新闻报防(指支付一大笔钱买下独家使用新闻故事素材的权利)

cheque card n. Brit.  a card issued by a bank to guarantee the honouring of cheques up to a stated amount [英] (银行)支票保付限额卡

chequer /ˈtʃekə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 checker) ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a pattern of squares often alternately coloured (交错颜色的)方格图案 2 (in pl. 用复数) (usu. as 通常作 checkers) US  the game of draughts [美]跳棋，西洋跳棋 ●v. tr.  1  mark with chequers 使呈方格图案 2  variegate; break the uniformity of 使色彩斑斓；使交错，使多样化 3 (as 作 chequered adj.)  with varied fortunes 好运与噩运交替的  a chequered career  荣辱兴衰的事业 [Middle English from EXCHEQUER]

chequerboard /ˈtʃekəbɔ:d/ n. (US [美] checkerboard)  1  a chessboard 象棋棋盘；西洋跳棋棋盘 2  a pattern resembling it 棋盘式图案

chequered flag n. Motor Racing  a flag with a black and white chequered pattern, displayed to drivers at the moment of finishing a race 【赛车】方格旗(在一场比赛结束时向赛车手展示的一面有黑白两色方格图案的旗子)

Cherenkov radiation var.  of CERENKOV RADIATION  CERENKOV RADIATION 的变体

cherish /ˈtʃeriʃ/ v. tr.  1  protect or tend (a child, plant, etc.) lovingly 珍爱，爱护(孩子、植物等) 2  hold dear, cling to (hopes, feelings, etc.) 珍视；抱有(希望、感情等) [Middle English from Old French cherir, from cher, from Latin carus ‘dear’]

chernozem /ˈtʃɜ:nəzem/ n.  a fertile black soil rich in humus, found in temperate regions, esp. S. Russia Also called 亦称作 black earth 黑钙土(尤指俄罗斯南部温带地区的土壤) [Russian, from chernyĭ ‘black’ + zemlya ‘earth’]

Cherokee /tʃerəˈki:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an American Indian tribe formerly inhabiting much of the southern US 彻罗基部落(原居住于美国南方大部分地区)b  a member of this tribe 彻罗基人 2  the language of this tribe 彻罗基语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Cherokees or their language 彻罗基人的；彻罗基语的 [Cherokee tsaliki]

Cherokee rose n.  a fragrant white rose, Rosa laevigata, of the southern US 金樱子(产于美国南部的一种芳香的白玫瑰花)

cheroot /ʃəˈru:t/ n.  a cigar with both ends open 方头雪茄烟 [French cheroute from Tamil shuruttu ‘roll’]

cherry /ˈtʃeri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a small soft round stone fruit 樱桃b (also 亦作 cherry tree)  any of several trees of the genus Prunus bearing this or grown for their ornamental flowers 樱桃树(樱桃属植物，结樱桃或仅开花供观赏) 2  = CHERRYWOOD  3 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  virginity 处女，童贞b  the hymen 处女膜 4  a bright deep red colour 樱桃色，鲜红色 ●adj.  of a bright deep red colour 樱桃色的，鲜红色的 [Middle English via Old Norman French cherise (taken as pl.: cf. PEA) from medieval Latin ceresia, perhaps via Latin from Greek kerasos]

cherry brandy n.  a dark red liqueur of brandy in which cherries have been steeped 樱桃白兰地

cherry laurel n. Brit.  a small evergreen tree, Prunus laurocerasus, with white flowers and cherry-like fruits [英]桂樱(一种矮小的月桂樱属常青树木，开白花，果实像樱桃)

cherry-pick v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  pick (the best) from a group (从一组中)挑选(最优者)

cherry picker n. colloq.  a hydraulic crane with a railed platform at the end, for raising and lowering people working on overhead lighting, cables, high windows, etc. [口]移动升降台，樱桃式起重机(用于运送工人修理高空电灯、电缆、窗户等)

cherry pie n.  1  a pie made with cherries 樱桃馅饼 2  a garden heliotrope 天芥菜；柳叶菜

cherry plum n.  1  a tree, Prunus cerasifera, native to SW Asia, with solitary white flowers and red fruits 樱桃李树(樱桃属植物，原产地为亚洲西南部地区，开单生白花，结红色果实) 2  the fruit of this tree 樱桃李

cherry red n. & adj. ●n.  = CHERRYn. 4  ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  = CHERRYadj. 

cherry tomato n.  a miniature tomato with a strong flavour 樱桃西红柿

cherrywood /ˈtʃeriwʊd/ n.  the wood of the cherry 樱桃木

chersonese /kɜ:səˈni:s, -z/ n.  a peninsula, esp. the Thracian peninsula west of the Hellespont 半岛(尤指 Hellespont 西部的 Thracian 半岛) [Latin chersonesus from Greek khersonēsos, from khersos ‘dry’ + nēsos ‘island’]

chert /tʃɜ:t/ n.  a flintlike form of quartz composed of chalcedony 燧石，黑硅石 □ cherty  adj.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

cherub /ˈtʃerəb/ n.  1 (pl. cherubim /-bim/)  an angelic being of the second order of the celestial hierarchy 二级天使(九级天使中的第二级) 2  a  a representation of a winged child or the head of a winged child 小天使(有翅膀的孩子的塑像或头像)b  a beautiful or innocent child 美丽的儿童；天真的儿童 □ cherubic  /tʃiˈru:bik/ adj.  □ cherubically  /tʃiˈru:bik(ə)li/ adv.   [Old English cherubin, ultimately from Hebrew kĕrūb, pl. kĕrūbîm]

chervil /ˈtʃɜ:vil/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Anthriscus cerefolium, with small white flowers, used as a herb for flavouring soup, salads, etc. 雪维菜，细叶芹菜(伞形科植物，开白色小花，用作汤汁、色拉等的调味品) [Old English cerfille via Latin chaerephylla from Greek khairephullon]

Cheryl /ˈtʃerəl/   谢里尔 [人名]

Ches. abbr. [缩略]  Cheshire 

Cheshire /ˈtʃeʃə/ n.  a kind of firm crumbly cheese, originally made in Cheshire 柴郡干酪 □ like a Cheshire cat   with a broad fixed grin (像柴郡猫一样)咧着嘴傻笑 [Cheshire, a county in England]

chess /tʃes/ n.  a game for two with 16 men each, played on a chessboard 国际象棋 [Middle English from Old French esches, pl. of eschec CHECK1]

chessboard /ˈtʃesbɔ:d/ n.  a chequered board of 64 squares on which chess and draughts are played 国际象棋棋盘；西洋跳棋棋盘

chessman /ˈtʃesmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  any of the 32 pieces and pawns with which chess is played 国际象棋棋子

chess set n.  a set of chessmen with a chessboard (带棋盘的)一套棋子

chest /tʃest/ n.  1  a large strong box, esp. for storage or transport (尤指存放或运输物品的)大箱子，柜子，盒子 2  a  the part of a human or animal body enclosed by the ribs (人或动物的)胸，胸腔b  the circumference of the body at chest level 胸围c  the front surface of the body from neck to waist 胸部，前胸 3  a small cabinet for medicines etc. 药箱 4 Brit. [英]  a  the treasury or financial resources of an institution (社会公共机构的)金库，公款b  the money available from it (金库中的)资金 □ get a thing off one's chest  colloq.  disclose a fact, secret, etc., to relieve one's anxiety about it [口]把(事实、秘密等)倾吐出来□ play (one's cards, a thing, etc.) close to one's chest  colloq.  be cautious or secretive about [口]对某事小心谨慎，把某事藏在心间□ -chested  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English cest, cyst via Germanic and Latin from Greek kistē]

chesterfield /ˈtʃestəfi:ld/ n.  1  a sofa with arms and back of the same height and curved outwards at the top 坐卧两用长沙发 2  a man's plain overcoat usu. with a velvet collar 天鹅绒领大衣；软领大衣 [named after 19th-c. Earl of Chesterfield]

chest freezer n.  a freezer shaped like a chest (see 见 CHEST 1), opening at the top (顶部开门的)箱式冰柜

chestnut /ˈtʃesnʌt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 chestnut tree)  a  the tree Castanea sativa, bearing flowers in catkins and nuts enclosed in a spiny fruit ; also called 亦称作 Spanish chestnut or sweet chestnut 栗树(板栗属果树，其花为柔荑花序，其坚果包在一层带刺的肉质果内)b  any other tree of the genus Castanea (其他品种的)栗树 2  the glossy hard brown edible nut of Castanea sativa 栗子 3  = HORSE CHESTNUT  4 (in full 全称 chestnut wood)  the heavy wood of any chestnut tree 栗木 5  a horse of a reddish-brown or yellowish-brown colour 栗色马，红棕马 6 colloq.  a stale joke or anecdote [口]陈词滥调，陈腐的笑话(或故事) 7  a small hard patch on a horse's leg 马腿内侧的角质胼胝 8 (in full 全称 chestnut brown)  a reddish-brown colour 栗色，红棕色 ●adj. (in full 全称 chestnut brown; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of the colour chestnut 栗色的，红棕色的 [obsolete chesten via Old French chastaine and Latin castanea from Greek kastanea]

chest of drawers n.  a piece of furniture consisting of a set of drawers in a frame 五斗橱

chest voice n.  the lowest register of the voice in singing or speaking 胸声，低音歌声

chesty /ˈtʃesti/ adj. (chestier, chestiest)  1 Brit. colloq.  inclined to or symptomatic of chest disease [英口]易患肺部疾病的，有肺病症状的 2 colloq.  having a large chest or prominent breasts [口]胸部发达的；(女人)乳房突出的 3 N. Amer. slang  arrogant [北美] [俚语]骄傲的，自负的 □ chestily  adv.  □ chestiness  n.  

chetnik /ˈtʃetnik/ n. hist.  a member of a guerrilla force in the Balkans, esp. during the First and Second World Wars [史义] (第一、二次世界大战中巴尔干半岛各国的)游击队员 [Serbian četnik from četa ‘band, troop’]

cheval glass /ʃəˈvæl/ n.  a tall mirror swung on an upright frame (装在直立支架上可以转动的)穿衣镜 [French cheval ‘horse, frame’]

chevalier /ʃevəˈliə/ n.  1  a  a member of certain orders of knighthood, and of modern French orders, as the Legion of Honour (法史)勋爵，(现代法国)荣誉勋位的成员b archaic or hist.  a knight [古义] [史义]骑士 2 (作 Chevalier) Brit. hist.  the title of the Old and Young Pretenders [英史义]觊觎王位者(对詹姆士二世的儿子和孙子们称呼) 3  a chivalrous man; a cavalier 对女人献殷勤者；贵妇人的侍从 [Middle English via Anglo-French chevaler, Old French chevalier from medieval Latin caballarius, from Latin caballus ‘horse’: cf. CABALLERO, CAVALIER]

chevet /ʃəˈvei/ n.  the apsidal end of a church, sometimes with an attached group of apses (教堂东面的)半圆形(或多角形)拱顶附属建筑 [French, = pillow, from Latin capitium, from caput ‘head’]

Cheviot /ˈtʃeviət/ n.  1  a  a large sheep of a breed with short thick wool 雪福特羊(其羊毛短而粗)b  this breed (羊)雪福特品种 2 (作 cheviot)  the wool or cloth obtained from this breed 雪福特羊毛；粗纺厚呢 [Cheviot Hills in N. England and Scotland where the sheep were bred]

chevron /ˈʃevrən/ n.  1  a badge in a V shape on the sleeve of a uniform indicating rank or length of service (表示军人、警察衔级或服役期的) V 形臂章 2 Heraldry & Archit.  a bent bar of an inverted V shape 【纹章学】人字形标识；【建】锯齿形花饰 3  any V-shaped line or stripe V 形线(或条纹) [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin caper ‘goat’: cf. Latin capreoli (diminutive of caper) used to mean ‘pair of rafters’]

chevrotain /ˈʃevrətein/ n. (also 亦作 chevrotin /-tin/)  any small deerlike animal of the family Tragulidae, native to Africa and SE Asia, and having small tusks Also called 亦称作 mouse deer 鼷鹿，鼠鹿(鼷鹿科动物，原产地为非洲和东南亚，口两侧有小獠牙) [French, diminutive of Old French chevrot, diminutive of chèvre ‘goat’]

chevy var.  of CHIVVY  CHIVVY 的变体

chew /tʃu:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  work (food etc.) between the teeth; crush or indent with the teeth 嚼，咀嚼；嚼碎(食物等) ●n.  1  an act of chewing 咀嚼 2  something for chewing, esp. a chewy sweet 咀嚼物(尤指口香糖) □ chew the cud   reflect, ruminate 深思，反复思考；(牛、羊等)反刍□ chew the fat (or rag)  slang [俚语]  1  chat 闲聊 2  grumble 咕哝，发牢骚□ chew on   1  work continuously between the teeth (叼在牙间)玩味  chewed on a piece of string  叼着一根细绳玩 2  think about; meditate on 考虑；沉思□ chew out  N. Amer. colloq.  reprimand [北美口]严厉责骂□ chew over   1  discuss, talk over 讨论，商谈 2  think about; meditate on 考虑；沉思□ chewable  adj.  □ chewer  n.   [Old English cēowan]

chewing gum n.  flavoured gum, esp. chicle, for chewing 口香糖，(尤指)胶姆糖

chewy /ˈtʃu:i/ adj. (chewier, chewiest)  1  needing much chewing (食物等)需要多嚼的，难嚼的 2  suitable for chewing 适合于咀嚼的 □ chewiness  n.  

Cheyenne /ʃaiˈæn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an American Indian tribe formerly living between the Missouri and Arkansas rivers 沙伊安部落(原居住于美国密苏里河与阿肯色河之间的印第安部落)b  a member of this tribe 沙伊安人 2  the language of this tribe 沙伊安语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Cheyennes or their language 沙伊安人的；沙伊安语的 [Canadian French from Sioux Sahiyena]

Cheyne-Stokes /tʃeinˈstəʊks/ adj. Med.  designating a breathing cycle involving a gradual decrease of movement to a complete stop, followed by a gradual increase 【医】切恩－斯托克司呼吸，潮式呼吸 [named after J. Cheyne, Scots physician d. 1836, and W. Stokes, Irish physician d. 1878]

chez /ʃei/ prep.  at the house or home of 在…的家里 [French from Old French chiese from Latin casa ‘cottage’]

chi /kai/ n.  the twenty-second letter of the Greek alphabet (X, χ) 希腊文字母表中的第 22 个字母 (X, χ) [Middle English from Greek khi]

Chianti /kiˈænti/ n. (pl. Chiantis)  a dry red Italian wine (意大利)基安蒂干红葡萄酒 [Chianti, an area in Tuscany, Italy]

chiaroscuro /kiˌɑ:rəˈskʊərəʊ/ n.  1  the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting (绘画中的)明暗对照法 2  the use of contrast in literature etc. (文学等的)对比法 3 (作 attrib.)  half-revealed 若隐若现的，半隐半显的 [Italian from chiaro ‘CLEAR’ + oscuro ‘dark, OBSCURE’]

chiasma /kaiˈæzmə, ki-/ n. (pl. chiasmata /-tə/) Biol.  the point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact after crossing over during meiosis 【生】(染色体的)交叉点 [modern Latin from Greek chiasma ‘a cross-shaped mark’]

chiasmus /kaiˈæzməs, ki-/ n.  inversion in the second of two parallel phrases of the order followed in the first (e.g. 如 to stop too fearful and too faint to go 因过度恐惧而停了下来，又因过分怯懦而不敢前进) 交错配列(一种修辞手段，即在两个平行短语中，第二个短语的词序正好与第一个短语词序的颠倒) □ chiastic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek khiasmos ‘crosswise arrangement’, from khiazō ‘mark with letter CHI’]

chibouk /tʃiˈbu:k/ n. (also 亦作 chibouque)  a long Turkish tobacco pipe 土耳其长烟管 [Turkish çubuk ‘tube’]

chic /ʃi:k/ adj. & n. ●adj. (chic-er, chic-est)  stylish, elegant (in dress or appearance) (穿着或外表)时髦的，漂亮的，雅致的 ●n.  stylishness, elegance 时髦，漂亮，雅致 □ chicly  adv.   [French]

Chicago /ʃiˈkɑ:gəu/ n.  芝加哥 [美国城市]

chicane /ʃiˈkein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an artificial barrier or obstacle, esp. a sharp double bend, on a motor-racing track 人造障碍物 , (尤指)赛车道上设置的障碍(或急转弯) 2 Bridge  a hand without trumps, or without cards of one suit 【桥牌】没有王牌的一手牌；没有同色花的一组牌 3  chicanery 诡计；诡辩；诈骗 ●v. archaic [古义]  1 intr.  use chicanery 施诡计；对…进行诡辩 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out of, etc.)  cheat (a person) 欺骗(某人)，诈骗 [French chicane(r) ‘quibble’]

chicanery /ʃiˈkeinəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  clever but misleading talk; a false argument 诡辩；遁词 2  trickery, deception 诡计；诈骗 [French chicanerie (as CHICANE)]

Chicano /tʃiˈkɑ:nəʊ, ʃi-, -ˈkein-/ n. (pl. -os; fem. Chicana /-nə/) esp. US  an American of Mexican origin [尤美]奇卡诺人(墨西哥裔美国人) [Spanish mejicano ‘Mexican’]

chichi /ˈʃi:ʃi:/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a thing) frilly, showy (指事物)装饰精美的，过分艳丽的 2 (of a person or behaviour) fussy, affected (指人或行为)过分注重细节的，矫揉造作的 ●n.  1  over-refinement, pretentiousness, fussiness 故作风雅，自命不凡，小题大做 2  a frilly, showy, or pretentious object 过分艳丽(或虚饰的)事物 [French]

chick1 /tʃik/ n.  1  a young bird, esp. one newly hatched (尤指刚刚孵出的)小鸟 2 slang [俚语]  a  a young woman 少妇，年轻女子b  a child 小孩 [Middle English: shortening of CHICKEN]

chick2 /tʃik/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a screen for a doorway etc., made from split bamboo and twine [印英]竹门帘，竹帘子 [Hindi chik]

chickadee /ˈtʃikədi:/ n. N. Amer.  any of various small birds of the tit family [北美]山雀，无冠山雀(山雀属鸟类) [imitative]

chicken /ˈtʃikin/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a domestic fowl, esp. a young bird 家禽，鸡(尤指小鸡) 2  a  a domestic fowl prepared as food (供食用的)肉鸡b  its flesh 鸡肉 3  a youthful person; a young and inexperienced person Cf. 参见 SPRING CHICKEN 未成熟的人；涉世未深的年轻人 usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用 : is no chicken  已经不年轻了 4 colloq.  a children's pastime testing courage, usu. recklessly [口] (通常指儿童鲁莽的)胆量比试 ●adj. colloq.  cowardly [口]胆小的，畏缩的 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 out) colloq.  withdraw from or fail in some activity through fear or lack of nerve [口]因缺乏勇气而畏缩；因胆怯而放弃 [Old English cīcen, cyˉcen, from Germanic]

chicken-and-egg attrib. adj.  designating an unresolved question as to which of two things caused the other 鸡与蛋孰先孰后难定的，因果难定的  it's a chicken-and-egg problem  这是一个因果难定的问题

chicken brick n. Brit.  an earthenware container in two halves for roasting a chicken in its own juices [英] (烤鸡用的一种)陶器

chicken cholera n.  an infectious disease of fowls 鸡霍乱

chicken feed n.  1  food for poultry 鸡食，鸡饲料 2 colloq.  an unimportant amount, esp. of money [口]小额款项

chicken-hearted adj. (also 亦作 chicken-livered)  easily frightened; lacking nerve or courage 胆小的，怯懦的

chickenpox /ˈtʃikinpɒks/ n.  an infectious disease, esp. of children, with a rash of small blisters Also called 亦称作 varicella 水痘(一种儿童传染病)

chicken wire n.  a light wire netting with a hexagonal mesh 轻质六角形网眼铁丝网(常作鸡笼或篱笆)

chickpea /ˈtʃikpi:/ n.  1  a leguminous plant, Cicer arietinum, with short swollen pods containing yellow beaked seeds 鹰嘴豆(豆科植物，豆荚短而鼓，豆粒黄色，呈鸟喙状) 2  this seed used as a vegetable (作蔬菜用的)鹰嘴豆 [originally ciche pease from Latin cicer ‘chickpea’: see PEASE]

chickweed /ˈtʃikwi:d/ n.  any of numerous small plants of the pink family, esp. Stellaria media, a garden weed with slender stems and tiny white flowers 卷耳，繁缕(石竹科植物，生长在花园中，茎细，开小白花)

chicle /ˈtʃik(ə)l, -kli/ n.  the milky juice of the sapodilla tree, used in the manufacture of chewing gum 糖胶树胶(用于制作口香糖) [Latin American Spanish from Nahuatl tzietli]

chicory /ˈtʃik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a blue-flowered plant, Cichorium intybus (daisy family), cultivated for its salad leaves and its root 菊苣(人工栽培菊科植物，开蓝色花，叶和根均可食) 2  its root, roasted and ground for use with or instead of coffee 菊苣根(焙烤研磨后可作咖啡的代用品) 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = ENDIVE  [Middle English via obsolete French cicorée ‘endive’, medieval Latin cic(h)orea, and Latin cichorium from Greek kikhorion]

chide /tʃaid/ v. tr. & intr. (past chided or chid /tʃid/; past part. chided or chidden /ˈtʃid(ə)n/) esp. archaic or literary  scold, rebuke [尤古义] [文学用语]责怪，责骂 □ chider  n.  □ chidingly  adv.   [Old English cīdan, of unknown origin]

chief /tʃi:f/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a leader or ruler 首领，领袖；长官b  the head of a tribe, clan, etc. 酋长，家族长 2  the head of a department; the highest official 主任；(组织或部门的)职务最高的官员 3 Heraldry  the upper third of a shield 【纹章学】纹章上段的图记 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  first in position, importance, influence, etc. 主要的，首要的，总的  chief engineer  总工程师 2  prominent, leading 杰出的，为首的 □ chiefdom  n.  首领的地位，领袖的职务 [Middle English from Old French ch(i)ef, ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’]

Chief Constable n. Brit.  the head of the police force of a county or other region [英] (郡县或地区的)警察局长

chiefly /ˈtʃi:fli/ adv.  above all; mainly but not exclusively 首先；主要地，大部分

Chief of Staff n.  the senior staff officer of a service or command (军队的)参谋长

Chief Rabbi n.  the religious head of the Jewish communities in Britain 首席拉比(英国犹太社区的宗教领袖)

chieftain /ˈtʃi:ft(ə)n, -tin/ n. (fem. chieftainess /-nis/)  the leader of a tribe, clan, etc. 酋长；家族长 □ chieftaincy  /-si/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ chieftainship  n.   [Middle English via Old French chevetaine from Late Latin capitaneus CAPTAIN: assimilated to CHIEF]

chief technician n.  a non-commissioned officer in the RAF ranking above sergeant (非任命的皇家空军)技术士

chiffchaff /ˈtʃiftʃæf/ n.  a small European warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with a distinctive repetitive song 棕柳莺(欧洲刺嘴莺科鸣禽) [imitative]

chiffon /ˈʃifɒn/ n. & adj. ●n.  a light diaphanous fabric of silk, nylon, etc. 雪纺绸，薄绸 ●adj.  1  made of chiffon 用雪纺绸制作的 2 (of a pie filling, dessert, etc.) light-textured (馅饼的馅、甜点心等)松软的 [French from chiffe ‘rag’]

chiffonier /ʃifəˈniə/ n.  1  a movable low cupboard with a sideboard top (上部为餐具柜的)可移动食橱 2 US  a tall chest of drawers [美]带镜高五斗橱 [French chiffonnier, -ière ‘ragpicker, chest of drawers for odds and ends’]

chigger /ˈtʃiɡə/ n. (also 亦作 jigger /ˈdʒiɡə/)  1  a tropical flea, Tunga penetrans, the females of which burrow beneath the skin causing painful sores Also called 亦称作 chigoe, sand flea 穿皮潜蚤(一种热带潜蚤属跳蚤，其雌性蚤躲藏在皮肤下面，会造成溃疡) 2 US  a harvest mite [美]秋螨，恙螨 [variant of CHIGOE]

chignon /ˈʃi:njɒ˜/ n.  a coil or mass of hair at the back of a woman's head (女人脑后的)发髻 [French, originally = nape of the neck]

chigoe /ˈtʃiɡəʊ/ n.  = CHIGGER 1  [from a W. African language]

chihuahua /tʃiˈwɑ:wə/ n.  1  a very small dog of a smooth-haired large-eyed breed originating in Mexico 奇瓦瓦小狗(一种墨西哥小狗，毛光滑，大眼睛) 2  this breed 奇瓦瓦狗 [Chihuahua, state and city in Mexico]

chilblain /ˈtʃilblein/ n.  a painful itching swelling of the skin usu. on a hand, foot, etc., caused by exposure to cold and by poor circulation (通常手脚等上的)冻疮 □ chilblained  adj.   [CHILL + BLAIN]

child /tʃaild/ n. (pl. children /ˈtʃildr(ə)n/)  1  a  a young human being below the age of puberty 小孩，儿童b  an unborn or newborn human being 胎儿，婴儿 2  one's son or daughter (at any age) 子女，孩子(可指任何年龄) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a descendant, follower, adherent, or product of 后代，子孙；追随者；产物  children of Israel  以色列的后代 child of God  上帝的子孙 child of nature  大自然的产物 4  a childish person 孩子气的人，幼稚的人 □ childless  adj.  □ childlessness  n.   [Old English cild]

child abuse n.  maltreatment of a child, esp. by physical violence or sexual molestation 虐待儿童，摧残儿童(尤指体罚或性骚扰)

child allowance n.  1  = CHILD BENEFIT  2 hist. (in the UK) a tax allowance granted to parents of dependent children [史义] (英国) (子女尚未成年的父母)所得税减免额

childbearing /ˈtʃail(d)bɛəriŋ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  giving birth to a child or children 分娩，生孩子

childbed /ˈtʃail(d)bed/ n. archaic [古义]  = CHILDBIRTH 

child benefit n. (in the UK) regular payment by the state to the parents of a child up to a certain age (英国)儿童津贴(由政府定期发给一定年龄以下儿童的父母)

childbirth /ˈtʃail(d)bɜ:θ/ n.  the act of giving birth to a child 分娩，生孩子

childcare /ˈtʃail(d)kɛə/ n.  the care of a child or children, esp. by a crèche or childminder while parents are working, or Brit. by a local authority when a normal home life is lacking 儿童保育(尤指由日托托儿所或保育员照看)；[英] (地方当局对无法过正常家庭生活儿童的)儿童照管

child-centred adj.  focusing on the interests, needs, etc. of the child 以儿童(利益、需求等)为中心的

Childe /tʃaild/ n. archaic  a youth of noble birth [古义]公子，少爷  Childe Harold  哈罗德少爷 [variant of CHILD]

Childermas /ˈtʃildəmæs/ n. archaic  the feast of the Holy Innocents, 28 Dec [古义] (基督教)悼婴节 (12 月 28 日) [Old English cildramœsse, from cildra, genitive pl. of cild CHILD + mœsse MASS]

childhood /ˈtʃaildhʊd/ n.  the state or period of being a child 童年，幼年 [Old English cildhɑˉd]

childish /ˈtʃaildiʃ/ adj.  1  of, like, or proper to a child 孩子的；孩子般的；适合于孩子的 2  immature, silly 幼稚的；愚蠢的 □ childishly  adv.  □ childishness  n.  

childlike /ˈtʃail(d)laik/ adj.  having the good qualities of a child such as innocence, frankness, etc. 孩子般的，童稚的；天真的，坦率的

childminder /ˈtʃail(d)maində/ n. Brit.  a person who looks after children for payment, strictly speaking a person registered with the local authority to give paid daytime care in his or her own home for children under eight [英]保育员，代人照看孩子者

child molester n.  a person who sexually abuses a child 猥亵孩子者

childproof /ˈtʃail(d)pru:f/ adj.  that cannot be damaged or operated by a child 能防止孩子胡乱摸弄的，不会被孩子弄坏的

children pl.  of CHILD  CHILD 的复数

child's play n.  an easy task 易如反掌的事情

Chile   智利

chile var.  of CHILLI  CHILLI 的变体

Chilean /ˈtʃiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Chile in S. America 智利人 2  a person of Chilean descent 智利裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Chile 智利的；智利人的

Chile pine /ˈtʃili/ n.  a monkey-puzzle tree 智利南美杉

Chile saltpetre /ˈtʃili/ n. (also 亦作 Chile nitre)  naturally occurring sodium nitrate 智利硝石，天然钠硝石

chili var.  of CHILLI  CHILLI 的变体

chiliad /ˈkiliæd/ n.  1  a thousand 一千 2  a thousand years 一千年 [Late Latin chilias chiliad- from Greek khilias -ados]

chiliast /ˈkiliæst/ n.  = MILLENARIANn.  □ chiliasm  n.   [Late Latin chiliastes from Greek khiliasmos: see CHILIAD]

chiliastic /kiliˈæstik/ adj.  relating to or believing in a future period of happiness, prosperity, and ideal or divine government (cf. 参见 MILLENARIAN) 千禧年主义的(相信太平盛世即将到来的)

chill /tʃil/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an unpleasant cold sensation; lowered body temperature 风寒；寒战b  a feverish cold 感冒发烧  catch a chill  着凉 2  unpleasant coldness (of air, water, etc.) (空气、水等)寒冷；寒气 3  a  a depressing influence 沮丧，消沉，扫兴  cast a chill over  使感到沮丧b  a feeling of fear or dread accompanied by coldness 寒心 4  coldness of manner 冷淡 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become cold 使变冷，使冷冻 2 tr.  a  depresse, dispirit 使沮丧，使扫兴，使消沉b  horrify, frighten 使恐惧，使害怕 3 tr.  cool (food or drink); preserve by cooling 冷冻(食品或饮料；) 冷藏 4 tr.  harden (molten metal) by contact with cold material 给(熔化金属)作激冷处理 5 intr. esp. N. Amer. colloq. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  pass time idly, hang around [尤北美口]闲荡，消磨时间 ●adj. literary  chilly [文学用语]冷飕飕的 □ chill out  esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  relax; become less tense 放松一下 2  = sense 5 of v. 动词释义 5□ take the chill off   warm slightly 把…暖一暖□ chillingly  adv.  □ chillness  n.  □ chillsome  adj. literary [文学用语]   [Old English cele, ciele ‘cold, coldness’: in modern senses the verb is the oldest (Middle English)]

chiller /ˈtʃilə/ n.  1  = SPINE-CHILLER  2  a cold cabinet or refrigerator, esp. in a shop, garage, etc. (尤指商店里的)冷藏柜，冰箱

chill factor n.  the perceived lowering of the air temperature caused by the wind etc. 寒冷指数

chilli /ˈtʃili/ n. (also 亦作 chile, US [美] chili) (pl. chillies, chiles, or US [美] chilies)  1 (in full 全称 chilli pepper)  a small hot-tasting (dried) pod, usu. red or green, of a capsicum, Capsicum anuum, used in sauces, relishes, etc. (干)红辣椒 2  = CHILLI POWDER  3 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = CHILLI CON CARNE  [Spanish chile, chili, from Nahuatl chilli]

chilli con carne /kɒn ˈkɑ:ni/ n.  a stew of chilli-flavoured minced beef and beans 辣味牛肉末炖菜豆 [Spanish, literally ‘chilli with meat’]

chilli powder n.  hot cayenne 辣椒粉

chilli sauce n.  a hot sauce made with tomatoes, chillies, and spices 辣味沙司，辣椒番茄酱

chilly /ˈtʃili/ adj. (chillier, chilliest)  1 (of the weather or an object) somewhat cold (天气或物体)相当冷的 2 (of a person or animal) feeling somewhat cold; sensitive to the cold (人或动物)感觉冷的；对风寒敏感的 3  unfriendly; unemotional 冷淡的；无动于衷的 □ chilliness  n.  

Chiltern Hundreds /ˌtʃilt(ə)n ˈhʌndrədz/ n. pl. (in the UK) a Crown manor, whose administration is a nominal office for which an MP applies as a way of resigning from the House of Commons (英国)奇尔特恩采邑(该采邑的执事为直属王室的虚职，众议院议员如欲辞职须先求得该采邑的职位) [Chiltern Hills in S. England]

chimaera var.  of CHIMERA  CHIMERA 的变体

chime1 /tʃaim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a set of attuned bells 编钟，排钟b  the series of sounds given by this (编钟的)钟声，钟乐c (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a set of attuned bells as a doorbell (作门铃用的)编钟 2  agreement, correspondence, harmony 协调，和谐，一致 ●v.  1  a intr. (of bells) ring (钟)鸣b tr.  sound (a bell or chime) by striking 敲钟；演奏排钟 2 tr.  show (the hour) by chiming 用钟声报(时) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together, with)  be in agreement, harmonize 协调，一致；合拍 □ chime in   1  interject a remark 插话，插嘴 2  join in harmoniously 融合，协调 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  agree with 相符，一致□ chimer  n.   [Middle English, probably from chym(b)e ‘bell’, via Old English cimbal and Latin cymbalum from Greek kumbalon CYMBAL]

chime2 /tʃaim/ n. (also 亦作 chimb)  the projecting rim at the end of a cask (木桶两端的)凸边 [Middle English, probably from an Old English form: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kimme]

chimera /kaiˈmiərə, ki-/ n. (also 亦作 chimaera)  1 (in Greek mythology) a fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail 喀迈拉(希腊神话中狮头、羊身、蛇尾的吐火女怪) 2  a fantastic or grotesque product of the imagination; a bogey 虚构的怪物；假想的鬼怪，幽灵 3  any fabulous beast with parts taken from various animals (由不同动物部位拼凑成的)怪兽 4 Biol. 【生】  a  an organism containing genetically different tissues, formed by fusion of early embryos, grafting, mutation, etc. 嵌合体b  a nucleic acid formed by laboratory manipulation (在实验室里制取的)核酸 5  any cartilaginous fish of the family Chimaeridae, usu. having erect pointed fins and a long tail 软骨鱼(银鲛科鱼类，通常有直立的尖鳍和长长的尾巴，如鲨鱼、银鲛鱼等) □ chimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ chimerical  /-ˈmerik(ə)l/ adj.  □ chimerically  /-ˈmerik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin, from Greek khimaira ‘she-goat, chimera’]

chimichanga /tʃimiˈtʃɑ:ŋɡə/ n.  a tortilla rolled round a savoury filling and deep-fried 油炸玉米粉圆馅饼 [Mexican Spanish, = ‘trinket’]

chimney /ˈtʃimni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a vertical channel conducting smoke or combustion gases etc. up and away from a fire, furnace, engine, etc. (火炉、发动机等的)烟囱，烟道 2  the part of this which projects above a roof 烟囱管(烟囱高出屋顶的部分) 3  a glass tube protecting the flame of a lamp (油灯的)玻璃灯罩 4  a narrow vertical crack in a rock face, often used by mountaineers to ascend (岩石间可供攀登的)管状裂缝 [Middle English via Old French cheminée and Late Latin caminata ‘having a fireplace’, via Latin caminus from Greek kaminos ‘oven’]

chimney breast n.  a projecting interior wall surrounding a chimney 壁炉腔

chimney piece n. Brit.  an ornamental structure around an open fireplace; a mantelpiece [英]壁炉面饰；壁炉架，壁炉台

chimney pot n.  an earthenware or metal pipe at the top of a chimney, narrowing the aperture and increasing the updraught 烟囱管帽(装在烟囱顶部的陶管或金属管)

chimney stack n.  1  a number of chimneys grouped in one structure (一座建筑中的)烟囱丛 2  = CHIMNEY 2 

chimney sweep n.  a person whose job is removing soot from inside chimneys 烟囱清扫工

chimp /tʃimp/ n. colloq. [口]  = CHIMPANZEE  [abbreviation]

chimpanzee /tʃimpænˈzi:/ n.  either of two anthropoid apes of central and W. Africa, Pan troglodytes and (in full 全称 pygmy chimpanzee) Pan paniscus 黑猩猩(产于中部和西部非洲的两种类人猿之一) [French chimpanzé from Kongo]

chin /tʃin/ n.  the front of the lower jaw 颊，下巴 □ chin up  colloq.  cheer up [口]振作起来□ keep one's chin up  colloq.  remain cheerful, esp. in adversity [口] (尤指在逆境中)不气馁，不灰心□ take on the chin   1  suffer a severe blow from (a misfortune etc.) 遭受(噩运的)残酷打击 2  endure courageously 勇敢地忍受痛苦(或惩罚)□ -chinned  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English cin(n), from Germanic]

China   中国

china /ˈtʃainə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a kind of fine white or translucent ceramic ware, porcelain, etc. 瓷器，陶器 2  things made from ceramic, esp. household tableware 瓷器用品(尤指餐具) 3 Brit. rhyming slang  one's ‘mate’, i.e. husband or wife (short for china plate) [英] [同韵俚语]配偶(即丈夫或妻子) (伙伴的缩略) ●adj.  made of china 瓷器的，瓷制的 [originally China ware (from China in Asia): the name is from Persian chīnī]

China aster n.  a Chinese plant, Callistephus chinensis, related to the asters, cultivated for its bright and showy flowers 翠菊(紫苑属植物，产于中国，人工栽培以收获其鲜艳的花朵)

china clay n.  kaolin 瓷土，黏土

chinagraph /ˈtʃainəɡrɑ:f/ n. propr.  a waxy coloured pencil used to write on china, glass, etc. [商标]瓷器描笔(用于在瓷器或玻璃上写字的蜡质铅笔)

Chinaman /ˈʃainəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 archaic or derog. (now usu. offens. [现通常冒犯])  a native of China [古义] [贬]中国佬 2 Cricket  a ball bowled by a left-handed bowler that spins from off to leg 【板球】(左撇子投手投出的)右曲线球

China syndrome n.  an imaginary sequence of events following the meltdown of a nuclear reactor, in which the core melts through its containment structure and deep into the earth (核反应堆熔化失控而造成的)灾难性核事故(源于一部描写美国一核电站大规模熔毁的电影片名) [China, as being on the opposite side of the earth from a reactor in the US]

China tea n.  smoke-cured tea from a small-leaved tea plant grown in China (用熏烤法加工的小叶)中国茶

Chinatown /ˈtʃainətaʊn/ n.  a district of any non-Chinese town, esp. a city or seaport, in which the population is predominantly Chinese (非中国的城镇、尤指城市或海港中的)中国城，唐人街

chinch /tʃin(t)ʃ/ n. (in full 全称 chinch bug)  1  a N. American plant bug, Blissus leucopterus, that destroys the shoots of grasses and grains 麦长蝽，蝽象(北美的一种半翅昆虫，专门毁坏草和谷物的穗) 2 N. Amer.  a bedbug [北美]臭虫 [Spanish chinche from Latin cimex-icis]

chincherinchee /tʃintʃərinˈtʃi:/ n.  a white-flowered bulbous plant, Ornithogalum thyrsoides (lily family), native to S. Africa 好望角虎眼万年青(一种开白色花的百合属球茎植物，原产地为南非) [imitative of the squeaky sound made by the rubbing of its stalks]

chinchilla /tʃinˈtʃilə/ n.  1  a  any small rodent of the genus Chinchilla, native to S. America, having soft silver-grey fur and a bushy tail 绒鼠，毛丝鼠(啮齿目动物，银灰色皮毛，毛茸茸的尾巴，产于南美洲)b  its highly valued fur 绒鼠毛皮 2  a breed of cat or rabbit (一种银灰色长毛的)家猫；丝毛兔 [Spanish, probably from S. American native name]

chin-chin /tʃinˈtʃin/ int. Brit. colloq.  a toast; a greeting or farewell [英口]为健康干杯；你好；再见 [Chinese qingqing (pr. ch-)]

Chindit /ˈtʃindit/ n. hist.  a member of the Allied forces behind the Japanese lines in Burma (now Myanmar) in 1943 － 45 [史义] (1943 至 1945 年在缅甸日军后方作战的)同盟国军士兵 [Burmese chinthé, a mythical creature]

chine1 /tʃain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a backbone, esp. of an animal (尤指动物的)脊骨，脊柱b  a joint of meat containing all or part of this (带部分脊骨的)脊肉；排骨肉 2  a ridge or arête 山脊，刃岭 ●v. tr.  cut (meat) across or along the backbone 把(肉)沿脊骨切开 [Middle English via Old French eschine from Latin spina SPINE]

chine2 /tʃain/ n.  a deep narrow ravine in the Isle of Wight or Dorset (英国怀特岛或多西特郡的)狭而深的峡谷 [Old English cinu ‘cleft, chink’, from Germanic]

chine3 /tʃain/ n.  the join between the side and the bottom of a ship etc. (船舷与船底间的)折角线，颔线 [variant of CHIME2]

Chinese /tʃaiˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to China 中国的 2  of Chinese descent 中国血统的，华裔的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the Chinese language 汉语，中文 2  a  a native or national of China 中国人b  a person of Chinese descent 华裔

Chinese burn n. colloq.  an act of placing two hands on a person's arm and then twisting it with a wringing motion to produce a burning sensation [口]捻搓胳膊以产生热感的做法

Chinese cabbage n.  = CHINESE LEAF 

Chinese chequers n. pl. (US [美] Chinese checkers) (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a board game for two to six players who attempt to move marbles etc. from one corner to the opposite one on a star-shaped board 中国跳棋

Chinese gooseberry n.  = KIWI FRUIT 

Chinese lantern n.  1  a collapsible paper lantern (可折叠的)纸灯笼 2  a plant of the nightshade family, Physalis alkekengi, bearing white flowers and globular orange fruits enclosed in an orange-red papery calyx 酸浆(茄属植物，开白花，结橘红色球形果实)

Chinese leaf n.  a lettuce-like cabbage, Brassica chinensis 小白菜，青菜

Chinese puzzle n.  a very intricate puzzle or problem (七巧板、九连环等)中国智力玩具；难解的谜

Chinese water chestnut  see 见 WATER CHESTNUT 2 

Chinese white n.  zinc oxide as a white pigment 锌白(颜料)

Chink /tʃiŋk/ n. slang offens.  a Chinese [俚语] [冒犯]中国佬 [abbreviation]

chink1 /tʃiŋk/ n.  1  an unintended crack that admits light or allows an attack 缝隙，缝儿；漏洞，空子 2  a narrow opening; a slit 裂缝，裂口 [16th c.: related to CHINE2]

chink2 /tʃiŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a slight ringing sound, as of glasses or coins striking together 使发出清脆的声响(似玻璃板或硬币的撞击声) 2 tr.  cause to make this sound 使丁当响 ●n.  this sound 丁当的响声 [imitative]

Chinky /ˈtʃinki/ n. (pl. -ies) slang [俚语]  1 offens.  a Chinese [冒犯]中国佬 2  a Chinese restaurant 中国餐馆

chinless /ˈtʃinlis/ adj. colloq.  weak or feeble in character [口]软弱的，无个性的

chinless wonder n. Brit. colloq.  an ineffectual esp. upper-class person [英口] (尤指上层社会)性格软弱的人

Chino- /ˈtʃainəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  = SINO- 

chino /ˈtʃi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a cotton twill fabric, usu. khaki-coloured 丝光黄斜纹布(通常为土黄色) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a garment, esp. trousers, made from this 丝光黄斜纹服装；丝光黄斜纹裤子 [Latin American Spanish, = toasted]

chinoiserie /ʃinˈwɑ:zəri/ n.  1  the imitation or evocation of Chinese motifs and techniques in Western art and architecture, esp. in the 18th c. (尤指 18 世纪欧洲艺术和建筑所模仿的)中国式装饰风格 2  an object or objects in this style 具中国装饰风格的物品 [French]

chinook /tʃiˈnʊk/ n.  1  a  a warm dry wind which blows east of the Rocky Mountains (从美国落基山东坡吹下的)奇努克干暖风b  a warm wet southerly wind which blows west of the Rocky Mountains (从美国落基山西坡吹下的)奇努克湿暖南风 2 (作 Chinook)  a (pl. same 单复同 or Chinooks)  a member of a N. American Indian people 奇努克人(北美西北部的印第安人)b  their language 奇努克语 [Salishan tsinúk, the name of the people]

Chinook jargon n.  a pidgin composed of elements from Chinook, Nootka, English, French, and other languages, used formerly in the Pacific north-west of N. America 奇努克混合语(旧时北美西北部太平洋海岸的一种贸易语言，由奇努克语、努特卡语、英语、法语及其他语言混合而成)

chinook salmon n.  a large salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, of the N. Pacific 大鳞大麻哈鱼(产于北太平洋)

chinstrap /ˈtʃinstræp/ n.  a strap for fastening a hat etc. under the chin (尤指系于颏下固定帽子等用的)帽带

chintz /tʃin(t)s/ n. & adj. ●n.  a printed multicoloured cotton fabric with a glazed finish 摩擦轧光印花棉布 ●adj.  made from or upholstered with this fabric 用印花棉布制作的，用印花棉布装饰的 [earlier chints (pl.) from Hindi chīnt ‘spattering, stain’, from Sanskrit citra ‘variegated’]

chintzy /ˈtʃin(t)si/ adj. (chintzier, chintziest)  1  like chintz 似印花棉布的 2  gaudy, cheap 华丽而俗气的，华丽而不值钱的 3  characteristic of the decor associated with chintz soft furnishings 具有印花棉布装饰特色的 □ chintzily  adv.  □ chintziness  n.  

chin-up n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = PULL-UP 1 

chinwag /ˈtʃinwæɡ/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  a talk or chat 谈话，聊天 ●v. intr. (-wagged, -wagging)  have a gossip 闲聊

chionodoxa /kaiənəˈdɒksə/ n.  a plant of the genus Chionodoxa (lily family), with early-blooming blue flowers Also called 亦称作 glory-of-the-snow 四萼齿草(百合属植物，开蓝色花，花期早) [modern Latin, from Greek khiōn ‘snow’ + doxa ‘glory’]

chip /tʃip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small piece removed by or in the course of chopping, cutting, or breaking, esp. from hard material such as wood or stone (木、石等削、凿下的)屑片，碎片 2  the place where such a chip has been made (屑片剥落后留下的)缺口，缺损处 3  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. Brit.  a strip of potato, deep-fried [尤英] (油炸)土豆条b (in full 全称 potato chip) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer.  a potato crisp [北美]油炸土豆条 4  a counter used in some gambling games to represent money (一些赌博游戏中代表钱的)筹码 5 Electronics 【电子学】  = MICROCHIP  6 Brit. [英]  a  a thin strip of wood, straw, etc., used for weaving hats, baskets, etc. (编篮子或帽子等用的)木条，秸秆b  a basket made from these 木条篮子 7 Football  etc. & Golf a short shot, kick, or pass with the ball describing an arc 【足球】撮球(踢过对方队员头顶传给本方队员)；【高尔夫球】切削击球，近穴击球 ●v. (chipped, chipping)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away)  cut or break (a piece) from a hard material 削(或凿)下屑片 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, away at)  cut pieces off (a hard material) to alter its shape, break it up, etc. 将…削(或凿)成形，把…劈开 3 intr. (of stone, china, etc.) be susceptible to being chipped; be apt to break at the edge (石头、瓷器等)易削(或凿、碰)坏；易剥落；(边缘处)易破损  will chip easily  容易碰坏 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Football  etc. & Golf strike or kick (the ball) with a chip (cf. 参见 sense 7 of n.) 【足球】撮球；【高尔夫球】切削击球，近穴击球 5 tr. (usu. as 通常作 chipped adj.) Brit.  cut (potatoes) into chips [英]把(土豆)切成薄片 □ chip in  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  interrupt or contribute abruptly to a conversation 插嘴，插话  chipped in with a reminiscence  插入一段往事的回忆 2  contribute (money or resources) 捐助(钱财)□ a chip off the old block   a child who resembles a parent, esp. in character (尤指性格方面)酷似父亲的儿子□ a chip on one's shoulder  colloq.  a disposition or inclination to feel resentful or aggrieved [口]恶劣的情绪，寻衅的态度□ have had one's chips  Brit. colloq.  be unable to avoid defeat, punishment, etc. [英口]必然受罚；注定失败□ when the chips are down  colloq.  when it comes to the point [口]在关键时刻，在危机的时候 [Middle English from Old English cipp, cyp ‘beam’: the verb related to Old English forcippian ‘cut off’]

chipboard /ˈtʃipbɔ:d/ n.  a rigid sheet or panel made from compressed wood chips and resin 刨花板，胶合板

chip heater n. Austral. & NZ  a domestic water heater that burns wood chips [澳新] (家用)木屑热水炉

chipmunk /ˈtʃipmʌŋk/ n.  a N. American ground squirrel of the genus Tamias, having alternate light and dark stripes running down the body 花鼠，金花鼠(松鼠科动物，产于北美，有深浅两色的斑纹) [Algonquian]

chipolata /tʃipəˈlɑ:tə/ n. Brit.  a small thin sausage [英]蔡珀拉特小香肠 [French, from Italian cipollata ‘a dish of onions’ from cipolla ‘onion’]

Chippendale /ˈtʃip(ə)ndeil/ adj.  1 (of furniture) designed or made by the English cabinetmaker Thomas Chippendale (d. 1779) (家具)奇彭代尔式样的(托马斯·奇彭代尔，英国家具木工，卒于 1779 年) 2  in the ornately elegant style of Chippendale's furniture 奇彭代尔家具优雅式样的

chipper /ˈtʃipə/ adj. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  cheerful 愉快的，兴高采烈的 2  smartly dressed 穿着漂亮的 [perhaps from northern English dialect kipper ‘lively’]

chippie var.  of CHIPPY  CHIPPY 的变体

chipping /ˈtʃipiŋ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a small fragment of stone, wood, etc. (石头、木头等的)碎片，屑片 2 (in pl. 用复数)  these used as a surface for roads, roofs, etc. (用于筑路、铺屋顶等的)屑片，碎片

chippy /ˈtʃipi/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 chippie) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a fish-and-chip shop (炸鱼和炸土豆条)小商店 2  a carpenter 木匠 ●adj.  1 colloq. or dial.  irritable [口] [方]易怒的，脾气坏的 2 N. Amer. Ice Hockey  prone to fighting; belligerent [北美]【冰球】有打架倾向的；好斗的

Chips /tʃips/ n. Naut. slang  a ship's carpenter 【海】[俚语]船上木匠

chip shot n.  = CHIPn. 7 

chiral /ˈkaiər(ə)l/ adj. Chem. (of an optically active compound) asymmetric and not superposable on its mirror image 【化】手征性的(指旋光性化合物镜像不对称、不重合的) □ chirality  /-ˈræliti/ n.   [Greek kheir ‘hand’]

chi-rho n.  a monogram of chi (X) and rho (P) as the first two letters of Greek Khristos Christ “基督”的表记(希腊词的两个首字母)

chiro- /ˈkairəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also 亦作 cheiro-)  of the hand 表示“手的” [Greek kheir ‘hand’]

chirography /kaiˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  handwriting, calligraphy 书写，笔迹；书法

chiromancy /ˈkairəmænsi/ n.  palmistry 手相术

chiropody /kiˈrɒpədi/ n.  the treatment of the feet (originally also the hands) and their ailments (手)足医术 □ chiropodist  n.   [CHIRO- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

chiropractic /kairəˈpræktik/ n.  the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of mechanical disorders of the joints, esp. of the spinal column (尤指脊柱的)按摩疗法 □ chiropractor  /ˈkairə(ʊ)-/ n.  按摩脊柱治疗者 [CHIRO- + Greek praktikos: see PRACTICAL]

chiropteran /kaiˈrɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any mammal of the order Chiroptera, which comprises the bats 蝙蝠，翼手目动物 □ chiropterous  adj.   [CHIRO- + Greek pteron ‘wing’]

chirp /tʃɜ:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. of small birds, grasshoppers, etc.) utter a short sharp high-pitched note (通常指小鸟、蚱蜢等)啁啾，唧唧叫 2 tr. & intr. (esp. of a child) speak or utter in a lively or jolly way (尤指孩子)嘁嘁喳喳地谈话 ●n.  a chirping sound (鸟的)啁啾声，(蚱蜢的)唧唧声 □ chirper  n.   [Middle English, earlier chirk, chirt: imitative]

chirpy /ˈtʃɜ:pi/ adj. (chirpier, chirpiest) colloq.  cheerful, lively [口]快活的，活泼的 □ chirpily  adv.  □ chirpiness  n.  

chirr /tʃɜ:/ v. & n. (also 亦作 churr) ●v. intr. (esp. of insects) make a prolonged low trilling sound (尤指昆虫)唧唧叫 ●n.  this sound 唧唧的叫声 [imitative]

chirrup /ˈtʃirəp/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (chirruped, chirruping) (esp. of small birds) chirp, esp. repeatedly; twitter (尤指小鸟不停地)吱吱叫 ●n.  a chirruping sound 不断的吱吱(或唧唧)声 □ chirrupy  adj.  快活的，活泼的，高兴的 [trilled form of CHIRP]

chisel /ˈtʃiz(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a hand tool with a squared bevelled blade for shaping wood, stone, or metal 凿子，錾子 ●v. (chiselled, chiselling; US [美] chiseled, chiseling)  1 tr.  cut or shape with a chisel 凿，雕，刻 2 tr. (as 作 chiselled adj.) (of facial features) clear-cut, fine (指面部特质)轮廓鲜明的，眉目清秀的 3 tr. & intr. slang  cheat, swindle [俚语]欺骗，诈骗 □ chiseller  n.   [Middle English from Old Norman French, ultimately from Late Latin cisorium from Latin caedere caes- ‘cut’]

chi-square test n.  a method of comparing observed and theoretical values in statistics 卡方检验法， X2 检验法

chit1 /tʃit/ n.  1 derog. or joc.  a young, small, or frail girl or woman (esp. 尤指 a chit of a girl 黄毛丫头) [贬] [诙]瘦小的姑娘，纤小的少妇 2  a young child 小孩 [Middle English, = whelp, cub, kitten, perhaps = dialect chit ‘sprout’]

chit2 /tʃit/ n.  1  a note of requisition; a note of a sum owed, esp. for food or drink 需求单；(尤指用膳后的)小额欠账字据 2 esp. Brit.  a note or memorandum [尤英]便条，备忘录 [earlier chitty: Anglo-Indian from Hindi citthī ‘pass’, from Sanskrit citra ‘mark’]

chital /ˈtʃi:t(ə)l/ n.  = AXIS2  [Hindi cītal]

chit-chat /ˈtʃittʃæt/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  light conversation; gossip 聊天；闲谈 ●v. intr. (-chatted, -chatting)  talk informally; gossip 聊天，闲谈 [reduplication of CHAT1]

chitin /ˈkaitin/ n. Chem.  a polysaccharide forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi 【化】几丁质，甲壳质，壳多糖 □ chitinous  adj.   [French chitine, formed irregularly from Greek khitōn: see CHITON]

chiton /ˈkaitɒn, -t(ə)n/ n.  1  a long woollen tunic worn by ancient Greeks (古希腊人穿的)宽大长袍 2  any marine mollusc of the class Amphineura, having a shell of overlapping plates 石鳖(多板纲软体动物，其甲壳由复叠的小板块组成) [Greek khitōn ‘tunic’]

chitterling /ˈtʃitəliŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the smaller intestines of pigs etc., esp. as cooked for food (尤指食用的)猪小肠 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

chitty /ˈtʃiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  = CHIT2 

chivalrous /ˈʃiv(ə)lrəs/ adj.  1 (usu. of a male) gallant, honourable, courteous (通常指男性)勇武的；正直的；谦恭的 2  involving or showing chivalry 骑士的，有骑士精神的 □ chivalrously  adv.   [Middle English from Old French chevalerous: see CHEVALIER]

chivalry /ˈʃiv(ə)lri/ n.  1  the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code (中世纪的)骑士制度 2  the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, esp. courage, honour, courtesy, justice, and readiness to help the weak 骑士精神(尤指勇武、荣誉感、谦恭、正义以及扶持弱小的品质) 3  a man's courteous behaviour, esp. towards women (尤指男子对女性的)彬彬有礼行为；骑士行为 4 archaic  knights, noblemen, and horsemen collectively [古义] (总称)骑士；豪侠之士；骑兵 □ chivalric  adj.   [Middle English via Old French chevalerie etc. from medieval Latin caballerius, for Late Latin caballarius ‘horseman’: see CAVALIER]

chive /tʃaiv/ n.  a small allium, Allium schoenoprasum, having purple-pink flowers and dense tufts of long tubular leaves which are used as a herb 细香葱(葱属植物，叶狭长呈管状，开紫红色花，用作草药) [Middle English via Old French cive from Latin cepa ‘onion’]

chivvy /ˈtʃivi/ v. tr. (also 亦作 chivy, chevy /ˈtʃevi/) (-ies, -ied)  hurry (a person) up; harass, nag; pursue 催促(某人)；(使)烦恼；困扰；追赶 [chevy (n. & v.), probably from a skirmish described in the ballad of Chevy Chase, a place on the Scottish border]

chlamydia /kləˈmidiə/ n. (pl. chlamydiae /-dii:/)  any small parasitic bacterium of the genus Chlamydia, e.g. those which cause diseases such as trachoma, psittacosis, and non-specific urethritis 衣原体(引起沙眼、鹦鹉热、尿道炎疾病的寄生细菌) [modern Latin, from Greek khlamus -udos ‘cloak’]

chlamydomonas /ˌklæmidəˈməʊnəs/ n.  a motile unicellular green alga of the genus Chlamydomonas (游动性单细胞)衣藻；衣滴虫 [modern Latin (as CHLAMYDIA)]

Chloe /ˈkləui/   克洛伊 [人名]

chlor- /klɔ:/ var.  of CHLORO-  CHLORO- 的变体

chloracne /klɔ:ˈrækni/ n. Med.  a skin disease resembling severe acne, caused by exposure to chlorinated chemicals 【医】氯痤疮 [CHLORINE + ACNE]

chloral /ˈklɔ:ræl/ n.  1  a colourless liquid aldehyde used in making DDT. 氯醛，三氯乙醛 2 (in full 全称 chloral hydrate) Pharm.  a colourless crystalline solid made from chloral and used as a sedative 【药】水合氯醛，结晶氯醛(用作安眠剂) [French from chlore ‘chlorine’ + alcool ‘alcohol’]

chloramphenicol /klɔ:ræmˈfenikɒl/ n. Pharm.  an antibiotic prepared from Streptomyces venezuelae or produced synthetically and used esp. against typhoid fever 【药】氯霉素 [CHLORO- + AMIDE + PHENO- + NITRO- + GLYCOL]

chlorate /ˈklɔ:reit/ n. Chem.  any salt of chloric acid 【化】氯酸盐

chlorella /kləˈrelə/ n.  a non-motile unicellular green alga of the genus Chlorella (非游动性单细胞)小球藻 [modern Latin, diminutive of Greek khlōros ‘green’]

chloric acid /ˈklɔ:rik/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid acid with strong oxidizing properties 【化】氯酸 [CHLORO- + -IC]

chloride /ˈklɔ:raid/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  any compound of chlorine with another element or group 氯化物 2  any bleaching agent containing chloride (含氯)漂白粉 [CHLORO- + -IDE]

chlorinate /ˈklɔ:rineit, ˈklɒ-/ v. tr.  1  impregnate or treat with chlorine 用氯浸渍，用氯处理 2 Chem.  cause to react or combine with chlorine 【化】使氯化，使与氯反应 □ chlorinator  n.  

chlorination /klɔ:riˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the treatment of water with chlorine to disinfect it (水的)氯化(消毒)处理 2 Chem.  a reaction in which chlorine is introduced into a compound 【化】氯化作用

chlorine /ˈklɔ:ri:n/ n. Chem.  a poisonous greenish-yellow gaseous element of the halogen group occurring naturally esp. as sodium chloride in salt, sea water, rock salt, etc., and used in disinfectants and bleaches, and the manufacture of many organic chemicals (symbol 符 Cl) 【化】(化学元素)氯 [Greek khlōros ‘green’ + -INE4]

chlorite1 /ˈklɔ:rait/ n. Mineral.  a dark green mineral found in many rocks, consisting of a basic aluminosiicate of magnesium, iron, etc. 【矿】绿泥石 □ chloritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.  

chlorite2 /ˈklɔ:rait/ n. Chem.  any salt of chlorous acid 【化】亚氯酸盐

chloro- /ˈklɔ:rəʊ, ˈklɒrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also 亦作 chlor- esp. before a vowel 尤用于元音前)  1 Biol. & Mineral.  green 【生】【矿】绿 2 Chem.  chlorine 【化】氯 [Greek khlōros ‘green’: in sense 2 from CHLORINE]

chlorofluorocarbon /ˌklɔ:rəʊflʊərəʊˈkɑ:b(ə)n/  see 见 CFC 

chloroform /ˈklɔ:rəfɔ:m, ˈklɒr-/ n. & v. ●n.  a colourless volatile sweet-smelling liquid used as a solvent and formerly as a general anaesthetic Chem. formula 化学分子式 :CHCl3 氯仿，三氯甲烷 ●v. tr.  render (a person) unconscious with this 用氯仿(使人)麻醉 [French chloroforme, formed as CHLORO- + formyle from FORMIC ACID]

Chloromycetin /klɔ:rə(ʊ)ˈmaisitin, klɒrə(ʊ)-, -maiˈsi:tin/ n. propr. [商标]  = CHLORAMPHENICOL  [CHLORO- + Greek mukēs -ētos ‘fungus’]

chlorophyll /ˈklɔ:rəfil, ˈklɒr-/ n.  the green pigment found in most plants, responsible for light absorption to provide energy by photosynthesis 叶绿素 □ chlorophyllous  /-ˈfiləs/ adj.   [French chlorophylle from Greek phullon ‘leaf’: see CHLORO-]

chloroplast /ˈklɔ:rəplæst, -plɑ:st, ˈklɒr-/ n.  a plastid containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells undergoing photosynthesis 叶绿体 [German: (as CHLORO-, PLASTID)]

chloroquine /ˈklɒrəkwi:n, ˈklɔ:r-/ n. Pharm.  a drug related to quinoline and used esp. against malaria 【药】氯奎，氯喹(用作抗疟药) [CHLORO- + QUININE]

chlorosis /klɒˈrəʊsis/ n.  1 Med.  a severe form of anaemia from iron deficiency esp. in young women, causing a greenish complexion (cf. 参见 GREENSICK) 【医】萎黄病，绿色贫血，萎黄病贫血 2 Bot.  a reduction or loss of the normal green coloration of leaves 【植】缺绿病，退绿病 □ chlorotic  adj.   [CHLORO- + -OSIS]

chlorous acid /ˈklɔ:rəs/ n. Chem.  a pale yellow liquid acid with oxidizing properties Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HClO2 【化】亚氯酸 [CHLORO- + -OUS]

chlorpromazine /klɔ:ˈprəʊməzin, -zi:n/ n. Pharm.  a drug used as a sedative and to control nausea and vomiting 【药】氯丙嗪，氯普马嗪(用作安定药) [French (as CHLORO-, PROMETHAZINE)]

Ch.M. abbr.  Master of Surgery [缩略]外科硕士 [Latin Chirurgiae Magister]

choc /tʃɒk/ n. & adj. Brit. colloq.  chocolate [英口]巧克力(的) [abbreviation]

chocaholic var.  of CHOCOHOLIC  CHOCOHOLIC 的变体

chocho /ˈtʃəʊtʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) W.Ind. [西印]  = CHOKO 

choc ice n. Brit.  a bar of ice cream covered with a thin coating of chocolate [英]紫雪糕，巧克力小冰砖

chock /tʃɒk/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  a block or wedge of wood to check motion, esp. of a cask or a wheel (尤指防止轮子、桶等移动的)塞块，垫块 ●v. tr.  1  fit or make fast with chocks 用塞块塞住，用垫块垫住 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit.  cram full [英]把…塞满 ●adv.  as closely or tightly as possible 紧紧地，满满地 [probably from Old French çouche, çoche ‘block, log’, of unknown origin]

chocka /ˈtʃɒkə/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = CHOCK-A-BLOCK  [abbreviation]

chock-a-block /tʃɒkəˈblɒk/ adj. & adv.  crammed close together; crammed full 塞满的(地)，挤满的(地)  a street chock-a-block with cars  挤满了汽车的大街 [originally nautical, with reference to tackle with the two blocks run close together]

chocker /ˈtʃɒkə/ adj. Brit. slang  fed up, disgusted [英] [俚语]不满的，厌倦的 [CHOCK-A-BLOCK]

chock-full /tʃɒkˈfʊl/ adj. & adv.  crammed full 塞满的(地)，装满的(地)  chock-full of rubbish  塞满了垃圾 [CHOCK + FULL1: Middle English chokkefulle (related to CHOKE1) is doubtful]

chockstone /ˈtʃɒkstəʊn/ n. Mountaineering  a stone wedged in a vertical cleft 【登山】楔石(塞在竖直裂缝里的石头)

chocoholic /tʃɒkəˈhɒlik/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 chocaholic) ●n.  a person who is addicted to or very fond of chocolate 食巧克力成瘾者，非常喜爱巧克力的人 ●adj.  of or relating to chocoholics 食巧克力成瘾的 [blend of CHOCOLATE and ALCOHOLIC]

chocolate /ˈtʃɒk(ə)lət/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a food preparation in the form of a paste or solid block made from roasted and ground cacao seeds, usually sweetened (糊状或块状)巧克力b  a sweet made of or coated with this 巧克力糖，夹心巧克力糖c  a drink made with chocolate 巧克力饮料 2  = CHOCOLATE BROWNn.  ●adj.  1  made from or of chocolate 用巧克力作的 2  = CHOCOLATE BROWNadj.  □ chocolatey  adj. (also 亦作 chocolaty)   [French chocolat or Spanish chocolate, from Nahuatl chocolatl]

chocolate box n.  1  a decorated box filled with chocolates (内装巧克力的)装潢精致的盒子 2 (chocolate-box 作 attrib.)  stereotypically pretty or romantic 装饰俗气的，伤感浪漫的

chocolate brown n. & adj. ●n.  a deep brown colour 深褐色，赭色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 深褐色的，赭色的

Choctaw /ˈtʃɒktɔ:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Choctaws)  1  a  a member of a N. American Indian people originally from Alabama 乔克托人(原居住在亚拉巴马州的美国印第安人)b  the language of this people 乔克托语 2 (in skating) a step from one edge of a skate to the other edge of the other skate in the opposite direction (滑冰)换脚转体 180 度 ●adj.  of or relating to the Choctaws or their language 乔克托人的，乔克托语的 [native name]

choice /tʃɔis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of choosing 选择，抉择b  a thing or person chosen 被选中的人(或物)  not a good choice  不是好的选择 2  a range from which to choose 供选择的范围(品种) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the elite, the best 精华，出类拔萃的人(或物) 4  the power or opportunity to choose 选择权；选择机会  what choice have I?  我有什么选择余地呢？ ●adj.  of superior quality; carefully chosen 优质的；精选的 □ choicely  adv.  □ choiceness  n.   [Middle English from Old French chois, from choisir CHOOSE]

choir /ˈkwaiə/ n.  1  a regular group of singers, esp. taking part in church services 合唱团，(尤指教堂礼拜时的)唱诗班，圣乐团 2  the part of a cathedral or large church between the altar and the nave, used by the choir and clergy 高坛(教堂内唱诗班或教士席位所在的部位) 3  a company of singers, birds, angels etc. 一群歌手(鸟、天使等)  a heavenly choir  一群天使 4 Mus.  a group of instruments of one family playing together 【音】(同时演奏的)一组同类乐器 [Middle English via Old French quer from Latin chorus: see CHORUS]

choirboy /ˈkwaiəbɔi/ n. (fem. choirgirl /-ɡɜ:l/)  a boy or girl who sings in a church or cathedral choir 唱诗班中的男(女)童歌手

choirman /ˈkwaiəmən/ n. (pl. choirmen)  a man who sings in a choir 合唱团的男歌手

choir organ n.  the softest of three parts making up a large organ having its row of keys the lowest of the three 唱诗风琴

choir stall n.  = STALL1n. 3a 

choke1 /tʃəʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hinder or impede the breathing of (a person or animal) esp. by constricting the windpipe or (of gas, smoke, etc.) by being unbreathable 使窒息；把…掐死；把…闷死 2 intr.  suffer a hindrance or stoppage of breath 窒息；噎住；呛 3 tr. & intr.  make or become speechless from emotion (使) (激动得)说不出话来 4 tr.  retard the growth of or kill (esp. plants) by the deprivation of light, air, nourishment, etc. 扼杀，遏制(植物的)生长 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 back)  suppress (feelings) with difficulty 抑制(感情) 6 tr.  block or clog (a passage, tube, etc.) 塞满，堵塞(通道、管道等) 7 tr. (as 作 choked adj.) Brit. colloq.  disgusted, disappointed [英口]使厌恶的，使失望的 8 tr.  enrich the fuel mixture in (an internal-combustion engine) by reducing the intake of air 阻塞内燃机气门(以提高燃料混合物的浓度) ●n.  1  the valve in the carburettor of an internal-combustion engine that controls the intake of air, esp. to enrich the fuel mixture (控制内燃机进气量的)阻气门，阻塞门 2 Electr.  an inductance coil used to smooth the variations of an alternating current or to alter its phase 【电】扼流圈 □ choke down   swallow with difficulty 硬咽；强抑□ choke up   block (a channel etc.) 堵塞，阻塞(管道等) [Middle English from Old English ɑˉcēocian, from cēoce, cē(a)ce CHEEK]

choke2 /tʃəʊk/ n.  the centre part of an artichoke 洋蓟的中心部分 [probably a confusion of the ending of artichoke with CHOKE1]

chokeberry /ˈtʃəʊkb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a shrub of the genus Aronia (rose family) 北美沙果灌木(蔷薇科植物) 2  its scarlet berry-like fruit 北美沙果

choke chain n.  a chain looped round a dog's neck to exert control by pressure on its windpipe when the dog pulls (驯狗时使用的)能抽紧的狗颈圈

choke cherry n.  an astringent N. American cherry, Prunus virginiana 美国稠李(樱桃属，味涩)

choke-damp n.  carbon dioxide in mines, wells, etc. (矿井、水井等中的)窒息性气体，二氧化碳气体

choker /ˈtʃəʊkə/ n.  1  a close-fitting necklace or ornamental neckband (贴颈的)短项链；(装饰用)领圈 2  a clerical or other high collar 牧师领；硬高领

choko /ˈtʃəʊkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. & NZ  a succulent green pear-shaped vegetable like a cucumber in flavour [澳新]佛手瓜(其味道似黄瓜) [Brazilian Indian chocho]

choky1 /ˈtʃəʊki/ n. (also 亦作 chokey) (pl. -ies or -eys) Brit. slang  prison [英] [俚语]监狱，拘留所 [originally Anglo-Indian, from Hindi caukī ‘shed’]

choky2 /ˈtʃəʊki/ adj. (chokier, chokiest)  tending to choke or to cause choking 使人窒息的，气闷的

cholangiography /ˌkɒlændʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction 【医】胆管造影术 [CHOLE- + Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + -GRAPHY]

chole- /ˈkɒli/ comb. form (also 亦作 chol- esp. before a vowel 尤用于元音前) Med. & Chem.  bile [构词成分]【医】【化】胆汁，胆囊 [Greek kholē ‘gall, bile’]

cholecalciferol /ˌkɒlikælˈsif(ə)rɒl/ n.  one of the D vitamins, produced by the action of sunlight on a cholesterol derivative widely distributed in the skin, a deficiency of which results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults Also called 亦称作 vitamin D3 胆钙化(甾)醇 [CHOLE- + CALCIFEROL]

cholecystography /ˌkɒlisiˈstɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  X-ray examination of the gall bladder, esp. used to detect the presence of gallstones 【医】胆囊造影术，胆囊照相术 [CHOLE- + CYSTO- + -GRAPHY]

choler /ˈkɒlə/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  = YELLOW BILE  2 poet. or archaic  anger, irascibility [诗] [古义]愤怒；易怒气质 [Middle English via Old French colere ‘bile, anger’ and Latin cholera from Greek kholera ‘diarrhoea’, in Late Latin = bile, anger, from Greek kholē ‘bile’]

cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. Med.  an infectious and often fatal disease of the small intestine caused by the mainly water-borne bacterium Vibrio cholerae, resulting in severe vomiting and diarrhoea 【医】霍乱 □ choleraic  /-ˈreiik/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin from Greek kholera: see CHOLER]

choleric /ˈkɒlərik/ adj.  irascible, angry 易怒的，暴躁的；激怒的，生气的 □ cholerically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French cholerique and Latin cholericus from Greek kholerikos: see CHOLER]

cholesterol /kəˈlestərɒl/ n. Biochem.  a sterol found in most body tissues, including the blood, where high concentrations can promote arteriosclerosis 【生化】胆固醇，胆甾醇 [earlier cholesterin from Greek kholē ‘bile’ + stereos ‘stiff’]

choli /ˈtʃəʊli/ n. (pl. cholis)  a type of short-sleeved bodice worn by Indian women (印度妇女穿的)短袖紧身胸衣 [Hindi colī]

choliamb /ˈkəʊliæm(b)/ n. Prosody 【诗体】  = SCAZON  □ choliambic  /kəʊliˈæmbik/ adj.   [Late Latin choliambus from Greek khōliambos, from khōlos ‘lame’: see IAMBUS]

choline /ˈkəʊli:n, -in/ n. Biochem.  a basic nitrogenous organic compound occurring widely in living matter 【生化】胆碱 [German Cholin from Greek kholē ‘bile’]

cholla /ˈtʃɔiə/ n.  any of several opuntias of Mexico and the south-west US (产于墨西哥及美国西南部的)仙人掌 [Mexican Spanish, literally ‘skull, head’]

chomp /tʃɒmp/ v. tr.  = CHAMP1  [imitative]

Chomskian /ˈtʃɒmskiən/ adj.  of or relating to N.L. Chomsky, American linguist (b. 1928), or his work (关于)乔姆斯基(美国当代语言学家，生于 1928 年)的；(关于)乔姆斯基的作品的

chondrite /ˈkɒndrait/ n.  a stony meteorite containing small mineral granules 球粒陨石 [German Chondrit from Greek khondros ‘granule’]

chondrocranium /kɒndrəʊˈkreiniəm/ n. Anat.  the embryonic skull composed of cartilage and later replaced by bone 【解】软骨颅 [Greek khondros ‘grain, cartilage’]

choo-choo /ˈtʃu:tʃu:/ n. (also 亦作 choo-choo train) colloq. (esp. as a child's word) a railway train or locomotive, esp. a steam engine [口] (尤儿童用语)火车，(尤指)蒸汽机车 [imitative]

chook /tʃʊk/ n. (also 亦作 chookie /ˈtʃʊki/) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1 colloq.  a chicken or fowl [口]鸡，家禽 2 slang  an older woman [俚语]老年妇女 [English dialect chuck ‘chicken’]

choose /tʃu:z/ v. (past chose /tʃəʊz/; past part. chosen /ˈtʃəʊz(ə)n/)  1 tr.  select out of a greater number (从众多数目中)挑选，选择 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 between, from)  take or select one or another (从两者中)挑选 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  decide, be determined 决定；决心  chose to stay behind  决定留下来 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 complement)  select as 推举，选举  was chosen king  被推举为国王 5 tr. Theol. (esp. as 尤作 chosen adj.)  destine to be saved 【神】注定被拯救  God's chosen people  上帝拯救的子民 □ cannot choose but  archaic  must [古义]必须；不得不□ nothing (or little) to choose between them   they are equivalent 两者不相上下(或十分相似)□ chooser  n.   [Old English cēosan, from Germanic]

choosy /ˈtʃu:zi/ adj. (choosier, choosiest) colloq.  fastidious [口]爱挑剔的，过分讲究的，难以取悦的 □ choosily  adv.  □ choosiness  n.  

chop1 /tʃɒp/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (chopped, chopping)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, down, etc.)  cut or fell by a blow, usu. with an axe (通常指用斧子)砍，劈；伐，砍倒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cut (esp. meat or vegetables) into small pieces (尤指将肉或蔬菜)切碎，剁碎 3  strike (esp. a ball) with a short heavy edgewise blow 削击，切击(尤指球) 4  cut as if by chopping; dispense with; reduce, shorten 削减；屏弃；减少；缩短  chopped £ 100 off the budget  将预算削减 100 英镑 chopped the penultimate scene from the play  将该剧的倒数第二幕删掉 chopped his sentence short  为他减刑 ●n.  1  a cutting blow, esp. with an axe (尤指用斧子)砍；劈 2  a thick slice of meat (esp. pork or lamb) usu. including a rib (尤指猪肉或羊肉的)排骨，肋条肉 3  a short heavy edgewise stroke or blow in tennis, cricket, boxing, etc. (网球、板球、拳击等)削，切击 4  the broken motion of water, usu. owing to the action of the wind against the tide (通常风迎着潮水吹引起的)碎浪，水的碎裂运动 5 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  dismissal from employment 解雇，辞退b  the action of killing or being killed (被)杀死c  cancellation (of a project etc.) 取消(计划等) [Middle English, variant of CHAP1]

chop2 /tʃɒp/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the jaw of an animal etc. (动物的)颌，口部 [16th-c. variant (occurring earlier) of CHAP3, of unknown origin]

chop3 /tʃɒp/ v. intr. (chopped, chopping)   □ chop and change  Brit.  vacillate; change direction frequently [英]变化无常；不断改变方向 [Middle English, = barter, exchange, perhaps related to chap (as in CHAPMAN) from Old English cēapian (as CHEAP)]

chop4 /tʃɒp/ n. Brit. archaic  a trade mark; a brand of goods [英古义]商标；品牌 □ not much chop  esp. Austral. & NZ  no good [尤澳新]不好，无价值 [originally in India & China, from Hindi chɑˉp ‘an official stamp’]

chop-chop /tʃɒpˈtʃɒp/ adv. & int. (pidgin English) quickly, quick (洋泾浜英语)快，赶快 [Chinese dialect k'wɑˆi-k'wɑˆi]

chop logic v. intr.  argue pedantically 咬文嚼字，作细致而烦琐的辩论 [CHOP3]

chopper /ˈtʃɒpə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a short axe with a large blade [英]斧头b  a butcher's cleaver 屠刀，切肉刀 2 colloq.  a helicopter [口]直升飞机 3  a device for regularly interrupting an electric current or light beam 断路器；斩光器 4  a type of bicycle (Chopper propr. [商标]), or motorcycle, with high handlebars 高把拱起式自行车(或摩托车) 5 (in pl. 用复数) slang  teeth [俚语]牙齿

choppy /ˈtʃɒpi/ adj. (choppier, choppiest) (of the sea, the weather, etc.) fairly rough (海洋)波浪滔滔的；(天气)相当恶劣的 □ choppily  adv.  □ choppiness  n.   [CHOP1 + -Y1]

chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstik/ n.  each of a pair of small thin sticks of wood or ivory etc., held both in one hand as eating utensils by the Chinese, Japanese, etc. 筷子 [pidgin English from chop = quick + STICK1, equivalent of Cantonese k'wɑˆi-tsze ‘nimble ones’]

chop suey /tʃɒpˈsu:i/ n. (pl. -eys)  a Chinese-style dish of meat stewed and fried with bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, onions, and served with rice 炒杂碎(一种中式炒菜，配料为炖肉与豆芽、竹笋、洋葱等) [Cantonese shap sui ‘mixed bits’]

choral /ˈkɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  of, for, or sung by a choir or chorus 合唱队的，为唱诗班创作的；合唱的 □ chorally  adv.   [medieval Latin choralis from Latin chorus: see CHORUS]

chorale /kɒˈrɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 choral)  1  a stately and simple hymn tune; a harmonized version of this (庄重而简单的)赞美诗曲调；合唱赞美诗 2 esp. US  a choir or choral society [尤美]合唱队，唱诗班 [German Choral (gesang) from medieval Latin cantus choralis]

choral ode n.  a song of the chorus in a Greek drama (古希腊戏剧中的)合唱歌

choral society n.  a group which meets regularly to sing choral music 合唱团，合唱会

chord1 /kɔ:d/ n. Mus.  a group of (usu. three or more) notes sounded together, as a basis of harmony 【音】和弦，和音(通常由 3 或 3 个以上的音符组成) □ chordal  adj.   [originally cord from ACCORD: later confused with CHORD2]

chord2 /kɔ:d/ n.  1 Math. & Aeron.  etc. a straight line joining the ends of an arc, the wings of an aeroplane, etc. 【数】弦；【空】翼弦，翼张 2 Anat. 【解】  = CORD 2  3 poet.  the string of a harp etc. [诗] (竖琴等的)弦 4 Engin.  one of the two principal members, usu. horizontal, of a truss 【工程】弦杆，桁弦，桁架弦杆 □ strike a chord   1  recall something to a person's memory 回想起(某事) 2  elicit sympathy 引起同情□ touch the right chord   appeal skilfully to the emotions 扣人心弦□ chordal  adj.   [16th-c. refashioning of CORD reflecting its source, Latin chorda]

chordate /ˈkɔ:deit/ n. & adj. ●n.  any animal of the phylum Chordata, possessing a notochord at some stage during its development 脊索动物 ●adj.  of or relating to the chordates 脊索动物门的，有脊索的 [modern Latin chordata from Latin chorda CHORD2, on the pattern of Vertebrata etc.]

chording /ˈkɔ:diŋ/ n. Mus.  the playing, singing, or arrangement of chords 【音】(和声中的)和弦分布 □ chord  v. intr.  

chore /tʃɔ:/ n.  a tedious or routine task, esp. a domestic one (日常乏味的)杂务；(尤指)家庭琐事 [originally dialect and US form of CHAR2]

chorea /kɒˈriə/ n. Med.  a disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting esp. the shoulders, hips, and face 【医】舞蹈病 [Latin from Greek khoreia ‘dance’ (as CHORUS)]

choreograph /ˈkɒriəɡrɑ:f/ v. tr.  compose the choreography for (a ballet etc.) 为(芭蕾舞等)设计舞蹈动作 □ choreographer  /-iˈɒɡrəfə/ n.   [back-formation from CHOREOGRAPHY]

choreography /kɒriˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the design or arrangement of a ballet or other staged dance (芭蕾舞或其他舞剧的)舞步设计(编排) 2  the sequence of steps and movements in dance 舞步(动作) 3  the written notation for this 舞步谱号 □ choreographic  /kɒriəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ choreographically  /kɒriəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek khoreia ‘dance’ + -GRAPHY]

choreology /kɒriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study and description of the movements of dancing 舞谱学 □ choreologist  n.  

choriambus /kɒriˈæmbəs/ n. (pl. choriambi /-bai/) Prosody  a metrical foot consisting of two short (unstressed) syllables between two long (stressed) ones 【诗体】(诗律中的)扬抑抑扬格，长短短长格 □ choriambic  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek khoriambos, from khoreios ‘of the dance’ + IAMBUS]

choric /ˈkɒrik, ˈkɔ:rik/ adj.  of, like, or for a chorus in drama or recitation (戏剧中)合唱的，适于合唱的；(朗诵)齐诵的 [Late Latin choricus from Greek khorikos (as CHORUS)]

chorine /ˈkɔ:ri:n/ n.  a chorus girl (歌舞喜剧等中的)歌舞队女演员 [CHORUS + -INE3]

chorion /ˈkɔ:riən/ n.  the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal (爬行动物、鸟类或哺乳动物胚胎的)绒毛膜；浆膜 □ chorionic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Greek khorion]

chorister /ˈkɒristə/ n.  1  a member of a choir, esp. a choirboy or choirgirl 合唱队队员，(尤指唱诗班的)男(女)童歌手 2 US  the leader of a church choir [美]唱诗班领队 [Middle English, ultimately from Old French cueriste from quer CHOIR]

chorography /kɔ:ˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  the systematic description of regions or districts (某地区的)方志；地方志编写术 □ chorographer  n.  □ chorographic  /kɒrəˈɡræfik/ adj.   [French chorographie or Latin chorographia from Greek khōrographia, from khōra ‘region’]

choroid /ˈkɔ:rɔid, ˈkɒr-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  like a chorion in shape or vascularity 似绒毛膜的，膜状的；脉络膜的 ●n. (in full 全称 choroid coat or membrane)  a layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera (眼球视网膜与巩膜之间的)脉络膜 [Greek khoroeidēs for khorioeidēs: see CHORION]

chortle /ˈtʃɔ:t(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  chuckle gleefully 咯咯地欢笑 ●n.  a gleeful chuckle 咯咯的欢笑声 [portmanteau word coined by Lewis Carroll, probably from CHUCKLE + SNORT]

chorus /ˈkɔ:rəs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. choruses)  1  a group (esp. a large one) of singers; a choir (尤指大型)合唱队，合唱团 2  a piece of music composed for a choir 合唱曲 3  the refrain or the main part of a popular song, in which a chorus participates 叠歌，副歌(流行歌曲的合唱或主题部分) 4  any simultaneous utterance by many persons etc. 齐声，异口同声；齐声说的话  a chorus of disapproval followed  随后是一片不赞成的呼声 5  a group of singers and dancers performing in concert in a musical comedy, opera, etc. (歌舞喜剧、戏剧等中的)歌舞队 6 Gk Antiq. [古希腊]  a  in Greek tragedy, a group of performers who comment together in voice and movement on the main action (古希腊悲剧中为剧中事件作评注的)歌舞队b  an utterance of the chorus (歌舞队的)唱词 7  esp. in Elizabethan drama, a character who speaks the prologue and other linking parts of the play (尤指伊丽莎白时代喜剧中的)朗诵开场白及其他解说词的角色 8  the part spoken by this character 开场白，解说词 ●v. tr. & intr. (chorused, chorusing) (of a group) speak or utter simultaneously 异口同声地说；随声附和 □ in chorus  (uttered) together; in unison 齐声(说)，共同，一致 [Latin, from Greek khoros]

chorus girl n.  a young woman who sings or dances in the chorus of a musical comedy etc. (音乐喜剧等中的)歌舞队女演员

chose past  of CHOOSE  

chosen past part.  of CHOOSE  

chough /tʃʌf/ n.  a bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax (crow family), with glossy blue-black plumage and red legs 山鸦(鸦科鸟，红腿，羽毛蓝黑色，有光泽) [Middle English, probably originally imitative]

choux pastry /ʃu:/ n.  very light pastry enriched with eggs 鸡蛋松软面团 [French, pl. of chou ‘cabbage, rosette’: in English originally a round cream-filled pastry]

chow /tʃaʊ/ n.  1 slang  food [俚语]食物，食品 2 offens.  a Chinese [冒犯]中国佬 3  a  a dog of a Chinese breed with long hair and bluish-black tongue 中国长毛狗b  this breed 中国长毛狗品种 [shortened from CHOW-CHOW]

chow-chow /ˈtʃaʊtʃaʊ/ n.  1  = CHOW 1, 2, 3  2  a Chinese preserve of ginger, orange peel, etc., in syrup (用果皮、姜片等制作的)中国蜜饯，什锦蜜饯 3  a mixed vegetable pickle 什锦腌菜，什锦酱菜 [pidgin English]

chowder /ˈtʃaʊdə/ n. N. Amer.  a rich soup usu. containing fresh fish, clams, or corn with potatoes, onions, etc. [北美]海鲜杂烩浓汤 [perhaps French chaudière ‘pot’: see CAULDRON]

chowkidar /ˈtʃəʊkidɑ:/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a watchman or gatekeeper [印英]巡夜人，看门人 [Urdu chaukīdɑˉr]

chow mein /tʃaʊ ˈmein/ n.  a Chinese-style dish of fried noodles with shredded meat or shrimps etc. and vegetables (中国式)炒面 [Chinese chao mian ‘fried flour’]

Chr. abbr. [缩略]  Chronicles (Old Testament) 

chrestomathy /kreˈstɒməθi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a selection of passages used esp. to help in learning a language (尤指供语言学习用的)文选，文摘 [French chrestomathie or Greek khrēstomatheia, from khrēstos ‘useful’ + -matheia ‘learning’]

Chris /kris/   克里斯 [人名]

chrism /ˈkriz(ə)m/ n.  a consecrated oil or unguent used esp. for anointing in Catholic and Greek Orthodox rites (基督教和希腊正教的)圣膏，圣油 [Old English crisma via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek khrisma ‘anointing’]

chrisom /ˈkriz(ə)m/ n.  1  = CHRISM  2 (in full 全称 chrisom-cloth) hist.  a white robe put on a child at baptism, and used as its shroud if it died within the month [史义] (婴儿的)白洗礼服 [Middle English, as popular pronunciation of CHRISM]

Chrissie /ˈkrisi/   克里西 [人名]

Christ /kraist/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the title, also now treated as a name, given to Jesus of Nazareth, believed by Christians to have fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of a coming Messiah 基督(原为耶稣的头衔，现成为其名字的一部分) 2  the Messiah as prophesied in the Old Testament (《圣经·旧约》中的)弥赛亚，救世主 3  an image or picture of Jesus 耶稣像，耶稣偶像 ●int. slang  expressing surprise, anger, etc. [俚语]哎呀！岂有此理！(表示惊讶、愤怒等) □ Christhood  n.  □ Christlike  adj.  □ Christly  adj.   [Old English Crīst via Latin Christus from Greek khristos ‘anointed one’, from khriō ‘anoint’: translation of Hebrew mɑˉšîaḥ MESSIAH]

Christadelphian /kristəˈdelfiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a Christian sect rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity and expecting a second coming of Christ on earth 基督弟兄会会员(该教派不接受三位一体说，主张基督的第二次降临) ●adj.  of or adhering to this sect and its beliefs 基督弟兄会的，基督弟兄会会员的 [CHRIST + Greek adelphos ‘brother’]

christen /ˈkris(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  give a Christian name to at baptism as a sign of admission to a Christian Church 给…取教名(或洗礼名) 2  give a name to (a thing), esp. formally or with a ceremony (尤指正式地或举行仪式)为(某物)命名 3 colloq.  use for the first time [口]首次使用 □ christener  n.  □ christening  n.  (基督教)洗礼，洗礼命名仪式 [Old English crīstnian ‘make Christian’]

Christendom /ˈkris(ə)ndəm/ n.  Christians worldwide, regarded as a collective body (总称)基督教徒 [Old English cristendōm, from cristen CHRISTIAN + -DOM]

Christian /ˈkristʃ(ə)n, -tiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Christ's teaching or religion 基督教义的；基督教的 2  believing in or following the religion of Jesus Christ 信仰基督教的 3  showing the qualities associated with Christ's teaching 表现基督精神的 4 colloq. (of a person) kind, fair, decent [口] (指人)善良的，诚实的，正派的 ●n.  1  a  a person who has received Christian baptism 受过洗礼的人b  an adherent of Christ's teaching 基督教徒，基督信徒 2  a person exhibiting Christian qualities 具有基督品质的人 □ Christianize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  使成为基督教徒，使基督教化□ Christianization  /ˌkristʃ(ə)naiˈzeiʃ(ə)n, -tiən-/ n.  □ Christianly  adv.   [Latin Christianus from Christus CHRIST]

Christian era n.  the era reckoned from the traditional date of Christ's birth 基督纪元，公元

Christianity /kristiˈæniti/ n.  1  the Christian religion; its beliefs and practices 基督教；基督教信仰 2  being a Christian; Christian quality or character 基督教徒；基督教精神，基督教品格 3  = CHRISTENDOM  [Middle English cristianite from Old French crestienté, from crestien CHRISTIAN]

Christian name n.  a forename, esp. as given at baptism 教名，(尤指)洗礼名

Christian Science n.  the beliefs and practices of The Church of Christ Scientist, a Christian body founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1879, and holding that only God and the mind have ultimate reality, sin and illness being illusions overcome by prayer and faith 基督教科学派 (1879 年由玛丽·贝克·艾迪创立的基督教派别，认为只有上帝和意识才具有最高实在性，罪恶和疾病都是些错觉，必须通过祈祷和信仰来克服) □ Christian Scientist  n.  

Christie /ˈkristi/ n. (also 亦作 Christy) (pl. -ies) Skiing  a sudden turn in which the skis are kept parallel, used for changing direction fast or stopping short 【滑雪】挪威式转弯，制动转弯 [abbreviation of Christiania (now Oslo) in Norway]

Christina /krisˈti:nə/   克里斯蒂娜 [人名]

Christine /ˈkristi:n, krisˈti:n/   克里斯廷 [人名]

Christingle /ˈkristiŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a lighted candle symbolizing Christ as the light of the world, held by children esp. at Advent services (尤指圣诞火礼拜式时举在儿童手中象征基督的)点燃的蜡烛 [perhaps from German Christkindl, diminutive of Christkind ‘Christ child’]

Christmas /ˈkrisməs/ n. & int. ●n. (pl. Christmases)  1 (also 亦作 Christmas Day)  the annual festival of Christ's birth, celebrated on 25 Dec 圣诞节 (12 月 25 日) 2  the season in which this occurs; the time immediately before and after 25 Dec 圣诞节期 (12 月 25 日前后的数日) ●int. slang  expressing surprise, dismay, etc. [俚语]哎呀，唉(表示惊讶、沮丧等) □ Christmassy  adj.  有圣诞节气氛的，适合于圣诞节的 [Old English Crīstes mœsse (MASS)]

Christmas box n. Brit.  a present or gratuity given at Christmas esp. to tradesmen and employees [英] (尤指送给小商贩或雇员的)圣诞节礼物，圣诞赏钱

Christmas cake n. Brit.  a rich fruit cake usu. covered with marzipan and icing and eaten at Christmas [英]圣诞节蛋糕(通常覆有杏仁蛋白糊、糖霜等，圣诞节时食用)

Christmas card n.  a card sent with greetings at Christmas 圣诞贺卡

Christmas Eve n.  the day or the evening before Christmas Day 圣诞节除夕，圣诞夜

Christmas pudding n. Brit.  a rich boiled pudding eaten at Christmas, made with flour, suet, dried fruit, etc. [英]圣诞布丁(圣诞节时食用的一种干果布丁)

Christmas rose n.  a small white-flowered winter-blooming plant, Helleborus niger 黑儿波(一种冬季开小白花的植物)

Christmas stocking n.  a real or ornamental stocking hung up by children on Christmas Eve for Father Christmas to fill with presents 圣诞长袜(圣诞节前夕挂起供圣诞老人放礼物用)

Christmas tree n.  an evergreen (usu. spruce) or artificial tree set up with decorations at Christmas 圣诞树

Christo- /ˈkristəʊ/ comb. form  Christ [构词成分]基督

Christology /kriˈstɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of theology relating to Christ 基督学(神学中研究耶稣基督品德、行为的分科) □ Christological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

Christopher /ˈkristəfə/   克里斯托弗 [人名]

Christy var.  of CHRISTIE  CHRISTIE 的变体

chroma /ˈkrəʊmə/ n.  purity or intensity of colour 色品；色品度；色饱和度 [Greek khrōma ‘colour’]

chromate /ˈkrəʊmeit/ n. Chem.  a salt in which the anion contains both chromium (esp. in a higher valency) and oxygen 【化】(尤指化合键高的)铬酸盐；铬酸酯

chromatic /krə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  1  of or produced by colour; in (esp. bright) colours 颜色的，有颜色的，(尤指)色彩鲜艳的 2 Mus. 【音】  a  of or having notes not belonging to a diatonic scale 半音的，有半音节的b (of a scale) ascending or descending by semitones (指音阶)升(或降)半音的 □ chromatically  adv.  □ chromaticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [French chromatique or Latin chromaticus from Greek khrōmatikos, from khrōma -atos ‘colour’]

chromatic aberration n. Optics  the failure of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation to come to the same focus after refraction 【光学】色(像)差

chromaticity /krəʊməˈtisiti/ n.  the quality of colour regarded independently of brightness 色度；色品；颜色类型

chromatic semitone n. Mus.  an interval between a note and its flat or sharp 【音】变化半音

chromatid /ˈkrəʊmətid/ n. Biol.  either of two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division 【生】染色半体，染色单体 [Greek khrōma -atos ‘colour’ + -ID2]

chromatin /ˈkrəʊmətin/ n. Biochem.  the material in a cell nucleus that stains with basic dyes and consists of protein, RNA, and DNA, of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed 【生化】染色质，核染质；性染色质 [German: see CHROMATID]

chromato- /ˈkrəʊmətəʊ/ comb. form (also 亦作 chromo- /ˈkrəʊməʊ/)  colour (chromatopsia 色视症，部分色盲) [构词成分]颜色 [Greek khrōma -atos ‘colour’]

chromatography /krəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/ n. Chem.  a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates 【化】色谱法 □ chromatograph  /-ˈmætəɡrɑ:f/ n.  □ chromatographic  /-mətə(ʊ)ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [German Chromatographie (as CHROMATO-, -GRAPHY)]

chromatopsia /krəʊməˈtɒpsiə/ n. Med.  abnormally coloured vision 【医】色视症；部分色盲 [CHROMATO- + Greek -opsia ‘seeing’]

chrome /krəʊm/ n.  1  chromium, esp. as plating 铬(尤作镀铬层) 2 (in full 全称 chrome yellow)  a yellow pigment obtained from lead chromate 铬黄颜料 [French, = chromium, from Greek khrōma ‘colour’]

chrome leather n.  leather tanned with chromium salts 铬(鞣)革

chrome steel n.  a hard fine-grained steel containing much chromium and used for tools etc. 铬钢

chromic /ˈkrəʊmik/ adj. Chem.  of or containing trivalent chromium 【化】铬的；含铬的，含三价铬的

chromic acid n.  an acid that exists only in solution or in the form of chromate salts 铬酸

chrominance /ˈkrəʊminəns/ n. Telev.  the colorimetric difference between a given colour and a standard colour of equal luminance 【电视】色品，色度(一种颜色与相同亮度的指定参考色之间的差异) [Greek khrōma ‘colour’ + LUMINANCE]

chromite /ˈkrəʊmait/ n.  1 Mineral.  a black mineral of chromium and iron oxides, which is the principal ore of chromium 【矿】铬铁矿 2 Chem.  a salt of divalent chromium 【化】亚铬酸盐，(二价)铬盐

chromium /ˈkrəʊmiəm/ n. Chem.  a hard white metallic transition element, occurring naturally as chromite and used as a shiny decorative electroplated coating (symbol 符 Cr) 【化】(化学元素)铬 [modern Latin from French CHROME]

chromium-plate n. & v. ●n.  an electrolytically deposited protective coating of chromium 镀铬层 ●v. tr.  1  coat with this 镀铬 2 (as 作 chromium-plated adj.)  pretentiously decorative 花哨的，打扮俗气的

chromium steel n.  = CHROME STEEL 

chromo-1 /ˈkrəʊməʊ/ comb. form Chem.  chromium [构词成分]【化】铬

chromo-2 var.  of CHROMATO-  CHROMATO- 的变体

chromodynamics  see 见 QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS 

chromolithograph /krəʊməʊˈliθəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  a coloured picture printed by lithography 彩色石印画 ●v. tr.  print or produce by this process 用彩色石版(或平版)印刷 □ chromolithographer  /-ˈθɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ chromolithographic  /-ˌliθəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ chromolithography  /-liˈθɒɡrəfi/ n.  

chromosome /ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/ n. Biol.  each of the rodlike or threadlike structures of DNA and protein found in the nuclei of cells that carry the genetic information in the form of genes 【生】(动植物细胞核中携带遗传信息的)染色体 □ chromosomal  adj.   [German Chromosom (as CHROMO-2, -SOME3)]

chromosome map n.  a plan showing the relative positions of genes along the length of a chromosome (展现染色体上基因位置的)示意图

chromosphere /ˈkrəʊməsfiə/ n.  a gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere between the photosphere and the corona 色球层(位于大气层光球层和日华之间) □ chromospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.   [CHROMO-2 + SPHERE]

Chron. abbr. [缩略]  Chronicles (Old Testament) 

chronic /ˈkrɒnik/ adj.  1  persisting for a long time (usu. of an illness or a personal or social problem) (疾病)慢性的；(个人或社会问题)长期的，不断的 2  having a chronic complaint 总是抱怨的 3 colloq.  habitual, inveterate [口]积习难改的，根深蒂固的  a chronic liar  积习难改的撒谎者 4 Brit. colloq.  very bad; intense, severe [英口]非常坏的；强烈的；严重的 □ chronically  adv.  □ chronicity  /krɒˈnisiti/ n.   [French chronique from Latin chronicus (in Late Latin of disease), from Greek khronikos from khronos ‘time’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of chronic in sense 3 is very informal, and its use in sense 4 is considered incorrect by some people. Chronic 的释义 3 是很不正规的用法；释义 4 则被一些人认为是错误的。 

chronic fatigue syndrome n.  = ME 2 

chronicle /ˈkrɒnik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a register of events in order of their occurrence 编年史，年代记 2  a narrative, a full account 记事，叙述 3 (作 Chronicles)  the name of two of the historical books of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible (《圣经·旧约》或希伯来《圣经》中的)《历代志》 ●v. tr.  record (events) in the order of their occurrence 把(事件)载入编年史；记录，记载 □ chronicler  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French cronicle, ultimately via Latin chronica from Greek khronika ‘annals’: see CHRONIC]

chrono- /ˈkrɒnəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  time 时间 [Greek khronos ‘time’]

chronograph /ˈkrɒnəɡrɑ:f/ n.  1  an instrument for recording time with extreme accuracy 精密记时仪；记时器 2  a stopwatch 跑表，秒表 □ chronographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  

chronological /krɒnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a number of events) arranged or regarded in the order of their occurrence (指一系列事件)按发生顺序排列的 2  of or relating to chronology 年代学的 □ chronologically  adv.  

chronology /krəˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the study of historical records to establish the dates of past events 年代学 2  a  the arrangement of events, dates, etc. in the order of their occurrence (事件、日期等)按发生顺序的排列b  a table or document displaying this 年表 □ chronologist  n.  □ chronologize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  按年代顺序排列，确定(事件的)时间顺序 [modern Latin chronologia (as CHRONO-, -LOGY)]

chronometer /krəˈnɒmitə/ n.  a time-measuring instrument, esp. one keeping accurate time in spite of motion and variation in temperature, humidity, etc., and used in navigation 精确记时计；(航海)天文钟

chronometry /krəˈnɒmitri/ n.  the science of accurate time-measurement 计时学，精密计时法 □ chronometric  /krɒnəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ chronometrical  /krɒnəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ chronometrically  /krɒnəˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  

chrysalid /ˈkris(ə)lid/ n.  = CHRYSALIS  [formed as CHRYSALIS]

chrysalis /ˈkris(ə)lis/ n. (pl. chrysalises or chrysalides /kriˈsælidi:z/)  1  a  a quiescent pupa of a butterfly or moth 蝶蛹，蛾蛹b  the hard outer case enclosing it 蛹壳，虫茧 2  a preparatory or transitional state 预备(或转化)阶段 [Latin from Greek khrusallis -idos, from khrusos ‘gold’]

chrysanth /kriˈsænθ, -z-/ n. Brit. colloq.  a cultivated chrysanthemum [英口] (人工栽培的)菊，菊花 [abbreviation]

chrysanthemum /kriˈsænθiməm, -z-/ n.  a plant of the genus Chrysanthemum or (if cultivated usu.) the genus Dendranthema (daisy family), having brightly coloured flowers 菊，菊花(雏菊科植物，花朵色彩鲜艳) [Latin from Greek khrusanthemon, from khrusos ‘gold’ + anthemon ‘flower’]

chryselephantine /kriseliˈfæntain/ adj. (of ancient Greek sculpture) overlaid with gold and ivory (古希腊雕塑)用黄金和象牙包着的 [Greek khruselephantinos from khrusos ‘gold’ + elephas ‘ivory’]

chrysoberyl /krisəˈberil/ n.  a yellowish-green gem consisting of a beryllium salt 金绿宝石 [Latin chrysoberyllus, from Greek khrusos ‘gold’ + bērullos ‘beryl’]

chrysolite /ˈkrisəlait/ n.  a precious stone, a yellowish-green or brownish variety of olivine 贵橄榄石 [Middle English via Old French crisolite, medieval Latin crisolitus, and Latin chrysolithus from Greek khrusolithos, from khrusos ‘gold’ + lithos ‘stone’]

chrysoprase /ˈkrisəpreiz/ n.  1  an apple-green variety of chalcedony containing nickel and used as a gem 绿玉髓 2 (in the New Testament) probably a golden-green variety of beryl (《圣经·新约》中的)金绿宝石 [Middle English via Old French crisopace from Latin chrysopassus, variant of Latin chrysoprasus, from Greek khrusoprasos from khrusos ‘gold’ + prason ‘leek’]

chrysotile /ˈkrisətail/ n.  a form of asbestos 纤蛇纹石，温石棉 [Greek khrusos ‘gold’ + tilos ‘fibre’]

chthonic /ˈkθɒnik, ˈθɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 chthonian /ˈkθəʊniən, ˈθəʊ-/)  of, relating to, or inhabiting the underworld 阴间的，冥府的 [Greek khthōn ‘earth’]

chub /tʃʌb/ n.  a thick-bodied coarse-fleshed river fish, Leuciscus cephalus 圆鳍雅罗鱼(一种体厚肉糙的雅罗鱼属河鱼) [15th c.: origin unknown]

Chubb /tʃʌb/ n. (in full 全称 Chubb lock) propr.  a lock with a device for fixing the bolt immovably should someone try to pick it [商标]丘伯保险锁 [C. Chubb, London locksmith d. 1845]

chubby /ˈtʃʌbi/ adj. (chubbier, chubbiest)  plump and rounded (esp. of a person or a part of the body) (尤指人或人体部位)圆胖的，丰满的；圆脸的 □ chubbily  adv.  □ chubbiness  n.   [CHUB]

Chuck /tʃʌk/   查克 [人名]

chuck1 /tʃʌk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 colloq.  fling or throw carelessly or with indifference [口] (胡乱或随便地)扔，抛 2 (often (Brit. [英]) foll. by 常后跟 in, up) colloq.  give up; reject [口]放弃，辞掉  chucked in my job  辞掉我的工作 3  touch playfully, esp. under the chin 抚弄，轻触(尤指下巴下面) ●n.  1  a playful touch under the chin 轻触，抚弄(尤指下巴下面) 2  a toss 扔，抛 3 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang  dismissal [英] [俚语]辞退，解雇  he got the chuck  他被解雇了 □ chuck it  slang  stop, desist [俚语]停止；克制自己不干(某事)□ chuck out  colloq. [口]  1  expel (a person) from a gathering etc. 把(某人)从聚会等中撵走 2  get rid of, discard 抛弃，丢弃 [16th c., perhaps from French chuquer, choquer ‘to knock’]

chuck2 /tʃʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cut of beef between the neck and the ribs (颈至肋骨的)牛颈肉 2  a device for holding a workpiece in a lathe or a tool in a drill (车床上固定工件的)夹盘，卡盘；(钻床上固定钻头的)夹头 ●v. tr.  fix (wood, a tool, etc.) to a chuck 用夹头夹住；把…装进卡盘 [variant of CHOCK]

chuck3 /tʃʌk/ n. N. Amer. dial.  food, provisions [北美方]食物，口粮 [19th c.: perhaps from CHUCK2]

chuck4 /tʃʌk/ n. dial. (as a form of address) dear, darling [方] (称呼用语)宝贝儿，亲爱的 [alteration of CHICK1]

chucker-out n. Brit. colloq.  a person employed to expel troublesome people from a gathering etc. [英口] (聚会等场合为撵走捣乱者而雇佣的)保安人员

chuckle /ˈtʃʌk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  laugh quietly or inwardly 悄悄地笑；暗自笑 ●n.  a quiet or suppressed laugh 悄悄的笑；被抑制的笑 □ chuckler  n.   [chuck ‘cluck’]

chucklehead /ˈtʃʌk(ə)lhed/ n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 □ chuckleheaded  adj.   [chuckle ‘clumsy’, probably related to CHUCK2]

chuckwagon /ˈtʃʌkwæɡ(ə)n/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a provision cart on a ranch etc. (牧场上为牛仔提供饮食的)流动炊事车 2  a roadside eating place 路边餐饮处 [CHUCK3]

chuddar var.  of CHADOR  CHADOR 的变体

chuff /tʃʌf/ v. intr. (of a steam engine etc.) work with a regular sharp puffing sound (蒸汽机等)嚓嚓地运转 [imitative]

chuffed /tʃʌft/ adj. Brit. slang  delighted [英] [俚语]高兴的，愉快的 [dialect chuff ‘pleased’]

chug /tʃʌɡ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (chugged, chugging)  1  emit a regular muffled explosive sound, as of an engine running slowly (发动机缓慢运转时)发突突声 2  move with this sound 突突地运转 ●n.  a chugging sound 突突声 [imitative]

chukar /ˈtʃʊkɑ:/ n.  a red-legged partridge, Alectoris chukar, native to India 欧石鸡(一种红腿的石鸡属山鹑，产于印度) [Hindi cakor]

chukka /ˈtʃʌkə/ n. (US [美] chukker)  each of the periods of play (7 － 7(1/2) minutes) into which a game of polo is divided (马球比赛的)一局(为 7 至 7.5 分钟) [Hindi cakkar from Sanskrit cakra ‘wheel’]

chum1 /tʃʌm/ n. & v. ●n. colloq. (esp. among schoolchildren) a close friend. [口] (尤在中小学生之间)好朋友 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  share rooms 同室居住 □ chum up  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  become a close friend (of) 成为好朋友□ chummy  adj. (chummier, chummiest)  友好的，亲密的□ chummily  adv.  □ chumminess  n.   [17th c.: probably short for chamber-fellow]

chum2 /tʃʌm/ n. & v. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  1  refuse from fish (鱼排泄出的)垃圾 2  chopped fish used as bait 鱼饵(尤指切成小块的鱼) ●v.  1 intr.  fish using chum 用鱼饵钓鱼 2 tr.  bait (a fishing place) using chum 撒鱼饵诱鱼 [19th c.: origin unknown]

chump /tʃʌmp/ n.  1 colloq.  a foolish person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 2 Brit.  the thick end, esp. of a loin of lamb or mutton [英]粗钝的一端；(尤指)羊腰臀部的肉  chump chop  (羊等)腰臀部的厚肉块 3  a short thick block of wood 短粗的木块，木墩 4 Brit. slang  the head [英] [俚语]脑袋 □ off one's chump  Brit. slang  crazy [英] [俚语]发疯的，疯狂的 [18th c.: probably a blend of CHUNK and LUMP1]

chunder /ˈtʃʌndə/ v. intr. & n. Austral. slang  vomit [澳] [俚语]呕吐 [20th c.: origin unknown]

chunk /tʃʌŋk/ n.  1  a thick solid slice or piece of something firm or hard 厚片，大块 2  a substantial amount or piece 相当大的数量；相当大的部分 [probably variant of CHUCK2]

chunky /ˈtʃʌŋki/ adj. (chunkier, chunkiest)  1  containing or consisting of chunks 含有大块的；由大块组成的 2  short and thick; small and sturdy (指物)短粗的，厚实的；(指人)矮胖的，墩实的 3 (of clothes) made of a thick material (指衣服)用厚衣料制作的 □ chunkiness  n.  

Chunnel /ˈtʃʌn(ə)l/ n. colloq.  a tunnel under the English Channel linking England and France [口] (连接英国和法国的)英吉利海峡隧道 [portmanteau word from Channel tunnel]

chunter /ˈtʃʌntə/ v. intr. Brit. colloq.  mutter, grumble [英口]咕哝；嘟囔，小声抱怨 [probably imitative]

chupatty var.  of CHAPATTI  CHAPATTI 的变体

church /tʃɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a building for public (usu. Christian) worship (通常指基督教的)礼拜堂，教堂 2  a meeting for public worship in such a building 礼拜  go to church  去做礼拜 met after church  礼拜后相遇 3 (usu. 通常作 Church) (prec. by 前接 the)  the body of all Christians 全体基督徒 4 (usu. 通常作 Church)  the clergy or clerical profession 神职，牧师职位  went into the Church  担任神职，成为牧师 5 (usu. 通常作 Church)  an organized Christian group or society of any time, country, or distinct principles of worship 基督教教会(或教派)  the primitive Church  早期基督教教会 Church of Scotland  苏格兰长老会 High Church  高教会派 6 (usu. 通常作 Church)  institutionalized religion as a political or social force 宗教权力机构，教会组织  Church and State  宗教与政权 ●v. tr. archaic  take (esp. a woman after childbirth) to church for a service of thanksgiving [古义]给(产妇)做感恩礼拜 [Old English cirice, circe, etc. via medieval Greek kurikon from Greek kuriakon (dōma) ‘Lord's (house) ’, from kurios ‘Lord’: cf. KIRK]

Church Army n. (in the UK) an organization of the Church of England concerned with social welfare 教会军(英国国教会的救世军)

Church Commissioners n. pl.  a body managing the finances of the Church of England 英国国教会财政管理委员会

churchgoer /ˈtʃɜ:tʃɡəʊə/ n.  a person who goes to church, esp. regularly (尤指定期)去教堂做礼拜的人 □ churchgoing  n. & adj.  

churchman /ˈtʃɜ:tʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a member of the clergy or of a Church 教士，牧师 2  a supporter of the Church 教徒

Church Militant n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the whole body of Christian believers as striving to combat evil on earth 战斗教会(指在人间与邪恶作战的全体基督教徒) [contrasted with ‘the Church Triumphant’ in heaven]

Church of England n.  the English branch of the Western Christian Church, which combines Catholic and Protestant traditions, rejects the pope's authority, and has the monarch as its titular head 英国国教会，英国圣公会

church school n.  1 (in the UK) a school founded by or associated with the Church of England (英国)教会学校 2 (in the US) a private school supported by a particular Church or parish (美国) (由某教堂或堂区资助的)私立学校

churchwarden /ˈtʃɜ:tʃwɔ:d(ə)n/ n.  1  a  either of the two main elected lay representatives in an Anglican parish, formally responsibile for movable church property and for keeping order in church (英国国教会)堂区俗人委员b US  a church administrator [美] (美国圣公会)堂区俗人执事 2 Brit.  a long-stemmed clay pipe [英]陶制长烟斗

churchwoman /ˈtʃɜ:tʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a woman member of the clergy or of a Church 女教士，女牧师 2  a woman supporter of the Church 女教徒

churchy /ˈtʃɜ:tʃi/ adj.  1  obtrusively or intolerantly devoted to the Church or opposed to religious dissent 忠于教会的；恪守教会信条的；不容异端的 2  like a church 似教堂的 □ churchiness  n.  

churchyard /ˈtʃɜ:tʃjɑ:d/ n.  the enclosed ground around a church, esp. as used for burials (尤指用作墓地的)教堂庭院，教堂基地

churinga /tʃʌˈriŋɡə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or churingas)  a sacred object, esp. an amulet, among the Australian Aboriginals (尤指澳大利亚土著人佩戴的)护身符 [Aranda jwerrenge ‘object from the dreaming’]

churl /tʃɜ:l/ n.  1  an ill-bred person 无教养的人，粗野的人 2 archaic  a peasant; a person of low birth [古义]农民，出身低贱的人 3 archaic  a surly or mean person [古义]吝啬鬼，守财奴 [Old English ceorl from a West Germanic root, = man]

churlish /ˈtʃɜ:liʃ/ adj.  surly; mean 脾气坏的；吝啬的，小气的 □ churlishly  adv.  □ churlishness  n.   [Old English cierlisc, ceorlisc from ceorl CHURL]

churn /tʃɜ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a large milk can [英]大奶罐 2  a machine for making butter by agitating milk or cream 搅乳器，黄油制造机 ●v.  1 tr.  agitate (milk or cream) in a churn 用搅乳器搅(牛奶、奶油等) 2 tr.  produce (butter) in this way 用搅乳器搅制(黄油) 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  cause distress to; upset, agitate 搅动；搅拌；使翻腾 4 intr. (of a liquid) seethe, foam violently (指液体)翻腾；打旋起泡  the churning sea  翻腾的海洋 5 tr.  agitate or move (liquid) vigorously, causing it to foam 猛烈搅动(液体使之起泡沫) □ churn out   produce routinely or mechanically, esp. in large quantities (尤指大量)粗制滥造 [Old English cyrin, from Germanic]

churr var.  of CHIRR  CHIRR 的变体

churrascaria /tʃʊˌræskəˈriə/ n.  a restaurant specializing in churrasco 烤牛肉餐馆，叉烧牛肉餐馆 [Spanish]

churrasco /tʃʊˈræskəʊ/ n.  a S. American dish consisting of steak barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire 叉烧牛排，烤牛排(一种在木柴或碳火上烧烤的南美菜肴) [Spanish, probably from Spanish dialect churrascar ‘burn’]

chute1 /ʃu:t/ n.  1  a sloping channel or slide, with or without water, for conveying things to a lower level (用于将物品运送到较低位置的)斜槽，滑道 2  a slide into a swimming pool (通向游泳池的)滑道，滑梯 [French chute ‘fall’ (of water etc.), from Old French cheoite, fem. past part. of cheoir ‘fall’, from Latin cadere; in some senses = SHOOT]

chute2 /ʃu:t/ n. colloq.  parachute [口]降落伞 □ chutist  n.   [abbreviation]

chutney /ˈtʃʌtni/ n. (pl. -eys)  a pungent originally Indian condiment made of fruits or vegetables, vinegar, spices, sugar, etc. 印度酸辣酱(一种用水果、蔬菜、醋、香料、糖等制成的调味品) [Hindi catnī]

chutzpah /ˈxʊtspə, ˈhʊ-/ n. slang  shameless audacity; cheek [俚语]大胆放肆；厚脸皮 [Yiddish]

chyle /kail/ n. Physiol.  lymph containing fats absorbed by the lacteals from the small intestine 【生理】乳糜 □ chylous  adj.   [Late Latin chylus from Greek khulos ‘juice’]

chyme /kaim/ n. Physiol.  the acidic semi-solid and partly digested food produced in the stomach by gastric activity 【生理】食糜 □ chymous  adj.   [Late Latin chymus from Greek khumos ‘juice’]

chypre /ʃi:pr(ə)/ n.  a heavy perfume made from sandalwood 西普香水(一种从檀木中制取的檀香型香精) [French, = Cyprus, perhaps where it was first made]

chèvre /ʃɛəvr(ə)/ n.  a variety of goat's-milk cheese 山羊奶酪 [French, = goat, she-goat]

CI abbr. [缩略]  1  Channel Islands (英国南部的)海峡群岛 2 hist.  Order of the Crown of India [史义]印度王室的勋位

Ci abbr. [缩略]  curie 

CIA abbr. (in the US) Central Intelligence Agency [缩略] (美国)中央情报局

ciabatta /tʃəˈbɑ:tə/ n. (pl. ciabattas)  1  a type of moist aerated Italian bread made with olive oil (一种加橄榄油熏蒸制作的)意大利面包 2  a loaf of this (一个)意大利面包 [Italian dialect, literally ‘slipper’ (from its shape)]

ciao /tʃaʊ/ int. colloq. [口]  1  goodbye 再见 2  hello 喂！  [Italian]

ciborium /siˈbɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. ciboria /-riə/)  1  a vessel with an arched cover used to hold the Eucharist (基督教供存放圣体的)有盖圣杯 2 Archit. 【建】  a  a canopy 天篷b  a shrine with a canopy 有华盖的宝座 [medieval Latin from Greek kibōrion ‘seed vessel of the water lily, a cup made from it’]

cicada /siˈkɑ:də/ n. (also 亦作 cicala /siˈkɑ:lə/)  any transparent-winged large insect of the family Cicadidae, the males of which make a loud rhythmic chirping sound 蝉，知了(蝉科昆虫，体大，翅膀透明，雄性会发出有节奏的高声鸣叫) [Latin cicada, cicala]

cicatrice /ˈsikətris/ n. (also 亦作 cicatrix /ˈsikətriks/) (pl. cicatrices /sikəˈtraisi:z/)  1  any mark left by a healed wound; a scar 瘢痕；伤疤 2 Bot. 【植】  a  a mark on a stem etc. left when a leaf or other part becomes detached (植物茎上的)叶痕，瘢痕b  a scar on the bark of a tree (树皮上的)疤痕，瘢痕 □ cicatricial  /sikəˈtriʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French cicatrice or Latin cicatrix -icis]

cicatrize /ˈsikətraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  heal (a wound) by scar formation 使结瘢，使愈合 2 intr. (of a wound) heal by scar formation (指伤口)结瘢，愈合 □ cicatrization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French cicatriser: see CICATRICE]

Cicely /ˈsisəli/   塞西莉 [人名]

cicely /ˈsisili/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various umbelliferous plants, esp. sweet cicely 欧洲没药(欧洲没药属植物，尤指甜没药) [apparently from Latin seselis from Greek, assimilated to the woman's Christian name]

cicerone /tʃitʃəˈrəʊni, sis-/ n. (pl. ciceroni pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a guide who gives information about antiquities, places of interest, etc. to sightseers 导游，导游者 [Italian, from Latin (see CICERONIAN) apparently alluding to the guides' eloquence and learning]

Ciceronian /sisəˈrəʊniən/ adj. (of language) eloquent, classical, or rhythmical, in the style of Cicero (指语言)雄辩的；古典的；有韵律的；西塞罗风格的 [Latin Ciceronianus from Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman and orator d. 43 BC]

cichlid /ˈsiklid/ n.  a tropical freshwater fish of the family Cichlidae, esp. of a kind kept in aquaria 丽鱼(一种热带丽鱼科淡水鱼，尤指在养鱼缸里喂养的丽鱼) [modern Latin Cichlidae from Greek kikhlē, a kind of fish]

CID abbr. (in the UK) Criminal Investigation Department [缩略] (英国) (伦敦警察厅)刑事调查部

-cide /said/ suffix forming nouns meaning 构成名词，表示 :  1  a person or substance that kills (regicide 弑君者 ; insecticide 杀虫剂) 杀死…的人(或物) 2  the killing of (infanticide 杀害婴儿 ; suicide 自杀) 杀死 [French from Latin -cida (sense 1), -cidium (sense 2), from caedere ‘kill’]

cider /ˈsaidə/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] cyder)  1 Brit.  an alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice [英]苹果酒 2 (in full 全称 apple cider) N. Amer.  a cloudy usu. unfermented drink made from crushing apples [北美] (通常指未经发酵的)苹果汁 [Middle English from Old French sidre, ultimately from Hebrew šēkɑˉr ‘strong drink’]

cider press n.  a press for crushing apples to make cider 苹果榨汁器

ci-devant /si:dəˈvɒ˜, 法 sidvɑ˜/ adj. & adv.  that has been (with person's earlier name or status); former or formerly (用于表示人原先的名字或身份)以前(的)；先前(的)，前任(的) [French, = heretofore]

CIE abbr. hist.  Companion (of the Order) of the Indian Empire [缩略] [史义]印度帝国勋位的最低级爵士

c.i.f. abbr.  cost, insurance, freight (as being included in a price) [缩略]到岸价格(即成本、保险费加运费)

cig /siɡ/ n. colloq.  cigarette, cigar [口]香烟，雪茄烟 [abbreviation]

cigala /siˈɡɑ:lə/ n.  = CICADA  [French cigale, Italian & Provençal cigala from Latin cicada]

cigar /siˈɡɑ:/ n.  a cylinder of tobacco rolled in tobacco leaves for smoking 雪茄烟 [French cigare or Spanish cigarro]

cigarette /siɡəˈret/ n. (US [美] cigaret)  1  a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking 香烟，纸烟，烟卷 2  a similar cylinder containing a narcotic, herbs, or a medicated substance (含有麻醉剂、草药或药物的)烟卷 [French, diminutive of cigare CIGAR]

cigarette card n. Brit.  a small picture card of a kind formerly included in a packet of cigarettes [英]香烟卡(过去装在香烟包内的画片)

cigarette end n. Brit.  the unsmoked remainder of a cigarette [英]烟头，烟蒂

cigarillo /siɡəˈriləʊ, -ljəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small cigar 小雪茄烟 [Spanish, diminutive of cigarro CIGAR]

ciggy /ˈsiɡi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  cigarette [口]香烟 [abbreviation]

CIGS abbr. hist.  Chief of the Imperial General Staff [缩略] [史义] (英国)帝国总参谋长

ciliary /ˈsiliəri/ adj.  1 Biol.  of or relating to cilia 【生】纤毛的，关于纤毛的 2 Anat. 【解】  a  of or relating to the eyelids or eyelashes 眼皮的；睫毛的b  of or denoting the part of the eye (ciliary body 睫状体) connecting the iris to the choroid, and the muscle in it which controls the shape of the lens 睫状体的，睫状肌的

ciliate /ˈsilieit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having cilia 有纤毛的；有睫毛的 ●n.  a protozoan with cilia, of the phylum Ciliophora 纤毛虫(一种长有纤毛的原生动物)

cilice /ˈsilis/ n.  1  haircloth 马毛(或驼毛)布，马尾衬(刚毛织物) 2  a garment of this (苦行者或忏悔者贴身穿的)毛布内衣，刚毛衬衣 [French via Latin cilicium from Greek kilikion, from Kilikia, the Greek name of Cilicia in Asia Minor]

cilium /ˈsiliəm/ n. (pl. cilia /-liə/)  1 Anat. & Biol.  a short minute hairlike vibrating structure occurring, usu. in large numbers, on the surface of some cells, causing currents in the surrounding fluid or, in some small organisms, providing propulsion 【解】【生】(动物细胞表面的)纤毛，缘毛 2  an eyelash 睫毛 □ ciliated  adj.  □ ciliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin, = eyelash]

cill var.  of SILL  SILL 的变体

Cilla /ˈsilə/   西拉 [人名]

cimbalom /ˈsimb(ə)l(ə)m/ n.  a dulcimer 钦巴龙扬琴，洋琴 [Hungarian from Italian cembalo]

C.-in-C. abbr. [缩略]  Commander-in-Chief 

cinch /sin(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq. [口]  a  a sure thing; a certainty 必然(发生)的事情b  an easy task 容易的事情 2  a firm hold 紧握，抓牢 3  a girth for a saddle or pack, used in Mexico and the western US. (墨西哥及美国西部地区缚马鞍等用的)肚带，带子 ●v. tr.  1  a  tighten as with a cinch 将…缚牢，把…缚紧  cinched at the waist with a belt  用皮带把腰缚紧b  secure a grip on 紧握，抓牢 2 slang  make certain of [俚语]确保；弄清楚 3 esp. US  fix (a saddle etc.) securely by means of a girth; put a cinch on (a horse) [尤美]用肚带把(马鞍)缚牢，(给马)缚上肚带 [Spanish cincha]

cinchona /siŋˈkəʊnə/ n.  1  a  any evergreen tree or shrub of the S. American genus Cinchona, of the madder family, having fragrant flowers 金鸡纳树(南美常青灌木，花芳香)b (in full 全称 cinchona bark)  the bark of this tree, containing quinine 金鸡纳树树皮(含有奎宁) 2  any drug from this bark formerly used as a tonic and to stimulate the appetite 金鸡纳树皮制剂(过去通常用作补剂和开胃剂) □ cinchonic  /-ˈkɒnik/ adj.  □ cinchonine  /ˈsiŋkəni:n/ n.  金鸡纳宁，辛可宁 [modern Latin, named after a Countess of Chinchón d. 1641, who introduced the drug into Spain]

cincture /ˈsiŋktʃə/ n.  1 literary  a girdle, belt, or border [文学用语]束带；腰带；绲边 2 Archit.  a ring at either end of a column shaft 【建】柱带(柱头的轮形装饰) [Latin cinctura from cingere cinct- ‘gird’]

cinder /ˈsində/ n.  1  the residue of coal or wood etc. that has stopped giving off flames but still has combustible matter in it (未燃尽的)炭渣，炭屑；煤渣，煤屑 2  slag 炉渣；熔渣 3 (in pl. 用复数)  ashes 灰烬，煤灰，木炭灰 □ burnt to a cinder   made useless by burning 化为灰烬的，烧毁了的□ cindery  adj.   [Old English sinder from Germanic, assimilated to the unconnected French cendre and Latin cinis ‘ashes’: cf. SINTER]

Cinderella /sindəˈrelə/ n.  1  a person or thing of unrecognized or disregarded merit or beauty 被埋没的人才；有价值而未被发现的东西；被人忽视的美德(或美貌) 2  a neglected or despised member of a group (群体中)被忽视(或蔑视)的成员 [the name of a girl in a fairy tale]

Cindy /ˈsindi/   辛迪 [人名]

cine- /ˈsini/ comb. form  cinematographic (cine-camera 电影摄影机 ; cinephotography 电影摄影术) [构词成分]电影的 [abbreviation]

cineaste /ˈsiniæst/ n. (also 亦作 cineast)  a cinema enthusiast 电影爱好者，影迷 [French cinéaste (as CINE-): cf. ENTHUSIAST]

cinema /ˈsinimə, -mɑ:/ n.  1 Brit.  a theatre where motion-picture films (see 见 FILM n. 3) are shown [英]电影院 2  a  films collectively (总称)电影b  the production of films as an art or industry; cinematography 电影业；电影艺术，电影制片术 [French cinéma: see CINEMATOGRAPH]

cinema organ n. Mus.  a kind of organ with extra stops and special effects 【音】电影院管风琴(其音栓比一般风琴要多，音响效果独特，用于为无声电影伴奏)

cinematheque /siniməˈtek/ n.  1  a film library or archive (档案馆等附设的)文献电影馆 2  a small cinema 小影院 [French cinémathèque (as CINEMA), after bibliothèque ‘library’]

cinematic /siniˈmætik/ adj.  1  having the qualities characteristic of the cinema 有电影院特点的 2  of or relating to the cinema 电影院的；关于电影院的 □ cinematically  adv.  

cinematograph /siniˈmætəɡrɑ:f/ n. (also 亦作 kinematograph /kin-/) esp. Brit. hist.  an apparatus for making or showing motion-picture films [尤英史义]电影摄影机；电影放映机 [French cinématographe from Greek kinēma -atos ‘movement’, from kineō ‘move’]

cinematography /siniməˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the art of making motion-picture films 电影制片术；电影摄影术 □ cinematographer  n.  电影摄影师；电影放映员□ cinematographic  /-mætəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cinematographically  /-mætəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

cinephile /ˈsinifail/ n.  a person who is fond of the cinema 电影爱好者，影迷

cineraria /sinəˈrɛəriə/ n.  a plant, Pericallis cruenta (daisy family), cultivated for its bright flowers 瓜叶菊(雏菊科植物，人工栽培以收获其鲜艳的花朵) [modern Latin former genus name, fem. of Latin cinerarius ‘of ashes’ from cinis -eris ‘ashes’, from the ash-coloured down on the leaves]

cinerarium /sinəˈrɛəriəm/ n. (pl. cinerariums)  a place where a cinerary urn is deposited 骨灰存放处；骨灰瓮 [Late Latin, neut. of cinerarius: see CINERARIA]

cinerary /ˈsinərəri/ adj.  of ashes 灰的，骨灰的 [Latin cinerarius: see CINERARIA]

cinerary urn n.  an urn for holding the ashes after cremation 骨灰瓮

cinereous /siˈniəriəs/ adj. (esp. of a bird or plumage) ash-grey (尤指鸟或羽毛)灰色的 [Latin cinereus from cinis -eris ‘ashes’]

Cingalese /siŋɡəˈli:z/ adj. & n. (pl. same 单复同) archaic  Sinhalese [古义]僧伽罗人(的)，僧伽罗语(的) [French cing(h)alais: see SINHALESE]

cingulum /ˈsiŋɡjʊləm/ n. (pl. cingula /-lə/) Anat.  a girdle, belt, or analogous structure, esp. a ridge surrounding the base of the crown of a tooth 【解】带，扣带；腰部；(尤指牙齿的)舌面嵴，舌面隆突 [Latin, = belt]

cinnabar /ˈsinəbɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a bright red mineral form of mercuric sulphide from which mercury is obtained 辰砂，朱砂，银朱(一种鲜红色矿石形式的硫化汞，从中可以提取水银) 2  vermilion 朱红色 3  a moth, Tyria jacobaeae, with red wing markings 红棒球蝶灯蛾，千里光蛾(其翅膀上有红色斑点) ●adj.  bright red 鲜红色的 [Middle English via Latin cinnabaris from Greek kinnabari, of oriental origin]

cinnamon /ˈsinəmən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an aromatic spice from the peeled, dried, and rolled bark of a SE Asian tree 肉桂(树)皮，桂皮香料(产于东南亚) 2  any tree of the genus Cinnamomum, esp. C. zeylanicum, yielding the spice 桂树，肉桂树，牡桂(樟属乔木) 3  yellowish brown 黄褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 黄褐色的 [Middle English via Old French cinnamome and Latin cinnamomum from Greek kinnamōmon, and Latin cinnamon from Greek kinnamon, from Semitic (cf. Hebrew ḳinnɑˉmôn)]

cinque /siŋk/ n. (also 亦作 cinq)  the five on dice (骰子、纸牌等的)五点 [Middle English via Old French cinc, cink from Latin quinque ‘five’]

cinquecento /tʃiŋkwiˈtʃentəʊ/ n.  the style of Italian art and literature of the 16th c., with a reversion to classical forms (意大利文学艺术)16 世纪风格 □ cinquecentist  n.   [Italian, = 500 (shortened from milcinquecento ‘1500’) used with reference to the years 1500 － 99]

cinquefoil /ˈsiŋkfɔil/ n.  1  a herbaceous plant of the genus Potentilla (rose family), with compound leaves of five leaflets 委陵菜(蔷薇科草本植物，其叶为五片复叶) 2 Archit.  a five-cusped ornament in a circle or arch 【建】(圆形或弧形中的)五瓣花饰 [Middle English from Latin quinquefolium, from quinque ‘five’ + folium ‘leaf’]

Cinque Ports /siŋk ˈpɔ:ts/ n. pl. (in the UK) a group of ports (originally five only, Hastings, Sandwich, Dover, Romney, and Hythe, later also Rye and Winchelsea) on the SE coast of England with ancient privileges (英国)五港同盟(中世纪时享有特权的英格兰东南部沿海港口，原指黑斯廷斯、桑威奇、多佛、罗姆尼和海斯，后来增加了拉伊和温奇尔西) [Middle English from Old French cink porz, Latin quinque portus ‘five ports’]

cinéma-vérité /ˌsiniməˈveritei, 法 sinemaverite/ n. Cinematog. 【电影】  1  the art or process of making realistic (esp. documentary) films which avoid artificiality and artistic effect 实况纪录片的拍摄；纪录影片制片术 2  such films collectively (总称)纪录影片 [French, = cinema truth]

ciné-vérité /siniˈveritei, 法 sineverite/ n. Cinematog 【电影】  = CINÉMA-VÉRITÉ 

cion US var.  of SCION 1 SCION 1 的变体

cipher /ˈsaifə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 cypher) ●n.  1  a  a secret or disguised way of writing 密码，暗号b  a thing written in this way 密码文件，密码信函，密码电报c  the key to it 密码检索本，密码索引 2  the arithmetical symbol (0) denoting no amount but used to occupy a vacant place in decimal etc. numeration (as in 12.05) (算术中代表无或零的符号)零(即 0) 3  a person or thing of no importance 无足轻重的人，无价值的东西 4  the interlaced initials of a person or company etc.; a monogram (姓名、公司名称等首字母的)拼合字，花押字 5  any Arabic numeral 阿拉伯数字 6  continuous sounding of an organ pipe, caused by a mechanical defect (由于机械故障引起的)风琴音管的连响 ●v.  1 tr.  put into secret writing, encipher 使用密码，用密码书写 2  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  work out by arithmetic, calculate (用算术)计算b intr. archaic  do arithmetic [古义]做算术 [Middle English, from Old French cif(f)re, ultimately from Arabic ṣifr ZERO]

cipolin /ˈsipəlin/ n.  an Italian white and green marble 云母大理石(一种有白绿条纹的意大利大理石) [French cipolin or Italian cipollino from cipolla ‘onion’]

circa /ˈsɜ:kə/ prep. (often preceding a date) about; approximately (常于日期前表示)大约 [Latin]

circadian /sɜ:ˈkeidiən/ adj. Physiol.  occurring or recurring about once per day 【生理】昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的(即大约每天一次的) [formed irregularly from Latin circa ‘about’ + dies ‘day’]

circinate /ˈsɜ:sinət, -eit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  rolled up with the apex in the centre, e.g. of young fronds of ferns 【植】【动】拳卷的，旋卷的(比如蕨类植物嫩叶的形状) [Latin circinatus, past part. of circinare ‘make round’, from circinus ‘pair of compasses’]

circle /ˈsɜ:k(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a round plane figure whose circumference is everywhere equidistant from its centre 圆，圆圈b  the line enclosing a circle 圆周线 2  a roundish enclosure or structure 环形围栏(或建筑) 3  a ring 戒指 4  a curved upper tier of seats in a theatre etc. (剧场等中的)弧形梯级座位  dress circle  剧场中供穿夜礼服观众坐的第一层楼厅的前排座位 5  a circular route 环形路线 6 US [美]  = CIRCUSn. 3  7 Archaeol.  a group of (usu. large embedded) stones arranged in a circle 【考古】圆形巨石阵 8 Hockey 【曲棍球】  = STRIKING-CIRCLE  9  persons grouped round a centre of interest (具有共同利益或兴趣者形成的)圈子，伙，组 10  a set or class or restricted group 阶层，界  literary circles  文学界 not done in the best circles  不符合最上等阶层的规矩 11  a period or cycle 周期，循环  the circle of the year  岁月的循环 12 (in full 全称 vicious circle)  a  an unbroken sequence of reciprocal cause and effect 恶性循环b  an action and reaction that intensify each other (cf. 参见 VIRTUOUS CIRCLE) 良性循环c  the fallacy of proving a proposition from another which depends on the first for its own proof 循环论证，循环定义 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 round, about)  move in a circle 环行，盘旋 2 tr.  a  revolve round 使转圈；环绕…运行b  form a circle round 围起，圈起 □ circle back   move in a wide loop towards the starting point 兜圈子往回转□ come full circle   return to the starting point 兜了个圈子回到原处□ go round in circles   make no progress despite effort 在原地兜圈子；(虽努力但)毫无进展□ run round in circles  colloq.  be fussily busy with little result [口]瞎忙，空忙 [Middle English via Old French cercle from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus ‘ring’]

circlet /ˈsɜ:klit/ n.  1  a small circle 小圈 2  a circular band, esp. of gold or jewelled etc., as an ornament (尤指用黄金或珠宝等制作的)环形饰物

circlip /ˈsɜ:klip/ n.  a metal ring sprung into a slot or groove in a bar etc. to hold a thing in place (起固定作用的)簧环，弹性挡圈 [blend of CIRCLE, CIRCULAR, etc. and CLIP1 n. 1]

circs /sɜ:ks/ n. pl. colloq.  circumstances [口]情形，环境 [abbreviation]

circuit /ˈsɜ:kit/ n.  1  a  a line or course enclosing an area; the distance round 周线；周线长度b  the area enclosed 圈起的地区，范围 2 Electr. 【电】  a  the path of a current 电路，线路b  the apparatus through which a current passes 电路装置 3  a  the journey of a judge in a particular district to hold courts (法官)巡回审判旅行b  this district (法官)巡回审判区c  the lawyers following a circuit 巡回律师团 4  a chain of theatres or cinemas etc. under a single management (统一经营的)联号剧场，联号影院 5 Brit.  a motor racing track [英]汽车赛车道 6  a  a sequence of sporting events (体育)巡回赛  the US tennis circuit  美国网球巡回赛b  a sequence of athletic exercises 一套体操基本动作 7  a roundabout journey 环行，巡游 8  a  a group of local Methodist Churches forming a minor administrative unit 卫理公会组织(由基督教地方教堂组成的小型管理单位)b  the journey of an itinerant minister within this (卫理公会)巡回布道牧师的旅行 9  an itinerary or route followed by an entertainer, politician, etc.; a sphere of operation (演员定期前往演出的)巡回路线；(政客定期前往演讲的)巡回路线，  election circuit  竞选巡回演讲 cabaret circuit  卡巴莱歌舞巡回演出 [Middle English via Old French from Latin circuitus, from CIRCUM- + ire it- ‘go’]

circuit board n.  a thin rigid board containing an electric circuit, esp. = PRINTED CIRCUIT 线路板；(尤指)印刷线路板

circuit-breaker n.  an automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric circuit 断路器，断路开关

circuitous /sɜ:ˈkju:itəs/ adj.  1  indirect (and usu. long) 间接(而且往往冗长)的 2  going a long way round 迂回的，绕行的 □ circuitously  adv.  □ circuitousness  n.   [medieval Latin circuitosus from circuitus CIRCUIT]

circuitry /ˈsɜ:kitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a system of electric circuits 电路系统，电路图 2  the equipment forming this 电路元件

circular /ˈsɜ:kjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  having the form of a circle 圆的，圆形的，环形的b  moving or taking place along a circle 循环的，循环发生的  circular tour  环程旅行 2 Logic (of reasoning) depending on a vicious circle 【逻辑学】(推理)循环论证的 3 (of a letter or advertisement etc.) for distribution to a large number of people (书信或广告等)供传阅的；流通的 ●n.  a circular letter, leaflet, etc. 供传阅的信函(传单等) □ circularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ circularly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French circuler, Old French circulier, cerclier, via Late Latin circularis from Latin circulus CIRCLE]

circularize /ˈsɜ:kjʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  distribute circulars to 传阅(信函)；散发(公告) 2 US  seek opinions of (people) by means of a questionnaire [美] (通过散发征询意见表)征求意见 □ circularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

circular saw n.  a power saw with a rapidly rotating toothed disc 圆锯，圆盘锯

circulate /ˈsɜ:kjʊleit/ v.  1 intr.  go round from one place or person etc. to the next and so on; be in circulation 循环，环行；流传，传播 2 tr.  a  cause to go round; put into circulation 使环行，使循环；使流通b  give currency to (a report etc.) 传阅(报告等)c  circularize 公布 3 intr.  be actively sociable at a party, gathering, etc. 周旋(指活跃于社交聚会等场合) □ circulative  adj.  □ circulator  n.   [Latin circulare circulat- from circulus CIRCLE]

circulating library n. hist.  a small library with books lent for a small fee to subscribers [史义] (收取小额费用的)租书图书馆

circulating medium n.  notes or gold etc. used in exchange 通货

circulation /sɜ:kjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  movement to and fro, or from and back to a starting point, esp. of a fluid in a confined area or circuit (尤指液体在固定区域或线路的)循环，运行；环流b  the movement of blood to and from the tissues of the body (体内的)血液循环c  a similar movement of sap etc. (汁液等的)循环 2  a  the transmission or distribution (of news or information or books etc.) (书报、信息、消息等的)发行，流通b  the number of copies sold, esp. of journals and newspapers (尤指报刊)发行量 3  a  currency, coin, etc. 通货，货币，硬币b  the movement or exchange of this in a country etc. (货币的)流通 □ in (or out of) circulation   participating (or not participating) in activities etc. 在(不在)参加活动等的 [French circulation or Latin circulatio, from circulare CIRCULATE]

circulatory /ˈsɜ:kjʊlət(ə)ri, sɜ:kjʊˈleit(ə)ri/ adj.  of or relating to the circulation of blood or sap (血液或汁液)循环的

circum- /ˈsɜ:kəm/ prefix round, about, around 环绕，在…周围， used 用作 :  1  adverbially (circumambient 周围的，围绕的 ; circumfuse 围绕，充满) (副词性) 2  prepositionally (circumlunar 绕月球旋转的 ; circumocular 眼球周围的) (介词性) [from or suggested by Latin circum prep. = round, about]

circumambient /sɜ:kəmˈæmbiənt/ adj. (esp. of air or another fluid) surrounding (尤指空气或另一种流体)周围的，围绕的 □ circumambience  n.  □ circumambiency  n.  

circumambulate /sɜ:kəmˈæmbjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr. formal  walk round or about [正式]绕…而行，在…巡行，绕行 □ circumambulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ circumambulatory  adj.   [CIRCUM- + ambulate from Latin ambulare ‘walk’]

circumcircle /ˈsɜ:kəmsɜ:k(ə)l/ n. Geom.  a circle touching all the vertices of a triangle or polygon 【几】外接圆(即与三角形或多边形所有顶角相交的圆)

circumcise /ˈsɜ:kəmsaiz/ v. tr.  1  cut off the foreskin of, as a Jewish or Muslim rite or a surgical operation (犹太教或伊斯兰教)为…行割礼；(外科手术)切除包皮 2  cut off the clitoris (and sometimes the labia) of, as a traditional practice among some peoples (某些民族的传统做法)切除阴蒂(有时和阴唇) 3 Bibl.  purify (the heart etc.) 【圣经】净心，去…的邪念 [Middle English via Old French from Latin circumcidere circumcis- (as CIRCUM-, caedere ‘cut’)]

circumcision /sɜ:kəmˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or rite of circumcising or being circumcised 包皮(或阴蒂)切除；割礼 2 (Circumcision) Eccl.  the feast of the Circumcision of Christ, 1 Jan 【教会】割礼节 (1 月 1 日，纪念耶稣受割) [Middle English via Old French circoncision from Late Latin circumcisio -onis (as CIRCUMCISE)]

circumference /səˈkʌmf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  the enclosing boundary, esp. of a circle or other figure enclosed by a curve 圆周，周缘，周线 2  the distance round 周长 □ circumferential  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ circumferentially  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French circonference from Latin circumferentia (as CIRCUM-, ferre ‘bear’)]

circumflex /ˈsɜ:kəmfleks/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 circumflex accent)  a mark (ʌ or ^) placed over a vowel in some languages to indicate a contraction, length, or a special quality 音调符号(某些语言中加在元音字母上表示音长、音高、重音或升降调等) ●adj. Anat.  curved, bending round something else 【解】卷曲的，旋绕的  circumflex nerve  旋绕神经 [Latin circumflexus (as CIRCUM-, flectere flex- ‘bend’), translation of Greek perispōmenos ‘drawn around’]

circumfluent /sɜ:ˈkʌmflʊənt/ adj.  flowing round, surrounding 环流的，围绕的 □ circumfluence  n.   [Latin circumfluere (as CIRCUM-, fluere ‘flow’)]

circumfuse /sɜ:kəmˈfju:z/ v. tr.  pour round or about 在周围倾注，在周围散布 [CIRCUM- + Latin fundere fus- ‘pour’]

circumjacent /sɜ:kəmˈdʒeis(ə)nt/ adj.  situated around 位于周围的，四周毗邻的 [Latin circumjacēre (as CIRCUM-, jacēo ‘lie’)]

circumlocution /sɜ:kəmləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a roundabout expression 迂回的说法b  evasive talk 遁词 2  the use of many words where fewer would do; verbosity 累赘的说法，啰唆，冗长 □ circumlocutional  adj.  □ circumlocutionary  adj.  □ circumlocutionist  n.  □ circumlocutory  /-ˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from French circumlocution or Latin circumlocutio (as CIRCUM-, LOCUTION), translation of Greek PERIPHRASIS]

circumlunar /sɜ:kəmˈlu:nə/ adj.  moving or situated around the moon 绕月球运行的，位于月球周围的

circumnavigate /sɜ:kəmˈnæviɡeit/ v. tr.  sail round (esp. the world) 环绕航行(尤指环绕地球) □ circumnavigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ circumnavigator  n.   [Latin circumnavigare (as CIRCUM-, NAVIGATE)]

circumpolar /sɜ:kəmˈpəʊlə/ adj.  1 Geog.  around or near one of the earth's poles 【地理】环极的；地极附近的 2 Astron. (of a star or motion etc.) above the horizon at all times in a given latitude 【天】(指星球或运动)拱极的；天极附近的

circumscribe /ˈsɜ:kəmskraib/ v. tr.  1 (of a line etc.) enclose or outline (线段等)环绕，包围；画轮廓 2  lay down the limits of; confine, restrict 限制，限定，约束 3 Geom.  draw (a figure) round another, touching it at points but not cutting it (cf. 参见 INSCRIBE 4) 【几】使外接，使外切 □ circumscribable  /-ˈskraibəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ circumscriber  n.  □ circumscription  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin circumscribere (as CIRCUM-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

circumsolar /sɜ:kəmˈsəʊlə/ adj.  moving or situated around or near the sun 围绕太阳的；绕太阳运行的；近太阳的

circumspect /ˈsɜ:kəmspekt/ adj.  wary, cautious; taking everything into account 谨慎的，慎重的；小心翼翼的；考虑周到的 □ circumspection  /-ˈspekʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ circumspectly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin circumspicere circumspect- (as CIRCUM-, specere spect- ‘look’)]

circumstance /ˈsɜ:kəmst(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  a fact, occurrence, or condition, esp. (in pl. 用复数) the time, place, manner, cause, occasion, etc., or surroundings of an act or event 事实，事件，条件；情况，环境b (in pl. 用复数 , or sing. as 或用单数作 non-count noun)  the external conditions that affect or might affect an action 外部条件，形势  a victim of circumstance(s)  形势的受害者 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  an incident, occurrence, or fact, as needing consideration (需要考虑的)事件，事变，事实  the circumstance that he left early  他动身早这一事实 3 (in pl. 用复数)  one's state of financial or material welfare 境遇，境况，经济状况  in reduced circumstances  经济拮据 4  ceremony, fuss 仪式，形式  pomp and circumstance  排场，大场面 5  full detail in a narrative 细节，详情  told it with much circumstance  极其详细地讲述这件事 □ in (or under) the (or these) circumstances   the state of affairs being what it is 在这种(些)情况下，情况既然如此□ in (or under) no circumstances   not at all; never 无论如何也不，决不□ circumstanced  adj.   [Middle English from Old French circonstance or Latin circumstantia (as CIRCUM-, stantia from stare ‘stand’: see -ANCE)]

circumstantial /sɜ:kəmˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  given in full detail 详尽的，包括所有细节的  a circumstantial account  详尽的叙述 2 (of evidence, a legal case, etc.) tending to establish a conclusion by inference from known facts hard to explain otherwise (证据、案件等)需由已知事实通过推理得出结论的 3  a  depending on circumstances 取决于环境的，视情况而定的b  adventitious, incidental 偶然的，次要的，非本质的 □ circumstantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ circumstantially  adv.   [Latin circumstantia: see CIRCUMSTANCE]

circumterrestrial /sɜ:kəmtəˈrestriəl/ adj.  moving or situated around the earth 环绕地球运转的，围绕地球的

circumvallate /sɜ:kəmˈvæleit/ v. tr.  surround with or as with a rampart 用壁垒围住的；似用壁垒围住的 [Latin circumvallare circumvallat- (as CIRCUM-, vallare from vallum ‘rampart’)]

circumvent /sɜ:kəmˈvent/ v. tr.  1  a  evade (a difficulty); find a way round 规避(困难)；绕过b  baffle, outwit 以计击败，智胜 2  entrap (an enemy) by surrounding 包围(敌人)，使(敌人)落入圈套 □ circumvention  n.   [Latin circumvenire circumvent- (as CIRCUM-, venire ‘come’)]

circumvolution /sɜ:kəmvəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  rotation 旋转 2  the winding of one thing round another 盘绕，缠绕 3  a sinuous movement 迂回的运动，蜿蜒 [Middle English from Latin circumvolvere circumvolut- (as CIRCUM-, volvere ‘roll’)]

circus /ˈsɜ:kəs/ n. (pl. circuses)  1  a travelling show of performing animals, acrobats, clowns, etc. (动物、杂技演员、小丑等的)马戏演出；马戏团 2 colloq. [口]  a  a scene of lively action; a disturbance 热闹的场面；骚乱b  a group of people in a common activity, esp. sport (尤指体育)集体示范表演组 3 Brit.  a rounded open space in a town, where several streets converge [英]环形交叉口，环形广场  Piccadilly Circus  皮卡迪利广场 4  a circular hollow surrounded by hills (丘陵围成的)圆形凹地 5 Rom. Antiq. [古罗马]  a  a rounded or oval arena with tiers of seats, for equestrian and other sports and games 竞技场；马戏场b  a performance given there 竞技表演；马戏演出  bread and circuses  食品和娱乐 6 (作 the Circus) slang  the British secret service [俚语]英国特务机关，特工部 [Latin, = ring]

cire perdue /siə pɜ:ˈdju:, 法 sir pɛrdy/ n.  a method of bronze-casting using a clay core and a wax coating placed in a mould: the wax is melted in the mould and bronze poured into the space left, producing a hollow bronze figure when the core is discarded (青铜)失蜡浇铸法 [French, = lost wax]

cirque /sɜ:k/ n.  1 Geol.  a deep bowl-shaped hollow at the head of a valley or on a mountainside 【地质】(山谷入口或山坡的)圆形凹地 2 poet. [诗]  a  a ring 圈，环b  an amphitheatre or arena 圆形(露天)剧场；竞技场 [French, from Latin CIRCUS]

cirrhosis /siˈrəʊsis/ n. Med.  a chronic disease of the liver marked by the degeneration of cells, inflammation, and the fibrous thickening of tissue, as a result of alcoholism, hepatitis, etc. 【医】(由酒精中毒、肝尖等引起的)肝硬化，肝硬变 □ cirrhotic  /siˈrɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek kirrhos ‘tawny’]

cirriped /ˈsiriped/ n. (also 亦作 cirripede /ˈsiripi:d/)  any marine crustacean of the class Cirripedia, which comprises the barnacles 蔓足亚纲动物，附着甲壳动物(海洋软体动物，多附着于岩石或漂浮物) [modern Latin Cirripedia, from Latin cirrus ‘curl’ (from the form of the legs) + pes pedis ‘foot’]

cirro- /ˈsirəʊ/ comb. form  denoting cloud types formed at high altitudes (above 6 km or 20,000 feet) [构词成分]表示(在 6,000 米以上高空形成的)“卷云” [CIRRUS]

cirrocumulus /sirəʊˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud forming a broken layer of small fleecy clouds at high altitude, as in a mackerel sky 【气】(高空中的)卷积云

cirrostratus /sirəʊˈstrɑ:təs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud forming a thin, fairly uniform layer at high altitude 【气】(高空中的)卷层云

cirrus /ˈsirəs/ n. (pl. cirri /-rai/)  1 Meteorol. 【气】  a  cloud formed at high altitude as delicate white wisps 卷云b  a cloud of this type (一片)卷云 2 Bot.  a tendril 【植】卷须 3 Zool.  a long slender appendage or filament 【动】触须，触毛；蔓足 □ cirrose  adj.  □ cirrous  adj.   [Latin, = curl]

ciré /ˈsi:rei/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fabric with a smooth shiny surface obtained esp. by waxing and heating 蜡光织物 ●adj.  having such a surface 蜡光的，富有光泽的 [French, = waxed]

CIS abbr.  Commonwealth of Independent States (consisting of countries of the former Soviet Union) [缩略]独联体，独立国家联合体(由前苏联解体后的国家组成)

cis- /sis/ prefix (opp. 反义 TRANS- or ULTRA-)  1  on this side of; on the side nearer to the speaker or writer (cisatlantic 在大西洋这一边的) 在…这一边的，靠近说话者或者写作者的 2 Rom. Antiq.  on the Roman side of (cisalpine 在阿尔卑斯山脉南侧的) [古罗马]表示“在罗马这一边的” 3 (of time) closer to the present (cis-Elizabethan 伊丽莎白之后的) (时间)离现在近的，在…之后的 4 Chem. (of an isomer) having two atoms or groups on the same side of a given plane in the molecule 【化】(异构体)顺(式)的 [Latin cis ‘on this side of’]

cisalpine /sisˈælpain/ adj.  on the southern side of the Alps 在阿尔卑斯山脉南侧的(即靠近罗马这一边的)

cisatlantic /sisətˈlæntik/ adj.  on this side of the Atlantic (就说话者所在位置而言)在大西洋这一边的

cisco /ˈsiskəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  any of various N. American freshwater whitefish of the genus Coregonus 加拿大白鲑(北美洲淡水白鱼) [19th c.: origin unknown]

cislunar /sisˈlu:nə/ adj.  between the earth and the moon 在月球与地球之间的

cispontine /sisˈpɒntain/ adj.  on the north (originally the better-known) side of the Thames in London (伦敦)泰晤士河北侧的 [CIS- + Latin pons pont- ‘bridge’]

cissy var.  of SISSY  SISSY 的变体

cist1 /sist/ n. (also 亦作 kist /kist/) Archaeol.  a coffin or burial chamber made from stone or a hollowed tree 【考古】石棺，墓窖；空心树干棺 [Welsh, = CHEST]

cist2 /sist/ n. Gk Antiq.  a box used for sacred utensils [古希腊]圣器箱(或柜) [Latin cista from Greek kistē ‘box’]

Cistercian /siˈstɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a monk or nun of an order founded in 1098 as a stricter branch of the Benedictines 西多会修士(或修女) ●adj.  of the Cistercians 西多会的 [French cistercien from Cistercium, the Latin name of Cîteaux near Dijon in France, where the order was founded]

cistern /ˈsistən/ n.  1  a tank for storing water, esp. supplying taps or as part of a flushing lavatory (尤指屋顶上的)贮水器，蓄水箱；(抽水马桶的)水箱 2  an underground reservoir for rainwater (贮存雨水的)地下蓄水池 [Middle English via Old French cisterne from Latin cisterna (as CIST2)]

cistus /ˈsistəs/ n.  any shrub of the genus Cistus, with large white or red flowers Also called 亦称作 ROCK ROSE 岩蔷薇(岩玫瑰属灌木，开白色或红色大花朵) [modern Latin, from Greek kistos]

citadel /ˈsitəd(ə)l, -del/ n.  1  a fortress, usu. on high ground protecting or dominating a city (建于高处用来保护或俯视城池的)城堡，堡垒，要塞 2  a meeting hall of the Salvation Army 救世军会议厅 [French citadelle or Italian citadella, ultimately from Latin civitas -tatis ‘city’]

citation /saiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the citing of a book or other source; a passage cited 引证，引经据典；引文 2  a mention in an official dispatch 传令嘉奖，通报表彰 3  a note accompanying an award, describing the reasons for it 表扬信；表彰，嘉奖

cite /sait/ v. tr.  1  adduce as an instance 提出(例证)，举例 2  quote (a passage, book, or author) in support of an argument etc. 引用，引证(段落、书籍、作者等) 3  mention in an official dispatch 传令嘉奖 4  summon to appear in a law court 传唤，传讯 □ citable  adj.   [Middle English via French from Latin citare, from ciēre ‘set moving’]

CITES abbr.  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species [缩略]濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约

citified /ˈsitifaid/ adj. (also 亦作 cityfied) usu. derog.  city-like or urban in appearance or behaviour [常贬] (指外表或行为)城市气的，城市派头的

citizen /ˈsitiz(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized 公民  British citizen  英国公民 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  an inhabitant of a city 市民，城镇居民b  a freeman of a city 自由民 3 US  a civilian [美]平民，百姓 □ citizenhood  n.  公民身份，公民□ citizenry  n.  (总称)公民，市民；平民百姓□ citizenship  n.  公民(或市民)资格，公民(或市民)身份 [Middle English from Anglo-French citesein, Old French citeain, ultimately from Latin civitas -tatis ‘city’: cf. DENIZEN]

citizen of the world n.  a person who is at home anywhere; a cosmopolitan 世界公民，四海为家者；世界主义者

Citizens' Advice Bureau n. (in the UK) an office at which the public can receive free advice and information on civil matters (英国)民政事务咨询局

citizen's arrest n.  an arrest by an ordinary person without a warrant, allowable in certain cases (在某些情况下法律许可的)公民对现行犯的逮捕

citizens' band n.  a system of local intercommunication by individuals on special radio frequencies 民用波段，民用电台频带

Citizen's Charter n. Polit.  a document, esp. a British government document of 1991, guaranteeing citizens the right of redress where a public service fails to meet certain standards 【政】(尤指英国政府 1991 年发布的)公民补偿法令

citole /siˈtəʊl/ n. hist.  a musical instrument akin to the lute, a precursor of the cittern [史义]西特琴(一种类似鲁特琴的拨弦乐器) [Middle English from Old French: related to CITTERN with diminutive suffix]

citrate /ˈsitreit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of citric acid 【化】柠檬酸盐(或酯)

citric /ˈsitrik/ adj.  derived from citrus fruit 取自柠檬(或柑橘)的 □ citrate  n.   [French citrique from Latin citrus ‘citron’]

citric acid n.  a sharp-tasting water-soluble organic acid found in the juice of lemons and other sour fruits and used as a flavouring and setting agent 柠檬酸

citrin /ˈsitrin/ n.  = BIOFLAVONOID 

citrine /ˈsitrin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lemon-coloured 柠檬色的 ●n.  a transparent yellow variety of quartz also called 亦称作 false topaz 黄水晶，茶晶 [Middle English from Old French citrin (as CITRUS)]

citron /ˈsitr(ə)n/ n.  1  a shrubby tree, Citrus medica, bearing large lemon-like fruits with thick fragrant peel 枸橼树，香橼树(柑橘属灌木，其果实形似柠檬，果皮厚而且有芳香气味) 2  this fruit 枸橼，香橼 [French from Latin CITRUS, on the pattern of limon ‘lemon’]

citronella /sitrəˈnelə/ n.  1  any fragrant grass of the genus Cymbopogon, native to S. Asia 亚香茅(香茅属芳香草类植物，产于南亚) 2  the scented oil from these, used in insect repellent, and perfume and soap manufacture 香茅油(用于制造驱蚊剂、香料、肥皂等) [modern Latin, formed as CITRON + diminutive suffix]

citrus /ˈsitrəs/ n. (pl. citruses)  1  any tree of the genus Citrus (rue family), including citron, lemon, lime, orange, and grapefruit 柑橘属果树(包括香橼、柠檬、酸橙、橘子和葡萄柚) 2 (in full 全称 citrus fruit)  a fruit from such a tree 柑橘属果实 □ citrous  adj.   [Latin, = citron tree or thuja]

cittern /ˈsit(ə)n/ n. hist.  a wire-stringed lutelike instrument usu. played with a plectrum [史义]西特琴(一种类似鲁特琴的拨弦乐器) [Latin cithara, Greek kithara, a kind of harp, assimilated to GITTERN]

city /ˈsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a large town 城市，都市b Brit. (strictly) a town created a city by charter and containing a cathedral [英]特别市(由国王批准建立，为主教座堂所在地)c US  a municipal state-chartered corporation occupying a definite area [美] (州政府特许的)地方自治市 2 (作 the City) Brit. [英]  a  the part of London governed by the Lord Mayor and the Corporation 伦敦城(由市长和市政当局管理的伦敦市中心区)b  the business part of this (伦敦的)商业中心c  commercial circles; high finance 商业广场；巨额融资营业所 3 (作 attrib.)  of a city or the City 城市的；伦敦城的 □ cityward  adj. & adv.  □ citywards  adv.   [Middle English via Old French cité from Latin civitas -tatis, from civis ‘citizen’]

City Company n. (in the UK) a corporation descended from an ancient trade guild (英国)伦敦市商业公会

city desk n.  a department of a newspaper dealing Brit. with business news or N. Amer. with local news [英] (报社的)金融与商业新闻部；[北美]本地新闻部

City editor n.  1 Brit.  the editor dealing with financial news in a newspaper or magazine [英] (报纸或杂志的)金融与商业新闻编辑 2 (作 city editor) N. Amer.  the editor dealing with local news [北美]本地新闻编辑

city father n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a person concerned with or experienced in the administration of a city 城市元老

cityfied var.  of CITIFIED  CITIFIED 的变体

city hall n. N. Amer.  municipal offices or officers [北美]市政厅，市政府；市政官员

city manager n. N. Amer. (in some cities) an official directing the administration of a city [北美] (某些城市的)城市经理，市政执行官

city page n. Brit.  the part of a newspaper or magazine dealing with the financial and business news [英] (报纸或杂志的)金融与商业新闻版

cityscape /ˈsitiskeip/ n.  1  a view of a city (actual or depicted) 城市风光照片(或绘画) 2  city scenery 城市风光

city slicker n. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1  a smart and sophisticated city dweller (打扮时髦老于世故的)城市滑头，老油子 2  a plausible rogue as usu. found in cities (通常指城市中)花言巧语的无赖

city state n. esp. hist.  a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state [尤史义]城邦，城市国家

City Technology College n.  a type of secondary school, set up mainly in towns and cities through partnerships between the Government and business and concentrating on technology and science 城市技术学院(一种由市政府与企业合办以讲授科技知识为主的中等学校)

civet /ˈsivit/ n.  1 (in full 全称 civet cat)  a slender catlike animal of the family Viverridae, esp. Viverra civetta of central Africa, having well-developed anal scent glands 灵猫(灵猫科动物，产于中部非洲，有发达的香腺) 2  a strong musky perfume obtained from the secretions of these scent glands 灵猫香(雌灵猫香腺分泌的油质液体) [French civette via Italian zibetto and medieval Latin zibethum from Arabic azzabɑˉd, from al ‘the’ + zabɑˉd = sense 2]

civic /ˈsivik/ adj.  1  of a city; municipal 城市的，都市的 2  of or proper to citizens 公民的，市民的；适合于公民的  civic virtues  公民道德 3  of citizenship, civil 公民身份的；民事的 □ civically  adv.   [French civique or Latin civicus, from civis ‘citizen’]

civic centre n.  the area in a town where municipal offices and other public buildings are situated; the buildings themselves 市中心(指市政机关及其他公用建筑所在的区域)；市府大厦，市府礼堂

civics /ˈsiviks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of the rights and duties of citizenship 公民学(研究公民权利与义务的学科)

civil /ˈsiv(ə)l, -il/ adj.  1  of or belonging to citizens 公民的；属于公民的 2  of ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or naval or ecclesiastical matters 平民的，非军事的，非教会的；文职的；文官的 3  polite, obliging, not rude 文明的，有礼貌的，有教养的 4 Law  relating to civil law, not criminal or political matters 【法律】民事的(非刑事的或政治的)，民法的  civil court  民事法庭 civil lawyer  民事辩护律师 5 (of the length of a day, year, etc.) fixed by custom or law, not natural or astronomical (日、年等的长度)根据习俗(或法律)规定的(非自然的或天文的) □ civilly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin civilis, from civis ‘citizen’]

civil aviation n.  non-military, esp. commercial, aviation 民航，民用航空

civil commotion n. Brit. Law  a riot or similar disturbance [英]【法律】平民暴乱(或骚乱)

civil defence n.  the organization and training of civilians for the protection of lives and property during and after attacks in wartime 民防(指战时为保护人民生命财产而对公民进行的防空训练)；民防组织

civil disobedience n.  the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes etc. as a peaceful form of political protest (以拒绝遵守政府法令或拒绝纳税等方式进行的)非暴力反抗

civil engineer n.  an engineer who designs or maintains roads, bridges, dams, etc. 土木工程师 □ civil engineering  n.  土木工程(学)

civilian /siˈvilj(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person not in the armed services or the police force 平民，百姓(非军人或警察) ●adj.  of or for civilians 平民的，百姓的

civilianize /siˈvilj(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make civilian in character or function 使平民化；使转为民用 □ civilianization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

civility /siˈviliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  politeness 礼貌，客气，谦恭 2  an act of politeness 礼貌的举止 [Middle English via Old French civilité from Latin civilitas -tatis (as CIVIL)]

civilization /ˌsivilaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1  an advanced stage or system of social development 文明；文明阶段；文明世界 2  those peoples of the world regarded as having this 文明民族 3  a people or nation (esp. of the past) regarded as an element of social evolution (尤指被视为社会发展进程中的一分子的古代)民族，国家  ancient civilizations  古代文明 the Inca civilization  印加文明 4  making or becoming civilized 开化；教化

civilize /ˈsivilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  bring out of a barbarous or primitive stage of society 使文明，使开化 2  enlighten; refine and educate 教化；教导；熏陶 □ civilizable  adj.  □ civilizer  n.   [French civiliser (as CIVIL)]

civil law n.  1  law concerning private rights (opp. 反义 CRIMINAL LAW) 民法 2  Roman or non-ecclesiastical law, as of Quebec (in Canada), France, or Germany (cf. 参见 COMMON LAW) 罗马法；国家法(如在加拿大的魁北克、法国或德国)

civil liberty n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  freedom of action and speech subject to the law 公民自由(指法律许可的行动和言论自由) □ civil libertarian  n.  

Civil List n. (in the UK) an annual allowance voted by Parliament for the royal family's household expenses (英国) (议会表决通过的)王室费用

civil marriage n.  a marriage solemnized as a civil contract without religious ceremony 公证结婚(不举行宗教仪式的婚姻)

civil parish  see 见 PARISH 2 

civil rights n. pl.  the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality 公民权，公民权利

civil servant n.  a member of the civil service 公务员；文职官员；文官雇员

civil service n.  the permanent professional branches of State administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians 文职部门，行政机构

civil state n. Brit.  marital status; being single, married, or divorced, etc. [英]婚姻状况(指单身、已婚或离婚等)

civil war n.  a war between citizens of the same country 内战

civil year  see 见 YEAR 2 

civvy /ˈsivi/ n. & adj. (pl. -ies) slang [俚语] ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  civilian clothes 便服(与军服相对) 2  a civilian 平民，百姓 ●adj.  civilian 平民的；民用的 [abbreviation]

Civvy Street /ˈsivi/ n. Brit. slang  civilian life [英] [俚语]平民生活 [abbreviation]

CJ abbr.  Chief Justice [缩略]首席法官

CJD abbr.  Creutzfeldt － Jakob disease [缩略]克－雅二世病

Cl symb. Chem.  the element chlorine [符]【化】(化学元素)氯

cl abbr. [缩略]  1  centilitre(s)  2  class 

clack /klæk/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  make a sharp sound as of boards struck together 发出尖利的撞击声；作喀哒声，作啪哒声 2  chatter, esp. loudly (尤指大声地)唠叨，喋喋不休地说 ●n.  1  a clacking sound 喀哒声，啪哒声 2  clacking talk 唠叨声，喋喋不休的说话声 □ clacker  n.   [Middle English, = to chatter, probably from Old Norse klaka, of imitative origin]

clad1 /klæd/ adj.  1  clothed 穿…衣服的 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : leather-clad  穿皮衣的 scantily clad  穿得很少的 2  provided with cladding 覆有包层的，覆有镀层的 [past part. of CLOTHE]

clad2 /klæd/ v. tr. (cladding; past and past part. cladded or clad)  provide with cladding 给…加包层(或镀层) [apparently from CLAD1]

cladding /ˈklædiŋ/ n.  a covering or coating on a structure or material etc. (设备或材料等上面的)包层，镀层

clade /kleid/ n. Biol.  a group of organisms evolved from a common ancestor 【生】进化枝，分化枝 [Greek klados ‘branch’]

cladistics /kləˈdistiks/ n. Biol.  a method of classification of animals and plants on the basis of those shared characteristics which are assumed to indicate common ancestry 【生】进化枝学，生物分类学 □ cladism  /ˈklædiz(ə)m/ n.  □ cladistic  adj.   [as CLADE + -IST + -ICS]

cladode /ˈkleidəʊd/ n. Bot.  a flattened leaflike stem 【植】叶状枝 [Greek kladōdēs ‘many-shooted’, from klados ‘shoot’]

cladogram /ˈkleidə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n. Biol.  a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species 【生】进化分枝图，进化树

claim /kleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  demand as one's due or property 对(权益或财产)提出要求；认领；索取b (usu. absol. [通常含宾])  submit a request for payment under an insurance policy (凭保险单)索赔 2  a  represent oneself as having or achieving 具有，宣布获得  claim victory  宣告胜利 claim accuracy  具有准确性b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  profess 声称，表示  claimed to be the owner  声称自己是物主c  assert, contend 断言，宣称  claim that one knows  宣称某人了解(某事) 3  have as an achievement or a consequence 以…为其成果(或后果)  could then claim five wins  那么能赢 5 场 the fire claimed many victims  火灾使许多人丧生 4 (of a thing) deserve (one's attention etc.) (事情)值得(注意等) ●n.  1  a  a demand or request for something considered one's due 要求；认领(某物)  lay claim to  对…提出要求 put in a claim  提出赔偿要求b  an application for compensation under the terms of an insurance policy (依据保险单条款提出的)索赔申请 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, on)  a right or title to a thing 权利，所有权，要求权  his only claim to fame  惟一使他出名的东西 have many claims on my time  有许多事要占用我的时间 3  a contention or assertion 声称，断言 4  a thing claimed 要求物 5  a statement of the novel features in a patent (专利中对特征的)陈述 6 Mining  a piece of land allotted or taken 【采矿学】分配(或占用)的土地 □ claimable  adj.  □ claimer  n.   [Middle English via Old French claime (from clamer ‘call out’) from Latin clamare]

claimant /ˈkleim(ə)nt/ n.  a person making a claim, esp. in a lawsuit or for a state benefit (尤指民事诉讼中的)要求者，要求权利的人；原告

clairaudience /klɛərˈɔ:diəns/ n.  the supposed faculty of perceiving, as if by hearing, what is inaudible 神听，超人的听力 □ clairaudient  adj. & n.   [French clair CLEAR, + AUDIENCE, on the pattern of CLAIRVOYANCE]

Claire /kleə/   克莱尔 [人名]

clairvoyance /klɛəˈvɔiəns/ n.  1  the supposed faculty of perceiving things or events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact 神视，超人的视力 2  exceptional insight 洞察力 [French clairvoyance, from clair CLEAR + voir voy- ‘see’]

clairvoyant /klɛəˈvɔiənt/ n. & adj. ●n. (fem. clairvoyante)  a person having clairvoyance 千里眼；有洞察力的人 ●adj.  having clairvoyance 有超人视力的；有洞察力的 □ clairvoyantly  adv.  

clam /klæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any bivalve mollusc, esp. the edible N. American hard or round clam (Venus mercenaria) or the soft or long clam (Mya arenaria) 蛤，蛤蜊(双壳软体动物，尤指可食用的北美硬壳圆蛤或软体蛤或长蛤) 2 colloq.  a shy or withdrawn person [口]腼腆的人；内敛的人 ●v. intr. (clammed, clamming)  1  dig for clams 挖蛤，拾蛤 2 (foll. by 后跟 up) colloq.  refuse to talk [口]保持沉默，拒不开口 [16th c.: apparently from clam ‘a clamp’]

clamant /ˈkleim(ə)nt, ˈklæm-/ adj. literary  noisy; insistent, urgent [文学用语]喧闹的，吵闹的；紧急的，紧迫的 □ clamantly  adv.   [Latin clamare clamant- ‘cry out’]

clamber /ˈklæmbə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  climb with hands and feet, esp. with difficulty or laboriously (尤指费劲或吃力地)爬，攀登 ●n.  a difficult climb (费劲或吃力地)爬，攀登 [Middle English, probably from clamb, obsolete past tense of CLIMB]

clammy /ˈklæmi/ adj. (clammier, clammiest)  1  unpleasantly damp and sticky or slimy 黏湿的，黏滑的 2 (of weather) cold and damp (指天气)冷而湿的 □ clammily  adv.  □ clamminess  n.   [Middle English from clam ‘to daub’]

clamour /ˈklæmə/ n. & v. (US [美] clamor) ●n.  1  loud or vehement shouting or noise 吵闹声，喧闹声 2  a protest or complaint; an appeal or demand 抗议，抱怨；要求，呼吁 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clamour 喧闹地提出要求；喧闹地抗议(或抱怨) 2 tr.  utter with a clamour 喧闹，吵闹 □ clamorous  adj.  □ clamorously  adv.  □ clamorousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin clamor -oris, from clamare ‘cry out’]

clamp1 /klæmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device, esp. a brace or band of iron etc., for strengthening other materials or holding things together 夹具，(尤指铁质等的)夹头，夹钳 2 Brit.  a device for immobilizing an illegally parked car [英] (使违章停车不能开动的)锁定装置 ●v. tr.  1  strengthen or fasten with a clamp 用夹具固定；加固 2  place or hold firmly 夹住；夹紧 3  immobilize (an illegally parked car) by fixing a clamp to one of its wheels 锁定(违章停车的)车轮 □ clamp down   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  be rigid in enforcing a rule etc. 严格执行(规章等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  try to suppress 力图压制，取缔；镇压 [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German klamp(e)]

clamp2 /klæmp/ n.  1 Brit.  a heap of potatoes or other root vegetables stored under straw or earth [英] (用土堆或草堆贮藏的)土豆(或根茎蔬菜)堆 2  a pile of bricks for firing (窑内待烧制的)砖垛 3  a pile of turf or peat or garden rubbish etc. 泥炭堆，草木垃圾堆 [16th c.: probably from Dutch klamp ‘heap’, related to CLUMP]

clampdown /ˈklæmpdaʊn/ n.  an act of clamping down or trying to suppress 严格限制，压制，取缔

clamshell /ˈklæmʃel/ n.  1  the shell of a clam, formed of two roughly equal valves with a hinge 蛤壳 2  a thing with a lid or opening section resembling this, e.g. a kind of mechanical digger, a hatch in an aircraft, a portable computer, a box for takeaway food 蛤壳式物品(如抓斗挖土机、飞机舱口盖、便携式计算机、方便饭盒等)

clan /klæn/ n.  1  a group of people with a common ancestor, esp. in the Scottish Highlands (尤指苏格兰高地人的)宗族 2  a large family as a social group 家族，亲族 3  a group with a strong common interest (因共同利益而结成的)集团，帮派，宗派 4  a  a genus, species, or class (生物的)类，种类，属b  a family or group of animals, e.g. elephants (动物的)纲，族 [Middle English via Gaelic clann from Latin planta ‘sprout’]

clandestine /klænˈdestin, ˈklændestin/ adj.  surreptitious, secret 偷偷摸摸的，私下的，秘密的 □ clandestinely  adv.  □ clandestinity  /-ˈtiniti/ n.   [French clandestin or Latin clandestinus, from clam ‘secretly’]

clang /klæŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a loud resonant metallic sound as of a bell or hammer etc. (钟、铁锤等金属撞击的)铿锵声，丁当声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clang 发铿锵声，发丁当声 2 tr.  cause to clang 使丁当作响，使铿锵地碰撞 [imitative: influenced by Latin clangere ‘resound’]

clanger /ˈklæŋə/ n. esp. Brit. slang  a mistake or blunder [尤英] [俚语]错误，大错 □ drop a clanger   commit a conspicuous indiscretion 铸成大错

clangour /ˈklæŋɡə/ n. (US [美] clangor)  1  a prolonged or repeated clanging noise (持续或重复的)铿锵声，丁当声 2  an uproar or commotion 喧闹声，喧嚣声 □ clangorous  adj.  □ clangorously  adv.   [Latin clangor ‘noise of trumpets etc.’]

clank /klæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a sound as of heavy pieces of metal meeting or a chain rattling (金属或铁链撞击的)丁当声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clanking sound 发出丁当声 2 tr.  cause to clank 使丁当响 □ clankingly  adv.   [imitative: cf. CLANG, CLINK1, Dutch klank]

clannish /ˈklæniʃ/ adj. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1 (of a family or group) tending to hold together (家族或人群)抱成一团的，小集团的 2  of or like a clan 家族的，宗族的 □ clannishly  adv.  □ clannishness  n.  

clanship /ˈklænʃip/ n.  1  a patriarchal system of clans 氏族制度，宗族制度，家长制 2  loyalty to one's clan 对宗族的忠诚，对集团的忠诚

clansman /ˈklænzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. clanswoman, pl. -women)  a member or fellow member of a clan 氏族成员；集团成员

clap1 /klæp/ v. & n. ●v. (clapped, clapping)  1  a intr.  strike the palms of one's hands together as a signal or repeatedly as applause 拍手(作信号)；鼓掌b tr.  strike (the hands) together in this way (用手)拍，击掌 2 tr. Brit.  applaud or show one's approval of (esp. a person) in this way [英]拍手，为…鼓掌(喝彩或赞同) 3 tr. (of a bird) flap (its wings) audibly (鸟)振翼，拍翅 4 tr.  put or place quickly or with determination 急速放置，果断放置  clapped him in prison  将他投入监狱 clap a tax on whisky  对威士忌酒进行征税 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  slap (a person) encouragingly on (the back, shoulder, etc.) 拍(某人的背、肩膀等以示鼓励) ●n.  1  the act of clapping, esp. as applause 拍手；(尤指)鼓掌，喝彩 2  an explosive sound, esp. of thunder 爆裂声；(尤指雷电的)轰隆声 3  a slap, a pat 掌击；轻拍 □ clap eyes on  colloq.  see [口]看见□ clap on the back   = slap on the back 赞扬，鼓励 [Old English clappian ‘throb, beat’, of imitative origin]

clap2 /klæp/ n. coarse slang  venereal disease, esp. gonorrhoea [粗俗俚语]花柳病，性病(尤指淋病) [Old French clapoir ‘venereal bubo’]

clapboard /ˈklæpbɔ:d, ˈklæbəd/ n. US [美]  = WEATHERBOARD  [Anglicized from Low German klappholt ‘cask-stave’]

clapped out adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) Brit. slang  worn out (esp. of machinery etc.); exhausted [英] [俚语] (尤指机器等)用坏了的，破旧的；筋疲力尽的

clapper /ˈklæpə/ n.  the tongue or striker of a bell 钟锤，铃锤 □ like the clappers  Brit. slang  very fast or hard [英] [俚语]很快地，很猛地

clapperboard /ˈklæpəbɔ:d/ n. Cinematog.  a device of hinged boards struck together to synchronize the starting of picture and sound machinery in filming 【电影】(拍摄电影时用的)拍板，场记板

claptrap /ˈklæptræp/ n.  1  insincere or pretentious talk, nonsense 不诚实的话，虚伪的话；废话 2  language used or feelings expressed only to gain applause 哗众取宠的语言(或表情) [CLAP1 + TRAP1]

claque /klæk, klɑ:k/ n.  a group of people hired to applaud in a theatre etc. (受雇在剧场中)鼓掌捧场的一伙人 [French, from claquer ‘to clap’]

claqueur /klɑ:ˈkɜ:/ n.  a member of a claque 鼓掌捧场者；奉承拍马者 [French (as CLAQUE)]

clarabella /klærəˈbelə/ n.  an organ stop with the quality of a flute (管风琴上具有长笛音色的)柔音音栓 [fem. forms of Latin clarus ‘clear’ and bellus ‘pretty’]

Clare /kleə/   克莱尔 [人名]

Clarence /ˈklærəns/   克拉伦斯 [人名]

clarence /ˈklær(ə)ns/ n. hist.  a four-wheeled closed carriage with seats for four inside and two on the box [史义]克拉伦斯马车(一种封闭式四座四轮马车) [named after the Duke of Clarence, afterwards William IV]

Clarenceux /ˈklær(ə)nsu:/ n. Heraldry (in the UK) the title given to the second King of Arms, with jurisdiction south of the Trent (cf. 参见 NORROY, KING OF ARMS) 【纹章学】(英国)纹章次官(管辖特伦特河以南的纹章事务) [Middle English from Anglo-French, from the dukedom of Clarence (named after Clare in Suffolk) : the Clarence herald was made King of Arms]

claret /ˈklærət/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  red wine, esp. from Bordeaux 红葡萄酒(尤指波尔多红葡萄酒) 2  a deep purplish red 暗紫红色 3 Brit. archaic slang  blood [英古义] [俚语]血 ●adj.  claret-coloured 暗紫红色的 [Middle English via Old French (vin) claret and medieval Latin claratum (vinum) from Latin clarus ‘clear’]

clarify /ˈklærifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become clearer 澄清，阐明，使清楚明了 2 tr.  a  free (liquid, butter, etc.) from impurities 使(液体、黄油等)净化，除去杂质b  make transparent 使透明c  purify 净化 □ clarification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ clarificatory  /-fiˈkeit(ə)ri/ n.  □ clarifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French clarifier from Latin clarus ‘clear’]

clarinet /klæriˈnet/ n.  1  a  a woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece, a cylindrical tube with a flared end, holes, and keys 单簧管，黑管，竖笛b  a clarinet-player 单簧管手，黑管手，竖笛手 2  an organ stop with a quality resembling that of a clarinet (管风琴的)笛管音栓 □ clarinettist  n. (US [美] clarinetist)   [French clarinette, diminutive of clarine, a kind of bell]

clarion /ˈklæriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a clear rousing sound 嘹亮的声音 2 hist.  a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet [史义]尖音小号 3  an organ stop with a quality resembling that of a clarion (管风琴的)尖音音栓 ●adj.  clear and loud 嘹亮的 [Middle English via medieval Latin clario -onis from Latin clarus ‘clear’]

clarity /ˈklæriti/ n.  the state or quality of being clear, esp. of sound or expression (尤指声音或表述)清晰，明晰 [Middle English from Latin claritas, from clarus ‘clear’]

Clark /klɑ:k/   克拉克 [人名]

clarkia /ˈklɑ:kiə/ n.  any plant of the genus Clarkia, native to N. America, with showy white, pink, or purple flowers 克拉花(钩瓣属植物，产于北美，开艳丽的白、粉红或紫色花朵) [modern Latin, named after W. Clark, US explorer (d. 1838), who discovered it]

clary /ˈklɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Salvia 鼠尾草属芳香植物 [Middle English from obsolete French clarie, representing medieval Latin sclarea]

clash /klæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a loud jarring sound as of metal objects being struck together (金属之间)刺耳的撞击声音b  a collision, esp. with force (尤指猛烈的)碰撞 2  a  a conflict or disagreement 冲突；争论b  a discord of colours etc. (色彩等)不协调 ●v.  1  a intr.  make a clashing sound 发出刺耳撞击声b tr.  cause to clash 使碰撞 2 intr.  collide; coincide awkwardly 碰撞；(时间安排的)撞车，冲突 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  come into conflict or be at variance 冲突；不相符b (of colours) be discordant (色彩)不协调 □ clasher  n.   [imitative: cf. clack, clang, crack, crash]

clasp /klɑ:sp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a device with interlocking parts for fastening 钩子，扣子，夹子b  a buckle or brooch 搭扣，饰针c  a metal fastening on a book cover (书的)封皮夹 2  a  an embrace; a person's reach 紧抱，拥抱b  a grasp or handshake 握紧；握手 3  a bar of silver on a medal-ribbon with the name of the battle etc. at which the wearer was present (勋章丝带上的)银质附饰 ●v.  1 tr.  fasten with or as with a clasp 扣住；扣紧；钩住 2 tr.  a  grasp, hold closely 握紧，握住b  embrace, encircle 拥抱；围住 3 intr.  fasten a clasp 扣住(扣子)；钩住(钩子) □ clasp hands   shake hands with fervour or affection 热烈握手□ clasp one's hands   interlace one's fingers 两手十指交错地紧握在一起□ clasper  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

clasper /ˈklɑ:spə/ n. (in pl. 用复数)  the appendages of some male fish and insects used to hold the female in copulation (雄性鱼或昆虫的)鳍脚，交合突；抱握器

clasp-knife n.  a folding knife, usu. with a catch holding the blade when open (通常带锁闩的)折刀

class /klɑ:s/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  any set of persons or things grouped together, or graded or differentiated from others esp. by quality 种类，门类；等级，级别  first class  头等(舱) economy class  经济舱 2  a  a division or order of society 阶级，阶层，社会等级  upper class  上等阶层，上层社会 professional classes  职业阶层b  a caste system, a system of social classes 等级制度，社会等级制度c (the classes) archaic  the rich or educated [古义] (用复数)有钱人，受过教育的人 3 colloq.  distinction or high quality in appearance, behaviour, etc.; stylishness [口] (外表、行为等)优越，出众；优美 4  a  a group of students or pupils taught together 班级b  the occasion when they meet 课堂c  their course of instruction 课，上课 5 US  all the college or school students of the same standing or graduating in a given year [美]同届(大)学生，同年级(大)学生  the class of 1990  90 级学生 6 (in conscripted armies) all the recruits of a given year 同一年应征入伍者  the 1950 class  1950 年入伍的士兵 7 Brit.  a division of candidates according to merit in an examination [英] (根据考试成绩来分的)考生等级，优等生等级 8 Biol.  a grouping of organisms, the next major rank below a division or phylum 【生】(动植物分类的)纲 ●v. tr.  assign to a class or category 把…归入某类，把…分类 ●attrib. adj. colloq.  classy, stylish [口]高级的；时髦的，有风度的 □ in a class of (or on) its (or one's) own   unequalled 独具一格；无可比拟□ no class  colloq.  a lack of quality or distinction [口]低劣的，劣等的 [Latin classis ‘assembly’]

class-conscious adj.  aware of and reacting to social divisions or one's place in a system of social class 有阶级觉悟的；有阶级意识的 □ class-consciousness  n.  阶级意识，阶级觉悟

classic /ˈklæsik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of the first class; of acknowledged excellence 第一流的，最优秀的b  remarkably typical; outstandingly important 特别典型的；格外重要的  a classic case  典型案(病)例 2  a  of ancient Greek and Latin literature, art, or culture 古典的(指古希腊或拉丁文学、艺术或文化)b (of style in art, music, etc.) simple, harmonious, well-proportioned; in accordance with established forms (cf. 参见 ROMANTIC adj. 4a) (指艺术、音乐的风格)质朴的，和谐的，相称的；恪守传统形式的 3  having literary or historic associations (文学或历史上)著名的，历史悠久的  classic ground  古迹 4 (of clothes) made in a simple elegant style not much affected by changes in fashion (服装)式样简朴的；传统式样的 ●n.  1  a classic writer, artist, work, or example 经典作家，经典艺术家；经典作品；典型事例 2  a  an ancient Greek or Latin writer 古希腊(或拉丁)作家b (in pl. 用复数)  ancient Greek and Latin literature and history 古希腊(或拉丁)文学和历史c archaic  a scholar of ancient Greek and Latin [古义]古希腊(或拉丁)学者 3  a follower of classic models 古典派学者 4  a garment in classic style 传统式样的衣着 5 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  the classic races [英]传统赛马 [French classique or Latin classicus, from classis ‘class’]

classical /ˈklæsik(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture 古希腊(或拉丁)文学艺术的，古希腊(或拉丁)文化的b (of language) having the form used by the ancient standard authors (语言)古代著名作家使用的；古典的  classical Latin  古典拉丁语 classical Hebrew  古典希伯来语c  based on the study of ancient Greek and Latin 基于古希腊(和拉丁)研究的  a classical education  古典教育d  learned in classical studies 精通古典文学艺术的 2  a (of music) serious or conventional; following traditional principles and intended to be of permanent rather than ephemeral value (cf. 参见 POPULAR MUSIC, LIGHT2 adj. 5a) (音乐)严肃(或传统)的；古典乐派的，遵循传统音乐原则的b  of the period from c. 1750 － 1800 (cf. 参见 ROMANTIC adj. 4b) 古典乐派时代的 (1750 至 1800 年) 3  a  in or following the restrained style of classical antiquity (cf. 参见 ROMANTIC adj. 4a) 古典派的；古雅的b (of a form or period of art etc.) representing an exemplary standard; having a long-established worth (艺术形式或时期等)经典的；传统的；正统的 4 Physics  relating to the concepts which preceded relativity and quantum theory 【物理学】古典物理学的(指相对论和量子理论之前的物理学概念) □ classicalism  n.  □ classicalist  n.  □ classicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ classically  adv.   [Latin classicus (as CLASSIC)]

classicism /ˈklæsisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the following of a classic style 古典主义；古典风格 2  a  classical scholarship 古典主义修养(与学识)b  the advocacy of a classical education 提倡古典教育 3  an ancient Greek or Latin idiom 古希腊(或拉丁)语习语 □ classicist  n.  

classicize /ˈklæsisaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  make classic 使具有古典风格，使成为古典 2 intr.  imitate a classical style 模仿古典风格

classic race n. Brit.  each of the five main flat races of the horse racing season, namely the Two Thousand and the One Thousand Guineas, the Derby, the Oaks, and the St Leger [英]传统的五大马赛

classified /ˈklæsifaid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  arranged in classes or categories 分类的；归入某类的 2 (of information etc.) designated as officially secret (信息等)属于官方机密的，保密的 3 Brit. (of a road) assigned to a category according to its importance [英] (公路)根据重要性归类的 4 (of newspaper advertisements) arranged in columns according to various categories (报纸广告)根据种类分栏的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  classified advertisements 分类广告

classify /ˈklæsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  a  arrange in classes or categories 分类，分级，归类b  assign (a thing) to a class or category 把…归入某类，把…归入某级 2  designate as officially secret or not for general disclosure 把…定为官方机密(或不向公众泄漏) □ classifiable  adj.  □ classification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ classificatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.  □ classifier  n.   [back-formation from classification (from French, as CLASS)]

classism /ˈklɑ:siz(ə)m/ n.  discrimination on the grounds of social class 社会等级歧视 □ classist  adj. & n.  

classless /ˈklɑ:slis/ adj.  making or showing no distinction of classes 无阶级的，不分阶级的  classless society  无阶级社会 classless accent  不分阶级的口音 □ classlessness  n.  

class-list n. Brit.  a list of candidates in an examination with the class achieved by each [英] (根据考试成绩分等级排列的)学位成绩名单

classmate /ˈklɑ:smeit/ n.  a fellow member of a class, esp. at school 同班同学

classroom /ˈklɑ:sru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in which a class of students is taught, esp. in a school 教室，课堂

class war n.  conflict between social classes 阶级斗争

classy /ˈklɑ:si/ adj. (classier, classiest) colloq.  superior, stylish [口]高级的，优越的；时髦的，有风度的 □ classily  adv.  □ classiness  n.  

clastic /ˈklæstik/ adj. Geol.  designating a rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks 【地质】(岩石)碎屑状的，由碎屑构成的 [French clastique from Greek klastos ‘broken in pieces’]

clathrate /ˈklæθreit/ n. Chem.  a solid in which one component is enclosed in the structure of another 【化】笼形(包合)物 [Latin clathratus from clathri ‘lattice-bars’, from Greek klēthra]

clatter /ˈklætə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rattling sound as of many hard objects struck together (许多坚硬物体相撞时发出的)铿锵声，哐当声 2  noisy talk 吵闹声，喧哗声 ●v.  1 intr.  a  make a clatter 发哐当声，卡嗒卡嗒地响b  fall or move etc. with a clatter (哐当一声)落下，(哐当一声)移动 2 tr.  cause (plates etc.) to clatter (使碗碟等)卡嗒响 [Old English, of imitative origin]

Claud /klɔ:d/   克劳德 [人名]

Claude /klɔ:d/   克劳德 [人名]

Claudia /ˈklɔ:djə/   克劳迪娅 [人名]

claudication /klɔ:diˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  a cramping pain, esp. in the leg, caused by arterial obstruction; limping 【医】(尤指动脉阻塞引起的腿部)绞痛；跛，跛行 [Latin claudicare ‘limp’ from claudus ‘lame’]

clause /klɔ:z/ n.  1 Gram.  a distinct part of a sentence, including a subject and predicate 【语法】从句，分句，子句 2  a single statement in a treaty, law, bill, or contract (条约、法律文件、议案或合同的)条款 □ clausal  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin clausula ‘conclusion’, from claudere claus- ‘shut’]

claustral /ˈklɔ:str(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or associated with the cloister; monastic 修道院的；隐修院的 2  narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的，思想狭隘的 [Middle English via Late Latin claustralis from Latin claustrum CLOISTER]

claustrophobia /klɔ:strəˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal fear of confined places 幽闭恐怖症 [modern Latin, from Latin claustrum: see CLOISTER]

claustrophobic /klɔ:strəˈfəʊbik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  suffering from claustrophobia 患幽闭恐怖症的 2  inducing claustrophobia 导致幽闭恐怖症的 ●n.  a person who suffers from claustrophobia 幽闭恐怖症患者 □ claustrophobically  adv.  

clavate /ˈkleiveit/ adj. Bot.  club-shaped 【植】棒形的，末端粗大的 [modern Latin clavatus from Latin clava ‘club’]

clave1 /kleiv, klɑ:v/ n. Mus.  a hardwood stick used in pairs to make a hollow sound when struck together 【音】(拉美音乐及舞蹈中敲奏节拍的)敲击棒 [Latin American Spanish from Spanish, = keystone, from Latin clavis ‘key’]

clave2 archaic [古义] past  of CLEAVE2 

clavicembalo /klæviˈtʃembələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴 [Italian]

clavichord /ˈklævikɔ:d/ n.  a small keyboard instrument with a very soft tone 击弦古钢琴 [Middle English from medieval Latin clavichordium, from Latin clavis ‘key’, chorda ‘string’: see CHORD2]

clavicle /ˈklævik(ə)l/ n.  the collarbone 锁骨 □ clavicular  /kləˈvikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin clavicula, diminutive of clavis ‘key’ (from its shape)]

clavier /ˈklæviə, kləˈviə/ n. Mus.  1  any keyboard instrument 【音】键盘乐器，键盘弦乐器 2  its keyboard (钢琴等乐器的)键盘 [French clavier or German Klavier from medieval Latin claviarius, originally = key-bearer, from Latin clavis ‘key’]

claviform /ˈklævifɔ:m/ adj.  club-shaped 棒状的，棒形的 [Latin clava ‘club’]

claw /klɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pointed horny nail on an animal's or bird's foot (鸟兽的)爪；脚爪b  a foot bearing these 带爪的脚 2  the pincer of a crab or other crustacean (蟹或其他甲壳动物的)螯 3  a device for grappling, holding, etc. 爪状器具；钩；钳 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  scratch, maul, or pull (a person or thing) with claws (用爪等)抓，攫，撕，拉，挖 2 tr.  make (one's way) with difficulty by pulling oneself (as if) using claws (吃力地)爬 3 tr. & intr. Sc.  scratch gently [苏格兰]搔痒 4 intr. Naut.  beat to windward 【海】抢风行驶 □ claw back  Brit. [英]  1  regain laboriously or gradually 艰难地恢复，逐渐恢复 2  recover (money paid out) from another source (e.g. taxation) (增收税款以)弥补开支□ clawed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ clawless  adj.   [Old English clawu, clawian]

clawback /ˈklɔ:bæk/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the act of clawing back 弥补开支 2  money recovered in this way 弥补性收入

claw hammer n.  a hammer with one side of the head forked for extracting nails 羊角鎯头，拔钉锤

clay /klei/ n.  1  a stiff sticky earth, used for making bricks, pottery, ceramics, etc. (制砖、陶器、瓷器等的)黏土 2 poet.  the substance of the human body [诗]上帝用来造人的泥土，人的躯体，肉体 3 (in full 全称 clay pipe)  a tobacco pipe made of clay 黏土烟斗 □ clayey  adj.  □ clayish  adj.  □ claylike  adj.   [Old English clœˉg, from West Germanic]

claymore /ˈkleimɔ:/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a Scottish two-edged broadsword (旧时苏格兰人用的)双刃大刀b  a broadsword, often with a single edge, having a hilt with a basketwork design 篮式柄单刃大刀 2  a type of anti-personnel mine 克莱莫杀伤地雷 [Gaelic claidheamh mór ‘great sword’]

clay-pan n. Austral.  a natural hollow in clay soil, retaining water after rain [澳] (雨后积水的)淤泥浅洼地

clay pigeon n.  a breakable disc thrown up from a trap as a target for shooting 泥鸽(练习射击用的泥制盘形飞靶)

Clayton's /ˈkleit(ə)nz/ attrib. adj. Austral.  sham, illusory; being a poor substitute [澳]虚假的，伪造的；虚幻的，不切实际的 [from the proprietary name of a soft drink marketed as ‘the drink you have when you're not having a drink’]

-cle /k(ə)l, after s 前接 s 时发 (ə)l/ suffix  forming (originally diminutive) nouns (article 小物品 ; particle 颗粒) 构成名词，最初表示“小”，“微小” [as -CULE]

clean /kli:n/ adj., adv., v. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free from dirt or contaminating matter, unsoiled 清洁的，干净的，洁净的 2  clear; unused or unpolluted; preserving what is regarded as the original state 清澈的，未使用过的，未污染的，保持原状的  clean air  清新的空气 clean page  空白页 3  free from obscenity or indecency 不猥亵的，不下流的 4  a  attentive to personal hygiene and cleanliness 爱干净的，讲究清洁的b (of children and animals) toilet-trained or house-trained (小孩或动物)调教得不随地大小便的 5  complete, clear-cut, unobstructed, even 完整的；清晰的；畅通无阻的；匀称的 6  a (of a ship, aircraft, or car) streamlined, smooth (轮船、飞机或汽车)流线型的；光滑的b  well formed, slender and shapely 端正的，形体优美的  clean-limbed  四肢匀称的 the car has clean lines  那汽车线条优美 7  adroit, skilful 灵巧的，熟练的  clean fielding  灵巧的防守 8 (of a nuclear weapon) producing relatively little fallout (核武器)无放射性尘埃的 9  a  free from ceremonial defilement or from disease 无亵渎行为的；无疾病的b (of food) not prohibited (食品)不犯忌的 10  a  free from any record of a crime, offence, etc. 无犯罪历史的；无违章记录的  a clean driving licence  没有违章记录的执照b slang  free from suspicion; not carrying a weapon or incriminating material [俚语]无嫌疑的；没私带武器(或会招致指控的东西的)的c  observing the rules of a sport or game; fair 遵守体育规则的；公正的  a clean fight  公正的拳击比赛 11 (of a taste, smell, etc.) sharp, fresh, distinctive (味道、气味等)浓烈的；新鲜的；特别的 12 (of timber) free from knots (木材)无节疤的 ●adv.  1  completely, outright, simply 完全地，彻底地，简直  clean bowled  彻底击败 cut clean through  直接穿过 clean forgot  忘得一干二净 2  in a clean manner 干净利落地；熟练地 ●v.  1 tr. (also foll. by 亦后跟 of) & intr.  make or become clean 把…弄干净，使净化；变干净 2 tr.  eat all the food on (one's plate) 吃光(盘碟中的)食物 3 tr.  remove the innards of (fish or fowl) 出空，除去(鱼或家禽的)内脏 4 intr.  make oneself clean 洗漱；洗澡 ●n. esp. Brit.  the act or process of cleaning or being cleaned [尤英]清扫，刷洗  give it a clean  把它清洗干净 □ clean down  esp. Brit.  clean by brushing or wiping [尤英]把…刷洗(或擦)干净□ clean out   1  clean thoroughly 彻底清扫 2 slang  empty or deprive (esp. of money) [俚语]把…出空；把(钱)全部骗走□ clean up   1  a  clear (a mess) away 把(污物)清扫干净b (also absol. [亦含宾])  put (things) tidy 把(东西)收拾整齐c  make (oneself) clean 使(自己)梳洗整齐 2  restore order or morality to 使恢复秩序(或道德) 3 slang [俚语]  a  acquire as gain or profit 获利，获益b  make a gain or profit 赢利，赚钱□ come clean  colloq.  own up; confess everything [口]全部招供，和盘托出□ make a clean breast of   see 见 BREAST □ make a clean job of  colloq.  do thoroughly [口]把…彻底完成□ make a clean sweep of   see 见 SWEEP □ cleanable  adj.  □ cleanish  adj.  □ cleanness  /ˈkli:nnis/ n.   [Old English clœˉne (adj. & adv.), clēne (adv.), from West Germanic]

clean bill of health  see 见 BILL OF HEALTH 2 

clean break n.  a quick and final separation 决裂

clean-cut adj.  1  sharply outlined 轮廓鲜明的 2 (of a person) clean and neat (人)干净整洁的

cleaner /ˈkli:nə/ n.  1  a person employed to clean the interior of a building (室内)清洁工 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a commercial establishment for cleaning clothes 洗衣店，干洗店 3  a device or substance for cleaning 清洁器；清洁剂 □ take to the cleaners  slang [俚语]  1  defraud or rob (a person) of all his or her money 把(某人)的钱全部骗(或抢)走 2  criticize severely 严厉批评，强烈谴责

clean hands n. pl.  freedom from guilt 手脚干净，清白

clean-living adj.  of upright character 安分守己的，诚实正派的

cleanly1 /ˈkli:nli/ adv.  1  in a clean way 干净地，利索地 2  efficiently; without difficulty 能干地；不费力地 [Old English clœˉnlīce: see CLEAN, -LY2]

cleanly2 /ˈklenli/ adj. (cleanlier, cleanliest)  habitually clean; with clean habits 爱干净的；有清洁习惯的 □ cleanliness  n.   [Old English clœˉnlic: see CLEAN, -LY1]

cleanse /klenz/ v. tr.  1 usu. formal  make clean [通常正式]使清洁；清洗 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  purify from sin or guilt 净化心灵 3 archaic  cure (a leper etc.) [古义]医治(麻风病等) □ cleanser  n.  清洁剂；清洁工 [Old English clœˉnsian (see CLEAN)]

clean-shaven adj.  without beard, whiskers, or moustache 胡子刮得光光的

clean sheet n.  freedom from commitments or imputations; the removal of these from one's record 清白的历史，洗刷历史上的污点

cleansing cream n.  cream for removing unwanted matter from the face, hands, etc. 清洁霜，洁肤霜

cleansing department n. Brit.  a local service of refuse collection etc. [英]清洁管理所，垃圾处理站

cleanskin /ˈkli:nskin/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  an unbranded animal 未打烙印的牲口 2 slang  a person free from blame, without a police record, etc. [俚语]无作案记录的人

clean slate n.  = CLEAN SHEET 

clean-up n.  an act of cleaning up 打扫，清除，擦洗

clear /kliə/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  free from dirt or contamination 无尘土的，无污染的 2 (of weather, the sky, etc.) not dull or cloudy (天气、天空等)晴朗的，不阴沉的 3  a  transparent 透明的，清澈的，明净的b  lustrous, shining; free from obscurity 有光泽的，明亮的；不昏暗的 4 (of soup) not containing solid ingredients (汤)不含固体成分的 5 (of a fire) burning with little smoke (火)烧得旺的，不冒烟的 6  a  distinct, easily perceived by the senses 清楚的，清晰的，明显的b  unambiguous, easily understood 不含糊的，明白的，易懂的  make a thing clear  把某事讲解清楚 make oneself clear  把自己的思想表达清楚c  manifest; not confused or doubtful 明白无误的，不混淆的，无疑的  clear evidence  确信无疑的证据 7  that discerns or is able to discern readily and accurately 容易辨认的，分明的  clear thinking  清醒的思绪 8 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, on, or 或 that + clause)  confident, convinced, certain 有信心的，信服的，肯定的 9 (of a conscience) free from guilt (良心)清白的，无罪的 10 (of a road etc.) unobstructed, open (道路等)无障碍的，通畅的 11  a  net, without deduction 净的，纯的，无折扣的  a clear £ 1,000  净赚 1000 英镑b  complete 整整的，完全的  three clear days  整整三天时间 12 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free, unhampered; unencumbered by debt, commitments, etc. 自由的，不受限制的；无债务的，无负担的 13 (foll. by 后跟 of)  not obstructed by 不受阻碍的 ●adv.  1  clearly 清楚地，清晰地  speak loud and clear  说话声音清楚洪亮 2  completely 完全地，彻底地  he got clear away  他跑得无影无踪了 3  apart, out of contact 离开，不接触  keep clear  站开点儿 stand clear of the doors  别靠近门口 4 (foll. by 后跟 to) US  all the way [美]一直 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become clear (使)变清楚，(使)变清澈 2  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free from prohibition or obstruction (使)解除限制；(使)排除障碍b tr. & intr.  make or become empty or unobstructed 把…倒空，把…卸空；使…畅通无阻c tr.  free (land) for cultivation or building by cutting down trees etc. 开辟(土地)，清理(地基)d tr.  cause people to leave (a room etc.) 使(人)离开(房间等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  show or declare (a person) to be innocent 证明(某人)无辜，宣告(某人)无罪  cleared them of complicity  证明他们没有串通 4 tr.  approve (a person) for special duty, access to information, etc. 证明(某人)胜任职责；证明(某人)可做机密工作 5 tr.  pass over or by, safely or without touching, esp. by jumping (尤指跳跃)越过，通过(而不触及) 6 tr.  make (an amount of money) as a net gain or to balance expenses 净赚(一笔钱)；挣钱(以抵消开支) 7 tr.  pass (a cheque) through a clearing house (经票据交换所)结算，兑现(支票) 8 tr.  pass through (a customs office etc.) 结关，通过(海关等) 9 tr.  remove (an obstruction, an unwanted object, etc.) 清除障碍，清除不需之物  clear them out of the way  把它们清理掉以免碍事 10 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Football  send (the ball) out of one's defensive zone 【足球】把球踢出球门区 11 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, up) (of physical phenomena) disappear, gradually diminish (自然现象)消失，(逐渐)消散  mist cleared by lunchtime  到午饭时薄雾散去了 my cold has cleared up  我的感冒症状消失了 12 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  discharge (a debt) 使免除(债务) □ clear the air   1  make the air less sultry 使空气不太闷热 2  disperse an atmosphere of suspicion, tension, etc. 消除疑虑；缓和紧张气氛等□ clear away   1  remove completely 把…清除掉 2  remove the remains of a meal from the table 收拾(餐桌上的)剩饭□ clear the decks   prepare for action 准备行动□ clear off   1  get rid of 清除，摆脱 2 colloq.  go away [口]离开；溜走□ clear out   1  empty 倒空；出空 2  remove 清除 3 colloq.  go away [口]离开，走开□ clear one's throat   cough slightly to make one's voice clear 清清嗓子□ clear up   1  tidy up 清理，整理 2  solve (a mystery etc.) 消除(误会)，解除(疑团等) 3 (of weather) become fine (天气)放晴 4  disappear 消失  my cold has cleared up  我的感冒症状消失了□ clear the way   1  remove obstacles 排除障碍 2  stand aside 站到一边□ clear a thing with   get approval or authorization for a thing from (a person) 使(某事)得到(某人的)赞成(或批准)□ in clear   not in cipher or code 用一般文字书写的(非使用明码或密码)□ in the clear   free from suspicion or difficulty 无嫌疑的，无困难的□ out of a clear sky   as a complete surprise 晴天霹雳(完全出乎预料)□ clearable  adj.  □ clearly  adv.  □ clearness  n.   [Middle English via Old French cler from Latin clarus]

clearance /ˈkliər(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the removal of obstructions etc., esp. removal of buildings, persons, etc., so as to clear land 清除，清理(尤指清除建筑等以腾出空地)b  the removal of contents, esp. of a house 清除，出空(尤指把房子腾出来)c  = CLEARANCE SALE  2  clear space allowed for the passing of two objects or two parts in machinery etc. (机器等中两物体或零件之间的)间隙，余隙，净空 3  special authorization or permission (esp. for an aircraft to take off or land, or for access to information etc.) (飞机的)起飞(或降落)许可；(获取机密的)许可 4  a  the clearing of a person, ship, etc., by customs (人、船等在海关)办清海关手续b  a certificate showing this 办清海关手续的证明 5  the clearing of cheques 支票交换，清算 6 Football  a kick sending the ball out of a defensive zone 【足球】将球踢出球门区的动作 7  making clear 澄清，搞清楚

clearance order n.  an order for the demolition of buildings 拆除(建筑物的)命令

clearance sale n.  a sale to get rid of superfluous stock 清仓减价销售

clearcole /ˈkliəkəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  a mixture of size and whiting or white lead, used as a primer for distemper (粉刷、涂漆时使用的)白铅胶，打底腻子 ●v. tr.  paint with clearcole 给…涂打底腻子(或底胶) [French claire colle ‘clear glue’]

clear-cut adj. & v. ●adj.  sharply defined; obvious 轮廓鲜明的，清晰的 ●v. tr. (-cutting; past and past part. -cut)  cut down and remove every tree from (an area) 全部砍掉(将某处所有的树木都砍伐掉)

clearer /ˈkliərə/ n.  1  a clearing bank 票据交换银行 2  a person or thing that clears or clears away 清除者(器)；澄清者(器)

clear-headed adj.  thinking clearly; sensible 头脑清楚的；明事理的

clearing /ˈkliəriŋ/ n.  1  in senses of CLEAR v. 用于 CLEAR 的动词各释义 2  an area in a forest cleared for cultivation 林中空地

clearing bank n. Brit.  a bank which is a member of a clearing house [英]票据交换银行，票据交换所会员银行

clearing house n.  1  a bankers' establishment where cheques and bills from member banks are exchanged, so that only the balances need be paid in cash 票据交换所，结算所 2  an agency for collecting and distributing information etc. (情报等)交换所，交流中心

clear-out n.  an act or period of clearing out; a removal of unwanted items 清理；清除(不要的物品)

clear-sighted adj.  seeing, thinking, or understanding clearly 目光敏锐的；头脑清楚的

clearstory US var.  of CLERESTORY [美] CLERESTORY 的变体

clear-up n.  1  an act or period of clearing up or tidying 清理，整理 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  the solving of crimes 了结案件  clear-up rates  结案率

clearway /ˈkliəwei/ n. Brit.  a main road (other than a motorway) on which vehicles are not normally permitted to stop [英] (正常情况下不准停车的)超高速公路

clearwing /ˈkliəwiŋ/ n.  a day-flying moth with largely transparent wings, of the family Sesiidae 透翅蛾(一种白昼飞行的蛾子)

cleat /kli:t/ n.  1  a piece of metal, wood, etc., bolted on for fastening ropes to, or to strengthen woodwork etc. 系绳铁角，系索耳 2  a projecting piece on a spar, gangway, boot, etc., to give footing or prevent a rope from slipping (圆木、跳板等的)防滑木(或铁)条，(鞋底上的)防滑钉 3  a wedge 楔子，固着楔 [Old English: probably related to CLOT]

cleavage /ˈkli:vidʒ/ n.  1  the hollow between a woman's breasts, esp. as exposed by a low-cut garment 胸槽，乳沟(尤指妇女穿低开胸服装时两乳间暴露的部分) 2  a  a division or splitting 劈开；分裂b Biol.  cell division, esp. of a fertilized egg cell 【生】细胞分裂(尤指受精卵细胞分裂) 3  the splitting of rocks, crystals, etc., in a preferred direction (岩石、晶体等沿理想的方向)开裂

cleave1 /kli:v/ v. (past clove /kləʊv/ or cleft /kleft/ or cleaved; past part. cloven /ˈkləʊv(ə)n/ or cleft or cleaved) literary [文学用语]  1  a tr.  chop or break apart, split, esp. along the grain or the line of cleavage (尤指沿纹理或裂纹)砍开，劈开b intr.  come apart in this way 裂开，分裂 2 tr.  make one's way through (air or water) 穿过，钻过(空气或水) □ cleavable  adj.   [Old English clēofan, from Germanic]

cleave2 /kli:v/ v. intr. (past cleaved or archaic [古义] clave /kleiv/) (foll. by 后跟 to) literary  stick fast; adhere [文学用语]粘住；依恋，坚持 [Old English cleofian, clifian, from the West Germanic base also of CLAY]

cleaver /ˈkli:və/ n.  1  a tool for cleaving, esp. a heavy chopping tool used by butchers (尤指肉店的)切肉刀 2  a person who cleaves 切割者，劈砍者

cleavers /ˈkli:vəz/ n. (also 亦作 clivers /ˈklivəz/) (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a plant, Galium aparine, having hooked bristles on its stem that catch on clothes etc. Also called 亦称作 goosegrass 猪殃殃(猪殃殃属植物，其茎上的刺毛常常挂住人的衣服) [Old English clife, formed as CLEAVE2]

clef /klef/ n. Mus.  any of several symbols placed at the beginning of a staff, indicating the pitch of the notes written on it 【音】谱号(谱表开始处用来表示音位的符号) [French, from Latin clavis ‘key’]

cleft1 /kleft/ adj.  split, partly divided 劈开的；半裂开的 □ in a cleft stick  Brit.  in a difficult position, esp. one allowing neither retreat nor advance [英]进退维谷，处于进退两难的境地 [past part. of CLEAVE1]

cleft2 /kleft/ n.  a split or fissure; a space or division made by cleaving 裂缝，裂口 [Old English (related to CLEAVE1): assimilated to CLEFT1]

cleft lip n.  a congenital split in the upper lip 豁嘴(上唇先天性开裂)

cleft palate n.  a congenital split in the roof of the mouth 腭裂(上腭先天性开裂)

cleg /kleɡ/ n. Brit.  a horsefly [英]虻，马蝇 [Old Norse kleggi]

cleistogamic /klaistəˈɡæmik/ adj. Bot. (of a flower) permanently closed and self-fertilizing 【植】(花朵)闭花受精的 [Greek kleistos ‘closed’ + gamos ‘marriage’]

clematis /ˈklemətis, kləˈmeitis/ n.  an erect or climbing plant of the genus Clematis (buttercup family), bearing white, pink, or purple flowers and feathery seeds 铁线莲(毛茛属直立或攀缘植物，开白、粉、紫色花，种子呈羽状) [Latin from Greek klēmatis, from klēma ‘vine branch’]

Clement /ˈklemənt/   克莱门特 [人名]

clement /ˈklem(ə)nt/ adj.  1  mild 温和的  clement weather  风和日丽的天气 2  merciful 仁慈的，宽厚的 □ clemency  n.   [Middle English from Latin clemens -entis]

clementine /ˈklem(ə)ntain/ n.  a small citrus fruit, thought to be a hybrid between a tangerine and sweet orange 克莱门氏小柑橘(为柑橘和甜橙的杂交品种) [French clémentine]

clench /klen(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  close (the teeth or fingers) tightly 咬紧(牙关)；攥紧(拳头) 2  grasp firmly 紧紧抓住，握住 3  = CLINCHv. 4 动词释义 4 ●n.  1  a clenching action 攥紧，咬紧；握住 2  a clenched state (状态)攥紧，咬紧；握住 [Old English from Germanic: related to CLING]

Cleo /ˈkli:əu/   克利奥 [人名]

clepsydra /ˈklepsidrə/ n.  an ancient time-measuring device worked by a flow of water (古代的)滴漏计时器 [Latin from Greek klepsudra, from kleptō ‘steal’ + hudōr ‘water’]

clerestory /ˈkliəstɔ:ri/ n. (US also [美亦] clearstory) (pl. -ies)  1  an upper row of windows in a cathedral or large church, above the level of the aisle roofs (教堂侧廊顶端采光或通风用的)天窗；气窗 2 US  a raised section of the roof of a railway carriage, with windows or ventilators [美] (铁路客车的)天窗 [Middle English from CLEAR + STOREY]

clergy /ˈklɜ:dʒi/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the body of all persons ordained for religious duties in the Christian Churches (基督教会)神职人员，教牧人员 2  a number of such persons (若干个)神职人员，教牧人员  ten clergy were present  有十位牧师在场 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from ecclesiastical Latin clericus CLERIC]

clergyman /ˈklɜ:dʒimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of the clergy, esp. Brit. of the Church of England 神职人员，教牧人员；[尤英] (英国国教会)牧师

clergywoman /ˈklɜ:dʒiwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female member of the clergy 女牧师；神职人员的女眷

cleric /ˈklerik/ n.  a member of the clergy 神职人员，教士，牧师 [(originally adj.): ecclesiastical Latin clericus from Greek klērikos, from klēros ‘lot, heritage’, as in Acts 1:26]

clerical /ˈklerik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the clergy or clergymen 神职人员的，教士的，牧师的 2  of or done by a clerk or clerks 职员的，文书工作的 □ clericalism  n.  教权主义□ clericalist  n.  教权主义者□ clerically  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin clericalis (as CLERIC)]

clerical collar n.  a stiff upright white collar fastening at the back, as worn by the clergy in some Churches 牧师领(钮扣钉在颈后的白色硬立领)

clerical error n.  an error made in copying or writing out (誊写中的)笔误

clerihew /ˈklerihju:/ n.  a short comic or nonsensical verse, usu. in two rhyming couplets with lines of unequal length and referring to a famous person 克莱里休诗体(通常含有两个押韵的幽默对句，诗句长短不等) [named after E. Clerihew Bentley, English writer (d. 1956), its inventor]

clerk /klɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person employed in an office, bank, shop, etc., to keep records, accounts, etc. 办事员，职员，记账员 2  a secretary, agent, or record-keeper of a local council (town clerk), court, etc. (地方政府、法庭等的)秘书，书记员，文书，档案员 3  a lay officer of a church (parish clerk), college chapel, etc. 教堂(或堂区)执事，(教堂的)非神职官员 4  a senior official in Parliament (议会中的)高级职员 5 N. Amer.  an assistant in a shop, hotel, or post office [北美]售货员，店员，接待员 6 archaic  a clergyman [古义]神职人员，牧师 ●v. intr.  work as a clerk 当办事员(职员、书记员、秘书等) □ clerkdom  n.  □ clerkess  n. Sc. [苏格兰]  女职员，女文书，女记账员□ clerkish  adj.  □ clerkly  adj.  □ clerkship  n.   [Old English cleric, clerc & Old French clerc, from ecclesiastical Latin clericus CLERIC]

clerk in holy orders n. formal  a clergyman [正式] (英国国教会中正式任命的)牧师，教士

Clerk of the Closet n. (in the UK) the sovereign's principal chaplain (英国)王室附属教堂主管牧师

clerk of the course n.  the judges' secretary etc. in horse or motor racing (赛马或赛车的)裁判秘书

clerk of the works n. (also 亦作 clerk of works) Brit.  an overseer of building works etc. [英] (建筑工程等的)现场监工员

clever /ˈklevə/ adj. (cleverer, cleverest)  1  a  skilful, talented; quick to understand and learn 聪明的，头脑灵敏的，机灵的b colloq.  sensible, wise [口]明智的，英明的 2  adroit, dextrous 灵巧的，手巧的；熟练的 3 (of the doer or the thing done) ingenious, cunning (人或事)足智多谋的，机敏的；巧妙的 □ cleverly  adv.  □ cleverness  n.   [Middle English, = adroit: perhaps related to CLEAVE2, with the sense ‘apt to seize’]

clever-clever adj.  seeking to appear clever 卖弄小聪明的，聪明过头的

clever clogs n. colloq. [口]  = CLEVER DICK 

clever Dick n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a person who is or purports to be smart or knowing [尤英口] (自称)聪明的人，(自称)无所不知的人

clevis /ˈklevis/ n.  1  a U-shaped piece of metal at the end of a beam for attaching tackle etc. (梁或檩一端的) U 形钩，马蹄钩 2  a connection in which a bolt holds one part that fits between the forked ends of another U 形接头 [16th c.: perhaps related to CLEAVE1]

clew /klu:/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Naut. 【海】  a  a lower or after corner of a sail 帆耳环(连在帆下角的金属环)；帆下角b  a set of small cords suspending a hammock 吊铺绳索 2 archaic [古义]  a  a ball of thread or yarn, esp. with reference to the legend of Theseus and the labyrinth 线团，纱团(尤指神话中引出迷宫的线团)b Brit. [英]  = CLUE  ●v. tr. Naut. 【海】  1 (foll. by 后跟 up)  draw the lower ends of (a sail) to the upper yard or the mast ready for furling 拉动帆耳升(或托)帆 2 (foll. by 后跟 down)  let down (a sail) by the clews in unfurling 放下帆耳降(或收)帆 [Old English cliwen, cleowen]

clianthus /klaiˈænθəs, kli-/ n.  any leguminous plant of the genus Clianthus, native to Australia and New Zealand, bearing drooping clusters of red pealike flowers 耀花豆(豆科植物，产于澳大利亚和新西兰，其花为低垂的红色豌豆花簇) [modern Latin, apparently from Greek klei-, kleos ‘glory’ + anthos ‘flower’]

cliché /ˈkli:ʃei/ n. (also 亦作 cliche)  1  a hackneyed phrase or opinion 陈词滥调，陈腐的思想 2 Brit.  a metal casting of a stereotype or electrotype [英]铅版，电铸版 [French, from clicher ‘to stereotype’]

clichéd /ˈkli:ʃeid/ adj. (also 亦作 cliché'd, cliched)  hackneyed; full of clichés 陈腐的；充满陈词滥调的

click /klik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight sharp sound as of a switch being operated (开启电键时的)咔嗒声，喀嚓声 2  a speech sound in some languages, produced as a type of plosive by sudden withdrawal of the tongue from the soft palate (某些语言中的)吸气音 3  a catch in machinery acting with a slight sharp sound (机器中发出轻微尖声的)棘爪 4  an action causing a horse's hind foot to touch the shoe of a fore foot (使马前后蹄相碰的)动作 ●v.  1  a intr.  make a click 发咔嗒(或喀嚓)声b tr.  cause (one's tongue, heels, etc.) to click 使舌头(鞋后跟等)发出咔嗒声 2 intr. colloq. [口]  a  become clear or understandable 变得明白(或可理解) often prec. by it as subject 常前接 it 作主语 : when I saw them it all clicked  当我看到它们以后，一切都豁然开朗了b  be successful, secure one's object. 成功，达到目的c (foll. by 后跟 with)  become friendly, esp. with a person of the opposite sex (尤指对异性)变得友好d  come to an agreement 达成协议，达成一致 3 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on) Computing  press (one of the buttons on a mouse); select (an item represented on the screen, a particular function, etc.) by so doing 【计算】按动(鼠标)；按动鼠标选取(屏幕上的项目或功能等) □ clicker  n.   [imitative: cf. Dutch klikken, French cliquer]

click beetle n.  a beetle of the family Elateridae, springing up with a click if turned on its back 叩头虫(叩头虫科甲虫)

click-clack n. & v. ●n.  a repeated clicking sound as of shoe heels on a hard surface (鞋跟踩在坚硬地面上发出的)连续咔嗒声 ●v. intr.  make such a sound 发出连续的咔嗒声

client /ˈklaiənt/ n.  1  a person using the services of a lawyer, architect, social worker, or other professional person (雇用律师、建筑师、社会工作者或其他专业人员的)委托人，当事人 2  a customer 顾客，主顾 3 Rom. Hist.  a plebeian under the protection of a patrician [罗马]【史】受贵族保护的平民 4 archaic  a dependant or hanger-on [古义]扈从，侍从 □ clientship  n.   [Middle English from Latin cliens -entis, from cluere ‘hear, obey’]

clientele /kli:ɒnˈtel/ n.  1  clients collectively (总称)委托人 2  customers, esp. of a shop (尤指商店的)顾客，主顾 3  the patrons of a theatre etc. (戏院等的)常客 [Latin clientela ‘clientship’ & French clientèle]

client-server attrib. adj.  designating a computer system in which a central server provides data to a number of networked workstations (计算机系统中的)客户－服务器

Cliff /klif/   克利夫 [人名]

cliff /klif/ n.  a steep rock face, esp. Brit. at the edge of the sea ([尤英]海边的)悬崖，峭壁 □ clifflike  adj.  □ cliffy  adj.   [Old English clif, from Germanic]

cliffhanger /ˈklifhæŋə/ n.  a story etc. with a strong element of suspense; a suspenseful ending to an episode of a serial 扣人心弦的惊险故事；(连载小说或连续剧)以惊险场面结束的每个章节(或每一场戏) □ cliffhanging  adj.  

Clifford /ˈklifəd/   克利福德 [人名]

climacteric /klaiˈmækt(ə)rik, klaimækˈterik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Med.  the period of life when fertility and sexual activity are in decline 【医】更年期，绝经期 2  a supposed critical period in life (esp. occurring at intervals of seven years) (尤指据说每 7 年一次的)人生转折期 ●adj.  1 Med.  occurring at the climacteric 【医】更年期的，绝经期的 2  constituting a crisis; critical 紧要关头的，关键性的 [French climatérique or Latin climactericus from Greek klimaktērikos, from klimaktēr ‘critical period’, from klimax -akos ‘ladder, climax’]

climactic /klaiˈmæktik/ adj.  of or forming a climax 高潮的；形成高潮的 □ climactically  adv.   [CLIMAX + -IC, perhaps influenced by SYNTACTIC or CLIMACTERIC]

climate /ˈklaimət/ n.  1  the prevailing weather conditions of an area 气候 2  a region with particular weather conditions (具有特殊天气情况的)气候区 3  the prevailing trend of opinion or public feeling 风气；潮流；思潮； □ climatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ climatical  /-ˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ climatically  /-ˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French climat or Late Latin clima climat- from Greek klima, from klinō ‘slope, zone’]

climatology /klaiməˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of climate 气候学 □ climatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ climatologist  n.  

climax /ˈklaimæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the event or point of greatest intensity or interest; a culmination or apex 最令人紧张(或感兴趣)的事件(或时刻)；高潮；顶点 2  a sexual orgasm 性高潮 3 Rhet. 【修】  a  a series arranged in order of increasing importance etc. 层进法(一种修辞方法)b  the last term in such a series 层进最高格 4 Ecol.  a state of equilibrium reached by a plant community 【生态】(植物的)生态平衡 ●v. tr. & intr. colloq.  bring or come to a climax [口]达到顶点；达到高潮 [Late Latin from Greek klimax -akos ‘ladder, climax’]

climb /klaim/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  ascend, mount, go or come up, esp. by using one's hands 爬上，攀爬，攀登 2 intr. (of a plant) grow up a wall, tree, trellis, etc. by clinging with tendrils or by twining (植物)依附墙(树、棚架等)攀缘向上 3 intr.  move along by grasping or clinging; go with effort; clamber 爬行，费劲地爬；攀爬  climbed across the ditch  爬过沟渠 climbed into bed  爬上床去 4 intr.  make progress in social rank, intellectual or moral strength, etc. (在社会等级方面)往上爬；(智力或道德等)逐渐增长 5 intr. (of an aircraft, the sun, etc.) go upwards (飞机、太阳等)爬高，爬升 6 intr.  slope upwards 斜着上升 ●n.  1  an ascent by climbing 攀登，往上爬 2  a  a place, esp. a hill, climbed or to be climbed (要)攀登的地方(尤指要攀登的山峰)b  a recognized route up a mountain etc. 登山路线 □ climb down   1  descend with the help of one's hands (手脚并用)往下爬，爬下 2  withdraw from a position taken up in argument, negotiation, etc. 放弃原来(在辩论、谈判等中)坚持过的立场；屈服，退让□ climb into   put on (clothes) 穿上(衣服)□ climbable  adj.   [Old English climban from West Germanic, related to CLEAVE2]

climbdown /ˈklaimdaʊn/ n.  a withdrawal from a position taken up in argument, negotiation, etc. 放弃原来(在辩论、谈判等中)坚持过的立场；屈服，退让

climber /ˈklaimə/ n.  1  a mountaineer 登山者 2  a climbing plant 攀缘植物 3  a person with strong social etc. aspirations (在社会地位等方面)有抱负的人，有野心的人

climbing frame n. Brit.  a structure of joined bars etc. for children to climb on [英] (用木棒等搭建供儿童玩的)攀缘架

climbing iron n.  a set of spikes attachable to a boot for climbing trees or ice slopes (架线工使用的)上杆脚扣；(登山者用的)铁钉助爬器

climbing perch n.  a S. Asian freshwater fish, Anabas testudinens, able to breathe air and move over land Also called 亦称作 anabas 攀鲈(产于南亚地区的一种淡水鱼，能够呼吸空气并在陆地上爬行)

clime /klaim/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  a region 地区，地带 2  a climate 气候 [Late Latin clima: see CLIMATE]

clinch /klin(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  confirm or settle (an argument, bargain, etc.) conclusively 最终解决(争端)，谈妥(生意) 2 intr. Boxing & Wrestling (of participants) become too closely engaged 【拳击】【摔跤】扭抱在一起 3 intr. colloq.  embrace [口]拥抱，紧抱 4 tr.  secure (a nail or rivet) by driving the point sideways when through (用敲弯钉尖的方法)把钉子钉牢 5 tr. Naut.  fasten (a rope) with a particular half hitch 【海】用半结系牢(绳索) ●n.  1  a  a clinching action 敲弯钉尖的动作b  a clinched state 敲弯钉尖的状态 2 colloq.  an (esp. amorous) embrace [口] (尤指表示爱情的)拥抱 3 Boxing & Wrestling  an action or state in which participants become too closely engaged 【拳击】【摔跤】扭抱的动作(或状态) [16th-c. variant of CLENCH]

clincher /ˈklin(t)ʃə/ n. colloq.  a remark or argument that settles a matter conclusively [口]起决定作用的论点(或评论)

clincher-built var.  of CLINKER-BUILT  CLINKER-BUILT 的变体

cline /klain/ n.  1 Biol.  a graded sequence of differences within a species etc. 【生】渐变群，生态群 2  a continuum with an infinite number of gradations 无限演化的连续体 □ clinal  adj.   [Greek klinō ‘to slope’]

cling /kliŋ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past and past part. clung /klʌŋ/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  adhere, stick, or hold on (by means of stickiness, suction, grasping, or embracing) 粘着，缠着，依附 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  remain persistently or stubbornly faithful (to a friend, habit, idea, etc.) (对朋友、习惯、观点等)忠实；坚持，墨守，执著 3  maintain one's grasp; keep hold; resist separation 紧紧抓住；萦绕不散 ●n.  = CLINGSTONE  □ cling together   remain in one body or in contact 粘在一起；保持接触□ clinger  n.  □ clingingly  adv.   [Old English clingan from Germanic, related to CLENCH]

cling film n. Brit.  a very thin clinging transparent plastic film, used as a covering esp. for food [英]保鲜膜(尤指包裹食品用的透明塑料薄膜)

clingstone /ˈkliŋstəʊn/ n.  a variety of peach or nectarine in which the flesh adheres to the stone (cf. 参见 FREESTONE 2) 粘核桃；粘核

clingy /ˈkliŋi/ adj. (clingier, clingiest)  liable to cling 易于粘住的；依附的 □ clinginess  n.  

clinic /ˈklinik/ n.  1  a private or specialized hospital 私人诊所；专科医院 2  a place or occasion for giving specialist medical treatment or advice 门诊部；门诊治疗  eye clinic  眼科门诊 fertility clinic  生育能力检查 3  a gathering at a hospital bedside for the teaching of medicine or surgery 临床讲解；临床教学 4 N. Amer.  a conference or short course on a particular subject [北美]讲席班，培训班  golf clinic  高尔夫球讲席班 □ clinician  /kliˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French clinique from Greek klinikē (tekhnē) ‘clinical’, literally ‘bedside (art)’]

clinical /ˈklinik(ə)l/ adj.  1 Med. 【医】  a  of or for the treatment of patients 临床的，临床治疗的b  taught or learnt at the hospital bedside 临床教学的 2  dispassionate, coldly detached 超然的，冷静客观的 3 (of a room, building, etc.) bare, functional (房间、建筑物等)简朴的，朴素的 □ clinically  adv.   [Latin clinicus from Greek klinikos, from klinē ‘bed’]

clinical death n.  death judged by observation of a person's condition 临床死亡(根据对病情的观察做出的判断)

clinical medicine n.  medicine dealing with the observation and treatment of patients (关于对病人的观察与治疗的)临床医学

clinical thermometer n.  a thermometer with a small range, for taking a person's temperature 体温计，体温表

clink1 /kliŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a sharp ringing sound 叮当声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clink 发出叮当声 2 tr.  cause (glasses etc.) to clink 使(玻璃杯等)叮当作响 [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch klinken; cf. CLANG, CLANK]

clink2 /kliŋk/ n. (often prec. by 常前接 in) slang  prison [俚语]监狱，牢房 [16th c.: origin unknown]

clinker1 /ˈkliŋkə/ n.  1  a mass of slag or lava 熔岩；火山渣 2  a stony residue from burnt coal 炉渣 [earlier clincard etc. from obsolete Dutch klinkaerd, from klinken CLINK1]

clinker2 /ˈkliŋkə/ n.  1 Brit. slang  something excellent or outstanding [英] [俚语]头等货，极好的东西 2 N. Amer. colloq.  a mistake or blunder [北美口]失误，大错 [CLINK1 + -ER1]

clinker-built /kliŋkəˈbilt/ adj. (also 亦作 clincher-built /klin(t)ʃəˈbilt/) (of a boat) having external planks overlapping downwards and secured with clinched copper nails (cf. 参见 CARVEL-BUILT) (船只)瓦叠式外壳的，鱼鳞式外壳的 [clink, northern English variant of CLINCH + -ER1]

clinkstone /ˈkliŋkstəʊn/ n.  a kind of feldspar that rings like iron when struck 响岩(一种撞击时会发出铁一般响声的长石)

clinometer /klaiˈnɒmitə, kli-/ n. Surveying  an instrument for measuring slopes 【测量学】倾角计，倾斜计 [Greek klinō ‘to slope’ + -METER]

Clint /klint/   克林特 [人名]

clint /klint/ n. Geol.  a block forming part of a natural limestone pavement Cf. 参见 GRIKE 【地质】燧石岩，石崖 [Danish and Swedish klint]

Clio /ˈkli:əu/   克利奥 [人名]

cliometrics /klaiəˈmetriks/ n.  a method of historical research making much use of statistical information and methods 计量历史学(一种用统计资料和统计方法来研究历史的方法) [Clio, the name of the Muse of history + METRIC + -ICS]

clip1 /klip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for holding things together or for attachment to an object as a marker, esp. a paper clip or a device worked by a spring 别针(尤指曲别针)；(弹簧)夹子 2  a piece of jewellery fastened by a clip 饰物别针 3  a set of attached cartridges for a firearm (枪枝的)子弹夹；一梭子弹 ●v. tr. (clipped, clipping)  1  fix with a clip 用夹子夹住；用别针别住 2  grip tightly 紧握，抓牢 3  surround closely 缠绕；环绕 [Old English clyppan ‘embrace’, from West Germanic]

clip2 /klip/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (clipped, clipping)  1  cut with shears or scissors, esp. cut short or trim (hair, wool, etc.) 用剪刀剪(尤指修剪、剪短头发、羊毛等) 2  trim or remove the hair or wool of (a person or animal) 给(人)剪发；给(动物)剪毛 3 colloq.  hit smartly [口] (利索漂亮地)击打 4  a  curtail, diminish, cut short 削减；缩减；截短b  omit (a letter etc.) from a word; omit letters or syllables of (words pronounced) (在发音或拼写方面)省略，缩略 5 Brit.  remove a small piece of (a ticket) to show that it has been used [英]在(车票上)剪洞，轧(票) 6  cut (an extract) from a newspaper etc. 剪下(报纸上的文章等) 7 slang  swindle, rob [俚语]诈骗，敲竹杠 8  pare the edge of (a coin) 毁坏(硬币的)边缘 ●n.  1  an act of clipping, esp. shearing or hair-cutting 剪，修剪(尤指剪发、剪毛) 2 colloq.  a smart blow, esp. with the hand [口] (尤指用手)利索漂亮的一击 3  a short sequence from a motion picture (电影的)片段 4  the quantity of wool clipped from a sheep, flock, etc. 一头(或群等)羊的产毛量 5 colloq.  speed, esp. rapid [口]速度(尤指高速) □ clip a person's wings   prevent a person from pursuing ambitions or acting effectively 扼杀某人的雄心；限制某人的权力□ clippable  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse klippa, probably imitative]

clipboard /ˈklipbɔ:d/ n.  a small board with a spring clip for holding papers etc. and providing support for writing 带夹子的写字板，写字夹板

clip-clop /ˈklipklɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  a sound such as the beat of a horse's hoofs 得得声(如马蹄在路面上发出的声响) ●v. intr. (-clopped, -clopping)  make such a sound 发出得得声 [imitative]

clip joint n. slang  a nightclub etc. charging exorbitant prices [俚语]收费高昂的夜总会

clip-on adj.  attached by a clip 用夹子夹住的，用别针别住的

clipper /ˈklipə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of various instruments for clipping hair, fingernails, hedges, etc. 羊毛剪；指甲钳；(修剪树篱的)大剪刀 2  a fast sailing ship, esp. one with raking bows and masts (尤指带倾斜船头和桅杆的)快速帆船 3  a fast horse 快马

clippie /ˈklipi/ n. Brit. colloq.  a bus conductress [英口] (公共汽车)女售票员

clipping /ˈklipiŋ/ n.  a piece clipped or cut from something, esp. from a newspaper, hedge, etc. (从报纸等上)剪下的资料；(从树篱上)剪下的枝条

clique /kli:k/ n.  a small exclusive group of people 派系，小集团 □ cliquey  adj. (cliquier, cliquiest)  □ cliquish  adj.  □ cliquishness  n.   [French, from cliquer CLICK]

C.Lit. abbr. (in the UK) Companion of Literature [缩略] (英国)文学勋位

clitic /ˈklitik/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  an enclitic or proclitic 附着语素(指重读词后的非重读词或连接发音词) □ cliticization  /-tikaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

clitoridectomy /klit(ə)riˈdektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  removal of the clitoris 阴蒂切除

clitoris /ˈklit(ə)ris/ n.  a small erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva 阴蒂，阴核 □ clitoral  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kleitoris]

Clive /klaiv/   克莱夫 [人名]

clivers var.  of CLEAVERS  CLEAVERS 的变体

Cllr. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Councillor 

cloaca /kləʊˈeikə/ n. (pl. cloacae /-si:, -ki:/)  1  the genital and excretory cavity at the end of the intestinal canal in birds, reptiles, etc. (鸟类、爬行动物的)泄殖腔 2  a sewer 阴沟，下水道 □ cloacal  adj.   [Latin, = sewer]

cloak /kləʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outdoor overgarment, usu. sleeveless, hanging loosely from the shoulders 斗篷，披风 2  a covering 遮盖物，覆盖物  cloak of snow  一层覆盖的积雪 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. [英]  = CLOAKROOM 2  ●v. tr.  1  cover with a cloak 披上斗篷；用斗篷覆盖 2  conceal, disguise 掩盖；伪装 □ under the cloak of   using as a pretext 以…为借口(托辞) [Middle English from Old French cloke, dialect variant of cloche ‘bell, cloak’ (from its bell shape) from medieval Latin clocca ‘bell’: see CLOCK1]

cloak-and-dagger adj.  involving intrigue and espionage 涉及阴谋和间谍活动的

cloakroom /ˈkləʊkru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a room where outdoor clothes or luggage may be left by visitors, clients, etc. 衣帽间；行李寄存处 2 Brit. euphem.  a lavatory [英婉]厕所

clobber1 /ˈklɒbə/ n. Brit. slang  clothing or personal belongings [英] [俚语]衣服；行装 [19th c.: origin unknown]

clobber2 /ˈklɒbə/ v. tr. slang [俚语]  1  hit repeatedly; beat up 连续重击，狠揍 2  defeat 击败，挫败 3  criticize severely 严厉批评；抨击 [20th c.: origin unknown]

cloche /klɒʃ, kləʊʃ/ n.  1  a small translucent cover for protecting or forcing outdoor plants (保护室外植物或加速其生长的)玻璃罩，塑料罩 2 (in full 全称 cloche hat)  a woman's close-fitting bell-shaped hat (紧套在头上的)钟形女帽 [French, = bell, from medieval Latin clocca: see CLOCK1]

clock1 /klɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an instrument for measuring time, driven mechanically or electrically and indicating hours, minutes, etc., by hands on a dial or by displayed figures (机械或电子的)钟，时钟 2  a  any measuring device resembling a clock 钟式计量仪表b colloq.  a speedometer, taximeter, or stopwatch [口]跑表，秒表；(出租汽车)计费器，里程表 3  time taken as an element in competitive sports etc. (速度比赛的体育项目用秒表)计时  ran against the clock  争分夺秒 4 Brit. slang  a person's face [英] [俚语]面部，脸 5 Brit.  a downy seed-head, esp. that of a dandelion [英] (尤指蒲公英的)茸毛头 ●v. tr.  1 colloq. [口]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  attain or register (a stated time, distance, or speed, esp. in a race) (赛跑时)达到…速度(距离、时间等)纪录b  time(a race)with a stopwatch (赛跑)用秒表计时 2 slang  hit, esp. on the head [俚语]打，击打(尤指头部) 3 slang [俚语]  a  see or spot (a person or thing) 看见(人或事物)；认出(人或事物)b  watch, stare at 观看；注视 □ clock in (or on)   register one's arrival at work, esp. by means of an automatic recording clock (尤指用自动记时钟)记录上班时间□ clock off (or out)   register one's departure similarly (用自动记时钟)记录下班时间□ round the clock   all day and (usu.) night 连续一昼夜，日夜不停地□ watch the clock   = CLOCK-WATCH  [Middle English via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German klocke from medieval Latin clocca ‘bell’, perhaps from Celtic]

clock2 /klɒk/ n.  an ornamental pattern on the side of a stocking or sock near the ankle (袜筒上的)织绣花边 [16th c.: origin unknown]

clock golf n.  a game in which a golf ball is putted into a hole from successive points in a circle 钟面式高尔夫球(圆形球场中心只有一个穴，周围有 12 个球座，游戏时顺序从球座击球入穴)

clockmaker /ˈklɒkmeikə/ n.  a person who makes and repairs clocks and watches 钟表制造者，钟表修理者，钟表匠 □ clockmaking  n.  

clock radio n.  a combined radio and alarm clock 闹钟收音机

clock tower n.  a tower, esp. forming part of a church or civic building, displaying a large clock 钟楼(尤指教堂或都市建筑上面有大钟的部分)

clock-watch v. intr.  work over-anxiously to time, esp. so as not to exceed minimum working hours (尤指为了不超过最低工作时间而)盯着钟表等候下班 □ clock-watcher  n.  □ clock-watching  n.  

clockwise /ˈklɒkwaiz/ adj. & adv.  in a curve corresponding in direction to the movement of the hands of a clock 顺时针方向的(地)

clockwork /ˈklɒkwɜ:k/ n.  1  a mechanism like that of a mechanical clock, with a spring and gears (有发条和齿轮的)钟表机械装置 2 (作 attrib.)  a  driven by clockwork 用钟表装置驱动的b  regular, mechanical 有规律的；机械的 □ like clockwork   smoothly, regularly, automatically 顺利地；有规律地；自动地

clod /klɒd/ n.  1  a lump of earth, clay, etc. 土块，泥块 2 colloq.  a silly or foolish person [口]笨蛋，呆子 3  meat cut from the neck of an ox 牛颈肉 [Middle English: variant of CLOT]

cloddish /ˈklɒdiʃ/ adj.  loutish, foolish, clumsy 土里土气的；呆笨的，笨拙的 □ cloddishly  adv.  □ cloddishness  n.  

clodhopper /ˈklɒdhɒpə/ n. colloq. [口]  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a large heavy shoe 笨重的鞋子 2  = CLOD 2 

clodhopping /ˈklɒdhɒpiŋ/ adj. colloq. [口]  = CLODDISH 

clodpoll /ˈklɒdpɒl/ n. slang [俚语]  = CLOD 2 

clog /klɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shoe with a thick wooden sole 木屐(用厚木板作底的鞋) 2 archaic  an encumbrance or impediment [古义]障碍；障碍物 3  a block of wood to impede an animal's movement 脚坠；颈坠(绑在动物腿或颈上以阻碍其行动的重物) ●v. (clogged, clogging)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a tr.  obstruct, esp. by accumulation of glutinous matter 塞满，阻塞，堵塞(尤指由黏稠物的积累所致)b intr.  become obstructed 被塞满，被阻塞 2 tr.  impede, hamper 阻碍，妨碍 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  fill with glutinous or choking matter 积满黏稠物，凝成一块 [Middle English: origin unknown]

clog dance n.  a dance performed in clogs 木屐舞

cloggy /ˈklɒɡi/ adj. (cloggier, cloggiest)  1  lumpy, knotty 多块的，多节疤的 2  sticky 黏稠的，易凝结的

cloisonné /ˈklwɑ:zɒnei, -ˈzɒnei/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an enamel finish produced by forming areas of different colours separated by strips of wire placed edgeways on a metal backing (嵌丝式)景泰蓝 2  this process 景泰蓝制作方法 ●adj. (of enamel) made by this process 用景泰蓝制作方法上釉的 [French, from cloison ‘compartment’]

cloister /ˈklɔistə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covered walk, often with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other, esp. in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral (尤指修道院、学院或大教堂的)回廊，走廊 2  monastic life or seclusion 修道院的生活；隐居 3  a convent or monastery 修道院 ●v. tr.  seclude or shut up, usu. in a convent or monastery 隐居，与世隔绝(通常指隐居于修道院中) □ cloistral  adj.   [Middle English via Old French cloistre from Latin claustrum, clostrum ‘lock, enclosed place’, from claudere claus- CLOSE2]

cloistered /ˈklɔistəd/ adj.  1  secluded, sheltered 隐居的，与世隔绝的 2  monastic 修道院的

clomp /klɒmp/ var.  of CLUMP  v. 2 CLUMP v. 2 的变体

clone /kləʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a group of cells or organisms produced asexually from one stock or ancestor 无性繁殖系，纯系，克隆b  one such cell or organism 无性繁殖的细胞(或生物) 2  a person or thing regarded as identical with another 一模一样的人(或物)；复制品，翻版 ●v. tr.  propagate as a clone (使)无性繁殖，克隆 □ clonal  adj.   [Greek klōn ‘twig, slip’]

clonk /klɒŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  an abrupt heavy sound of impact 噔的一声 ●v.  1 intr.  make such a sound 发出噔的一声 2 tr. colloq.  hit [口]噔一声击中 [imitative]

clonus /ˈkləʊnəs/ n. Physiol.  a spasm with alternate muscular contractions and relaxations 【生理】阵挛 □ clonic  adj.   [Greek klonos ‘turmoil’]

clop /klɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  the sound made by a horse's hoofs (马蹄发出的)得得声 ●v. intr. (clopped, clopping)  make this sound 发得得声 [imitative]

cloqué /ˈkləʊkei, 法 klɔke/ n.  a fabric with an irregularly raised surface 泡泡点纹织物；轧花织物 [French, = blistered]

close1 /kləʊs/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  situated at only a short distance or interval 近的，靠近的 2  a  having a strong or immediate relation or connection 关系近的，密切的  close friend  密友 close relative  近亲b  in intimate friendship or association 亲密的，亲近的  were very close  非常亲密c  corresponding almost exactly 近乎相等的  close resemblance  酷似之处d  fitting tightly 紧的  close cap  尺寸紧的帽子e (of hair etc.) short, near the surface (头发等)短的，贴近头皮的 3  in or almost in contact 接触到的；几乎接触到的  close combat  肉搏战 close proximity  非常接近 4  dense, compact, with no or only slight intervals 紧密的；密集的，稠密的  close texture  紧密的织物 close writing  密密麻麻的书写 close formation  密集的队形 close thicket  茂密的灌木丛 5  in which competitors are almost equal 势均力敌的，旗鼓相当的  close contest  旗鼓相当的竞赛 close election  势均力敌的选举 6  leaving no gaps or weaknesses, rigorous 严密的，周密的，缜密的  close reasoning  缜密的推理 7  concentrated, searching 精力集中的，彻底的  close examination  彻底的检查 close attention  密切关注 8 (of air etc.) stuffy or humid (空气等)闷热的；潮湿的 9  closed, shut 关闭的，封闭的 10  limited or restricted to certain persons etc. 有限制的，仅限于(某些人等)的  close corporation  封闭式公司 close scholarship  限制性奖学金 11  a  hidden, secret, covered 隐藏的，秘密的b  secretive 遮遮掩掩的；守口如瓶的 12 (of a danger etc.) directly threatening, narrowly avoided (危险等)有直接威胁的；险些…的  that was close  差点儿(酿成大祸) 13  niggardly 小气的，吝啬的 14 (of a vowel) produced with a relatively narrow opening of the mouth and with the tongue close to the palate (元音)闭音的(开口程度小，舌尖接近上腭的) 15  narrow, confined, contracted 狭窄的，空间有限的 16  under prohibition 禁止的 ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 by, to)  at only a short distance or interval 近，靠近地  they live close by  他们就住在附近 close to the church  离教堂很近 2  closely, in a close manner 紧紧地  shut close  关紧 ●n.  1  an enclosed space 圈起的场地 2 Brit.  a street closed at one end [英]一头不通的街道；死胡同 3 Brit.  the precinct of a cathedral [英] (大教堂)周围的场地，院子 4 Brit.  a school playing field or playground [英] (学校的)运动场 5 Sc.  an entry from the street to a common stairway or to a court at the back [苏格兰] (院子、主楼梯的)入口，通道 □ close on (or upon)  Brit.  nearly, very near to [英]将近，接近于  it took close on three hours  用了将近 3 个小时□ close to the wind   see 见 WIND1 □ go close  (of a racehorse) win or almost win (赛马)赢；差一点儿赢了□ closely  adv.  □ closeness  n.  □ closish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French clos from Latin clausum ‘enclosure’ & clausus, past part. of claudere ‘shut’]

close2 /kləʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  shut (a lid, box, door, room, house, etc.) 关，闭，盖；封闭b intr.  be shut 关着，盖着  the door closed slowly  门慢慢地关上了c tr.  block up 堵塞，堵住 2  a tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end (使)结束，(使)终止b intr.  finish speaking 结束(演讲)  closed with an expression of thanks  以感谢的话结束演讲c tr.  settle (a bargain etc.) 谈妥，商定(交易等) 3  a intr.  end the day's business 停止营业；收盘b tr.  end the day's business at (a shop, office, etc.) 打烊，关门(停止营业) 4 tr. & intr.  bring or come closer or into contact (使)靠拢；(使)联合；(使)愈合  close ranks  使队形密集；紧密团结 5 tr.  make (an electric circuit etc.) continuous 闭合，关闭(电路等) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  express agreement (with an offer, terms, or the person offering them) 达成协议；表示同意 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  come within striking distance; grapple (殴斗前)靠拢；扭打，搏斗 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on) (of a hand, box, etc.) grasp or entrap (指手或拳击的一击)抓住；包围，围拢 ●n.  1  a conclusion, an end 结束，终止 2 Mus.  a cadence 【音】终止式，终止 □ close down   1  discontinue (or cause to discontinue) business, esp. permanently (商店等)关闭，歇业(尤指倒闭) 2 Brit. (of a broadcasting station) end transmission, esp. until the next day [英] (电台)停止播音□ close one's eyes   1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  pay no attention 不理会，视而不见 2  die 死亡□ close in   1  enclose 包围，围住 2  come nearer 靠近，逼近 3 (of days) get successively shorter with the approach of the winter solstice (白昼随着冬至的到来而)逐渐变短□ close out  N. Amer.  discontinue, terminate, dispose of (a business) [北美]停止，结束；歇业，卖掉(企业等)□ close up   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  move closer 靠拢，靠紧 2  shut, esp. temporarily (尤指暂时)关闭 3  block up 堵住，堵塞 4 (of an aperture) grow smaller (隙缝)缩小，变小 5  coalesce 愈合□ closable  adj.  □ closer  n.   [Middle English via Old French clos- stem of clore from Latin claudere ‘shut’]

close-coupled adj.  1  attached or fixed close together 连接的；靠近安装的 2 (of a lavatory unit) with the cistern and pan directly connected (厕所便器)水箱和马桶一体并联的

close-cropped adj. (esp. of hair or grass) cut very short (尤指头发或草坪)剪得很短的

closed /kləʊzd/ adj.  1  not giving access; shut 关闭的，封闭的 2 (of a shop etc.) having ceased business temporarily (商店等)暂时停业的 3 (of a society, system, etc.) self-contained; not communicating with others (社会、体制等)自给自足的；闭关自守的 4 (of a sport etc.) restricted to specified competitors etc. (体育运动等)仅限于特定选手参加的

closed book n.  a subject about which one is ignorant 不知道的事，不理解的事

closed-circuit attrib. adj. (of television) transmitted by wires to a restricted set of receivers (电视)闭路的

closed-end adj.  having a predetermined extent (cf. 参见 OPEN-ENDED) 预定范围的；有限制的

closed-in adj.  1  enclosed 包围的，封锁的 2  lacking in space; restricted 范围狭小的；受限制的，有限的

close-down n.  1  an act of closing down (a business etc.); a cessation of work or use 关闭，歇业；停止工作(或使用) 2 Brit.  the end of transmission of broadcasting until the next day [英] (电台、电视台等)停止播音

closed season N. Amer. var.  of CLOSE SEASON [北美] CLOSE SEASON 的变体

closed shop n.  1  a place of work etc. where all employees must belong to an agreed trade union (只雇佣工会会员的)商店(或工厂) 2  this system 只雇佣工会会员的制度

closed syllable n.  a syllable ending in a consonant 闭音节

close-fisted adj.  niggardly 吝啬的，小气的，一毛不拔的

close-fitting adj. (of a garment) fitting close to the body (衣服)紧身的

close-grained adj.  without gaps between fibres etc. (木材等)纹理细密的

close harmony n.  harmony in which the notes of the chord are close together, esp. in vocal music (尤指声乐的)密集合声

close-hauled adj. (of a ship) with the sails hauled aft to sail close to the wind (轮船)迎风航行的

close-in attrib. adj.  1  close-range 紧靠…的；近程的 2  close to the centre 靠近中心的，附近的

close-knit adj.  tightly bound or interlocked; closely united in friendship 紧密结合在一起的；关系密切的

close-mouthed adj.  reticent 沉默寡言的；缄默的

close quarters n. pl. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 at or from close quarters)  a very short distance 近距离 □ close-quarter  attrib. adj.  近距离的，近处的  a close-quarter glimpse  近距离的一瞥

close-range attrib. adj.  1  at or from a short distance 在近处；从附近 2 (of a weapon) designed to be fired over a short distance (武器)近程的

close-run attrib. adj. (of a race, election, etc.) closely contested; almost even in outcome (比赛、选等)不相上下的，旗鼓相当的

close season n. (N. Amer. [北美] closed season)  the season when something, esp. the killing of game etc., is illegal 禁猎(或禁渔)季节

close-set adj.  set close together; separated only by a small interval or intervals 排列紧密的；位置靠近的

close shave n. colloq.  a narrow escape [口]侥幸脱险，死里逃生

closet /ˈklɒzit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small or private room 小房间，私室 2  a cupboard or recess 碗橱，壁橱 3 Brit. [英]  = WATER CLOSET  4 (作 attrib.)  secret, covert 秘密的，隐蔽的，私下的  closet homosexual  未公开的同性恋者 ●v. tr. (closeted, closeting)  shut away, esp. in private conference or study (尤指私人会晤或研究时)把…关在小房间里 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of clos: see CLOSE1]

closet play n. (also 亦作 closet drama)  a play to be read rather than acted 案头剧本，书斋剧本(指仅供阅读不适合演出的戏剧)

close-up n. & adj. ●n.  1  a photograph etc. taken at close range and showing the subject on a large scale (照片、电影等的)特写镜头 2  an intimate description 详细的描写 ●attrib. adj.  at close range 近距离的

closing time n.  the time at which a public house, shop, etc., ends business (酒店、商店等的)打烊时间，停止营业时间

clostridial /klɒˈstridiəl/ adj.  of, relating to, or caused by rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Clostridium, many which cause disease (e.g. tetanus, botulism) (关于)梭状芽孢杆菌的；由梭状芽孢杆菌引起的(如破伤风、肉毒中毒) [modern Latin genus name Clostridium, from Greek klōstēr ‘spindle’]

closure /ˈkləʊʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or process of closing 关闭，闭合动作(或过程) 2  a closed condition 关闭，闭合(状态) 3  something that closes or seals, e.g. a cap or tie 闭合物，可闭合的东西(如帽子、领带等) 4 esp. Brit.  a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote, esp. in a legislative assembly [尤英] (尤指下院)终止辩论提付表决 ●v. tr.  apply the closure to (a motion, speakers, etc.) in a legislative assembly (下院)终止(动议、议长发言等) [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin clausura, from claudere claus- CLOSE2]

clot /klɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thick mass of coagulated liquid, esp. of blood (尤指血液的)凝块b  a mass of material stuck together (物质粘在一起的)块，团 2 Brit. colloq.  a silly or foolish person [英口]傻瓜，呆子，笨蛋 ●v. tr. & intr. (clotted, clotting)  form into clots 凝结成块 [Old English clot(t) from West Germanic: probably related to CLEAT]

cloth /klɒθ/ n. (pl. cloths /klɒθz, klɒðz/)  1  woven or felted material 布，织物，布料 2  a piece of this 一块布料 3  a piece of cloth for a particular purpose; a tablecloth, dishcloth, etc. (有特殊用途的)布块，桌布，揩布 4  woollen woven fabric as used for clothes 毛料，衣料 5  a  profession or status, esp. of the clergy, as shown by clothes (由服装来表示的)职业(尤指教士职业)  respect due to his cloth  因他的职业而受尊敬b (prec. by 前接 the)  the clergy (总称)教士 [Old English clɑˉth, of unknown origin]

cloth-cap adj. Brit.  relating to or associated with the working class [英]戴布帽子的，劳工阶级的

clothe /kləʊð/ v. tr. (past and past part. clothed or archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语] clad /klæd/)  1  put clothes on; provide with clothes (see also 亦见 CLAD1) 给…穿衣，为…提供衣服 2  cover as with clothes or a cloth (似穿衣般)覆盖；披上 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  endue (with qualities etc.) 赋予(特性、才能等) [Old English: related to CLOTH]

cloth-eared adj. Brit. colloq.  somewhat deaf or insensitive to sound [英口]有点耳聋的，听觉不灵的

clothes /kləʊ(ð)z/ n. pl.  1  garments worn to cover the body and limbs 衣服，服装 2  bedclothes 床上用品 [Old English clɑˉthas pl. of clɑˉth CLOTH]

clothes horse n.  1  a frame for airing washed clothes 晾衣架 2 colloq.  an affectedly fashionable person [口]讲究穿着者，追求时髦服饰者

clothes line n.  a rope or wire etc. on which washed clothes are hung to dry 晾衣绳

clothes-moth  see 见 MOTH 2 

clothes-peg n. Brit.  a clip or forked device for securing clothes to a clothes line [英] (晾衣用的)衣夹

clothes-pin n. N. Amer.  a clothes-peg [北美] (晾衣用的)衣夹

clothier /ˈkləʊðiə/ n.  a seller of men's clothes 男式服装销售商 [Middle English clother from CLOTH]

clothing /ˈkləʊðiŋ/ n.  clothes collectively (总称)衣服，衣着

cloth of gold n. (also 亦作 cloth of silver)  tissue of gold (or silver) threads interwoven with silk or wool (织有金(或银)线的)丝绸布料，毛料

clotted cream n. esp. Brit.  thick cream obtained by slow scalding [尤英] (牛奶用文火加热而成的)浓缩奶油

cloture /ˈkləʊtjʊə/ n. & v. US [美] ●n.  = CLOSUREn. 4  ●v. tr.  = CLOSUREv.  [French clôture from Old French CLOSURE]

clou /klu:, 法 klu/ n.  1  the point of greatest interest; the chief attraction 兴趣的中心，最迷人之处 2  the central idea 中心思想 [French, = nail]

cloud /klaʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere high above the general level of the ground 云，云雾 2  a mass of smoke or dust 烟雾，烟尘 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a great number of insects, birds, etc., moving together (密集飞行的昆虫、鸟等)一大群 4  a  a state of gloom, trouble, or suspicion 忧郁(或烦恼)状态；疑团b  a frowning or depressed look 皱眉，沮丧的表情  a cloud on his brow  眉头紧皱 5  a local dimness or a vague patch of colour in or on a liquid or a transparent body (液体或透明物体的)混浊团 6  an unsubstantial or fleeting thing 虚幻的事物；一闪而过的事物 7  obscurity 黑暗，昏暗 ●v.  1 tr.  cover or darken with clouds or gloom or trouble 用(云、忧愁、麻烦等)覆盖，遮蔽；使忧郁，使烦恼 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over, up)  become overcast or gloomy 阴云密布，变阴沉 3 tr.  make unclear 使模糊，使昏暗 4 tr.  variegate with vague patches of colour 使…有污斑，使混浊 □ in the clouds   1  unreal, imaginary, mystical 虚无缥缈的；幻想的；神秘的 2 (of a person) abstracted, inattentive (指人)心不在焉的□ on cloud nine (or archaic [古义] seven)  colloq.  extremely happy [口]极为幸福，飘飘然□ under a cloud   out of favour, discredited, under suspicion 失宠；名誉扫地；受怀疑□ with one's head in the clouds   daydreaming, unrealistic 做白日梦的，不切实际的□ cloudless  adj.  □ cloudlessly  adv.  □ cloudlet  n.   [Old English clūd ‘mass of rock or earth’, probably related to CLOD]

cloud base n.  the mass of cloud that is lowest in altitude 云底(指高度最低的云层)

cloudberry /ˈklaʊdberi, -b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small mountain bramble, Rubus chamaemorus, with a white flower and an orange-coloured fruit 云莓，野黄莓(一种生长在山里的悬钩子属黑刺莓丛，开白色花，结橘红色莓果)

cloudburst /ˈklaʊdbɜ:st/ n.  a sudden violent rainstorm 大暴雨，骤雨

cloud-castle n. Brit.  a daydream [英]白日梦，空中楼阁

cloud chamber n.  a device containing vapour for tracking the paths of charged particles, X-rays, and gamma rays 云室(一种含饱和水蒸气的辐射探测器，用于探测充电粒子、 X 射线和伽马射线)

cloud cover n.  1  a canopy of clouds 天幕(指天空中被云彩遮蔽的部分) 2  the extent of this canopy 云量(指天幕所笼罩的范围)

cloud-cuckoo-land n.  a fanciful or ideal place 幻境，仙境；(脱离现实的)理想世界 [translation of Greek Nephelokokkugia, from nephelē ‘cloud’ + kokkux ‘cuckoo’ (in Aristophanes' Birds)]

clouded leopard n.  a large spotted arboreal cat, Neofelis nebulosa, of SE Asia 云豹(猫科动物，似豹但比豹小，产于东南亚)

cloud-hopping n.  movement of an aircraft from cloud to cloud, esp. for concealment (尤指飞机以隐蔽为目的的)穿云飞行

cloud-land n.  a utopia or fairyland 幻境，仙境；乌托邦

cloudscape /ˈklaʊdskeip/ n.  1  a picturesque grouping of clouds 云景 2  a picture or view of clouds 云图 [CLOUD n., on the pattern of landscape]

cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ adj. (cloudier, cloudiest)  1  a (of the sky) covered with clouds, overcast (指天空)多云的，乌云密布的b (of weather) characterized by clouds (指天气)阴天的 2  not transparent; unclear 不透明的，混浊的 □ cloudily  adv.  □ cloudiness  n.  

clough /klʌf/ n. dial.  a steep valley usu. with a torrent bed; a ravine [方] (谷底通常受洪水冲刷的)峡谷，深谷；沟壑 [Old English clōh, from Germanic]

clout /klaʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy blow 猛击，重敲 2 colloq.  influence, power of effective action, esp. in politics or business [口] (尤指政治或生意方面的)影响；门路 3 dial.  a piece of cloth or clothing [方]一块布；(男婴的)一件衣服  cast not a clout  一件衣服也不脱 4 Archery hist.  a piece of canvas on a frame, used as a mark 【射箭】[史义] (挂在架子上的)帆布箭靶 5  a nail with a large flat head 大平头钉子 6  a patch 补丁 ●v. tr.  1  hit hard 敲击，猛击 2  mend with a patch 给…打补丁 [Old English clūt, related to CLEAT, CLOT]

clove1 /kləʊv/ n.  1  a  a dried flower bud of a tropical plant, Eugenia aromatica, used as a pungent aromatic spice 丁香，(用作香料的)干丁香花苞b  this plant 丁香树 2 (in full 全称 clove gillyflower or clove pink)  a clove-scented pink, Dianthus caryophyllus, the original of the carnation and other double pinks 麝香石竹，康乃馨(石竹属植物) [Middle English from Old French clou (de girofle) ‘nail (of gillyflower)’, from its shape, GILLYFLOWER being originally the name of the spice; later applied to the similarly scented pink]

clove2 /kləʊv/ n.  any of the small bulbs making up a compound bulb of garlic, shallot, etc. (构成大蒜、青葱等小鳞茎的)瓣；小鳞茎 [Old English clufu, related to CLEAVE1]

clove3 past  of CLEAVE1  

clove hitch n.  a knot by which a rope is secured by passing it twice round a spar or rope that it crosses at right angles 卷结(用绳缠绕杆、棒两圈然后打结的方法) [old past part. of CLEAVE1, as showing parallel separate lines]

cloven /ˈkləʊv(ə)n/ adj.  split, partly divided 劈开的，裂开的 □ show the cloven hoof   reveal one's evil nature 露马脚，现原形□ cloven-footed  /-ˈfʊtid/ adj.  □ cloven-hoofed  /-ˈhu:ft/ adj.  分趾蹄，偶蹄 [past part. of CLEAVE1]

cloven hoof n. (also 亦作 cloven foot)  the divided hoof of ruminant quadrupeds (e.g. oxen, sheep, goats); also ascribed to the god Pan, and so to the Devil 分趾蹄，偶蹄(如牛、绵羊、山羊等的蹄)；(希腊牧羊神)潘的足，恶魔的足

clove pink  see 见 CLOVE1 2 

clover /ˈkləʊvə/ n.  any leguminous fodder plant of the genus Trifolium, having dense flower heads and leaves each consisting of usu. three leaflets 车轴草，三叶草(苜蓿属植物，每个叶柄上通常有 3 片叶子，可作牧草) □ in clover   in ease and luxury 生活安逸的；奢侈的 [Old English clɑˉfre, from Germanic]

cloverleaf /ˈkləʊvəli:f/ n.  a junction of roads intersecting at different levels with connecting sections forming the pattern of a four-leaved clover (道路的)苜蓿叶式立体交叉，四叶式立体交叉

clown /klaʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a comic entertainer, esp. in a pantomime or circus, usu. with traditional costume and make-up (尤指哑剧或马戏中的)小丑，滑稽演员 2  a silly, foolish, or playful person 无知的人；诙谐的人 3 archaic  a rustic [古义]乡下人，土包子 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  behave like a clown; act foolishly or playfully 扮小丑；装傻；开玩笑 2 tr.  perform (a part, an action, etc.) like a clown 扮演小丑 □ clownery  n.  □ clownish  adj.  □ clownishly  adv.  □ clownishness  n.   [16th c.: perhaps of Low German origin]

cloy /klɔi/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  satiate or sicken with an excess of sweetness, richness, etc. (因太甜或油腻而)倒胃口；厌腻 □ cloyingly  adv.   [Middle English from obsolete accloy, via Anglo-French acloyer, Old French encloyer from Romanic]

cloze /kləʊz/ n.  the exercise of supplying a word that has been omitted from a passage as a test of readability or comprehension (要求填写选文中删去的词语以测验阅读理解能力的)完形填空，填充测验 usu. 通常作 attrib.: cloze test  完形填空测试 [CLOSURE]

club /klʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy stick with a thick end, used as a weapon etc. (用作武器等的)大头棒，棍棒 2  a stick used in a game, esp. a stick with a head used in golf 球棒(尤指高尔夫球棒) 3  a  a playing card of a suit denoted by a black trefoil (纸牌戏中的)梅花牌b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit (纸牌戏中的)梅花长套 4  an association of persons united by a common interest, usu. meeting periodically for a shared activity 俱乐部，联谊会  tennis club  网球俱乐部 yacht club  帆船俱乐部 5  an organization or premises offering members social amenities, meals and temporary residence, etc. (提供社交场合、吃、住等的)建筑物；会所 6  a commercial organization offering subscribers special deals (为会员提供优惠待遇的)商业组织；社团  book club  书社 7  a group of persons, nations, etc., having something in common (因共同利益而联合起来的)团体；国家集团 8  = CLUBHOUSE  9  a structure or organ, esp. in a plant, with a knob at the end (末端粗大如瘤的)棒状植物结构(或器官) ●v. (clubbed, clubbing)  1 tr.  beat with or as with a club (似)用棍棒打 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 together)  combine with others for joint action, esp. making up a sum of money for a purpose 联合起来(做某事)；(尤指)联合募捐 3 tr.  contribute (money etc.) to a common stock 捐献；合资 4 intr. colloq.  go out to nightclubs [口]去夜总会  went clubbing every weekend  每个周末都去夜总会 □ in the club  Brit. slang  pregnant [英] [俚语]怀孕□ clubber  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse klubba, assimilated form of klumba ‘club’, related to CLUMP]

clubbable /ˈklʌbəb(ə)l/ adj.  sociable; fit for membership of a club 好交际的；有资格作俱乐部会员的 □ clubbability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ clubbableness  n.  

clubby /ˈklʌbi/ adj. (clubbier, clubbiest) esp. US  sociable; friendly [尤美]好交际的；友善的

club car n. N. Amer.  a railway carriage equipped with a lounge and other amenities [北美] (火车上有舒适座位及小吃的)休息车厢

club class n. Brit.  a class of fare on aircraft etc. designed for the business traveller [英] (适合于商务旅行者的飞机等)票价，价位

club foot n.  a congenitally deformed foot (先天性的)畸形足 □ club-footed  adj.  

clubhouse /ˈklʌbhaʊs/ n.  the premises used by a club 俱乐部会所

clubland /ˈklʌblænd/ n. Brit.  an area where many clubs are, esp. St James's in London [英] 俱乐部集中区(尤指伦敦的圣詹姆斯俱乐部集中区)

clubman /ˈklʌbmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of one or more clubs (see 见 CLUB n. 5) 俱乐部会员

clubmate /ˈklʌbmeit/ n.  a fellow member of a sports club 体育俱乐部会员

clubmoss /ˈklʌbmɒs/ n.  a usu. small creeping plant of the pteridophyte family Lycopodiaceae, bearing upright spikes of spore cases 石松(一种蔓生蕨类植物)

clubroot /ˈklʌbru:t/ n.  a disease of cabbages etc. with swelling at the base of the stem (甘蓝等植物的)根肿病

club sandwich n.  a sandwich of meat (esp. chicken and bacon), tomato, lettuce, and dressing, usu. with two layers of filling between three slices of toast or bread 总会三明治(由三片面包夹两层鸡肉或火腿、生菜、番茄及调料)

club soda n. N. Amer. [北美]  = SODA 2 

cluck /klʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a guttural cry like that of a hen (母鸡呼唤小鸡时发出的)咯咯叫声 2 slang  a silly or foolish person [俚语]傻瓜，笨蛋  dumb cluck  笨蛋，蠢货 ●v. intr.  emit a cluck or clucks 发咯咯叫声 [imitative]

clucky /ˈklʌki/ adj. (of a hen) sitting on eggs (母鸡)孵蛋的

clue /klu:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fact or idea that serves as a guide, or suggests a line of enquiry, in a problem or investigation (问题或调查的)线索，端倪 2  a piece of evidence etc. in the detection of a crime (案件侦破中的)线索，证据 3  a verbal formula serving as a hint as to what is to be inserted in a crossword (纵横填字字谜的)提示词语 4  a  the thread of a story (故事的)线索b  a train of thought 思路，思绪 ●v. tr. (clues, clued, cluing or clueing)  provide a clue to 为…提供线索，提示 □ clue in (or Brit. [英] up)  slang  inform [俚语]告诉，使了解□ not have a clue  colloq.  be ignorant or incompetent [口]一无所知；蠢笨无能 [variant of CLEW]

clued-up adj.  well informed, intelligent 消息灵通的，熟悉的

clueless /ˈklu:lis/ adj. colloq.  ignorant, stupid [口]一无所知的；无知的，愚蠢的 □ cluelessly  adv.  □ cluelessness  n.  

clump /klʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a cluster of plants, esp. trees or shrubs (尤指树或灌木的)丛，簇 2  an agglutinated mass of blood cells etc. (血细胞等的)凝块 3  a thick extra sole on a boot or shoe (靴子或鞋外加的)厚鞋底 ●v.  1  a intr.  form a clump 形成一丛(一簇、一群)b tr.  heap or plant together 堆在一起，栽成一丛 2 intr. (also 亦作 clomp /klɒmp/)  walk with heavy tread 拖着沉重的脚步行走 3 tr. colloq.  hit [口]打，击 □ clumpy  adj. (clumpier, clumpiest)   [Middle Low German klumpe, Middle Dutch klompe, related to CLUB]

clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/ adj. (clumsier, clumsiest)  1  awkward in movement or shape; ungainly 行动不灵活的，笨拙的；形状难看的 2  difficult to handle or use 操作不方便的，不好使用的 3  tactless 不得体的，不圆通的 □ clumsily  adv.  □ clumsiness  n.   [obsolete clumse ‘be numb with cold’ (probably from Scandinavian)]

clung past and past part.  of CLING 

clunk /klʌŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a dull sound as of thick pieces of metal meeting (笨重金属块碰击而发出的)哐啷声 ●v. intr.  make such a sound 发哐啷声 [imitative]

clunker /ˈklʌŋkə/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  a dilapidated vehicle or machine 破旧汽车(或机器) 2  a failure, a flop 失败者

clunky /ˈklʌŋki/ adj. (clunkier, clunkiest) colloq. [口]  1  making a clunking sound 发哐啷声的 2 N. Amer.  awkward, clumsy [北美]难堪的；笨拙的

cluster /ˈklʌstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close group or bunch of similar things growing together (植物的)簇，丛；束，串 2  a close group or swarm of people, animals, faint stars, gems, etc. 人群；动物群；(模糊的)星群 3  a group of successive consonants or vowels 辅音群；元音群 ●v.  1 tr.  bring into a cluster or clusters 使成簇，使成群 2 intr.  be or come into a cluster or clusters 丛生 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 round, around)  gather, congregate 群集，聚集 [Old English clyster]

cluster bomb n.  an anti-personnel bomb spraying pellets on impact 榴霰弹，子母弹

clustered /ˈklʌstəd/ adj.  1  growing in or brought into a cluster 丛生的；群集的 2 Archit. (of pillars, columns, or shafts) several close together, or disposed round or half-detached from a pier 【建】(柱子、圆柱、门柱等)簇柱

cluster fly n.  a dipterous fly, Pollenia rudis, with larvae parasitic on earthworms, which gathers around buildings in autumn 粉蝇(双翅目昆虫，多在秋季群集于建筑物周围，其幼虫寄生于蚯蚓身上)

cluster pine n.  a Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinaster, with clustered cones Also called 亦称作 pinaster 海松(产于地中海地区，其球果成束生长)

clutch1 /klʌtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  seize eagerly; grasp tightly 急忙抓住，突然抢走；紧握 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  try, esp. desperately, to seize or grasp 企图抓住，(尤指)拼命地抓 ●n.  1  a  a tight grasp 紧握，抓住b (foll. by 后跟 at)  an act of grasping 攫取，抢夺 2 (in pl. 用复数)  grasping hands, esp. as representing a cruel or relentless grasp or control (尤指代表残酷和残暴控制的)魔爪；控制，统治 3  a (in a motor vehicle) a device for connecting and disconnecting the engine and the transmission (机动车辆)离合器b  the pedal operating this 离合器踏板c  an arrangement for connecting or disconnecting working parts of a machine (机器)离合器杆 [Middle English clucche, clicche via Old English clyccan ‘crook, clench’ from Germanic]

clutch2 /klʌtʃ/ n.  1  a set of eggs for hatching (孵化的)一窝蛋 2  a brood of chickens 一窝小鸡 [18th c.: probably southern English variant of cletch, from cleck ‘to hatch’ from Old Norse klekja, associated with CLUTCH1]

clutch bag n.  a slim flat handbag without handles 女用无带提包

clutter /ˈklʌtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a crowded and untidy collection of things 凌乱的东西，杂乱的东西 2  an untidy state 凌乱，杂乱 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, with)  crowd untidily, fill with clutter 乱堆；塞满 [partly a variant of clotter ‘coagulate’, partly associated with CLUSTER, CLATTER]

Clyde /klaid/   克莱德 [人名]

Clydesdale /ˈklaidzdeil/ n.  1  a  a horse of a heavy powerful breed, used as draught horses 克莱兹代尔种马(一种强健的挽马)b  this breed 克莱兹代尔马品种 2  a kind of small terrier 克莱兹代尔小猛犬 [originally bred near the river Clyde in Scotland: see DALE]

clypeus /ˈklipiəs/ n. (pl. clypei /-piai/)  a broad plate at the front of an insect's head (昆虫头前部的)唇基；盾部 □ clypeal  adj.  □ clypeate  adj.   [Latin, = round shield]

clyster /ˈklistə/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  an enema 灌肠剂；灌肠法 ●v. tr.  treat with an enema 用灌肠剂治疗，给…灌肠 [Middle English via Old French clystere or Latin clyster from Greek klustēr ‘syringe’, from kluzō ‘wash out’]

CM abbr.  Member of the Order of Canada [缩略]加拿大勋爵士

Cm symb. Chem.  the element curium [符号]【化】(化学元素)锔

Cm. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (sixth series, 1986 －) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第 6 辑， 1986 至今)

cm abbr. [缩略]  centimetre(s) 

Cmd. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (fourth series, 1918 － 56) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第 4 辑， 1918 至 56 年)

Cmdr. abbr. [缩略]  Commander 

Cmdre. abbr. [缩略]  Commodore 

CMG abbr. (in the UK) Companion (of the Order) of St Michael and St George [缩略] (英国)最低级圣迈克尔和圣乔治勋爵士

Cmnd. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (fifth series, 1956 － 86) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第 5 辑， 1956 至 86 年)

CNAA abbr. (in the UK) Council for National Academic Awards [缩略] (英国)全国学术奖理事会

CND abbr. (in the UK) Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament [缩略] (英国)核裁军运动

cnr. abbr. [缩略]  corner 

CNS abbr. [缩略]  central nervous system 中央神经系统

CO abbr. [缩略]  1  Commanding Officer 指挥官 2  conscientious objector (出于道德或宗教原因而)拒服兵役者 3 US  Colorado (in official postal use) [美]科罗拉多州(正式邮政用语)

Co symb. Chem.  the element cobalt [符号]【化】(化学元素)钴

Co. abbr.  1  company  2  county  □ and Co.  /kəʊ/ colloq.  and the rest of them; and similar things [口]及其一伙，以及类似的种种

c/o abbr.  care of [缩略] (书信用语)由…转交

co- /kəʊ/ prefix  1  added to: a  nouns, with the sense ‘joint, mutual, common’ (co-author (书的)合著者 ; co-equality 相互平等) (加在名词前)表示“联合，互相，共同”b  adjectives and adverbs, with the sense ‘jointly, mutually’ (co-belligerent 共同作战的 ; co-equal 相互平等的 ; co-equally 相互平等地) (加在形容词和副词前)表示“联合，共同，互相”c  verbs, with the sense ‘together with another or others’ (cooperate 合作 ; co-author 合著) 加在动词前，表示“和他人一起” 2 Math. 【数】  a  of the complement of an angle (cosine 余弦) 表示“余角的”b  the complement of (co-latitude 余纬度 ; coset 傍系，陪集) 余，补 [originally a form of COM-]

coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a single-decker bus, usu. comfortably equipped for longer journeys [尤英] (单层)长途公共汽车 2  a railway carriage (铁路)旅客车厢 3  a horse-drawn carriage, usu. closed, esp. a State carriage or a stagecoach 四轮轿式大马车；(尤指)公共马车 4  a  an instructor or trainer in sport (体育队的)教练，指导b  a private tutor 私人教师 5 N. Amer.  economy class seating in an aircraft [北美] (飞机的)经济舱 6 Austral.  a docile cow or bullock used as a decoy to attract wild cattle [澳] (用于诱捕野牛的)驯顺母牛或阉牛 ●v.  1 tr.  a  train or teach (a pupil, sports team, etc.) as a coach 训练(运动队)，辅导(学生)b  give hints to; prime with facts 提示；事先为…提供情况 2 intr.  travel by stagecoach 乘坐公共马车旅行  in the old coaching days  在有公共马车的昔日岁月里 [French coche from Hungarian kocsi (szeker) ‘(wagon from) Kocs’, a town in Hungary]

coach-built adj. Brit. (of motor car bodies) individually built by craftsmen [英] (指汽车车身)由工匠用木料制成的 □ coachbuilder  n.  

coach house n.  an outhouse for carriages 马车房

coachload /ˈkəʊtʃləʊd/ n.  a number of people, esp. holidaymakers, taken by coach (尤指乘马车)度假者

coachman /ˈkəʊtʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the driver of a horse-drawn carriage 马车车夫

coach station n.  a stopping place for a number of coaches, usu. with buildings and amenities 马车车站；长途公共汽车车站

coachwood /ˈkəʊtʃwʊd/ n. Austral.  any tree, esp. Ceratopetalum apetalum, with close-grained wood suitable for cabinetmaking [澳]角瓣木(一种木质纹理细密的角瓣木属乔木，适于制作柜橱，因曾用于制作汽车车厢而得名)

coachwork /ˈkəʊtʃwɜ:k/ n.  the bodywork of a road or rail vehicle 汽车(或火车)车身；车身的设计(和制造)

coadjutor /kəʊˈædʒʊtə/ n.  an assistant, esp. an assistant bishop 助手，帮手；(尤指)主教助理，副主教 [Middle English via Old French coadjuteur from Late Latin coadjutor (as CO-, adjutor from adjuvare -jut- ‘help’)]

coagulant /kəʊˈæɡjʊlənt/ n.  a substance that produces coagulation 凝结剂

coagulate /kəʊˈæɡjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  1  change from a fluid to a solid or semi-solid state 凝结，凝固 2  clot, curdle 使(牛奶)结成凝乳 3  set, solidify 使(牛奶)固化 □ coagulable  adj.  □ coagulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ coagulator  n.   [Middle English from Latin coagulare, from coagulum ‘rennet’]

coagulation /kəʊæɡjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process by which a liquid changes to a semi-solid mass 凝结，凝固 [as COAGULATE]

coagulum /kəʊˈæɡjʊləm/ n. (pl. coagula /-lə/)  a mass of coagulated matter 凝结物 [Latin: see COAGULATE]

coal /kəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hard black or blackish rock, mainly carbonized plant matter, found in underground seams and used as a fuel and in the manufacture of gas, tar, etc. 煤b Brit.  a piece of this for burning [英] (用作燃料的)煤块 2  a red-hot piece of coal, wood, etc. in a fire (火炉中燃烧的)煤块(或木柴) ●v.  1 intr.  take in a supply of coal 装煤，上煤 2 tr.  put coal into (an engine, fire, etc.) 给(机车、火炉等)装煤 □ coals to Newcastle   something brought or sent to a place where it is already plentiful 多此一举的事，徒劳无益的事□ haul (or call) over the coals   reprimand 责备，申斥□ coaly  adj.   [Old English col, from Germanic]

coal black n. & adj. ●n.  a completely black colour 墨黑色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 墨黑色的

coal dust n.  powdered coal 煤尘

coaler /ˈkəʊlə/ n.  a ship etc. transporting coal 运煤船

coalesce /kəʊəˈles/ v. intr.  1  come together and form one whole (断骨等)接合；(伤口等)愈合 2  combine in a coalition 联合，合并 □ coalescence  n.  □ coalescent  adj.   [Latin coalescere (as CO-, alescere alit- ‘grow’ from alere ‘nourish’)]

coalface /ˈkəʊlfeis/ n.  an exposed surface of coal in a mine 采煤工作面(即煤矿中经开采后露出的煤层截面)

coalfield /ˈkəʊlfi:ld/ n.  an extensive area with strata containing coal 煤田

coal-fired adj.  heated or driven by coal 烧煤的，用煤作动力的

coalfish /ˈkəʊlfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = SAITHE 

coal gas n.  mixed gases extracted from coal and used for lighting and heating 煤气

coal-hole n. Brit.  a compartment or small cellar for storing coal [英] (贮存煤炭的)小煤库，小煤窑

coalhouse /ˈkəʊlhaʊs/ n.  a building for storing coal 煤库

coalition /kəʊəˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Polit.  a temporary alliance for combined action, esp. of distinct parties forming a government, or of states 【政】(政党间)临时结成的联盟，同盟 2  fusion into one whole 结合，联合 □ coalitionist  n.   [medieval Latin coalitio (as COALESCE)]

coalman /ˈkəʊlmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who carries or delivers coal 运煤工人，送煤工人

coal measures n. pl.  a series of rocks formed by seams of coal with intervening strata 石炭煤系

coal mine n.  a mine in which coal is dug 煤矿 □ coal miner  n.  □ coal mining  n. (often 常作 attrib.)  

coalmouse /ˈkəʊlmaʊs/ n. (also 亦作 colemouse) (pl. -mice)  = COAL TIT  [Old English colmɑˉse, from col COAL + mɑˉse as TITMOUSE]

coal-sack n.  1  a sack for carrying coal 装煤的麻袋 2  a dark nebula in the Milky Way, esp. one near the Southern Cross 煤袋(银河系中的暗星云，尤指位于南十字星座附近的暗星云)

coal scuttle n.  a container for coal to supply a domestic fire 煤斗，煤桶

coal-seam n.  a stratum of coal suitable for mining 煤层

coal tar n.  a thick black oily liquid distilled from coal and used as a source of hydrocarbons 煤焦油(干馏煤时获得的用作烃原料的黏稠物质)

coal tit n. (also 亦作 cole tit)  a small greyish bird, Parus ater, with a black head Also called 亦称作 coalmouse 煤山雀(山雀属鸟类，羽毛为浅灰色，头部为黑色)

coaming /ˈkəʊmiŋ/ n.  a raised border round the hatches etc. of a ship to keep out water (船上挡水用的)舱口围板 [17th c.: origin unknown]

coarctate /kəʊˈɑ:kteit/ adj.  1 esp. Anat. & Biol.  pressed close together, compressed (尤)【解】【生】压在一起的，压缩的 2 Zool. (of an insect pupa) concealed by the larval cuticle 【动】(指昆虫的蛹)封闭在蛹壳内的 [Latin coar(c)tatus from coar(c)tare from CO- + artus ‘confined’]

coarctation /kəʊɑ:kˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  compression 压缩 2 Med.  congenital narrowing of the aorta 【医】先天性主动脉狭窄

coarse /kɔ:s/ adj.  1  a  rough or loose in texture or grain; made of large particles 粗的，粗糙的；由大颗粒构成的b (of a person's features) rough or large (指人的外貌特征)粗糙的，粗大的 2  lacking refinement or delicacy; crude, obscene 缺少教养的，不高雅的；粗俗的，下流的  coarse humour  粗俗的幽默 3  rude, uncivil 粗鲁的，无礼貌的 4  inferior, common 粗劣的，低劣的 □ coarsely  adv.  □ coarseness  n.  □ coarsish  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

coarse fish n. Brit.  any freshwater fish other than salmon and trout [英] (除鲑鱼和鲑鳟鱼以外的)淡水鱼 □ coarse fishing  n.  (作为娱乐活动的)捕捉淡水鱼

coarsen /ˈkɔ:s(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become coarse (使)变粗糙(粗俗、粗鲁等)

coast /kəʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the border of the land near the sea; the seashore 沿海地区；海岸，海滨b (作 the Coast) N. Amer.  the Pacific coast of N. America [北美] (北美洲的)太平洋沿岸地区 2  a  a run, usu. downhill, on a bicycle without pedalling or in a motor vehicle without using the engine (骑自行车或开汽车沿山坡向下)滑行b N. Amer.  a toboggan slide or slope [北美] (平底雪橇的)滑道；适合滑雪的山坡 ●v. intr.  1  ride or move, usu. downhill, without use of power, freewheel (通常指沿山坡向下)滑雪，惯性滑行 2  make progress without much effort 毫不费力地前进；顺利进展 3 N. Amer.  slide down a hill on a toboggan [北美] (乘坐平底雪橇沿山坡向下)滑行 4  a  sail along the coast 沿岸航行b  trade between ports on the same coast 沿岸经商 □ the coast is clear   there is no danger of being observed or caught 道路畅通无阻；危险已经过去□ coastal  adj.   [Middle English via Old French coste, costeier from Latin costa ‘rib, flank, side’]

coaster /ˈkəʊstə/ n.  1  a ship that travels along the coast from port to port 沿海航行的船只 2  a small tray or mat for a bottle or glass (酒瓶、杯子等的)小托盘，垫子 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a toboggan for coasting (滑坡用的)平底雪橇b  a roller coaster 环滑车，过山车

coastguard /ˈkəʊs(t)ɡɑ:d/ n.  1  an organization keeping watch on the coasts and on local shipping to save life, prevent smuggling, etc. (担任救生及缉私等工作的)海岸警卫队 2  a member of this 海岸警卫队队员

coastland /ˈkəʊs(t)lənd, -lænd/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an expanse of land near the sea 沿海地区

coastline /ˈkəʊs(t)lain/ n.  the line of the seashore, esp. with regard to its shape 海岸线(尤指海岸的轮廓)  a rugged coastline  多岩石的海岸线

coast to coast adj. & adv. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  across an island or continent 跨岛屿的(即从岛的一端海岸至另一端海岸)；跨大陆的(即从大陆的一端海岸至另一端海岸)

coastwise /ˈkəʊstwaiz/ adj. & adv.  along, following, or connected with the coast 沿着海岸(的)

coat /kəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outer garment with sleeves and often extending below the hips; an overcoat or jacket 上衣，外套；大衣 2  a  an animal's fur, hair, etc. (动物的)皮毛b Physiol.  a structure, esp. a membrane, enclosing or lining an organ 【生理】(包在器官外面的)膜c  a skin, rind, or husk (植物的)表皮，树皮，荚皮d  a layer of a bulb etc. (球体的)表层 3  a  a layer or covering 覆盖物；层b  a covering of paint etc. laid on a surface at one time (油漆等的)涂层 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, in)  a  apply a coat of paint etc. to; provide with a layer or covering 在…上涂(油漆等)；覆盖b (as 作 coated adj.)  covered with 覆盖了…的 2 (of paint etc.) form a covering to (指油漆等)形成…的覆盖层 □ on a person's coat-tails   undeservedly benefiting from another's success 坐享其成□ coated  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French cote and Romanic from Frankish, of unknown origin]

coat armour n.  coats of arms 盾形纹章，盾徽

coat check n. N. Amer.  a cloakroom with an attendant [北美] (有管理员的)行李寄存处

coat checker n. N. Amer.  a cloakroom attendant [北美]行李寄存处管理员

coat dress n.  a woman's tailored dress resembling a coat 女士紧身外衣

coatee /kəʊˈti:/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a woman's or infant's short coat 妇女(或婴儿的)短外衣 2 archaic  a close-fitting short coat [古义]紧身短外衣

coat-hanger  see 见 HANGER1 2 

coati /kəʊˈɑ:ti/ n. (pl. coatis)  a raccoon-like flesh-eating mammal of Central and S. America, of the genus Nasua or Nasuella, with a long flexible snout and a long usu. ringed tail 长吻浣熊(一种与浣熊相似的肉食哺乳动物，产于中南美洲，其口鼻部长而柔韧，长长的尾巴上通常有环状斑纹) [Tupi, from cua ‘belt’ + tim ‘nose’]

coatimundi /kəʊˌɑ:tiˈmʌndi/ n. (pl. coatimundis)  = COATI  [as COATI + Tupi mondi ‘solitary’]

coating /ˈkəʊtiŋ/ n.  1  a thin layer or covering of paint etc. (油漆等的)涂层，覆盖层 2  material for making coats 外衣料子

coat of arms n.  the heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, or corporation (个人、家族或团体的)纹章，盾形徽章

coat of mail n. hist.  a jacket covered with mail or composed of mail [史义]锁子铠甲

coatroom /ˈkəʊtru:m, -rʊm/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = CLOAKROOM 1 

coat-stand n.  a stand with hooks on which to hang coats, hats, etc. 衣帽架

coat-tail n.  each of the flaps formed by the back of a tailcoat (燕尾服的)燕尾

co-author /kəʊˈɔ:θə/ n. & v. ●n.  a joint author (书的)合著者 ●v. tr.  be a joint author of 合著■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AUTHOR. 见 AUTHOR 词条用法说明。 

coax1 /kəʊks/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, or to + infin.)  persuade (a person) gradually or by flattery 劝诱，哄劝 2 (foll. by 后跟 out of)  obtain (a thing from a person) by coaxing (从某人处)诱得(某物) 3  manipulate (a thing) carefully or slowly (小心翼翼地)摆弄(某物) □ coaxer  n.  □ coaxingly  adv.   [16th c.: from ‘make a cokes of’ (obsolete cokes ‘simpleton’), of unknown origin]

coax2 /ˈkəʊæks/ n. colloq.  coaxial cable [口]同轴电缆 [abbreviation]

coaxial /kəʊˈæksiəl/ adj.  1  having a common axis 共轴的，同轴的 2 Electr. (of a cable or line) transmitting by means of two concentric conductors separated by an insulator 【电】(电缆或电线)同轴传输的 □ coaxially  adv.  

cob1 /kɒb/ n.  1  a roundish lump of coal etc. (煤等)圆团，圆块 2 Brit.  a domed loaf of bread [英]圆头面包 3  = CORN COB  4 (in full 全称 cobnut)  a large hazelnut 欧洲榛子 5  a sturdy short-legged horse for riding (供乘骑用的)强壮的短腿马 6  a male swan 雄天鹅 [Middle English: origin unknown]

cob2 /kɒb/ n. Brit.  a material for walls, made from compressed earth, clay, or chalk reinforced with straw [英] (黏土等加稻草拌和成的)筑墙用草泥 [17th c.: origin unknown]

cobalt /ˈkəʊbɔ:lt, -ɒlt/ n. & adj. ●n. Chem.  a silvery-white magnetic metallic element occurring naturally as a mineral in copper and nickel ores and used in many alloys (symbol 符 Co) 【化】(化学元素)钴 ●n. & adj.  = COBALT BLUE  □ cobaltic  /kə(ʊ)ˈbɔ:ltik, -ˈbɒlt-/ adj.  □ cobaltous  /kə(ʊ)ˈbɔ:ltəs, -ˈbɒlt-/ adj.   [German Kobalt = KOBOLD in mines from the belief that cobalt was harmful to the ores with which it occurred]

cobalt blue n. & adj. ●n.  1  a pigment containing a cobalt salt 含钴颜料 2  the deep blue colour of this 钴蓝，钴青，瓷蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 钴蓝色的

cobber /ˈkɒbə/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a companion or friend [澳新口]伙伴，朋友 [19th c.: perhaps related to English dialect cob ‘take a liking to’]

cobble1 /ˈkɒb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 cobblestone)  a small rounded stone of a size used for paving (铺路用的)鹅卵石，圆石 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  coal in lumps of this size [英] (卵石般大小的)圆煤块 ●v. tr.  pave with cobbles 用鹅卵石铺路 [Middle English cobel(-ston), from COB1]

cobble2 /ˈkɒb(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  mend or patch up (esp. shoes) 补缀(尤指修补鞋子) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  join or assemble roughly 胡乱拼凑；粗制滥造 [back-formation from COBBLER]

cobbler /ˈkɒblə/ n.  1  a person who mends shoes, esp. professionally (尤指专业的)修鞋匠 2  an iced drink of wine etc., sugar, and lemon (用葡萄酒、糖、柠檬汁制成的)冷饮料  sherry cobbler  雪利冷饮料 3  a  a pie topped with scones (上面加司康的)馅饼b esp. US  a fruit pie with a rich thick crust [尤美]脆皮水果馅饼 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. slang  nonsense [英] [俚语]胡说，废话 5 Austral. & NZ slang  the last sheep to be shorn [澳新] [俚语] (待剪毛的)最后一只羊 [Middle English, of unknown origin: sense 4 from rhyming slang cobbler's awls = balls: sense 5 with pun on LAST3]

cobblestone  see 见 COBBLE1 n. 1 

co-belligerent /kəʊbiˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any of two or more nations engaged in war as allies 共同作战的国家 ●adj.  of or as a co-belligerent 共同作战的 □ co-belligerence  n.  □ co-belligerency  n.  

coble /ˈkəʊb(ə)l/ n.  a flat-bottomed fishing boat in Scotland and NE England (苏格兰及英格兰东北部的)平底渔船 [Old English, perhaps from Celtic]

cobnut  see 见 COB1 4 

COBOL /ˈkəʊbɒl/ n. Computing  a programming language designed for use in commerce 【计算】商业用途的编程语言 [common business oriented language]

cobra /ˈkəʊbrə, ˈkɒbrə/ n.  any venomous snake of the genus Naja, native to Africa and Asia, able to dilate its neck like a hood when excited 眼镜蛇(眼镜蛇属毒蛇，受到刺激时其颈部的皮褶会胀起呈风帽形，产于非洲和亚洲) [Portuguese, from Latin colubra ‘snake’]

cobweb /ˈkɒbweb/ n.  1  a  a fine network of threads spun by a spider from a liquid extruded from its spinnerets, used to trap insects etc. 蜘蛛网b  the thread of this 蜘蛛丝 2  anything compared with a cobweb, esp. in flimsiness of texture (尤指结构轻而薄的)蜘蛛网状物 3  a trap or insidious entanglement 陷阱，圈套 4 (in pl. 用复数) (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 blow or clear away the cobwebs 扫除陈腐；焕然一新)  a state of lethargy; fustiness 昏睡状态，没精打采；陈腐的东西 □ cobwebbed  adj.  □ cobwebby  adj.   [Middle English cop(pe)web from obsolete coppe ‘spider’]

coca /ˈkəʊkə/ n.  1  a S. American shrub, Erythroxylum coca 古柯树(南美灌木) 2  its dried leaves, chewed as a stimulant 古柯树干叶(用作兴奋剂) [Spanish, from Aymara kuka or Quechua koka]

Coca-Cola /kəʊkəˈkəʊlə/ n. propr.  a carbonated nonalcoholic drink [商标]可口可乐(一种碳酸化不含酒精饮料) [COCA + COLA]

cocaine /kə(ʊ)ˈkein/ n.  a drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as a local anaesthetic and as a stimulant 可卡因，古柯碱(从古柯中制取或人工合成，用作局部麻醉剂或兴奋剂) [COCA + -INE4]

coccidiosis /kɒkˌsidiˈəʊsis/ n.  a disease of birds and mammals caused by any of various parasitic protozoa, esp. of the genus Eimeria, affecting the intestine 球虫病(一种由寄生的原生动物，尤指艾美球虫属，引起的鸟类或哺乳动物肠道疾病) [coccidium (modern Latin from Greek kokkis, diminutive of kokkos ‘berry’) + -OSIS]

coccus /ˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. cocci /ˈkɒk(s)ai, ˈkɒk(s)i:/)  any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium 球菌 □ coccal  adj.  □ coccoid  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kokkos ‘berry’]

coccyx /ˈkɒksiks/ n. (pl. coccyges /-idʒi:z/ or coccyxes)  the small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes (人或类人猿脊椎底部的)尾骨 □ coccygeal  /kɒkˈsidʒiəl/ adj.   [Latin from Greek kokkux -ugos ‘cuckoo’ (from its shape, which resembles the cuckoo's bill)]

Cochin /ˈkɒtʃin/ n. (in full 全称 Cochin China /ˈtʃainə/)  1  a fowl of an Asian breed with feathery legs 交趾鸡(一种亚洲原种家鸡，腿上有浓密的毛) 2  this breed 交趾鸡品种 [Cochin China in Vietnam, where the breed originated]

cochineal /ˈkɒtʃini:l/ n.  1  a scarlet dye used esp. for colouring food 胭脂红(尤用于食品染色) 2  the dried bodies of the female of the Mexican insect, Dactylopius coccus, yielding this (制取胭脂红染料的)雌性胭脂虫干骸 [French cochenille or Spanish cochinilla from Latin coccinus ‘scarlet’, from Greek kokkos ‘berry’]

cochlea /ˈkɒkliə/ n. (pl. cochleae /-klii:/)  the spiral cavity of the internal ear, in which sound vibrations are converted into nervous impulses 耳蜗(螺旋形内耳，声音震动在这里转变成神经冲动) □ cochlear  adj.   [Latin, = snail shell, from Greek kokhlias]

cock1 /kɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a male bird, esp. of a domestic fowl 雄禽； (尤指)公鸡b Brit.  a male lobster, crab, or salmon [英]雄龙虾；雄蟹；雄鲑c  = WOODCOCK  2 Brit. slang (usu. 通常作 old cock as a form of address 打招呼的一种形式)  a friend; a fellow [英] [俚语]老兄，伙计 3 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎 4 Brit. slang  nonsense [英] [俚语]废话，无稽之谈 5  a  a firing lever in a gun which can be raised to be released by the trigger (枪的)撞针，击铁b  the cocked position of this (撞针的)待发位置  at full cock  枪处于全击发状态，准备射击 6  a tap or valve controlling flow (水)龙头，旋塞 ●v. tr.  1  raise or make upright or erect 使竖起，使翘起 2  turn or move (the eye or ear) attentively or knowingly 竖起(耳朵)；移动(目光) 3  set aslant, or turn up the brim of (a hat) 歪戴(帽子)，使(帽檐)朝上 4  raise the cock of (a gun) 扣动(枪的)扳机 □ at half cock   only partly ready (枪)处于半击发状态□ cock a snook   see 见 SNOOK1 □ cock up  Brit. slang  bungle; make a mess of [英] [俚语]把…搞糟；把…弄乱 [Old English cocc and Old French coq, probably from medieval Latin coccus]

cock2 /kɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  a small pile of hay, straw, etc. with vertical sides and a rounded top (干草、稻草等的)锥形小堆 ●v. tr.  pile into cocks 堆成堆 [Middle English, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

cockabully /ˈkɒkəbʊli/ n. NZ  any of various small blunt-nosed freshwater fishes, esp. of the genus Gobiomorphus [新]淡水钝鼻小鱼(尤指虾虎鱼属鱼) [Maori kokopu]

cockade /kɒˈkeid/ n.  a rosette etc. worn in a hat as a badge of office or party, or as part of a livery 帽章，帽子上的花结 □ cockaded  adj.   [French cocarde originally in bonnet ɑˋ la coquarde, from fem. of obsolete coquard ‘saucy’ from coq COCK1]

cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkədu:d(ə)lˈdu:/ n.  a cock's crow 喔喔喔(公鸡的啼叫声)

cock-a-hoop adj. & adv. ●adj.  exultant; crowing boastfully 欢腾的，得意洋洋的；自负的 ●adv.  exultantly 欢腾地，得意洋洋地；自负地 [16th c.: originally in the phrase set cock a hoop denoting some action preliminary to hard drinking]

cock-a-leekie /kɒkəˈli:ki/ n. (also 亦作 cocky-leeky /kɒki-/)  a soup traditionally made in Scotland with boiling fowl and leeks (苏格兰)鸡肉韭菜汤 [COCK1 + LEEK]

cockalorum /kɒkəˈlɔ:rəm/ n. colloq.  a self-important little man [口]妄自尊大的小人物 [18th c.: arbitrary formation from COCK1]

cock and bull story n.  an absurd or incredible account 荒诞故事，无稽之谈

cockatiel /kɒkəˈti:l/ n. (also 亦作 cockateel) Austral.  a small delicately coloured crested parrot, Nymphicus hollandicus [澳]鸡尾鹦鹉 [Dutch kaketielje]

cockatoo /kɒkəˈtu:/ n.  1  an Australasian parrot of the family Cacatuidae, with a powerful beak and an erectile crest (澳洲)凤头鹦鹉，葵花鹦鹉 2 Austral. & NZ colloq.  a small farmer [澳新口]小农场主 [Dutch kaketoe from Malay kakatua, assimilated to COCK1]

cockatrice /ˈkɒkətrais, -tris/ n.  1  = BASILISK 1  2 Heraldry  a fabulous animal, a cock with a serpent's tail 【纹章学】(传说中的)鸡身蛇尾怪物 [Middle English via Old French cocatris from Latin calcare ‘tread, track’, rendering Greek ikhneumōn ‘tracker’: see ICHNEUMON]

cockboat /ˈkɒkbəʊt/ n.  a small ship's boat (附属于大船的)小船，小划艇 [obsolete cock ‘small boat’ (from Old French coque) + BOAT]

cockchafer /ˈkɒktʃeifə/ n.  a large nocturnal beetle, Melolontha melolontha, which feeds on leaves and whose larva feeds on roots of crops etc. Also called 亦称作 May-bug 金龟(一种夜间活动的鳃角金龟科大甲虫，危害植物的叶子，其幼虫危害植物的根) [perhaps from COCK1 (as expressing size or vigour) + CHAFER]

cockcrow /ˈkɒkkrəʊ/ n.  dawn 黎明，鸡鸣时刻

cocked hat n.  1  a brimless triangular hat pointed at the front, back, and top (前、后及顶部呈尖形的)无边三角帽 2 hist.  a hat with a wide brim permanently turned up towards the crown (e.g. a tricorne) [史义] (帽边向上卷起的)三角帽 □ knock into a cocked hat   defeat utterly 彻底打败

cocker /ˈkɒkə/ n. (in full 全称 cocker spaniel)  1  a small spaniel of a breed with a silky coat 西班牙猎用小獚犬 2  this breed 西班牙猎用小獚犬品种 [as COCK1, from the breed's use in hunting woodcocks etc.]

cockerel /ˈkɒk(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  a young cock 小公鸡 [Middle English: diminutive of COCK1]

cock-eyed /kɒˈkaid/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  crooked, askew, not level 弯曲的；歪斜的；不平坦的 2 (of a scheme etc.) absurd, not practical (计划等)荒谬的，不切实际的 3  drunk 喝醉酒的 4  squinting 斜视的 [19th c.: apparently from COCK1 + EYE]

cockfight /ˈkɒkfait/ n.  a fight between cocks as sport 斗鸡 □ cockfighting  n.  

cockle1 /ˈkɒk(ə)l/ n.  1  a  any edible bivalve mollusc of the genus Cardium, having a chubby ribbed shell 鸟蛤(一种可食用的鸟蛤属双壳软体动物)b  its shell 鸟蛤壳 2 (in full 全称 cockleshell)  a small shallow boat 轻舟，浅底小船 □ warm the cockles of one's heart   make one contented; be satisfying 使人内心感到满足 [Middle English from Old French coquille ‘shell’, ultimately from Greek kogkhulion, from kogkhē CONCH]

cockle2 /ˈkɒk(ə)l/ n.  1 (in full 全称 corncockle)  a pink-flowered plant, Agrostemma githago (pink family), formerly common in cornfields 麦仙翁(石竹属植物，开粉红色花，是昔时在玉米地里很常见的一种杂草) 2  a disease of wheat that turns the grains black (小麦)黑穗病 [Old English coccul, perhaps ultimately from Late Latin COCCUS]

cockle3 /ˈkɒk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  pucker, wrinkle 起皱，成褶 2 tr.  cause to cockle 使起皱，使成褶 ●n.  a pucker or wrinkle in paper, glass, etc. (纸、玻璃等的)褶皱，皱痕 [French coquiller ‘blister (bread in cooking)’ from coquille: see COCKLE1]

cocklebur /ˈkɒk(ə)lbɜ:/ n.  a weed of the genus Xanthium (daisy family) with fruit covered in hooked bristles 苍耳(雏菊科植物，其种子为刺果) [COCKLE2 + BUR]

cockleshell  see 见 COCKLE1 2 

cockney /ˈkɒkni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a  a native of East London, esp. one born within hearing of Bow Bells 伦敦东区佬，伦敦佬(尤指出生在伦敦旧城区内的人)b  the dialect or accent typical of this area 伦敦东区方言，伦敦东区口音 2 Austral.  a young snapper fish, Chrysophrys auratus [澳]澳洲小笛鲷 ●adj.  of or characteristic of cockneys or their dialect or accent 伦敦东区佬的；伦敦东区方言的 □ cockneyism  n.   [Middle English cokeney ‘cock's egg’, later a derogatory term for a town-dweller]

cock-of-the-rock n.  a S. American bird, a cotinga of the genus Rupicola, having bright orange or red plumage and a prominent crest 动冠伞鸟(动冠伞鸟属，产于南美洲，羽毛为鲜艳的橘红色或红色，其肉冠大而显眼)

cock-of-the-walk n.  a dominant or arrogant person 称王称霸的人；高傲自大的人

cock-of-the-wood n.  1  a capercaillie 松鸡 2 N. Amer.  a red-crested woodpecker [北美]红头啄木鸟

cockpit /ˈkɒkpit/ n.  1  a  a compartment for the pilot (or the pilot and crew) of an aircraft or spacecraft (飞机或宇宙飞船的)飞行员座舱，飞行员与机务人员座舱b  a similar compartment for the driver in a racing car (赛车的)驾驶座c  a space for the helmsman in some small yachts (小型快艇的)舵手座 2  an arena of war or other conflict 战场 3  a place where cockfights are held 斗鸡场 [originally in sense 3, from COCK1 + PIT1]

cockroach /ˈkɒkrəʊtʃ/ n.  a stout-bodied beetle-like scavenging insect of the order Dictyoptera, esp. Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, which infests kitchens, warehouses, etc. 蟑螂(一种体型似甲虫以垃圾为食的昆虫，出没于厨房、库房等地方) [Spanish cucaracha, assimilated to COCK1, ROACH1]

cockscomb /ˈkɒkskəʊm/ n.  1  the crest or comb of a cock (公鸡的)鸡冠 2  a garden plant, Celosia cristata, with a terminal plume of tiny white or red flowers 鸡冠花

cocksfoot /ˈkɒksfʊt/ n. Brit.  any pasture grass of the genus Dactylis, with broad leaves and green or purplish spikes [英]鸭茅(生长在牧草场的一种鸭茅属草本植物，阔叶，结绿或紫色草穗)

cockshy /ˈkɒkʃai/ n. (pl. -shies) Brit. [英]  1  a  a target for throwing at with sticks, stones, etc. (棍棒、石子等的)投掷靶子b  a throw at this 向靶子投掷，投靶游戏 2  an object of ridicule or criticism 讽刺(或批评)的对象

cock sparrow n.  1  a male sparrow 公麻雀 2  a lively quarrelsome person 活泼而爱争吵的人

cocksure /kɒkˈʃʊə/ adj.  1  presumptuously or arrogantly confident 自以为是的，过于自信的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of, about)  absolutely sure 有绝对把握的，坚信不疑的 □ cocksurely  adv.  □ cocksureness  n.   [cock = God + SURE, later associated with COCK1]

cocktail /ˈkɒkteil/ n.  1  a usu. alcoholic drink made by mixing various spirits, fruit juices, etc. 鸡尾酒(用几种酒加果汁等混合而成) 2  a dish of mixed ingredients 什锦菜(用混合原料做的菜)  fruit cocktail  什锦水果丁 prawn cocktail  大虾冷盘 3  any (esp. unpleasant or dangerous) mixture or concoction (尤指难闻或危险的)混合物，调制品 [origin unknown: cf. earlier sense ‘docked horse’ from COCK1: the connection is unclear]

cocktail dress n.  a usu. short evening dress suitable for wearing at a drinks party (适合于酒会上穿的)短夜礼服

cocktail stick n. Brit.  a small pointed stick for serving an olive, cherry, small sausage, etc. [英]取食签(用来挑起橄榄、樱桃、小香肠等)

cock-up n. Brit. slang  a muddle or mistake [英] [俚语]混乱；错误

cocky1 /ˈkɒki/ adj. (cockier, cockiest)  1  conceited, arrogant 自负的，高傲的 2  saucy, impudent 无礼的，放肆的 □ cockily  adv.  □ cockiness  n.   [COCK1 + -Y1]

cocky2 /ˈkɒki/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  = COCKATOO 2  [abbreviation]

cocky-leeky var.  of COCK-A-LEEKIE  COCK-A-LEEKIE 的变体

coco /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 cocoa) (pl. cocos or cocoas)  the coconut palm 椰子树 [abbreviation of COCONUT, though in earlier use as a separate word]

cocoa /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ n.  1  a powder made from crushed cacao seeds, often with other ingredients 可可粉 2  a drink made from this 可可饮料 [alteration of CACAO]

cocoa bean n.  a cacao seed 可可豆，可可子

cocoa butter n.  a fatty substance obtained from cocoa beans and used for confectionery, cosmetics, etc. 可可油(用于制造甜食、化妆品等)

coco-de-mer /ˌkəʊkəʊdəˈmɛə/ n.  a tall palm tree, Lodoicea maldivica, of the Seychelles 复椰子树(产于塞舌尔) [French, = coco from the sea: the tree was first known from nuts found floating in the sea]

coconut /ˈkəʊkənʌt/ n. (also 亦作 cocoanut)  1  a  the large ovate brown seed of a tall tropical palm, Cocos nucifera, with a fibrous husk around a hard shell lined with edible white flesh enclosing a white liquid 椰子b (in full 全称 coconut palm or tree)  the palm itself 椰子树c  the flesh of a coconut 椰子肉 2 slang  the human head [俚语]头，脑袋 [from Spanish and Portuguese coco ‘grimace’ + NUT (the base of the shell resembling a face)]

coconut butter n.  a solid fat obtained from the flesh of the coconut, and used in soap, candles, ointment, etc. 椰子油(用于制作肥皂、蜡烛、软膏等)

coconut ice n. Brit.  a sweet of sugar and desiccated coconut [英]椰子糖(用糖和椰子干制成)

coconut matting n.  a matting made of fibre from coconut husks 椰衣垫(用椰壳纤维制成)

coconut milk n.  the watery white liquid inside a coconut 椰奶

coconut palm  see 见 COCONUT 1b. 

coconut shy n. Brit.  a fairground sideshow where balls are thrown to dislodge coconuts [英] (游乐场上以椰子为靶子的)投靶游戏 [SHY2]

cocoon /kəˈku:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a silky case spun by many insect larvae for protection as pupae (昆虫的)茧，卵袋，卵囊b  a similar structure made by other animals (其他动物做的)茧状物 2  a thing that encloses like a cocoon; a protective covering, esp. to prevent corrosion of metal equipment (尤指防止金属设备腐蚀的)防护膜，防护套 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. as 通常作 cocooned adj.)  wrap (as) in a cocoon; protect, enclose 把…紧紧包住，把…密封起来 2 tr.  spray with a protective coating 喷洒(保护性涂层) 3 intr.  form a cocoon 作茧 [French cocon from modern Provençal coucoun, diminutive of coca ‘shell’]

cocotte /kɒˈkɒt/ n.  1  a heatproof dish or small casserole in which food can be both cooked and served, often as an individual portion 小烧锅，沙锅(烧菜兼上菜用，一次只能作一客菜肴的) 2 archaic  a fashionable prostitute [古义] (时髦的高级)妓女 [French]

COD abbr. [缩略]  1  a  cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付款b N. Amer.  collect on delivery [北美]货到收款 2  Concise Oxford Dictionary 《简明牛津词典》

cod1 /kɒd/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any large marine fish of the family Gadidae, esp. Gadus morrhua, an important food fish 鳕鱼(鳕科海洋动物，为重要的食用鱼) [Middle English: origin unknown]

cod2 /kɒd/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. slang [俚语]  1  a parody 滑稽的模仿 2  a hoax 恶作剧，戏弄 3 (作 attrib.)  = MOCKadj.  ●v. (codded, codding) slang or dial. [俚语] [方]  1  a intr.  perform a hoax 戏弄，恶作剧b tr.  play a trick on; fool 愚弄，哄骗 2 tr.  parody 通过模仿来嘲弄 [19th c.: origin unknown]

cod3 /kɒd/ n. Brit. slang  nonsense [英] [俚语]废话，胡说八道 [abbreviation of CODSWALLOP]

coda /ˈkəʊdə/ n.  1 Mus.  the concluding passage of a piece or movement, usu. forming an addition to the basic structure 【音】(乐曲的)尾声 2 Ballet  the concluding section of a dance 【芭蕾舞】(舞蹈的)结尾段 3  a concluding event or series of events (文学作品中一系列事件的)尾声，结局 [Italian, from Latin cauda ‘tail’]

coddle /ˈkɒd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  a  treat as an invalid; protect attentively 悉心照料；娇养，溺爱b (foll. by 后跟 up) Brit.  strengthen by feeding [英] (通过喂养)使强壮 2  cook (an egg) in water below boiling point 用文火煮(鸡蛋) □ coddler  n.   [probably dialect variant of caudle ‘invalids' gruel’]

code /kəʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols, used to represent others for secrecy or brevity 代码，代号，暗号 2  a system of pre-arranged signals, esp. used to ensure secrecy in transmitting messages 密码；电码 3 Computing  a piece of program text 【计算】编码(计算机编制程序的成套指令) 4  a  a systematic collection of statutes, a body of laws so arranged as to avoid inconsistency and overlapping 法典，法规b  a set of rules on any subject. 准则，规范 5  a  the prevailing morality of a society or class (社会或阶层的)道德标准  code of honour  行为准则b  a person's standard of moral behaviour (个人的)道德行为标准 ●v.  1 tr.  put (a message, program, etc.) into code 把…编成密码(或代码) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for) Biochem.  be the genetic code for (an amino acid etc.) 【生化】(为氨基酸等)指定遗传密码 □ coder  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin CODEX]

code book n.  a list of symbols etc. used in a code 电码本，密码簿

code-breaker n.  a person who solves or breaks a code or codes 破译密码的人 □ code-breaking  n.  

codeine /ˈkəʊdi:n, -dii:n/ n.  an alkaloid derived from morphine and used to relieve pain 可待因(从吗啡中提取的一种生物碱，可用于镇痛) [Greek kōdeia ‘poppy-head’ + -INE4]

code name n. (also 亦作 code number)  a word or symbol (or number) used for secrecy or convenience instead of the usual name (为了保密或方便而使用的)代号 □ code-named  adj.  

codependency /kəʊdiˈpend(ə)nsi/ n.  mutual emotional dependency on fulfilling a supportive role in a relationship (感情等方面)相互依赖性 □ codependent  adj. & n.   [CO- + DEPENDENCY]

co-determination /ˌkəʊditɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  cooperation between management and workers in decision-taking 共同决策(指资方和工人在企业决策时的合作) [CO- + DETERMINATION, translating German Mitbestimmung]

codex /ˈkəʊdeks/ n. (pl. codices /ˈkəʊdisi:z, ˈkɒd-/ or codexes)  1  an ancient manuscript text in book form (古典书籍的)手抄本 2  a collection of pharmaceutical descriptions of drugs etc. 药典 [Latin, = block of wood, tablet, book]

codfish /ˈkɒdfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = COD1 

codger /ˈkɒdʒə/ n. (usu. in 通常用于 old codger) colloq.  a person, esp. an old or strange one [口]男人，(尤指)怪老头，老家伙 [perhaps a variant of cadger: see CADGE]

codices pl.  of CODEX  

codicil /ˈkɒdisil, ˈkəʊ-/ n.  an addition explaining, modifying, or revoking a will or part of one (立遗嘱后又进行说明、修改或撤消全部或部分内容的)遗嘱附件 □ codicillary  /kɒdiˈsiləri/ adj.   [Latin codicillus, diminutive of CODEX]

codicology /kəʊdiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of manuscripts 手稿学 □ codicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ codicologically  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [French codicologie from Latin codex codicis: see CODEX]

codify /ˈkəʊdifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  arrange (laws etc.) systematically into a code 把(法律等)编集成典 □ codification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ codifier  n.  

codling1 /ˈkɒdliŋ/ n. (also 亦作 codlin)  1 Brit.  any of several varieties of cooking apple, having a long tapering shape [英] (烹饪用的)锥形苹果 2 (in full 全称 codling moth)  a small moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, the larva of which feeds on apples 苹果蠹蛾(实蠹蛾属昆虫，其幼虫以苹果为食) [Middle English from Anglo-French quer de lion ‘lion-heart’]

codling2 /ˈkɒdliŋ/ n.  a small codfish 幼鳕鱼

codlings-and-cream n. Brit.  the great hairy willowherb, Epilobium hirsutum [英]柳兰(多毛柳叶菜属植物)

cod liver oil n.  an oil pressed from the fresh liver of cod, which is rich in vitamins D and A 鱼肝油

codomain /ˈkəʊdə(ʊ)mein/ n. Math.  a set that includes all the possible expressions of a given function 【数】上域，变程 [CO- + DOMAIN]

codon /ˈkəʊdɒn/ n. Biochem.  a sequence of three nucleotides, forming a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule 【生化】密码子(构成一种 DNA 或 RNA 遗传密码单位的一系列 3 个核苷酸) [CODE + -ON]

codpiece /ˈkɒdpi:s/ n. hist.  an appendage like a small bag or flap at the front of a man's breeches [史义]遮阴布(男子短马裤前面的遮袋或遮盖) [Middle English, from cod ‘scrotum’ + PIECE]

co-driver /ˈkəʊdraivə/ n.  a person who shares the driving of a vehicle with another, esp. in a race, rally, etc. (尤指赛车时轮流驾车的)接替驾驶员，副驾驶员

codswallop /ˈkɒdzwɒləp/ n. esp. Brit. slang  nonsense [尤英] [俚语]胡说八道，废话 [20th c.: origin unknown]

coecilian var.  of CAECILIAN  CAECILIAN 的变体

coed /ˈkəʊed, kəʊˈed/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  1 Brit.  a co-educational system or institution [英]男女合校制(或学校) 2 N. Amer.  a female student at a co-educational institution [北美] (男女合校的)女生 ●adj.  co-educational 男女合校的 [abbreviation]

co-education /ˌkəʊedju:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the education of pupils of both sexes together 男女合校制教育 □ co-educational  adj.  

coefficient /kəʊiˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ n.  1 Math.  a quantity placed before and multiplying an algebraic expression (e.g. 4 in 4xy) 【数】系数(如 4xy 中的 4) 2 Physics  a multiplier or factor that measures some property 【物理学】系数  coefficient of expansion  膨胀系数 [modern Latin coefficiens (as CO-, EFFICIENT)]

coelacanth /ˈsi:ləkænθ/ n.  a large bony marine fish, Latimeria chalumnae, with a three-lobed tail-fin and fleshy pectoral fins, thought to be related to the ancestors of land vertebrates and known only from fossils until 1938 空棘鱼类的鱼，腔棘鱼类的鱼(一种矛尾鱼属海洋硬骨鱼，其尾鳍为三瓣裂叶状，胸鳍则多肉，据说与陆上脊椎动物的祖先有亲缘关系) [modern Latin Coelacanthus, from Greek koilos ‘hollow’ + akantha ‘spine’]

-coele comb. form var.  of -CELE [构词成分] -CELE 的变体

coelenterate /si:ˈlent(ə)rət/ n.  an aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Coelenterata (now usu. called Cnidaria), typically having a simple tube-shaped or cup-shaped body, and including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones 腔肠动物(腔肠动物门，现通常称刺胞亚门动物，包括水母、珊瑚和海葵) [modern Latin Coelenterata, from Greek koilos ‘hollow’ + enteron ‘intestine’]

coeliac /ˈsi:liæk/ adj. (US [美] celiac) Med.  of or affecting the abdomen 【医】腹腔的 [Latin coeliacus from Greek koiliakos, from koilia ‘belly’]

coeliac disease n.  a disease in which chronic failure to digest food is triggered by hypersensititivy of the small intestine to gluten 乳糜泻

coelom /ˈsi:ləm/ n. (US [美] celom) (pl. -oms or -omata /-ˈləʊmətə/) Zool.  the principal body cavity in animals, between the intestinal canal and the body wall 【动】(动物的)体腔 □ coelomate  adj. & n.   [Greek koilōma ‘cavity’]

coelostat /ˈsi:lə(ʊ)stæt/ n. Astron.  an instrument with a rotating mirror that continuously reflects the light from the same area of sky allowing the path of a celestial object to be monitored 【天】定天镜(观测或拍摄天体时镜面与地轴一同转动，从而使图像固定不动) [Latin caelum ‘sky’ + -STAT]

coenobite /ˈsi:nəbait/ n. (US [美] cenobite)  a member of a monastic community (修道院的)住院修士 □ coenobitic  /-ˈbitik/ adj.  □ coenobitical  /-ˈbitik(ə)l/ adj.   [Old French cenobite or ecclesiastical Latin coenobita via Late Latin coenobium from Greek koinobion ‘convent’, from koinos ‘common’ + bios ‘life’]

coenzyme /ˈkəʊenzaim/ n. Biochem.  a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme 【生化】辅酶(酶发生作用所必需的一种非蛋白质化合物)

coenzyme A n.  a coenzyme derived from pantothenic acid, important in many biochemical reactions esp. respiration 辅酶 A(一种源自于泛酸的辅酶，在许多生化反应中、尤其在呼吸作用中不可缺少)

co-equal /kəʊˈi:kw(ə)l/ adj. & n. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语] ●adj.  equal with one another 相等的，同等的 ●n.  an equal 同等的人(或物) □ co-equality  /kəʊiˈkwɒliti/ n.  □ co-equally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin or ecclesiastical Latin coaequalis (as CO-, EQUAL)]

coerce /kəʊˈɜ:s/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  persuade or restrain (an unwilling person) by force 强迫，迫使；抑制，压制  coerced you into signing  强迫你签字 □ coercible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin coercēre ‘restrain’ (as CO-, arcēre ‘restrain’)]

coercion /kəʊˈɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of coercing 强制，压制 2  government by force 高压统治 □ coercive  adj.  □ coercively  adv.  □ coerciveness  n.   [Old French cohercion, -tion from Latin coer(c)tio, coercitio -onis (as COERCE)]

coercivity /kəʊəˈsiviti/ n. Physics  the resistance of a magnetic material to changes in magnetization, esp. measured as the field intensity necessary to demagnetize it when fully magnetized 【物理学】矫顽磁力，矫顽磁性

coeval /kəʊˈi:v(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having the same age or date of origin 同年龄的；同年代的 2  living or existing at the same epoch 同时代的，同时期的 3  having the same duration 同样持久的 ●n.  a coeval person, a contemporary 同时代的人 □ coevality  /-ˈvæliti/ n.  □ coevally  adv.   [Late Latin coaevus (as CO-, Latin aevum ‘age’)]

coexist /kəʊiɡˈzist/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  exist together (in time or place) (同时或同地)共存，共处 2 (esp. of nations) exist in mutual tolerance though professing different ideologies etc. (尤指意识形态等不同的国家)和平共处 □ coexistence  n.  □ coexistent  adj.   [Late Latin coexistere (as CO-, EXIST)]

coextensive /kəʊikˈstensiv/ adj.  extending over the same space or time 同等扩张(或延伸)的，(时空)共同的

C. of E. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Church of England 

coffee /ˈkɒfi/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a drink made from the roasted and ground beanlike seeds of a tropical shrub of the genus Coffea 咖啡，咖啡饮料b  a cup of this 一杯咖啡 2  a  the shrub yielding these seeds, one or more of which are contained in each berry 咖啡树b  these seeds raw, or roasted and ground 咖啡豆 3  a pale brown colour, as of coffee mixed with milk 咖啡色 ●adj.  light brown 咖啡色的 [ultimately from Turkish kahveh from Arabic ḳahwa]

coffee bar n.  a bar or café serving coffee and light refreshments from a counter 咖啡馆

coffee bean n.  the beanlike seeds of the coffee shrub 咖啡豆

coffee cup n.  a small cup for serving coffee 咖啡杯

coffee essence n. Brit.  a concentrated extract of coffee usu. containing chicory [英]咖啡精

coffee grinder n.  a small machine for grinding roasted coffee beans 咖啡豆研磨机

coffee house n.  a place serving coffee and other refreshments 咖啡馆

coffee-maker n.  = PERCOLATOR 

coffee mill n.  = COFFEE GRINDER 

coffee morning n. Brit.  a morning gathering at which coffee is served, often in aid of charity [英] (常指为慈善募款而举行的)咖啡早茶会

coffee nibs n. Brit.  coffee beans removed from their shells [英] (从豆荚中剥出的)咖啡豆

coffee shop n.  a small informal restaurant, esp. in a hotel or department store (尤指旅馆或商场中不正式的)小吃部，小饭馆

coffee table n.  a small low table 咖啡茶几，矮茶几

coffee-table book n.  a large lavishly illustrated book 精装大开本画册(多在咖啡茶几上作摆设用)

coffer /ˈkɒfə/ n.  1  a box, esp. a large strongbox for valuables (尤指装贵重物品的大而结实的)箱子，柜子；保险箱 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a treasury or store of funds 金库；资金 3  a sunken panel in a ceiling etc. (天花板等上凹陷的)花格镶板 □ coffered  adj.   [Middle English via Old French coffre and Latin cophinus from Greek kophinos ‘basket’]

coffer-dam n.  a watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit work below the waterline on building bridges etc., or for repairing a ship (修桥或修理船只时围起的)围堰

coffin /ˈkɒfin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long narrow usu. wooden box in which a corpse is buried or cremated 棺材，灵柩 2  the part of a horse's hoof below the coronet (马的)蹄槽 ●v. tr. (coffined, coffining)  put in a coffin 把…装入棺材 [Middle English via Old French cof(f)in ‘little basket’ etc. from Latin cophinus: see COFFER]

coffin-bone n.  a bone in a horse's hoof (马的)蹄骨

coffin corner n. Amer. Football  the corner formed by the goal line and sideline 【美式橄榄球】(球场上球门线与边线之间的)死角

coffin-joint n.  the joint at the top of a horse's hoof (马的)蹄关节

coffin-nail n. slang  a cigarette [俚语]香烟

coffle /ˈkɒf(ə)l/ n.  a line of animals, slaves, etc., fastened together (拴在一起的)一队动物(或奴隶等) [Arabic ḳɑˉfila ‘caravan’]

cog /kɒɡ/ n.  1  each of a series of projections on the edge of a wheel or bar transferring motion by engaging with another series (齿轮的)轮齿，轮牙；(传递运动的)连杆 2  an unimportant member of an organization etc. (团体等中)不重要但不可少的成员 □ cogged  adj.   [Middle English: probably of Scandinavian origin]

cogent /ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt/ adj. (of arguments, reasons, etc.) convincing, compelling (论点、推理等)有说服力的，令人信服的 □ cogency  n.  切题，中肯；说服力□ cogently  adv.   [Latin cogere ‘compel’ (as CO-, agere act- ‘drive’)]

cogitable /ˈkɒdʒitəb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be grasped by the mind; conceivable 可思考的，可想像的 [Latin cogitabilis (as COGITATE)]

cogitate /ˈkɒdʒiteit/ v. tr. & intr.  ponder, meditate 仔细思考，反复考虑；沉思 □ cogitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cogitative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ cogitator  n.   [Latin cogitare ‘think’ (as CO-, AGITATE)]

cogito /ˈkəʊɡitəʊ, -dʒi-/ n. Philos.  the principle establishing the existence of a being from the fact of its thinking or awareness 【哲】我思(法国哲学家笛卡尔“我思故我在”论点的简称) [Latin, = I think, in the French philosopher Descartes's formula (1641) cogito, ergo sum ‘I think, therefore I am’]

cognac /ˈkɒnjæk/ n.  a high-quality brandy, properly that distilled in Cognac in western France 科涅克上等白兰地(产于法国西部的科涅克一带)

cognate /ˈkɒɡneit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  related to or descended from a common ancestor (cf. 参见 AGNATE adj. 1) 同宗的，同族的，有亲属关系的 2 Philol. (of a word) having the same linguistic family or derivation (as another); representing the same original word or root (e.g. English father, German Vater, Latin pater) 【语文】(指单词)同源的，同根的(如英语的 father, 德语的 Vater 和拉丁语的 pater 是同源词) ●n.  1  a relative 亲属，亲戚 2 Philol.  a cognate word 【语文】同源词，同根词 □ cognately  adv.  □ cognateness  n.   [Latin cognatus (as CO-, natus ‘born’)]

cognate object n. Gram.  an object that is related in origin and sense to the verb governing it (as in live a good life) 【语法】同源宾语(如在 live a good life 短语中， life 是 live 的同源宾语)

cognition /kɒɡˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Philos.  knowing, perceiving, or conceiving as an act or faculty distinct from emotion and volition 【哲】(与情绪、意志等相对而言的)认识，认知行为；认知能力 2  a result of this; a perception, sensation, notion, or intuition 认识的结果；感知，感觉；概念；直觉 □ cognitional  adj.  □ cognitive  /ˈkɒɡnitiv/ adj.  □ cognitively  /ˈkɒɡnitivli/ adv.   [Latin cognitio (as CO-, gnoscere gnit- ‘apprehend’)]

cognitivist /ˈkɒɡnitivist/ adj.  tending to emphasize the similarities between linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge (倾向于)强调语言学与非语言学知识相似性的 □ cognitivism  n.   [COGNITIVE (see COGNITION) + -IST]

cognizable /ˈkɒ(ɡ)nizəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 -isable)  1  perceptible, recognizable; clearly identifiable 可感知的，可认知的 2  within the jurisdiction of a court 在法院审判权限内的，可受理的 □ cognizably  adv.   [COGNIZANCE + -ABLE]

cognizance /ˈkɒ(ɡ)niz(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 cognisance /-z(ə)ns/)  1  knowledge or awareness; perception, notice 认识；察觉；感知；注意 2  the sphere of one's observation or concern 观察范围；认识范围 3 Law  the right of a court to deal with a matter 【法律】审判权 4 Heraldry  a distinctive device or mark 【纹章学】识别标志，徽号 □ have cognizance of   know, esp. officially (尤指通过官方途径)获知□ take cognizance of   attend to; take account of 注意到；考虑到；受理 [Middle English from Old French conoisance, ultimately from Latin cognoscent- from cognitio: see COGNITION]

cognizant /ˈkɒ(ɡ)niz(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 cognisant /-z(ə)nt/) (foll. by 后跟 of)  having knowledge or being aware of 认识到的，察知的

cognomen /kɒɡˈnəʊmən/ n.  1  a nickname 别名，绰号 2  an ancient Roman's personal name or epithet, as in Marcus Tullius Cicero, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (古罗马人的)姓氏，第三名字(如 Marcus Tullius Cicero 中的 Cicero, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus 中的 Africanus) [Latin (as CO-, (g)nomen ‘name’)]

cognoscente /kɒnjəˈʃenti/ n. (pl. cognoscenti /-ti/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a connoisseur 博学者(尤指艺术等方面的专门家、行家或鉴赏家) [Italian, literally ‘a person who knows’]

cogwheel /ˈkɒɡwi:l/ n.  a wheel with cogs 嵌齿轮，钝齿轮

cohabit /kəʊˈhæbit/ v. intr. (cohabited, cohabiting)  live together, esp. as husband and wife without being married to one another (尤指未婚)同居；姘居 □ cohabitant  n.  □ cohabitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cohabitee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ cohabiter  n.   [Latin cohabitare (as CO-, habitare ‘dwell’)]

cohere /kə(ʊ)ˈhiə/ v. intr.  1 (of parts or a whole) stick together, remain united (指部分或整体)黏合，连结，凝聚 2 (of reasoning etc.) be logical or consistent (指推理等)合乎逻辑，连贯，前后一致 [Latin cohaerēre cohaes- (as CO-, haerēre ‘stick’)]

coherent /kə(ʊ)ˈhiər(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a person) able to speak intelligibly and articulately (指人)说话条理清楚的，连贯的 2 (of speech, an argument, etc.) logical and consistent; easily followed (指演讲、论点等)合乎逻辑的，前后一致的，易懂的 3  cohering; sticking together 有黏性的，黏在一起的 4 Physics (of waves) having a constant phase relationship 【物理学】(波等)相干的，相参的 □ coherence  n.  □ coherency  n.  □ coherently  adv.   [Latin cohaerēre cohaerent- (as COHERE)]

cohesion /kə(ʊ)ˈhi:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or condition of sticking together 黏合，结合b  a tendency to cohere 黏合性，聚合性 2 Physics  the sticking together of molecules of the same substance 【物理学】(相同物质分子的)内聚性，内聚力 □ cohesive  /-siv/ adj.  □ cohesively  /-sivli/ adv.  □ cohesiveness  /-sivnis/ n.   [Latin cohaes- (see COHERE), on the pattern of adhesion]

coho /ˈkəʊhəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 cohoe) (pl. -os or -oes)  a silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, of the N. Pacific 银大麻哈鱼，银鳟(一种较小的鲑科鱼，产于北太平洋) [19th c.: origin unknown]

cohort /ˈkəʊhɔ:t/ n.  1  an ancient Roman military unit, equal to one-tenth of a legion (古罗马)步兵大队(等于一个军团的 1/10) 2  a band of warriors 一队武士(士兵) 3  a  persons banded or grouped together, esp. in a common cause (尤指共同参与某事业的)一帮人，一伙人b  a group of persons with a common statistical characteristic (从统计学角度看)有共同属性的一组人 4 N. Amer.  a companion or colleague [北美]伙伴，同事 [Middle English from French cohorte or Latin cohors cohort- ‘enclosure, company’]■Usage 用法说明 Sense 4 of cohort, though quite common, especially in North American English, is criticized by many people and should be avoided. cohort 词条的释义 4 使用得虽然很普遍(尤其是在美国英语中)，但该用法却受到许多人的批评，故应尽量避免使用。 

COHSE /ˈkəʊzi/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) Confederation of Health Service Employees, merged with NALGO and NUPE in 1993 to form UNISON [缩略] [史义] (英国)医疗服务雇员联盟 (1993 年与 NALGO 和 NUPE 合并组建了 UNISON)

COI abbr. (in the UK) Central Office of Information [缩略] (英国)中央新闻署

coif /kɔif/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close-fitting cap, now esp. as worn by nuns under a veil 紧箍着头的帽子，(现尤指修女戴在头巾下的)贴头帽 2 esp. N. Amer.  a coiffure, esp. an elaborate one [尤北美] (尤指复杂精美的)发式，发型 3 hist.  a protective metal skullcap worn under armour [史义] (士兵戴在头盔里的)铁皮防护帽 ●v. tr. (coiffed, coiffing; US also [美亦] coifed, coifing)  1  a  dress or arrange (the hair) 做发型；梳头b  arrange the hair of (a person) 给…做发型 2  cover with or as if with a coif 给…戴贴头帽 [Middle English via Old French coife from Late Latin cofia ‘helmet’]

coiffeur /kwɑ:ˈfɜ:, kwɒ-/ n. (fem. coiffeuse /-ˈfɜ:z/)  a hairdresser (尤指为女子做头发的)男理发师 [French]

coiffure /kwɑ:ˈfjʊə, kwɒ-/ n.  the way hair is arranged; a hairstyle 发式，发型 □ coiffured  adj.   [French]

coign /kɔin/ n.   □ coign of vantage   a favourable position for observation or action (观察或行动的)有利位置，有利角度 [earlier spelling of COIN in the sense ‘cornerstone’]

coil1 /kɔil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  anything arranged in a joined sequence of concentric circles 卷，圈，匝 2  a length of rope, a spring, etc., arranged in this way (绳、弹簧等)螺旋圈 3  a single turn of something coiled, e.g. a snake 一圈，一卷，一匝(如蛇) 4  a lock of hair twisted and coiled (头发的一个)卷 5  an intrauterine contraceptive device in the form of a coil 子宫节育环 6 Electr.  a device consisting of a coiled wire for converting low voltage to high voltage, esp. for transmission to the sparking plugs of an internal-combustion engine 【电】(尤指传输到内燃机火花塞的)感应线圈 7  a piece of wire, piping, etc., wound in circles or spirals (盘绕的)电线；盘管 8  a roll of postage stamps 成卷发行的邮票 ●v.  1 tr.  arrange in a series of concentric loops or rings 卷，盘绕 2 tr. & intr.  twist or be twisted into a circular or spiral shape 盘绕，盘成环(或螺旋形) 3 intr.  move sinuously 蜿蜒 [Old French coillir from Latin colligere COLLECT1]

coil2 /kɔil/ n.   □ this mortal coil   the bustle or turmoil of earthly life (with reference to Shakespeare's Hamlet III. i. 67) 尘世的烦恼(源于莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的独白) [16th c.: origin unknown]

coin /kɔin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of flat usu. round metal stamped and issued by authority as money 硬币，钱币 2 (collect. 集合名词)  metal money 金属货币 ●v. tr.  1  make (coins) by stamping 铸币 2  make (metal) into coins 把(金属)铸成硬币 3  invent or devise (esp. a new word or phrase) 发明；创造；杜撰(尤指新词或短语) □ coin money (or coin it, coin it in)   make much money quickly 暴富，发横财□ to coin a phrase  iron.  introducing a banal remark or cliché [讽]套用一种陈词滥调 [Middle English from Old French, = stamping-die, from Latin cuneus ‘wedge’]

coinage /ˈkɔinidʒ/ n.  1  the act or process of coining 铸币，造币 2  a  coins collectively (总称)硬币b  a system or type of coins in use 硬币币制  decimal coinage  十进位硬币币制 bronze coinage  青铜钱币 3  an invention, esp. of a new word or phrase (尤指新词或短语的)创造，杜撰 [Middle English from Old French coigniage]

coin box n.  1 Brit.  a telephone operated by inserting coins [英]投币电话 2  the receptacle for these (自动电话的)投币盒

coincide /kəʊinˈsaid/ v. intr.  1  occur at or during the same time 同时发生 2  occupy the same portion of space 位置重合，同位，重叠 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be in agreement; have the same view 相符，相一致；持相同观点 [medieval Latin coincidere (as CO-, INCIDENT)]

coincidence /kəʊˈinsid(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  occurring or being together 同时发生，共同存在b  an instance of this 共存的事例 2  a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection (事件、情况等)巧合，巧事 3 Physics  the presence of ionizing particles etc. in two or more detectors simultaneously, or of two or more signals simultaneously in a circuit 【物理学】符合，重合(指两个或多个传感器中同时存在电离粒子或一个电路中同时存在两个或多个信号) [medieval Latin coincidentia (as COINCIDE)]

coincident /kəʊˈinsid(ə)nt/ adj.  1  occurring together in space or time 同时发生的；位置重合的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  in agreement; harmonious 相符的，一致的 □ coincidently  adv.  

coincidental /kəʊinsiˈdent(ə)l/ adj.  1  in the nature of or resulting from a coincidence 巧合的，碰巧的 2  happening or existing at the same time 同时发生的，同时存在的 □ coincidentally  adv.  

coiner /ˈkɔinə/ n.  1  a person who coins money, esp. Brit. the maker of counterfeit coin 铸币者；[尤英]伪造硬币者 2  a person who invents or devises something (esp. a new word or phrase) 发明者，创造者(尤指创造新词语)

coin-op n.  a launderette etc. with automatic machines operated by inserting coins (装有投币洗衣机的)自助洗衣店

Cointreau /ˈkwɑ:ntrəʊ/ n. propr.  a colourless orange-flavoured liqueur [商标]橘味白酒(源于商标名) [French]

coir /ˈkɔiə/ n.  fibre from the outer husk of the coconut, used for ropes, matting, in potting compost, etc. 椰壳粗纤维(用于编制绳、垫子或作盆栽用土等) [Malayalam kɑˉyar ‘cord’ from kɑˉyaru ‘be twisted’]

coition /kəʊˈiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med. 【医】  = COITUS  [Latin coitio from coire coit- ‘go together’]

coitus /ˈkəʊitəs/ n. Med.  sexual intercourse 【医】性交 □ coital  adj.  (有关)性交的 [Latin (as COITION)]

coitus interruptus /intəˈrʌptəs/ n.  sexual intercourse in which the penis is withdrawn before ejaculation 不完全性交，中断性交(指在射精前将阴茎抽出的性交)

Coke /kəʊk/ n. propr.  Coca-Cola [商标]可口可乐 [abbreviation]

coke1 /kəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid substance left after the gases have been extracted from coal 焦，焦炭 2  a residue left after the incomplete combustion of petrol etc. (汽油等未完全燃烧剩下的)残留物 ●v. tr.  convert (coal) into coke 使(煤)焦化，把(煤)炼成焦炭 [probably from northern English dialect colk ‘core’, of unknown origin]

coke2 /kəʊk/ n. slang  cocaine [俚语]可卡因 [abbreviation]

Col. abbr. [缩略]  1  Colonel  2  Colossians (New Testament) 《歌罗西书》(《圣经·新约》中的一卷)

col /kɒl/ n.  1  a depression in the summit-line of a chain of mountains, generally affording a pass from one slope to another 山口，山坳 2 Meteorol.  a low-pressure region between anticyclones 【气】鞍形区，鞍形点，中性点(天气图气压型中两槽两楔交错排列的地点) [French, = neck, from Latin collum]

col- /kɒl, kəl/ prefix  assim. form of COM- before l (在字母 l 前) COM- 的同化形式

col. abbr. [缩略]  column 

cola /ˈkəʊlə/ n. (also 亦作 kola)  1  any small tree of the genus Cola, native to W. Africa, bearing seeds containing caffeine 可乐果树(产于西部非洲) 2  a carbonated drink usu. flavoured with these seeds 可乐(通常含有可乐果籽味道的碳酸化饮料) [Temne (a language of Sierra Leone)]

colander /ˈkʌləndə/ n.  a perforated vessel used to strain off liquid in cookery (厨房里使用的)滤盆，滤锅；漏勺 [Middle English, ultimately from Latin colare ‘strain’]

cola nut n.  a seed of the cola tree 可乐果籽

co-latitude /kəʊˈlætitju:d/ n. Astron.  the complement of the latitude, the difference between it and 90° 【天】余纬(度)

colchicine /ˈkɒltʃisi:n, ˈkɒlk-/ n.  a yellow alkaloid obtained from colchicum, used in the treatment of gout 秋水仙碱，秋水仙素(从秋水仙中制取，用于治疗痛风症)

colchicum /ˈkɒltʃikəm, ˈkɒlk-/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Colchicum (lily family), esp. meadow saffron 秋水仙(百合科植物，尤指藏红花) 2  its dried corm or seed 秋水仙种子(或球茎) [Latin from Greek kolkhikon ‘of Kolkhis’, a region east of the Black Sea]

cold /kəʊld/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or at a low or relatively low temperature, esp. when compared with the human body (尤指相对于人的体温)冷的，寒冷的 2  not heated; cooled after being heated 未加热的；加热后变凉的 3 (of a person) feeling cold (指人)感觉冷的 4  lacking ardour, friendliness, or affection; undemonstrative, apathetic 冷淡的，不热情的，不友好的；无感情的，感情不外露的 5  depressing, dispiriting, uninteresting 令人沮丧的；气馁的，无趣味的  cold facts  残酷的事实 6  a  dead 死的b colloq.  unconscious [口]失去知觉的 7 colloq.  at one's mercy [口]任凭…摆布的，完全受…支配的  had me cold  把我牢牢地控制了起来 8  sexually frigid 缺乏性欲的，性冷淡的 9 (of soil) slow to absorb heat (指土壤)吸热慢的 10 (of a scent in hunting) having become weak (指打猎中的臭迹)隐淡的 11 (in children's games) far from finding or guessing what is sought (儿童游戏中)远离目标的，远未猜中的 12  without preparation or rehearsal 无准备的，事先未练习的 ●n.  1  a  the prevalence of a low temperature, esp. in the atmosphere (尤指大气层)冷，寒冷b  cold weather; a cold environment 冷天气，冷环境  went out into the cold  到寒冷的室外去 2  an infection in which the mucous membrane of the nose and throat becomes inflamed, causing running at the nose, sneezing, sore throat, etc. 感冒，伤风 ●adv.  1  unrehearsed, without preparation 无准备地，未经热身地 2 esp. US slang  completely, entirely [尤美] [俚语]完全地，彻底地  was stopped cold mid-sentence  说半句话就被叫停了 □ catch a cold   1  become infected with a cold 患感冒 2  encounter trouble or difficulties 遇到麻烦(或困难)□ cold call   sell goods or services by making unsolicited calls on prospective customers by telephone or in person (未经请求便打电话或登门)推销□ in cold blood   without feeling or passion; deliberately, ruthlessly 蓄意地；无感情地；残忍地□ out in the cold   ignored, neglected 被忽视，被冷落□ throw (or pour) cold water on   be discouraging or depreciatory about 泼冷水，使泄气□ coldish  adj.  微冷的，有点冷的□ coldly  adv.  □ coldness  n.   [Old English cald from Germanic, related to Latin gelu ‘frost’]

cold-blooded adj.  1  having a body temperature varying with that of the environment (e.g. of fish); poikilothermic 冷血的(指血液温度随环境温度的高低而改变，比如鱼) 2  callous; deliberately cruel 无情的，残酷的 □ cold-bloodedly  adv.  □ cold-bloodedness  n.  

cold cathode n.  a cathode that emits electrons without being heated 冷阴极

cold chisel n.  a chisel suitable for cutting metal (凿冷金属用的)冷凿，冷錾

cold comfort n.  poor or inadequate consolation 不起作用的安慰

cold cream n.  ointment for cleansing and softening the skin 冷霜，润肤膏

cold cuts n. pl.  slices of cold cooked meats (冷吃的)熟肉片，冷切肉

cold feet n. pl. colloq.  loss of nerve or confidence [口]害怕，胆怯；信心丧失

cold frame n.  an unheated frame with a glass top for growing small plants (种植幼小植物的)冷床，阳畦

cold front n.  the forward edge of an advancing mass of cold air (寒气流的)冷锋

cold-hearted adj.  lacking affection or warmth; unfriendly 冷淡的，无同情心的；不友好的 □ cold-heartedly  adv.  □ cold-heartedness  n.  

cold-short adj. (of a metal) brittle in its cold state (指金属)冷脆的 [Swedish kallskör, from kall ‘cold’ + skör ‘brittle’: assimilated to SHORT]

cold shoulder n. & v. ●n.  a show of intentional unfriendliness 冷淡，冷落 ●v. tr. (作 cold-shoulder)  be deliberately unfriendly to 冷待，冷落

cold snap  see 见 SNAP n. 4 

cold sore n.  inflammation and blisters in and around the mouth, caused by infection with herpes simplex virus (伤风、发烧时出现的)唇疮疹，嘴边疱疹

cold start n. & v. ●n.  1  the starting of an engine or machine at the ambient temperature (发动机或机器)冷启动 2  the starting of a process, enterprise, etc. without prior preparation (在无事先准备的情况下)创办事业(或企业等) ●v. tr. (作 cold-start)  start something at the ambient temperature or without prior preparation 冷启动；(在无事先准备的情况下)创办事业(或企业)

cold steel n.  cutting or thrusting weapons (刀剑等)利器

cold storage n.  1  storage in a refrigerator or other cold place for preservation 冷藏 2  a state in which something (esp. an idea) is put aside temporarily (尤指想法)搁置起来

cold store n.  a large refrigerated room for preserving usu. commercial food stocks at very low temperatures (通常指商业食品的)冷藏库

cold sweat n.  a state of sweating induced by fear or illness (由惊恐或疾病引起的)冷汗

cold table n. Brit.  a selection of dishes of cold food [英]精选冷盘食品

cold turkey n. slang [俚语]  1  abrupt withdrawal from addictive drugs; the symptoms of this 突然停止服用毒品；戒毒的症状 2 US  blunt statements or blunt treatment [美]直截了当的话；直截了当的处理

cold war n.  a state of hostility between nations without actual fighting 冷战(指国家之间没有实际战争的敌对状态)

cold wave n.  1  a temporary spell of cold weather over a wide area 寒潮 2  a kind of permanent wave for the hair using chemicals and without heat (用化学方法)冷烫的发卷

cole /kəʊl/ n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  1  cabbage 卷心菜，海甘蓝 2  = RAPE2  [Middle English via Old Norse kɑˊl from Latin caulis ‘stem, cabbage’]

colemouse var.  of COALMOUSE  COALMOUSE 的变体

coleopteran /kɒliˈɒpt(ə)r(ə)n/ n.  any insect of the order Coleoptera, comprising the beetles and weevils, which have the forewings modified into sheaths to protect the hindwings, and biting mouthparts 鞘翅目昆虫(包括甲虫和象鼻虫，其前翅为鞘状，对后翅起到保护作用，其口器能咬断食物) □ coleopterist  n.  □ coleopterous  adj.   [modern Latin Coleoptera from Greek koleopteros, from koleon ‘sheath’ + pteron ‘wing’]

coleoptile /kɒliˈɒptail/ n. Bot.  a sheath protecting a young shoot tip in grasses 【植】胚芽鞘 [Greek koleon ‘sheath’ + ptilon ‘feather’]

coleseed /ˈkəʊlsi:d/ n.  = COLE 2 

coleslaw /ˈkəʊlslɔ:/ n.  a dressed salad of sliced raw cabbage, carrot, onion, etc. 凉拌卷心菜丝(用卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱等加佐料拌制的一种生菜) [Dutch koolsla: see COLE, SLAW]

cole tit var.  of COAL TIT  COAL TIT 的变体

coleus /ˈkəʊliəs/ n.  a plant of the genus Solenostemon (formerly Coleus), having variegated coloured leaves 锦紫苏(鞘蕊花属植物，其叶上有斑驳的色彩) [modern Latin from Greek koleon ‘sheath’: from the way the stamens are joined together]

coley /ˈkəʊli/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit. [英]  = SAITHE  [perhaps from COALFISH]

colic /ˈkɒlik/ n.  a severe spasmodic abdominal pain 绞痛，急腹痛 □ colicky  adj.   [Middle English via French colique from Late Latin colicus: see COLON2]

Colin /ˈkɒlin/   科林 [人名]

coliseum /kɒliˈsi:əm/ n. (also 亦作 colosseum /kɒlə-/)  a large stadium or amphitheatre 大型体育场，大型露天剧场 [medieval Latin, neut. of colosseus ‘gigantic’ (as COLOSSUS)]■Usage 用法说明 Coliseum most commonly occurs in titles of buildings etc., and therefore with a capital initial. The name of the amphitheatre in Rome is spelt Colosseum while the names of these buildings in other countries are usually spelt Coliseum. coliseum 最常用于建筑物的名称，因而词首字母要大写。罗马的圆形露天剧场拼写为 Colosseum ，而其他国家的露天剧场则通常拼写为 Coliseum 。 

colitis /kəˈlaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of the lining of the colon 【医】结肠炎

Coll. abbr. [缩略]  College 

collaborate /kəˈlæbəreit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  work jointly, esp. in a literary or artistic production (尤指在文学或艺术创作方面)合作，协作 2  cooperate traitorously with an enemy 通敌，(与敌人)勾结 □ collaboration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ collaborationist  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)nist/ n. & adj.  通敌者(的)，与敌人合作者(的)□ collaborative  /-rətiv/ adj.  合作的，协作的；协力完成的□ collaboratively  /-rətivli/ adv.  □ collaborator  n.   [Latin collaborare collaborat- (as COM-, laborare ‘work’)]

collage /kɒˈlɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a form of art in which various materials (e.g. photographs, pieces of paper, fabric, or wood) are arranged and glued to a backing (把照片碎片、碎纸片、布片或木片等粘贴成画的)拼贴艺术 2  a work of art done in this way 拼贴画 3  a collection of unrelated things (互不相干事物的)大杂烩 □ collagist  n.   [French, = gluing]

collagen /ˈkɒlədʒ(ə)n/ n. Biochem.  the main structural protein found in animal connective tissue, yielding gelatin on boiling 【生化】胶原蛋白，生胶质 [French collagène, from Greek kolla ‘glue’ + -gène = -GEN]

collapsar /kəˈlæpsɑ:/ n. Astron.  an old star that has collapsed under its own gravity to form a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole 【天】坍缩星，黑洞

collapse /kəˈlæps/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the tumbling down or falling in of a structure; folding up; giving way 倒塌，坍塌；折叠；倒下 2  a sudden failure of a plan, undertaking, etc. (计划、事业等)突然失败 3  a physical or mental breakdown (身体或精神)垮掉，崩溃 ●v.  1  a intr.  undergo or experience a collapse 倒塌，坍塌b tr.  cause to collapse 使倒塌，使坍塌 2 intr. colloq.  lie or sit down and relax, esp. after prolonged effort [口] (尤指因精疲力尽而)瘫倒，倒下  collapsed into a chair  瘫倒在椅子上 3  a intr. (of furniture etc.) be foldable into a small space (家具等)折叠起来，套缩起来b tr.  fold (furniture) in this way 折叠(家具)，套缩(家具) □ collapsible  adj.  □ collapsibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin collapsus, past part. of collabi (as COM-, labi ‘slip’)]

collar /ˈkɒlə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the part of a shirt, dress, coat, etc., that goes round the neck, either upright or turned over 衣领，领子 2  a band of linen, lace, etc., completing the upper part of a garment 领圈 3  a band of leather or other material put round an animal's (esp. a dog's) neck (尤指狗的)颈圈 4  a restraining or connecting band, ring, or pipe in machinery (机器上用来固定或连接的)卡圈，箍，套管 5  a coloured marking resembling a collar round the neck of a bird or animal (鸟或动物颈部似衣领的)彩色斑纹 6 Brit.  a piece of meat rolled up and tied [英]肉卷 ●v. tr.  1  seize (a person) by the collar or neck 抓住(某人)的领口(或颈项) 2  capture, apprehend 理解；听懂 3 colloq.  accost [口]强留(某人)谈话，和…搭讪 4 slang  take, esp. illicitly [俚语]未经允许拿走(某物)；挪用 □ collared  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ collarless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French coler, Old French colier, from Latin collare, from collum ‘neck’]

collar-beam n.  a horizontal beam connecting two rafters and forming with them an A-shaped roof-truss 系梁(与两根椽木连接构成一个 A 字形桁架)

collarbone /ˈkɒləbəʊn/ n.  either of two bones joining the breastbone and the shoulder blades Also called 亦称作 clavicle 锁骨

collard /ˈkɒləd/ n. (also 亦作 collards, collard greens) N. Amer. & Brit. dial.  a variety of cabbage without a distinct heart [北美英] [方]羽衣甘蓝 [reduced form of colewort, from COLE + WORT]

collared dove n.  a dove, Streptopelia decaocto, having distinct neck-markings 灰斑鸠(其颈部有明显的斑纹)

collate /kɒˈleit/ v. tr.  1  analyse and compare (texts, statements, etc.) to identify points of agreement and difference 核对，校对(书、底稿等) 2  verify the order of (sheets of a book) by their signatures (装订前)检点，整理(印张) 3  assemble (information) from different sources 收集(不同来源的信息资料) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) Eccl.  appoint (a clergyman) to a benefice 【教会】委任(牧师)职务 □ collator  n.   [Latin collat-, past part. stem of conferre ‘compare’]

collateral /kɒˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  security pledged as a guarantee for repayment of a loan (贷款时的)抵押物，担保品 2  a person having the same descent as another but by a different line 旁系亲属，旁系血亲 ●adj.  1  descended from the same stock but by a different line 旁系的 2  side by side; parallel 并行的，平行的 3  a  additional but subordinate 附属的，附带的b  contributory 贡献的，起一份作用的c  connected but aside from the main subject, course, etc. 间接的，伴随的 □ collaterality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ collaterally  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin collateralis (as COM-, LATERAL)]

collateral damage n.  destruction or injury beyond that intended or expected, esp. in the vicinity of a military target (尤指在军事目标周围的)连带破坏，连带伤害

collateralize /kɒˈlæt(ə)r(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  secure (a loan, bonds, etc.) with collateral 以抵押品担保(贷款)

collation /kɒˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of collating 核对，校对 2  a RC Ch.  a light meal allowed during a fast 【天主教】(代替中、晚餐的)斋日点心b  a light informal meal 小吃 [Middle English from Old French from Latin collatio -onis (see COLLATE): sense 2a from Cassian's Collationes Patrum (= Lives of the Fathers) read by Benedictines and followed by a light meal]

colleague /ˈkɒli:ɡ/ n.  a fellow official or worker, esp. in a profession or business 同事；同僚 [French collègue from Latin collega (as COM-, legare ‘depute’)]

collect1 /kəˈlekt/ v., adj. & adv. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come together; assemble, accumulate 收集，采集；聚集；积累 2 tr.  systematically seek and acquire (books, stamps, etc.), esp. as a continuing hobby (尤指作为持久癖好而系统地)搜集，收藏(书籍、邮票等) 3  a tr.  obtain (taxes, contributions, etc.) from a number of people 征收(税款)；募集(捐款)b intr. colloq.  receive money [口]领取(救济金等) 4 tr.  call for; fetch 去取，拿走，收走  went to collect the laundry  去取送洗的衣服 5  a refl.  regain control of oneself esp. after a shock (尤指震惊后)使(自己)镇定下来b tr.  concentrate (one's energies, thoughts, etc.) 使(精力、思想等)集中c tr. (as 作 collected adj.)  calm and cool; not perturbed or distracted 冷静的，镇定的，泰然自若的 6 tr.  infer, gather, conclude 推断，猜测，做出结论 ●adj. & adv. N. Amer.  to be paid for by the receiver (of a telephone call, parcel, etc.) [北美] (电话)由受话人付费(的)；(包裹等)由收件人付费(的) □ collectedly  adv.   [French collecter or medieval Latin collectare from Latin collectus, past part. of colligere (as COM-, legere ‘pick’)]

collect2 /ˈkɒlekt, -likt/ n.  a short prayer of the Anglican and Roman Catholic Church, esp. one assigned to a particular day or season (基督教圣公会或天主教在特定日期或时节使用的)短祷文 [Middle English via Old French collecte from Latin collecta ‘gathering’, fem. past part. of colligere: see COLLECT1]

collectable /kəˈlektəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 collectible) ●adj.  1  worth collecting 值得收集的；值得收藏的 2  able to be collected 可收集的；可收藏的 ●n.  an item sought by collectors 收藏品 □ collectability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

collection /kəˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of collecting or being collected 收集，收藏 2  a group of things collected together (e.g. works of art, literary items, or specimens), esp. systematically (一批)收藏品，(一批)收集品(如艺术作品、文学作品或标本等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an accumulation; a mass or pile 聚集，积累；大堆，大量  a collection of dust  大量的灰尘 4  a  the collecting of money, esp. in church or for a charitable cause (尤指教堂或慈善事业的)募捐b  the amount collected 募集的款项 5  the regular removal of mail for dispatch, refuse for disposal, etc. 定期取走的信件；定期处理的垃圾 6 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  college examinations held at the end of a term, esp. at Oxford University [英] (尤指牛津大学的)学院期末考试 [Middle English via Old French from Latin collectio -onis (as COLLECT1)]

collective /kəˈlektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  formed by or constituting a collection 集合的，构成整体的 2  taken as a whole; aggregate 总的，合计的，  our collective opinion  我们集体的观点 3  of or from several or many individuals; common 集体的，集体所有的，共同的 ●n.  1  a  = COLLECTIVE FARM b  any cooperative enterprise 集体企业c  its members 集体企业人员 2  = COLLECTIVE NOUN  □ collectively  adv.  □ collectiveness  n.  □ collectivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [French collectif or Latin collectivus (as COLLECT1)]

collective bargaining n.  negotiation of wages etc. by an organized body of employees (劳方团体与资方就工资等问题进行的)集体谈判

collective farm n.  a jointly-operated esp. state-owned amalgamation of several smallholdings (尤指国有的)集体农场(或农庄)

collective memory n.  the memory of a group of people, often passed from one generation to the next 共同记忆，集体记忆(常常是一代人传给下一代人的记忆)

collective noun n. Gram.  a noun that is grammatically singular and denotes a collection or number of individuals (e.g. assembly 与会者 , family 家庭成员 , troop 部队战士) 【语法】(表示复数意义的单数名词)集合名词

collective ownership n.  ownership of land, means of production, etc., by all for the benefit of all (土地、生产资料等)集体所有(制)

collective unconscious n. Psychol. (in Jungian theory) the part of the unconscious mind which is derived from ancestral memory and experience, and is common to all humankind, as distinct from the individual's unconscious 【心】集体无意识(瑞士心理学家荣格的理论，指人类从祖先的记忆或经验中普遍继承来的那一部分意识，与个人无意识相对)

collectivism /kəˈlektiviz(ə)m/ n.  the theory and practice of the collective ownership of land and the means of production 集体主义 □ collectivist  n.  集体主义者□ collectivistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  集体主义制度的，集体主义者的

collectivize /kəˈlektivaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  organize on the basis of collective ownership 使集体化 □ collectivization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

collector /kəˈlektə/ n.  1  a person who collects, esp. things of interest as a hobby (尤指作为癖好的)收集者；收藏家 2  a person who collects money etc. due 收款员  tax collector  收税员 rent collector  收房租的人 3 Electronics  the region in a transistor that absorbs carriers of a charge 【电子学】集电极，收集极 [Middle English via Anglo-French collectour from medieval Latin collector (as COLLECT1)]

collector's item n. (also 亦作 collector's piece)  a valuable object, esp. one of interest to collectors 值得收藏的东西，珍品

colleen /kɒˈli:n, ˈkɒli:n/ n. Ir.  a girl [爱尔兰]女孩，姑娘 [Irish cailín, diminutive of caile ‘countrywoman’]

college /ˈkɒlidʒ/ n.  1  an establishment for further or higher education, sometimes part of a university 学院(有时属于大学的一部分) 2  an establishment for specialized professional education 职业学校，专科学校  business college  商业学院 college of music  音乐学院 naval college  海军学院 3 Brit.  the buildings or premises of a college [英]学院的建筑物  lived in college  住在学院里 4  the students and teachers in a college 学院的全体师生 5 Brit.  a private secondary school [英]私立中学 6  an organized body of persons with shared functions and privileges (具有共同的职责和特权的)学会，社团  College of Physicians  内科医生学会 [Middle English from Old French college or Latin collegium, from collega (as COLLEAGUE)]

College of Arms n. (in the UK) a corporation recording lineage and granting arms (英国)宗谱纹章院

college of education n.  a training college for schoolteachers 教育学院

college pudding n. Brit.  a small baked or steamed suet pudding with dried fruit [英]小葡萄干布丁

collegial /kəˈli:dʒiəl, -dʒ(ə)l/ adj.  1  = COLLEGIATE 1  2  relating to or involving shared responsibility, as among a group of colleagues (同事中)共同负责的 □ collegiality  /kəli:dʒiˈæliti/ n.  同事关系，同僚身份

collegian /kəˈli:dʒiən, -dʒ(ə)n/ n.  a member of a college 大学(或学院)的成员，大学生 [medieval Latin collegianus (as COLLEGE)]

collegiate /kəˈli:dʒ(i)ət/ adj.  1  of the nature of, constituted as, or belonging to, a college; corporate 大学的，学院的；属于学院的；团体的 2 (of a university) composed of different colleges (指大学)由学院组成的 3  designed for use by college students 供大学生使用的 □ collegiately  adv.   [Late Latin collegiatus (as COLLEGE)]

collegiate church n.  1  a church endowed for a chapter of canons but without a bishop's see 有牧师会组织(但无主教职位)的教会 2 US & Sc.  a church or group of churches established under a joint pastorate [美和苏格兰]联合教会(由两个以上的牧师共同主持的教会)

collenchyma /kəˈleŋkimə/ n. Bot.  a tissue of cells with thick cellulose cell walls, strengthening young stems etc. 【植】(能加固嫩茎干的)厚角组织 [Greek kolla ‘glue’ + egkhuma ‘infusion’]

Colles' fracture /ˈkɒlis/ n.  a fracture of the lower end of the radius with a backward displacement of the hand 科勒斯氏骨折(挠骨下端骨折) [A. Colles, Irish surgeon d. 1843]

collet /ˈkɒlit/ n.  1  a flange or socket for setting a gem in jewellery (戒指等)镶嵌钻石的底座 2 Engin.  a segmented band or sleeve put round a shaft or spindle and tightened to grip it 【工程】有缝夹套，套爪，筒夹 3  a small collar in a clock etc. to which the inner end of a balance spring is attached 游丝内桩(钟表中固定发条的金属环) [French, diminutive of COL]

collide /kəˈlaid/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  come into abrupt or violent impact (突然而猛烈地)碰撞，互撞 2  be in conflict 冲突，抵触 [Latin collidere collis- (as COM-, laedere ‘strike, damage’)]

collider /kəˈlaidə/ n. Physics  an accelerator in which two beams of particles are made to collide 【物理学】粒子撞击机(使两个粒子束发生撞击的加速器)

collie /ˈkɒli/ n.  1  a sheepdog originally of a Scottish breed, with a long pointed nose and usu. dense long hair 柯利牧羊犬(一种毛长嘴尖的牧羊犬，产于苏格兰) 2  this breed 柯利牧羊犬品种 [perhaps from coll COAL (the breed originally being black)]

collier /ˈkɒliə/ n.  1  a coal miner 煤矿工人 2  a  a coalship 运煤船b Brit.  a member of its crew [英]运煤船船员 [Middle English, from COAL + -IER]

colliery /ˈkɒliəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a coal mine and its associated buildings 煤矿(包括附属建筑)

colligate /ˈkɒliɡeit/ v. tr.  bring into connection (esp. isolated facts by a generalization) (尤指对孤立的事实)综合，概括，使产生联系 □ colligation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin colligare colligat- (as COM-, ligare ‘bind’)]

collimate /ˈkɒlimeit/ v. tr.  1  adjust the line of sight of (a telescope etc.) 校准(望远镜等) 2  make (telescopes or rays) accurately parallel 使(望远镜或光线)平行；使准直 □ collimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin collimare, erroneous for collineare ‘align’ (as COM-, linea ‘line’)]

collimator /ˈkɒlimeitə/ n.  1  a device for producing a parallel beam of rays or radiation 准直管，平行光管 2  a small fixed telescope used for adjusting the line of sight of an astronomical telescope etc. (望远镜)准直仪

collinear /kɒˈliniə/ adj. Geom. (of points) lying in the same straight line 【几】(指若干个点)共线的 □ collinearity  /-ˈæriti/ n.  

Collins /ˈkɒlinz/ n. (in full 全称 Tom Collins)  an iced drink made of gin or whisky etc. with soda, lemon or lime juice, and sugar 柯林斯酒(用杜松子或威士忌酒等加苏打水、柠檬汁和糖配制而成) [20th c.: origin unknown]

collision /kəˈliʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a violent impact of a moving body, esp. a vehicle or ship, with another or with a fixed object (尤指车船等)碰撞，互撞，碰撞事件 2  the clashing of opposed interests or considerations (利益或动机)冲突，抵触 3 Physics  the action of particles striking or coming together 【物理学】(粒子的)碰撞，撞击 □ collisional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin collisio (as COLLIDE)]

collision course n.  a course or action that is bound to cause a collision or conflict 导致(船只、飞机、导弹等)碰撞的航向；导致冲突的轨迹

collocate /ˈkɒləkeit/ v. tr.  1  place together or side by side 把…放在一起；排列 2  arrange; set in a particular place 安排，配置(于特定位置) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Linguistics  juxtapose (a word etc.) with another 【语言学】使(词语等)并置；使(词语等)搭配 [Latin collocare collocat- (as COM-, locare ‘to place’)]

collocation /kɒləˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Linguistics 【语言学】  a  the juxtaposition or association of a particular word with another particular word or words (词语等的)组合，组配b  the words so juxtaposed or associated 词组，搭配 2  the action of collocating; the state of being collocated 并置，排列；配置

collocutor /ˈkɒləkju:tə, kəˈlɒkjʊtə/ n.  a person who takes part in a conversation 谈话者，参与谈话者 [Late Latin, from colloqui (as COM-, loqui locut- ‘talk’)]

collodion /kəˈləʊdiən/ n.  a syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, used in photography and surgery (用于摄影或外科手术的)胶棉，火棉胶 [Greek kollōdēs ‘glue-like’, from kolla ‘glue’]

collogue /kɒˈləʊɡ/ v. intr. (collogues, collogued, colloguing) (foll. by 后跟 with)  talk confidentially 密谈，密谋 [probably alteration of obsolete colleague ‘conspire’, by association with Latin colloqui ‘converse’]

colloid /ˈkɒlɔid/ n.  1 Chem.  a non-crystalline substance consisting of ultramicroscopic particles, esp. large single molecules, usu. dispersed through a second substance, as in gels, sols, and emulsions 【化】胶体，胶质 2 Med.  a substance of a homogeneous gelatinous consistency 【医】匀质胶状物 □ colloidal  /kəˈlɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek kolla ‘glue’ + -OID]

collop /ˈkɒləp/ n.  a slice, esp. of meat or bacon; an escalope (尤指肉或咸肉)小块(片)；(小牛腿肉切成的)薄肉片 [Middle English, = fried bacon and eggs, of Scandinavian origin]

colloquial /kəˈləʊkwiəl/ adj.  belonging to or proper to ordinary or familiar conversation, not formal or literary 口语的，会话的，口头的；口语体的 □ colloquially  adv.   [Latin colloquium COLLOQUY]

colloquialism /kəˈləʊkwiəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a colloquial word or phrase 口语用词(或短语) 2  the use of colloquialisms 口语用法，口语体

colloquium /kəˈləʊkwiəm/ n. (pl. colloquiums or colloquia /-kwiə/)  an academic conference or seminar 学术讨论会，学术报告会 [Latin: see COLLOQUY]

colloquy /ˈkɒləkwi/ n. (pl. -quies)  1 formal [正式]  a  the act of conversing 交谈，会谈b  a conversation 谈话 2 Eccl.  a gathering for discussion of theological questions 【教会】(基督教长老会的)教务评议会 [Latin colloquium (as COM-, loqui speak)]

collotype /ˈkɒlətaip/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a thin sheet of gelatin exposed to light, treated with reagents, and used to make high-quality prints by lithography 珂罗版 2  a print made by this process 珂罗版印刷 [Greek kolla ‘glue’ + TYPE]

collude /kəˈl(j)u:d/ v. intr.  come to an understanding or conspire together, esp. for a fraudulent purpose (尤指以欺诈为目的)共谋，勾结，串通 □ colluder  n.   [Latin colludere collus- (as COM-, ludere lus- ‘play’)]

collusion /kəˈl(j)u:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a secret understanding, esp. for a fraudulent purpose 共谋，勾结，串通 2 Law  such an understanding between ostensible opponents in a lawsuit 【法律】(诉讼中表面上的对手之间的)串通，共谋 □ collusive  adj.  □ collusively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French collusion or Latin collusio (as COLLUDE)]

collyrium /kəˈliriəm/ n. (pl. collyria /-riə/)  a medicated eye-lotion 洗眼剂，洗眼液 [Latin from Greek kollurion ‘poultice’, from kollura ‘coarse bread roll’]

collywobbles /ˈkɒliwɒb(ə)lz/ n. pl. colloq. [口]  1  a rumbling or pain in the stomach 肠鸣；腹痛 2  a feeling of strong apprehension 紧张不安，担心 [fanciful, from COLIC + WOBBLE]

Colo. abbr.  Colorado [缩略] (美国)科罗拉多州

colobus /ˈkɒləbəs/ n.  any leaf-eating monkey of the genus Colobus, native to Africa, having shortened thumbs 疣猴，髯猴(疣猴属动物，拇指短小，以树叶为食，原产地为非洲) [modern Latin from Greek kolobos ‘docked’]

colocynth /ˈkɒləsinθ/ n. (also 亦作 coloquintida /kɒləˈkwintidə/)  1  a  a plant of the gourd family, Citrullus colocynthis, bearing a pulpy fruit 药西瓜(一种药用葫芦科植物)b  this fruit 药西瓜果实 2  a bitter purgative drug obtained from the fruit (从药西瓜中提取的苦味)泻药 [Latin colocynthis from Greek kolokunthis]

cologne /kəˈləʊn/ n. (in full 全称 cologne water)  eau de Cologne or a similar scented toilet water 古龙香水(商标名) [Cologne in Germany]

Colombia   哥伦比亚

Colombian /kəˈlʌmbiən/ adj. & n.  哥伦比亚的(人)

Colombo /kəˈlʌmbəu/ n.  科伦坡 [斯里兰卡首都]

colon1 /ˈkəʊlən/ n.  a punctuation mark (:), used esp. to introduce a quotation or a list of items or to separate clauses when the second expands or illustrates the first; also between numbers in a statement of proportion (as in 10:1) and in biblical references (as in Exodus 3:2) (标点符号)冒号(即 :) ；表示比率的符号 [Latin from Greek kōlon ‘limb, clause’]

colon2 /ˈkəʊlən, -lɒn/ n. Anat.  the greater part of the large intestine, from the caecum to the rectum 【解】结肠 □ colonic  /kəˈlɒnik/ adj.   [Middle English, ultimately from Greek kolon]

colonel /ˈkɜ:n(ə)l/ n.  1  an army officer in command of a regiment, immediately below a brigadier in rank (陆军)上校 2 US  an officer of corresponding rank in the Air Force [美]空军上校 3  = LIEUTENANT COLONEL  □ colonelcy  n. (pl. -ies)   [obsolete French coronel from Italian colonnello ‘column of soldiers’, from colonna COLUMN]

Colonel Blimp  see 见 BLIMP n. 1 

colonial /kəˈləʊniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colonies, esp. of a British Crown Colony 殖民地的；具有殖民地特点的(尤指英国政府直辖的殖民地)b  of colonialism 殖民主义的 2 (esp. of architecture or furniture) built or designed in, or in a style characteristic of, the period of the British colonies in America before independence (尤指建筑或家具)仿殖民地时期风格的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of a colony 殖民地居民 2  a house built in colonial style 仿殖民地时期风格的房屋 □ colonially  adv.  

colonial goose n. Austral. & NZ  a boned and stuffed roast leg of mutton [澳新] (中间塞有佐料的)去骨烤羊腿

colonialism /kəˈləʊniəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a policy of acquiring or maintaining colonies 殖民主义，殖民政策 2 derog.  this policy regarded as the esp. economic exploitation of weak or backward peoples by a larger power [贬] (尤指强国从经济上掠夺弱国的)殖民主义剥削 □ colonialist  n.  

colonist /ˈkɒlənist/ n.  a settler in or inhabitant of a colony 殖民地开拓者；殖民地居民

colonize /ˈkɒlənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  establish a colony or colonies in (a country or area) 在(某国或地区)建立殖民地b  settle as colonists 移居于殖民地 2 intr.  establish or join a colony 建立(或开拓)殖民地 3 tr. Biol. (of plants and animals) become established in (an area) 【生】(指动植物)移植于；移生于 □ colonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ colonizer  n.  

colonnade /kɒləˈneid/ n.  a row of columns, esp. supporting an entablature or roof (尤指支撑楣构或屋顶的)列柱，柱廊 □ colonnaded  adj.   [French, from colonne COLUMN]

colonoscopy /kɒləˈnɒskəpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an examination of the colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus 结肠镜检查 □ colonoscope  /kəˈlɒnəskəʊp/ n.  

colony /ˈkɒləni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a group of settlers in a new country (whether or not already inhabited) fully or partly subject to the mother country 移民队，殖民团b  the settlement or its territory 殖民；殖民地 2  a  people of one nationality or race or occupation in a city, esp. if living more or less in isolation or in a special quarter (城市中同国籍、同种族或同职业人的)聚居区，聚居地b  a separate or segregated group 隔离的人群；分开的居民  nudist colony  裸体营 3 Biol.  a community of animals or plants of one kind forming a physically connected structure or living close together 【生】(动、植物的)群体；集群 [Middle English from Latin colonia, via colonus ‘farmer’ from colere ‘cultivate’]

colophon /ˈkɒləf(ə)n/ n.  1  a publisher's device or imprint, esp. on the title-page (标题页上的)出版说明；出版社商标 2  a tailpiece in a manuscript or book, often ornamental, giving the writer's or printer's name, the date, etc. (说明作者、出版者或出版日期等的)装饰性书尾题署 [Late Latin from Greek kolophōn ‘summit, finishing touch’]

colophony /kəˈlɒfəni, ˈkɒləfəʊni/ n.  = ROSIN  [Latin colophonia ‘(resin) from Colophon’ (in Asia Minor)]

coloquintida var.  of COLOCYNTH  COLOCYNTH 的变体

color US var.  of COLOUR [美] COLOUR 的变体

Colorado /ˌkɒləˈrɑ:dəu/ n.  科罗拉多河 [北美洲]

Colorado beetle /kɒləˌrɑ:dəʊ ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n.  a yellow and black striped beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the larva of which is highly destructive to the potato plant 科罗拉多甲虫(瘦跗甲属昆虫，背上有黄黑色条纹，其幼虫可对土豆作物造成严重破坏) [Colorado in the US]

coloration /kʌləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 colouration)  1  colouring; a scheme or method of applying colour 着色(法)，染色(法) 2  the natural (esp. variegated) colour of living things or animals (生物斑驳的)天然色彩，色泽 [French coloration or Late Latin coloratio, from colorare COLOUR]

coloratura /kɒlərəˈtjʊərə, -ˈtʊ-/ n.  1  elaborate ornamentation of a vocal melody (声乐)花腔 2  a singer (esp. a soprano) skilled in coloratura singing (尤指女高音)花腔歌手 [Italian, from Latin colorare COLOUR]

colorific /kʌləˈrifik, kɒl-/ adj.  1  producing colour 产生颜色的，传色的 2  highly coloured 大肆渲染的，夸张的 [French colorifique or modern Latin colorificus (as COLOUR)]

colorimeter /kʌləˈrimitə, kɒl-/ n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity of colour 色度计，比色计 □ colorimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ colorimetry  n.   [Latin color COLOUR + -METER]

colossal /kəˈlɒs(ə)l/ adj.  1  of immense size; huge, gigantic 巨大的，庞大的 2 colloq.  remarkable, splendid [口]出色的，卓越的 3 Archit. (of an order) having more than one storey of columns 【建】(柱型)高大的，高大无比的 4 Sculpture (of a statue) about twice life size 【雕刻术】两倍于实体的；巨像的 □ colossally  adv.   [French, from colosse COLOSSUS]

colosseum var.  of COLISEUM  COLISEUM 的变体

colossus /kəˈlɒsəs/ n. (pl. colossi /-sai/ or colossuses)  1  a statue much bigger than life size 巨像(远远超过实体的雕像) 2  a gigantic person, animal, building, etc. 巨人；庞大动物；庞大建筑物 3  an imperial power personified (拟人化的)帝国，大国 [Latin from Greek kolossos]

colostomy /kəˈlɒstəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Surgery  an operation in which the colon is shortened to remove a damaged part and the cut end diverted to an opening in the abdominal wall 【外科】结肠造口术 [as COLON2 + Greek stoma ‘mouth’]

colostrum /kəˈlɒstrəm/ n.  the first secretion from the mammary glands occurring after giving birth, rich in antibodies (哺乳动物产后的)初乳 [Latin]

colotomy /kəˈlɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Surgery  an incision in the colon 【外科】结肠切开术 [as COLON2 + -TOMY]

colour /ˈkʌlə/ n. & v. ●n. (US [美] color)  1  a  the sensation produced on the eye by rays of light when resolved as by a prism, selective reflection, etc., into different wavelengths 色，颜色b  perception of colour; a system of colours (感知到的)色彩；(一系列)色彩 2  one, or any mixture, of the constituents into which light can be separated as in a spectrum or rainbow, sometimes including (loosely) black and white 彩色(如彩虹或光谱中的某种色彩) 3  a colouring substance, esp. paint 染料，颜料(尤指涂料) 4  the use of all colours, not only black and white, as in photography and television (摄影或电视)着色 5  a  pigmentation of the skin, esp. when dark 皮肤的颜色(尤指黑色)b  this as a ground for prejudice or discrimination (引起种族歧视的)肤色，有色人种的肤色 6  ruddiness of complexion 血色，气色，红润的面色  a healthy colour  健康的气色 7 (in pl. 用复数)  appearance or aspect 外表，外貌  see things in their true colours  看清事情的真实面目 8 (in pl. 用复数)  a Brit.  a coloured ribbon or uniform etc. worn to signify membership of a school, club, team, etc. [英] (作为学校、俱乐部、运动队等标志的)彩带；制服b  the flag of a regiment or ship (军团的)团旗；(轮船的)船旗c  a national flag 国旗 9  quality, mood, or variety in music, literature, speech, etc.; distinctive character or timbre (音乐的)音色，音品，音质；(文学的)特点，格调；(演讲的)气氛；特殊的性格(或素质) 10  a show of reason; a pretext 理由；借口  lend colour to  给…找理由 under colour of  以…为借口 11 Physics  a quantum number assigned to quarks and gluons in the theory of quantum chromodynamics 【物理学】(量子色动力学理论中为夸克和胶子规定的)量子数目 ●v.  1 tr.  apply colour to, esp. by painting or dyeing or with coloured pens or pencils 给…涂色；给…染色 2 tr.  influence 影响  an attitude coloured by experience  受经验影响的态度 3 tr.  misrepresent, exaggerate, esp. with spurious detail (尤指用伪造的细节)歪曲，渲染  a highly coloured account  严重歪曲了的报告 4 intr.  take on colour; blush 使生色；脸红 □ show one's true colours   reveal one's true character or intentions 露出真面目；暴露真实意图□ under false colours   falsely, deceitfully 伪装地，欺骗地□ with flying colours   see 见 FLYING  [Middle English via Old French color, colorer from Latin color, colorare]

colourable /ˈkʌlərəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] colorable)  1  specious, plausible 貌似有理的，似是而非的 2  counterfeit 假装的，骗人的 □ colourably  adv.  

colourant /ˈkʌlər(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] colorant)  a colouring substance 着色剂，染色剂；颜料；染料；色素

colouration var.  of COLORATION  COLORATION 的变体

colour bar n.  the denial of services and facilities to nonwhite people (对有色人种的)歧视；肤色障碍

colour-blind adj.  unable to distinguish certain colours 色盲的 □ colour-blindness  n.  

colour code n. & v. ●n.  the use of colours as a standard means of identification (用不同颜色作识别标记的)色标，色码 ●v. tr. (作 colour-code)  identify by means of a colour code 用色标来区别

coloured /ˈkʌləd/ adj. & n. (US [美] colored) ●adj.  1  having colour 有颜色的，彩色的 2 (often 常作 Coloured) often offens. [常冒犯]  a  wholly or partly of non-white descent 有色人种的b S. Afr.  of mixed white and non-white descent [南非]混血种的c  of or relating to coloured people 有色人种的  a coloured audience  黑人听众 ●n.  1 (often 常作 Coloured) often offens. [常冒犯]  a  a coloured person 黑人b S. Afr.  a person of mixed descent speaking Afrikaans or English as the mother tongue [南非] (以南非荷兰语或英语为母语的)混血儿 2 (in pl. 用复数)  coloured clothing etc. for washing (送洗的)彩色衣物■Usage 用法说明 The use of coloured to refer to people of racial groups not considered white is regarded as offensive by many people and should be avoided by using black, Asian, etc., as appropriate. 许多人认为用 coloured 来表示“非白色人种”是一种冒犯的做法，应避免使用。恰当的用语是 black, Asian 等。 

colour fast adj.  dyed in colours that will not fade or be washed out 不退色的，不掉色的 □ colour fastness  n.  

colourful /ˈkʌləfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] colorful)  1  having much or varied colour; bright 色彩鲜艳的；鲜明的 2  full of interest; vivid, lively 有趣的；生动的，活泼的 □ colourfully  adv.  □ colourfulness  n.  

colouring /ˈkʌləriŋ/ n. (US [美] coloring)  1  the process of or skill in using colour 着色(法)；着色技巧 2  the style in which a thing is coloured, or in which an artist uses colour 色调；(艺术家)运用色彩的风格 3  facial complexion 面色

colourist /ˈkʌlərist/ n. (US [美] colorist)  a person who uses colour, esp. in art (尤指在艺术方面)使用色彩者；色彩设计师

colourless /ˈkʌləlis/ adj. (US [美] colorless)  1  without colour 无色的 2  lacking character or interest 无特色的；平淡无奇的 3  dull or pale in hue 色彩暗淡的；苍白的 4  neutral, impartial, indifferent 中立的；无偏见的；冷漠的 □ colourlessly  adv.  

colour scheme n.  an arrangement or planned combination of colours esp. in interior design (尤指室内装修的)色彩调配(或设计)

colour-sergeant n.  the senior sergeant of an infantry company (步兵连的)掌旗军士

colour supplement n. Brit.  a magazine with coloured illustrations, issued as a supplement to a newspaper [英] (报纸等的)彩色增刊

colour temperature n. Astron. & Physics  the temperature at which a black body would emit radiation of the same colour as a given object 【天】【物理学】色温度

colour wash n. & v. ●n.  coloured distemper 胶画颜料；彩色涂料 ●v. tr. (作 colour-wash)  paint with coloured distemper 用胶画颜料绘制；用彩色涂料涂刷

colourway /ˈkʌləwei/ n. (US [美] colorway)  a coordinated combination of colours 色彩设计

coloury /ˈkʌləri/ adj. (US [美] colory)  having a distinctive colour, esp. as indicating good quality 有独特色泽的(尤指表明优等质量的色泽)

colposcopy /kɒlˈpɒskəpi/ n.  examination of the vagina and the neck of the womb 阴道及子宫颈检查 □ colposcope  /ˈkɒlpəˌskəʊp/ n.   [Greek kolpos ‘womb’ + -SCOPY]

colt /kəʊlt/ n.  1  a young uncastrated male horse, usu. less than four years old (通常指 4 岁以下的)未阉割的公马驹 2 Brit. Sport  a young or inexperienced player; a member of a junior team [英]【运动】(无经验的)新选手；(球类)青年队队员 □ colthood  n.  □ coltish  adj.  爱游戏的，蹦蹦跳跳的；不守纪律的□ coltishly  adv.  □ coltishness  n.   [Old English, = young ass or camel]

colter US var.  of COULTER [美] COULTER 的变体

coltsfoot /ˈkəʊltsfʊt/ n. (pl. coltsfoots)  a plant of the daisy family, Tussilago farfara, with large leaves and yellow flowers 款冬(一种阔叶开黄花的雏菊科植物)

colubrid /ˈkɒljʊbrid/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the large family Colubridae to which most non-venomous snakes belong 游蛇(科)的 ●n.  a snake of this family 游蛇 [Latin coluber ‘snake’ + -ID3]

colubrine /ˈkɒljʊbrain/ adj.  1  of the subfamily Colubrinae of colubrid snakes with solid teeth 游蛇亚科的 2  snakelike 似游蛇的，有游蛇特征的 [Latin colubrinus from coluber ‘snake’]

colugo /kəˈlu:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a flying lemur 猫猴，鼯猴(一种可以飞行的狐猴) [18th c.: origin unknown]

columbarium /kɒl(ə)mˈbɛəriəm/ n.  a room or building with niches and shelves for cinerary urns to be stored 地下骨灰瓮安放室 [Latin, = pigeon house (from columba ‘pigeon’)]

Columbine /ˈkɒl(ə)mbain/ n.  the partner of Harlequin in pantomime 科伦芭茵(意大利传统哑剧中丑角 Harlequin 的情人) [French Colombine from Italian Colombina, from colombino ‘dovelike’]

columbine /ˈkɒl(ə)mbain/ n.  an aquilegia, esp. Aquilegia vulgaris, which has purple-blue flowers 蓝花耧斗菜(耧斗菜属植物，开蓝紫色花) [Middle English via Old French colombine and medieval Latin colombina herba ‘dovelike plant’ from Latin columba ‘dove’ (from the supposed resemblance of the flower to a cluster of 5 doves)]

columbite /kəˈlʌmbait/ n. Chem.  an ore of niobium containing iron and magnesium 【化】(含铁和镁的)铌铁矿 [modern Latin Columbia, a poetic name for America, + -ITE1]

columbium /kəˈlʌmbiəm/ n. esp. N. Amer. Metallurgy [尤北美]【冶金学】  = NIOBIUM 

column /ˈkɒləm/ n.  1 Archit.  an upright cylindrical pillar often slightly tapering and usu. supporting an entablature or arch, or standing alone as a monument 【建】柱，支柱；圆柱；纪念柱 2  a structure or part shaped like a column 柱形建筑；柱形物 3  a vertical cylindrical mass of liquid or vapour (液体或气体的)水柱，烟柱 4  a  a vertical division of a page, chart, etc., containing a sequence of figures or words (数字)列；(文字)栏b  the figures or words themselves 数列；文字 5  a part of a newspaper regularly devoted to a particular subject (报纸的)专栏  gossip column  漫谈栏 6  a Mil.  an arrangement of troops in successive lines, deep from front to rear but of narrow width 【军】纵队b Naut.  a similar arrangement of ships 【海】(军舰的)纵阵，纵队 □ dodge the column  Brit. colloq.  shirk one's duty; avoid work [英口]逃避责任；躲避工作□ columnar  /kəˈlʌmnə/ adj.  □ columned  adj.   [Middle English from Old French columpne, Latin columna ‘pillar’]

column-inch n.  a quantity of print (esp. newsprint) occupying a one-inch length of a column 栏英寸(报刊中横占一栏，纵占一英寸的篇幅)

columnist /ˈkɒl(ə)m(n)ist/ n.  a journalist contributing regularly to a newspaper (报刊的)专栏作家

colure /kəˈljʊə/ n. Astron.  either of two great circles intersecting at right angles at the celestial poles and passing through the ecliptic at either the equinoxes or the solstices 【天】分至圈(在天极处成直角相交并在二分(春分和秋分)点或二至(夏至和冬至)点穿过黄道的两个大圈之一) [Middle English via Late Latin colurus from Greek kolouros ‘truncated’, so called because the lower part is cut off from view]

colza /ˈkɒlzə/ n.  = RAPE2  [French kolza(t) from Low German kōlsɑˉt (as COLE, SEED)]

Colón /kəˈləun/ n.  科隆 [巴拿马港市]

COM abbr.  computer output on microfilm or microfiche [缩略]计算机输出缩微胶片，计算机输出缩微平片

com- /kɒm, kəm/ prefix (also 亦作 co-, col-, con-, cor-)  with, together, jointly, altogether 与，和，共，全 [Latin com-, cum ‘with’]■Usage 用法说明 Com- is used before b, m, p, and occasionally before vowels and f; co- esp. before vowels, h, and gn; col- before l, cor- before r, and con- before other consonants. com- 用于字母 b 、 p 、 m 之前，有时也用于元音和 f 之前； co- 尤用于元音或字母 h 和 gn 之前； col- 用于字母 l 之前， cor- 用于字母 r 之前， con- 用于其他辅音字母之前。 

coma1 /ˈkəʊmə/ n. (pl. comas)  a prolonged deep unconsciousness, caused esp. by severe injury or excessive use of drugs (因重伤或服药过量造成的)昏迷 [medieval Latin from Greek kōma ‘deep sleep’]

coma2 /ˈkəʊmə/ n. (pl. comae /-mi:/)  1 Astron.  a cloud of gas and dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet 【天】彗发 2 Bot.  a tuft of silky hairs at the end of some seeds 【植】种缨(某些种子末端的绒毛) [Latin from Greek komē ‘hair of head’]

comatose /ˈkəʊmətəʊs, -z/ adj.  1  in a coma 昏迷的 2  drowsy, sleepy, lethargic 嗜睡的，没精打采的

comb /kəʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a toothed strip of rigid material for tidying and arranging the hair, or for keeping it in place 梳，梳子；发夹，发插 2  a part of a machine having a similar design or purpose (机器上的)梳状物 3  a  the red fleshy crest of a fowl, esp. a cock (尤指公鸡的)肉冠，鸡冠b  an analogous growth in other birds (其他鸟类的)鸡冠状物 4  a honeycomb 蜂巢 ●v. tr.  1  arrange or tidy (the hair) by drawing a comb through 梳，梳理(头发) 2  curry (a horse) 梳刷(马鬃等) 3  dress (wool or flax) with a comb 精梳(羊毛或亚麻) 4  search (a place) thoroughly 在(某处)仔细搜寻 □ comb out   1  tidy and arrange (the hair) loosely by combing 梳理，把(头发)梳通 2  remove with a comb (用梳子)梳掉 3  search or attack systematically 系统地搜寻(或进攻) 4  search out and get rid of (anything unwanted) 挑出，清除(不想要的东西)□ combed  adj.   [Old English camb, from Germanic]

combat /ˈkɒmbæt, ˈkʌ-, -ət/ n. & v. ●n.  a fight, struggle, or contest 战斗；斗争；格斗 ●v. (combated, combating)  1 intr.  engage in combat 参加战斗(格斗) 2 tr.  engage in combat with 与…战斗；与…搏斗 3 tr.  oppose; strive against 反对；反抗 [French, from combattre from Late Latin (as COM-, Latin batuere ‘fight’)]

combatant /ˈkɒmbət(ə)nt, ˈkʌm-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person engaged in fighting 参战者，战士；格斗者 ●adj.  1  fighting 战斗的 2  for fighting 准备战斗的

combat dress n.  a soldier's uniform worn for combat and field training, usu. of olive-green, camouflage, or khaki fabric 作训服(参加战斗或战地训练时穿的制服，通常为橄榄绿色、保护色或土黄色织物)

combat fatigue n.  1  mental disorder caused by stress in wartime combat 战斗疲劳症 2  see 见 FATIGUE n. 5 

combative /ˈkɒmbətiv, ˈkʌm-/ adj.  ready or eager to fight; pugnacious 斗志旺盛的；好斗的；好争吵的 □ combatively  adv.  □ combativeness  n.  

combe var.  of COOMB  COOMB 的变体

comber1 /ˈkəʊmə/ n.  1  a person or thing that combs, esp. a machine for combing cotton or wool very fine 梳刷者；(尤指梳理棉花或羊毛的)精梳机 2  a long curling wave; a breaker (海中的)卷浪，碎浪，浪花

comber2 /ˈkɒmbə/ n. Brit.  a fish of the perch family, Serranus cabrilla [英]海鲈(金鲈科鱼) [18th c.: origin unknown]

combi /ˈkɒmbi/ n.  a machine, appliance, etc. with a combined function or mode of action 多用机器，多用工具 often 常作 attrib.: combi oven  多用烤箱 [abbreviation of COMBINATION]

combination /kɒmbiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of combining; the process of being combined 结合，联合，混合 2  a combined state 结合状态，混合状态  in combination with  与…结合起来 3  a combined set of things or people 结合体，混合体；团体，集团 4  a sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock (开暗码锁用的)数字暗码，字母暗码 5 Brit.  a motorcycle with sidecar attached [英]附有边斗的摩托车 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a single undergarment for the body and legs 连衫裤 7  a group of things chosen from a larger number without regard to their arrangement (从众多事物中选出的)混合物 8  a  united action 联合行动b Chess  a coordinated and effective sequence of moves 【棋类】先后关联的几招妙棋 9 Chem.  a union of substances in a compound with new properties 【化】化合物 □ combinational  adj.  □ combinative  /ˈkɒmbinətiv/ adj.  □ combinatory  /ˈkɒmbinət(ə)ri/ adj.   [obsolete French combination or Late Latin combinatio (as COMBINE)]

combination lock n.  a lock that can be opened only by a specific sequence of movements 暗码锁，转字锁

combination oven n.  an oven operating by both conventional heating and microwaves 多用烤箱

combinatorial /ˌkɒmbinəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Math.  relating to combinations of items 【数】组合的，组合数学的

combine v. & n. ●v. /kəmˈbain/  1 tr. & intr.  join together; unite for a common purpose 结合；联合 2 tr.  possess (esp. disparate qualities) in combination (尤指不同性质)兼有，兼备  combines charm and authority  兼有魅力和权威 3  a intr.  coalesce in one substance 接合，合生b tr.  cause to do this 使接合，使合生c intr.  form a chemical compound 化合 4 intr.  cooperate 合作 5 /ˈkɒmbain/ tr.  harvest (crops etc.) by means of a combine harvester 用联合收割机收割(庄稼等) ●n. /ˈkɒmbain/  1  a combination of esp. commercial interests to control prices etc. (尤指为操纵物价而结成的)联合企业 2  = COMBINE HARVESTER  □ combinable  /kəmˈbainəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French combiner or Late Latin combinare (as COM-, Latin bini ‘two’)]

combine harvester n.  a mobile machine that reaps and threshes in one operation 康拜因，联合收割机

combing /ˈkəʊmiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of COMB v. 用于 COMB 的动词各释义 2 (in pl. 用复数)  hairs combed off 梳下的毛发

combing wool n.  long-stapled wool, suitable for combing and making into worsted (适合于精梳并制成精纺毛纱的)长纤维毛

combining form n. Gram.  a form of a word used (only) in compounds in combination with another element to form a word (e.g. Anglo- = English in Anglo-Irish, bio- = life in biology, -graphy = writing in biography) 【语法】构词成分(如在 Anglo-Irish 中 Anglo- 表示 English, 在 biology 中 bio- 表示 life, 在 biography 中 -graphy 表示 writing)■Usage 用法说明 In this dictionary, combining form is used of an element that contributes to the particular sense of words (as with both elements of biography), as distinct from a prefix or suffix that adjusts the sense of or determines the function of words (as with un-, -able, and -ation). 本词典中， combining form 指在单词中有特定意义的构词成分(如 biography 中的 bio- 和 -graphy 两个构词成分)，以区别于改变词义或词性的前缀或后缀(如 un- ， -able 和 -ation) 。 

comb-jelly n.  a ctenophore 栉水母

combo /ˈkɒmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang [俚语]  1  a small jazz or dance band 小爵士乐队，小舞蹈乐队 2  a combination; a combined unit 结合；联合体 [abbreviation of COMBINATION + -O]

combs /kɒmz/ n. pl. colloq.  combinations (see 见 COMBINATION 6) [口]连衫裤

combust /kəmˈbʌst/ v. tr.  subject to combustion 烧，使燃烧 [obsolete combust (adj.) from Latin combustus past part. (as COMBUSTION)]

combustible /kəmˈbʌstib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  capable of or used for burning 可燃的，易燃的；用于燃烧的 2  excitable; easily irritated 易激动的，易怒的 ●n.  a combustible substance 可燃物，易燃物 □ combustibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French combustible or medieval Latin combustibilis (as COMBUSTION)]

combustion /kəmˈbʌstʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  burning; consumption by fire 燃烧，消耗燃料 2 Chem.  the development of light and heat from the chemical combination of a substance with oxygen 【化】(物质与氧气化合产生光和热的)燃烧过程 □ combustive  adj.   [Middle English via French combustion or Late Latin combustio from Latin comburere combust- ‘burn up’]

combustion chamber n.  a space in which combustion takes place, e.g. of gases in a boiler-furnace or fuel in an internal-combustion engine 燃烧室(如锅炉中的燃气或内燃机中的燃油)

come /kʌm/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past came /keim/; past part. come)  1  move, be brought towards, or reach a place thought of as near or familiar to the speaker or hearer 来，过来，来到  come and see me  来看望我 shall we come to your house?  我们到你家来吗？ the books have come  书已经到了 2  reach or be brought to a specified situation or result 进入(某种状态)，形成，带来  you'll come to no harm  你不会受到伤害的 have come to believe it  开始相信它 has come to be used wrongly  开始被误用 came into prominence  开始出名 3  reach or extend to a specified point 达到，至(某一点)  the road comes within a mile of us  那条路在离我们 1 英里的范围之内 4  traverse or progress 横过，越过；前进 with compl. 与补足语连用 : have come a long way  大老远地赶来 5  a  get to be in a certain condition 变成，造成  how did you come to break your leg?  你的腿是怎么弄折的？b (of time) arrive in due course (指时间)到来，来临  the day soon came  那一天很快就来到了 6  take or occupy a specified position 取得…名次，居…位置  it comes on the third page  这项内容在第 3 页上面 came second in the race  在比赛中获第 2 名 Nero came after Claudius  尼禄在克劳迪斯之后上台 it does not come within the scope of the inquiry  这不在调查的范围之内 7  become perceptible or known 使感知到，使知晓  the church came into sight  教堂进入了视野 the news comes as a surprise  消息传来使人们大吃一惊 it will come to me  我会知道这件事的 8  be available 可得到，可供应  the dress comes in three sizes  这种连衣裙有 3 种尺码 this model comes with optional features  这种样机具有任选的特性 9  become 变成 with compl. 与补足语连用 : the handle has come loose  把手松动了 won't come clean  弄不干净 10 (foll. by 后跟 of, from)  a  be descended from 是…的后裔，出身于  comes of a rich family  出身于一个富有的家庭b  be the result of 出自，产生于  that comes from complaining  那是抱怨的结果 11 (foll. by 后跟 from)  a  originate in; have as its source 来自，起源于b  have as one's home 生于…家庭 12 colloq.  play the part of; behave like [口]扮演…角色，举止像… with compl. 与补足语连用 : don't come the bully with me  不要跟我无理取闹 13 slang  have a sexual orgasm [俚语]达到性高潮 14 (in subjunctive 用虚拟语气) colloq.  when a specified time is reached [口]当某个时刻来临时  come next month  到下个月 15 (also 亦作 come, come!) (as 作 int.)  expressing caution or reserve 嗨！喂！得啦！ (表示“引起注意或不耐烦”)  come, it cannot be that bad  得啦，事情不可能有那么糟糕 ●n. slang  semen ejaculated at a sexual orgasm [俚语] (性器官射出的)精液 □ as...as they come   typically or supremely so 极…的  is as tough as they come  极坚韧的□ come about   happen; take place 发生，产生□ come across   1  meet or find by chance 碰见，偶然遇见  came across an old jacket  偶然看见一件旧夹克 2 colloq.  be effective or understood; give a specified impression [口]起作用；被理解；给人以某种印象 3 (foll. by 后跟 with) slang  hand over what is wanted [俚语]交给，交付□ come again  colloq. [口]  1  make a further effort 进一步努力 2 (as 作 imper.)  what did you say? 请再说一遍□ come along   1  make progress; move forward 进步，进展 2 (as 作 imper.)  hurry up 快点，赶快□ come and go   1  pass to and fro; be transitory 来来往往；昙花一现 2  pay brief visits 作短暂访问□ come apart   fall or break into pieces; disintegrate 破碎，崩溃，分裂□ come at   1  reach, discover; get access to 达到；发现；得到 2  attack 攻击，袭击  came at me with a knife  持刀向我袭来□ come away   1  become detached or broken off 脱离，脱落  came away in my hands  从我的手中脱落掉 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  be left with (a feeling, impression, etc.) 带着(某种感觉、印象等)离去  came away with many misgivings  离开时带着许多疑虑□ come back   1  return 回来，归来 2  recur to one's memory 回想起 3  become fashionable or popular again 重新流行 4 N. Amer.  reply, retort [北美]回答；反驳□ come before   be dealt with by (a judge etc.) 被交由(法官等)处理□ come between   1  interfere with the relationship of 离间…的关系 2  separate; prevent contact between 分开；防止…接触□ come by   1  pass; go past 从…(旁边)经过 2  call on a visit 访问，看望  why not come by tomorrow?  为什么不明天来看望呢？ 3  acquire, obtain 获得，得到  came by a new bicycle  弄到一辆新自行车□ come clean   see 见 CLEAN □ come down   1  come to a place or position regarded as lower 下来，落下 2  lose position or wealth 落泊，潦倒  has come down in the world  已经落泊了 3  be handed down by tradition or inheritance 流传下来；继承下来 4  be reduced; show a downward trend 减少；下降，下跌  prices are coming down  物价下跌了 5 (foll. by 后跟 against, in favour of, etc.)  reach a decision or recommendation 做出决定；提出建议  the report came down against change  该报告宣布反对变革 6 (foll. by 后跟 to)  signify or betoken basically; be dependent on (a factor) 可归结为；取决于(某个因素)  it comes down to who is willing to go  这归结起来是谁乐意去的问题 7 (foll. by 后跟 on)  criticize harshly; rebuke, punish 申斥，责骂；惩罚 8 (foll. by 后跟 with)  begin to suffer from (a disease) 染上(疾病)□ come for   1  come to collect or receive 来收取，来领取 2  attack 攻击，袭击  came for me with a hammer  用锤子朝我打过来□ come forward   1  advance 前进 2  offer oneself for a task, post, etc. 自告奋勇(承担任务、职位等)□ come in   1  enter a house or room 进来，进入 2  take a specified position in a race etc. (比赛等)取得…名次  came in third  取得第 3 名 3  become fashionable or seasonable 流行，时兴；正当时令 4  a  have a useful role or function 有…用途，派…用场b (with compl. 与补足语连用)  prove to be 证明是  came in very handy  证明是非常方便的c  have a part to play 起作用  where do I come in?  我在什么地方才能发挥作用呢？ 5  be received 被收到  more news has just come in  刚刚收到更多的消息 6  begin speaking, esp. in radio transmission (尤指无线电广播)开始播音 7  be elected; come to power 当选，掌权，执政 8 Cricket  begin an innings 【板球】开局 9 (foll. by 后跟 for)  receive; be the object of (usu. something unwelcome) 受到，遭到(通常不好的事情)  came in for much criticism  受到很多的批评 10 (foll. by 后跟 on)  join (an enterprise etc.) 加入，参加(企业等) 11 (of a tide) turn to high tide (潮水)上涨；涨潮 12 (of a train, ship, or aircraft) approach its destination (火车、轮船、飞机)到达目的地 13  return to base 返回基地  come in, number 9  9 号，返回基地□ come into   1  see 见 senses 2, 7 of v.  2  receive, esp. as heir (尤作为继承人)继承，得到□ come near   see 见 NEAR □ come of age   see 见 AGE □ come off   1 colloq. (of an action) succeed; be accomplished [口] (指行动)成功，完成 2 (with compl. 与补足语连用)  fare; turn out 进展，结果是  came off badly  结果很糟糕 came off the winner  结果是赢家 3 Brit. coarse slang  have a sexual orgasm [英] [粗俗俚语]达到性高潮 4  be detached or detachable (from) 脱落，分离 5 Brit.  fall (from) [英]从…上跌下 6  be reduced or subtracted from 从…中减去  £ 5 came off the price  价格降了 5 英镑□ come off it  (as 作 imper.) colloq.  an expression of disbelief or refusal to accept another's opinion, behaviour, etc. [口]住口，别胡扯；住手，别乱来□ come on   1  continue to come 继续到来 2  advance, esp. to attack 前进，(尤指)上前攻击 3  make progress; thrive 进步，改善；兴盛  is really coming on  真的正在改善 4 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) Brit.  begin [英]开始  it came on to rain  下起雨来了 5  appear on the stage, field of play, etc. 出场(登场、上场等) 6  be heard or seen on television, on the telephone, etc. (在电视上)露面；(在电话上)被听见 7  arise to be discussed 被提出讨论 8 (as 作 imper.)  expressing encouragement (表示鼓励)来吧，快点吧，跟我来 9  = come upon □ come out   1  emerge; become known 出现，显露  it came out that he had left  大家发现他已经离去了 2  appear or be published 发表，出版  comes out every Saturday  每星期六出版一次 3  a  declare oneself as being for or against something; make a decision 宣布赞成(或反对)；决定  came out in favour of joining  宣布赞成联合b  openly declare something (esp. that one is a homosexual) 公开声明(尤宣布自己是同性恋者) 4 Brit.  go on strike [英]举行罢工 5  a  be satisfactorily visible in a photograph etc., or present in a specified way (照片等)照得很清楚；(人)上相  the dog didn't come out  那只狗在照片上照得不清楚 he came out badly  他不上相b (of a photograph) be produced satisfactorily or in a specified way (照片)显影清楚  only three have come out  只有 3 张显影清楚的 they all came out well  所有照片显影效果都很好 6  attain a specified result in an examination etc. (在考试等中)取得…成绩 7 (of a stain etc.) be removed (污迹等)除去，消失 8  make one's debut in society 初进社交界 9 (foll. by 后跟 in)  be covered with 布满  came out in spots  布满了斑点 10 (of a problem) be solved (问题)被解决 11 (foll. by 后跟 with)  declare openly; disclose 公开宣布，透露□ come over   1  come from some distance or nearer to the speaker 从较远处来；到说话者跟前来  came over from Paris  从巴黎来的 come over here a moment  过来一下 2  change sides or one's opinion 改变立场(或观点) 3  a (of a feeling etc.) overtake or affect (a person) (指感觉等)打动某人；影响某人b Brit. colloq.  feel suddenly [英口]突然感到  came over faint  突然感到头晕 4  appear or sound in a specified way 显得，听起来  you came over very well  你显得气色很好 the ideas came over clearly  那些思想听起来很明白□ come round (or US also [美亦] around)   1  pay an informal visit 顺便访问 2  recover consciousness 苏醒 3  be converted to another person's opinion 转变观点(同意他人看法) 4 (of a date or regular occurrence) recur; be imminent again (日期或经常发生的事情)再度降临，再次发生□ come through   1  be successful; survive 成功；安然度过 2  be received by telephone (通过电话)传来 3  survive or overcome (a difficulty) 安然度过危机；克服困难  came through the ordeal  安然度过了一场磨难□ come to   1 (also 亦作 refl.)  recover consciousness 苏醒，清醒 2 Naut.  bring a vessel to a stop 【海】使(轮船)停住，停驶 3  reach in total; amount to 总数为，总计达 4 Brit. colloq.  stop being foolish [英口]别再冒傻气 5  have as a destiny; reach 命中注定会，达到…结果  what is the world coming to?  这个世界将会变成什么样子？□ come to hand   become available; be recovered 到手；重新得到□ come to light   see 见 LIGHT1 □ come to nothing   have no useful result in the end; fail 落空，失败□ come to pass   happen, occur 发生，出现□ come to rest   cease moving 停止移动，停止转动□ come to one's senses   see 见 SENSE □ come to that  colloq.  in fact; if that is the case [口]事实上；假如那样的话□ come under   1  be classified as or among 被包括在…之内；可在…下查到 2  be subject to (influence or authority) 受…的影响(或支配)□ come up   1  come to a place or position regarded as higher 上来，上升 2  attain wealth or position 发财；升迁  come up in the world  社会地位上升 3  a (of an issue, problem, etc.) arise; present itself; be mentioned or discussed (问题等)出现，发生；被提出，被讨论b (of an event etc.) occur, happen (事件等)发生，出现  coming up next on BBC1  (事件)随后将在英国广播公司第 1 套节目中报道 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  approach a person, esp. to talk (尤指为攀谈而)走近，走上前b (US also often foll. by [美亦]常后跟 on)  approach or draw near to a specified time, event, etc. (时间、事件等)即将到来  is coming up to eight o'clock  快要 8 点钟了 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  match (a standard etc.) 达到(某个标准等) 6 (foll. by 后跟 with)  produce (an idea etc.), esp. in response to a challenge (尤指在响应挑战时)想出(主意等) 7 (of a plant etc.) spring up out of the ground (指植物等)从地里长出 8  become brighter (e.g. with polishing); shine more brightly 变得更明亮(如擦亮)；闪着更亮的光□ come up against   be faced with or opposed by 碰到，遭到(反对)□ come upon   1  meet or find by chance 碰见，偶然发现 2  attack by surprise 袭击□ come what may   no matter what happens 无论如何，无论发生了什么□ have it coming to one  colloq.  be about to get one's deserts [口] (即将受到应得的惩罚等)活该，应得□ how come?  colloq.  how did that happen? [口]怎么会出这种事？□ if it comes to that   in that case 既然如此，假如那样的话□ to come   future; in the future 未来的，将来的  the year to come  未来的一年 many problems were still to come  还有许多问题将会出现 [Old English cuman from Germanic]

come-at-able /kʌmˈætəb(ə)l/ adj.  reachable, accessible 可达到的，可接近的，可得到的

comeback /ˈkʌmbæk/ n.  1  a return to a previous (esp. successful) state 恢复到原来(尤指成功)的状态；东山再起 2 slang  a retaliation or retort [俚语]报复；反驳 3 Austral.  a sheep bred from cross-bred and pure-bred parents for both wool and meat [澳]回交种羊

Comecon /ˈkɒmikɒn/ n. hist.  an economic association of East European countries [史义] (东欧国家)经济互助委员会 [abbreviation of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance]

comedian /kəˈmi:diən/ n.  1  a humorous entertainer on stage, television, etc. (舞台、电视等中的)滑稽演员，小丑 2  an actor in comedy 喜剧演员 3 slang  a buffoon; a foolish person [俚语]粗俗而愚蠢的人，傻瓜 [French comédien from comédie COMEDY]

comedienne /kəmi:diˈen, -me-/ n.  a female comedian 女喜剧演员，女滑稽演员 [French fem (as COMEDIAN)]

comedist /ˈkɒmədist/ n.  a writer of comedies 喜剧作家

comedo /ˈkɒmidəʊ, kəˈmi:dəʊ/ n. (pl. comedones /-ˈdəʊni:z/) Med.  a blackhead 【医】粉刺，黑头粉刺 [Latin, = glutton, from comedere ‘eat up’ (a name formerly given to parasitic worms, with reference to the wormlike matter which can be squeezed from a blackhead)]

comedown /ˈkʌmdaʊn/ n.  1  a loss of status; decline or degradation 落泊，潦倒，失势 2  a disappointment 沮丧，失望

comedy /ˈkɒmidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a play, film, etc., of an amusing or satirical character, usu. with a happy ending (戏剧、电影等)喜剧b  the dramatic genre consisting of works of this kind (cf. 参见 TRAGEDY 3) 喜剧体裁，喜剧作品  she excels in comedy  她擅长喜剧 2  an amusing or farcical incident or series of incidents in everyday life 喜剧性事件 3  humour, esp. in a work of art etc. (尤指艺术作品等中的)幽默，喜剧成分 □ comedic  /kəˈmi:dik, -ˈme-/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French comedie and Latin comoedia from Greek kōmōidia, kōmōidos ‘comic poet’, via kōmos ‘revel’]

comedy of manners n.  satirical portrayal of social behaviour, esp. of the upper classes 风尚喜剧(一种描写和讽刺社会时尚，尤其是上层社会时尚的喜剧)

come-hither attrib. adj. colloq. (of a look or manner) enticing, flirtatious [口] (指外表或举止)勾引的，诱惑的，调情的

comely /ˈkʌmli/ adj. (comelier, comeliest) (usu. of a woman) pleasant to look at (通常指女人)标致的，好看的 □ comeliness  /ˈkʌmlinis/ n.   [Middle English cumelich, cumli probably from becumelich, from BECOME]

come-on n. slang  a lure or enticement [俚语]引诱，诱惑

comer /ˈkʌmə/ n.  1  a person who comes, esp. as an applicant, participant, etc. 来者(尤指前来申请者、参加者等)  offered the job to the first comer  把工作给了先来的人 2 colloq.  a person likely to be a success [口]有希望成功的人

comestible /kəˈmestib(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) formal or joc.  food [正式] [诙]食物，食品 [Middle English via French and medieval Latin comestibilis from Latin comedere comest- ‘eat up’]

comet /ˈkɒmit/ n.  a small body of ice and dust moving around the solar system in an eccentric orbit, visible in the night sky with a tail of gas and dust when near the sun (and historically considered a supernatural omen) 彗星 □ cometary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French comete and Latin cometa from Greek komētes ‘long-haired (star)’]

come-uppance /kʌmˈʌp(ə)ns/ n. colloq.  one's deserved fate or punishment [口]报应，应得的惩罚  got his come-uppance  (他)遭到了报应 [COME + UP + -ANCE]

comfit /ˈkʌmfit/ n. archaic  a sweet consisting of a nut, seed, etc. coated in sugar [古义]糖果，蜜饯 [Middle English via Old French confit from Latin confectum, past part. of conficere ‘prepare’: see CONFECTION]

comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  consolation; relief in affliction 安慰，慰藉 2  a  a state of physical well-being; being comfortable 舒适，安逸  live in comfort  过着安逸的生活b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  things that make life easy or pleasant 使生活舒适的东西  has all the comforts  拥有所有使生活舒适的物品 3  a cause of satisfaction 满足的原因  a comfort to me that you are here  你在这儿使我感到满足 4  a person who consoles or helps one 给以安慰(或帮助)的人  he's a comfort to her in her old age  他在她老年时给了她安慰 5 US dial.  a warm quilt [美方] (暖和的)被子 ●v. tr.  1  soothe in grief; console 安慰，慰藉 2  make comfortable 使舒适，使舒服  comforted by the warmth of the fire  温暖的火炉让人感到舒适 □ comforting  adj.  □ comfortingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French confort(er) from Late Latin confortare ‘strengthen’ (as COM-, Latin fortis ‘strong’)]

comfortable /ˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  ministering to comfort; giving ease 使舒服的，使舒适的  a comfortable pair of shoes  一双舒适的鞋子 2  free from discomfort; at ease 轻松的，自在的  I'm quite comfortable, thank you  我很舒服，谢谢你 3 colloq.  having an adequate standard of living; free from financial worry [口]宽裕的，小康的，无经济负担的 4  having an easy conscience 舒坦的，内心平静的  did not feel comfortable about refusing him  因拒绝他而感到心里不平静 5  with a wide margin 充裕的，相当大的  a comfortable win  绝对优势的胜利 ●n. US dial.  a warm quilt [美方] (温暖的)棉被 □ comfortableness  n.  □ comfortably  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French confortable (as COMFORT)]

comforter /ˈkʌmfətə/ n.  1  a person who comforts 安慰者 2 Brit.  a baby's dummy [英] (婴儿用的)橡皮奶头 3 archaic  a woollen scarf [古义]羊毛围巾 4 N. Amer.  a warm quilt [北美] (温暖的)棉被 [Middle English from Anglo-French confortour, Old French comfortëor (as COMFORT)]

comfortless /ˈkʌmfətlis/ adj.  1  dreary, cheerless 枯燥无味的，郁郁不乐的 2  without comfort 不舒适的

comfort station n. N. Amer. euphem.  a public lavatory [北美婉]公共厕所

comfrey /ˈkʌmfri/ n. (pl. -eys)  a plant of the genus Symphytum (borage family), esp. S. officinale, which has large hairy leaves and clusters of usu. white or purple bell-shaped flowers 聚合草(合生花属植物，叶阔多毛，开白色或紫色钟形花朵) [Middle English from Anglo-French cumfrie, ultimately from Latin conferva (as COM-, fervēre ‘boil together, heal’, referring to the plant's medicinal use)]

comfy /ˈkʌmfi/ adj. (comfier, comfiest) colloq.  comfortable [口]舒服的，舒适的 □ comfily  adv.  □ comfiness  n.   [abbreviation]

comic /ˈkɒmik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  of, or in the style of, comedy 喜剧的，具喜剧特征的  a comic actor  喜剧演员 comic opera  喜剧歌剧 2  causing or meant to cause laughter; funny 使人发笑的，滑稽的  comic to see his struggles  看他挣扎使人发笑 ●n.  1  a professional comedian (职业)喜剧演员 2  a  a children's periodical, mainly in the form of comic strips (儿童)连环漫画册b  a similar publication intended for adults (成人)连环漫画册c (in pl. 用复数) US  comic strips [美] (报刊上的)连环漫画栏 [Latin comicus from Greek kōmikos, from kōmos ‘revel’]

comical /ˈkɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  funny; causing laughter 滑稽的，使人发笑的 □ comicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ comically  adv.   [COMIC]

comic opera n.  1  an opera with much spoken dialogue, usu. with humorous treatment 喜歌剧 2  this genre of opera 喜歌剧体裁

comic strip n.  a horizontal series of drawings in a comic, newspaper, etc. telling a story (报刊上的)连环漫画

coming /ˈkʌmiŋ/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1  approaching, next 即将来临的，下一个的  in the coming week  在下星期 this coming Sunday  即将来临的这个星期日 2  of potential importance 可能重要的，有前途的  a coming man  前程远大的人 ●n.  arrival; approach 到达，来临 □ coming and going (or comings and goings)   activity, esp. intense (尤指频繁的)活动□ not know if one is coming or going   be confused from being very busy 忙得不可开交

Comintern /ˈkɒmintɜ:n/ n.  the Third International (see 见 INTERNATIONAL n. 2), a communist organization (1919 － 43) 第三国际，共产国际 [Russian Komintern from the Russian forms of communist, international]

comitadji /kɒmiˈtædʒi/ n. (also 亦作 komitadji, komitaji)  a member of an irregular band of soldiers in the Balkans (巴尔干半岛的)非正规军士兵，游击队队员 [Turkish komitaci, literally ‘member of a (revolutionary) committee’]

comity /ˈkɒmiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  courtesy, civility; considerate behaviour towards others 礼貌，礼让，体谅他人的行为 2  a  an association of nations etc. for mutual benefit 国际大家庭(指国家之间为了共同利益而结成的联盟)b (in full 全称 comity of nations)  the mutual recognition by nations of the laws and customs of others 国际礼让(指互相尊重对方的法律、习惯等) [Latin comitas from comis ‘courteous’]

comma /ˈkɒmə/ n.  1  a punctuation mark (,) indicating a pause between parts of a sentence, or dividing items in a list, string of figures, etc. (标点符号)逗号(即，) 2 Mus.  a definite minute interval or difference of pitch 【音】间歇；音差 3 (in full 全称 comma butterfly)  a butterfly, Polygonia c-album, with a white comma-shaped mark on the underside of the hindwing 银纹多角蛱蝶(因后翅底面有逗号形斑点而得名) [Latin from Greek komma ‘clause’]

comma bacillus n.  a comma-shaped bacillus causing cholera 逗点形菌，霍乱弧菌(能引起霍乱病的逗点形细菌)

command /kəˈmɑ:nd/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  give formal order or instructions to 命令，指示  commands us to obey  命令我们服从 commands that it be done  指示这件事必须完成 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  have authority or control over 管辖，控制 3 (often 常作 refl.)  restrain, master 抑制，征服 4  gain the use of; have at one's disposal or within reach (skill, resources, etc.) 拥有，掌握(技巧、资源等)  commands an extensive knowledge of history  掌握了广泛的历史知识 commands a salary of £ 40,000  拥有 4 万英镑的薪水 5  deserve and get (sympathy, respect, etc.) 值得，应得；博得(同情、尊重等) 6 Mil.  dominate (a strategic position) from a superior height; look down over 【军】俯临(战略要塞)，俯瞰 ●n.  1  an authoritative order; an instruction 命令，指挥 2  mastery, control, possession 掌握，控制，拥有  a good command of languages  熟练掌握多种语言 has command of the resources  控制了资源 3  the exercise or tenure of authority, esp. naval or military (尤指海军或陆军)指挥权的行使，指挥权的授予  has command of this ship  有权指挥这艘军舰 4 Mil. 【军】  a  a body of troops etc. 部队  Bomber Command  轰炸机兵团b  a district under a commander (在一个指挥官管辖下的)防区，军区  Western Command  西部防区 5 Computing 【计算】  a  an instruction causing a computer to perform one of its basic functions 指令，命令b  a signal initiating such an operation 指令信号 □ at command   ready to be used at will 可自由支配的□ at (or by) a person's command   in pursuance of a person's bidding 服从某人，听从某人的吩咐□ in command of   commanding; having under control 控制着，掌握着□ under command of   commanded by 由…指挥，在…的指挥下□ word of command   1 Mil.  an order for a movement in a drill etc. 【军】军令，(操练等动作的)口令 2  a pre-arranged spoken signal for the start of an operation (事先规定好的)开始信号 [Middle English via Anglo-French comaunder, Old French comander from Late Latin commandare COMMEND]

commandant /kɒmənˈdænt, ˈkɒməndænt; -ɑ:nt/ n.  a commanding officer, esp. of a particular force, military academy, etc. (尤指军队兵种的)指挥官，司令；(陆军军官学校的)校长 □ commandantship  n.   [French commandant, or Italian or Spanish commandante (as COMMAND)]

Commandant-in-Chief n. Brit.  the supreme commandant [英]总司令，最高指挥官

command economy n.  = PLANNED ECONOMY 

commandeer /kɒmənˈdiə/ v. tr.  1  seize (men or goods) for military purposes 强征(某人)入伍；征集(物品)作军用 2  take possession of without authority 强占，强取 [South African Dutch kommanderen from French commander COMMAND]

commander /kəˈmɑ:ndə/ n.  1  a person who commands , esp. 尤指 : 指挥官，司令官a  a naval officer next in rank below captain 海军中校b  = WING COMMANDER c  an officer in charge of a London police district (伦敦警务厅的)高级警官 2 (in full 全称 knight commander)  a member of a higher class in some orders of knighthood 高级骑士(爵士) 3  a large wooden mallet 大木槌 □ commandership  n.   [Middle English via Old French comandere, -eör from Romanic (as COMMAND)]

commander-in-chief n. (pl. commanders-in-chief)  the supreme commander, esp. of a nation's forces (尤指全国武装力量的)总司令

Commander of the Faithful n.  a title of a caliph 大主教(伊斯兰国家哈里发的称号)

commanding /kəˈmɑ:ndiŋ/ adj.  1  dignified, exalted, impressive 威严的，崇高的，引人注目的 2 (of a hill or other high point) giving a wide view (指山峰或其他制高点)视域广阔的 3 (of an advantage, a position, etc.) controlling; superior (有利条件、职位等)支配的，较高的  has a commanding lead  遥遥领先 □ commandingly  adv.  

commandment /kəˈmɑ:n(d)m(ə)nt/ n.  a divine command (上帝的)戒律，戒条 [Middle English from Old French comandement (as COMMAND)]

command module n.  the control compartment in a spacecraft (航天器的)指挥舱

commando /kəˈmɑ:ndəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mil. 【军】  1 (often 常作 Commando)  a  a unit of British amphibious shock troops (英国)两栖突击部队b  a member of such a unit 突击队队员c  a similar unit or member of such a unit elsewhere (其他地方的)两栖突击队 2  a  a party of men called out for military service 应征入伍的一组人b  a body of troops 部队 3 (作 attrib.)  of or concerning a commando 突击队的  a commando operation  一次突击队军事行动 [Portuguese, from commandar COMMAND]

Command Paper n. (in the UK) a paper laid before Parliament by command of the Crown (in practice, by the Government) (英国)敕令书(奉国王之命向议会提出的文件)

command performance n. (in the UK) a theatrical or film performance given by royal command (英国)御前演出，奉国王之命举行的演出

command post n.  the headquarters of a military unit (军事单位的)指挥所

comme ci, comme ça /kɒmˌsi: kɒmˈsɑ:/ adv. & adj.  so so; middling or middlingly 一般的(地)，中等的(地) [French, = like this, like that]

commedia dell'arte /kɒˈmeidiə delˈɑ:tei, 意 kɔmˈme:dia dɛlˈlartɛ/ n.  an improvised kind of popular comedy in Italian theatres in the 16th － 18th c., based on stock characters 即兴喜剧 (16 至 18 世纪流行于意大利的一种程式化喜剧) [Italian, = comedy of art]

comme il faut /ˌkɒm i:l ˈfəʊ, 法 kɔm il fo/ adj. & adv. ●predic. adj. (esp. of behaviour, etiquette, etc.) proper, correct. (尤指行为、礼节等)适当的，合礼仪的 ●adv.  properly, correctly 适当地，合礼仪地 [French, = as is necessary]

commemorate /kəˈmeməreit/ v. tr.  1  celebrate in speech or writing (用演讲或书面形式)庆祝 2  a  preserve in memory by some celebration 纪念b (of a stone, plaque, etc.) be a memorial of (石头、奖章等)作为…的纪念物 □ commemorative  /kəˈmem(ə)rətiv/ adj.  □ commemorator  n.   [Latin commemorare (as COM-, memorare ‘relate’ from memor ‘mindful’)]

commemoration /kəmeməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act of commemorating 纪念，庆祝 2  a service or part of a service in memory of a person, an event, etc. (对人、事件等的)纪念仪式，庆祝仪式 [Middle English from French commemoration or Latin commemoratio (as COMMEMORATE)]

commence /kəˈmens/ v. tr. & intr. formal  begin [正式]开始 [Middle English via Old French com(m)encier from Romanic (as COM-, Latin initiare INITIATE)]

commencement /kəˈmensm(ə)nt/ n. formal [正式]  1  a beginning 开始 2 esp. N. Amer.  a ceremony of degree conferment [尤北美]学位授予典礼 [Middle English from Old French (as COMMENCE)]

commend /kəˈmend/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  entrust, commit 委托，把…托付给  commends his soul to God  把他的灵魂托付给上帝 2  praise 表扬，称赞  commends her singing voice  称赞她的歌声 3 (often 常作 refl.)  recommend 推荐  idea commends itself  观点不言自明 has much to commend it  这件事很值得推荐 □ commend me to  archaic  remember me kindly to [古义]替我向…问候□ highly commended  (of a competitor etc.) just missing the top places (参赛选手等)离得奖只差一点点的 [Middle English from Latin commendare (as COM-, mendare = mandare ‘entrust’: see MANDATE)]

commendable /kəˈmendəb(ə)l/ adj.  praiseworthy 值得表扬的，值得称赞的 □ commendably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin commendabilis (as COMMEND)]

commendation /kɒmenˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act of commending or recommending (esp. a person to another's favour) 托付，推荐(尤指人) 2  praise 表扬，称赞 [Middle English via Old French from Latin commendatio (as COMMEND)]

commendatory /kɒˈmendət(ə)ri/ adj.  commending, recommending 表扬的，称赞的；推荐的 [Late Latin commendatorius (as COMMEND)]

commensal /kəˈmens(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Biol.  of, relating to, or exhibiting commensalism 【生】共栖的 2 (of a person) eating at the same table as another (指人)共餐的，同桌的 ●n.  1 Biol.  a commensal organism 【生】共栖体 2  a person who eats at the same table as another 共餐者，同桌者 □ commensality  /kɒmənˈsæliti/ n.   [Middle English from French commensal or medieval Latin commensalis (in sense 2) (as COM-, mensa ‘table’)]

commensalism /kəˈmens(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Biol.  an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm 【生】共栖(现象)

commensurable /kəˈmenʃ(ə)rəb(ə)l, -sjə-/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  measurable by the same standard 可用同一标准衡量的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  proportionate to 相当的，相称的 3 Math. (of numbers) in a ratio equal to the ratio of integers 【数】(数)可通约的，可公度的；有公度的 □ commensurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ commensurably  adv.   [Late Latin commensurabilis (as COM-, MEASURE)]

commensurate /kəˈmenʃ(ə)rət, -sjə-/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  having the same size, duration, etc.; coextensive 大小相同的，持续时间相等的；做同等延伸的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  proportionate 相当的，相称的 □ commensurately  adv.   [Late Latin commensuratus (as COM-, MEASURE)]

comment /ˈkɒment/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a remark, esp. critical; an opinion 评论(尤指批评性评论)；意见  passed a comment on her hat  对她的帽子进行评论b  commenting; criticism 议论；非议，流言蜚语  his behaviour aroused much comment  他的行为引起了许多非议 an hour of news and comment  1 小时的新闻与评论 2  a  an explanatory note (e.g. on a written text) (对文章的)注解；评注b  written criticism or explanation (e.g. of a text) (书面)评论，评述 3 (of a play, book, etc.) a critical illustration; a parable (剧本、书等)评论性说明；写照  his art is a comment on society  他的艺术是社会的写照 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon, or that + clause)  make (esp. critical) remarks 进行(尤指批评性)评论  commented on her choice of friends  对她的择友评头论足 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  write explanatory notes 做注解；做评注 □ no comment  colloq.  I decline to answer your question [口]无可奉告□ commenter  n.   [Middle English from Latin commentum ‘contrivance’ (in Late Latin also = interpretation), neut. past part. of comminisci ‘devise’, or in later use from French commenter (v.)]

commentary /ˈkɒmənt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a set of explanatory or critical notes on a text etc. (对著作等的)系统注释，评注 2  a descriptive spoken account (esp. on radio or television) of an event or a performance as it happens (尤指广播或电视上的)实况评述 [Latin commentarius, -ium (adj. used as a noun) (as COMMENT)]

commentate /ˈkɒmənteit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  act as a commentator 当时事评论员；做解说 [back-formation from COMMENTATOR]

commentator /ˈkɒmənteitə/ n.  1  a person who provides a commentary on an event etc. 评论员，评论者 2  the writer of a commentary 评论文章的作者 3  a person who writes or speaks on current events (时事)评论员；解说员 [Latin from commentari, frequentative of comminisci ‘devise’]

commerce /ˈkɒmɜ:s/ n.  1  financial transactions, esp. the buying and selling of merchandise, on a large scale 商业，贸易 2  social intercourse 社交  the daily commerce of gossip and opinion  每日的小道消息和观点交流 3 archaic  sexual intercourse [古义]性交 [French commerce or Latin commercium (as COM-, mercium from merx mercis ‘merchandise’)]

commercial /kəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, engaged in, or concerned with, commerce 商业的，贸易的；从事商务的 2  having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic etc. value; philistine 商品化的，以营利为主要目的的；平庸的 3 (of chemicals) supplied in bulk more or less unpurified (指化学制品)大量供应但质量一般的 ●n.  1  a television or radio advertisement (电视或电台的)商业广告 2 Brit. archaic  a commercial traveller [英古义]旅行推销员 □ commerciality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ commercially  adv.  

commercial art n.  art used in advertising, selling, etc. (用于广告、销售等的)商业美术

commercial broadcasting n.  television or radio broadcasting in which programmes are financed by advertisements (靠广告资助的电视或电台)商业广播节目

commercialism /kəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the principles and practice of commerce 商业主义，商业原则，商业行为 2 (esp. excessive) emphasis on financial profit as a measure of worth (尤指过份注重商业利润的)营利主义

commercialize /kəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  exploit or spoil for the purpose of gaining profit 为营利而开发；为营利而降低质量 2  make commercial 使商品化，使商业化 □ commercialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

commercial space  see 见 SPACE n. 6b 

commercial traveller n. Brit.  a firm's travelling salesman or saleswoman who visits shops to get orders [英]旅行推销员

commercial vehicle n.  a vehicle used for carrying goods or fare-paying passengers 商用车辆，营运车辆

Commie /ˈkɒmi/ n. slang derog.  a Communist [俚语] [贬]共产党员，共产主义者 [abbreviation]

commination /kɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the threatening of divine vengeance 天谴的威吓 2  a  the recital of divine threats against sinners in the Anglican Liturgy for Ash Wednesday (英国圣公会圣灰星期三礼拜仪式中)对罪人将受天谴的威吓吟诵b  the service that includes this 天谴的威吓仪式 [Middle English from Latin comminatio, from comminari ‘threaten’]

comminatory /ˈkɒminət(ə)ri/ adj.  threatening, denunciatory 威吓的，威胁的 [medieval Latin comminatorius (as COMMINATION)]

commingle /kɒˈmiŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr. literary  mingle together [文学用语]搀和，混合；合并

comminute /ˈkɒminju:t/ v. tr.  1  reduce to small fragments 捣碎，研碎，切碎 2  divide (property) into small portions 把(财产)分割成小份 □ comminution  /-ˈnju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin comminuere comminut- (as COM-, minuere ‘lessen’)]

comminuted fracture n.  a fracture producing multiple bone splinters 粉碎性骨折

commis /ˈkɒmi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /ˈkɒmi, ˈkɒmiz/)  a junior chef or Brit. waiter 助理厨师；[英]侍者 [originally = deputy, clerk, from French, past part. of commettre ‘entrust’ (as COMMIT)]

commiserate /kəˈmizəreit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  express or feel pity 表示同情，感到怜悯 2 tr. archaic  express or feel pity for [古义]对…同情，对…怜悯  commiserate you on your loss  对你的损失表示同情 □ commiseration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ commiserative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ commiserator  n.   [Latin commiserari (as COM-, miserari ‘pity’ from miser ‘wretched’)]

commissar /kɒmiˈsɑ:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  an official of the Soviet Communist Party responsible for political education and organization (前苏联共产党的)政治委员，政委 2  the head of a government department in the USSR before 1946 人民委员 (1946 年以前苏联政府部长的旧称) [Russian komissar from French commissaire (as COMMISSARY)]

commissariat /kɒmiˈsɛəriət/ n.  1 esp. Mil. (尤)【军】  a  a department for the supply of food etc. 军需处(部队的给养部门)b  the food supplied 给养品 2 hist.  a government department of the USSR before 1946 [史义]人民委员部 (1946 年以前苏联政府各部的旧称) [French commissariat and medieval Latin commissariatus (as COMMISSARY)]

commissary /ˈkɒmis(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a deputy or delegate 代理人，代表 2  a representative or deputy of a bishop 代理主教 3 Mil.  an officer responsible for the supply of food etc. to soldiers 【军】军需官 4 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a restaurant in a film studio etc. (电影制片厂的)餐厅，食堂b  the food supplied (餐厅供应的)食品 5 N. Amer. Mil.  a store for the supply of food etc. to soldiers [北美]【军】(军营的)食品杂货店 □ commissarial  /-ˈsɛəriəl/ adj.  □ commissaryship  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin commissarius ‘person in charge’ (as COMMIT)]

commission /kəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the authority to perform a task or certain duties 授权，委托(任务或职责)b  a person or group entrusted esp. by a government with such authority (由政府委任的)委员；委员会  set up a commission to look into it  成立一个委员会来调查这件事情c  an instruction, command, or duty given to such a group or person 所委职责，委托事项，任务  their commission was to simplify the procedure  他们的职责是简化该程序 my commission was to find him  我的任务是找到他 2  an order for something, esp. a work of art, to be produced specially (尤指艺术作品)委托制作 3 Mil. 【军】  a  a warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force (陆、海、空军军官资格的)委任状，授衔令b  the rank so conferred 军官资格，军衔 4  a  the authority to act as agent for a company etc. in trade (贸易公司)代理人的委任b  a percentage paid to the agent from the profits of goods etc. sold, or business obtained 回扣  his salary is low, but he gets 20% commission  他的薪水并不高，可他有 20% 的回扣c  the pay of a commissioned agent 佣金 5  the act of committing (a crime, sin, etc.) 做(违法之事)，犯(罪) 6  the office or department of a commissioner 委员办公室，行政长官办公处 ●v. tr.  1  authorize or empower by a commission 委任，委托，授权 2  a  give (an artist etc.) a commission for a piece of work 委托(艺术家等)画画b  order (a work) to be written 委托(某人)写作品  commissioned a new concerto  委托写一首协奏曲 3 Naut. 【海】  a  give (an officer) the command of a ship 授权(某军官)为舰长b  prepare (a ship) for active service 将(船)编入现役 4  bring (a machine, equipment, etc.) into operation 将(机器、设备等)投入运行 □ in commission  (of a warship etc.) manned, armed, and ready for service (军舰等)准备好服现役□ out of commission  (esp. of a ship) not in service; not in working order (尤指军舰)退出服役，不能使用 [Middle English via Old French from Latin commissio -onis (as COMMIT)]

commission agent n. Brit.  a bookmaker [英] (赛马)赌注登记经纪人

commissionaire /kəmiʃəˈnɛə/ n. esp. Brit.  a uniformed door attendant at a theatre, cinema, etc. [尤英] (剧场、影院等)穿制服的看门人 [French (as COMMISSIONER)]

commissioner /kəˈmiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person appointed by a commission to perform a specific task, e.g. the head of the London police, a delegate to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, etc. 专员，特派员(如伦敦警察局局长，苏格兰国教会全体大会代表等) 2 (esp. in titles) a person appointed as a member of a government commission (尤用于官衔)政府部门的长官，委员会委员  Charity Commissioner  慈善委员会委员 Civil Service Commissioner  公务行政长官 3  a representative of the supreme authority in a district, department, etc. (地区、部门等)政府代表，专员，特派员 [Middle English from medieval Latin commissionarius (as COMMISSION)]

Commissioner for Oaths n. Brit.  a solicitor authorized to administer an oath to a person making an affidavit [英]宣誓公证人，受权为他人宣誓作证的律师

commission of the peace n. Brit. [英]  1  Justices of the Peace 治安法官 2  the authority given to them 治安法官的权力

commissure /ˈkɒmisjʊə/ n.  1  a junction, joint, or seam 接合，连接，接缝 2 Anat. 【解】  a  the joint between two bones 关节b  a band of nerve tissue connecting the hemispheres of the brain, the two sides of the spinal cord, etc. (与大脑半球脊髓的两侧连接的)神经组织c  the line where the upper and lower lips, or eyelids, meet 口缝；眼缝 3 Bot.  a joint etc. between different parts of a plant 【植】节，段节 □ commissural  /kɒmiˈsjʊər(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin commissura ‘junction’ (as COMMIT)]

commit /kəˈmit/ v. tr. (committed, committing)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  entrust or consign for: a  safe keeping 把…托付给…照管  I commit him to your care  我把他托付给你照管b  treatment, usu. destruction 把…交给…处理(通常指销毁)  committed the book to the flames  把书付之一炬 2  perpetrate, do (esp. a crime, sin, or blunder) 犯(罪)；做(错事、坏事、傻事) 3  pledge, involve, or bind (esp. oneself) to a certain course or policy 使(尤指自己)做出保证，承担义务  does not like committing herself  不愿意让自己作出保证 committed by the vow he had made  受他的誓言约束 4 (as 作 committed adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  morally dedicated or politically aligned (道德上)奉献的；(政治上)结盟的  a committed Christian  甘愿奉献的基督教徒 committed to the cause  献身于该事业 a committed socialist  结盟的社会主义者b  obliged (to take certain action) 保证承担义务的  felt committed to staying there  觉得有义务留在那里 5 Polit.  refer (a bill etc.) to a committee 【政】把(议案等)提交(给委员会) □ commit to memory   learn (a thing) so as to be able to recall it 把…记住，把…背熟□ commit to prison   consign officially to custody, esp. on remand 收审，下狱(尤指在押候审)□ committable  adj.  □ committer  n.   [Middle English from Latin committere ‘join, entrust’ (as COM-, mittere miss- ‘send’)]

commitment /kəˈmitm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an engagement or (esp. financial) obligation that restricts freedom of action 承诺；(尤指)财政义务 2  the process or an instance of committing oneself; a pledge or undertaking 许诺的过程，承担的义务

committal /kəˈmit(ə)l/ n.  1  the act of committing a person to an institution, esp. prison or a psychiatric hospital 托付，交付；(尤指)收监，下狱；送精神病院 2  the burial of a corpse (尸体的)下葬

committee /kəˈmiti/ n.  1  a  a body of persons appointed for a specific function by, and usu. out of, a larger body (通常由较大团体委派以执行特殊任务的)委员会b  such a body appointed by Parliament etc. to consider the details of proposed legislation (议会任命的)立法委员会c (作 Committee) (in the UK) the whole House of Commons when sitting as a committee (英国)下院全体委员会 2 /kɒmiˈti:/ Law  a person entrusted with the charge of another person or another person's property 【法律】监护人 [COMMIT + -EE]

committee man n. (fem. committee woman)  a member of a committee, esp. a habitual member of committees 委员，委员会成员(尤指常务委员)

committee stage n. Brit.  the third of five stages of a bill's progress through Parliament when it may be considered in detail and amendments made [英]委员会阶段(议会审议和修改议案 5 个阶段中的第 3 个阶段)

commix /kɒˈmiks/ v. tr. & intr. archaic or poet.  mix [古义] [诗]混合，搀和 □ commixture  n.   [Middle English: back-formation from commixt, past part., from Latin commixtus (as COM-, MIXED)]

commode /kəˈməʊd/ n.  1  a chest of drawers 五斗橱 2 (also 亦作 night-commode)  a  a bedside table with a cupboard containing a chamber pot (床头可以放置便盆的)床头柜b  a chamber pot concealed in a chair with a hinged cover (坐式)抽水马桶c US [美]  = LAVATORY 1  3  = CHIFFONIER 1  [French (adj. used as a noun), from Latin commodus ‘convenient’ (as COM-, modus ‘measure’)]

commodification /kəˌmɒdifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the action of turning something or treating something as a (mere) commodity 商品化 □ commodify  /kəˈmɒdifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  使商品化 [COMMODITY; see -FICATION]

commodious /kəˈməʊdiəs/ adj.  1  roomy and comfortable 宽敞舒适的 2 archaic  convenient [古义]方便的，便利的 □ commodiously  adv.  □ commodiousness  n.   [French commodieux or from medieval Latin commodiosus, from Latin commodus (as COMMODE)]

commodity /kəˈmɒditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an article or raw material that can be bought and sold, esp. a product as opposed to a service 商品，货物(尤指区别于服务的产品) 2  a useful thing 有用的东西，用品 [Middle English from Old French commodité or from Latin commoditas (as COMMODE)]

commodore /ˈkɒmədɔ:/ n.  1  a naval officer above a captain and below a rear admiral 海军准将 2  the commander of a squadron or other division of a fleet (海军分遣舰队)指挥官 3  the president of a yacht club (游艇俱乐部)主席 4  the senior captain of a shipping line (商船队中)资深船长 [probably via Dutch komandeur from French commandeur COMMANDER]

Commodore-in-Chief n. Brit.  the supreme officer in the Royal Air Force [英]皇家空军总司令(皇家空军最高指挥官)

common /ˈkɒmən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (commoner, commonest)  1  a  occurring often 通常的，日常的  a common mistake  一个常见错误b  ordinary; of ordinary qualities; without special rank or position 普通的，(质量)一般的；平民的，无特殊地位的  no common mind  不一般的头脑 common soldier  普通士兵 the common people  平民百姓 2  a  shared by, coming from, or done by, more than one 共享的，共用的，共同的  common knowledge  众所周知的事情 by common consent  一致同意 our common benefit  我们的共同利益b  belonging to, open to, or affecting, the whole community or the public 公共的，公众的  common land  公地 3 derog. low-class; vulgar; inferior [贬]下层社会的；粗俗的；劣等的，次等的  a common little man  一个粗俗的小人物 4  of the most familiar type 最普通的，最常见的  common cold  普通感冒 common nightshade  最常见的茄属植物 5 Math.  belonging to two or more quantities 【数】公共的，共同的  common denominator  公分母 common factor  公因数 6 Gram. (of gender) referring to individuals of either sex (e.g. 如 teacher 教师) 【语法】(指名词或代词的性)通性的 7 Prosody (of a syllable) that may be either short or long 【诗体】(音节)长短共通的 8 Mus.  having two or four beats, esp. four crotchets, in a bar 【音】普通节拍的 (2 拍或 4 拍，尤指每小节中 4 个 4 分音符) 9 Law (of a crime) of lesser importance (cf. 参见 GRAND adj. 8, PETTY 4) 【法律】(指罪行)普通的，比较轻的 ●n.  1  a piece of open public land, esp. in a village or town (尤指村镇等的)公地 2 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = COMMON SENSE use your common  利用你的常识  3 Eccl.  a service used for each of a group of occasions 【教会】(适用于各种节日的)普通礼拜 4 (in full 全称 right of common) Law  a person's right over another's land, e.g. for pasturage 【法律】(对他人土地，如牧场的)共用权 □ common ground   a point or argument accepted by both sides in a dispute (争论双方都接受的)共同观点，共同论点□ common or garden  Brit. colloq.  ordinary [英口]普通的，一般的，常见的□ in common   1  in joint use; shared 共用的；共享的 2  of joint interest 有共同利益的  have little in common  没有什么相同之处□ in common with   in the same way as 与…一样□ out of the common  Brit.  unusual [英]异乎寻常的□ commonly  adv.  □ commonness  /ˈkɒmənnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French comun from Latin communis]

commonable /ˈkɒmənəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an animal) that may be pastured on common land (牲畜)准许在公地上放牧的 2 (of land) that may be held in common (土地)公有的，共用的 [obsolete common ‘to exercise right of common’ + -ABLE]

commonage /ˈkɒmənidʒ/ n.  1  = right of common (see 见 COMMON n. 4)  2  a  land held in common 公地b  the state of being held in common (土地的)共有，共有权 3  the common people; commonalty 平民，老百姓

commonality /kɒməˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the sharing of an attribute 共性，共同特征 2  a common occurrence 常见的事，普通的事 3  = COMMONALTY  [variant of COMMONALTY]

commonalty /ˈkɒmən(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the common people 平民，老百姓 2  the general body (esp. of humankind) (尤指人类的)共同团体，集团 3  a corporate body 法人团体 [Middle English via Old French comunalté from medieval Latin communalitas -tatis (as COMMON)]

common carrier n.  a person or firm undertaking to transport any goods or person in a specified category 公共运输商(或公司), 公共承运人

common chord n. Mus.  any note with its major or minor third and perfect fifth 【音】普通和弦(三和弦的别称)

common crier n.  = TOWN CRIER 

common denominator n.  1  a common multiple of the denominators of several fractions 公分母 2  a common feature of members of a group 共同点，共同特征

commoner /ˈkɒmənə/ n.  1  one of the common people, as opposed to the aristocracy (与贵族相对的)平民百姓 2  a person who has the right of common (对他人土地)享有共有权的人 3  a student at a British university who does not have a scholarship (英国大学中不享受奖学金的)自费生 [Middle English from medieval Latin communarius, from communa (as COMMUNE1)]

Common Era n.  the Christian era 基督纪元，公元

commonhold /ˈkɒmənhəʊld/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Brit.  the freehold tenure of a flat within a multi-occupancy building, but with shared responsibility for common services [英] (多人合租楼房中某一套房子的)不动产保有权 □ commonholder  n.  

common jury n.  a jury with members of no particular social standing (cf. 参见 SPECIAL JURY) 普通陪审团

common law n.  law derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes (cf. 参见 CASE LAW, STATUTE LAW) 普通法，习惯法，判例法

common-law husband n. (fem. common-law wife)  1  a partner in a marriage recognized in some jurisdictions as valid by common law, though not brought about by a civil or ecclesiastical ceremony 事实婚姻中的男方 2 colloq.  a partner in a relationship in which a man and woman cohabit for a period long enough to suggest stability [口]同居婚姻中的男方

common logarithm n.  a logarithm to the base 10 常用对数

Common Market n.  the European Community 欧洲共同市场

common metre n.  a hymn stanza of four lines with 8, 6, 8, and 6 syllables 普通格律(四行诗各行音节数为 8 、 6 、 8 、 6 的格律)

common noun n. (also 亦作 common name) Gram.  a name denoting a class of objects or a concept as opposed to a particular individual (e.g. 如 boy 男孩 , chocolate 巧克力 , beauty 美丽) 【语法】普通名词

commonplace /ˈkɒmənpleis/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lacking originality; trite 无创见的，平庸的；陈腐的 ●n.  1  a  an everyday saying; a platitude 陈词滥调，老生常谈  uttered a commonplace about the weather  寒暄了几句有关天气的客套话b  an ordinary topic of conversation 普通话题 2  anything usual or trite 寻常的事情，平庸的东西 3  a notable passage in a book etc. copied into a commonplace book (抄录在札记簿中的)名言段落 □ commonplaceness  n.   [translation of Latin locus communis = Greek koinos topos ‘general theme’]

commonplace book n.  a book into which notable extracts from other works are copied for personal use (把其他著作中的精辟名言抄录下来的)札记簿，摘抄簿

Common Prayer n.  the Church of England liturgy originally set forth in the Book of Common Prayer of Edward VI (1549), esp. as revised in 1662 (尤指 1662 年修改过的英国国教会祈祷书中的)公祷文

common property n.  a thing known by most people 众所周知的事情

common room n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a room in some colleges, schools, etc., which members may use for relaxation or work (学校里的)师生公共休息室 2  the members who use this 公共休息室里的师生

commons /ˈkɒmənz/ n. pl.  1 (作 the Commons)  = HOUSE OF COMMONS  2  a  the common people 平民百姓b (prec. by 前接 the)  the common people regarded as a part of a political, esp. British, system (尤指英国被看作政治制度一部分的)平民阶层 3  provisions shared in common; daily fare 集体伙食，每天的伙食 [Middle English, pl. of COMMON]

common salt  see 见 SALT n. 1 

common seal1 n.  a seal, Phoca vitulina, of northern oceans, with a mottled grey coat 海豹(海豹属动物，产于北冰洋，其毛皮为灰色，有斑点) [SEAL2]

common seal2 n.  the official seal of a corporate body (法人团体的)公章 [SEAL1]

common sense n.  sound practical sense, esp. in everyday matters (尤指日常生活中的)常识 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : a common-sense approach  一种常识性的方法

commonsensical /kɒmənˈsensik(ə)l/ adj.  possessing or marked by common sense 常识性的；通情达理的 [common sense (see COMMON)]

Common Serjeant n.  a circuit judge of the Central Criminal Court with duties in the City of London (在伦敦旧城区值班的中心刑事法庭)巡回法院法官

common soldier  see 见 SOLDIER n. 2 

common stock n. pl. N. Amer. [北美]  = ORDINARY SHARE 

common valerian  see 见 VALERIAN 1a 

common weal n.  public welfare 公益，公共福利

commonweal /ˈkɒmənwi:l/ n. archaic [古义]  1  = COMMON WEAL  2  = COMMONWEALTH 1a 

commonwealth /ˈkɒmənwelθ/ n.  1  a  an independent state or community, esp. a democratic republic 共和政体(尤指民主共和国)b  such a community or organization of shared interests in a non-political field (由共同兴趣组成的非政治性)团体，协会，界  the commonwealth of learning  学术界 2 (作 the Commonwealth)  a (in full 全称 the Commonwealth of Nations)  an international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies 英联邦(包括英国及其自治领和其他一些独立了的成员国)b  the republican period of government in Britain 1649 － 60 (1649 至 1660 年的)英国共和政体c  a part of the title of Puerto Rico and some of the states of the US 自治政区(波多黎各及美国其他州的地方自治政体名称的一部分)d  the title of the federated Australian states 联邦(澳大利亚联邦的名称) [COMMON + WEALTH]

Commonwealth Day n.  a day each year commemorating the British Commonwealth 大英联邦日  formerly called 旧称 Empire Day 

common year  see 见 YEAR 2 

commotion /kəˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a confused and noisy disturbance or outburst 混乱，骚动b  loud and confusing noise 喧闹 2  a civil insurrection 起义，暴动，叛乱 [Middle English from Old French commotion or Latin commotio (as COM-, MOTION)]

communal /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)l, kəˈmju:-/ adj.  1  relating to or benefiting a community; for common use 公有的，公共的，共用的  communal baths  公用浴池 2 (of conflicts etc.) between different esp. ethnic or religious communities (指冲突等)对立种族之间的，对立教派之间的  communal violence  对立教派暴力冲突 3  of a commune, esp. the Paris Commune 公社的，(尤指)巴黎公社的 □ communality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ communally  adv.   [French from Late Latin communalis (as COMMUNE1)]

communalism /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a principle of political organization based on federated communes 公社主义，公社制 2  the principle of communal ownership etc. 公社制的原则 □ communalist  n.  □ communalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

communalize /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)laiz, kəˈmju:nəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make communal 使公有化，使公社化，使集体化 □ communalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

communard /ˈkɒmjʊnɑ:d/ n.  1  a member of a commune 公社社员 2 (also 亦作 Communard) hist.  a supporter of the Paris Commune [史义]巴黎公社的拥护者 [French (as COMMUNE1)]

commune1 /ˈkɒmju:n/ n.  1  a  a group of people, not necessarily related, sharing living accommodation, goods, etc., esp. as a political act (尤指作为政治行为的)公社b  a communal settlement esp. for the pursuit of shared interests (尤指志同道合者的)聚居区 2  a  the smallest French territorial division for administrative purposes 市镇(法国最小的行政单位)b  a similar division elsewhere 市镇(其他地方类似的行政单位) 3 (作 the Commune)  the communalistic government in Paris in 1871 (1871 年的)巴黎公社 [French from medieval Latin communia, neut. pl. of Latin communis ‘common’]

commune2 /kəˈmju:n/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  speak confidentially and intimately 亲密交谈，谈心  communed together about their loss  一起谈论他们的损失 communed with his heart  推心置腹地交谈b  feel in close touch (with nature etc.) 陶醉于(自然等)，与…亲近  communed with the hills  陶醉于群山之中 2 N. Amer.  receive Holy Communion [北美]领受圣餐 [Middle English from Old French comuner ‘share’, from comun COMMON]

communicable /kəˈmju:nikəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. of a disease) able to be passed on (尤指疾病)传染性的，可传染的 2 archaic  communicative [古义]健谈的；善于交流的 □ communicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ communicably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French communicable or Late Latin communicabilis (as COMMUNICATE)]

communicant /kəˈmju:nik(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person who receives Holy Communion, esp. regularly (尤指定期)领受圣餐者 2  a person who imparts information 传达信息者，提供信息者，检举人 [Latin communicare communicant- (as COMMON)]

communicate /kəˈmju:nikeit/ v.  1 tr.  a  transmit or pass on by speaking or writing 传达，传递，传播  communicated his ideas  传达他的思想b  transmit (heat, motion, etc.) 传导(热量)；传输(运动)c  pass on (an infectious illness) 传染(疾病)d  impart (feelings etc.) non-verbally 显露(感情等)  communicated his affection  显露出他的情感 2 intr.  be in communication; succeed in conveying information, evoking understanding, etc. 通讯，通话；(成功地)传递信息；使明白  he communicates well  他把自己的观点表达得很清楚 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  share a feeling or understanding; relate socially 交流感情，交际 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a room etc.) have a common door (房间等)相通，有通门  my room communicates with yours  我的房间和你的相通 5  a tr.  administer Holy Communion to 给予圣餐b intr.  receive Holy Communion 领受圣餐 □ communicator  n.  □ communicatory  adj.   [Latin communicare communicat- (as COMMON)]

communication /kəmju:niˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of imparting, esp. news (尤指消息的)传达，传递，传播b  an instance of this 传达信息的实例c  the information etc. communicated 信息，消息，书信 2  a means of connecting different places, such as a door, passage, road, or railway 交通途径(如门、过道、公路、铁路) 3  social intercourse 交际，交往，交流，联系  it was difficult to maintain communication in the uproar  喧闹声中很难保持交流 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the science and practice of transmitting information esp. by electronic or mechanical means (尤指用电子或机械方法)通信，通讯 5 (in pl. 用复数) Mil.  the means of transport between a base and the front 【军】(基地与前线间的)交通系统，交通壕 6 Brit.  a paper read to a learned society [英] (向学术团体宣读的)论文 □ communicational  adj. (in senses 1 and 3 用于释义 1 和 3)  

communication cord n. Brit.  a cord or chain in a railway carriage that may be pulled to stop the train in an emergency [英] (火车车厢内紧急刹车用的)警报索链

communication satellite n. (also 亦作 communications satellite)  an artificial satellite used to relay telephone circuits or broadcast programmes 通信卫星

communication theory n.  the study of the principles and methods by which information is conveyed 传播(学)理论

communicative /kəˈmju:nikətiv/ adj.  1  open, talkative, informative 坦率的；健谈的；提供消息的 2  ready to communicate 好社交的 □ communicatively  adv.   [Late Latin communicativus (as COMMUNICATE)]

communion /kəˈmju:njən/ n.  1  a sharing, esp. of thoughts etc.; fellowship (尤指思想感情等的)交流，交际；交情，友谊  their minds were in communion  他们的心息息相通 2  participation; a sharing in common 参与；分享，共享  communion of interests  利益共享 3 (作 Communion, Holy Communion)  a  the Eucharist 圣餐b  participation in the Communion service 参与圣餐仪式c (作 attrib.)  of or used in the Communion service 圣餐仪式的，用于圣餐仪式的  Communion table  圣餐台，祭坛 Communion rail  领圣餐的围栏，祭坛前的围栏 4  mutual recognition among branches of the Church (教派之间的)相互承认  in communion with Rome  与罗马教会相互承认 5  a body or group within the Christian faith 宗教教派，教会  the Anglican communion  基督教圣公会 [Middle English from Old French communion or Latin communio, from communis ‘common’]

communion of saints n.  fellowship between Christians living and dead 圣徒相通(指通过洗礼与耶稣基督合成一体的全体信徒之间的团契)

communiqué /kəˈmju:nikei/ n.  an official communication, esp. a news report 官方公报；(尤指)新闻公报 [French, = communicated]

communism /ˈkɒmjʊniz(ə)m/ n.  1  a political theory advocating a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person is paid and works according to his or her needs and abilities 共产主义，共产主义理论 2 (usu. 通常作 Communism)  a  the communistic form of society established in the former USSR and elsewhere (前苏联及其他国家所建立的)共产主义社会b  any movement or political doctrine advocating communism, esp. Marxism 共产主义运动；共产主义学说(尤指马克思主义) 3  = COMMUNALISM  [French communisme from commun COMMON]

communist /ˈkɒmjʊnist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person advocating or practising communism 共产主义者；共产主义的支持者 2 (作 Communist)  a member of a Communist Party 共产党党员 ●adj.  of or relating to communism 共产主义的；关于共产主义的  a communist play  一出有关共产主义的戏剧 □ communistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [COMMUNISM]

communitarian /kəmju:niˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a communistic community 共产主义社会的成员 ●adj.  of or relating to such a community 关于共产主义社会的 [COMMUNITY + -ARIAN on the pattern of unitarian etc.]

community /kəˈmju:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  all the people living in a specific locality (同一地区的)全体居民b  a specific locality, including its inhabitants 社区，社会 2  a body of people having a religion, a profession, etc., in common (宗教或职业等的)团体，界  the immigrant community  移民团体 3  fellowship of interests etc.; similarity (利益的)一致，共同性，相似性  community of intellect  知识界的共性 4  a monastic, socialistic, etc. body practising common ownership (实行公有制的)僧侣团体，社会主义者团体 5  joint ownership or liability 共有，共享，共同责任  community of goods  货物的共有 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  the public 公众 7  a body of nations unified by common interests (国家间的)共同体 8 Ecol.  a group of animals or plants living or growing together in the same area 【态】(动植物的)群落 [Middle English via Old French comuneté from Latin communitas -tatis (as COMMON)]

community architect n.  an architect working in consultation with the local community in designing housing and other amenities 社区建筑师(指与社区当局协商设计房屋和其他便利设施的建筑师) □ community architecture  n.  

community centre n.  a place providing social etc. facilities for a neighbourhood 社区活动中心，公共会堂

community charge n. hist. (in the UK) a short-lived tax levied locally on every adult in a community, replaced in 1993 by the council tax [史义] (英国)社区成人税，人头税 (1993 年为市政税所取代)

community chest n.  a fund for charity and welfare work in a community 社区慈善福利基金

community college n. esp. N. Amer.  a college providing further and higher education for members of the local community [尤北美] (为社区成员提供进修及高等教育的)社区学院

community home n. Brit.  a centre for housing young offenders and other juveniles in need of custodial care [英]失足青少年教养所

community policing n.  policing by officers intended to have personal knowledge of the community which they police 社区治安警务(指警官为亲自了解所辖社区的治安情况而进行的监督管理) □ community policeman  n.  

community service n.  work, esp. voluntary and unpaid, or stipulated by a community service order, in the community 社区服务(尤指自愿无报酬的或者法院社区服务指令所规定的劳动)

community service order n. Brit.  an order for a convicted offender to perform a period of unpaid work in the community [英]社区服务命令(法院命令已定罪的犯人在社区进行无偿劳动的命令)

community singing n.  singing by a large crowd or group, esp. of old popular songs or hymns 团体大合唱(尤指合唱老的流行歌曲或圣歌)

community spirit n.  a feeling of belonging to a community, expressed in mutual support etc. 社区精神，团体精神(表现为相互帮助等)

community worker n.  a person who works in a community to promote its welfare 社区工作者

communize /ˈkɒmjʊnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (land etc.) common property 使(土地等)公有化 2  make (a person etc.) communistic 使(人等)信仰共产主义 □ communization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin communis COMMON]

commutable /kəˈmju:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  convertible into money; exchangeable 可转换成现金的；可兑换的 2 Law (of a punishment) able to be commuted 【法律】(刑罚)可减轻的 3  within commuting distance 在通勤距离之内的 □ commutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin commutabilis (as COMMUTE)]

commutate /ˈkɒmjʊteit/ v. tr. Electr. 【电】  1  regulate the direction of (an alternating current), esp. to make it a direct current 将(交流电)整流 2  reverse the direction (of an electric current) 使(电流)换向 [Latin commutare commutat- (as COMMUTE)]

commutation /kɒmjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of commuting or being commuted (in legal and exchange senses) 代偿，代偿的钱(即以罚款来抵偿强迫劳役)；交换，兑换 2 Electr.  the act or process of commutating or being commutated 【电】换向；整流 3 Math.  the reversal of the order of two quantities 【数】交换(两个量的顺序) [French commutation or Latin commutatio (as COMMUTE)]

commutative /kəˈmju:tətiv, ˈkɒmjʊtətiv/ adj.  1  relating to or involving substitution 交换的，兑换的；代偿的 2 Math.  unchanged in result by the interchange of the order of quantities 【数】交换的(指交换数量的顺序而不改变计算结果) [French commutatif or medieval Latin commutativus (as COMMUTE)]

commutator /ˈkɒmjʊteitə/ n.  1 Electr.  a device for reversing electric current 【电】换向器，转换器 2  an attachment connected with the armature of a dynamo which directs and makes continuous the current produced 整流子(指连接在发电机电枢上调整电流方向的装置)

commute /kəˈmju:t/ v.  1 intr.  travel to and from one's daily work, usu. in a city, esp. by car or train (尤指在市内)乘坐公交车辆上下班 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) Law  change (a judicial sentence etc.) to another less severe 【法律】减轻(刑罚等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, for)  a  change (one kind of payment) for another 折付，折偿b  make a payment etc. to change (an obligation etc.) for another 代偿，替代(指用罚款抵偿责任) 4 tr.  a  exchange; interchange (two things) 兑换(货币)；交换(物品)b  change (to another thing) 替换(成他物) 5 tr. Electr.  commutate 【电】换向；整流 6 intr. Math.  have a commutative relation 【数】交换 [Latin commutare commutat- (as COM-, mutare ‘change’)]

commuter /kəˈmju:tə/ n.  a person who travels some distance to work, esp. in a city, usu. by car or train 通勤者，(市内)乘坐公交车辆上下班者

commère /ˈkɒmɛə/ n. Brit.  a female compère [英] (演出或节目的)女主持人 [French, fem. of COMPÈRE]

Comoros   科摩罗

comose /ˈkəʊməʊs/ adj. Bot. (of seeds etc.) having hairs; downy 【植】(种子等)有绒毛的 [Latin comosus (as COMA2)]

comp /kɒmp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1 Brit.  a competition [英]竞争；竞赛 2 Printing  a compositor 【印刷】排字工人 3 Mus.  an accompaniment 【音】伴奏；伴唱 ●v.  1 Mus. 【音】  a tr.  accompany 为…伴奏b intr.  play an accompaniment 伴奏 2 Printing 【印刷】  a intr.  work as a compositor 当排字工人b tr.  work as a compositor on 排版 [abbreviation]

compact1 adj., v. & n. ●adj. /kəmˈpækt/  1  closely or neatly packed together 紧密的，坚实的 2 (of a piece of equipment, a room, etc.) well fitted and practical though small (指设备、房间等)小巧而实用的，小型的 3 (of style etc.) condensed; brief (指文体等)简洁的；紧凑的 4 (esp. of the human body) small but well-proportioned (尤指人的身材)矮小而匀称的 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  composed or made up of 由…组成(或构成)的 ●v. tr. /kəmˈpækt/  1  join or press firmly together 使…牢固连接；把…压实 2  condense 压缩 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  compose; make up 构成，组成 ●n. /ˈkɒmpækt/  1  a small flat usu. decorated case for face powder and a mirror, etc. (带镜子的扁平)香粉盒 2  an object formed by compacting powder 粉块 3 N. Amer.  a medium-sized motor car [北美]小型汽车 □ compaction  n.  □ compactly  adv.  □ compactness  n.  □ compactor  n.   [Middle English from Latin compingere compact- (as COM-, pangere ‘fasten’)]

compact2 /ˈkɒmpækt/ n.  an agreement or contract between two or more parties 协议，合同，契约 [Latin compactum from compacisci compact- (as COM-, pacisci ‘covenant’): cf. PACT]

compact disc /ˈkɒmpækt/ n.  a disc on which information or sound is recorded digitally and reproduced by reflection of laser light 激光唱片；(计算机)光盘

compadre /kɒmˈpɑ:dri/ n. (pl. compadres) esp. US colloq.  friend, companion [尤美口]朋友，伙伴 [Spanish, = godfather]

compages /kəmˈpeidʒi:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a framework; a complex structure 构架，骨架；复杂结构 2  something resembling a compages in complexity etc. (类似于骨架的)复杂事物 [Latin compages (as COM-, pages from pangere ‘fasten’)]

companion1 /kəmˈpænjən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in, of)  a person who accompanies, associates with, or shares with, another 同伴，伴侣  a companion in adversity  逆境朋友 they were close companions  他们是亲密的伙伴b  a person, esp. an unmarried or widowed woman, employed to live with and assist another (尤指未婚或单身女子受雇作)职业伴侣 2  a handbook or reference book on a particular subject 手册，指南  A Companion to North Wales  《北威尔士旅行指南》 3  a thing that matches another 成对(副、双)的东西之一  the companion of this bookend is over there  该书挡的另一半在那边 4 (作 Companion)  a member of the lowest grade of some orders of knighthood 最低级的爵士  Companion of the Bath  最低级巴思爵士(即第三等男爵) 5 Astron.  a star etc. that accompanies another 【天】伴星 6 Brit.  equipment or a piece of equipment that combines several uses [英]多功能设备 ●v.  1 tr.  accompany 陪伴，与…为伴 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) literary  be a companion [文学用语]结伴，交往 [Middle English from Old French compaignon, ultimately from Latin, = ‘one who breaks bread with another’ (as COM- + panis ‘bread’)]

companion2 /kəmˈpænjən/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a raised frame with windows let into the quarterdeck of a ship to allow light into the cabins etc. below 甲板天窗 2  = COMPANIONWAY  [obsolete Dutch kompanje ‘quarterdeck’ from Old French compagne from Italian (camera della) compagna ‘(storeroom for) provisions’, probably ultimately related to COMPANION1]

companionable /kəmˈpænjənəb(ə)l/ adj.  agreeable as a companion; sociable 友善的，好交际的 □ companionableness  n.  □ companionably  adv.  

companionate /kəmˈpænjənət/ adj.  1  well-suited; (of clothes) matching 和谐的；(衣服)相配的 2  of or like a companion 同伴的，同伴似的

companion hatch n.  a wooden covering over a companionway 舱室升降口罩

companion hatchway n.  an opening in a deck leading to a cabin 舱室升降口

companion-in-arms n.  a fellow soldier 战友

companion ladder n.  a ladder from a deck to a cabin 升降口梯，舱室升降梯

Companion of Honour n. (in the UK) a member of an order founded in 1917 (英国于 1917 年设立的一种)荣誉勋爵

Companion of Literature n. (in the UK) a member of an order founded in 1961 (英国于 1961 年设立的)文学勋爵

companion set n. Brit.  a set of fireside implements on a stand [英] (摆放在搁架上的)成套壁炉用具

companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃip/ n.  good fellowship; friendship 伴侣关系，友谊

companionway /kəmˈpænjənwei/ n.  a staircase to a cabin (轮船的)升降口扶梯

company /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a number of people assembled; a crowd; an audience 聚集在一起的人，人群；观众  addressed the company  向听众发表演讲b  guests or a guest 客人们，来访者  am expecting company  (我)在等候客人 2  a state of being a companion or fellow; companionship, esp. of a specific kind 同伴，朋友；友谊，伴侣关系  enjoys low company  喜欢和地位低的人结伴 do not care for his company  不喜欢他的伙伴 3  a  a commercial business 公司，商号b (usu. 通常作 Co.)  the partner or partners not named in the title of a firm (Smith and Co. 史密斯公司(表示史密斯与合伙者之意)) (公司名称中未列出姓名的)合伙者 4  a troupe of actors or entertainers 剧团，乐团 5 Mil.  a subdivision of an infantry battalion, usu. commanded by a major or a captain 【军】连，连队 6 Brit.  a group of Guides [英]一队女童子军 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. archaic  accompany [古义]陪伴，陪同 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) literary  be a companion [文学用语]结交，交往 □ err (or be) in good company   discover that a celebrity, one's companions, etc., have done the same as oneself (发现名人、同伴等)也犯同样错误□ in company   not alone 一起□ in company with   together with 和…在一起□ keep company  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  associate habitually 陪伴，与…形影不离□ keep (or archaic [古义] bear) a person company   accompany a person; be sociable 陪伴某人，给某人做伴□ part company  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  cease to associate 分手，断绝关系 [Middle English via Anglo-French compainie, Old French compai(g)nie, from Romanic (as COMPANION1)]

company car n.  a car provided by a company for the business and usu. private use of an employee (供公司业务、通常是雇员私用的)公司汽车

company officer n.  a captain or a lower commissioned officer (军队的)尉官

company promoter  see 见 PROMOTER 3 

company sergeant major n. Brit. Mil.  the highest non-commissioned officer of a company [英]【军】连队军士长

comparable /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  able to be compared 可比较的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  fit to be compared; worth comparing 适合于比较的；比得上的 □ comparability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ comparableness  n.  □ comparably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin comparabilis (as COMPARE)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of comparable with to and with corresponds to the senses at compare; to is more common. Comparable 后面跟 to 和 with 的用法与 compare 词条的释义 1 致，与 to 连用更常见。 

comparative /kəmˈpærətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  perceptible by comparison; relative 相比较而言的，相对的  in comparative comfort  在相对舒适的生活环境中 2  estimated by comparison (通过比较而)估计出的  the comparative merits of the two ideas  两种观点相比较而找出的优点 3  of or involving comparison (esp. across branches of a science or subject of study) 比较的，用比较方法的(尤指跨学科分支或研究科目的比较) 4 Gram. (of an adjective or adverb) expressing a higher degree of a quality, but not the highest possible (e.g. 如 braver 较勇敢的 ; more fiercely 更凶猛地) (cf. 参见 POSITIVE adj. 3b, SUPERLATIVE adj. 2) 【语法】(形容词或副词)比较级的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  the comparative expression or form of an adjective or adverb (形容词或副词的)比较级 2  a word in the comparative 比较词 □ comparatively  adv.   [Middle English from Latin comparativus (as COMPARE)]

comparator /kəmˈpærətə/ n. Engin.  a device for comparing a product, an output, etc., with a standard, esp. an electronic circuit comparing two signals 【工程】比较仪，比较器(尤指信号比较电路)

compare /kəmˈpɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  express similarities in; liken 把…比作  compared the landscape to a painting  把风景比作一幅画 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  estimate the similarity or dissimilarity of; assess the relation between 比较，对照  compared radio with television  把收音机和电视机作比较 that lacks quality compared to this  与这件东西相比，那件的质量差 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  bear comparison 相比，比得上  compares favourably with the rest  比得上其余的 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be equal or equivalent to 与…相等，与…相同 5 tr. Gram.  form the comparative and superlative degrees of (an adjective or an adverb) 【语法】(形容词或副词)构成比较级和最高级 ●n. literary  comparison [文学用语]比较  beyond compare  无与伦比 without compare  无与伦比 has no compare  无与伦比 □ compare notes   exchange ideas or opinions 交换意见(观点) [Middle English via Old French comparer from Latin comparare (as COM-, parare from par ‘equal’)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2 to and with are generally interchangeable, but with often implies a greater element of formal analysis, as in compared my account with yours. 在本词条的释义 2 中， to 和 with 一般可以互换，但 with 常常更多含有正式比较的成分，如 compared my account with yours 把我的描述和你的相比较。 

comparison /kəmˈpæris(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of comparing 比较，对照 2  a simile or semantic illustration 比喻，比拟 3  capacity for being likened; similarity 可比性；相似，类似  there's no comparison  根本无法相比 4 (in full 全称 degrees of comparison) Gram.  the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs 【语法】比较级(即形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级) □ bear (or stand) comparison  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be able to be compared favourably 比得上□ beyond comparison   1  totally different in quality 毫无相似之处 2  greatly superior; excellent 无与伦比□ in (or by) comparison with   compared to 相比之下，比较起来 [Middle English via Old French comparesoun from Latin comparatio -onis (as COMPARE)]

compartment /kəmˈpɑ:tm(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a space within a larger space, separated from the rest by partitions, e.g. in a railway carriage, wallet, desk, etc. 分隔空间，分隔间(如钱包夹层、书桌的分格等)；(客车车厢的)隔间，包厢 2 Naut.  a watertight division of a ship 【海】水密舱，防水船舱 3  an area of activity etc. kept apart from others in a person's mind (人的心灵活动等的区域)部，分部 ●v. tr.  put into compartments 分隔，划分 □ compartmentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French compartiment via Italian compartimento from Late Latin compartiri (as COM-, partiri ‘share’)]

compartmental /kɒmpɑ:tˈment(ə)l/ adj.  consisting of or relating to compartments or a compartment 分为隔间的，由隔间组成的 □ compartmentally  adv.  

compartmentalize /kɒmpɑ:tˈment(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  divide into compartments or categories 分隔；划分，分类 □ compartmentalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 magnetic compass)  an instrument showing the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it (see also 另见 GYROCOMPASS) 罗经，罗盘，指南针 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (also 亦作 pair of compasses sing.)  an instrument for taking measurements and describing circles, with two arms connected at one end by a movable joint 圆规 3  a circumference or boundary 圆周，周长；界限 4  area, extent; scope (e.g. of knowledge or experience) (知识或经验等的)范围，限度  beyond my compass  超出了我的知识范围 5  the range of tones of a voice or a musical instrument (嗓音或乐器的)音域 ●v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  hem in 包围，围绕 2  grasp mentally 领会，理解 3  contrive, accomplish 筹划，谋划；完成 4  go round 绕…而行 □ compassable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French compas, ultimately from Latin passus PACE1]

compass card n.  a circular rotating card showing the 32 principal bearings, forming the indicator of a magnetic compass 罗盘的表面，罗经刻度盘

compassion /kəmˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n.  pity inclining one to help or be merciful 同情，怜悯 [Middle English via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin compassio -onis, from compati (as COM-, pati pass- ‘suffer’)]

compassionate /kəmˈpæʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  sympathetic, pitying 同情的，怜悯的，有同情心的 □ compassionately  adv.   [obsolete French compassioné from compassioner ‘feel pity’ (as COMPASSION)]

compassionate leave n.  leave granted on grounds of bereavement etc. (尤指准给军人奔丧的)私事假

compassion fatigue n.  indifference to charitable appeals, reports of hardship, etc., resulting from their frequency 同情心淡漠(指由于求助的请求太频繁而使人冷淡)

compass rose n.  a circle of the principal directions marked on a chart 罗经花，方位刻度图，向位圈

compass saw n.  a saw with a narrow blade, for cutting curves 圆锯

compass window n.  a bay window with a semicircular curve (带有半圆弧的)凸窗，圆肚窗

compatible /kəmˈpætib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  able to coexist; well-suited; mutually tolerant 能和睦相处的，适合的，相互容忍的  a compatible couple  和睦相处的夫妻b  consistent 和谐的，一致的  their views are not compatible with their actions  他们的观点和行动不一致 2 (of equipment etc.) capable of being used in combination (设备等)兼用的，兼容的 ●n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词) Computing  a piece of equipment that can use software etc. designed for another brand of the same equipment 【计算】兼容机  IBM compatibles  国际商用机器公司的兼容机 □ compatibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ compatibly  adv.   [French from medieval Latin compatibilis (as COMPASSION)]

compatriot /kəmˈpætriət, -ˈpeit-/ n.  a fellow countryman 同一国人，同胞 □ compatriotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [French compatriote from Late Latin compatriota (as COM-, patriota PATRIOT)]

compeer /kəmˈpiə/ n.  1  an equal; a peer (地位、能力、年龄等)相同的人，同事 2  a comrade 伙伴，同志 [Middle English from Old French comper (as COM-, PEER2)]

compel /kəmˈpel/ v. tr. (compelled, compelling)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  force, constrain 强迫，迫使  compelled them to admit it  强迫他们承认那件事 2  bring about (an action) by force 强制做(某事)  compel submission  迫使屈服 3 (as 作 compelling adj.)  rousing strong interest, attention, conviction, or admiration 激发兴趣的，有吸引力的；令人信服的；令人羡慕的 4 archaic  drive forcibly [古义] (用暴力)驱赶 □ compellingly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin compellere compuls- (as COM-, pellere ‘drive’)]

compellable /kəmˈpeləb(ə)l/ adj. Law (of a witness etc.) that may be made to attend court or give evidence 【法律】(证人等)可强迫出庭作证的

compendious /kəmˈpendiəs/ adj. (esp. of a book etc.) comprehensive but fairly brief (尤指书籍等)简明扼要的 □ compendiously  adv.  □ compendiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French compendieux from Latin compendiosus ‘brief’ (as COMPENDIUM)]

compendium /kəmˈpendiəm/ n. (pl. compendiums or compendia /-diə/)  1 esp. Brit.  a usu. one-volume handbook or encyclopedia [尤英]手册，大全 2  a  a summary or abstract of a larger work (大部头作品的)概要，概略，纲要b  an abridgement 缩略，缩写 3  a (in full 全称 compendium of games)  a collection of games in a box 游戏用具盒b  any collection or mixture (任何)收集物；混合物 4  a package of writing paper, envelopes, etc. 书信用品夹(包括信纸、信封等) [Latin, = what is weighed together, from compendere (as COM-, pendere ‘weigh’)]

compensate /ˈkɒmpenseit/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  recompense (a person) 补偿，赔偿(某人)；报偿  compensated him for his loss  赔偿他的损失 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for a thing, Brit. [英] to a person)  make amends 赔偿；赔罪  compensated for the insult  因侮辱了人而赔罪 will compensate to her in full  将全额赔偿她的损失 3 tr.  counterbalance; make up for; make amends for 抵消；弥补；为…而赔偿 4 tr. Mech.  provide (a pendulum etc.) with extra or less weight etc. to neutralize the effects of temperature etc. 【机】(用摆等)抵消(温度变化等的影响) 5 intr. Psychol.  offset a disability or frustration by development in another direction 【心】补偿，代偿(指发展其他能力以补偿伤残或挫折) □ compensative  /-sətiv/ adj.  □ compensator  n.  □ compensatory  /-ˈpensət(ə)ri, -ˈseit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin compensare (as COM-, pensare, frequentative of pendere pens- ‘weigh’)]

compensation /kɒmpenˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of compensating 补偿(或赔偿)的行为；报偿b  the process of being compensated 被补偿(或赔偿)的过程 2  something, esp. money, given as a recompense 补偿物(或款)；赔偿物(或款) 3 Psychol. 【心】  a  an act of compensating 补偿(或代偿)的行为b  the result of compensating 补偿(或代偿)的结果 4 N. Amer.  a salary or wages [北美]工资，薪水，报酬 □ compensational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin compensatio (as COMPENSATE)]

compensation pendulum n. Physics  a pendulum designed to neutralize the effects of temperature variation 【物理学】(钟表上用于抵消温度变化影响的)补偿摆

compete /kəmˈpi:t/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, against a person, for a thing)  strive for superiority or supremacy 竞争，对抗  competed with his brother  与他的哥哥竞争 compete against each other  互相竞争 compete for the job  竞争那个工作 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take part (in a contest etc.) 参加(比赛等)  competed in the hurdles  参加障碍赛跑 [Latin competere competit-, in late sense ‘strive after or contend for (something)’ (as COM-, petere ‘seek’)]

competence /ˈkɒmpit(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 competency /-ənsi/)  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  ability; the state of being competent 能力；胜任，称职b  an area in which a person is competent; a skill (称职的)领域；技能 2  an income large enough to live on, usu. unearned (足以维持生计，尤指非劳动所得的)收入 3 Law  the legal capacity (of a court, a magistrate, etc.) to deal with a matter 【法律】(法院、地方官员等的)权限，管辖权

competent /ˈkɒmpit(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin. or for)  adequately qualified or capable 能胜任的，有能力的，称职的  not competent to drive  不会开车b  effective 有效的，合格的  a competent batsman  合格的击球手 2 Law (of a judge, court, or witness) legally qualified or qualifying 【法律】(法官、法庭或证人)有法定资格的 □ competently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French competent or Latin competent-, pres. part. of competere ‘be fit or proper’ (as COMPETE)]

competition /kɒmpiˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  competing, esp. in an examination, in trade, etc. (尤指考试、贸易等中的)竞争 2  an event or contest in which people compete 比赛，竞赛 3  a  the people competing against a person 竞争者；比赛对手b  the opposition they represent (与竞争对手的)对抗 4 Biol.  interaction between organisms etc. that share a limited environmental resource 【生】(生物对有限环境资源的)竞争 [Late Latin competitio ‘rivalry’ (as COMPETITIVE)]

competitive /kəmˈpetitiv/ adj.  1  involving, offered for, or by competition 涉及竞争的，供竞争的，竞争获得的  competitive game  竞技性游戏 2 (of prices etc.) low enough to compare well with those of rival traders (指价格等)有竞争力的 3 (of a person) having a strong urge to win; keen to compete (指人)好胜的，好竞争的 □ competitively  adv.  □ competitiveness  n.   [competit-, past part. stem of Latin competere COMPETE]

competitor /kəmˈpetitə/ n.  1  a person who competes 竞争者，比赛者 2  a rival, esp. in business or commerce (尤指生意或商业上的)对手，敌手 [French compétiteur or Latin competitor (as COMPETE)]

compilation /kɒmpiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of compiling 汇编，编辑，编纂b  the process of being compiled 编辑的过程 2  something compiled, esp. a book etc. composed of separate articles, stories, etc. 汇编物，编辑物，编纂物(尤指由不同文章、故事等组成的书籍等) [Middle English via Old French from Latin compilatio -onis (as COMPILE)]

compile /kəmˈpail/ v. tr.  1  a  collect (material) into a list, volume, etc. 汇集，收集(资料)b  make up (a volume etc.) from such material 编辑，汇编(成册等) 2  accumulate (a score, lead, etc.) 累积(得分、领先程度等)  compiled a break of 98  累积不间断得 98 分 3 Computing  produce (a machine-coded form of a high-level program) 【计算】编译(高级程序语言使之成为机器语言) [Middle English from Old French compiler or its apparent source, Latin compilare ‘plunder, plagiarize’]

compiler /kəmˈpailə/ n.  1 Computing  a program for translating a high-level programming language into machine code 【计算】(将高级编程语言翻译成机器语言的)编译程序 2  a person who compiles 汇编者

complacency /kəmˈpleis(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 complacence)  self-satisfaction or tranquil pleasure, esp. when uncritical or unwarranted 自满情绪，沾沾自喜 [medieval Latin complacentia from Latin complacēre (as COM-, placēre ‘please’)]

complacent /kəmˈpleis(ə)nt/ adj.  1  smugly self-satisfied 自满的，沾沾自喜的 2  calmly content 暗自满意的 □ complacently  adv.   [Latin complacēre: see COMPLACENCY]■Usage 用法说明 Complacent should not be confused with complaisant. 不要把 complacent 与 complaisant 用混。 

complain /kəmˈplein/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, at, or that + clause)  express dissatisfaction 抱怨，发牢骚  complained at the state of the room  抱怨房间的状况 is always complaining  总是在发牢骚 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  announce that one is suffering from (an ailment) 诉说(自己的病痛)，(病人)主诉  complained of a headache  诉说患了头痛b  state a grievance concerning 叫屈，申诉  complained of the delay  抱怨耽搁的时间 3  a  make a mournful sound 发出凄楚的响声b  groan or creak under a strain 呻吟 □ complainer  n.  □ complainingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French complaindre (stem complaign-) from medieval Latin complangere ‘bewail’ (as COM-, plangere planct- ‘lament’)]

complainant /kəmˈpleinənt/ n. Law  a plaintiff in certain lawsuits 【法律】原告，起诉人

complaint /kəmˈpleint/ n.  1  a  a grievance or cause for dissatisfaction 抱怨，委屈，怨言  I have no complaints  我没有怨言b  a statement of dissatisfaction 投诉，申诉  make a complaint  进行投诉 2  an ailment or illness 疾病 3 Law  the plaintiff's initial pleading in a civil action 【法律】控告，控诉 [Middle English via Old French complainte from complaint, past part. of complaindre: see COMPLAIN]

complaisant /kəmˈpleiz(ə)nt/ adj.  1  politely deferential 恭敬的；殷勤的 2  willing to please; acquiescent 讨好的；顺从的 □ complaisance  n.   [French from complaire (stem complais-) ‘acquiesce to please’, from Latin complacēre: see COMPLACENCY]■Usage 用法说明 Complaisant should not be confused with complacent. complaisant 不要与 complacent 用混。 

compleat archaic var.  of COMPLETE [古义] COMPLETE 的变体

complement n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒmplim(ə)nt/  1  a  something that completes 补充物，补足物b  one of a pair, or one of two things that go together 配对物，互为补充的东西 2 (often 常作 full complement)  the full number needed to man a ship, fill a conveyance, etc. (舰船的)编制名额；(运输工具的)装运定额 3 Gram.  a word or phrase added to a verb to complete the predicate of a sentence 【语法】补足语 4 Biochem.  a group of proteins in the blood which, in conjunction with antibodies, assist in the destruction of bacteria etc. 【生化】(血清中的)补体，防御素 5 Math.  any element not belonging to a specified set or class 【数】余，补，补数 6 Geom.  the amount by which an angle is less than 90° (cf. 参见 SUPPLEMENT n. 5) 【几】余角 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒmpliment/  1  complete 补足，补充 2  form a complement to 与…相配  the scarf complements her dress  那条围巾正好与她的连衣裙相配 □ complemental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin complementum (as COMPLETE)]

complementarity /ˌkɒmplimenˈtæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a complementary relationship or situation 互为补充，相互配合 2 Physics  the concept that a single model may not be adequate to explain atomic systems in different experimental conditions 【物理学】互补性，对偶性(即一个模式可能不足以说明不同实验条件下原子系统的概念)

complementary /kɒmpliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  completing; forming a complement 补充的，补足的；相配的 2 (of two or more things) complementing each other (两个或多个事物)互为补充的 □ complementarily  adv.  □ complementariness  n.  

complementary angle n.  either of two angles making up 90° 余角

complementary colour n.  a colour that, combined with a given colour, makes white or black 互补色(混合后产生白色或黑色的两种颜色)

complementary medicine n.  = ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 

complete /kəmˈpli:t/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  having all its parts; entire 完整的，全部的，完全的  the set is complete  这一套是完整的 2  finished 完成的，结束的  my task is complete  我的任务完成了 3  of the maximum extent or degree 十足的，彻底的，地地道道的  a complete surprise  完全出乎意料的事 a complete stranger  素不相识的人 4 (also 亦作 compleat after Walton's Compleat Angler) usu. joc.  accomplished [通常诙]有造诣的，非常熟练的  the complete horseman  全能骑手 ●v. tr.  1  finish 完成，结束 2  a  make whole or perfect 使完整，使完美b  make up the amount of 使完全，补足…的数额  completes the quota  完成定额 3  fill in the answers to (a questionnaire etc.) 填写(调查问卷等) 4 (usu. absol. [通常含宾]) Law  conclude a sale of property 【法律】做成一笔财产交易 □ complete with   having (as an important accessory) (作为重要的附加物或附属品)有，具有  comes complete with instructions  附有使用说明书□ completely  adv.  □ completeness  n.  □ completion  /-ˈpli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French complet or Latin completus, past part. of complēre ‘fill up’]

completist /kəmˈpli:tist/ n. & adj. ●n.  an obsessive or indiscriminate collector (收藏中的)求全主义者 ●adj.  intent on completeness 求全主义的，渴望完整的

complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a building, a series of rooms, a network, etc. made up of related parts (由相关部分构成的)一系列房屋，建筑群；网络系统  the arts complex  艺术中心 2 Psychol.  a related group of usu. repressed feelings or thoughts which cause abnormal behaviour or mental states 【心】情结(通常由压抑的感情引起的不正常行为或精神状态)  inferiority complex  自卑情结 Oedipus complex  俄狄浦斯情结，恋母情结 3 (in general use) a preoccupation or obsession (一般用法)成见，变态心理  has a complex about punctuality  对准时正点有一种病态执着 4 Chem.  a compound in which molecules or ions form coordinate bonds to a metal atom or ion 【化】配位体化合物，络合物 ●adj.  1  consisting of related parts; composite 由相关部件组成的，组合的 2  complicated 复杂的，错综的  a complex problem  复杂的问题 3 Math.  containing real and imaginary parts (cf. 参见 IMAGINARY) 【数】复的(包含实数和虚数部分的) □ complexity  /kəmˈpleksiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ complexly  adv.   [French complexe or Latin complexus, past part. of complectere ‘embrace’, associated with complexus ‘plaited’]

complexion /kəmˈplekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the natural colour, texture, and appearance, of the skin, esp. of the face (尤指面部的)自然肤色，面色 2  an aspect; a character 局面，样子；性质  puts a different complexion on the matter  使这件事情的性质发生改变 □ complexioned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [originally = combination of supposed qualities determining the nature of a body: Middle English via Old French from Latin complexio -onis (as COMPLEX)]

complex sentence n.  a sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses 复合句

compliance /kəmˈplaiəns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of complying; obedience to a request, command, etc. (对要求、命令等的)遵从，依从，顺从 2 Mech. 【机】  a  the capacity to yield under an applied force 柔性，可塑性b  the degree of such yielding 柔量，可塑程度 3  unworthy acquiescence 屈从，顺从，迁就 □ in compliance with   according to (a wish, command, etc.) 遵照，按照(意愿、命令等)

compliant /kəmˈplaiənt/ adj.  disposed to comply; yielding, obedient 遵从的，依从的，顺从的，屈从的 □ compliantly  adv.  

complicate /ˈkɒmplikeit/ v. tr. & intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make or become difficult, confused, intricate, or complex 使复杂化，变复杂，使错综 2 (as 作 complicated adj.)  complex; intricate 复杂的，难懂的 □ complicatedly  adv.  □ complicatedness  n.   [Latin complicare complicat- (as COM-, plicare ‘fold’)]

complication /kɒmpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an involved or confused condition or state 复杂情况，混乱状态b  a complicating circumstance; a difficulty 使情况复杂的事情，难题 2 Med.  a secondary disease or condition aggravating a previous one 【医】并发症 [French complication or Late Latin complicatio (as COMPLICATE)]

complicity /kəmˈplisiti/ n.  partnership in a crime or wrongdoing (犯罪或错误中的)合谋，串通 □ complicit  adj.   [complice (see ACCOMPLICE) + -ITY]

compliment n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒmplim(ə)nt/  1  a  a spoken or written expression of praise 赞美；恭维b  an act or circumstance implying praise 赞美的行为(或情况)  their success was a compliment to their efforts  他们的成功是对他们所做出努力的赞美 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  formal greetings, esp. as a written accompaniment to a gift etc. (尤指附在礼物等上的正式的)问候，祝贺  with the compliments of the management  经理部敬赠b  praise 赞词  my compliments to the cook  代我向厨师致敬 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒmpliment/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  congratulate; praise 祝贺，赞美  complimented him on his roses  赞美他的玫瑰花漂亮 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  present as a mark of courtesy 赠送…以表示敬意  complimented her with his attention  用全神贯注的听她讲话来表示他的敬意 □ pay a compliment to   praise 赞美，恭维□ return the compliment   1  give a compliment in return for another 回敬别人的问候 2  retaliate or recompense in kind 以牙还牙，一报还一报 [French complimenter from Italian complimento, ultimately from Latin complēre ‘fill up, fulfil’ (the requirements of courtesy)]

complimentary /kɒmpliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  expressing a compliment; praising 表示敬意的，赞美的，恭维的 2 (of a ticket for a play etc.) given free of charge, esp. as a mark of favour (戏票等)赠送的 □ complimentarily  adv.  

compliments of the season n. pl.  greetings appropriate to the time of year, esp. Christmas (尤指圣诞节时的)节日的祝贺

compliments slip n. esp. Brit.  a printed slip of paper sent with a gift etc., esp. from a business firm [尤英] (尤指商业公司附在礼品上的)礼帖，赠礼便条

compline /ˈkɒmplin, -ain/ n. Eccl.  the office of the seventh canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the end of the day 【教会】晚祷仪式；晚祷时间 [Middle English from Old French complie, fem. past part. of obsolete complir ‘complete’, ultimately from Latin complēre ‘fill up’]

comply /kəmˈplai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  act in accordance (with a wish, command, etc.) 遵从，依从，顺从(意愿、命令等)  complied with her conditions  依从了她的条件 had no choice but to comply  除了服从别无选择 [Italian complire via Catalan complir, Spanish cumplir from Latin complēre ‘fill up’]

compo1 /ˈkɒmpəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  a composition of plaster etc., e.g. stucco 水泥砂浆；灰泥；混合涂料 ●adj. Brit. [英]  = COMPOSITEadj. 1, 2  [abbreviation]

compo2 /ˈkɒmpəʊ/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  compensation, esp. that paid for an industrial injury [澳新] [俚语] (尤指工伤的)赔偿费 [abbreviation]

component /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a part of a larger whole, esp. part of a motor vehicle 组成部分；(尤指汽车的)零件，部件 2 Math.  one of two or more vectors equivalent to a given vector 【数】分量(与已知量相等的两个或多个分量之一) ●adj.  being part of a larger whole 组成的，构成的  assembled the component parts  把构件装配起来 □ componential  /kɒmpəˈnenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin componere component- (as COM-, ponere ‘put’)]

compo rations n. pl. Brit.  a large pack of food designed to last for several days [英]可供数天食用的食品 [COMPO1]

comport /kəmˈpɔ:t/ v. refl. usu. literary  conduct oneself; behave [通常文学用语]举动，举止，表现 □ comport with   suit, befit 适合于，相称□ comportment  n.   [Latin comportare (as COM-, portare ‘carry’)]

compos /ˈkɒmpɒs/ adj.  = COMPOS MENTIS 

compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ v.  1  a tr.  construct or create (a work of art, esp. literature or music) 创作(艺术作品，尤文学或音乐作品)b intr.  compose music 作曲  gave up composing in 1917  于 1917 年放弃了作曲 2 tr.  constitute; make up 组成，构成  six tribes which composed the German nation  组成德意志民族的 6 个部落 3 tr.  put together to form a whole, esp. artistically; order, arrange (尤指艺术性地)构图；整理，安排  composed the group for the photographer  为摄影师安排人物布局 4 tr.  a (often 常作 refl.)  calm; settle 使(自己)平静，使(自己)镇定  compose your expression  使你的表情镇定下来 composed himself to wait  平静下来等候b (as 作 composed adj.)  calm, settled 沉着的，镇定的 5 tr.  settle (a dispute etc.) 调解，调停(争端等) 6 tr. Printing 【印刷】  a  set up (type) to form words and blocks of words 排字b  set up (a manuscript etc.) in type 排(手稿等)的版 □ composed of   made up of; consisting of 由…组成(或构成)  a flock composed of sheep and goats  由绵羊和山羊组成的羊群□ composedly  /-zidli/ adv.   [French composer from Latin componere (as COM-, ponere ‘put’)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, compose is preferable to comprise (see Usage Note at comprise). 使用 compose 的释义 2 表示“构成，组成”比使用 comprise 更好些(见 comprise 词条的用法说明)。 

composer /kəmˈpəʊzə/ n.  a person who composes (esp. music) (尤指)作曲者，作曲家

composite /ˈkɒmpəzit/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  made up of various parts; blended 混成的，综合的，合成的 2 (esp. of a synthetic building material) made up of recognizable constituents (尤指合成建筑材料)混合的，复合的 3 (作 Composite) Archit.  of the fifth classical order of architecture, consisting of elements of the Ionic and Corinthian orders 【建】混合柱型的(第 5 种古典柱型，包含爱奥尼亚和科林斯柱型的成分) 4 Bot.  of the plant family Compositae 【植】菊科的 ●n.  1  a thing made up of several parts or elements 合成物，混合物 2  a synthetic building material 复合建筑材料 3 Bot.  a plant of the family Compositae, having a head of many small flowers forming one bloom, e.g. the daisy, the dandelion 【植】菊科植物(如雏菊、蒲公英) 4 /ˈkɒmpəzait/ Polit.  a resolution composed of two or more related resolutions 【政】(由两个或多个相关决议组成的)综合决议 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒmpəzait/ Polit.  amalgamate (two or more similar resolutions) 【政】综合，合并(两个或多个相似的决议) □ compositely  adv.  □ compositeness  n.   [French from Latin compositus, past part. of componere (as COM-, ponere posit- ‘put’)]

composition /kɒmpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of putting together; formation or construction 组成，构成b  something so composed; a mixture 搀合物；混合物c  the constitution of such a mixture; the nature of its ingredients (混合物的)构成方式，构成成分的性质  the composition is two parts oil to one part vinegar  混合配比是两份油一份醋 2  a  a literary or musical work (文学或音乐)作品b  the act or art of producing such a work (文学或音乐作品的)创作，创作艺术c  an essay, esp. written by a schoolchild or student (尤指学生的)作文d  an artistic arrangement (of parts of a picture, subjects for a photograph, etc.) (图画、照片等的)构图，布局 3  mental constitution; character 气质，脾气，性格  jealousy is not in his composition  妒忌不是他的脾气禀性 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a compound artificial substance, esp. one serving the purpose of a natural one (尤指用于替代天然物的)合成物 5 Printing  the setting-up of type 【印刷】排字，排版，制版 6 Gram.  the formation of words into a compound word 【语法】合成(构词)法，复合(构词)法 7 Law 【法律】  a  a compromise, esp. a legal agreement to pay a sum in lieu of a larger sum, or other obligation 和解协议，和解偿还(尤指偿还部分债款以了结债务)  made a composition with his creditors  与他的债权人签订了一份和解偿还协议b  a sum paid in this way 和解偿还的债款 8 Math.  the combination of functions in a series 【数】合成函数，合成函数的运算 □ compositional  adj.  □ compositionally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, from Latin compositio -onis (as COMPOSITE)]

compositor /kəmˈpɒzitə/ n. Printing  a person who sets up type for printing 【印刷】排字工人 [Middle English via Anglo-French compositour from Latin compositor (as COMPOSITE)]

compos mentis /ˈmentis/ adj.  having control of one's mind; sane 心神健全的，神志正常的 [Latin]

compossible /kəmˈpɒsib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) formal  able to coexist [正式]可共存的，能共存的 [Old French from medieval Latin compossibilis (as COM-, POSSIBLE)]

compost /ˈkɒmpɒst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  mixed manure, esp. of organic origin 混合肥料，堆肥，(尤指)有机肥料b  a loam soil or other medium with added compost, used for growing plants (用于栽培作物的)壤土，混合肥料 2  a mixture of ingredients 混合成分  a rich compost of lies and innuendo  充满谎言和影射的话 ●v. tr.  1  treat (soil) with compost 给(土壤)施堆肥 2  make (manure, vegetable matter, etc.) into compost 把…制成堆肥 [Middle English via Old French composte from Latin compos(i)tum (as COMPOSITE)]

compost heap n. (also 亦作 compost pile)  a layered structure of garden refuse, soil, etc., which decays to become compost 肥堆

composure /kəmˈpəʊʒə/ n.  a tranquil manner; calmness 镇静，沉着 [COMPOSE + -URE]

compote /ˈkɒmpəʊt, -ɒt/ n.  fruit preserved or cooked in syrup 蜜饯，糖水水果 [French from Old French composte (as COMPOSITE)]

compound1 n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/  1  a mixture of two or more things, qualities, etc. 复合物 2 (also 亦作 compound word)  a word made up of two or more existing words 复合词 3 Chem.  a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions 【化】化合物 ●adj. /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/  1  a  made up of several ingredients 复合的，化合的b  consisting of several parts 混合的，组合的 2  combined; collective 结合的，综合的 3 Zool.  consisting of individual organisms 【动】群体的，复合的 4 Biol.  consisting of several or many parts 【生】复合的 ●v. /kəmˈpaʊnd/  1 tr.  mix or combine (ingredients, ideas, motives, etc.) 混合，结合(成分、观点、动机等)  grief compounded with fear  悲哀与恐惧交加 2 tr.  increase or complicate (difficulties etc.) 增加，加重(困难等)  anxiety compounded by discomfort  身体不适加重了焦虑 3 tr.  make up (a composite whole) 复合；化合；组合；合成 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  settle (a debt, dispute, etc.) by concession or special arrangement (通过互让)了结债务，解决争端 5 tr. Law 【法律】  a  condone (a liability or offence) in exchange for money etc. (以钱)了结(责任、罪行等)b  forbear from prosecuting (a felony) from private motives (出于私人动机而)宽恕重罪 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, for) Law  come to terms with a person, for forgoing a claim etc. for an offence 【法律】(与某人)达成协议(放弃索赔、起诉等) 7 tr.  combine (words or elements) into a word 将(词或语素)合成复合词 □ compoundable  /kəmˈpaʊndəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English compoun(e) via Old French compondre from Latin componere (as COM-, ponere ‘put’: -d as in expound)]

compound2 /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ n.  1  a large open enclosure for housing workers etc., esp. miners in S. Africa 有围墙的院子(供工人居住，尤指南非的矿工院) 2  an enclosure, esp. in India, China, etc., in which a factory or a house stands (cf. 参见 KAMPONG) 有围墙的建筑群，大院(尤指印度、中国等国家工厂或房屋的院落) 3  a large enclosed space in a prison or prison camp (监狱或集中营)用围墙围住的场地 4  = POUND3  [Portuguese campon or Dutch kampong, from Malay]

compounder /kəmˈpaʊndə/ n.  a person who makes a compound of ingredients, e.g. drugs, animal feed (复方药物或动物饲料的)配制者

compound eye n.  an eye consisting of numerous visual units, as found in insects and crustaceans (cf. 参见 SIMPLE EYE) (昆虫和甲壳纲动物的)复眼

compound fracture n.  a fracture in which a bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection 哆开骨折，有创骨折

compound fruit n.  1  = AGGREGATE FRUIT  2  = MULTIPLE FRUIT 

compound interest n.  interest payable on both capital and the accumulated interest (cf. 参见 SIMPLE INTEREST) 复利(即在本金和累积利息基础上支付的利息)

compound interval n. Mus.  an interval exceeding one octave 【音】复音程(即大于八度的音程)

compound leaf n.  a leaf consisting of several or many leaflets 复叶

compound sentence n.  a sentence with more than one subject or predicate 复合句，并列句

compound time n. Mus.  a tempo with more than one group of simple time units in each bar 【音】复拍子(即每小节多于一组单拍子的节奏)

comprador /kɒmprəˈdɔ:/ n. (also 亦作 compradore)  1 hist.  a Chinese business agent of a foreign company [史义] (解放前外国公司在中国的)买办 2  an agent of a foreign power (外国政权的)买办，洋奴才 [Portuguese comprador ‘buyer’, via Late Latin comparator from Latin comparare ‘purchase’]

comprehend /kɒmpriˈhend/ v. tr.  1  grasp mentally; understand (a person or a thing) 领会(某事)；理解(某人) 2  include; take in 包含，包括 [Middle English from Old French comprehender or Latin comprehendere comprehens- (as COM-, prehendere ‘grasp’)]

comprehensible /kɒmpriˈhensib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be understood; intelligible 可理解的；明白易懂的 2  that can be included or contained 可包含的，可包括的 □ comprehensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ comprehensibly  adv.   [French compréhensible or Latin comprehensibilis (as COMPREHEND)]

comprehension /kɒmpriˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or capability of understanding, esp. writing or speech (尤指对文章或演讲的)理解，理解力b Brit.  an extract from a text set as an examination, with questions designed to test understanding of it [英]理解力测验 2  inclusion 包含，容纳 3 Eccl. hist.  the inclusion of Nonconformists in the Anglican Church 【教会】[史义] (英国国教会对非国教徒的)容纳 [French compréhension or Latin comprehensio (as COMPREHENSIBLE)]

comprehensive /kɒmpriˈhensiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  complete; including all or nearly all elements, aspects, etc. 广泛的，综合的，无所不包的  a comprehensive grasp of the subject  对这个学科的全面掌握 2  of or relating to understanding 理解的，有关理解的  the comprehensive faculty  理解力 3 (of motor vehicle insurance) providing complete protection (汽车保险的)保综合险的 ●n. (in full 全称 comprehensive school) Brit.  a secondary school catering for children of all abilities from a given area [英] (招收具有不同能力学生的)综合中学 □ comprehensively  adv.  □ comprehensiveness  n.   [French compréhensif -ive or Late Latin comprehensivus (as COMPREHENSIBLE)]

compress v. & n. ●v. tr. /kəmˈpres/  1  squeeze together 压紧，挤压 2  bring into a smaller space or shorter extent 压缩；缩短 ●n. /ˈkɒmpres/  a pad of lint etc. pressed on to part of the body to relieve inflammation, stop bleeding, etc. (用于缓解炎症、止血等的)敷布，压布 □ compressible  /kəmˈpresib(ə)l/ adj.  □ compressibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ compressive  /kəmˈpresiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French compresser or Late Latin compressare, frequentative of Latin comprimere compress- (as COM-, premere ‘press’)]

compressed air n.  air at more than atmospheric pressure 压缩空气

compression /kəmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of compressing or being compressed (被)压紧，(被)挤压 2  the reduction in volume (causing an increase in pressure) of the fuel mixture in an internal-combustion engine before ignition (内燃机点火前使燃料混合物加压的)压缩 [French from Latin compressio (as COMPRESS)]

compression ratio n.  the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal-combustion engine 压缩比(指内燃机汽缸的最大和最小体积之比)

compressor /kəmˈpresə/ n.  an instrument or device for compressing, esp. a machine used for increasing the pressure of air or other gases 压缩器，压缩装置，(尤指)压缩机，压气机

comprise /kəmˈpraiz/ v.  1 tr.  consist of, be made up of; contain 由…组成，由…构成；包含，包括  the book comprises 350 pages  那本书共有 350 页 2 tr. disp.  make up, compose [异议]构成，组成  the essays comprise his total work  那些散文构成了他全部的作品 3 tr. (in passive 用被动 , foll. by 后跟 of) disp.  consist of [异议]由…组成  the army was comprised of volunteers  这支军队是由志愿者组成的 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of) disp.  consist of [异议]由…构成  the region comprises of three separate districts  这个地区是由 3 个不相连的区构成的 □ comprisable  adj.   [Middle English from French, fem. past part. of comprendre COMPREHEND]■Usage 用法说明 The use of comprise in senses 2 and 3 is still regarded as non-standard by some people and its use in sense 4, formed on analogy with consist of, is especially frowned upon. More acceptable alternatives are consist of, be composed of, or simply comprise without of (as in sense 1). 有些人仍然认为 comprise 词条的释义 2 、 3 的用法是不规范的。由 consist of 类推而来的释义 4 尤其不能被人们所接受。比较可接受的替换词语是 consist of, be composed of, 或者仅用 comprise (释义 1) ，不加 of 。 

compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the settlement of a dispute by mutual concession 和解，(通过互让)了结争执  reached a compromise by bargaining  通过谈判达成和解 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  an intermediate state between conflicting opinions, actions, etc., reached by mutual concession or modification (矛盾的观点、行为之间经互让达成的)妥协，折中  a compromise between ideals and material necessity  理想与物质需求之间的折中 ●v.  1  a intr.  settle a dispute by mutual concession 妥协，(通过互让)解决争执  compromised over the terms  就条款达成妥协b tr. archaic  settle (a dispute) by mutual concession [古义]通过互让解决(争执) 2 tr.  bring into disrepute or danger esp. by indiscretion or folly (尤指因愚蠢行为或轻率鲁莽而)损伤名誉，危及；损害 □ compromiser  n.  □ compromisingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French compromis from Late Latin compromissum, neut. past part. of compromittere (as COM-, promittere PROMISE)]

compte rendu /ˌkɔ˜t rɑ˜ˈdju:, 法 kɔ˜t rɑ˜dy/ n. (pl. comptes rendus pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a report; a review; a statement 报告；评论；叙述 [French, = account rendered]

Comptometer /kɒm(p)ˈtɒmitə/ n. Brit. propr.  an early type of calculating machine [英] [商标]康普托计算机 [apparently from French compte COUNT1 + -METER]

comptroller /kənˈtrəʊlə/ n.  a controller (used in the title of some financial officers) 主管会计；审计员  Comptroller and Auditor General  总主管会计和总审计 [variant of CONTROLLER, by erroneous association with COUNT1, Late Latin computus]

compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a constraint; an obligation 强迫，强制；被迫 2 Psychol.  an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way, esp. against one's conscious wishes 【心】强迫；强迫作用；(尤指与自己愿望相悖的)无法抑制的欲望，冲动 □ under compulsion   because one is compelled 被迫地 [Middle English via French from Late Latin compulsio -onis (as COMPEL)]

compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsiv/ adj.  1  compelling 强制的，强迫的 2  resulting or acting from, or as if from, compulsion 有强迫力似的；上瘾的  a compulsive gambler  嗜赌成癖的赌徒 3 Psychol.  resulting or acting from compulsion against one's conscious wishes 【心】由(无法抑制)欲望造成的；因(无法抑制)欲望而为的 4  irresistible 无法抑制的  compulsive viewing  无节制的收看(电视) □ compulsively  adv.  □ compulsiveness  n.   [medieval Latin compulsivus (as COMPEL)]

compulsory /kəmˈpʌls(ə)ri/ adj.  1  required by law or a rule 法律规定的，规章要求的  it is compulsory to keep dogs on leads  法律规定养狗必须拴起来 2  essential; necessary 必不可少的，非常重要的 □ compulsorily  adv.  □ compulsoriness  n.   [medieval Latin compulsorius (as COMPEL)]

compulsory purchase n. Brit.  the enforced purchase of land or property by a local authority etc., for public use [英] (地方政府对土地、财产等的)强制征购

compunction /kəmˈpʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  1  the pricking of the conscience; remorse 内疚；悔恨；自责 2  slight regret; a scruple 后悔；不安  without compunction  毫无顾忌地 have no compunction in refusing him  毫不后悔地拒绝了他 □ compunctious  /-ʃəs/ adj.  □ compunctiously  /-ʃəsli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French componction and ecclesiastical Latin compunctio -onis from Latin compungere compunct- (as COM-, pungere ‘prick’)]

compurgation /kɒmpɜ:ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Law hist.  an acquittal from a charge or accusation obtained by the oaths of witnesses 【法律】[史义] (旧时由证人宣誓证明而)宣告无罪，无罪释放 □ compurgatory  /kəmˈpɜ:ɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin compurgatio from Latin compurgare (as COM-, purgare ‘purify’)]

compurgator /ˈkɒmpɜ:ɡeitə/ n. Law hist.  a witness who swore to the innocence or good character of an accused person 【法律】[史义] (宣誓证明被告无辜或者品行端正的)证人

computation /kɒmpjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reckoning; calculation 计算 2  the use of a computer 计算机的使用 3  a result obtained by calculation 计算结果 □ computational  adj.  □ computationally  adv.  

compute /kəmˈpju:t/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  reckon or calculate (a number, an amount, etc.) 估算，计算(数目、数量等) 2 intr.  make a reckoning, esp. using a computer (尤指使用计算机)计算 □ computable  /-ˈpju:təb(ə)l, ˈkɒm-/ adj.  □ computability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.   [French computer or Latin computare (as COM-, putare ‘reckon’)]

computer /kəmˈpju:tə/ n.  1  a usu. electronic device for storing and processing data (usu. in binary form), according to instructions given to it in a variable program 电子计算机，电脑 2  a person who computes or makes calculations 计算者，计算员

computerate /kəmˈpju:tərət/ adj.  = COMPUTER-LITERATE  [COMPUTER + -ATE3, on the pattern of LITERATE]

computerize /kəmˈpju:təraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  equip with a computer; install a computer in 为…配备计算机，为…安装计算机 2  store, perform, or produce by computer 用计算机操作(存储、完成或生产等) □ computerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

computer-literate adj.  able to use computers; familiar with the operation of computers 非计算机盲的，会使用计算机的

computer programmer n.  a person who writes computer programs 计算机程序员

computer science n.  the study of the principles and use of computers 计算机科学

computer virus n.  a hidden code within a computer program intended to corrupt a system or destroy data stored in it 计算机病毒

compère /ˈkɒmpɛə/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  a person who introduces and links the artistes in a variety show etc.; a master of ceremonies (节目的)主持人；(典礼仪式的)主持人 ●v.  1 tr.  act as a compère to 主持，当…的主持人 2 intr.  act as compère 当主持人 [French, = godfather, from Romanic (as COM-, Latin pater ‘father’)]

comrade /ˈkɒmreid/ n.  1 (also 亦作 comrade-in-arms)  a (usu. of males) a workmate, friend, or companion (通常指男性)同事，朋友，伙伴b  a fellow soldier etc. 战友 2 Polit.  a fellow socialist or communist (often as a form of address) 【政】(社会主义者或共产党人之间的称呼)同志 □ comradely  adj.  □ comradeship  n.   [earlier cama- camerade, via French camerade, camarade (originally fem.) and Spanish camarada ‘room-mate’, from Latin CAMERA]

Comsat /ˈkɒmsæt/ n. propr.  a communication satellite [商标]通信卫星 [abbreviation]

con1 /kɒn/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a confidence trick 骗局 ●v. tr. (conned, conning)  swindle; deceive 诈骗，欺骗  conned him into thinking he had won  欺骗他，使他以为自己赢了 [abbreviation]

con2 /kɒn/ n., prep. & adv. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a reason against 反对…的理由 ●prep. & adv.  against (cf. 参见 PRO2) 反对 [Latin contra ‘against’]

con3 /kɒn/ n. slang  a convict [俚语]囚犯，罪犯 [abbreviation]

con4 /kɒn/ v. tr. (US [美] conn) (conned, conning) Naut.  direct the steering of (a ship) 【海】指挥(船只的)驾驶 [apparently weakened form of obsolete cond, condie, via French conduire, from Latin conducere CONDUCT]

con5 /kɒn/ v. tr. (conned, conning) (often foll. by 常后跟 over) archaic  study, learn by heart [古义]熟读；研究；默记  conned his part well  把他的台词背得很熟 [Middle English cunn-, con, forms of CAN1]

con- /kɒn, kən/ prefix  assim. form of COM- before c, d, f, g, j, n, q, s, t, v, and sometimes before vowels.COM- 的同化形式(位于 c 、 d 、 f 、 g 、 j 、 n 、 q 、 s 、 t 、 v 之前，有时也位于元音之前)

conacre /ˈkɒneikə/ n. Ir.  the letting by a tenant of small portions of land prepared for crops or grazing [爱尔兰] (佃户的)小块地租赁 [CORN1 + ACRE]

con amore /ˌkɒn æˈmɔ:rei, 意 kɔn aˈmo:re/ adv.  1  with devotion or zeal 热情地，热心地 2 Mus.  tenderly 【音】亲切地，温柔地 [Italian, = with love]

conation /kəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. Philos. & Psychol. 【哲】【心】  1  the desire to perform an action 意动，意图 2  voluntary action; volition 自愿的行动；行动意志 □ conative  /ˈkɒnətiv, ˈkəʊ-/ adj.   [Latin conatio from conari ‘try’]

con brio /kɒn ˈbri:əʊ/ adv. Mus.  with vigour 【音】活泼有力地 [Italian]

concatenate /kənˈkætineit/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  link together (a chain of events, things, etc.) 把(一系列事件、事情等)联系起来 ●adj.  joined; linked 连接的；联系在一起的 □ concatenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin concatenare (as COM-, catenare from catena ‘chain’)]

concave /ˈkɒnkeiv/ adj.  having an outline or surface curved like the interior of a circle or sphere (cf. 参见 CONVEX) 凹的，凹面的 □ concavely  adv.  □ concavity  /-ˈkæviti/ n.   [Latin concavus (as COM-, cavus ‘hollow’), or through French concave]

conceal /kənˈsi:l/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  keep secret 隐瞒  concealed her motive from him  对他隐瞒了她的动机 2  not allow to be seen; hide 隐藏，掩盖  concealed the letter in her pocket  把信藏在她的衣袋里 □ concealer  n.  □ concealment  n.   [Middle English via Old French conceler from Latin concelare (as COM-, celare ‘hide’)]

concede /kənˈsi:d/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  admit (a defeat etc.) to be true 承认(失败等)为真，不情愿地承认  conceded that his work was inadequate  承认他的工作做得不够b  admit defeat in 承认失败，认输 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  grant, yield, or surrender (a right, a privilege, points or a start in a game, etc.) 容许，授予，让与(权利、特权、得分或比赛发球权等) 3 Sport  allow an opponent to score (a goal) or to win (a match), etc. 【运动】让(对手)得分，让(对手)赢得比赛 □ conceder  n.   [French concéder or Latin concedere concess- (as COM-, cedere ‘yield’)]

conceit /kənˈsi:t/ n.  1  personal vanity; pride 自负；骄傲自满 2 literary [文学用语]  a  a far-fetched comparison, esp. as a stylistic affectation; a convoluted or unlikely metaphor 牵强附会的比喻；矫揉造作的文体b  a fanciful notion 别出心裁的想法 [Middle English from CONCEIVE, influenced by deceit, deceive, etc.]

conceited /kənˈsi:tid/ adj.  vain, proud 自负的，骄傲自满的 □ conceitedly  adv.  □ conceitedness  n.  

conceivable /kənˈsi:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being grasped or imagined; understandable 可想到的；可想像的；可理解的 □ conceivability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ conceivably  adv.  

conceive /kənˈsi:v/ v.  1 intr.  become pregnant 怀孕 2 tr.  become pregnant with (a child) 怀(胎) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  imagine, fancy, think 想像，幻想，想到  can't conceive that he could be guilty  真想不到他会犯罪b (usu. in passive 通常用被动形式)  formulate, express (a belief, a plan, etc.) 构想，设想(计划等)；表达(信念等) □ conceive of   form in the mind; imagine 构想，想像 [Middle English via Old French conceiv-, stressed stem of concevoir, from Latin concipere concept- (as COM-, capere ‘take’)]

concelebrate /kɒnˈselibreit/ v. intr. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1 (of priests) celebrate the Mass together (几位牧师)共同主领(弥撒) 2 (esp. of a newly ordained priest) celebrate the Mass with the ordaining bishop (尤指新受圣职的神父与授职主教)共同主领(弥撒) □ concelebrant  /-br(ə)nt/ n.  □ concelebration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin concelebrare (as COM-, celebrare CELEBRATE)]

concentrate /ˈkɒns(ə)ntreit/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  focus all one's attention or mental ability 集中注意力，全神贯注 2 tr.  bring together (troops, power, attention, etc.) to one point; focus 集结(部队)；集中(权力、注意力等) 3 tr.  increase the strength of (a solution etc.) by removing water or other diluting agent 浓缩(溶液等) 4 tr. (as 作 concentrated adj.) (of hate etc.) intense, strong (指仇恨等)强烈的 ●n.  1  a concentrated substance 浓缩物 2  a concentrated form of esp. food (尤指)浓缩食品 □ concentratedly  adv.  □ concentrative  adj.  □ concentrator  n.   [from earlier concentre or its source, French concentrer (as CON- + CENTRE)]

concentration /kɒns(ə)nˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or power of focusing one's attention or mental ability 专心，专注；注意力  needs to develop concentration  需要培养专心致志的能力 broke my concentration  打断了我的注意力 2  the act of gathering or bringing together 集中，聚集 3  something so gathered 集中物，聚集物  a concentration of resources  集中资源 4 Chem. 【化】  a  the act of strengthening a solution by the removal of solvent 浓缩b  the strength of a solution, esp. the amount of solute per unit volume of solution 浓度

concentration camp n.  a camp for the detention of political prisoners, internees, etc., esp. in Nazi Germany (关押政治犯、被拘留者等的)集中营；(尤指纳粹德国的)集中营

concentre /kɒnˈsentə/ v. tr. & intr. (US [美] concenter)  bring or come to a common centre 使集中于同一中心，集中 [French concentrer: see CONCENTRATE]

concentric /kənˈsentrik/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (esp. of circles) having a common centre (cf. 参见 ECCENTRIC adj. 2a) (尤指数个圆)同圆心的 □ concentrically  adv.  □ concentricity  /kɒnsenˈtrisiti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French concentrique or medieval Latin concentricus (as COM-, CENTRE)]

concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n.  1  a general notion; an abstract idea 概念，观念，思想  the concept of evolution  进化论的观点 2 colloq.  an idea or invention to help sell or publicize a commodity [口] (商品的)新颖设计，创造性设计  a new concept in swimwear  游泳衣的新颖设计 3 Philos.  an idea or mental picture of a group or class of objects formed by combining all their aspects 【哲】概念 [Late Latin conceptus from concept-: see CONCEIVE]

conception /kənˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of conceiving; the process of being conceived 构想，设想 2  an idea or plan, esp. as being new or daring 概念，观念；设计，计划  the whole conception showed originality  整个设计表现出了独创性 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  understanding; ability to imagine 理解力；想像力  has no conception of what it entails  想像不出它将需要什么 □ conceptional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin conceptio -onis (as CONCEPT)]

conceptive /kənˈseptiv/ adj.  1  conceiving mentally 构想的，设想的 2  of conception 概念上的 [Latin conceptivus (as CONCEPTION)]

conceptual /kənˈseptjʊəl/ adj.  of mental conceptions or concepts 概念的；观念的 □ conceptually  adv.   [medieval Latin conceptualis from conceptus (as CONCEPT)]

conceptualism /kənˈseptjʊəliz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the theory that universals exist, but only as concepts in the mind 【哲】概念论(即宇宙在人的头脑中作为一些概念而存在的观点) □ conceptualist  n.  

conceptualize /kənˈseptjʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  form a concept or idea of 使概念化，形成概念(或想法) □ conceptualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

conceptus /kənˈseptəs/ n.  the product of conception in the womb, esp. the embryo in the early stages of pregnancy 孕体(尤指怀孕初期的胚胎) [Latin, = conception, embryo]

concern /kənˈsɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  be relevant or important to 涉及，和…有关；对…重要  this concerns you  这件事和你有关b  relate to; be about 有关联；关于 2 (usu. 通常作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 with, in, about, or to + infin.)  interest or involve oneself 使挂念，使牵扯  don't concern yourself with my problems  你不用为我的事情担心 3  worry, affect 使担心，使不安  it concerns me that he is always late  他总是迟到，使我不安 ●n.  1  anxiety, worry 担心，忧虑，挂念  felt a deep concern  感到非常忧虑 2  a  a matter of interest or importance to one 感兴趣的事，重要的事  no concern of mine  跟我毫无关系b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  affairs; private business 事务；私事  chatted about departmental concerns  谈论部门的事务 3  a business; a firm 公司；企业  quite a prosperous concern  一个生意很兴隆的公司 4 colloq.  a complicated or awkward thing [口]复杂的事，难堪的事  have lost the whole concern  把一切难堪的事都抛在脑后 □ have a concern in   have an interest or share in 在…中有利害关系，在…中有一份□ have no concern with   have nothing to do with 与…无关□ to whom it may concern   to those who have a proper interest in the matter (as an address to the reader of a testimonial, reference, etc.) (推荐书、介绍信的开头用语)敬启者，致有关负责人 [French concerner or Late Latin concernere (as COM-, cernere ‘sift, discern’)]

concerned /kənˈsɜ:nd/ adj.  1  involved, interested 有关的，有牵连的；感性趣的  the people concerned  有关的人 concerned with proving his innocence  很想证明他是清白无辜的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that, about, at, for, or to + infin.)  troubled, anxious 担心的，忧虑的，挂念的  concerned about him  牵挂他 concerned to hear that  听到那件事情后很担心 □ as (or so) far as I am concerned   as regards my interests 就我而言，对我来说□ be concerned  (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take part 参与，参加□ I am not concerned   it is not my business 与我无关□ concernedly  /-ˈsɜ:nidli/ adv.  □ concernedness  /-ˈsɜ:nidnis/ n.  

concerning /kənˈsɜ:niŋ/ prep.  about, regarding 论及，关于

concernment /kənˈsɜ:nm(ə)nt/ n. formal [正式]  1  an affair or business 事务，事情 2  importance 重要(性) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a state of being concerned; anxiety 挂念，忧虑

concert n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒnsət/  1  a musical performance of usu. several separate compositions (通常演奏多部作品的)音乐会 2  agreement, accordance, harmony 一致，和谐，协调 3  a combination of voices or sounds 和声；协奏曲 ●v. tr. /kənˈsɜ:t/  arrange (by mutual agreement or coordination) 协调，一致行动 □ in concert   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  acting jointly and accordantly 一致行动，联合行动 2 (作 predic.) (of a musician) in a performance (音乐家)在演奏 [French concert (n.), concerter (v.) from Italian concertare ‘harmonize’]

concertante /kɒntʃəˈtænti/ n. (pl. concertanti pronunc. same 单复发音同) (often 常作 attrib.) Mus. 【音】  1  a piece of music containing one or more solo parts (usu. of less prominence or weight than in a concerto) (由两个独奏部分组成的)协奏乐段 2 hist.  those instrumental parts that are present throughout a piece of music [史义] (贯穿音乐作品始终的)器乐部分 [Italian]

concerted /kənˈsɜ:tid/ adj.  1  combined together; jointly arranged or planned 联合的，合作的；一致的  a concerted effort  一致努力 2 Mus.  arranged in parts for voices or instruments 【音】分声部的

concert-goer n.  a person who often goes to concerts (经常)出席音乐会者

concert grand n.  the largest size of grand piano, used for concerts 平台钢琴，(音乐会用的)大钢琴

concert hall n.  a hall for the public performance of concerts (公共)音乐厅

concertina /kɒnsəˈti:nə/ n. & v. ●n.  a musical instrument, usu. polygonal in form, held in the hands and stretched and squeezed like bellows, having reeds and a set of buttons at each end to control the valves 六角形手风琴 ●v. tr. & intr. (concertinas, concertinaed /-nəd/ or concertina'd, concertinaing /-nə(r)iŋ/)  compress or collapse in folds like those of a concertina 使折叠成褶裥状，使起皱纹  the car concertinaed into the bridge  那汽车撞在了桥上，形成了褶裥 [CONCERT + -INA]

concertino /kɒntʃəˈti:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus. 【音】  1  a simple or short concerto 小协奏曲 2  a solo instrument or solo instruments playing in a concerto (大协奏曲中的)独奏乐器(组) [Italian, diminutive of CONCERTO]

concert master n. esp. N. Amer.  the leading first-violin player in some orchestras [尤北美]首席小提琴手

concerto /kənˈtʃɜ:təʊ, -ˈtʃɛətəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or concerti /-ti/) Mus.  a composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra 【音】协奏曲 [Italian (see CONCERT)]

concerto grosso /ˈɡrɒsəʊ/ n. (pl. concerti grossi /-si/)  a composition for a group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra 大协奏曲 [CONCERTO + grosso ‘big’]

concert overture n. Mus.  a piece like an overture but intended for independent performance 【音】音乐会序曲

concert performance n. Brit.  a performance (of an opera etc.) without scenery, costumes, or action [英] (歌剧等的)音乐会演唱

concert pianist n.  a classical pianist who regularly works as a soloist in concert performances 音乐会独奏钢琴师

concert pitch n.  1 Mus.  the standard pitch, internationally agreed in 1960, whereby the A above middle C = 440 Hz 【音】音乐会音高，国际标准音高 (= 440 Hz) 2  a state of unusual readiness, efficiency, and keenness (for action etc.) (采取行动等的)最佳状态

concession /kənˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of conceding something asked or required 让步，让与；承认，认可  made the concession that we were right  承认我们是对的b  a thing conceded 让与物，认可物 2  a reduction in price for a certain category of person (对某些人的)减价，优惠价 3  a  the right to use land or other property, granted esp. by a government or local authority, esp. for a specific use (尤指政府或地方当局授予的使用土地或财产的)特许，特许权b  the right, given by a company, to sell goods, esp. in a particular territory (尤指公司授予在特定地区的)产品销售权c  the land or property used or given 特许使用的土地(或财产) □ concessional  adj.  □ concessionary  adj.   [French concession from Latin concessio (as CONCEDE)]

concessionaire /kənseʃəˈnɛə/ n. (also 亦作 concessionnaire)  the holder of a concession or grant, esp. for the use of land or trading rights (土地使用、产品销售等的)特许权获得者 [French concessionnaire (as CONCESSION)]

concessive /kənˈsesiv/ adj.  1  of or tending to concession 让步的；倾向于让步的 2 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a preposition or conjunction) introducing a phrase or clause which might be expected to preclude the action of the main clause, but does not (e.g. 如 in spite of 尽管 , although 虽然) (指介词或连词)表示让步关系的b (of a phrase or clause) introduced by a concessive preposition or conjunction (短语或从句)由表示让步的介词或连词引导的 [Late Latin concessivus (as CONCEDE)]

conch /kɒŋk, kɒn(t)ʃ/ n. (pl. conchs /kɒŋks/ or conches /ˈkɒntʃiz/)  1  a  a thick heavy spiral shell, occasionally bearing long projections, of various marine gastropod molluscs of the family Strombidae 海螺壳(指海洋腹足纲凤螺壳软体动物坚硬的螺旋形外壳)b  any of these gastropods 海螺 2 Archit.  the domed roof of a semicircular apse 【建】穹内凹顶，半圆形拱顶 3  = CONCHA  [Latin concha ‘shell’, from Greek kogkhē]

concha /ˈkɒŋkə/ n. (pl. conchae /-ki:/) Anat.  a part resembling a shell, esp. the depression in the external ear leading to its central cavity 【解】(尤指类似于贝壳的)外耳 [Latin: see CONCH]

conchie /ˈkɒnʃi/ n. (also 亦作 conchy) (pl. -ies) Brit. slang derog.  a conscientious objector [英] [俚语] [贬]拒服兵役者 [abbreviation]

conchoidal /kɒŋˈkɔid(ə)l/ adj. Mineral. (of a solid fracture etc.) resembling the surface of a bivalve shell 【矿】(断裂、断面等)贝壳状的

conchology /kɒŋˈkɒlədʒi/ n. Zool.  the scientific study of molluscs and their shells 【动】贝壳学，贝类学 □ conchological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ conchologist  n.   [Greek kogkhē ‘shell’ + -LOGY]

conchy var.  of CONCHIE  CONCHIE 的变体

concierge /ˈkɒnsiɛəʒ/ n.  1 (esp. in France) a doorkeeper or porter of a block of flats etc. (尤指法国公寓区等的)看门人，看守人 2  a person in a hotel employed to assist guests by booking tours, making reservations, etc. (负责帮旅客安排旅行事宜、预订房间等的)旅馆服务台职员 [French, probably ultimately from Latin conservus ‘fellow slave’]

conciliar /kənˈsiliə/ adj.  of or concerning a council, esp. an ecclesiastical council 政务会的，理事会的(尤指教会会议的) [medieval Latin consiliarius ‘counsellor’]

conciliate /kənˈsilieit/ v. tr.  1  make calm and amenable; pacify 使平静；安抚，抚慰 2  gain (esteem or goodwill) 博得(尊重或友善) 3 archaic  reconcile, make compatible [古义]使和解，使和好，使和睦 □ conciliative  /-ˈsiliətiv/ adj.  □ conciliator  n.  □ conciliatory  /-ˈsiliət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ conciliatoriness  /-ˈsiliət(ə)rinis/ n.   [Latin conciliare ‘combine, gain’ from concilium: see COUNCIL]

conciliation /kənsiliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the use of conciliating measures; reconcilement 安抚，抚慰；和好，和解 [Latin conciliatio (as CONCILIATE)]

concinnity /kənˈsiniti/ n.  elegance or neatness of literary style (文体)优美；简洁 [Latin concinnitas from concinnus ‘well-adjusted’]

concise /kənˈsais/ adj. (of speech, writing, style, or a person) brief but comprehensive in expression (语言、文字、风格或人)简明的，简洁的，言简意赅的 □ concisely  adv.  □ conciseness  n.   [French concis or Latin concisus, past part. of concidere (as COM-, caedere ‘cut’)]

concision /kənˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n. (esp. of literary style) the quality of state of being concise; conciseness (尤指文体)简明(性)，简洁(性) [Middle English from Latin concisio (as CONCISE)]

conclave /ˈkɒŋkleiv/ n.  1  a private meeting 秘密会议，秘密集会 2 RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  the assembly of cardinals for the election of a pope (红衣主教选举教皇的)秘密会议b  the meeting place for a conclave (红衣主教选举教皇的)秘密会议室 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conclave ‘lockable room’ (as COM-, clavis ‘key’)]

conclude /kənˈklu:d/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end (使)结束 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, or that + clause)  infer (from given premisses) (从已知前提)推断出，断定  what did you conclude?  你得出了什么结论？ concluded from the evidence that he had been mistaken  根据证据断定他是被误解了 3 tr.  settle, arrange (a treaty etc.) 议定，缔结(条约等) 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) esp. US  decide [尤美]决定 [Middle English from Latin concludere (as COM-, claudere ‘shut’)]

conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a final result; a termination 结果，结局 2  a judgement reached by reasoning (推理得出的)结论，推论 3  the summing-up of an argument, article, book, etc. (论点、文章、书籍等的)结论，结束语 4  a settling; an arrangement (解决问题的)办法，约定；非正式协议  the conclusion of peace  和平协议的签订 5 Logic  a proposition that is reached from given premisses, esp. the third and last part of a syllogism 【逻辑学】(尤指三段论的)性质判断结论 □ in conclusion   lastly, to conclude 最后，总之，综上所述□ try conclusions with   engage in a trial of skill etc. with 与…决胜负，和…比高低 [Middle English from Old French conclusion or Latin conclusio (as CONCLUDE)]

conclusive /kənˈklu:siv/ adj.  decisive, convincing 决定性的；结论性的；有说服力的 □ conclusively  adv.  □ conclusiveness  n.   [Late Latin conclusivus (as CONCLUSION)]

concoct /kənˈkɒkt/ v. tr.  1  make by mixing ingredients 调合，调制  concocted a stew  调制一份炖肉菜 2  invent (a story, a lie, etc.) 编造(故事、谎话等) □ concocter  n.  □ concoction  /-ˈkɒkʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ concoctor  n.   [Latin concoquere concoct- (as COM-, coquere ‘cook’)]

concomitance /kənˈkɒmit(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 concomitancy /-(ə)nsi/)  1  coexistence 共存，并存 2 Theol.  the doctrine of the coexistence of the body and blood of Christ both in the bread and in the wine of the Eucharist 【神】(圣餐中耶稣的)血肉同在教义 [medieval Latin concomitantia (as CONCOMITANT)]

concomitant /kənˈkɒmit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  going together; associated 相伴的；伴随的  concomitant circumstances  伴随情况 ●n.  an accompanying thing 伴随物；伴随情况 □ concomitantly  adv.   [Late Latin concomitari (as COM-, comitari from Latin comes -mitis ‘companion’)]

concord /ˈkɒŋkɔ:d/ n.  1  agreement or harmony between people or things (人或事物之间的)和谐，协调，一致 2  a treaty 协定，协约 3 Mus.  a chord that is pleasing or satisfactory in itself 【音】协和音程，协和和弦 4 Gram.  agreement between words in gender, number, etc. 【语法】(性、数等的)一致关系 [Middle English via Old French concorde from Latin concordia, from concors ‘of one mind’ (as COM-, cors from cor cordis ‘heart’)]

concordance /kənˈkɔ:d(ə)ns/ n.  1  agreement 和谐，协调，一致 2  a book containing an alphabetical list of the important words used in a book or by an author, usu. with citations of the passages concerned (书籍中或某作家使用的)词语索引 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin concordantia (as CONCORDANT)]

concordant /kənˈkɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  agreeing, harmonious 和谐的，协调的，一致的 2 Mus.  in harmony 【音】协和(音程)的，协和(和弦)的 □ concordantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin concordare, from concors (as CONCORD)]

concordat /kənˈkɔ:dæt/ n.  an agreement, esp. between the Roman Catholic Church and a state 协议；(尤指天主教会与一国政府达成的)宗教协定 [French concordat or Latin concordatum, neut. past part. of concordare (as CONCORDANCE)]

concourse /ˈkɒŋkɔ:s/ n.  1  a crowd 人群 2  a coming together; a gathering 集合，集会；汇集  a concourse of ideas  几种观点的汇集 3  an open central area in a large public building, a railway station, etc. (公共建筑的)大厅；(火车站的)广场 [Middle English via Old French concours from Latin concursus (as CONCUR)]

concrescence /kənˈkres(ə)ns/ n. Biol.  coalescence; growing together 【生】(伤口等的)愈合，合生 □ concrescent  adj.   [CON-, on the pattern of excrescence etc.]

concrete adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈkɒŋkri:t/  1  a  existing in a material form; real 有形的；实在的b  specific, definite 具体的，确实的，确定的  concrete evidence  确凿的证据 a concrete proposal  具体的建议 2 Gram. (of a noun) denoting a material object as opposed to an abstract quality, state, or action 【语法】(名词)具体的(与抽象的性质、状态或行为相对) ●n. /ˈkɒŋkri:t/ (often 常作 attrib.)  a composition of gravel, sand, cement, and water, used for building 混凝土 ●v.  1 tr. /ˈkɒŋkri:t/  a  cover with concrete 用混凝土覆盖b  embed in concrete 嵌入混凝土中 2 /kənˈkri:t/  a tr. & intr.  form into a mass; solidify 使固结；使凝固b tr.  make concrete instead of abstract 使具体化 □ in the concrete   in reality or in practice 实际上，具体地□ concretely  adv.  □ concreteness  n.   [French concret or Latin concretus, past part. of concrescere (as COM-, crescere cret- ‘grow’)]

concrete mixer n.  a machine, usu. with a revolving drum, used for mixing concrete 混凝土搅拌机

concrete music n.  = MUSIQUECONCRÈTE 

concrete poetry n.  poetry in which part of the meaning is conveyed visually, by means of patterns of words or letters and other typographical devices 具体派诗歌(用单词、字母和其他排印方法组合，有形地转达部分意义的诗歌流派)

concretion /kənˈkri:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a hard solid concreted mass 凝结物，固结物b  the forming of this by coalescence 凝结，固结 2 Med.  a stony mass formed within the body 【医】结石 3 Geol.  a small round mass of rock particles embedded in limestone or clay 【地质】结核(体) □ concretionary  adj.   [French, from Latin concretio (as CONCRETE)]

concretize /ˈkɒŋkritaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make concrete instead of abstract 使具体化 □ concretization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

concubinage /kɒnˈkju:binidʒ/ n.  1  the cohabitation of a man and woman not married to each other 姘居，非法同居 2  the state of being or having a concubine 当妾；纳妾 [Middle English from French (as CONCUBINE)]

concubine /ˈkɒŋkjʊbain/ n.  1  a woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife 姘妇，情妇 2 (in polygamous societies) a secondary wife (一夫多妻制社会的)妾，小老婆，姨太太 □ concubinary  /kənˈkju:bin(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin concubina (as COM-, cubina from cubare ‘lie’)]

concupiscence /kənˈkju:pis(ə)ns/ n. formal  sexual desire [正式]性欲，色欲，淫欲，肉欲 □ concupiscent  adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin concupiscentia from Latin concupiscere ‘begin to desire’ (as COM-, inceptive of cupere ‘desire’)]

concur /kənˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (concurred, concurring)  1  happen together; coincide 同时发生 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  agree in opinion 同意b  express agreement 赞同 3  combine together for a cause; act in combination 共同构成 (…的原因)；合作行动 [Latin concurrere (as COM-, currere ‘run’)]

concurrent /kənˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  existing or in operation at the same time 同时实施的，同时起作用的  served two concurrent sentences  合并执行两个徒刑b  existing or acting together 并存的；合作的 2 Geom. (of three or more lines) meeting at or tending towards one point 【几】 (3 条以上的线段)共点的，汇合的 3  agreeing, harmonious 同意的；一致的，协调的 □ concurrence  n.  □ concurrently  adv.  

concuss /kənˈkʌs/ v. tr.  1  subject to concussion 使(脑)震荡 2  shake violently 剧烈摇动，震动 3 archaic  intimidate [古义]恐吓，威胁 □ concussive  adj.   [Latin concutere concuss- (as COM-, cutere = quatere ‘shake’)]

concussion /kənˈkʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Med.  temporary unconsciousness or incapacity due to a blow on the head 【医】脑震荡，(因击打头部造成的)暂时性昏迷 2  violent shaking; shock 剧烈摇动(或震动) [Latin concussio (as CONCUSS)]

condemn /kənˈdem/ v. tr.  1  express utter disapproval of; censure 谴责，责备；指摘  was condemned for his irresponsible behaviour  因为他不负责任的行为而受到谴责 2  a  find guilty; convict 宣告…有罪b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  sentence to (a punishment, esp. death) 判处徒刑(尤指死刑)c  bring about the conviction of 证明…有罪  his looks condemn him  他的神态就证明了他有罪 3  pronounce (a building etc.) unfit for use or habitation 宣告(建筑物等)不适于居住 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  doom or assign (to something unwelcome or painful) 分派(苦差)；注定受苦  condemned to spending hours at the kitchen sink  被迫在厨房刷几个小时的碗 5  declare (smuggled goods, property, etc.) to be forfeited 宣布没收(走私品、财产等) □ condemnable  /-ˈdemnəb(ə)l/ adj.  应受谴责的，应定罪的□ condemnation  /kɒndemˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ condemnatory  /-ˈdemnət(ə)ri/ adj.  表示谴责的，定罪的 [Middle English via Old French condem(p)ner from Latin condemnare (as COM-, damnare DAMN)]

condemned cell n. Brit.  a cell for a prisoner condemned to death [英]死牢

condensate /ˈkɒnd(ə)nseit/ n.  a substance produced by condensation 聚合物；缩合物；冷凝物

condensation /kɒndenˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of condensing 凝聚，凝结，冷凝 2  any condensed material (esp. water on a cold surface) 凝结物，冷凝物(尤指寒冷表面上的水) 3  an abridgement 缩写，简缩，缩略 4 Chem.  the combination of molecules with the elimination of water or other small molecules 【化】聚合(作用)，缩合(作用) [Late Latin condensatio (as CONDENSE)]

condensation trail n.  = VAPOUR TRAIL 

condense /kənˈdens/ v.  1 tr.  make denser or more concentrated 使凝聚，使凝结；使(光线)聚集 2 tr.  express in fewer words; make concise 使缩短，使简洁，缩写 3 tr. & intr.  reduce or be reduced from a gas or vapour to a liquid (or occasionally a solid) (使气体、蒸汽)冷凝 □ condensable  adj.   [French condenser or Latin condensare (as COM-, densus ‘thick’)]

condensed milk n.  milk thickened by evaporation and sweetened 炼乳

condenser /kənˈdensə/ n.  1  an apparatus or vessel for condensing vapour (蒸汽)冷凝器 2 Electr. 【电】  = CAPACITOR  3  a lens or system of lenses for concentrating light 聚光器，聚光镜 4  a person or thing that condenses 缩写者；凝结器，缩合器

condescend /kɒndiˈsend/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) often iron.  be gracious enough (to do a thing that one regards as undignified or below one's level of importance) [常讽]俯就，屈尊  condescended to speak to me in the street  放下架子在大街上和我说话 2 (foll. by 后跟 to) derog.  behave as if one is on equal terms with (a person), while maintaining an overt attitude of superiority [贬] (带有优越感地)假装平等对待，假装和蔼可亲  condescends to the junior staff  假惺惺地亲近下级职员 3 (as 作 condescending adj.)  patronizing; superciliously kind 屈尊俯就的 □ condescendingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French condescendre from ecclesiastical Latin condescendere (as COM-, DESCEND)]

condescension /kɒndiˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a patronizing manner 傲慢态度，恩惠态度 2  affability towards inferiors 俯就，屈尊 [obsolete French from ecclesiastical Latin condescensio (as CONDESCEND)]

condign /kənˈdain/ adj. (of a punishment etc.) severe and well-deserved (惩罚等)应得的，适当的 □ condignly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French condigne from Latin condignus (as COM-, dignus ‘worthy’)]

condiment /ˈkɒndim(ə)nt/ n.  a seasoning or relish for food 调味品，佐料 [Middle English from Latin condimentum, from condire ‘pickle’]

condition /kənˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stipulation; something upon the fulfilment of which something else depends 先决条件；前提 2  a  the state of being or fitness of a person or thing (人的)健康程度；(事物的)状况，状态  arrived in bad condition  (货物)运达时已破损不堪 not in a condition to be used  状况已不适宜使用b  an ailment or abnormality 疾病；变态  a heart condition  心脏病 3 (in pl. 用复数)  circumstances, esp. those affecting the functioning or existence of something (尤指影响某物功能或存在的)环境，条件，情况，形势  working conditions are good  工作环境良好 4 archaic  social rank [古义]社会地位  all sorts and conditions of men  各种身份和地位的人 5 Gram.  a conditional clause 【语法】条件从句 6 US [美]  a  a requirement that a student must pass an examination etc. within a stated time to receive credit for a course (必须在规定时间内通过考试等才能拿到学分的)要求b  an unsatisfactory grade indicating this requirement 不及格的成绩，需要补考的成绩 ●v. tr.  1  a  bring into a good or desired state or condition 使健康，使处于良好(或令人满意)的状态b  make fit (esp. dogs or horses) 使(尤指狗、马等)健壮，使适应比赛 2  teach or accustom to adopt certain habits etc. 训练以适应(某种习惯)  conditioned by society  适应了社会 3  govern, determine 支配；决定；影响  his behaviour was conditioned by his drunkenness  他的行为受了醉酒的影响 4  a  impose conditions on 规定为…的条件，附加条件于b  be essential to 对…至关重要  the two things condition each other  这两件事互为条件 5  test the condition of (textiles etc.) 检验(纺织品等) 6 US  subject (a student) to a condition [美]给(学生)打需要补考的分数，使(学生)不及格 □ in (or out of) condition   in good (or bad) condition 情况良好(糟糕)□ in no condition to   certainly not fit to 当然不适合于□ on condition that   with the stipulation that 如果，在…条件下 [Middle English via Old French condicion (n.), condicionner (v.) or medieval Latin condicionare from Latin condicio -onis, from condicere ‘agree upon’ (as COM-, dicere ‘say’)]

conditional /kənˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  dependent; not absolute; containing a condition or stipulation 视…而定的；非绝对的；有前提条件的  a conditional offer  有条件的给予 2 Gram. (of a clause, mood, etc.) expressing a condition 【语法】(从句、语气等)条件的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a conditional clause etc. 条件从句 2  the conditional mood 条件式 □ conditionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  条件性，制约性，条件限制□ conditionally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French condicionel or from Late Latin conditionalis (as CONDITION)]

conditional discharge n.  an order made by a criminal court whereby an offender will not be sentenced for an offence unless a further offence is committed within a stated period 有条件假释(指法院做出的在规定期间内如不继续犯罪就不对某罪犯判刑的指令)

conditioned reflex n.  a reflex response to a non-natural stimulus, established by training 条件反射

conditioner /kənˈdiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  an agent that brings something into better condition, esp. a substance applied to the hair 调节剂(尤指护发剂)

condo /ˈkɒndəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) N. Amer. colloq.  a condominium [北美口] (产权为居住者私有的)公寓套间 [abbreviation]

condolatory /kənˈdəʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.  expressing condolence 吊唁的，表示慰问的 [CONDOLE, on the pattern of consolatory etc.]

condole /kənˈdəʊl/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  express sympathy with (a person) over a loss, grief, etc. (对某人的忧伤或伤亡)表示同情，吊唁，慰问 [Late Latin condolēre (as COM-, dolēre ‘suffer’)]■Usage 用法说明 Condole is often confused with console (see CONSOLE1). Condole ‘to express sympathy’ is always followed by with, e.g. They condoled with him over the death of his brother. It is less common than console ‘to comfort’, which is followed by a direct object, e.g. They consoled him after the death of his brother. condole 经常与 console 用混(见 CONSOLE1) 。 condole 意为“表示同情”，其后总是跟介词 with ，如 They condoled with him over the death of his brother (他们因他哥哥的去世而对他表示慰问)。该词不如 console 常用。后者意为“安慰”，后面直接跟宾语，如 They consoled him after the death of his brother (他哥哥去世后他们对他进行了安慰)。 

condolence /kənˈdəʊl(ə)ns/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  an expression of sympathy 吊唁，慰唁，慰问  sent my condolences  请代我表示慰问

condom /ˈkɒndəm/ n.  a rubber sheath worn on the penis or (usu. 通常作 female condom) in the vagina during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or to prevent infection (男用)安全套，避孕套，保险套；(女用)避孕隔膜 [18th c.: origin unknown]

condominium /kɒndəˈminiəm/ n.  1  the joint control of a state's affairs by other states (一国事务的)国际共管 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a building containing flats, or an area of land containing a complex of houses, which are individually owned (产权为居住者私有的)公寓，庭院b  such a flat or house (产权为居住者私有的)公寓套间 [modern Latin (as COM-, dominium DOMINION)]

condone /kənˈdəʊn/ v. tr.  1  forgive or overlook (an offence or wrongdoing) 宽恕，不咎(罪过或过错) 2  approve or sanction, usu. reluctantly (通常为不情愿地)批准，准许 3 (of an action) atone for (an offence); make up for (行为等)赎罪；补偿过失 □ condonation  /kɒndəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ condoner  n.   [Latin condonare ‘permit a debt, refrain from punishing’ (as COM-, donare ‘give’)]

condor /ˈkɒndɔ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 Andean condor)  a large vulture, Vultur gryphus, of S. America, having black plumage with a white neck ruff and a fleshy wattle on the forehead 大秃鹫(鹫属猛禽，产于南美洲，全身羽毛为黑色，脖颈处有白色翎颌，头顶上有一肉垂) 2 (in full 全称 California condor)  a rare vulture, Gymnogyps californianus, of California 兀鹰，兀鹫(裸鹫属猛禽，产于美国加州南部山区，已濒于灭绝) [Spanish, from Quechua cuntur]

condottiere /ˌkɒndɒtiˈɛəri, 意 kɔndotˈtjere/ n. (pl. condottieri pronunc. same 单复发音同) hist.  a leader or a member of a troop of mercenaries in Italy etc. [史义] (意大利等地的)雇佣军首领(或成员) [Italian from condotto ‘troop under contract’, from condotta ‘contract’ (as CONDUCT)]

conduce /kənˈdju:s/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) (usu. of an event or attribute) lead or contribute to (a result) (通常指事件或品质)导致(某种结果)，有助于 [Latin conducere conduct- (as COM-, ducere duct- ‘lead’)]

conducive /kənˈdju:siv/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  contributing or helping (towards something) (对某事)有助于…的，有益于…的  not a conducive atmosphere for negotiation  不利于谈判的气氛 good health is conducive to happiness  身体健康有益于幸福的生活

conduct n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒndʌkt/  1  behaviour (esp. in its moral aspect) (尤指道德方面的)举止，行为，品行 2  the action or manner of directing or managing (business, war, etc.) (企业的)管理活动；(战争的)指挥方式 3 Art  the mode of treatment; execution 【艺术】处理手法；技巧 4  the action of leading; guidance 领导；指导 ●v. /kənˈdʌkt/  1 tr.  lead or guide (a person or persons) 指挥；领导 2 tr.  direct or manage (business etc.) 管理；经营(企业等) 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be the conductor of (an orchestra, choir, etc.) (在乐队、合唱团等)当指挥 4 tr. Physics  transmit (heat, electricity, etc.) by conduction 【物理学】传导(热、电等) 5 refl.  behave 表现，为人  conducted himself appropriately  他行为端正 □ conductible  /kənˈdʌktib(ə)l/ adj.  (热、电等)可传导的□ conductibility  /kəndʌktiˈbiliti/ n.  (对热、电等的)传导性 [Middle English from Latin conductus (as COM-, ducere duct- ‘lead’): the verb via Old French conduite, past part. of conduire]

conductance /kənˈdʌkt(ə)ns/ n. Physics  the power of a specified material to conduct electricity 【物理学】导电性，电导

conducted tour n.  a tour led by a guide on a fixed itinerary 有导游陪同的旅行

conduction /kənˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the transmission of heat through a substance from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature 热传导，导热b  the transmission of electricity through a substance by the application of an electric field 电传导，导电 2  the transmission of impulses along nerves (神经感应的)传导 3  the conducting of liquid through a pipe etc. (液体的)输送，输导 [French conduction or Latin conductio (as CONDUCT)]

conductive /kənˈdʌktiv/ adj.  having the property of conducting (esp. heat, electricity, etc.) (尤指对热、电等)有传导性的，有传导力的 □ conductively  adv.  

conductive education n. Brit.  a system of education for children and adults with motor disorders [英]传导教育(对患有运动神经紊乱的儿童和成人进行的一种教育)

conductivity /kɒndʌkˈtiviti/ n.  the conducting power of a specified material 传导性；传导率；电导率

conductor /kənˈdʌktə/ n.  1  a person who directs the performance of an orchestra or choir etc. (乐队、合唱团等的)指挥 2 (fem. conductress /-tris/)  a  a person who collects fares in a bus etc. (公共汽车等的)售票员b US  an official in charge of a train [美]列车长 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  a thing that conducts or transmits heat or electricity, esp. regarded in terms of its capacity to do this (热或电的)导体  a poor conductor  不良导体b  = LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR  4  a guide or leader 向导，带路人 5  a manager or director 指挥者；管理者 □ conductorship  n.   [Middle English via French conducteur from Latin conductor (as CONDUCT)]

conductor rail n. Brit.  a rail transmitting current to an electric train etc. [英] (电力机车等的)导电轨，接触轨

conduct sheet n.  a record of a person's offences and punishments (记录某人犯罪和受罚情况的)前科档案

conductus /kənˈdʌktəs/ n. (pl. conducti /-tai/)  a musical composition of the 12th － 13th c., with Latin text 康度克土斯 (12 至 13 世纪的一种拉丁文歌曲) [medieval Latin: see CONDUIT]

conduit /ˈkɒndit, -jʊit/ n.  1  a channel or pipe for conveying liquids 渠道，引水道；管道；导管 2  a  a tube or trough for protecting insulated electric wires 导线管，导线槽b  a length or stretch of this 一段导线管 [Middle English via Old French conduit from medieval Latin conductus CONDUCT n.]

condyle /ˈkɒndil, -dail/ n. Anat.  a rounded process at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone 【解】髁(骨头上的突起，多在骨头的两端，与另一骨头一起构成关节) □ condylar  adj.  踝的□ condyloid  adj.  踝状的 [French via Latin condylus from Greek kondulos ‘knuckle’]

cone /kəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid figure with a circular (or other curved) plane base, tapering to a point 圆锥体 2  a thing of a similar shape, solid or hollow, e.g. as used to mark off areas of roads 圆锥形物(如公路上施工时用来作标志的圆锥体) 3  the dry fruit of a conifer (针叶树的)球果，球花 4  an ice-cream cornet 圆锥形蛋卷冰淇淋 5  any of the minute cone-shaped structures in the retina (视网膜中的)视锥 6  a conical mountain esp. of volcanic origin 尖峰(尤指火山锥) 7 (in full 全称 cone-shell)  any marine gastropod mollusc of the family Conidae 鸡心螺(一种海洋腹足纲软体动物) 8  a ceramic pyramid, melting at a known temperature, used to indicate the temperature of a kiln 锥形陶瓷(在一定温度下熔化，用来表明窑内温度) ●v. tr.  1  shape like a cone 使成锥形 2 (foll. by 后跟 off) Brit.  mark off (a road etc.) with cones [英] (道路施工时)用锥形路标为车辆导流 [French cône via Latin conus from Greek kōnos]

coney var.  of CONY  CONY 的变体

confab /ˈkɒnfæb/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a conversation; a chat 谈话；闲谈，聊天 ●v. intr. (confabbed, confabbing)  = CONFABULATE  [abbreviation]

confabulate /kənˈfæbjʊleit/ v. intr.  1  converse, chat 谈话；闲谈，聊天 2 Psychol.  fabricate imaginary experiences as compensation for the loss of memory 【心】虚构经历(以弥补记忆力的丧失) □ confabulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  虚构症□ confabulatory  adj.   [Latin confabulari (as COM-, fabulari from fabula ‘tale’)]

confect /kənˈfekt/ v. tr. literary  make by putting together ingredients [文学用语]调制，搀和制成 [Latin conficere confect- ‘put together’ (as COM-, facere ‘make’)]

confection /kənˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a dish or delicacy made with sweet ingredients 甜食 2  mixing, compounding 搀和，调制 3  a fashionable or elaborate article of women's dress 高级时髦女服 [Middle English via Old French from Latin confectio -onis (as CONFECT)]

confectioner /kənˈfekʃ(ə)nə/ n.  a maker or retailer of confectionery 甜食师傅；甜食商

confectioner's custard n.  a thick sweet custard used as a filling for cakes and pastries (用作糕点馅的)甜蛋奶糕

confectioner's sugar n. US  icing sugar [美] (制甜食用的)糖粉

confectionery /kənˈfekʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n.  sweets and other confections (总称)甜食

confederacy /kənˈfed(ə)rəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a league or alliance, esp. of confederate states (尤指由不同州结成的)邦联，联盟 2  a league for an unlawful or evil purpose; a conspiracy 非法结社；阴谋集团 3  the condition or fact of being confederate; alliance; conspiracy 结盟状态；密谋勾结状态 4 (作 the Confederacy)  the Confederate States (美国内战时期的)南部邦联 [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French confederacie (as CONFEDERATE)]

confederate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /kənˈfed(ə)rət/ esp. Polit.  allied; joined by an agreement or treaty 【政】结盟的；联合的 ●n. /kənˈfed(ə)rət/  1  an ally, esp. (pejoratively) an accomplice 同盟者；共谋者(尤指共犯) 2 (作 Confederate)  a supporter of the Confederate States (美国)南部邦联的支持者 ●v. /kənˈfedəreit/ (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1 tr.  bring (a person, state, or oneself) into alliance 使结盟，使联合，使共谋 2 intr.  come into alliance 联盟，联合，共谋 [Late Latin confoederatus (as COM-, FEDERATE)]

Confederate States n. pl.  the southern states which seceded from the US in 1860 － 1 南部邦联 (1860 至 1861 年美国南北战争时退出美国的南部 11 州)

confederation /kənfedəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a union or alliance of states etc. (国家等的)同盟，联盟 2  the act or an instance of confederating; the state of being confederated 结盟，联合；结盟国家 [French confédération (as CONFEDERATE)]

confer /kənˈfɜ:/ v. (conferred, conferring)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  grant or bestow (a title, degree, favour, etc.) 授予(称号、学位等)；赐予(恩惠等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  converse, consult 商谈，协商，探讨，请教 □ conferrable  adj.  可授予(或赐予)的 [Latin conferre (as COM-, ferre ‘bring’)]

conferee /kɒnfəˈri:/ n.  1  a person on whom something is conferred 被授予(称号、学位)者；接受赐予者 2  a participant in a conference 参加商谈者，协商会出席者

conference /ˈkɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  consultation, discussion 讨论，协商，商谈 2  a meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an association or organization 协商会议，讨论会(尤指由协会组织定期举行的正式会议) 3  an annual assembly of the Methodist Church (循道宗教会的)年会 4  an association in commerce, sport, etc. 商业联合会；体育联合会 5  the linking of several telephones, computer terminals, etc., so that each user may communicate with the others simultaneously (电话、计算机终端设备等的)串联，连接 often 常作 attrib.: conference call  电话会议 ●v. intr. (usu. as 通常作 conferencing n.)  take part in a conference or conference call 出席协商会；参加电话会 □ in conference   engaged in discussion 正在开会，正在参加讨论 [French conférence or medieval Latin conferentia (as CONFER)]

conferment /kənˈfɜ:m(ə)nt/ n.  1  the conferring of a degree, honour, etc. (学位的)授予；(恩惠的)赐予 2  an instance of this 授予学位；赐予恩惠

conferral /kənˈfɜ:r(ə)l/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = CONFERMENT 

confess /kənˈfes/ v.  1  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  acknowledge or admit (a fault, wrongdoing, etc.) 供认，坦白(过错、罪过等)b intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  admit to 承认  confessed to having lied  承认撒了谎 2 tr.  admit reluctantly 勉强承认  confessed it would be difficult  勉强承认这件事很难办 3  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  declare (one's sins) to a priest (向神父)忏悔罪过b tr. (of a priest) hear the confession of (神父)聆听告罪c refl.  declare one's sins to a priest 向神父忏悔罪过 [Middle English via Old French confesser and Romanic from Latin confessus, past part. of confitēri (as COM-, fatēri ‘declare, avow’)]

confessant /kənˈfes(ə)nt/ n.  a person who confesses to a priest 忏悔者

confessedly /kənˈfesidli/ adv.  by one's own or general admission 自己供认地；公开承认地

confession /kənˈfeʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  confessing or acknowledgement of a fault, wrongdoing, a sin to a priest, etc. (向神父等)忏悔罪过，告罪b  an instance of this 忏悔罪过的实例c  a thing confessed 忏悔的事情 2 (in full 全称 confession of faith)  a  a declaration of one's religious beliefs (对自己宗教信仰的)声明b  a statement of one's principles (对自己行为准则的)声明 □ confessionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin confessio -onis (as CONFESS)]

confessional /kənˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  an enclosed stall in a church in which a priest hears confessions (教堂中神父聆听告罪的)告解室 ●adj.  1  of or relating to confession 忏悔的，告罪的 2  denominational 教派的，宗派的 [French via Italian confessionale from medieval Latin, neut. of confessionalis (as CONFESSION)]

confessor /kənˈfesə/ n.  1  a person who makes a confession 供认者，坦白者；忏悔者，告罪者 2 /also 亦作 ˈkɒn-/  a priest who hears confessions and gives spiritual counsel 聆听告罪的神父，告解神父 3  a person who avows a religion in the face of its suppression, but does not suffer martyrdom 不畏受难的基督徒；(罗马天主教内非殉教者的)男圣徒 [Middle English via Anglo-French confessur, Old French -our, from ecclesiastical Latin confessor (as CONFESS)]

confetti /kənˈfeti/ n.  small pieces of coloured paper thrown by esp. wedding guests at the bride and groom (尤指婚礼时向新郎和新娘身上投撒的)五彩纸屑 [Italian, = sweetmeats, from Latin (as COMFIT): from the real or imitation sweets thrown during Italian carnivals]

confidant /kɒnfiˈdænt, ˈkɒnfidænt/ n. (fem. confidante pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  a person trusted with knowledge of one's private affairs (可向其吐露隐私的)密友，知己 [18th c. for earlier CONFIDENT (n.), probably to represent the pronunciation of French confidente (as CONFIDE)]

confide /kənˈfaid/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  tell (a secret etc.) in confidence 吐露(秘密等) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  entrust (an object of care, a task, etc.) to 托付(照管的事物)，委托(任务) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  a  have trust or confidence in 信任，信赖b  talk confidentially to 向…吐露秘密 □ confidingly  adv.   [Latin confidere (as COM-, fidere ‘trust’)]

confidence /ˈkɒnfid(ə)ns/ n.  1  firm trust 信任，信赖  have confidence in his ability  相信他的能力 2  a  a feeling of reliance or certainty 信心，把握b  a sense of self-reliance; boldness 自信，大胆 3  a  something told confidentially 私下里的话b  the telling of private matters with mutual trust 吐露隐私 □ in confidence   as a secret 作为秘密的，私下的□ in a person's confidence   trusted with a person's secrets 受某人的信任□ take into one's confidence   confide in 向…吐露内心的秘密 [Middle English from Latin confidentia (as CONFIDE)]

confidence level n. Statistics  the probability that the value of a parameter falls within a specified range of values 【统计学】置信水平，可信水平(指参数值在特定数值范围内下降的可能性)

confidence man n.  a man who robs or swindles by means of a confidence trick (以赢得他人信任而骗取钱财的)骗子

confidence trick n. (US [美] confidence game)  a swindle in which the victim is persuaded to trust the swindler in some way (诱使受害者信任骗子的)骗局 □ confidence trickster  n.  骗子

confident /ˈkɒnfid(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  feeling or showing confidence; self-assured, bold 自信的；有信心的，大胆的  spoke with a confident air  很自信地讲话 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  assured, trusting 确信的，肯定的  confident of your support  确信你会支持 confident that he will come  坚信他会来 ●n. archaic [古义]  = CONFIDANT  □ confidently  adv.   [French from Italian confidente (as CONFIDE)]

confidential /kɒnfiˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  spoken or written in confidence 秘密的，机密的 2  entrusted with secrets 担任机密工作的  a confidential secretary  机要秘书 3  confiding 深信不移的，可信任的 □ confidentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ confidentially  adv.  

configuration /kənfiɡəˈreiʃ(ə)n, -ɡjʊ-/ n.  1  a  an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or figure 配置，布局b  the form, shape, or figure resulting from such an arrangement 结构，构造；外形，轮廓 2 Astron. & Astrol.  the relative position of planets etc. 【天】【占】(行星的)位形，组态 3 Psychol. 【心】  = GESTALT  4 Physics  the distribution of electrons among the energy levels of an atom, or of nucleons among the energy levels of a nucleus, as specified by quantum numbers 【物理学】(原子能量级中的)电子分布；(核能量级中用量子数目来说明的)核子分布 5 Chem.  the fixed three-dimensional relationship of the atoms in a molecule 【化】构型(指分子中原子之间固定的三维空间关系) 6 Computing 【计算】  a  the interrelating or interconnecting of a computer system or elements of it so that it will accommodate a particular specification (计算机系统及其元件之间的)配置b  an instance of this (计算机系统)相互连接 □ configurational  adj.  □ configure  /kənˈfiɡə/ v. tr. (in senses 1, 2, 6 用于释义 1 、 2 、 6)   [Late Latin configuratio from Latin configurare (as COM-, figurare ‘fashion’)]

confine v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈfain/ (often foll. by 常后跟 in, to, within)  1  keep or restrict (within certain limits etc.) 局限，限制(在某个范围之内) 2  hold captive; imprison 关押；监禁 ●n. /ˈkɒnfain/ (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a limit or boundary 边界，界限，范围  within the confines of the town  在城区范围之内 □ be confined   be in childbirth 分娩；坐月子 [ultimately from Latin confinia (as COM-, finia, neut. pl. from finis ‘end, limit’), the verb via French confinir, the noun via French confins (pl.)]

confinement /kənˈfainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of confining; the state of being confined 限制，局限；关押，监禁 2  the time of a woman's giving birth 分娩，产褥期

confirm /kənˈfɜ:m/ v. tr.  1  provide support for the truth or correctness of; make definitely valid 证实；肯定，确定  confirmed my suspicions  证实了我的怀疑 confirmed his arrival time  确定了他的到达时间 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  encourage (a person) in (an opinion etc.) 使(某人)确信(某观点等) 3  ratify (a treaty, possession, title, etc.); make formally valid 批准，确认(条约、所有权、称号等)；使正式生效 4  establish more firmly (power, possession, etc.) 巩固，加强(权力、所有权等) 5  administer the religious rite of confirmation to (天主教等)给…施坚信礼 □ confirmative  adj.  □ confirmatory  adj.   [Middle English via Old French confermer from Latin confirmare (as COM-, FIRM1)]

confirmand /kɒnfəˈmænd/ n. Eccl.  a person who is to be or has just been confirmed 【教会】(即将或刚刚)领受坚信礼者

confirmation /kɒnfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of confirming; the state or an instance of being confirmed 证实，证明；批准，确认 2  a  a religious rite confirming a baptized person, esp. at the age of discretion, as a member of the Christian Church (基督教会的)坚信礼仪式b Judaism  the ceremony of bar mitzvah 【犹太教】男孩成人仪式 [Middle English via Old French from Latin confirmatio -onis (as CONFIRM)]

confirmed /kənˈfɜ:md/ adj.  firmly settled in some habit or condition 习惯的，根深蒂固的  confirmed in his ways  他已习惯成自然 a confirmed bachelor  惯于独身的男子

confiscate /ˈkɒnfiskeit/ v. tr.  1  take or seize by authority 没收，征用 2  appropriate to the public treasury (by way of a penalty) (以罚款的方式)把…充公 □ confiscable  /kənˈfiskəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ confiscation  /-ˈskeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ confiscator  n.  □ confiscatory  /kənˈfiskət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin confiscare (as COM-, fiscare from fiscus ‘treasury’)]

conflagration /kɒnfləˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a great and destructive fire 大火；大火灾 [Latin conflagratio from conflagrare (as COM-, flagrare ‘blaze’)]

conflate /kənˈfleit/ v. tr.  blend or fuse together (esp. two variant texts into one) 合并，混合(尤指把两个不同文本合并成一个) □ conflation  /-ˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin conflare ‘kindle, achieve, fuse’ (as COM-, flare ‘blow’)]

conflict n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒnflikt/  1  a  a state of opposition or hostilities 对抗状态，敌对状态b  a fight or struggle 战斗；斗争 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the clashing of opposed principles etc. (相反原则等之间的)冲突；抵触b  an instance of this 冲突(或抵触)之实例 3 Psychol. 【心】  a  the opposition of incompatible wishes or needs in a person (相反愿望或需求之间的)内心冲突b  an instance of this 内心冲突的实例c  the distress resulting from this (内心冲突带来的)苦恼 ●v. intr. /kənˈflikt/  1  clash; be incompatible 冲突；抵触 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  struggle or contend 斗争，争斗 3 (as 作 conflicting adj.)  contradictory 矛盾的 □ in conflict   conflicting 冲突的，抵触的□ confliction  /kənˈflikʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ conflictual  /kənˈfliktʃʊəl/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin confligere conflict- (as COM-, fligere ‘strike’)]

confluence /ˈkɒnflʊəns/ n.  1  a place where two rivers meet (两条河流的)汇流处 2  a  a coming together 汇合，汇流；聚集b  a crowd of people 人群，人流 [Latin confluere (as COM-, fluere ‘flow’)]

confluent /ˈkɒnflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  flowing together, uniting 汇流的，合流的，汇合的 ●n.  a stream joining another (汇入大河的)支流

conflux /ˈkɒnflʌks/ n.  = CONFLUENCE  [Late Latin confluxus (as CONFLUENCE)]

conform /kənˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 intr.  comply with rules or general custom 遵守(规则)；遵照(习俗) 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  be or make accordant or suitable (使)符合，(使)适应 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  form according to a pattern; make similar 使符合；使相似 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, with)  comply with; be in accordance with 遵照，遵守；符合 □ conformer  n.   [Middle English via Old French conformer from Latin conformare (as COM-, FORM)]

conformable /kənˈfɔ:məb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  similar 相似的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  consistent 一贯的，一致的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  adapted 相适应的 4  tractable, submissive 温顺的，顺从的 5 Geol. (of strata in contact) lying in the same direction 【地质】(地层)整合的 □ conformability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ conformably  adv.   [medieval Latin conformabilis (as CONFORM)]

conformal /kənˈfɔ:m(ə)l/ adj. (of a map) showing any small area in its correct shape 正形的(指地图上小区域标绘形状准确的) □ conformally  adv.   [Late Latin conformalis (as CONFORM)]

conformance /kənˈfɔ:m(ə)ns/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  = CONFORMITY 1, 2 

conformation /kɒnfɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the way in which a thing is formed; shape, structure 结构，形态；构造 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  adjustment in form or character; adaptation (形状或性质的)调节；适应，适合，一致 3 Chem.  any of the spatial arrangements which the atoms in a molecule may freely convert between, esp. by rotation about individual single bonds 【化】构像，构型 [Latin conformatio (as CONFORM)]

conformist /kənˈfɔ:mist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who conforms to an established practice; a conventional person 墨守成规者；因循守旧者 2 Brit.  a person who conforms to the practices of the Church of England [英]遵奉国教会惯例者 ●adj. (of a person) conforming to established practices; conventional (指人)墨守成规的，因循守旧的 □ conformism  n.  

conformity /kənˈfɔ:miti/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  action or behaviour in accordance with established practice; compliance 遵照(成规)；顺从，依从 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  correspondence in form or manner; likeness, agreement (形状或举止)相似；一致；符合 3 Brit.  compliance with the practices of the Church of England [英]遵奉国教会惯例 [Middle English from Old French conformité or Late Latin conformitas (as CONFORM)]

confound /kənˈfaʊnd/ v. & int. ●v. tr.  1  throw into perplexity or confusion 使窘迫，使困惑 2  mix up; confuse (in one's mind) 混淆；(思想)混乱 3 archaic  defeat, overthrow [古义]击败，推翻 ●int.  expressing annoyance 讨厌！该死的！  confound you!  混蛋！去你的！ [Middle English via Anglo-French conf(o)undre, Old French confondre from Latin confundere ‘mix up’ (as COM-, fundere fus- ‘pour’)]

confounded /kənˈfaʊndid/ adj. colloq.  damned [口]可恶的，讨厌的，该死的  a confounded nuisance!  讨厌的事情！ □ confoundedly  adv.  

confraternity /kɒnfrəˈtɜ:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a brotherhood, esp. religious or charitable 兄弟关系，手足之情；(尤指宗教或慈善事业的)社团，兄弟会 [Middle English via Old French confraternité from medieval Latin confraternitas (as COM-, FRATERNITY)]

confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ v. tr.  1  a  face in hostility or defiance 使面对，使面临；使遭遇b  face up to and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.) 勇敢面对(问题、困难等) 2 (of a difficulty etc.) present itself to (困难等)摆在…面前  countless obstacles confronted us  无数的障碍摆在我们面前 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  bring (a person) face to face with (a circumstance), esp. by way of accusation (尤指用指控的方法)使对质，使当面对证  confronted them with the evidence  拿出证据和他们当面对质b  set (a thing) face to face with (another) for comparison (指事物)比较，对照 4  meet or stand facing 遇到；面临 □ confrontation  /kɒnfrʌnˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ confrontational  /kɒnfrʌnˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [French confronter from medieval Latin confrontare (as COM-, frontare from frons frontis ‘face’)]

confrère /ˈkɒnfrɛə/ n.  a fellow member of a profession, scientific body, etc. (同一职业、科学团体等的)同事，同行，同仁 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin confrater (as COM-, frater ‘brother’)]

Confucian /kənˈfju:ʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Confucius, Chinese philosopher d. 479 BC, or his philosophy 孔子(中国古代哲学家，卒于公元前 479 年)的；儒家的；儒学的 ●n.  a follower of Confucius 孔子信徒 □ Confucianism  n.  □ Confucianist  n. & adj.   [Confucius, Latinization of Kongfuze ‘Kong the master’]

confusable /kənˈfju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  that is able or liable to be confused 可能混淆的，易于混淆的 □ confusability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

confuse /kənˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1  a  disconcert, perplex, bewilder 使窘迫；使茫然，使困惑b  embarrass 使尴尬，使局促不安 2  mix up in the mind; mistake (one for another) 混淆；把…混同于 3  make indistinct 使混乱；使模糊不清  that point confuses the issue  那种观点使问题模糊不清 4 (as 作 confused adj.)  mentally decrepit or senile 头脑不清的，年老糊涂的 5 (often as 常作 confused adj.)  make muddled or disorganized; throw into disorder 被混淆的，使分不清的；使陷入混乱的  a confused jumble of clothes  杂乱的一堆衣服 □ confusedly  /kənˈfju:zidli/ adv.  □ confusing  adj.  □ confusingly  adv.   [back-formation from confused, via Old French confus from Latin confusus: see CONFOUND]

confusion /kənˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of confusing 混淆，分辨不清  the confusion of fact and fiction  分辨不清事实与虚构b  an instance of this; a misunderstanding 混淆的实例；误解，误会  confusions arise from a lack of communication  因缺少交流而引起了误解 2  a  the result of confusing; a confused state; embarrassment; disorder 混乱；混乱状态；窘迫；杂乱，凌乱  thrown into confusion by his words  被他的话搞得很窘迫 trampled in the confusion of battle  在战乱状态下受到践踏b (foll. by 后跟 of)  a disorderly jumble 凌乱的一堆  a confusion of ideas  凌乱的一堆想法 3  a  civil commotion 骚乱，平民暴乱  confusion broke out at the announcement  针对那份声明发生了骚乱b  an instance of this 骚乱的实例 [Middle English from Old French confusion or Latin confusio (as CONFUSE)]

confute /kənˈfju:t/ v. tr.  1  prove (a person) to be in error 证明(某人)错误；驳倒 2  prove (an argument) to be false 证明(某观点)错误；驳斥 □ confutation  /kɒnfjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin confutare ‘restrain’ (as COM- + base of refutare ‘refute’)]

conga /ˈkɒŋɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Latin American dance of African origin, usu. with several persons in a single line, one behind the other 康茄舞(源于非洲的一种拉丁美洲舞蹈，通常几个人前后排成一排跳舞) 2 (also 亦作 conga drum)  a tall, narrow, low-toned drum beaten with the hands 康茄鼓(为康茄舞伴奏用的一种细长而声音低沉的手鼓) ●v. intr. (congas, congaed /-ɡəd/ or conga'd, congaing /-ɡə(r)iŋ/)  perform the conga 跳康茄舞 [Latin American Spanish from Spanish fem. of congo ‘of the Congo’]

congeal /kənˈdʒi:l/ v. tr. & intr.  1  make or become semi-solid by cooling 使凝结，使冻结 2 (of blood etc.) coagulate (血液等)凝结 □ congealable  adj.  □ congealment  n.   [Middle English via Old French congeler from Latin congelare (as COM-, gelare from gelu ‘frost’)]

congelation /kɒndʒiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of congealing 凝结过程，冻结过程 2  a congealed state 凝结状态，冻结状态 3  a congealed substance 凝结物，冻结物 [Middle English from Old French congelation or Latin congelatio (as CONGEAL)]

congener /ˈkɒndʒinə, kənˈdʒi:nə/ n.  1  a thing or person of the same kind or category as another, esp. animals or plants of a specified genus 同类的人(或物) (尤指同属动物或植物)  the raspberry and blackberry are congeners  树莓和黑刺莓是同属植物 2 esp. US  a by-product giving a distinctive character to a wine or spirit [尤美]酒类芳香物 [Latin (as CON-, GENUS)]

congeneric /kɒndʒiˈnerik/ adj.  1  of the same genus, kind, or race 同类的，同属的；同宗族的 2  allied in nature or origin; akin 有连带关系的；相关的，近似的 □ congenerous  /kənˈdʒen(ə)rəs/ adj.  

congenial /kənˈdʒi:niəl/ adj.  1  pleasant, agreeable 令人愉快的，合意的  congenial environment  合意的环境 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to) (of a person, character, etc.) pleasant because akin to oneself in temperament or interests (人、性格等)意气相投的，情投意合的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  suited to the nature of anything 相宜的  congenial to my mood  与我的心情相宜 □ congeniality  /-niˈæliti/ n.  □ congenially  adv.   [CON- + GENIAL1]

congenital /kənˈdʒenit(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. of a disease, defect, etc.) existing from birth (尤指疾病、缺陷等)先天性的 2  that is (or as if) such from birth 天生的，生就的  a congenital liar  生性好说谎的人 □ congenitally  adv.   [Latin congenitus (as COM-, genitus, past part. of gigno ‘beget’)]

conger /ˈkɒŋɡə/ n. (in full 全称 conger eel)  any large marine eel of the family Congridae 康吉大海鳗(康吉鳗科海洋动物) [Middle English via Old French congre and Latin conger, congrus from Greek goggros]

congeries /kɒnˈdʒiəri:z, -iz, -ii:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a disorderly collection; a mass or heap (杂乱的)聚集；堆积 [Latin, from congerere CONGEST]■Usage 用法说明 Although congeries looks like a plural form, it is a singular noun, e.g. A congeries of problems was identified. It is unchanged in the plural. 虽然 congeries 看起来像复数形式，实际上却是个单数名词，如 A congeries of problems was identified (一大堆杂乱的问题被确定了下来)，其复数形式不变。 

congest /kənˈdʒest/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 congested adj.)  affect with congestion; obstruct, block 拥挤，拥塞；使充血  congested streets  拥挤的大街 congested lungs  充血的肺 □ congestive  adj.   [Latin congerere congest- (as COM-, gerere ‘bring’)]

congestion /kənˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  abnormal accumulation, crowding, or obstruction, esp. of traffic etc. or of blood or mucus in a part of the body (异常的)积聚，拥挤，堵塞(尤指交通、充血或黏液堵塞) [French from Latin congestio -onis (as CONGEST)]

conglomerate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /kənˈɡlɒm(ə)rət/  1  gathered into a rounded mass 聚成球形的；成簇的，簇生的 2 Geol. (of rock) made up of small stones held together (cf. 参见 AGGLOMERATE) 【地质】(指岩石)砾岩的 ●n. /kənˈɡlɒm(ə)rət/  1  a number of things or parts forming a heterogeneous mass 聚集物，聚合物，混合物 2  a group or corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms (由不同公司合并而成的)联合大企业，集团公司 3 Geol.  conglomerate rock 【地质】砾岩 ●v. tr. & intr. /kənˈɡlɒməreit/  collect into a coherent mass (使)聚集；(使)成球形 □ conglomeration  /kənɡlɒməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin conglomeratus, past part. of conglomerare (as COM-, glomerare from glomus -eris ‘ball’)]

Congo /ˈkɒŋgəu/ n.  1  刚果[非洲] 2  刚果河(即扎伊尔河) [非洲]

Congolese /kɒŋɡəˈli:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Zaire or Congo, countries in central Africa, or the region surrounding the Zaire (formerly Congo) river 刚果的；刚果地区的(指中部非洲扎伊尔河周围的地区) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of any of these regions 刚果(地区)人 2  any of the Bantu languages spoken by the Congolese people 刚果语(属班图语系) [French congolais]

congou /ˈkɒŋɡu:, -ɡəʊ/ n.  a variety of black China tea 工夫茶(一种中国红茶) [Cantonese kungfüchˈa, Mandarin gōngfu chɑˊ ‘tea made for refined tastes’]

congrats /kənˈɡræts/ n. pl. & int. colloq.  congratulations [口]祝贺，恭喜 [abbreviation]

congratulate /kənˈɡrætjʊleit/ v. tr. & refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  1 tr.  express pleasure at the happiness or good fortune or excellence of (a person) 祝贺，向(某人)道喜  congratulated them on their success  祝贺他们的成功 2 refl.  think oneself fortunate or clever 暗自庆幸 □ congratulant  adj. & n.  □ congratulator  n.  □ congratulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin congratulari (as COM-, gratulari ‘show joy’ from gratus ‘pleasing’)]

congratulation /kənɡrætjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  congratulating 祝贺，道喜 2 (also as 亦作 int.; usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an expression of this 向你祝贺，给你道喜，恭喜你  congratulations on winning!  祝贺赢得胜利！ [Latin congratulatio (as CONGRATULATE)]

congregant /ˈkɒŋɡriɡ(ə)nt/ n.  a member of a congregation, esp. Brit. of a Jewish congregation 宗教团体的成员；[尤英]犹太教团体的成员 [Latin congregare (as CONGREGATE)]

congregate /ˈkɒŋɡriɡeit/ v. intr. & tr.  collect or gather into a crowd or mass 集合，聚集 [Middle English from Latin congregare (as COM-, gregare from grex gregis ‘flock’)]

congregation /kɒŋɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of congregating; collection into a crowd or mass 集合；聚集 2  a crowd or mass gathered together 人群，物群；集会 3  a  a body assembled for religious worship (参加宗教仪式的)会众b  a body of persons regularly attending a particular church etc. 教堂会众c RC Ch.  a body of persons obeying a common religious rule 【天主教】宗教团体d RC Ch.  any of several permanent committees of the Roman Catholic College of Cardinals 【天主教】红衣主教委员会 4 (作 Congregation) Brit. (in some universities) a general assembly of resident senior members [英] (某些大学的)住校高级教职员全体大会 [Middle English from Old French congregation or Latin congregatio (as CONGREGATE)]

congregational /kɒŋɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a congregation 集会的，教堂会众的 2 (作 Congregational)  of or adhering to Congregationalism (基督教)公理会的，公理制的

Congregationalism /kɒŋɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a system of ecclesiastical organization whereby individual churches are largely self-governing (in England and Wales such churches largely merging in the United Reformed Church from 1972) (基督教)公理教派，公理制 □ Congregationalist  n.  □ Congregationalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

congress /ˈkɒŋɡres/ n.  1  a formal meeting of delegates for discussion 代表大会 2 (Congress)  a national legislative body, esp. that of the US (尤指美国的)国会 3  a society or organization 协会，组织 4  coming together, meeting 聚会，社交 □ congressional  /kənˈɡreʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin congressus from congredi (as COM-, gradi ‘walk’)]

congressman /ˈkɒŋɡresmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. congresswoman, pl. -women)  a member of the US Congress (美国)国会议员

congruence /ˈkɒŋɡrʊəns/ n. (also 亦作 congruency /-ənsi/)  1  agreement, consistency 一致，适合，协调，连贯 2 Geom.  the state of being congruent 【几】叠合，全等；同余 [Middle English from Latin congruentia (as CONGRUENT)]

congruent /ˈkɒŋɡrʊənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  suitable, agreeing 适合的，一致的，和谐的 2 Geom. (of figures) coinciding exactly when superimposed 【几】(图形)叠合的，全等的，同余的 □ congruently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin congruere ‘agree’]

congruous /ˈkɒŋɡrʊəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  suitable, agreeing; fitting 符合的，一致的；适当的 □ congruity  /-ˈɡru:iti/ n.  □ congruously  adv.   [Latin congruus (as CONGRUENT)]

congé /ˈkɒnʒei, 法 kɔ˜ʒe/ n.  an unceremonious dismissal; leave-taking (突然或无礼的)撤职，罢免；告辞，告别 [Middle English via Old French congié from Latin commeatus ‘leave of absence’ from commeare ‘go and come’ (as COM-, meare ‘go’): now usu. treated as modern French]

conic /ˈkɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a cone 圆锥(形)的 ●n.  1  a conic section 圆锥曲线(或截面)，二次曲线 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the study of conic sections 锥线法，锥线论 [modern Latin conicus from Greek kōnikos (as CONE)]

conical /ˈkɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  cone-shaped 锥体的，圆锥形的 □ conically  adv.  

conical projection n. (also 亦作 conic projection)  a map projection in which a spherical surface is projected on to a cone, usually with its vertex above the pole 圆锥投影

conic section n.  a figure formed by the intersection of a cone and a plane 圆锥曲线(或截面)，二次曲线

conidium /kəʊˈnidiəm/ n. (pl. conidia /-diə/)  a spore produced asexually by various fungi (各种真菌无性繁殖的)分生孢子 [modern Latin, from Greek konis ‘dust’ + diminutive suffix -idium]

conifer /ˈkɒnifə, ˈkəʊn-/ n.  a tree of the order Coniferales, typically bearing cones and needle-like leaves (often evergreen), e.g. a pine, yew, cedar, or redwood 针叶树(松柏目常青植物，叶为针形，结球果，如松树、紫杉、雪松或红杉) □ coniferous  /kəˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin (as CONE, -FEROUS)]

coniform /ˈkəʊnifɔ:m/ adj.  cone-shaped 圆锥形的 [Latin conus ‘cone’ + -FORM]

coniine /ˈkəʊnii:n/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid found in hemlock, that paralyses the nerves 毒芹碱(一种从毒芹属植物中制取的有毒生物碱，可以导致神经麻痹) [Latin conium from Greek kōneion ‘hemlock’]

conjectural /kənˈdʒektʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  based on, involving, or given to conjecture 推测的，凭猜测的；以猜测为根据的 □ conjecturally  adv.   [French from Latin conjecturalis (as CONJECTURE)]

conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the formation of an opinion on incomplete information; guessing 推测；猜测b  an opinion or conclusion reached in this way 推测的观点(或结论) 2  a (in textual criticism) the guessing of a reading not in the text (校勘时的)揣摩b  a proposed reading 揣摩出来的文本 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  guess 猜测，推测 2 tr. (in textual criticism) propose (a reading) (校勘时)揣摩出 □ conjecturable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French conjecture or Latin conjectura, from conjicere ‘put together in thought’ (as COM-, jacere ‘throw’)]

conjoin /kənˈdʒɔin/ v. tr. & intr.  join, combine (使)结合，(使)联合 [Middle English from Old French conjoign-, pres. stem of conjoindre, from Latin conjungere (as COM-, jungere junct- ‘join’)]

conjoint /kənˈdʒɔint/ adj.  associated, conjoined 结合的，联合的 □ conjointly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, past part. of conjoindre (see CONJOIN)]

conjugal /ˈkɒndʒʊɡ(ə)l/ adj.  of marriage or the relation between husband and wife 婚姻的，夫妻关系的 □ conjugality  /-ˈɡæliti/ n.  □ conjugally  adv.   [Latin conjugalis from conjux ‘consort’ (as COM- + jug- root of jungere ‘join’)]

conjugal rights n. pl.  those rights (esp. to sexual relations) regarded as exercisable in law by each partner in a marriage 夫妻同居权

conjugate v., adj. & n. ●v. /ˈkɒndʒʊɡeit/  1 tr. Gram.  give the different forms of (a verb) 【语法】列举(动词的)词形变化 2 intr. Biol. 【生】  a  unite sexually 交配，结合b (of gametes) become fused (配子)混合，合并 3 intr. Chem. (of protein) combine with non-protein 【化】(蛋白质)与非蛋白质结合 ●adj. /ˈkɒndʒʊɡət/  1  joined together, esp. as a pair 结合的，(尤指)成对的 2 Gram.  derived from the same root 【语法】同根的，同源的 3 Biol.  fused 【生】结合的，合并的 4 Chem. (of an acid or base) related by loss or gain of a proton 【化】(酸或碱)共轭的，缀合的 5 Math.  joined in a reciprocal relation, esp. having the same real parts, and equal magnitudes but opposite signs of imaginary parts 【数】共轭复数的 ●n. /ˈkɒndʒʊɡət/  a conjugate word or thing 同根词，同源词；共轭化合物，缀合物 [Latin conjugare ‘yoke together’ (as COM-, jugare from jugum ‘yoke’)]

conjugation /kɒndʒʊˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Gram.  a system of verbal inflection 【语法】动词词形变化 2  the act or an instance of conjugating or being conjugated 结合，成对 3 Biol.  a  the fusion of two gametes in reproduction 【生】(繁殖时)配子结合，合并b  the temporary union of two unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material (两单细胞生物交换遗传物质时的)临时结合 □ conjugational  adj.   [Latin conjugatio (as CONJUGATE)]

conjunct /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)t/ adj.  joined together; combined; associated 连接的；结合的；联合的 [Middle English from Latin conjunctus (as CONJOIN)]

conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the action of joining; the condition of being joined 结合，连接；联合b  an instance of this 结合(或联合)的实例 2 Gram.  a word used to connect clauses or sentences or words in the same clause (e.g. 如 and, but, if) 【语法】连(接)词 3  a  a combination (of events or circumstances) (事件或情况的)结合，同时发生b  a number of associated persons or things 联合者；结合物 4 Astron. & Astrol.  the alignment of two bodies in the solar system so that they have the same longitude as seen from the earth 【天】【占】(太阳系中两个天体的)相合 □ in conjunction with   together with 连同，与…一道□ conjunctional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French conjonction from Latin conjunctioonis (as CONJUNCT)]

conjunctiva /kɒndʒʌŋ(k)ˈtaivə, kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tivə/ n. (pl. conjunctivas) Anat.  the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids 【解】(眼球的)结膜 □ conjunctival  adj.   [medieval Latin (membrana) conjunctiva ‘conjunctive membrane’ (as CONJUNCTIVE)]

conjunctive /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  serving to join; connective 结合的，连接的；联合的 2 Gram.  of the nature of a conjunction 【语法】起连接作用的，用作连接词的 ●n. Gram.  a conjunctive word 【语法】连接词，起连接作用的词 □ conjunctively  adv.   [Late Latin conjunctivus (as CONJOIN)]

conjunctivitis /kəndʒʌŋ(k)tiˈvaitis/ n.  inflammation of the conjunctiva 结膜炎

conjuncture /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃə/ n.  a combination of events; a state of affairs (事件的)同时发生；事态，局面 [obsolete French from Italian congiuntura (as CONJOIN)]

conjuration /kʌndʒəˈreiʃ(ə)n, kɒndʒʊ(ə)-/ n.  an incantation; a magic spell 符咒，咒语；魔力，魅力 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conjuratio -onis (as CONJURE)]

conjure /ˈkʌndʒə/ v.  1 intr.  perform tricks which are seemingly magical, esp. by rapid movements of the hands (尤指靠手的快速动作)变魔术，变戏法 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out of, away, to, etc.)  cause to appear or disappear as if by magic 使(魔法似的)出现(或消失)  conjured a rabbit out of a hat  从帽子里变出一只兔子 conjured them to a desert island  用魔法把他们送到一个荒岛上去 his pain was conjured away  他的疼痛魔法般地消失了 3 tr.  call upon (a spirit) to appear 用咒语呼唤(神灵) 4 intr.  perform marvels 创造奇迹 5 tr. /kənˈdʒʊə/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  appeal solemnly to (a person) 恳求，乞求(某人) □ conjure up   1  bring into existence or cause to appear as if by magic 如魔术般产生(或出现) 2  cause to appear to the eye or mind; evoke 使呈现于脑际(或眼帘)；想起 [earlier in the sense ‘oblige by oath, invoke (a spirit etc.)’, Middle English via Old French conjurer ‘plot, exorcise’ from Latin conjurare ‘band together by oath, conspire’ (as COM-, jurare ‘swear’)]

conjuror /ˈkʌndʒərə/ n. (also 亦作 conjurer)  a performer of conjuring tricks 魔术师，变戏法的人 [Anglo-French conjurour (Old French -eor), from medieval Latin conjurator (also CONJURE + -ER1)]

conk1 /kɒŋk/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out) colloq. [口]  1 (of a machine etc.) break down (机器等)发生故障，出毛病 2 (of a person) become exhausted and give up; faint; die (人)因过度疲劳而睡去；昏晕；死去 [20th c.: origin unknown]

conk2 /kɒŋk/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a Brit.  the nose [英]鼻子b  the head 头 2  a  a punch on the head or Brit. nose 打在头 ([英]鼻子)上的一拳b  a blow 打击，一击 ●v. tr.  punch on the head, Brit. nose etc. 击打头部；[英]击打鼻子 [19th c.: perhaps = CONCH]

conker /ˈkɒŋkə/ n.  1  the hard fruit of a horse chestnut 七叶树的坚果 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  a children's game played with conkers on strings, one hit against another to try to break it [英]康克戏(一种儿童游戏，双方各用绳子系住一个七叶树果，轮流互相击打，击破对方坚果者获胜) [dialect conker ‘snail shell’ (originally used in the game), associated with CONQUER]

conman /ˈkɒnmæn/ n. (pl. -men) slang [俚语]  = CONFIDENCE MAN 

con moto /kɒn ˈməʊtəʊ/ adv. Mus.  with movement 【音】活跃地(即伴有动作) [Italian, = with movement]

Conn. abbr.  Connecticut [缩略] (美国)康涅狄格州

conn US var.  of CON4 [美] CON4 的变体

connate /ˈkɒneit/ adj.  1  existing in a person or thing from birth; innate 天生的；先天的 2  formed at the same time 同时形成的，同生的 3  allied, congenial 有关联的，合意的 4 Bot. (of organs) congenitally united so as to form one part 【植】(器官)合生的 5 Geol. (of water) trapped in sedimentary rock during its deposition 【地质】(水)原生的 [Late Latin connatus, past part. of connasci (as COM-, nasci ‘be born’)]

connatural /kəˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  innate; belonging naturally 天生的；固有的 2  of like nature 性质相似的，同性质的 □ connaturally  adv.   [Late Latin connaturalis (as COM-, NATURAL)]

connect /kəˈnekt/ v.  1  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  join (one thing with another) 把…连接到…上去  connected the hose to the tap  把软管连接到水龙头上去b tr.  join (two things) 连接(两事物)，连结  a track connected the two villages  一条小路使两村相连c intr.  be joined or joinable (被)连接；(可)连接  the two parts do not connect  这两个部件无法连接 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  associate mentally or practically 联想，联系  did not connect the two ideas  没有把那两个想法联系起来 never connected her with the theatre  从来没有想到她会演戏 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) (of a train etc.) be synchronized at its destination with another train etc., so that passengers can transfer (火车等)接续，衔接，联运  the train connects with the boat  这列火车与那艘轮船联运 4 tr.  put into communication by telephone 接通电话，通过电话联系 5  a tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with)  unite or associate with others in relationships etc. 有联系；联姻  am connected with the royal family  (我)与王室联姻b intr.  form a logical sequence; be meaningful 连贯；有意义 6 intr. colloq.  hit or strike effectively [口]准而狠地打；击中，射中 □ connectable  adj.  □ connector  n.   [Latin connectere connex- (as COM-, nectere ‘bind’)]

connected /kəˈnektid/ adj.  1  joined in sequence 按顺序连接的 2 (of ideas etc.) coherent (观点、看法等)连贯的 3  related or associated 有联系的，有关系的 □ connectedly  adv.  □ connectedness  n.  

connecting rod n.  the rod between the piston and the crankpin etc. in an internal-combustion engine or between the wheels of a locomotive (内燃机或火车车轮的)活塞杆，连杆

connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] connexion)  1  a  the act of connecting; the state of being connected 连接；连接的状态b  an instance of this 连接的实例 2  the point at which two things are connected 连接点，连结点  broke at the connection  在连接点处断裂 3  a  a thing or person that connects; a link 连接物；联系人；联系  a radio formed the only connection with the outside world  一台收音机成了与外界联系的惟一工具 cannot see the connection between the two ideas  看不出这两个观点之间的联系b  a telephone link 电话接头  got a bad connection  电话接头接触不良 4  a  an arrangement or opportunity for catching a connecting train etc. (火车、轮船等的)接续，衔接；联运b  the train etc. itself 联运列车(或轮船)  missed the connection  误了联运列车 5 Electr. 【电】  a  the linking up of an electric current by contact (电流)连接，接通b  a device for effecting this 电路 6 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a relative or associate, esp. one with influence (尤指有权势的)熟人关系，关系户  has connections in the Home Office  在内政部有熟人关系 heard it through a business connection  通过一个业务关系户听到的这个消息 7  a relation of ideas; a context 连贯性；上下文联系  in this connection I have to disagree  关于这一点我必须提出反对意见 8 slang  a supplier of narcotics [俚语]毒品贩子 9  a religious body, esp. Methodist 教派(尤指卫理公会) □ in connection with   with reference to 关于□ in this (or that) connection   with reference to this (or that) 关于这(那)一点，在这(那)方面□ connectional  adj.   [Latin connexio (as CONNECT): spelling -ct- from CONNECT]

connective /kəˈnektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving or tending to connect 连接的，连结的；用于连接的，易于连接的 ●n.  something that connects 连接物，结合物

connective tissue n. Anat.  a tissue with relatively few cells in a non-living matrix that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, esp. fibrous tissue rich in collagen 【解】结缔组织

connectivity /kɒnekˈtiviti/ n.  1 Computing  capacity for interconnection of systems, applications, etc. 【计算】(系统、应用程序等的)连接能力，连结能力 2  the property or degree of being connected or interconnected 连接性，连结性

Connie /ˈkɒni/   康尼 [人名]

conning tower /ˈkɒniŋ/ n.  1  the superstructure of a submarine from which steering, firing, etc., are directed on or near the surface, and which contains the periscope (潜水艇的)瞭望塔 2  the armoured pilot house of a warship (军舰的)装甲指挥塔，司令塔 [CON4 + -ING1]

connivance /kəˈnaiv(ə)ns/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  conniving 共谋，纵容  connivance in the crime  同谋犯罪 2  tacit permission 默许  done with his connivance  在他默许下做的 [French connivence or Latin conniventia (as CONNIVE)]

connive /kəˈnaiv/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 at)  disregard or tacitly consent to (a wrongdoing) 纵容；默许；漠视(错误行为) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  conspire 共谋，密谋 □ conniver  n.   [French conniver or Latin connivēre ‘shut the eyes (to)’]

connoisseur /kɒnəˈsɜ:/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, in)  an expert judge in matters of taste (艺术品的)鉴赏家；(酒等的)鉴定家，行家  a connoisseur of fine wine  佳酿品尝专家 □ connoisseurship  n.   [French, obsolete spelling of connaisseur, from pres. stem of connaître ‘know’ + -eur -OR1: cf. RECONNOITRE]

connotation /kɒnəˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  that which is implied by a word etc. in addition to its literal or primary meaning (词语等的)内涵意义，隐含意义，转义  a letter with sinister connotations  用心险恶的一封信 2  the act of connoting or implying 含蓄，暗示

connote /kəˈnəʊt/ v. tr.  1 (of a word etc.) imply in addition to the literal or primary meaning (词语等)包含，隐含 2 (of a fact) imply as a consequence or condition (事实)暗示着…结果(或条件) 3  mean, signify 意思是，意味着，表明 □ connotative  /ˈkɒnəteitiv, kəˈnəʊtətiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin connotare ‘mark in addition’ (as COM-, notare from nota ‘mark’)]■Usage 用法说明 Connote and denote are sometimes confused. Connote means ‘to imply in addition to the primary meaning’, e.g. The words were harmless but the ideas they connoted were dangerous. In popular usage it is frequently used to mean ‘convey to the mind’ or ‘mean’ and hence verges on the sense of denote. 词语 connote 和 denote 有时容易混淆。 connote 表示“隐含着原义之外的附加意义”，如 The words were harmless but the ideas they connoted were dangerous. (这些话本身并无害处，但它们所隐含的观点却是危险的。)在通俗用法中，该词常用于表示“使想起”或“意味着”之义，因而接近于 denote 的含义。 

connubial /kəˈnju:biəl/ adj.  of or relating to marriage or the relationship of husband and wife 婚姻的，夫妻的 □ connubiality  /-biˈæliti/ n.  婚姻状况；结婚的习俗□ connubially  adv.   [Latin connubialis from connubium ‘marriage’ (as COM-, nubium from nubere ‘marry’)]

conoid /ˈkəʊnɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 conoidal /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/)  cone-shaped 圆锥形的 ●n.  a cone-shaped object 圆锥体，圆锥形物

conquer /ˈkɒŋkə/ v. tr.  1  a  overcome and control (an enemy or territory) by military force (以军事力量)征服，击败(敌人)；攻取，攻克(领土)b absol.  be victorious [含宾]得胜，制胜 2  overcome (a habit, emotion, disability, etc.) by effort 破除(习惯)；抑制(感情)；克服(不利条件)  conquered his fear  克服了他的恐惧心理 3  climb (a mountain) successfully 成功地登上(山峰) □ conquerable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French conquerre and Romanic from Latin conquirere (as COM-, quaerere ‘seek, get’)]

conqueror /ˈkɒŋk(ə)rə/ n.  1  a person who conquers 征服者，胜利者 2 Brit. [英]  = CONKER  [Middle English from Anglo-French conquerour (Old French -eor), from conquerre (as CONQUER)]

conquest /ˈkɒŋkwest/ n.  1  the act or an instance of conquering; the state of being conquered 征服，战胜；攻取；克服 2  a  conquered territory 征服地，被占领的土地b  something won 战利品；掠取物 3  a person whose affection or favour has been won 爱情的俘虏 4 (the Conquest, the Norman Conquest)  the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066 (1066 年威廉的)征服英国，诺曼征服 □ make a conquest of   win the affections of 赢得爱情，博得欢心 [Middle English via Old French conquest(e) from Romanic (as CONQUER)]

conquistador /kɒnˈkwistədɔ:/ n. (pl. conquistadores /-ˈdɔ:reiz/ or conquistadors)  a conqueror, esp. one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th c. 征服者(尤指 16 世纪征服墨西哥和秘鲁的西班牙人) [Spanish]

con-rod /ˈkɒnrɒd/ n. Brit. colloq.  connecting rod [英口]连杆，活塞杆 [abbreviation]

Cons. abbr. [缩略]  Conservative 

consanguineous /kɒnsæŋˈɡwiniəs/ adj.  descended from the same ancestor; akin 同宗的，同族的；有血缘关系的 □ consanguinity  n.   [Latin consanguineus (as COM-, sanguis -inis ‘blood’)]

conscience /ˈkɒnʃ(ə)ns/ n.  1  a moral sense of right and wrong esp. as felt by a person and affecting behaviour (尤指感觉到或影响行为的)良心，道德心；是非感  my conscience won't allow me to do that  我的良心不允许我那样做 2  an inner feeling as to the goodness or otherwise of one's behaviour 内心，意识  my conscience is clear  我问心无愧 has a guilty conscience  感到内疚 □ for conscience (or conscience') sake   to satisfy one's conscience 为了良心上过得去□ in all conscience  colloq.  by any reasonable standard; by all that is fair [口]凭良心说；公平地说□ on one's conscience   causing one feelings of guilt 引起悔恨(或内疚)的□ conscienceless  adj.   [earlier in the sense ‘inner thoughts or knowledge’, Middle English via Old French from Latin conscientia, from conscire ‘be privy to’ (as COM-, scire ‘know’)]

conscience clause n.  a clause in a law, ensuring respect for the consciences of those affected 道德条款(指法律上规定的尊重当事人宗教或道德准则的条款)

conscience money n.  a sum paid to relieve one's conscience, esp. about a payment previously evaded 悔罪金，(为求心安而付的)追偿金(尤指补交原先逃避的款项等)

conscience-stricken adj. (also 亦作 conscience-struck)  made uneasy by a bad conscience 于心不安的，受良心谴责的

conscientious /kɒnʃiˈenʃəs/ adj. (of a person or conduct) diligent and scrupulous (人或表现)勤勉的，勤奋的；一丝不苟的 □ conscientiously  adv.  □ conscientiousness  n.   [French consciencieux from medieval Latin conscientiosus (as CONSCIENCE)]

conscientious objector n.  a person who for reasons of conscience objects to conforming to a requirement, esp. that of military service (出于道德原因而)拒绝服从(尤指兵役)者，拒绝参与战争行为者

conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  awake and aware of one's surroundings and identity 醒着的，神志清醒的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  aware, knowing 意识到的，感觉到的  conscious of his inferiority  意识到他的自卑感 3 (of actions, emotions, etc.) realized or recognized by the doer; intentional (行为、感情等)有意识的；故意的，存心的  made a conscious effort not to laugh  有意识地忍着不笑 4 (in comb. 用于复合词)  aware of; concerned with 有…意识的；关心…的  fashion-conscious  注重时尚的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the conscious mind 意识 □ consciously  adv.   [Latin conscius ‘knowing with others or in oneself’ from conscire (as COM-, scire ‘know’)]

consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnis/ n.  1  the state of being conscious 知觉，感觉  lost consciousness during the fight  在战斗中失去了知觉 2  a  awareness, perception 意识，觉察  had no consciousness of being ridiculed  没有意识到受了嘲弄b (in comb. 用于复合词)  awareness of 觉悟  class-consciousness  阶级觉悟 3  the totality of a person's thoughts, feelings, and sensations, or of a class of these 意识能力(指思想、感情和感觉的总和)；阶级意识  moral consciousness  道德意识

consciousness-raising n.  the activity of increasing esp. social or political sensitivity or awareness (尤指政治、社会)意识的提高；觉悟的提高

conscribe /kənˈskraib/ v. tr.  = CONSCRIPTv.  [Latin conscribere (as CONSCRIPTION)]

conscript v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈskript/  enlist by conscription 征募，招募，征兵 ●n. /ˈkɒnskript/  a person enlisted by conscription 应征士兵，应征入伍者 [verb is a back-formation from CONSCRIPTION: noun via French conscrit from Latin conscriptus (as CONSCRIPTION)]

conscription /kənˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  compulsory enlistment for state service, esp. military service 征募，征召(尤指征兵) [French via Late Latin conscriptio ‘levying of troops’ from Latin conscribere conscript- ‘enrol’ (as COM-, scribere ‘write’)]

consecrate /ˈkɒnsikreit/ v. tr.  1  make or declare sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose 使神圣；宣布为神圣；奉献 2 (in Christian belief) make (bread and wine) into the body and blood of Christ (基督教)使复体，给(面包和酒等)祝圣 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  devote (one's life etc.) to (a purpose) 献身于(事业等) 4  ordain (esp. a bishop) to a sacred office 委任圣职(尤指主教) □ consecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ consecrator  n.  □ consecratory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin consecrare (as COM-, secrare = sacrare ‘dedicate’ from sacer ‘sacred’)]

consecution /kɒnsiˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  logical sequence (in argument or reasoning) (辩论或推理的)逻辑顺序 2  sequence, succession (of events etc.) (事件等的)顺序，连续，一连串 [Latin consecutio from consequi consecut- ‘overtake’ (as COM-, sequi ‘pursue’)]

consecutive /kənˈsekjʊtiv/ adj.  1  a  following continuously 连续不断的b  in unbroken or logical order 连贯的，按逻辑顺序的 2 Gram.  expressing consequence 【语法】结果的 □ consecutively  adv.  □ consecutiveness  n.   [French consécutif -ive from medieval Latin consecutivus (as CONSECUTION)]

consecutive intervals n. pl.  intervals of the same kind (esp. fifths or octaves), occurring in succession between two voices or parts in harmony 连续音程(尤指五度音程或八度音程)

consensual /kənˈsensjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  of or by consent or consensus 经双方同意的，一致同意的 □ consensually  adv.   [Latin consensus (see CONSENSUS) + -AL]

consensus /kənˈsensəs/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  a  general agreement (of opinion, testimony, etc.) (意见、证词等)一致，相符b  an instance of this 意见一致的实例 2 (作 attrib.)  majority view; collective opinion 多数人意见；舆论  consensus politics  代表多数人意见的政治 [Latin, = agreement (as CONSENT)]

consent /kənˈsent/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  express willingness; give permission; agree 乐意，同意；准许，答应 ●n.  voluntary agreement; permission; compliance 同意，准许；依从 [Middle English via Old French consentir from Latin consentire (as COM-, sentire sens- ‘feel’)]

consentient /kənˈsenʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  agreeing; united in opinion 一致同意的；意见统一的 2  concurrent 一致的，协调的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  consenting 赞成的，赞同的 [Latin consentient- (as CONSENT)]

consenting adult n.  an adult who consents to something, esp. Brit. a homosexual act 同意做某事的成年人；[尤英]赞同同性恋的成年男子

consequence /ˈkɒnsikw(ə)ns/ n.  1  the result or effect of an action or condition 结果，后果 2  a  importance 重要性，重大  it is of no consequence  这件事无足轻重b  social distinction 显要，卓越  persons of consequence  一些知名人士 3 (in pl. 用复数 , often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a game in which a narrative (usu. describing the meeting of a man and woman and its consequences) is made up by the players, each ignorant of what has already been contributed 连环问答式叙事游戏(通常描述男女相遇及其结果等) □ in consequence   as a result 因此，结果是□ take the consequences   accept the results of one's choice or action 自食其果，承担…的后果 [Middle English via Old French from Latin consequentia (as CONSEQUENT)]

consequent /ˈkɒnsikw(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  following as a result or consequence 作为结果的，随之发生的 2  logically consistent 合乎逻辑的，逻辑上一致的 ●n.  1  a thing that follows another 结果，后果；随后发生的事 2 Logic  the second part of a conditional proposition, dependent on the antecedent 【逻辑学】后件，推断 [Middle English via Old French from Latin consequi ‘overtake’ (as COM-, sequi ‘pursue’)]

consequential /kɒnsiˈkwenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  following as a result or consequence 作为结果的，随之发生的 2  resulting indirectly 间接发生的  consequential damage  间接损害 3  important; significant 重要的；重大的 □ consequentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ consequentially  adv.   [Latin consequentia]

consequentialism /kɒnsiˈkwenʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences 【哲】行为结果主义(即行为的道德性仅仅视行为的结果而定的理论) □ consequentialist  adj. & n.  

consequently /ˈkɒnsikw(ə)ntli/ adv. & conj.  as a result; therefore 所以；因而

conservancy /kənˈsɜ:v(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit.  a commission etc. controlling a port, river, etc. [英] (港口、河流等的)管理委员会  Thames Conservancy  泰晤士河管理委员会 2  a body concerned with the preservation of natural resources (自然资源)保护机构  Nature Conservancy  自然保护组织 3  conservation; official preservation (of forests etc.) (森林等的)保护；官方管理 [18th-c. alteration of obsolete conservacy, from Anglo-French conservacie via Anglo-Latin conservatia from Latin conservatio (as CONSERVE)]

conservation /kɒnsəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  preservation, esp. of the natural environment (尤指对自然环境的)保护 □ conservation of energy (or mass or momentum etc.)  Physics  the principle that the total quantity of energy (or mass, momentum, etc.) remains constant in a system not subject to external influence 【物理学】能量(质量、动量等)守恒□ conservational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French conservation or Latin conservatio (as CONSERVE)]

conservation area n.  an area containing a noteworthy environment and specially protected by law against undesirable changes 保护区(即受法律保护以维持其原有自然风貌或建筑特色的区域)

conservationist /kɒnsəˈveiʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a supporter or advocate of environmental conservation 提倡保护自然环境者

conservative /kənˈsɜ:vətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  averse to rapid change 守旧的，保守的b (of views, taste, etc.) moderate; avoiding extremes (观点、情趣等)温和的；中庸的；避免过激的  conservative in his dress  穿着保守 2 (of an estimate etc.) purposely low; moderate, cautious (估计等)故意低估的；稳妥的，谨慎的 3 (作 Conservative)  of or characteristic of Conservatives or the Conservative Party 保守党的 4  tending to conserve 守恒的 ●n.  1  a conservative person 保守主义者，因循守旧者 2 (作 Conservative)  a supporter or member of the Conservative Party 保守党的支持者，保守党党员 □ conservatism  n.  □ conservatively  adv.  □ conservativeness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin conservativus (as CONSERVE)]

Conservative Judaism n.  Judaism allowing only minor changes in traditional ritual etc. 保守犹太教

Conservative Party n.  1  a British political party promoting free enterprise and private ownership (英国的)保守党 2  a similar party elsewhere (其他国家的)保守党

conservative surgery n.  surgery that seeks to preserve tissues as far as possible 保守外科(主张尽可能保存患者身体病变组织的外科)

conservatoire /kənˈsɜ:vətwɑ:/ n.  a (usu. European) school of music or other arts (通常指欧洲的)音乐(或艺术)学校 [French from Italian conservatorio (as CONSERVATORY)]

conservator /ˈkɒnsəveitə, kənˈsɜ:vətə/ n.  a person who preserves something; an official custodian (of a museum etc.) 保管者，保护者；(博物馆等的)管理员 [Middle English via Anglo-French conservatour, Old French -ateur via Latin conservator -oris (as CONSERVE)]

conservatorium /kənsɜ:vəˈtɔ:riəm/ n. Austral. [澳]  = CONSERVATOIRE 

conservatory /kənˈsɜ:vət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a greenhouse for tender plants; a room, esp. one attached to and communicating with a house, designed for the growing or displaying of plants (尤指与住房相连，培养或展示植物的)温室，暖房 2  = SUN LOUNGE  3 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = CONSERVATOIRE  [Late Latin conservatorium (as CONSERVE): sense 3 via Italian conservatorio]

conserve /kənˈsɜ:v/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  store up; keep from harm or damage, esp. for later use 保护；贮藏，保存(尤指以备后用) 2 Physics  maintain a quantity of (heat etc.) 【物理学】使(热量等)守恒 3  preserve (food, esp. fruit), usu. with sugar (通常用糖渍)保存(食品，尤指水果) ●n. /also 亦作 ˈkɒnsɜ:v/  1  fruit etc. preserved in sugar 蜜饯，果脯 2  fresh fruit jam 鲜果酱 [Middle English via Old French conserver from Latin conservare (as COM-, servare ‘keep’)]

consider /kənˈsidə/ v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  1  a  contemplate mentally, esp. in order to reach a conclusion; give attention to (尤指为得出结论而)考虑，细想；关注b  examine the merits of (a course of action, a candidate, claim, etc.) 权衡(行动方案、要求等的)得失；考虑(候选人)的功过 2  look attentively at 细看，凝视 3  take into account; show regard for 考虑到，体谅；尊重 4 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  have the opinion 认为，断定 5 (foll. by 后跟 compl.)  believe; regard as 相信；把…看作  consider it to be genuine  相信它是非人造的 consider it settled  认为事情解决了 6 (as 作 considered adj.)  formed after careful thought 经反复思考的，经深思熟虑的  a considered opinion  经过深思熟虑的意见 □ all things considered   taking everything into account 通盘考虑，从各方面来考虑 [Middle English via Old French considerer from Latin considerare ‘examine’]

considerable /kənˈsid(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  enough in amount or extent to merit consideration; much; a lot of 相当多(大)的，很多(大)的；值得考虑的  considerable pain  很大的痛苦 2  notable, important 值得注意的，重要的，重大的  considerable achievement  重大成就 □ considerably  adv.  

considerate /kənˈsid(ə)rət/ adj.  1  thoughtful towards other people; careful not to cause hurt or inconvenience 体贴的，体谅的；考虑周到的 2 archaic  careful [古义]谨慎的，小心的 □ considerately  adv.  

consideration /kənsidəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of considering; careful thought 考虑，思考 2  thoughtfulness for others; being considerate 体贴，关切；照顾 3  a fact or a thing taken into account in deciding or judging something 所考虑的事，需考虑的事 4  compensation; a payment or reward 补偿费；报酬，酬金 5 Law (in a contractual agreement) anything given or promised or forborne by one party in exchange for the promise or undertaking of another 【法律】(合同协议的)对价；约因，约根 6 archaic  importance or consequence [古义]重要性 □ in consideration of   in return for; on account of 作为酬报；考虑到□ take into consideration   include as a factor, reason, etc.; make allowance for 考虑到，顾及□ under consideration   being considered 在考虑中；在研究中；在审议中 [Middle English via Old French from Latin consideratio -onis (as CONSIDER)]

considering /kənˈsid(ə)riŋ/ prep., conj. & adv. ●prep. & conj.  in view of; taking into consideration 考虑到；就…而论  considering their youth  考虑到他们还年轻 considering that it was snowing  鉴于天在下雪 ●adv. colloq.  all in all; taking everything into account [口]总的说来；通盘考虑起来  not so bad, considering  总的说来还算不错

consign /kənˈsain/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  hand over; deliver to a person's possession or trust 把…交付与，把…委托给 2  assign; commit decisively or permanently 委派；打发，放逐  consigned it to the dustbin  把它丢进垃圾箱 consigned to years of misery  使陷于多年的悲惨境地 3  transmit or send (goods), usu. by a public carrier (通常指通过公共运输公司)托运，运送(货物) □ consignee  /kɒnsaiˈni:/ n.  受托人；收件人，收货人□ consignor  n.  委托人；寄件人，发货人 [Middle English from French consigner or Latin consignare ‘mark with a seal’ as COM-, signare ‘sign’]

consignment /kənˈsainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of consigning; the process of being consigned 交付，委托；托运，发送 2  a batch of goods consigned 托运的一批货物，寄售的物品

consist /kənˈsist/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  be composed of; have ingredients or elements as specified 由…组成；构成  the house consists of five rooms  那座房子由 5 个房间组成 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  have its essential features as specified 在于，存在于  its beauty consists in the use of colour  它的美在于色彩的运用 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  harmonize; be consistent 和谐，融洽；一致，符合 [Latin consistere ‘stand firm or still, exist’ (as COM-, sistere ‘stop’)]

consistency /kənˈsist(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 consistence) (pl. -ies or -es)  1  a  the degree of firmness with which a substance holds together 强度，硬度；坚固性，坚硬性b  the degree of density, esp. of thick liquids (尤指黏稠液体的)浓度，黏稠度 2  the state of being consistent; conformity with other or earlier attitudes, practice, etc. 一致性，一贯性；协调 [French consistence or Late Latin consistentia (as CONSIST)]

consistent /kənˈsist(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  compatible or in harmony; not contradictory 一致的，和谐的；符合的 2 (of a person) constant to the same principles of thought or action (人)坚持不懈的，一贯的，始终如一的 □ consistently  adv.   [Latin consistere (as CONSIST)]

consistory /kənˈsist(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 RC Ch.  the council of cardinals (with or without the Pope) 【天主教】(有或没有教皇参加的)红衣主教议会 2 (in full 全称 consistory court) (in the Church of England) a court presided over by a bishop, for the administration of ecclesiastical law in a diocese (英国国教会)主教法庭 3 (in other Churches) a local administrative body (其他教派的)地方管理机构 □ consistorial  /kɒnsiˈstɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French consistorie, Old French -oire from Late Latin consistorium (as CONSIST)]

consociation /kɒnsəʊʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -səʊsi-/ n.  1  close association, esp. of Churches or religious communities (尤指教堂或宗教团体之间的)密切关系，联合 2 Ecol.  a closely related sub-group of plants having one dominant species 【态】单优种群丛 [Latin consociatio, -onis from consociare (as COM-, socius ‘fellow’)]

consolation /kɒnsəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of consoling; the state of being consoled 安慰，慰藉；慰问 2  a consoling thing, person, or circumstance 起安慰作用的事物(人或环境) □ consolatory  /kənˈsɒlət(ə)ri, -ˈsəʊl-/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin consolatio -onis (as CONSOLE1)]

consolation prize n.  a prize given to a competitor who just fails to win a main prize 安慰奖，鼓励奖

console1 /kənˈsəʊl/ v. tr.  comfort, esp. in grief or disappointment (尤指在悲伤或失望中)安慰，抚慰，慰问 □ consolable  adj.  □ consoler  n.  □ consolingly  adv.   [French consoler from Latin consolari (as COM-, solari ‘soothe’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONDOLE. 见 CONDOLE 词条的用法说明。 

console2 /ˈkɒnsəʊl/ n.  1  a panel or unit accommodating a set of switches, controls, etc. 仪表板，控制台，操纵台 2  a cabinet for television or radio equipment etc. 电视机(或收音机)落地柜 3 Mus.  a cabinet with the keyboards, stops, pedals, etc., of an organ 【音】风琴的操作台(包括键盘、音栓、踏板等) 4  an ornamented bracket supporting a shelf etc. (带有装饰的)支架，托架 [French, perhaps from consolider (as CONSOLIDATE)]

console table n.  a table supported by a bracket against a wall (靠墙放的)螺形托架小桌

consolidate /kənˈsɒlideit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become strong or solid (使)结实，(使)坚固 2 tr.  reinforce or strengthen (one's position, power, etc.) 巩固，加强(地位、权力等) 3 tr.  combine (territories, companies, debts, etc.) into one whole (领土、公司、债务等)联合，合并 □ consolidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ consolidator  n.  □ consolidatory  adj.   [Latin consolidare (as COM-, solidare from solidus ‘solid’)]

consolidated fund n. (also 亦作 consolidated annuities) Brit.  a Bank of England fund into which tax revenue is paid and from which payments not dependent on annual votes in Parliament are made [英]统一基金(由政府设立的用于支付公债利息的基金)

consols /ˈkɒns(ə)lz/ n. pl.  British government securities without redemption date and with fixed annual interest (英国政府发行的定息无归偿期)政府债券 [abbreviation of consolidated annuities]

consommé /kənˈsɒmei/ n.  a clear soup made with concentrated meat stock 清炖肉汤 [French, past part. of consommer from Latin consummare (as CONSUMMATE)]

consonance /ˈkɒns(ə)nəns/ n.  1  agreement, harmony 一致，和谐，协调 2 Prosody  a recurrence of similar-sounding consonants 【诗体】(诗行中的)辅音韵 3 Mus.  a harmonious combination of notes; a harmonious interval 【音】和音；协和音程 [Middle English from Old French consonance or Latin consonantia (as CONSONANT)]

consonant /ˈkɒns(ə)nənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed, and which to form a syllable must be combined with a vowel 辅音 2  a letter or letters representing this 辅音字母 ●adj. (foll. by 后跟 with, to)  1  consistent; in agreement or harmony 一致的；符合的，协调的 2  similar in sound (音调、声音等)和谐的 3 Mus.  making a concord 【音】协和音程的 □ consonantal  /-ˈnænt(ə)l/ adj.  □ consonantly  adv.   [Middle English via French from Latin consonare (as COM-, sonare ‘to sound’ from sonus)]

con sordino /kɒn sɔ:ˈdi:nəʊ/ adv. Mus.  with the use of a mute 【音】用弱音器 [Italian]

consort1 n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒnsɔ:t/  1  a wife or husband, esp. of royalty (尤指王室成员的)配偶  prince consort  王妃 2  a companion; an associate 伙伴，同事；合伙人 3  a ship sailing with another 随航船只，僚舰，僚艇 ●v. /kənˈsɔ:t/  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, together)  a  keep company; associate 陪伴；结交b  harmonize 协调，融洽，和谐 2 tr.  class or bring together 把…归在一类；使联合 [Middle English via French from Latin consors ‘sharer, comrade’ (as COM-, sors sortis ‘lot, destiny’)]

consort2 /ˈkɒnsɔ:t/ n. Mus.  a group of musicians who regularly perform together, esp. playing early music 【音】(尤指经常同台演出早期音乐的)一组乐师  recorder consort  录音乐师 [earlier form of CONCERT]

consortium /kənˈsɔ:tiəm/ n. (pl. consortia /-tiə/ or consortiums)  1  an association, esp. of several business companies (尤指几家企业公司的)联合，合伙；联营企业 2 Law  the right of association with a husband or wife 【法律】配偶权利  loss of consortium  配偶权利的丧失 [Latin, = partnership (as CONSORT1)]

conspecific /kɒnspəˈsifik/ adj. Biol.  of the same species 【生】同种的

conspectus /kənˈspektəs/ n.  1  a general or comprehensive survey 概观，概览 2  a summary or synopsis 摘要，概要，大纲 [Latin from conspicere conspect- (as COM-, spicere ‘look at’)]

conspicuous /kənˈspikjʊəs/ adj.  1  clearly visible; striking to the eye 明显的，显眼的；惹人注意的  a conspicuous hole in his shirt  他衬衫上一个显眼的破洞 2  remarkable; noteworthy 出色的；值得注意的  a conspicuous success  显著的成就 3 (of expenditure etc.) lavish, with a view to enhancing one's prestige (花费开支等)炫耀的，铺张的，摆阔气的 □ conspicuously  adv.  □ conspicuousness  n.   [Latin conspicuus (as CONSPECTUS)]

conspiracy /kənˈspirəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a secret plan to commit a crime or do harm, often for political ends; a plot (常指有政治目的的)秘密计划；犯罪图谋，阴谋 2  the act of conspiring 阴谋活动，密谋 [Middle English via Anglo-French conspiracie, alteration of Old French conspiration, from Latin conspiratio -onis (as CONSPIRE)]

conspiracy of silence n.  an agreement to say nothing (对错误或非法行为)保持缄默的密约，攻守同盟

conspiracy theory n.  a belief that some covert but influential agency or organization is responsible for an unexplained event 缄默理论(即认为某个有影响的秘密组织应对不明事件负责的看法)

conspirator /kənˈspirətə/ n.  a person who takes part in a conspiracy 共谋者，阴谋家 □ conspiratorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ conspiratorially  /-ˈtɔ:riəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French conspiratour, Old French -teur (as CONSPIRE)]

conspire /kənˈspaiə/ v. intr.  1  combine secretly to plan and prepare an unlawful or harmful act (为非法或有害活动而)密谋，搞阴谋，图谋 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, or to + infin.) (of events or circumstances) seem to be working together, esp. disadvantageously (尤指不利的事件或情况)似乎同时发生 [Middle English via Old French conspirer from Latin conspirare ‘agree, plot’ (as COM-, spirare ‘breathe’)]

constable /ˈkʌnstəb(ə)l, ˈkɒn-/ n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a policeman or policewoman (男女)警察b (also 亦作 police constable)  a police officer of the lowest rank (最低等级的)警官 2  the governor of a royal castle (皇家城堡的)看守 3 hist.  the principal officer in a royal household [史义]王室总管；皇家总管 [Middle English via Old French conestable from Late Latin comes stabuli ‘count (head officer) of the stable’]

constabulary /kənˈstæbjʊləri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  an organized body of police; a police force 武装警察；警察部队 ●attrib. adj.  of or concerning the police force 警察部队的，关于警察部队的 [medieval Latin constabularius (as CONSTABLE)]

Constance /ˈkɒnstəns/   康斯坦斯 [人名]

constancy /ˈkɒnst(ə)nsi/ n.  1  the quality of being unchanging and dependable; faithfulness 忠实可靠；忠诚 2  firmness, endurance 坚定不移，坚贞，坚决 [Latin constantia (as CONSTANT)]

constant /ˈkɒnst(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  continuous 不断的，持续的  needs constant attention  需要不断地集中注意力 2  occurring frequently 经常发生的  receive constant complaints  经常收到抱怨投诉 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unchanging, faithful, dependable 不变的；忠实的；可靠的 ●n.  1  anything that does not vary 持久不变的事物 2 Math.  a component of a relationship between variables that does not change its value 【数】常数，常量 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  a number expressing a relation, property, etc., and remaining the same in all circumstances 常量b  such a number that remains the same for a substance in the same conditions 恒量 □ constantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin constare (as COM-, stare ‘stand’)]

constantan /ˈkɒnst(ə)ntæn/ n.  an alloy of copper and nickel used in electrical equipment 康铜(用于制作电器设备的铜镍合金) [CONSTANT + -AN]

Constantsa /kənˈstɑ:ntsə/ n.  康斯坦萨 [罗马尼亚港市]

constellate /ˈkɒnstəleit/ v. tr.  1  form into (or as if into) a constellation 使(似)形成星座；使(似)群集 2  adorn as with stars 以群星来装饰；点缀

constellation /kɒnstəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a group of fixed stars whose outline is traditionally regarded as forming a particular figure 星座(外观被认为像某个特定形体的一组恒星) 2  a group of associated persons, ideas, etc. 相关的人群；相关的思想观点 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin constellatio -onis (as COM-, stella ‘star’)]

consternate /ˈkɒnstəneit/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动形式)  dismay; fill with anxiety 使惊恐，使惊愕；使充满焦虑 [Latin consternare (as COM-, sternere ‘throw down’)]

consternation /kɒnstəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  anxiety or dismay causing mental confusion (引起思想混乱的)焦虑；惊恐，惊愕 [French consternation or Latin consternatio (as CONSTERNATE)]

constipate /ˈkɒnstipeit/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 constipated adj.)  affect with constipation 使便秘，使肠道秘结；限制，阻碍 [Latin constipare (as COM-, stipare ‘press’)]

constipation /kɒnstiˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a condition with hardened faeces and difficulty in emptying the bowels 便秘 2  a restricted state 受限制(或约束)的状态 [Middle English from Old French constipation or Late Latin constipatio (as CONSTIPATE)]

constituency /kənˈstitjʊənsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative member to a legislative body 选区的全体选民 2 Brit.  the area represented in this way [英]选区 3  a body of customers, supporters, etc. 一群拥护者；一群老主顾

constituent /kənˈstitjʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  composing or helping to make up a whole 组成的，构成的；有助于形成的 2  able to make or change a (political etc.) constitution 有宪法制定(或修改)权的；有组阁权的  constituent assembly  立宪会议 3  appointing or electing 任命的；选举的 ●n.  1  a member of a constituency (esp. political) (尤指政治方面的)选民，选区居民 2  a component part 成分，要素 3 Law  a person who appoints another as agent 【法律】委托人 [Latin constituent-, partly via French constituant (as CONSTITUTE)]

constitute /ˈkɒnstitju:t/ v. tr.  1  be the components or essence of; make up, form 组成；构成，形成 2  a  be equivalent or tantamount to 相当于，等于  this constitutes an official warning  这相当于一次正式警告b  formally establish 设立，建立  does not constitute a precedent  不开创先例 3  give legal or constitutional form to; establish by law 给…以合法形式；以合法形式设立 [Latin constituere (as COM-, statuere ‘set up’)]

constitution /kɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or method of constituting; the composition (of something) (事物的)构造；构成成分 2  a  the body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed 宪法；章程b  a (usu. written) record of this (通常指书面形式的)宪法文本 3  a person's physical state as regards vitality, health, strength, etc. 体格，体质 4  a person's mental or psychological make-up (人的智力或心理)素质，性格 5 hist.  a decree or ordinance [史义]政令，法令，法规条例 [Middle English from Old French constitution or Latin constitutio (as CONSTITUTE)]

constitutional /kɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, consistent with, authorized by, or limited by a political constitution 宪法的；符合宪法的；宪法规定的  a constitutional monarchy  符合宪法的君主制 2  inherent in, stemming from, or affecting the physical or mental constitution 内在的，生来的；起源于；影响体质(或心理素质)的 ●n.  a walk taken regularly to maintain or restore good health 保健散步，保健运动 □ constitutionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ constitutionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ constitutionally  adv.  

constitutionalism /kɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a constitutional system of government 宪政，立宪政体 2  the adherence to or advocacy of such a system 坚持立宪政体，拥护立宪政体 □ constitutionalist  n.  

constitutive /ˈkɒnstitju:tiv/ adj.  1  able to form or appoint 有制定权的；有任命权的 2  component 组成的，构成的 3  essential 本质的，基本的 □ constitutively  adv.   [Late Latin constitutivus (as CONSTITUTE)]

constrain /kənˈstrein/ v. tr.  1  compel; urge irresistibly or by necessity 强迫，迫使；力劝 2  a  confine forcibly; imprison 约束；关押，监禁b  restrict severely as regards action, behaviour, etc. 严格限制(行动、行为等) 3  bring about by compulsion 强行作出 4 (as 作 constrained adj.)  forced, embarrassed 勉强的，不自然的  a constrained voice  假嗓子 a constrained manner  不自然的态度 □ constrainedly  /kənˈstreinidli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French constraindre from Latin constringere (as COM-, stringere strict- ‘tie’)]

constraint /kənˈstreint/ n.  1  the act or result of constraining or being constrained; restriction of liberty 约束，限制；关押，禁闭 2  something that constrains; a limitation on motion or action 强制性的事物；约束性的事物 3  the restraint of natural feelings or their expression; a constrained manner 克制，抑制；不自然的态度 [Middle English from Old French constreinte, fem. past part. of constraindre (as CONSTRAIN)]

constrict /kənˈstrikt/ v. tr.  1  make narrow or tight; compress 使收缩，使缩窄；压缩，压紧 2 Biol.  cause (organic tissue) to contract 【生】使(有机组织)收缩 □ constriction  n.  □ constrictive  adj.   [Latin, past part. stem of constringere (as CONSTRAIN)]

constrictor /kənˈstriktə/ n.  1  any snake (esp. a boa) that kills by coiling round its prey and compressing it (将猎物缠绕挤压而死的)蟒蛇，大蛇 2 Anat.  any muscle that compresses or contracts an organ or part of the body 【解】缩肌，括约肌 [modern Latin (as CONSTRICT)]

construct v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈstrʌkt/  1  make by fitting parts together; build, form (something physical or abstract) 建造，构筑；组成，形成 2 Geom.  draw or delineate, esp. accurately to given conditions 【几】(尤指按所给条件)画几何图  construct a triangle  制作 1 个三角形 ●n. /ˈkɒnstrʌkt/  1  a thing constructed, esp. by the mind 建造物，构成物(尤指构思的结果) 2 Linguistics  a group of words forming a phrase 【语言学】结构成分，结构体 □ constructor  n.  建造者，施工者 [Latin construere construct- (as COM-, struere ‘pile, build’)]

construction /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or a mode of constructing 建造，构筑，建设；建筑式样 2  a thing constructed 建造物，建筑物 3  an interpretation or explanation 释义；解释  they put a generous construction on his act  他们对他的行为作了宽厚的解释 4 Gram.  an arrangement of words according to syntactical rules 【语法】句法结构，句法关系 □ constructional  adj.  □ constructionally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin constructio -onis (as CONSTRUCT)]

constructionism /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1 Art 【艺术】  = CONSTRUCTIVISM  2 US Law  interpretation of a legal document in a specified way [美]【法律】对法律文件的特定解释  strict constructionism  严格的法律文件解释 □ constructionist  n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  

construction site n.  = BUILDING SITE 

constructive /kənˈstrʌktiv/ adj.  1  of construction; tending to construct 建设的；建筑的 2  tending to form a basis for ideas; helpful, positive (opp. 反义 DESTRUCTIVE 2) 建设性的；有助益的；积极的  constructive criticism  建设性的批评 a constructive approach  有助益的方法 3  derived by inference; not expressed 推断的；未表达出来的  constructive permission  推断允许 4  belonging to the structure of a building 属于建筑结构的 □ constructively  adv.  □ constructiveness  n.   [Late Latin constructivus (as CONSTRUCT)]

constructive dismissal n.  the changing of an employee's job or working conditions with the aim of forcing resignation 推定解雇(即变换雇员的工作或工作条件以迫使其辞职)

constructivism /kənˈstrʌktiviz(ə)m/ n. Art  a Russian movement in which assorted (usu. mechanical or industrial) objects are combined into non-representational and mobile structural forms 【艺术】构成主义，构成派艺术(俄罗斯的一场(通常为机械的或工业的)用混杂物体构成抽象立体的艺术运动) □ constructivist  n.   [CONSTRUCTIVE + -ISM, transliterating Russian konstruktivizm]

construe /kənˈstru:/ v. tr. (construes, construed, construing)  1  interpret (words or actions) 解释(话语或行为)  their decision can be construed in many ways  他们的决定可以有许多种解释 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  combine (words) grammatically 根据语法规则把(词语)组合起来  ‘rely’ is construed with ‘on’  动词 rely 与介词 on 连用 3  analyse the syntax of (a sentence) (对句子)作句法分析 4  translate word for word 逐字翻译 □ construable  adj.  □ construal  n.   [Middle English from Latin construere CONSTRUCT]

consubstantial /kɒnsəbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj. Theol.  of the same substance (esp. of the three persons of the Trinity) 【神】同质的，同体的；(尤指基督教圣父、圣子、圣灵)三位一体的 □ consubstantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.   [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin consubstantialis, translation of Greek homoousios (as COM-, SUBSTANTIAL)]

consubstantiation /ˌkɒnsəbstænʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n. Theol. (the doctrine of) the real substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ together with the bread and wine in the Eucharist 【神】圣体同质，同体论(即耶稣的圣体、圣血与圣餐面包和酒同在的理论) [modern Latin consubstantiatio, suggested by transubstantiatio TRANSUBSTANTIATION]

consuetude /ˈkɒnswitju:d/ n.  a custom, esp. one having legal force in Scotland (尤指苏格兰具有法律效力的)习俗 □ consuetudinary  /-ˈtju:din(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French consuetude or Latin consuetudo -dinis from consuetus ‘accustomed’]

consul /ˈkɒns(ə)l/ n.  1  an official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city and protect the state's citizens and interests there (一国派驻外国某一城市的)领事 2 hist.  either of two annually elected chief magistrates in ancient Rome [史义] (古罗马每年选举产生的)二执政官之一 3  any of the three chief magistrates of the French republic (1799 － 1804) (1799 至 1804 年法国的)三执政官之一 □ consular  /ˈkɒnsjʊlə/ adj.  领事级的；领事职权的□ consulship  n.  领事职权；领事任期 [Middle English from Latin, related to consulere ‘take counsel’]

consulate /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/ n.  1  the building officially used by a consul 领事馆，领事官邸 2  the office, position, or period of office of consul 领事职权，领事职位；领事任期 3 hist.  government by consuls [史义]执政官政府 4 hist.  the period of office of a consul [史义]执政官任期 5 (作 Consulate) hist.  the government of France by three consuls (1799 － 1804) [史义]法国三执政政府 (1799 至 1804 年) [Middle English from Latin consulatus (as CONSUL)]

consult /kənˈsʌlt/ v.  1 tr.  seek information or advice from (a person, book, watch, etc.) 请教(某人)；查阅(书籍)；查看(钟表) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  refer to a person for advice, an opinion, etc. 向(某人)咨询，找(某人)商量 3 tr.  seek permission or approval from (a person) for a proposed action 请求准许(或批准) 4 tr.  take into account; consider (feelings, interests, etc.) 考虑；顾及(感情、利益等) □ consultative  /-tətiv/ adj.  咨询的，磋商的，顾问的 [French consulter from Latin consultare, frequentative of consulere consult- ‘take counsel’]

consultancy /kənˈsʌlt(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the professional practice or position of a consultant 顾问工作，顾问职位

consultant /kənˈsʌlt(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person providing professional advice etc., esp. for a fee (尤指收取服务费、提供专业咨询的)顾问 2 Brit.  a senior specialist in a branch of medicine responsible for patients in a hospital [英] (高级)会诊医师，顾问医师 [probably French (as CONSULT)]

consultation /kɒnsəlˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a meeting arranged to consult (esp. with a consultant) (尤指找顾问)请教，咨询 2  the act or an instance of consulting 咨询(或磋商)活动 3  a conference 讨论会，磋商会 [Middle English via Old French consultation or Latin consultatio from consultare (as CONSULT)]

consultee /kɒnsʌlˈti:/ n.  a person who is consulted 被咨询者

consulting /kənˈsʌltiŋ/ attrib. adj.  giving professional advice to others working in the same field or subject (同行业)专业咨询的  consulting physician  咨询医师

consumable /kənˈsju:məb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that can be consumed; intended for consumption 可消耗的；供消耗的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a commodity that is eventually used up, worn out, or eaten 消耗品，消费品

consume /kənˈsju:m/ v. tr.  1  eat or drink 吃，喝，消费 2  completely destroy; reduce to nothing or to tiny particles 消灭，毁灭  fire consumed the building  大火烧毁了那座楼房 3  engage the full attention of; engross; dominate 使全神贯注；使着迷；占首要地位 often in passive 常用被动 , foll. by 后跟 with or by: consumed with rage  怒不可遏 4  use up (time, energy, etc.) 消耗，花费，耗尽(时间、精力等) □ consumingly  adv.  消耗体力地，耗费精力地 [Middle English from Latin consumere (as COM-, sumere sumpt- ‘take up’): partly through French consumer]

consumer /kənˈsju:mə/ n.  1  a person who consumes, esp. one who uses a product 消费者(尤指使用某种产品者) 2  a purchaser of goods or services 顾客，用户，客户

consumer durable n.  a household product with a relatively long useful life (e.g. a radio or washing machine) 耐用消费品(如收音机或洗衣机)

consumer goods n. pl.  goods put to use by consumers, not used in producing other goods (opp. 反义 CAPITAL GOODS) 消费品，生活资料

consumerism /kənˈsju:məriz(ə)m/ n.  1  the protection or promotion of consumers' interests in relation to the producer 保护消费者权益运动 2 often derog.  a preoccupation with consumer goods and their acquisition [常贬]消费主义 □ consumerist  adj. & n.  

consumer research n.  investigation of purchasers' needs and opinions 消费研究(对消费者需求及意见的调查)

consumer society n.  a society in which the marketing of goods and services is an important social and economic activity 消费社会(指商品和服务的市场交易成为一种重要的社会和经济活动的社会)

consummate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈkɒnsəmeit, -sjʊ-/  1  complete; make perfect 完成；使完善，使圆满 2  complete (a marriage) by sexual intercourse (初次同房而)完(婚) ●adj. /kənˈsʌmət, ˈkɒnsʌmət/  complete, perfect; fully skilled 完全的，完美的；技艺高超的  a consummate general  一位指挥有方的将军 □ consummately  adv.  □ consummator  /ˈkɒnsəmeitə/ n.   [Latin consummare (as COM-, summare ‘complete’ from summus ‘utmost’)]

consummation /kɒnsəˈmeiʃ(ə)n, -sjʊ-/ n.  1  completion, esp. of a marriage by sexual intercourse 完成；(尤指同房而)完婚 2  a desired end or goal; perfection 最终目标，完美结局 [Middle English from Old French consommation or Latin consummatio (as CONSUMMATE)]

consumption /kənˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of consuming; the process of being consumed 耗损，消耗；消耗的过程 2  any disease causing wasting of tissues, esp. pulmonary tuberculosis (造成身体耗损的)疾病(尤指肺结核) 3  an amount consumed 消耗量 4  the purchase and use of goods etc. 消费(即商品等的购买和使用) 5  use by a particular person or group (为特定人群所)使用，消费  a film unfit for children's consumption  不适合儿童观看的电影 [Middle English via Old French consomption from Latin consumptio (as CONSUME)]

consumptive /kənˈsʌm(p)tiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or tending to consumption 消费的；消耗(性)的 2  tending to or affected with pulmonary tuberculosis 感染肺结核的，可能患肺结核的 ●n.  a consumptive patient 肺结核患者 □ consumptively  adv.   [medieval Latin consumptivus (as CONSUMPTION)]

cont. abbr. [缩略]  1  contents  2  continued 

contact n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntækt/  1  the state or condition of touching, meeting, or communicating 接触；联系；交际，交往 2  a person who is or may be communicated with for information, supplies, assistance, etc. (情报、供应、援助等的)联络人，联系人 3 Electr. 【电】  a  a connection for the passage of a current 接点，触点b  a device for providing this 接头，接触器 4  a person likely to carry a contagious disease through being associated with an infected person (因与传染病患者接触而可能)携带传染病菌者 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a contact lens [口]接触式透镜；隐形眼镜 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒntækt, kənˈtækt/  1  get into communication with (a person) 与(某人)接触；与(某人)联系 2  begin correspondence or personal dealings with 开始通信；开始交往 □ contactable  adj.   [Latin contactus from contingere (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

contact lens n.  a small lens placed directly on the eyeball to correct the vision 接触式透镜；隐形眼镜

contact print n.  a photographic print made by placing a negative directly on sensitized paper etc. and illuminating it 接触式印相照片

contact sheet n.  a contact print showing several or all of the photographs on a film (印有 1 部影片中几个或全部镜头的)接触式印相照片

contact sport n.  a sport in which participants necessarily come into bodily contact with one another 接触性体育运动(如拳击，摔跤等)

contagion /kənˈteidʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the communication of disease from one person to another by bodily contact (疾病的)接触性传染b  a contagious disease 接触性传染病 2  a contagious or harmful influence 恶劣影响，有害影响 3  moral corruption, esp. when tending to be widespread (尤指趋于广泛蔓延的)道德腐败，歪风 [Middle English from Latin contagio (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

contagious /kənˈteidʒəs/ adj.  1  a (of a person) likely to transmit disease by contact (指人)可能传染疾病的b (of a disease) transmitted in this way (疾病)传染性的 2 (of emotions, reactions, etc.) likely to affect others (感情、反应等)感染性的；可能蔓延的  contagious enthusiasm  有感染力的热情 □ contagiously  adv.  □ contagiousness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin contagiosus (as CONTAGION)]

contagious abortion n.  brucellosis of cattle (牲畜)传染性流产

contain /kənˈtein/ v. tr.  1  hold or be capable of holding within itself; include, comprise 容纳，包含，包括 2 (of measures) consist of or be equal to (计量单位)相当于，折合  a gallon contains eight pints  1 加仑相当于 8 品脱 3  prevent (an enemy, difficulty, etc.) from moving or extending 阻止(敌人的前进)；防止(困难的蔓延) 4  control or restrain (oneself, one's feelings, etc.) 控制，抑制(感情)；克制(自我) 5 (of a number) be divisible by (a factor) without a remainder (数目)可除尽，可整除 □ containable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French contenir from Latin continēre content- (as COM-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

container /kənˈteinə/ n.  1  a vessel, box, etc., for holding particular things 容器(如盒、箱、罐等) 2  a large boxlike receptacle of standard design for the transport of goods, esp. one readily transferable from one form of transport to another 集装箱

container-grown adj. (of a plant) grown in a container rather than in the ground (植物)盆栽的

containerize /kənˈteinəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  pack in or transport by container 用集装箱载运 2  adapt to transport by container 适合用集装箱载运 □ containerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

container port n.  a port specializing in handling goods stored in containers 集装箱货港

container ship n.  a ship designed to carry goods stored in containers 集装箱船

containment /kənˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence (对敌对国家或影响的)遏制行动，遏制政策

contaminate /kənˈtæmineit/ v. tr.  1  pollute, esp. with radioactivity 污染(尤指放射性污染) 2  infect; corrupt 感染，侵染；腐蚀 □ contaminant  n.  □ contamination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ contaminator  n.   [Latin contaminare (as COM-, tamen- related to tangere ‘touch’)]

contango /kənˈtæŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. Stock Exch. [英]【股】  1  the postponement of the transfer of stock from one account day to the next 交易延期 2  a percentage paid by the buyer for such a postponement (由买主支付的)交易延期费，交易延期升水 [19th c.: probably an arbitrary formation, perhaps with the idea ‘I make contingent’: see CONTINGENT]

contango day n. Stock Exch.  the eighth day before settling day 【股】升水日(交割日前的第 8 天)

conte /kɒnt, 法 kɔ˜t/ n.  1  a short story (as a form of literary composition) (作为文学体裁之一的)短篇小说 2  a medieval narrative tale (中世纪)叙事故事 [French]

contemn /kənˈtem/ v. tr. literary  despise; treat with disregard [文学用语]蔑视，藐视；轻视 □ contemner  /-ˈtemə, -ˈtemnə/ n.   [Middle English from Old French contemner or Latin contemnere (as COM-, temnere tempt- ‘despise’)]

contemplate /ˈkɒntempleit, -təm-/ v.  1 tr.  survey with the eyes or in the mind 注视，凝视；思忖，思量 2 tr.  regard (an event) as possible 视…为可能 3 tr.  intend; have as one's purpose 打算，盘算  we contemplate leaving tomorrow  我们打算明天动身 4 intr.  meditate 沉思，苦思冥想 □ contemplation  /-ˈpleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ contemplator  n.   [Latin contemplari (as COM-, templum ‘place for observations’)]

contemplative /kənˈtemplətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or given to (esp. religious) contemplation; meditative (尤指宗教)敛心默祷的；沉思的 ●n.  a person whose life is devoted to religious contemplation 敛心默祷者 □ contemplatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French contemplatif -ive, or Latin contemplativus (as CONTEMPLATE)]

contemporaneous /kəntempəˈreiniəs, kɒn-/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  existing or occurring at the same time 同时存在的，同时出现的 2  of the same period 属同一时期的，同时代的 □ contemporaneity  /-ˈni:iti, -ˈneiiti/ n.  □ contemporaneously  adv.  □ contemporaneousness  n.   [Latin contemporaneus (as COM-, temporaneus from tempus -oris ‘time’)]

contemporary /kənˈtemp(ə)r(ər)i/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  living or occurring at the same time 生活于同时代的；发生在同时代的 2  approximately equal in age 年龄大致相同的 3  following modern ideas or fashion in style or design (风格或设计样式)现代的，当代的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person or thing living or existing at the same time as another 同时代的人；同时存在的事物 2  a person of roughly the same age as another 同龄人，年龄大致相同者 □ contemporarily  adv.  □ contemporariness  n.   [medieval Latin contemporarius (as CONTEMPORANEOUS)]

contempt /kənˈtem(p)t/ n.  1  a feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn or extreme reproach 轻视，蔑视 2  the condition of being held in contempt 屈辱，耻辱 3 (in full 全称 contempt of court)  disobedience to or disrespect for a court of law and its officers 藐视法庭 □ beneath contempt   utterly despicable 不齿，不屑一顾□ hold in contempt   despise 轻视，认为…不屑一顾 [Middle English from Latin contemptus, from contemnere CONTEMN]

contemptible /kənˈtem(p)tib(ə)l/ adj.  deserving contempt; despicable 卑鄙的，可鄙的；不屑一顾的 □ contemptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ contemptibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French or Late Latin contemptibilis. from Latin contemnere CONTEMN]

contemptuous /kənˈtem(p)tjʊəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  showing contempt, scornful; insolent 表示轻蔑的，鄙视的；傲慢无礼的 □ contemptuously  adv.  □ contemptuousness  n.   [medieval Latin contemptuosus from Latin contemptus from contemnere CONTEMN]

contend /kənˈtend/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  strive, fight 搏斗，争斗 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, with)  compete 竞争，争夺  contending for the title  争夺该项头衔 contending emotions  相互冲突的感情 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  assert, maintain 断言，主张 □ contender  n. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)   [Old French contendre or Latin contendere (as COM-, tendere tent- ‘stretch, strive’)]

content1 /kənˈtent/ adj., v. & n. ●predic. adj.  1  satisfied; adequately happy; in agreement 满意的，满足的；同意的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  willing 甘愿的，乐意的 ●v. tr.  make content; satisfy 使满意，使满足 ●n.  a contented state; satisfaction 满足，满意 □ to one's heart's content   to the full extent of one's desires 尽情地；心满意足地 [Middle English via Old French from Latin contentus ‘satisfied’, past part. of continēre (as CONTAIN)]

content2 /ˈkɒntent/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  what is contained in something, esp. in a vessel, book, or house (容器或房子)所容纳的东西，所含之物；(书籍的)内容 2  the amount of a constituent contained 含量  low sodium content  钠含量低 3  the substance or material dealt with (in a speech, work of art, etc.) as distinct from its form or style (演讲、艺术作品等与其形式或风格相对的)实质内容，要旨，意义 4  the capacity or volume of a thing 容量，容积，体积 5 (in pl. 用复数 ; in full 全称 table of contents)  a list of the titles of chapters etc. given at the front of a book, periodical, etc. (书籍、期刊等的)目录 [Middle English from medieval Latin contentum (as CONTAIN)]

contented /kənˈtentid/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, or to + infin.)  1  happy, satisfied 高兴的，满意的，满足的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  willing to be content 甘愿的，乐意的  was contented with the outcome  对结果心满意足 □ contentedly  adv.  □ contentedness  n.  

contention /kənˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a dispute or argument; rivalry 争辩，争论；竞争，对抗 2  a point contended for in an argument (辩论中的)争论点  it is my contention that you are wrong  我的论点是你错了 □ in contention   competing, esp. with a good chance of success (尤指很有希望获胜的)竞争 [Middle English from Old French contention or Latin contentio (as CONTEND)]

contentious /kənˈtenʃəs/ adj.  1  argumentative, quarrelsome 爱争论的，好争吵的 2  likely to cause an argument; disputed, controversial 可能引起争论的；有争执的，有争议的 □ contentiously  adv.  □ contentiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French contentieux from Latin contentiosus (as CONTENTION)]

contentment /kənˈtentm(ə)nt/ n.  a satisfied state; tranquil happiness 满意，心满意足

conterminous /kɒnˈtɜ:minəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  having a common boundary 有共同边界的，邻接的 2  coextensive in space, time, or meaning 有共同空间(或时间)范围的；(含义)同样广泛的 □ conterminously  adv.   [Latin conterminus (as COM-, terminus ‘boundary’)]

contessa /kɒnˈtesə/ n.  an Italian countess (意大利)女伯爵；伯爵夫人 [Italian from Late Latin comitissa: see COUNTESS]

contest n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntest/  1  a process of contending; a competition 竞赛，比赛；竞争，争夺 2  a dispute; a controversy 争论，争辩；辩论 ●v. tr. /kənˈtest/  1  challenge or dispute (a decision etc.) 对(决定等)提出质疑 2  debate (a point, statement, etc.) (就观点、陈述等)辩论，辩驳 3  contend or compete for (a prize, parliamentary seat, etc.); compete in (an election) 竞争，争夺(奖品、议会席位等)；竞选 □ contestable  /kənˈtestəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ contester  /kənˈtestə/ n.   [earlier = bear witness, from Latin contestari (as COM-, testis ‘witness’)]

contestant /kənˈtest(ə)nt/ n.  a person who takes part in a contest or competition 竞赛者，参赛者

contestation /kɒnteˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a disputation 争论，争执 2  an assertion contended for (争论中提出的)论点 [Latin contestatio, partly through French (as CONTEST)]

context /ˈkɒntekst/ n.  1  the parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarify its meaning (文章或演讲等的)上下文，语境 2  the circumstances relevant to something under consideration (考虑中的事物的)来龙去脉，背景，环境 □ in context   with the surrounding words or circumstances 在上下文中；连贯起来  must be seen in context  必须连贯起来看□ out of context   without the surrounding words or circumstances and so not fully understandable 脱离上下文，断章取义□ contextual  /kənˈtekstjʊəl/ adj.  □ contextually  /kənˈtekstjʊəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin contextus (as COM-, texere text- ‘weave’)]

contextualism /kənˈtekstjʊəlis(ə)m/ n. Philos.  any doctrine which emphasizes the importance of the context of enquiry in a particular question 【哲】上下文主义，背景主义(指在某个特定问题的探究中强调上下文或背景重要性的学说) □ contextualist  n.  

contextualize /kənˈtekstjʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  place in a context; study in context 置于上下文中；放在上下文中研究 □ contextualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

contiguity /kɒntiˈɡju:iti/ n.  1  being contiguous; proximity; contact 相邻，邻近；共边；接触 2 Psychol.  the proximity of ideas or impressions in place or time, as a principle of association 【心】(观点或印象在顺序或时间上的)接近

contiguous /kənˈtiɡjʊəs/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to)  touching, esp. along a line; in contact 共边的；互相接触的 2  neighbouring; connected 相邻的，毗邻的；相连接的 □ contiguously  adv.   [Latin contiguus (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

continent1 /ˈkɒntinənt/ n.  1  any of the main continuous expanses of land (Europe, Asia, Africa, N. and S. America, Australia, Antarctica) 洲，大洲(指欧洲、亚洲、非洲、南美洲、北美洲、大洋洲和南极洲) 2 (作 the Continent)  the mainland of Europe as distinct from the British Isles (除不列颠群岛外的)欧洲大陆 3  continuous land; a mainland (区别于岛屿或半岛的)大陆 [Latin terra continens ‘continuous land’]

continent2 /ˈkɒntinənt/ adj.  1  able to control movements of the bowels and bladder 大小便正常的 2  exercising self-restraint, esp. sexually 自制的，节制的(尤指节制性欲的) □ continence  n.  □ continently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin (as CONTAIN)]

continental /kɒntiˈnent(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of a continent 大洲的；大陆(性)的 2 (作 Continental)  of, relating to, or characteristic of mainland Europe 欧洲大陆(性)的 ●n.  an inhabitant of mainland Europe 欧洲大陆人 □ continentally  adv.  

continental breakfast n.  a light breakfast of coffee, rolls, etc. (以咖啡和面包卷等为主的)欧洲大陆式早餐；清淡早餐

continental climate n.  a climate having wide variations of temperature 大陆性气候

continental day n. Brit.  a school day lasting from early morning to early afternoon [英] (从清晨到下午的)学校上课日

continental drift n.  the hypothesis that the continents are moving slowly over the surface of the earth on a deep-lying plastic substratum 大陆漂移假说

continental quilt n. Brit.  a duvet [英]羽绒被

continental shelf n.  an area of relatively shallow seabed between the shore of a continent and the deeper ocean 大陆架

contingency /kənˈtindʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a future event or circumstance regarded as likely to occur, or as influencing present action 可能发生的事，不测事件 2  something dependent on another uncertain event or occurrence 未知情况引发的事件；附带情况 3  uncertainty of occurrence 偶然，难以预料 4  a  one thing incident to another 伴随而来的事b  an incidental expense etc. 附带开支 [earlier contingence from Late Latin contingentia (as CONTINGENT)]

contingency fund n.  a fund to cover incidental or unforeseen expenses 应急基金，应急拨款

contingency plan n.  a plan designed to take account of a possible future event or circumstance 应急计划，应变计划

contingent /kənˈtindʒ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  conditional, dependent (on an uncertain event or circumstance) 依条件而定的；取决于(未知事件或情况)的 2  associated 相关的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  incidental 意外的，偶然的 4  a  that may or may not occur 可能(或不可能)发生的；不可预料的b  fortuitous; occurring by chance 偶然的；偶然发生的 5  true only under existing or specified conditions 依现有(或特定)条件而定的 ●n.  a body forming part of a larger group 小分队，分遣队，代表团 □ contingently  adv.   [Latin contingere (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

continual /kənˈtinjʊəl/ adj.  constantly or frequently recurring; always happening 多次重复的，频繁的；不断的  subjected to continual interruptions  频频受到打扰 □ continually  adv.   [Middle English from Old French continuel, from continuer (as CONTINUE)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference in meaning between continual and continuous. Continual means ‘happening frequently (but with breaks in between each occurrence)’, while continuous means ‘uninterrupted, incessant’. 注意 continual 和 continuous 之间含义上的区别。 continual 表示“频繁发生”(但在每次发生或出现之间有间隔)，而 continuous 则表示“不间断的，连续不断的”。 

continuance /kənˈtinjʊəns/ n.  1  a state of continuing in existence or operation 继续(存在)，延续；持续(运转) 2  the duration of an event or action (事件或行为的)持续时间 3 US Law  a postponement or an adjournment [美]【法律】(诉讼)延期审理 [Middle English from Old French (as CONTINUE)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between continuance and continuation. Continuance relates mainly to the intransitive senses of continue ‘to be still in existence’, while continuation relates to its transitive senses ‘to keep up, resume’, e.g. the Prime Minister's continuance in office; our continuation of the project. 注意 continuance 和 continuation 之间含义上的区别。 continuance 主要与动词 continue 的不及物意义相关，即“仍然存在”，如 the Prime Minister's continuance in office (首相的连任)；而 continuation 则与其及物意义相关，即“坚持做，(停顿后)再继续”，如 our continuation of the project (我们继续进行该工程的施工)。 

continuant /kənˈtinjʊənt/ n. & adj. Phonet. 【语音】  ●n.  a speech sound in which the vocal tract is only partly closed, allowing the breath to pass through and the sound to be prolonged 擦音，持续音，延续音  as with 例如 f  、 r  、 s  、 v  等 ●adj.  of or relating to such a sound 擦音的，持续音的，延续音的 [French continuant and Latin continuare (as CONTINUE)]

continuation /kəntinjʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of continuing; the process of being continued 继续，持续，延续 2  a part that continues something else 续篇，补编，附加部分 3 Brit. Stock Exch.  the carrying over of an account to the next settling day [英]【股】交易延期(至下一个升水日) [Middle English via Old French from Latin continuatio-onis (as CONTINUE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONTINUANCE. 见 CONTINUANCE 词条的用法说明。 

continuation day n.  = CONTANGO DAY 

continuative /kənˈtinjʊətiv/ adj.  tending or serving to continue 继续的，连续的，持续的 [Late Latin continuativus (as CONTINUATION)]

continue /kənˈtinju:/ v. (continues, continued, continuing)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 verbal noun, or to + infin.)  persist in, maintain, not stop (an action etc.) 坚持不懈，坚持；(行动等)继续不断 2  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  resume or prolong (a narrative, journey, etc.) 继续(讲述)；延长(旅行)b intr.  recommence after a pause (停顿后)重新开始，继续  the concert will continue shortly  音乐会很快将继续进行 3 tr.  be a sequel to 上接，下转，待续 4 intr.  a  remain in existence or unchanged 继续存在；维持原状b (with 带 compl.)  remain in a specified state 保持(特定)状态  the weather continued fine  天气继续晴朗 5 tr. US Law  postpone or adjourn (proceedings) [美]【法律】延期诉讼 □ continuable  adj.  □ continuer  n.   [Middle English via Old French continuer from Latin continuare ‘make or be CONTINUOUS’]

continuing education n.  education for adults consisting esp. of short or part-time courses (成人)继续教育(尤指短期或业余课程)

continuity /kɒntiˈnju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the state of being continuous 继续，持续，连续b  an unbroken succession 一系列，连贯的整体c  a logical sequence 逻辑序列 2  the detailed and self-consistent scenario of a film or broadcast (电影的)分镜头剧本；(广播节目的)串联词 3  the linking of broadcast items (广播的)节目串联 [French continuité from Latin continuitas -tatis (as CONTINUOUS)]

continuity girl n. (also 亦作 continuity man)  the person responsible for agreement of detail between different sessions of filming 场记小姐，女场记员

continuo /kənˈtinjʊəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  an accompaniment providing a bass line and harmonies which are indicated by figures, often played on a keyboard instrument 【音】(键盘乐器的)数字低音 [shortened from basso continuo (Italian, = continuous bass)]

continuous /kənˈtinjʊəs/ adj.  1  unbroken, uninterrupted, connected throughout in space or time 连绵的，不间断的；(在空间或时间上)连续不断的  continuous rain  连绵的雨 2 Gram. 【语法】  = PROGRESSIVEadj. 7  □ continuously  adv.  □ continuousness  n.   [Latin continuus ‘uninterrupted’ from continēre (as COM-, tenēre ‘hold’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONTINUAL. 见 CONTINUAL 的用法说明。 

continuous assessment n. Brit.  the evaluation of a pupil's progress throughout a course of study, as well as or instead of by examination [英]连续性评定(对学生在整个学习过程中所取得进步的评价，与考试相结合或取代考试)

continuous creation n.  the creation of the universe or the matter in it regarded as a continuous process 连续创生论，物质不断创生论(一种认为宇宙及其万物的创造是一个持续渐进过程的观点)

continuous stationery n. Brit.  a continuous ream of paper, usu. perforated to form single sheets [英] (两侧有齿孔供打印用的)连续折叠纸

continuum /kənˈtinjʊəm/ n. (pl. continua /-jʊə/)  anything seen as having a continuous, not discrete, structure (结构不可分割的)连续体，统一体  space-time continuum  时空统一体 [Latin, neut. of continuus: see CONTINUOUS]

contort /kənˈtɔ:t/ v. tr.  twist or force out of normal shape 扭曲变形，歪曲 [Latin contorquēre contort- (as COM-, torquēre ‘twist’)]

contortion /kənˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of twisting 扭曲，歪曲 2  a twisted state, esp. of the face or body (尤指面部的)扭曲状态；(身体的)扭曲姿势 [Latin contortio (as CONTORT)]

contortionist /kənˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)nist/ n.  an entertainer who adopts contorted postures 柔体杂技演员

contour /ˈkɒntʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outline, esp. representing or bounding the shape or form of something (尤指表现事物结构特征的)外形，轮廓 2  the outline of a natural feature, e.g. a coast or mountain mass (海岸或山脉自然特征的)轮廓，轮廓线 3  a line separating differently coloured parts of a design (设计图样上不同色彩之间的)轮廓线 4  = CONTOUR LINE  ●v. tr.  1  mark with contour lines 勾画…的轮廓；标等高线 2  carry (a road or railway) round the side of a hill 盘绕山坡修筑(公路或铁路) [French from Italian contorno, from contornare ‘draw in outline’ (as COM-, tornare ‘turn’)]

contour feather n.  any of the feathers which form the outline of a bird's plumage 廓羽(即构成鸟的体形轮廓的羽毛)

contour line n.  a line on a map joining points of equal altitude (地图上的)等高线，轮廓线

contour map n.  a map marked with contour lines 等高线地图

contour ploughing n.  ploughing along lines of constant altitude to minimize soil erosion (减少土壤流失的)等高耕作

contra /ˈkɒntrə/ n. (pl. contras)  a member of a counter-revolutionary guerrilla force in Nicaragua (尼加拉瓜)反革命游击队队员 [abbreviation of Spanish contrarevolucionario ‘counter-revolutionary’]

contra- /ˈkɒntrə/ prefix  1  against, opposite (contradict 反驳；抵触) 相反，反对 2 Mus. (of instruments, organ stops, etc.) pitched an octave below (contrabassoon 倍低音管) 【音】(乐器、管风琴音栓等)低八度 [Latin contra ‘against’]

contraband /ˈkɒntrəbænd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  goods that have been smuggled, or imported or exported illegally 违禁品，走私货 2  prohibited trade; smuggling 非法交易；走私 3 (in full 全称 contraband of war)  goods forbidden to be supplied by neutrals to belligerents 战时禁运品(即禁止中立国运往交战国的物资) ●adj.  1  forbidden to be imported or exported (at all or without payment of duty) 禁运的；禁止进出口的 2  concerning traffic in contraband 违禁品运输的  contraband trade  违禁品贸易 □ contrabandist  n.   [Spanish contrabanda from Italian (as CONTRA-, bando ‘proclamation’)]

contrabass /ˈkɒntrəbeis/ n. Mus. 【音】  = DOUBLE BASS  [Italian (basso BASS1)]

contraception /kɒntrəˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  the intentional prevention of pregnancy; the use of contraceptives 避孕；(使用避孕药、器具)节育 [CONTRA- + CONCEPTION]

contraceptive /kɒntrəˈseptiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preventing pregnancy 避孕的，节育的 ●n.  a contraceptive device or drug 避孕器；避孕药

contract n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntrækt/  1  a written or spoken agreement between two or more parties, intended to be enforceable by law (书面或口头的)合同，协议 2  a document recording this 合同(或契约)文书 3  marriage regarded as a binding commitment 订婚，婚约 4 Bridge  etc. an undertaking to win the number of tricks bid 【桥牌】定约桥牌，定约墩数(即桥牌游戏中须赢得若干墩才算完成定约的约定) 5 slang  an arrangement for someone to be killed, usu. by a hired assassin [俚语] (与雇佣刺客达成的)暗杀协议 ●v. /kənˈtrækt/  1 tr. & intr.  a  make or become smaller (使)缩小b  draw together (muscles, the brow, etc.), or be drawn together (使眉毛)皱缩，(使肌肉)收缩 2  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  make a contract 订合同，订契约b intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  enter formally into a business or legal arrangement 正式立约规定；正式开始经商c tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  arrange (work) to be done by contract (工作)承包，承办d tr.  place under a contract (用合同来)限制，限定 3 tr.  catch or develop (a disease) 感染(疾病) 4 tr.  form or develop (a friendship, habit, etc.) 结成(友好关系)；养成(习惯) 5 tr.  enter into (marriage) 订(婚) 6 tr.  incur (a debt etc.) 负(债等) 7 tr.  shorten (a word) by combination or elision 缩短，缩略(词语) □ contract  /ˈkɒn-/ in (or out) (also 亦作 refl.) Brit. choose to be involved in (or withdraw or remain out of) a scheme or commitment [英]订约加入(退出)…；订约(不)承担…义务□ contractive  adj.   [earlier as adj., = contracted: Old French, from Latin contractus (as COM-, trahere tract- ‘draw’)]

contractable /kənˈtræktəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a disease) that can be contracted (疾病)可感染的

contract bridge n.  the most common form of bridge, in which only tricks bid and won count towards the game 定约桥牌

contractible /kənˈtræktib(ə)l/ adj.  that can be shrunk or drawn together 可收缩的，会收缩的

contractile /kənˈtræktail/ adj.  capable of or producing contraction 有收缩力的，收缩性的；造成收缩的 □ contractility  /kɒntrækˈtiliti/ n.  

contraction /kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of contracting 皱缩，缩小 2 (often in pl. 常用复数) Med.  a shortening of the uterine muscles occurring at intervals during childbirth 【医】(分娩时间歇性的)子宫肌肉收缩，挛缩 3  shrinking, diminution 收缩，缩减，减少 4  a  a shortening of a word by combination or elision (词语的)缩略，缩略形式b  a contracted word or group of words 缩略词，缩略语 [French from Latin contractio -onis (as CONTRACT)]

contractor /kənˈtræktə/ n.  a person who undertakes a contract, esp. to provide materials, conduct building operations, etc. (尤指提供物资或营造建筑的)承包商，承包人 [Late Latin (as CONTRACT)]

contractual /kənˈtræktʃʊəl/ adj.  of or in the nature of a contract 合同(性)的，契约(性)的 □ contractually  adv.  

contradict /kɒntrəˈdikt/ v. tr.  1  deny or express the opposite of (a statement) 否认，提出相反意见 2  deny or express the opposite of a statement made by (a person) 反驳，驳斥(某人) 3  be in opposition to or in conflict with 与…发生矛盾；与…抵触  new evidence contradicted our theory  新的证据与我们的理论相悖 □ contradictor  n.   [Latin contradicere contradict- (as CONTRA-, dicere ‘say’)]

contradiction /kɒntrəˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  statement of the opposite; denial 反驳；否认b  an instance of this 否认(或反驳)的实例 2  inconsistency 矛盾(性)，对立(性)；不一致(性) □ contradiction in terms   a self-contradictory statement or group of words 措辞自相矛盾的说法 [Middle English via Old French from Latin contradictio-onis (as CONTRADICT)]

contradictory /kɒntrəˈdikt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  expressing a denial or opposite statement 反驳的，提出反对意见的 2 (of statements etc.) mutually opposed or inconsistent (说法等)相互矛盾的，相互对立的 3 (of a person) inclined to contradict (指人)好反驳的，爱争辩的 4 Logic (of two propositions) so related that one and only one must be true 【逻辑学】矛盾命题的(指两个命题相矛盾，其中只能有一个是正确的) □ contradictorily  adv.  □ contradictoriness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin contradictorius (as CONTRADICT)]

contradistinction /kɒntrədiˈstiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  a distinction made by contrasting 对比；对照之区别

contradistinguish /kɒntrədiˈstiŋɡwiʃ/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  distinguish two things by contrasting them 通过对比来区别(两事物)

contraflow /ˈkɒntrəfləʊ/ n. Brit.  a flow (esp. of road traffic) alongside, and in a direction opposite to, an established or usual flow, esp. as a temporary or emergency arrangement [英]逆道行驶(尤指公路上暂时的或因紧急情况而采取的措施)

contrail /ˈkɒntreil/ n.  a condensation trail, esp. from an aircraft (尤指飞机飞行时留下的云带状)凝结尾迹 [abbreviation]

contraindicate /kɒntrəˈindikeit/ v. tr. Med.  act as an indication against (the use of a particular substance or treatment) 【医】禁忌(某种药物或疗法) □ contraindication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

contralto /kənˈtræltəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  the lowest female singing voice 女低音b  a singer with this voice 女低音歌手 2  a part written for contralto (歌剧中的)女低音角色 [Italian (as CONTRA-, ALTO)]

contraposition /kɒntrəpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  opposition or contrast 针对，对立，对照 2 Logic  conversion of a proposition from all A is B to all not-B is not-A 【逻辑学】(将命题 All A is B 转换成 All not-B is not-A 的)换质位法 □ contrapositive  /-ˈpɒzitiv/ adj. & n.   [Late Latin contrapositio (as CONTRA-, ponere posit- ‘place’)]

contraption /kənˈtræpʃ(ə)n/ n. often derog. or joc.  a machine or device, esp. a strange or cumbersome one [常贬] [诙] (尤指新奇或复杂的)机械，装置 [19th c.: perhaps from CONTRIVE, INVENTION: associated with TRAP1]

contrapuntal /kɒntrəˈpʌnt(ə)l/ adj. Mus.  of or in counterpoint 【音】对位法的，对位声部的；复调音乐的 □ contrapuntally  adv.  □ contrapuntist  n.   [Italian contrappunto ‘counterpoint’]

contrariety /kɒntrəˈraiəti/ n.  1  opposition in nature, quality, or action 对立性，对立因素；对立行动 2  disagreement, inconsistency 矛盾的事物，相反的事物 [Middle English via Old French contrarieté from Late Latin contrarietas -tatis, from contrarius (as CONTRARY)]

contrariwise /kənˈtrɛəriwaiz, ˈkɒntrəriwaiz/ adv.  1  on the other hand 另一方面 2  in the opposite way 相反地 3  perversely 故意作对地 [Middle English from CONTRARY + -WISE]

contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  opposed in nature or tendency (性质或倾向)相反的，对抗的 2 /kənˈtrɛəri/ colloq.  perverse, self-willed [口]好与人作对的；任性的，执拗的 3 (of a wind) unfavourable, impeding (风)逆向的，阻碍的 4  mutually opposed 彼此对立的 5  opposite in position or direction (位置)相对的；(方向)相反的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (prec. by 前接 the)  the opposite 反面，对立面 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to)  in opposition or contrast 相反地；对抗地  contrary to expectations it rained  事与愿违，天下起雨来了 □ on the contrary   intensifying a denial of what has just been implied or stated 正相反□ to the contrary   to the opposite effect 相反的(地)  can find no indication to the contrary  找不到任何相反的迹象□ contrarily  /ˈkɒntrərili/ (/kənˈtrɛərili/ in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2) adv.  □ contrariness  /ˈkɒntrərinis/ (/kənˈtrɛərinis/ in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2) n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French contrarie, Old French contraire, from Latin contrarius, from contra ‘against’]

contrast n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntrɑ:st/  1  a  a juxtaposition or comparison showing striking differences 对比，对照b  a difference so revealed (对比找出的)差别 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a thing or person having qualities noticeably different from another 形成对照的人(或物) 3  a  the degree of difference between tones in a television picture or a photograph (电视画面或照片的)色调对比，反差b  the change of apparent brightness or colour of an object caused by the juxtaposition of other objects 衬度 ●v. /kənˈtrɑ:st/ (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1 tr.  distinguish or set together so as to reveal a contrast 使对比，使对照 2 intr.  have or show a contrast 形成对照 □ contrastingly  /kənˈtrɑ:stiŋli/ adv.  □ contrastive  /kənˈtrɑ:stiv/ adj.   [French contraste, contraster, via Italian contrasto from medieval Latin contrastare (as CONTRA-, stare ‘stand’)]

contrasty /ˈkɒntrɑ:sti/ adj. (of a photograph, television picture, etc.) showing a high degree of contrast (照片、电视画面等)高衬比的，强反差的

contra-suggestible /kɒntrəsəˈdʒestib(ə)l/ adj. Psychol.  tending to respond to a suggestion by believing or doing the contrary 【心】反暗示的，抗暗示的(即对暗示的反应是相信其反面或反其道而行之)

contrate wheel /ˈkɒntreit/ n.  = CROWN WHEEL  [medieval Latin & Romanic contrata ‘lying opposite’, from Latin contra ‘against’]

contravene /kɒntrəˈvi:n/ v. tr.  1  infringe (a law or code of conduct) 违犯(法律)，违背(行为准则) 2 (of things) conflict with (事物)相抵触 □ contravener  n.   [Late Latin contravenire (as CONTRA-, venire vent- ‘come’)]

contravention /kɒntrəˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  infringement 违犯，违背；抵触 2  an instance of this 违法行为 □ in contravention of   infringing, violating (a law etc.) 与(法律等)相违背；在违犯(法律等)的情况下 [French from medieval Latin contraventio (as CONTRAVENE)]

contretemps /ˈkɒntrətɒ˜/ n. (pl. same /-tɑ˜z/ 单复同)  1  an awkward or unfortunate occurrence; an unexpected mishap 窘迫的事情；不幸事件； (始料不及的)灾祸 2 colloq.  a dispute or disagreement [口]争议，争执 [French, originally = ‘motion out of time’ (as CONTRA-, temps ‘time’)]

contribute /kənˈtribju:t, ˈkɒntribju:t/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1 tr.  give (money, an idea, help, etc.) towards a common purpose 捐献，捐助；出主意  contributed £ 5 to the fund  为基金捐款 5 英镑 2 intr.  help to bring about a result etc. 做出贡献，出一份力，起一份作用  contributed to their downfall  是他们垮台的部分原因 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  supply (an article etc.) for publication with others in a journal etc. 投(稿)；撰(稿) □ contributive  /kənˈtrib-/ adj.   [Latin contribuere contribut (as COM-, tribuere ‘bestow’)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation of contribute given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为 contribute 词条标注的第二种读音(即重音落在第一个音节上面)是不正确的。 

contribution /kɒntriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of contributing 贡献；捐献；捐助 2  something contributed, esp. money 捐献物(尤指捐款) 3  an article etc. contributed to a publication (投给报刊的)稿件，文稿 [Middle English from Old French contribution or Late Latin contributio (as CONTRIBUTE)]

contributor /kənˈtribjʊtə/ n.  a person who contributes (esp. an article or literary work) 捐献者，捐款者；(尤指)投稿者，撰稿者

contributory /kənˈtribjʊt(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that contributes 贡献的，捐助的；促成的 2  operated by means of contributions 靠捐助支付的  contributory pension scheme  支付性养老金制度 ●n. Brit. Law  a person liable to contribute towards the payment of a wound-up company's debts [英]【法律】(企业倒闭时)负连带偿还责任的人 [medieval Latin contributorius (as CONTRIBUTE)]

contributory negligence n.  negligence on the part of the injured party through failure to take precautions against an accident (事故中受伤一方因自己疏忽而造成的)共同过失

con-trick n. slang [俚语]  = CONFIDENCE TRICK  [abbreviation]

contrite /ˈkɒntrait/ adj.  1  completely penitent 彻底悔过的，悔罪的 2  feeling remorse or penitence; affected by guilt 悔悟的；被罪过所震动的 3 (of an action) showing a contrite spirit (行动)表示悔罪的 □ contritely  adv.  □ contriteness  n.   [Middle English via Old French contrit from Latin contritus ‘bruised’ (as COM-, terere trit- ‘rub’)]

contrition /kənˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  the state of being contrite; thorough penitence 悔罪；抱愧；痛悔 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin contritio -onis (as CONTRITE)]

contrivance /kənˈtraiv(ə)ns/ n.  1  something contrived, esp. a mechanical device or a plan 发明物(尤指机械装置或设计方案) 2  an act of contriving, esp. deceitfully 欺诈行为 3  inventive capacity 发明才能，设计才能

contrive /kənˈtraiv/ v. tr.  1  devise; plan or make resourcefully or with skill 发明，设计；构想出，造出 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  manage 设法做到  contrived to make matters worse  设法使事情更糟糕 □ contrivable  adj.  □ contriver  n.   [Middle English via Old French controver ‘find, imagine’ from medieval Latin contropare ‘compare’]

contrived /kənˈtraivd/ adj.  planned so carefully as to seem unnatural; artificial, forced 不自然的；人为的，做作的  the plot seemed contrived  该情节似乎是杜撰的

control /kənˈtrəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the power of directing, command 指挥(权)；控制(权)；管理(权)  under the control of  在…控制之下 2  the power of restraining, esp. self-restraint 抑制力，克制力(尤指自我克制能力) 3  a means of restraint; a check 抑制手段，克制手段 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a means of regulating prices etc. (物价等的)调节手段 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  switches and other devices by which a machine, esp. an aircraft or vehicle, is controlled (尤指飞机或车辆的)控制装置，操纵装置；控制器，操纵器 also 亦作 attrib.: control panel  控制盘 control room  控制室 6  a  a place where something is controlled or verified 指挥部；检查站b  a person or group that controls something 指挥者；指挥小组 7  a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment (调查或实验的)对照物 also 亦作 attrib.: control sample  对照样品 8  a member of an intelligence organization who personally directs the activities of a spy (情报机构的)监督人员 ●v. tr. (controlled, controlling)  1  have control or command of; dominate 指挥；操纵；支配 2  exert control over; regulate 控制；管理；调节 3  hold in check; restrain 制约；抑制；克制  told him to control himself  告诉他要克制自己 4  serve as control to 用于控制… 5  check, verify 检查，检验；核实 □ in control  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  directing an activity 掌管，控制□ out of control   no longer subject to proper direction or restraint 不受约束，失去控制□ under control   being controlled; in order 被控制住；处于控制之下□ controllable  adj.  □ controllability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ controllably  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French contreroller ‘keep a copy of a roll of accounts’ from medieval Latin contrarotulare (as CONTRA-, rotulus ROLL n.): the noun perhaps from French contrôle]

control group n.  a group forming the standard of comparison in an experiment (用作对照实验比较标准的)对照组

controller /kənˈtrəʊlə/ n.  1  a person or thing that controls 控制者；管理者；控制器 2  a person in charge of expenditure, esp. a steward or comptroller 审计员；管理员 □ controllership  n.   [Middle English counterroller from Anglo-French contrerollour (as CONTROL)]

controlling interest n.  a means of determining the policy of a business etc., esp. by ownership of a majority of the stock (尤指通过占有多数股份而享有的)控股权益

control rod n.  a rod of neutron-absorbing material used to vary the output power of a nuclear reactor (调节核反应堆能量输出的)控制棒

control tower n.  a tall building at an airport etc. from which air traffic is controlled (机场等的)指挥塔台，指挥调度台

controversial /kɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or subject to controversy; disputed, esp. publicly 引起争论的；有争议的 2  of or relating to controversy 争论的，辩论的 3  given to controversy; prone to argue 爱争论的 □ controversialism  n.  □ controversialist  n.  □ controversially  adv.   [Late Latin controversialis (as CONTROVERSY)]

controversy /ˈkɒntrəvɜ:si, kənˈtrɒvəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  disagreement on a matter of opinion (思想、观点方面的)争论；辩论 2  a prolonged argument or dispute, esp. when conducted publicly (尤指公开进行的)长期争论，长期争议 [Middle English from Latin controversia (as CONTROVERT)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation, stressed on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为本词条的第二个注音(即重音在第二个音节上面)是不正确的。 

controvert /ˈkɒntrəvɜ:t, kɒntrəˈvɜ:t/ v. tr.  1  dispute, deny 辩驳，反驳，驳斥 2  argue about; discuss 争论；讨论 □ controvertible  adj.   [French controvers(e) from Latin controversus (as CONTRA-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

contumacious /kɒntjʊˈmeiʃəs/ adj.  insubordinate; stubbornly or wilfully disobedient, esp. to a court order 拒不服从的；固执的；(尤指)藐视法庭的 □ contumaciously  adv.   [Latin contumax, perhaps related to tumēre ‘swell’]

contumacy /ˈkɒntjʊməsi/ n.  stubborn refusal to obey or comply 拒不服从；固执 [Latin contumacia from contumax: see CONTUMACIOUS]

contumelious /kɒntjʊˈmi:liəs/ adj.  reproachful, insulting, or insolent 指责的；侮辱的；傲慢无礼的 □ contumeliously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French contumelieus from Latin contumeliosus (as CONTUMELY)]

contumely /ˈkɒntju:mili, -tju:mli/ n.  1  insolent or reproachful language or treatment 侮辱性言辞；傲慢无礼的对待 2  disgrace 耻辱，丢脸 [Middle English via Old French contumelie from Latin contumelia (as COM-, tumēre ‘swell’)]

contuse /kənˈtju:z/ v. tr.  injure without breaking the skin; bruise 打伤(指皮肉没有破裂的内伤)；打青肿，使受淤伤 □ contusion  n.   [Latin contundere contus- (as COM-, tundere ‘thump’)]

Conté /ˈkɒntei/ attrib. adj.  designating a kind of pencil, crayon, or chalk 龚戴碳精笔的，龚戴色粉笔的 [N.J. Conté, French inventor d. 1805]

conundrum /kəˈnʌndrəm/ n.  1  a riddle, esp. one with a pun in its answer (尤指以双关妙语为答案的)谜语 2  a hard or puzzling question 疑难问题，复杂问题 [16th c.: origin unknown]

conurbation /kɒnɜ:ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  an extended urban area, esp. one consisting of several towns and merging suburbs (连带卫星城镇和郊区扩展成的)大都会，集合城市 [CON- + Latin urbs urbis ‘city’ + -ATION]

conure /ˈkɒnjʊə/ n.  any medium-sized parrot of the genus Pyrrhura, with mainly green plumage and a long gradated tail 锥尾鹦哥(羽毛呈绿色，尾巴的颜色分几种层次) [modern Latin conurus, from Greek kōnos ‘cone’ + oura ‘tail’]

convalesce /kɒnvəˈles/ v. intr.  recover one's health after illness or medical treatment (疾病或手术后)恢复，康复 [Middle English from Latin convalescere (as COM-, valēre ‘be well’)]

convalescent /kɒnvəˈles(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  recovering from an illness 恢复的，疗养的 ●n.  a convalescent person 恢复期的病人，疗养员 □ convalescence  n.  

convection /kənˈvekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  transference of heat in a gas or liquid by upward movement of the heated and less dense medium (气体或液体中热量的)传送，传导 2 Meteorol.  the transfer of heat by the upward flow of hot air or downward flow of cold air 【气】对流 □ convectional  adj.  对流的；对流引起的□ convective  adj.  对流的；有传导力的 [Late Latin convectio from Latin convehere convect- (as COM-, vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

convection current n.  circulation that results from convection 对流循环

convector /kənˈvektə/ n.  a heating appliance that circulates warm air by convection 对流加热器，换流器

convenance /ˈkɒnvənɑ:ns, 法 kɔ˜vnɑ˜s/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  conventional propriety 礼节，礼仪 [French from convenir ‘be fitting’ (as CONVENE)]

convene /kənˈvi:n/ v.  1 tr.  summon or arrange (a meeting etc.) 召集，组织(会议等) 2 intr.  assemble 聚集，集合；集会，开会 3 tr.  summon (a person) before a tribunal 传唤(某人)出庭受审 □ convenable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin convenire convent- ‘assemble, agree, fit’ (as COM-, venire ‘come’)]

convener /kənˈvi:nə/ n. (also 亦作 convenor)  1  a person who convenes a meeting (会议)召集人 2 Brit.  a senior trade union official at a workplace [英] (工作场所老资格的)工会官员

convenience /kənˈvi:niəns/ n.  1  the quality of being convenient; suitability 方便；合宜 2  freedom from difficulty or trouble; material advantage 舒适；便利；物质利益  for convenience  为了便利 3  an advantage 利益，好处  a great convenience  很大的好处 4  a useful thing, esp. an installation or piece of equipment 有用的东西；(尤指)便利设施，方便用具 5 Brit.  a lavatory, esp. a public one [英]厕所，(尤指)公共厕所 □ at one's convenience   at a time or place that suits one 在(某人)方便的时候(或场所)□ at one's earliest convenience   as soon as one can 在(某人)方便时尽早□ make a convenience of   take advantage of (a person) insensitively (不顾及对方感情地)利用某人 [Middle English from Latin convenientia (as CONVENE)]

convenience food n.  food, esp. complete meals, sold in convenient form and requiring very little preparation 方便食品

convenience store n.  a shop with extended opening hours, stocking a wide range of goods (经营品种繁多、延长营业时间的)方便小商店，便利店

convenient /kənˈvi:niənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to)  a  serving one's comfort or interests 舒适的，自在的b  suitable 适合的c  free of trouble or difficulty 便利的，方便的；简便的 2  available or occurring at a suitable time or place 在合适时间(或场所)出现的  will try to find a convenient moment  尽量找一个合适的时机 3  a  easily accessible 附近的，近便的b  well situated for some purpose 位置合适的  convenient for the shops  离商店很近便 □ conveniently  adv.   [Middle English (as CONVENE)]

convenor var.  of CONVENER  CONVENER 的变体

convent /ˈkɒnv(ə)nt/ n.  1  a religious (usu. Christian) community, esp. of nuns, under vows (通常基督教的)修道会(尤指女修道会，女隐修会) 2  the premises occupied by this 女隐修院，女修道院 3 (in full 全称 convent school)  a school attached to and run by a convent 女隐修会学校 [Middle English via Anglo-French covent, Old French convent from Latin conventus ‘assembly’ (as CONVENE)]

conventicle /kənˈventik(ə)l/ n. esp. hist. [尤史义]  1  a secret or unlawful religious meeting, esp. of dissenters 秘密宗教集会；(尤指不信奉国教者)非法宗教集会 2  a building used for this 秘密宗教集会场所 [Middle English from Latin conventiculum ‘(place of) assembly’, diminutive of conventus (as CONVENE)]

convention /kənˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  general agreement, esp. agreement on social behaviour etc. by implicit consent of the majority (尤指约定俗成的)社会行为准则b  a custom or customary practice, esp. an artificial or formal one (尤指拘泥刻板或正式的)社会习俗；惯例 2  a  a formal assembly or conference for a common purpose (为了某一共同目的的)正式会议b US  an assembly of the delegates of a political party to select candidates for office [美] (决定公职候选人提名的)政党代表大会c hist.  a meeting of Parliament without a summons from the sovereign [史义] (非君主召集的)议会会议 3  a  a formal agreement (正式的)契约，公约b  an agreement between states, esp. one less formal than a treaty (尤指不如条约正式的)国际协议 4 Cards  an accepted method of play (in leading, bidding, etc.) used to convey information to a partner 【牌戏】叫牌 5  the act of convening (会议的)召集 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conventio -onis (as CONVENE)]

conventional /kənˈvenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  depending on or according with convention 习惯的，常规的 2 (of a person) attentive to social conventions (指人)按社会习俗行事的 3  usual; of agreed significance 通常的；约定的 4  not spontaneous or sincere or original 勉强的；不真诚的；非独创的 5 (of weapons or power) non-nuclear (武器或动力)常规的，非核子的 6 Art  following tradition rather than nature 【艺术】因袭的，传统的 □ conventionalism  n.  □ conventionalist  n.  □ conventionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ conventionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ conventionally  adv.   [French conventionnel or Late Latin conventionalis (as CONVENTION)]

conventioneer /kənvenʃəˈniə/ n. US  a person attending a convention [美]与会者，大会代表

conventual /kənˈventʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or belonging to a convent 女修道院的；属于女修道院的 2  of the less strict branch of the Franciscans, living in large convents (天主教)方济各会的 ●n.  1  a member or inmate of a convent 修女，修士 2  a conventual Franciscan 方济各会会员 [Middle English from medieval Latin conventualis (as CONVENT)]

converge /kənˈvɜ:dʒ/ v. intr.  1  come together as if to meet or join 会合，集中 2 (of lines) tend to meet at a point (线条)趋于相交 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  approach from different directions 聚集，靠拢 4 Math. (of a series) approximate in the sum of its terms towards a definite limit 【数】(级数)收敛 [Late Latin convergere (as COM-, vergere ‘incline’)]

convergent /kənˈvɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  converging 会合的，会聚的 2 Biol. (of unrelated organisms) showing a tendency to become similar while evolving to fill a similar ecological niche 【生】(不相关的生物为适应相似的生态龛而进化)趋同的 3 Psychol. (of thought) tending to reach only the most rational result 【心】(思维)幅合的，聚合的，求同的 □ convergence  n.  □ convergency  n.  

conversant /kənˈvɜ:s(ə)nt/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 with)  well experienced or acquainted with a subject, person, etc. (对某个科目)熟悉的，精通的；(对某人)熟识的，关系密切的 □ conversance  n.  □ conversancy  n.   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of converser CONVERSE1]

conversation /kɒnvəˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the informal exchange of ideas, information, etc. by spoken words (非正式的)谈话，会谈，交谈 2  an instance of this (一次)谈话 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conversatio -onis (as CONVERSE1)]

conversational /kɒnvəˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or in conversation 谈话的，会话的 2  fond of or good at conversation 健谈的，善于辞令的 3  colloquial 口语的，适合于会话的 □ conversationally  adv.  

conversationalist /kɒnvəˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)list/ n.  a person who is good at or fond of conversing 健谈者，善于辞令者

conversation piece n.  1  a small genre painting of a group of figures 人物风俗画 2  a thing that serves as a topic of conversation because of its unusualness etc. 话题；(因不寻常等而)可作话题的事物

conversation stopper n. colloq.  an unexpected remark, esp. one that cannot readily be answered [口] (尤指无法迅速答复的)意外的评论

conversazione /ˌkɒnvəsatsiˈəʊni, 意 konversatˈtsjo:ne/ n. (pl. conversaziones or conversazioni pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a social gathering held by a learned or art society (科学或艺术团体举行的)学术座谈会 [Italian from Latin (as CONVERSATION)]

converse1 v. & n. ●v. intr. /kənˈvɜ:s/ (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  engage in conversation 交谈，谈心  conversed with him about various subjects  就许多话题与他进行了交谈 ●n. /ˈkɒnvɜ:s/ archaic  conversation [古义]谈话，交谈 □ converser  /kənˈvɜ:sə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French converser from Latin conversari ‘keep company (with)’, frequentative of convertere (CONVERT)]

converse2 /ˈkɒnvɜ:s/ adj. & n. ●adj.  opposite, contrary, reversed 相反的，逆的；对抗的；颠倒的 ●n.  1  something that is opposite or contrary 相反的事物，对抗的事物 2  a statement formed from another statement by the transposition of certain words, e.g. some philosophers are men from some men are philosophers 反面说法(如 some philosophers are men 是 some men are philosophers 的反面说法) 3 Math.  a theorem whose hypothesis and conclusion are the conclusion and hypothesis of another 【数】逆命题定理 □ conversely  /ˈkɒnvɜ:sli, kənˈvɜ:sli/ adv.   [Latin conversus, past part. of convertere (see CONVERT)]

conversion /kənˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of converting or the process of being converted, esp. in belief or religion 改变，转化；(尤指)改变信仰，归附，皈依 2  a  an adaptation of a building for new purposes (房屋的)改建b Brit.  a converted building [英]改建的房屋 3  transposition, inversion 换置；颠倒 4 Theol.  the turning of sinners to God 【神】(罪人悔改后)转意归主 5  the transformation of fertile into fissile material in a nuclear reactor 转换(指核反应堆中增殖性物质转换为可裂变物质) 6 Rugby & Amer. Football  the scoring of points by a successful kick at goal after scoring a try 【英式橄榄球】定位球得分后的附加得分；【美式橄榄球】(触地得分后的)附加得分 7 Psychol.  the change of an unconscious conflict into a physical disorder or disease 【心】转换(指内心冲突转换成身体机能紊乱或疾病) [Middle English via Old French from Latin conversio -onis (as CONVERT)]

convert v. & n. ●v. /kənˈvɜ:t/  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  change in form, character, or function 转变，改变(形状、特点或功能) 2 tr.  cause (a person) to change beliefs, opinion, party, etc. 使(某人)改变(信仰、观点、党派等) 3 tr.  change (moneys, stocks, units in which a quantity is expressed, etc.) into others of a different kind 兑换(货币、证券等)；折合，折算(单位等) 4 tr.  make structural alterations in (a building) to serve a new purpose 改建(建筑物等) 5  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Rugby  score extra points from (a try) by a successful kick at goal 【英式橄榄球】定位球得分后附加得分b intr. Amer. Football  make a conversion after a touchdown by kicking a goal or crossing the goal line 【美式橄榄球】触地得分后附加得分 6 intr.  be converted or convertible 被转变，被转化；可被改变  the sofa converts into a bed  这个沙发可改作床铺 7 tr. Logic  interchange the terms of (a proposition) 【逻辑学】使(命题中的项)换位 ●n. /ˈkɒnvɜ:t/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person who has been converted to a different belief, opinion, etc. 改变信仰者，归附者，皈依者 □ convert to one's own use   wrongfully make use of (another's property) 非法挪用(他人财产) [Middle English from Old French convertir, ultimately from Latin convertere convers- ‘turn about’ (as COM-, vertere ‘turn’)]

converter /kənˈvɜ:tə/ n. (also 亦作 convertor)  1  a person or thing that converts 转变的人(或物) 2 Electr. 【电】  a  an electrical apparatus for the interconversion of alternating current and direct current 变流器，整流器b Electronics  an apparatus for converting a signal from one frequency to another 【电子学】变频器 3  a reaction vessel used in making steel 转炉，吹风氧化炉

converter reactor n.  a nuclear reactor that converts fertile material into fissile material (将增殖性物质转换成裂变性物质的)转换反应堆

convertible /kənˈvɜ:tib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that may be converted 可转换的，可转化的，可改变的 2 (of currency etc.) that may be converted into other forms, esp. into gold or US dollars (货币等)可兑换的(尤指兑换成黄金或美元) 3 (of a car) having a folding or detachable roof (汽车)有折叠(或可拆卸)车篷的 4 (of terms) synonymous (词语)同义的，可互换的 ●n.  a car with a folding or detachable roof 折篷汽车 □ convertibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ convertibly  adv.   [Old French from Latin convertibilis (as CONVERT)]

convex /ˈkɒnveks/ adj.  having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a circle or sphere (cf. 参见 CONCAVE) 凸的，凸面的，凸圆的 □ convexity  /-ˈveksiti/ n.  □ convexly  adv.   [Latin convexus ‘vaulted, arched’]

convey /kənˈvei/ v. tr.  1  transport or carry (goods, passengers, etc.) 运送，载送，输送(货物、乘客等) 2  communicate (an idea, meaning, etc.) 表达，传达，转达(观点、含义等) 3 Law  transfer the title to (property) 【法律】转让(财产) 4  transmit (sound, smell, etc.) 传送，传导，传播(声音、气味等) □ conveyable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French conveier from medieval Latin conviare (as COM-, Latin via ‘way’)]

conveyance /kənˈveiəns/ n.  1  a  the act or process of carrying 运送，载送，输送b  the communication (of ideas etc.) (思想观点等的)表达，传递，转达c  transmission 传导，传播 2  a means of transport; a vehicle 运输工具，交通工具；车辆 3 Law 【法律】  a  the transfer of property from one owner to another 财产转让b  a document effecting this 财产转让证书 □ conveyancer  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)  □ conveyancing  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)  

conveyor /kənˈveiə/ n. (also 亦作 conveyer)  a person or thing that conveys 传达者，传播者；运输设备，传送装置

conveyor belt n.  an endless moving belt for conveying articles or materials, esp. in a factory 传送带

convict v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈvikt/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  prove to be guilty (of a crime etc.) 证明…有罪(犯罪等) 2  declare guilty by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge (陪审团或法官)宣判…有罪 ●n. /ˈkɒnvikt/  1  a person found guilty of a criminal offence 罪犯，已决犯 2  a person serving a prison sentence, esp. hist. in a penal colony 囚犯；[尤史义] (流放地)囚犯 [Middle English from Latin convincere convict- (as COM-, vincere ‘conquer’): noun from obsolete convict ‘convicted’]

conviction /kənˈvikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of proving or finding guilty 定罪；判罪b  an instance of this 定罪(或判罪)的实例  has two previous convictions  曾两次被判罪 2  a  the action or resulting state of being convinced 信服，确信b  a firm belief or opinion 深信，坚定的信仰c  an act of convincing 说服 [Latin convictio (as CONVICT)]

convince /kənˈvins/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  persuade (a person) to believe or realize 说服；使确信；使认识到 2 (as 作 convinced adj.)  firmly persuaded 确信的，信服的  a convinced pacifist  坚信和平主义的人 □ convincer  n.  □ convincible  adj.   [Latin (as CONVICT)]

convincing /kənˈvinsiŋ/ adj.  1  able to or such as to convince 有说服力的，令人信服的 2  leaving no margin of doubt; substantial ，不容怀疑的；实质性的  a convincing victory  实质性的胜利 □ convincingly  adv.  

convivial /kənˈviviəl/ adj.  1  fond of good company; sociable and lively 好交际的；快活的 2  festive 节日似的，欢宴的，欢乐的  a convivial atmosphere  欢乐的气氛 □ conviviality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ convivially  adv.   [Latin convivialis from convivium ‘feast’ (as COM-, vivere ‘live’)]

convocation /kɒnvəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of calling together 召集 2  a large formal gathering of people , esp. (尤指): (大型正式的)集会a Brit.  a provincial synod of the Anglican clergy of Canterbury or York [英] (英国国教会坎特伯雷或约克教区的)教会会议b Brit.  a legislative or deliberative assembly of a university [英] (大学的)校务评议会议 3 N. Amer.  a formal ceremony for the conferment of university awards [北美] (大学的)颁奖典礼 □ convocational  adj.   [Middle English from Latin convocatio (as CONVOKE)]

convoke /kənˈvəʊk/ v. tr. formal  call (people) together to a meeting etc.; summon to assemble [正式]召集(开会)；招呼(集合) [Latin convocare convocat- (as COM-, vocare ‘call’)]

convoluted /ˈkɒnvəl(j)u:tid/ adj.  1  coiled, twisted 盘绕的，卷曲的 2  complex, intricate 复杂的，错综复杂的 □ convolutedly  adv.   [past part. of convolute, from Latin convolutus, (as COM-, volvere volut- ‘roll’)]

convolution /kɒnvəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  coiling, twisting 盘绕，卷曲 2  a coil or twist 盘绕物，卷曲物 3  complexity 复杂性，错综性 4  a sinuous fold in the surface of the brain (大脑表层的)回，脑回 □ convolutional  adj.   [medieval Latin convolutio (as CONVOLUTED)]

convolve /kənˈvɒlv/ v. tr. & intr. (esp. as 尤作 convolved adj.)  roll together; coil up 使盘绕；使卷曲 [Latin convolvere (as CONVOLUTED)]

convolvulus /kənˈvɒlvjʊləs/ n. (pl. convolvuluses)  any twining plant of the genus Convolvulus, with trumpet-shaped flowers, e.g. bindweed 旋花(旋花属攀缘植物，开喇叭形花) [Latin, = bindweed (as CON-, volvulus from volvere ‘to roll’)]

convoy /ˈkɒnvɔi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a group of ships travelling together or under escort 护航舰队；同行船队；受护送的船队 2  a supply of provisions etc. under escort 受护运的供应品 3  a group of vehicles travelling on land together or under escort 同行车队，受护运的车队 4  the act of travelling or moving in a group or under escort 同行；护航，护运 ●v. tr.  1 (of a warship) escort (a merchant or passenger vessel) (军舰)为(商船或客轮)护航 2  escort, esp. with armed force (尤指用军队)护送，护航 □ in convoy   under escort with others; as a group (车辆等)由…护送；结队而行 [Old French convoyer, variant of conveier CONVEY]

convulsant /kənˈvʌls(ə)nt/ adj. & n. Pharm. 【药】  ●adj.  producing convulsions 引起惊厥的，引起痉挛的 ●n.  a drug that may produce convulsions 引厥药 [French from convulser (as CONVULSE)]

convulse /kənˈvʌls/ v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  affect with convulsions 使惊厥；使痉挛；使抽搐 2 colloq.  cause to laugh uncontrollably [口]使捧腹大笑 3  shake violently; agitate, disturb 使剧烈震动；使摇动；使骚动 [Latin convellere convuls- ‘pull violently, wrench’ (as COM-, vellere ‘pull’)]

convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  violent irregular motion of a limb or limbs or the body caused by involuntary contraction of muscles, esp. as a disorder of infants (尤指婴儿因肌肉无意识收缩造成的肢体)惊厥，抽搐 2  a violent natural disturbance, esp. an earthquake (自然的)剧烈震动(尤指地震) 3  violent social or political agitation (社会或政治)大骚乱，动乱 4 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  uncontrollable laughter [口]捧腹大笑 □ convulsionary  adj.   [French convulsion or Latin convulsio (as CONVULSE)]

convulsive /kənˈvʌlsiv/ adj.  1  characterized by or affected with convulsions 震动的；骚动的 2  producing convulsions 产生惊厥的；以惊厥为标志的 □ convulsively  adv.  

cony /ˈkəʊni/ n. (also 亦作 coney) (pl. -ies or -eys)  1  a Heraldry or dial.  a rabbit 【纹章学】[方]兔子b  its fur 兔毛皮 2 Bibl.  a hyrax 【圣经】沙番，蹄兔 [Middle English cunin(g) via Anglo-French coning, Old French conin, from Latin cuniculus]

coo /ku:/ n., v. & int. ●n.  a soft murmuring sound like that of a dove or pigeon (像鸽子咕咕声的)轻柔低语声 ●v. (coos, cooed)  1 intr.  make the sound of a coo 发咕咕声 2 intr. & tr.  talk or say in a soft or amorous voice 柔情地说，低声细语地说 ●int. Brit. slang  expressing surprise or incredulity [英] [俚语]唔，呣(表示惊讶、怀疑) [imitative]

co-occur /kəʊəˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  occur together or simultaneously 同时发生，一起出现 □ co-occurrence  /-ˈkʌr(ə)ns/ n.  

cooee /ˈku:i, -i:/ n., int. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n. & int.  a sound used to attract attention, esp. at a distance 库伊，咕伊(一种在远处招呼以引起注意的声音) ●v. intr. (cooees, cooeed, cooeeing)  make this sound 发库伊(咕伊)声 □ within cooee (or a cooee) of  Austral. & NZ colloq.  very near to [澳新口]在近处(即在招呼可听见的地方) [imitative of a signal used by Australian Aboriginals and copied by settlers]

cook /kʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  prepare (food) by heating it 烹调，做(饭菜) 2 intr. (of food) undergo cooking (食物)在烹调中，煮，烧 3 tr. colloq.  falsify (accounts etc.); alter to produce a desired result (esp. in 尤用于 cook the books 篡改书籍) [口]伪造(账目等)；篡改 4 tr. slang  ruin, spoil [俚语]毁坏，糟蹋 5 tr. & intr. US colloq.  do or proceed successfully [美口]干得起劲，成功地进行 6 intr. (as 作 be cooking) colloq.  be happening or about to happen [口]正在发生；即将发生  went to find out what was cooking  去看看正在发生什么事情 ●n.  a person who cooks, esp. professionally or in a specified way (尤指专业或专门)厨师，炊事员  a good cook  好厨师 □ cook a person's goose   ruin a person's chances 彻底摧毁某人的希望□ cook up  colloq.  invent or concoct (a story, excuse, etc.) [口]捏造，编造(谎话、借口等)□ cookable  adj. & n.   [Old English cōc, from popular Latin cocus for Latin coquus]

cookbook /ˈkʊkbʊk/ n.  a cookery book 烹饪书；食谱

cook-chill attrib. adj. Brit.  designating food which has been cooked and refrigerated by the manufacturer ready for reheating by the consumer [英] (熟食) (由生产厂家)冷冻的

cooker /ˈkʊkə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a stove used for cooking food [英]厨灶b (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  a container in which food is cooked 炊具，蒸煮用具  pressure cooker  压力锅 2 Brit. colloq.  a fruit etc. (esp. an apple) that is more suitable for cooking than for eating raw [英口]宜煮食的水果(尤指苹果)

cookery /ˈkʊk(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the art or practice of cooking 烹饪术，烹饪业 2 US  a place or establishment for cooking [美]烹调的地方，厨房

cookery book n. Brit.  a book containing recipes and other information about cooking [英]烹饪书，食谱

cookhouse /ˈkʊkhaʊs/ n.  1  a camp kitchen 野营厨房 2  an outdoor kitchen in warm countries (气候温暖国家的)户外厨房 3  a ship's galley 船上厨房

cookie /ˈkʊki/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a small sweet biscuit [北美]小甜饼干，曲奇饼 2 slang  a person of a specified kind [俚语]家伙，人  tough cookie  硬汉子 3 Sc.  a plain bun [苏格兰]普通小圆面包 □ the way the cookie crumbles  esp. N. Amer. colloq.  how things turn out; the unalterable state of affairs [尤北美口]事已定局；无可变更的状况 [Dutch koekje, diminutive of koek ‘cake’]

cooking /ˈkʊkiŋ/ n.  1  the art or process by which food is cooked 烹调术，烹调 2 (作 attrib.)  suitable for or used in cooking 适于煮食的，用于烹调的  cooking apple  宜煮食的苹果 cooking utensils  炊具

Cook Islands   库克群岛

cookout /ˈkʊkaʊt/ n. N. Amer.  a gathering with an open-air cooked meal; a barbecue [北美]野餐郊游；露天烧烤

cookware /ˈkʊkwɛə/ n.  utensils for cooking, esp. dishes, pans, etc. 烹饪用具，炊具(尤指碗碟和平底锅等)

cool /ku:l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of or at a fairly low temperature; fairly cold 凉的，凉快的，凉爽的  a cool day  凉爽天气 a cool bath  冷水澡 2  suggesting or achieving coolness 给人以凉爽感觉的  cool colours  冷色 cool clothes  冷色衣服 3  calm, unexcited 冷静的，沉着的，镇定的 4  lacking zeal or enthusiasm 漠不关心的，缺乏热情的 5  unfriendly; lacking cordiality 不友好的；冷淡的  got a cool reception  受到冷遇 6 (of jazz playing) restrained, relaxed (爵士乐演奏)节制感情的，放松的 7  calmly audacious 沉着而大胆的；无礼的  a cool customer  无礼的顾客 8 (prec. by 前接 a) colloq. (usu. as an intensive 通常作强调成分 ; esp. of large sums of money 尤指大笔的钱)  not less than; a full [口]不少于…的，整整的  cost me a cool thousand  花了我整整 1,000 块钱 9 slang [俚语]  a  excellent, marvellous 极好的，绝妙的b  fashionable; having street credibility 时髦的；有街头信誉的 ●n.  1  coolness 凉爽，凉快 2  cool air; a cool place 凉爽空气；凉快地方 3 slang  calmness, composure [俚语]冷静，镇定  keep one's cool  保持冷静 lose one's cool  失去自制而激动起来 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, off)  make or become cool 使冷却，使变凉 □ cool one's heels   see 见 HEEL1 □ cool it  slang  relax, calm down [俚语]放松一下；冷静下来，沉住气□ coolish  adj.  微冷的，有点凉意的□ coolly  /ˈku:lli/ adv.  □ coolness  n.   [Old English cōl, cōlian, from the Germanic base of COLD]

coolabah /ˈku:ləbɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 coolibah /-libɑ:/) Austral.  any of various gum trees, esp. Eucalyptus microtheca [澳]澳洲胶树(尤指桉树属植物) [Kamilaroi (and related languages) gulabaa]

coolant /ˈku:l(ə)nt/ n.  1  a cooling agent, esp. fluid, to remove heat from an engine, nuclear reactor, etc. 冷却剂(尤指为发电机、核反应堆等散热的液体) 2  a fluid used to lessen the friction of a cutting tool (为刀具减少摩擦的)润滑剂 [COOL + -ANT, on the pattern of lubricant]

cool bag n. (also 亦作 cool box) Brit.  an insulated container for keeping food cool [英] (冷藏食品的)隔热袋(容器)

cooler /ˈku:lə/ n.  1  a vessel in which a thing is cooled 冷却器，制冷装置 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a refrigerator 冰箱b  = COOL BAG  3  a long drink, esp. a spritzer 大杯清凉饮料(尤指汽水、汽酒) 4 slang  prison or a prison cell [俚语]监狱，牢房

cool-headed adj.  not easily excited 头脑冷静的

coolibah var.  of COOLABAH  COOLABAH 的变体

coolie /ˈku:li/ n. (also 亦作 cooly) (pl. -ies)  1  an unskilled native labourer in India, China, and some other Eastern countries (旧时印度、中国和其他东方国家的)非技能劳动力，苦力 2 offens.  a person from the Indian subcontinent; a person of Indian descent [冒犯]印度次大陆人；印度血统的人 [Hindi and Telugu Kūlī ‘day-labourer’, probably from Tamil Telugu Kūli ‘hire’]

coolie hat n.  a broad conical hat as worn by coolies (圆锥形的)苦力草帽

cooling-off period n.  an interval to allow for a change of mind before commitment to action 冷却时间，冷却期(指劳资纠纷中采取行动之前先用一段时间冷静下来思考)

cooling tower n.  a tall structure for cooling hot water before reuse, esp. in industry (尤指工业)冷却塔

coolth /ku:lθ/ n.  coolness 凉，凉爽

coomb /ku:m/ n. (also 亦作 combe) Brit. [英]  1  a valley or hollow on the side of a hill 峡谷，山坡溪谷 2  a short valley running up from the coast 海边小溪崖 [Old English cumb, from Celtic: cf. CWM]

coon /ku:n/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a raccoon [北美]浣熊 2 slang offens.  a black person [俚语] [冒犯]黑鬼(对黑人的侮辱性称呼) [abbreviation]

coon-can /ˈku:nkæn/ n.  a simple card game like rummy (originally Mexican) “和谁对打？”牌戏(类似于拉米纸牌戏，起源于墨西哥) [probably from Spanish con quién ‘with whom?’]

coonskin /ˈku:nskin/ n.  1  the skin of a raccoon 浣熊毛皮 2  a cap etc. made of this 浣熊皮帽

co-op /ˈkəʊɒp/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a cooperative society or shop [英]合作社，合作商店 2  a cooperative business or enterprise 合作企业，合作商行 [abbreviation]

coop /ku:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cage or pen for confining poultry (关家禽的)笼子，栏舍 2  a small place of confinement, esp. a prison 关押人的地方，(尤指)监狱 3 Brit.  a basket used in catching fish [英]捕鱼篓 ●v. tr.  1  put or keep (a fowl) in a coop 把(家禽)关入笼子 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, in)  confine (a person) in a small space 把(人)关禁闭，监禁 [Middle English cupe ‘basket’, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kūpe, ultimately from Latin cupa ‘cask’]

cooper /ˈku:pə/ n. & v. ●n.  a maker or repairer of casks, barrels, etc. 制桶匠，修桶匠 ●v. tr.  make or repair (a cask) 制桶，修桶 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kūper, from kūpe COOP]

cooperage /ˈku:p(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the work or establishment of a cooper 制桶工作；制桶业 2  money payable for a cooper's work 修桶费

cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreit/ v. intr. (also 亦作 co-operate)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  work or act together; help, assist 合作，协作，协助 2 (of things) concur in producing an effect (事物)配合，共同起作用，共同产生某种结果 □ cooperant  adj.  □ cooperator  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin cooperari (as CO-, operari from opus operis ‘work’)]

cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 co-operation)  1  the process of working together to the same end; assistance 合作，协作，协助 2 Econ.  the formation and operation of cooperatives 【经】合作社的组成(和经营) [Middle English from Latin cooperatio (as COOPERATE): partly through French coopération]

cooperative /kəʊˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 co-operative) ●adj.  1  of or affording cooperation 合作的，提供协助的 2  willing to cooperate 愿意合作的 3 Econ. (of a farm, business, enterprise, etc.) owned and run jointly by its members, with profits or benefits shared among them 【经】(农场、商行、企业等)共同拥有的，合作经营的 ●n.  a cooperative farm or society or business 合作农场，合作社，合作企业 □ cooperatively  adv.  □ cooperativeness  n.   [Late Latin cooperativus (as COOPERATE)]

co-opt /kəʊˈɒpt/ v. tr.  1  appoint to membership of a body by invitation of the existing members 将…增选为新成员 2  absorb into a larger (esp. political) group; take over, adopt (an idea etc.) 吸收到更大的(尤指政治)组织中去；接管；接受(观点等) □ co-optation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ co-option  n.  □ co-optive  adj.   [Latin cooptare (as CO-, optare ‘choose’)]

coordinate v., adj. & n. (also 亦作 co-ordinate) ●v. /kəʊˈɔ:dineit/  1 tr.  bring (various parts, movements, etc.) into a proper or required relation to ensure harmony or effective operation etc. 使(各部件、各动作等)协调，调节 2 intr.  work or act together effectively 协调工作，协调动作 ●adj. /kəʊˈɔ:dinət/  1  equal in rank or importance 同一等级的；同样重要的 2  in which the parts are coordinated; involving coordination 由协调的各部分组成的；协调一致的 3 Gram. (of parts of a compound sentence) equal in status 【语法】(复合句的各部分)并列的 4 Chem.  denoting a type of covalent bond in which one atom provides both the shared electrons 【化】配位的(指由一个原子提供共用的两个电子的配价键) ●n. /kəʊˈɔ:dinət/  1 Math.  each of a system of magnitudes used to fix the position of a point, line, or plane 【数】坐标 2  a person or thing equal in rank or importance 同等的人；同样重要的事物 3 (in pl. 用复数)  matching items of clothing 配套服装 □ coordinative  /-neitiv/ adj.  □ coordinator  /-neitə/ n.   [CO- + Latin ordinare ordinat- from ordo -inis ‘order’]

Coordinated Universal Time n.  = GREENWICH MEAN TIME(abbr. 缩略 : UTC) 

coordination /kəʊˌɔ:diˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the harmonious or effective working together of different parts 协调，协作 2  the arrangement of parts etc. into an effective relation (部件等)调节，整理 3 Chem.  the formation of a coordinate bond 【化】配价键的形成，配位作用

coot /ku:t/ n.  1  any black aquatic bird of the genus Fulica, esp. F. atra with the upper mandible extended backwards to form a white plate on the forehead 蹼鸡属水鸟(黑色水鸟，尤指白骨顶，喙的上半部分向后延伸于额头上形成一块盘状的白斑) 2 colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 [Middle English, probably from Low German]

cootie /ku:ti/ n. slang  a body louse [俚语]虱子 [perhaps from Malay kutu, a biting parasite]

co-own /kəʊˈəʊn/ v. tr.  own jointly with another person or persons 共同拥有，共有 □ co-owner  n.  □ co-ownership  n.  

cop1 /kɒp/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a police officer 警察，警官 2 Brit.  a capture or arrest [英]抓，捕，逮捕  it's a fair cop  这是依法逮捕 ●v. tr. (copped, copping)  1  catch or arrest (an offender) 抓，捕，逮捕(罪犯) 2  receive, suffer 获得；遭受 3  take, seize 抓住，得到 □ cop a plea  US slang [美] [俚语]  = PLEA BARGAINv. (see 见 PLEA BARGAINING) □ cop it  Brit. [英]  1  get into trouble; be punished 惹麻烦；受惩罚 2  be killed 送命□ cop out   1  withdraw; give up an attempt 退出；放弃尝试 2  go back on a promise 变卦，反悔 3  escape 逃避，逃脱□ not much (or no) cop  Brit.  of little or no value or use [英]没什么价值，没多大用途 [perhaps from obsolete cap ‘arrest’ via Old French caper ‘seize’ from Latin capere: cf. COPPER2]

cop2 /kɒp/ n. (in spinning) a conical ball of thread wound on a spindle (纺织)管纱，纬管，纡子 [Old English cop ‘summit’]

copacetic /kəʊpəˈsetik, -ˈsi:t-/ adj. N. Amer. slang  excellent; in good order [北美] [俚语]极好的；秩序井然的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

copaiba /kəʊˈpaibə/ n.  an aromatic oil or resin from any plant of the genus Copaifera, used in medicine and perfumery 玷巴香，苦配巴香脂(玷巴香脂树的芳香油或树脂，用于药剂、香料等) [Spanish & Portuguese from Guarani cupauba]

copal /ˈkəʊp(ə)l/ n.  a resin from any of various tropical trees, used for varnish 柯巴脂，硬树脂(多种热带树木的树脂，用于制作清漆) [Spanish from Nahuatl copalli ‘incense’]

co-partner /kəʊˈpɑ:tnə/ n.  a partner or associate, esp. when sharing equally (尤指企业中地位相同的)合伙人，合作者 □ co-partnership  n.  合伙关系；合伙人权益

cope1 /kəʊp/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  deal effectively or contend successfully with a person or task (妥善地)处理，对付；(成功地)竞争，争斗 2  manage successfully; deal with a situation or problem (成功地)处理(问题)；应付(局面)  found they could no longer cope  发现他们已无法应付 [earlier in the sense ‘meet in battle’: Middle English via Old French coper, colper (from cop, colp ‘blow’) from medieval Latin colpus, via Latin colaphus from Greek kolaphos ‘blow with the fist’]

cope2 /kəʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Eccl.  a long cloaklike vestment worn by a priest or bishop in ceremonies and processions 【教会】(牧师或主教的)斗篷式长袍，法衣 2 esp. poet.  anything likened to a cloak or canopy [尤诗]斗篷状遮盖物；天穹，天篷 ●v. tr.  cover with a cope or coping 给…穿斗篷式长袍；笼罩 [Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin cappa CAP, CAPE1]

copeck /ˈkəʊpek, ˈkɒpek/ n. (also 亦作 kopeck, kopek)  a monetary unit of Russia and some other countries of the former USSR, equal to one-hundredth of a rouble 戈比(俄罗斯及其他前苏联国家的辅币，等于 1/100 卢布) [Russian kopeĭka, diminutive of kop ′ ë ‘lance’ (from the figure on the coin in 1535 of Ivan IV bearing a lance instead of a sword)]

Copenhagen /ˌkəupənˈheigən/ n.  哥本哈根 [丹麦首都]

copepod /ˈkəʊpipɒd/ n.  any small aquatic crustacean of the class Copepoda, many of which occur in plankton 桡足动物(水生甲壳纲动物) [Greek kōpē ‘oar-handle’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

coper /ˈkəʊpə/ n.  a horse-dealer 马贩子 [obsolete cope ‘buy’, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kōpen, German kaufen: related to CHEAP]

Copernican system /kəˈpɜ:nik(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Copernican theory) Astron.  the theory that the planets (including the earth) move round the sun (cf. 参见 PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM) 【天】哥白尼体系(即太阳中心说) [Copernicus latinized from M. Kopernik, Polish astronomer d. 1543]

copestone /ˈkəʊpstəʊn/ n.  1  = COPING STONE  2  a finishing touch 最后润色的一笔；顶点；最高潮 [COPE2 + STONE]

copiable /ˈkɒpiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can or may be copied 可模仿的；可复印的

copier /ˈkɒpiə/ n.  a machine or person that copies (esp. documents) (尤指文件的)复印机；誊写员，抄写员

co-pilot /ˈkəʊpailət/ n.  a second pilot in an aircraft (飞机的)副驾驶员

coping /ˈkəʊpiŋ/ n.  the top (usu. sloping) course of masonry in a wall or parapet (通常指倾斜的)压顶，盖顶 [COPE2]

coping saw /ˈkəʊpiŋ/ n.  a D-shaped saw for cutting curves in wood (锯曲线用的)弓形手锯 [cope ‘cut wood’ from Old French coper: see COPE1]

coping stone n.  a stone used in a coping (墙上端的)压顶石

copious /ˈkəʊpiəs/ adj.  1  abundant, plentiful 丰富的，充裕的，大量的 2  producing much 多产的 3  providing much information 内容翔实丰富的 4  profuse in speech (演讲)冗长的 □ copiously  adv.  □ copiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French copieux or from Latin copiosus, from copia ‘plenty’]

copita /kəʊˈpi:tə/ n.  1  a tulip-shaped sherry glass (郁金香形状的)雪利酒杯 2  a glass of sherry 一杯雪利酒 [Spanish, diminutive of copa ‘cup’]

coplanar /kəʊˈpleinə/ adj. Geom.  in the same plane 【几】共面的 □ coplanarity  /-pləˈnæriti/ n.  

copolymer /kəʊˈpɒlimə/ n. Chem.  a polymer with units of more than one kind 【化】共聚物 □ copolymerize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ copolymerization  /-raiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  

cop-out n.  1  a cowardly or feeble evasion (胆怯的)退出，躲避 2  an escape; a way of escape 逃避；遁词，借口

copper1 /ˈkɒpə/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1 Chem.  a malleable red-brown metallic element of the transition series occurring naturally esp. in cuprite and malachite, and used esp. for electrical wiring (symbol 符 Cu) 【化】(化学元素)铜，紫铜，红铜 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a bronze coin, esp. one of little value (尤指小面值的)铜币 3 Brit.  a large metal vessel for boiling esp. laundry [英] (尤指洗衣房用的)大铜锅 4  any of various butterflies with copper-coloured wings 铜色小灰蝶 ●adj.  made of or coloured like copper 铜的，铜制的，铜色的 ●v. tr.  cover (a ship's bottom, a pan, etc.) with copper 给(船底、平锅等)包铜；镀铜 [Old English copor, coper, ultimately from Latin cyprium aes ‘Cyprus metal’]

copper2 /ˈkɒpə/ n. slang  a police officer [俚语]警察，警官 [COP1 + -ER1]

copperas /ˈkɒp(ə)rəs/ n.  hydrated ferrous sulphate, forming green crystals 含水硫酸亚铁，绿矾 [Middle English coperose via Old French couperose from medieval Latin cup(e)rosa: perhaps originally aqua cuprosa ‘copper water’]

copper beech n.  a variety of beech with copper-coloured leaves 紫叶欧洲山毛榉

copper belt n.  a copper-mining area of central Africa 铜带(指中部非洲的铜矿区)

copper bit n.  a soldering tool pointed with copper 铜焊头，铜头烙铁

copper-bottomed adj.  1 (esp. of a ship or pan) having a bottom sheathed with copper (尤指船只或平锅)铜底的，有铜包底的 2 Brit.  genuine or reliable, esp. financially [英] (尤指财务上)完全可靠的，稳妥保险的

copperhead /ˈkɒpəhed/ n.  1  a venomous viper, Agkistrodon contortrix, native to N. America 铜头蛇(蝮蛇属毒蛇，原产于北美) 2  a venomous cobra, Denisonia superba, native to Australia 铜头眼镜蛇(旦尼森蛇属有毒眼镜蛇，原产于澳大利亚)

copperplate /ˈkɒpəpleit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a polished copper plate for engraving or etching 铜凹版(用于镌刻或蚀刻的一种抛光铜板)；铜板b  a print made from this 铜凹版印刷品 2  an ornate style of handwriting resembling that originally used in engravings 铜版体(一种类似原先雕版印刷所用字体的装饰性字体) ●adj.  of or in copperplate writing 铜版体的，用铜版体书写的

copper pyrites n.  = CHALCOPYRITE 

coppersmith /ˈkɒpəsmiθ/ n.  a person who works in copper 铜匠

copper sulphate n.  a blue crystalline solid used in electroplating, textile dyeing, etc. 硫酸铜(用于电镀、或纺织品染色等的一种蓝色晶状固体)

copper vitriol n.  copper sulphate 铜矾，胆矾(硫酸铜的俗名)

coppery /ˈkɒp(ə)ri/ adj.  of or like copper, esp. in colour 铜质的；(尤指颜色)似铜的

coppice /ˈkɒpis/ n. & v. ●n.  an area of undergrowth and small trees, grown for periodic cutting (定期修剪的)矮林，萌生林 ●v.  1 tr.  cut back (young trees) periodically to stimulate growth of shoots (为萌生新芽而)定期修剪 2 intr. (of a tree) produce new shoots from a stump (树木)萌生新芽 □ coppiced  adj.   [Old French copeïz, ultimately from medieval Latin colpus ‘blow’: see COPE1]

copra /ˈkɒprə/ n.  the dried kernels of the coconut 干椰子仁 [Portuguese, from Malayalam koppara ‘coconut’]

co-precipitation /ˌkəʊprisipiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  the simultaneous precipitation of more than one compound from a solution 【化】(溶液中两种以上的化合物)共同沉淀，共沉淀脱除

copro- /ˈkɒprəʊ/ comb. form  dung, faeces [构词成分]粪肥，粪便 [Greek kopros ‘dung’]

coprocessor /kəʊˈprəʊsesə/ n. Computing  a microprocessor providing additional functions to supplement a primary processor 【计算】辅助性微处理机

co-produce /kəʊprəˈdju:s/ v. tr.  produce a play, broadcast, etc., jointly 合演(戏剧)；合制(广播节目) □ coproducer  n.  □ co-production  /-ˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  

coprolite /ˈkɒprəlait/ n. Archaeol.  fossil dung or a piece of it 【考古】粪化石；一块粪化石

coprophagous /kɒˈprɒfəɡəs/ adj. Zool.  dung-eating 【动】(甲虫等)食粪的 [COPRO-]

coprophilia /kɒprə(ʊ)ˈfiliə/ n.  an abnormal interest in faeces and defecation 嗜粪癖，嗜粪症

coprosma /kəˈprɒzmə/ n.  any small evergreen plant of the genus Coprosma, native to Australasia 栲泼罗斯马属植物(小型常青植物，原产于澳大拉西亚) [modern Latin, from Greek kopros ‘dung’ + osmē ‘smell’]

copse /kɒps/ n.  1  = COPPICE  2 (in general use) a small wood 小树林 [shortened from COPPICE]

copsewood /ˈkɒpswʊd/ n.  undergrowth 矮树丛

cop shop n. Brit.  a police station [英]警察局

Copt /kɒpt/ n.  1  a native Egyptian in the Hellenistic and Roman periods 科普特人(古希腊和古罗马时期的埃及人) 2  a native Christian of the independent Egyptian Church 科普特基督教徒 [French Copte or modern Latin Coptus via Arabic al-kibt, al-kubt ‘Copts’ and Coptic Gyptios from Greek Aiguptios ‘Egyptian’]

Coptic /ˈkɒptik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the language of the Copts, now used only in the Coptic Church 科普特语(现仅在科普特基督教会礼拜仪式中使用) ●adj.  of or relating to the Copts or their language 科普特人的；科普特语的

copula /ˈkɒpjʊlə/ n. (pl. copulas) Logic & Gram.  a connecting word, esp. a part of the verb be connecting a subject and predicate 【逻辑学】联项；联结词，联系词 【语法】系词(尤指连接主语和谓语的连系动词) □ copular  adj.   [Latin (as CO-, apere ‘fasten’)]

copulate /ˈkɒpjʊleit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  have sexual intercourse 交媾；(动物)交配；(配子)配合 □ copulatory  adj.   [Latin copulare ‘fasten together’ (as COPULA)]

copulation /kɒpjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  sexual union 交媾；交配；(配子)配合 2  a grammatical or logical connection 逻辑连系；(语法上的)连系，连接 [Middle English via Old French from Latin copulatio (as COPULATE)]

copulative /ˈkɒpjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  serving to connect (用于)连接的，(用于)结合的 2 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a word) that connects words or clauses linked in sense (cf. 参见 DISJUNCTIVE 2) (指单词)连接相关词语(或从句)的b  connecting a subject and predicate 连接主语和谓语的 3  relating to sexual union (有关)交媾的；(有关)交配的 □ copulatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French copulatif -ive or Late Latin copulativus (as COPULATE)]

copy /ˈkɒpi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thing made to imitate or be identical to another 复制品，仿制物 2  a single specimen of a publication or issue (出版物的) (一)本，(一)份  ordered twenty copies  订购 20 份 3  a  matter to be printed 印刷稿b  material for a newspaper or magazine article (报刊杂志文章的)素材，题材  scandals make good copy  丑闻是有新闻价值的好题材c  the text of an advertisement 广告文字说明 4  a  a model to be copied 范本，字帖b  a page written after a model (of penmanship) (书法)摹本 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  make a copy of 复印；复制b (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  transcribe 抄写，誊写 2 intr.  make a copy rather than produce something original 拷贝；抄袭 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  send a copy of (a letter) to a third party 把(信函的复印件)寄给第三方 4 tr.  do the same as; imitate 模仿；仿效；仿制 [Middle English from Old French copie, copier, ultimately from Latin copia ‘abundance’, pl. ‘ability, opportunity’ (in medieval Latin = transcript, from such phrases as copiam describendi facere ‘give permission to transcribe’)]

copybook /ˈkɒpibʊk/ n.  1  a book containing models of handwriting for learners to imitate 习字簿，描红簿 2 (作 attrib.)  a  tritely conventional 老一套的；平庸的b  accurate, exemplary 精确的；模范的，典范的

copycat /ˈkɒpikæt/ n.  1 colloq. (esp. as a child's word) a person who copies another, esp. slavishly [口] (儿童用语，尤指无创造性的)模仿者，仿效者 2 (作 attrib.)  in imitation of a person, act, event, etc. 抄袭他人的，模仿的  copycat crimes  抄袭罪

copydesk /ˈkɒpidesk/ n.  the desk at which copy is edited for printing 文字编辑桌

copy-edit v. tr. (-edited, -editing)  edit (copy) for printing 对(稿件)做文字编辑 □ copy editor  n.  文字编辑

copyhold /ˈkɒpihəʊld/ n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1  tenure of land based on manorial records (旧时有领地法院案卷副本为证的)副本土地保有权 2  land held in this way 副本保有土地

copyholder /ˈkɒpihəʊldə/ n.  1 Brit. hist.  a person who held land in copyhold [英史义]副本土地保有者 2  a clasp for holding copy while it is keyboarded, typed, etc. (排字、打字等用的)稿架

copyist /ˈkɒpiist/ n.  1  a person who makes (esp. written) copies 抄写者，缮写者 2  an imitator 模仿者；仿制者；抄袭者 [earlier copist, from French copiste or medieval Latin copista (as COPY)]

copyreader /ˈkɒpiri:də/ n.  a person who reads and edits copy for a newspaper or book (报纸或书籍的)文字编辑 □ copyread (past and past part. □ copyread  /-red/ v. tr.  )   

copyright /ˈkɒpirait/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  the exclusive legal right, given to the originator or his or her assignee for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same 版权 ●adj. (of such material) protected by copyright 受版权保护的 ●v. tr.  secure copyright for (material) 使(某题材)获得版权

copyright library n. Brit.  a library entitled to a free copy of each book published in the UK [英] (有权免费获得在英国内出版的每一本书的)版本图书馆

copy-typist n.  a person who makes typewritten transcripts of documents (文件的)副本打字员

copywriter /ˈkɒpiraitə/ n.  a person who writes or prepares copy (esp. of advertising material) for publication (尤指广告的)文字撰稿人 □ copywriting  n.  

coq au vin /kɒk əʊ ˈvã/ n.  a casserole of chicken pieces cooked in wine 酒焖子鸡 [French]

coquetry /ˈkɒkitri, ˈkəʊ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  coquettish behaviour 卖弄风情，卖俏，媚态，调情 2  a coquettish act 卖弄风情的行为 3  trifling with serious matters (对严肃事情)轻率对待，玩忽 [French coquetterie from coqueter (as COQUETTE)]

coquette /kɒˈket/ n.  1  a woman who flirts 卖弄风情的女子 2  any crested hummingbird of the genus Lophornis 有冠蜂鸟(冠蜂鸟属动物) □ coquettish  adj.  □ coquettishly  adv.  □ coquettishness  n.   [French, fem. of coquet ‘wanton’, diminutive of coq ‘cock’]

coquina /kəʊˈki:nə/ n.  a soft limestone of broken shells, used in road-making in the W. Indies and Florida (在西印度群岛和佛罗里达用来铺路的)介壳灰岩，贝壳灰岩 [Spanish, = cockle]

coquito /kəʊˈki:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a palm tree, Jubaea chilensis, native to Chile, yielding honey from its sap, and fibre 智利棕(原产于智利，产棕榈和含糖树汁) [Spanish, diminutive of coco ‘coconut’]

Cor. abbr. [缩略]  1  Corinthians (New Testament) (《圣经·新约》中的)《哥林多书》 2 US [美]  coroner 

cor /kɔ:/ int. Brit. slang  expressing surprise, excitement, alarm, etc. [英] [俚语] (表示惊讶、激动、恐慌等)老天爷 □ cor blimey   see 见 BLIMEY  [corruption of God]

cor- /kɒ, kə/ prefix  assim. form of COM- before r COM- 在字母 r 前的同化形式

coracle /ˈkɒrək(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a small boat of wickerwork covered with watertight material, used on Welsh and Irish lakes and rivers [英]兽皮小渔船，科拉科尔小艇(用枝条编成后涂上防水材料，在威尔士和爱尔兰的湖和河里使用) [Welsh corwgl (= Irish currach ‘small boat’: cf. CURRACH)]

coracoid /ˈkɒrəkɔid/ n. (in full 全称 coracoid process)  a short projection from the shoulder blade in vertebrates (脊椎动物肩胛骨上突出的)喙突 [modern Latin coracoides from Greek korakoeidēs ‘raven-like’, from korax -akos ‘raven’]

coral /ˈkɒr(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a hard calcareous substance secreted by certain marine coelenterates as an external skeleton and often forming large reefs 珊瑚(特定海生腔肠动物分泌出的石灰质体外骨壳，常常形成巨大的珊瑚礁)b  any similar substance secreted by other marine organisms, esp. (in full 全称 red coral) a tough red substance produced by gorgonians of the genus Corallium and used in jewellery (其他海洋生物分泌的)珊瑚(尤指红珊瑚属的柳珊瑚产生的可以用作珠宝的)红珊瑚 2  a marine coelenterate of the class Anthozoa, with a calcareous, horny, or soft skeleton, and often colonial, esp. (stony or true coral 石珊瑚或真珊瑚) of the reef-forming order Madreporaria 珊瑚虫(珊瑚纲海生腔肠动物，尤指形成珊瑚礁的石珊瑚目腔肠动物) 3  a pinkish-red colour 珊瑚红色 4  the unfertilized roe of a lobster or scallop 龙虾(或扇贝)未受精卵 ●adj.  1  of a pinkish-red colour 珊瑚红色的 2  made of coral 珊瑚制成的 [Middle English via Old French and Latin corallum from Greek korallion, probably of Semitic origin]

coral island n.  an island formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚岛

coralline /ˈkɒrəlain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any seaweed of the genus Corallina having a calcareous jointed stem 珊瑚藻属海生植物，红藻 2 (in general use 一般用法)  the name of various plantlike compound organisms (植物状)珊瑚虫类动物 ●adj.  1  = CORALadj. 1  2  of or like coral 珊瑚的，珊瑚状的 [French corallin & Italian corallina from Late Latin corallinus (as CORAL)]

corallite /ˈkɒrəlait/ n.  1  the coral skeleton of a marine polyp 珊瑚单体 2  fossil coral 化石珊瑚 [Latin corallum CORAL]

coralloid /ˈkɒrəlɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  like or akin to coral 珊瑚状的，类似珊瑚的 ●n.  a coralloid organism 珊瑚状生物

coral rag n.  limestone containing beds of petrified corals 珊瑚石灰岩

coral reef n.  a reef formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚礁

coral-root n.  1  a woodland plant, Cardamine bulbifera (family Cruciferae), with purple flowers and scaly rhizomes 珊瑚兰(一种生长在林地的十字花科植物，紫色花，鳞状根茎) 2 (in full 全称 coral-root orchid)  a brown saprophytic orchid of the genus Corallorhiza 棕色腐生兰花(珊瑚兰属植物)

coral snake n.  any of various brightly coloured snakes of the cobra family, esp. a venomous one of the American genus Micrurus 珊瑚蛇(眼镜蛇科，颜色鲜亮多样，尤指美洲的一种珊瑚蛇属毒蛇)

coram populo /ˌkɔ:rəm ˈpɒpjʊləʊ/ adv.  in public 在公众面前，在公开场合 [Latin, = in the presence of the people]

cor anglais /kɔ:r ˈɑ:ŋɡlei, ˈɒŋɡlei/ n. (pl. cors anglais pronunc. same 单复发音同) Mus. 【音】  1  an alto woodwind instrument of the oboe family 英国管，英国号(一种双簧管类的中音木管乐器) 2  a player of this instrument 英国管演奏者 3  an organ stop with the quality of a cor anglais (具有英国管音色的)风琴音栓 [French, = English horn]

corbel /ˈkɔ:b(ə)l/ n. & v. Archit. 【建】  ●n.  1  a projection of stone, timber, etc., jutting out from a wall to support a weight (从墙上伸出用于支承重物的石头或木制)托臂 2  a short timber laid longitudinally under a beam to help support it 梁托 ●v. tr. & intr. (corbelled, corbelling; US [美] corbeled, corbeling) (foll. by 后跟 out, off)  support or project on corbels 用托臂(或梁托)支撑 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of corp ‘crow’ (see CORBIE): perhaps from the shape of a corbel, resembling a crow's beak]

corbel-table n.  a projecting course resting on corbels (用托臂支撑的)挑檐

corbie /ˈkɔ:bi/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a raven 渡鸦 2  a carrion crow 小嘴乌鸦，食腐鸦 [Middle English via Old French corb, corp from Latin corvus ‘crow’]

corbie-step n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  each of several steplike projections on the sloping sides of a gable (一级)山墙台阶

cord /kɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  long thin flexible string or rope made from several twisted strands 绳子b  a piece of this (一根)细绳 2 Anat.  a structure in the body resembling a cord 【解】(人体内的)索，带  spinal cord  脊髓 3  a  ribbed fabric, esp. corduroy 凸纹织物(尤指灯芯绒)b (in pl. 用复数)  corduroy trousers 灯芯绒裤子c  a cordlike rib on fabric (织物的)棱，凸纹 4  an electric flex (电用)花线，塞绳 5  a measure of cut wood (usu. 128 cu.ft, 3.62 cubic metres) 考得(木材的计量单位，通常为 128 立方英尺，约 3.62 立方米) 6  a moral or emotional tie (道德的)约束；(感情的)纽带  cords of affection  感情的纽带 ●v. tr.  1  fasten or bind with cord 用(细绳)捆扎 2 (as 作 corded adj.)  a (of cloth) ribbed (布料)有棱的，有凸纹的b  provided with cords (窗帘等)装有拉绳的c (of muscles) standing out like taut cords (肌肉)绷紧鼓起的 □ cordlike  adj.   [Middle English via Old French corde and Latin chorda from Greek khordē ‘gut, string of musical instrument’]

cordage /ˈkɔ:didʒ/ n.  cords or ropes, esp. in the rigging of a ship (尤指船用)绳索；船缆，张帆索 [Middle English from French (as CORD)]

cordate /ˈkɔ:deit/ adj.  heart-shaped 心形的 [modern Latin cordatus from Latin cor cordis ‘heart’]

Cordelier /kɔ:diˈliə/ n.  a Franciscan Observant (wearing a knotted cord round the waist) 天主教方济各会修士(因腰上系一条绳索腰带而得名) [Middle English from Old French from cordele, diminutive of corde CORD]

cordial /ˈkɔ:diəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  heartfelt, sincere 由衷的，诚挚的 2  warm, friendly 热情的，友好的 ●n.  1 Brit.  a fruit-flavoured drink [英]果味饮料，露酒 2  a comforting or pleasant-tasting medicine 安慰剂，甜味剂 3  = LIQUEUR  □ cordiality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ cordially  adv.   [Middle English via medieval Latin cordialis from Latin cor cordis ‘heart’]

cordillera /kɔ:diˈljɛərə/ n.  a system or group of usu. parallel mountain ranges together with intervening plateaux etc., esp. of the Andes and in Central America and Mexico (尤指安第斯及中美和墨西哥的)山系，雁列山脉 [Spanish from cordilla, diminutive of cuerda CORD]

cordite /ˈkɔ:dait/ n.  a smokeless explosive made from nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine 柯达无烟火药，无烟硝化甘油火药 [CORD (from its appearance) + -ITE1]

cordless /ˈkɔ:dlis/ adj. (of an electrical appliance, telephone, etc.) working without connection to a mains supply or central unit (电器、电话等)无绳的

cordon /ˈkɔ:d(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line or circle of police, soldiers, guards, etc., esp. preventing access to or from an area (尤指为防止接近而设置的)哨兵线，警戒线；包围圈 2  a  an ornamental cord or braid 饰带，穗带b  the ribbon of a knightly order (骑士的)绶带 3  a fruit tree trained to grow as a single stem (果树的)单干形 4 Archit.  a string-course 【建】束带层(指砖墙上的突出层) ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  enclose or separate with a cordon of police etc. 以警戒线等包围(或封锁) [Italian cordone, augmentative of corda CORD & French cordon (as CORD)]

cordon bleu /ˌkɔ:dɒ˜ ˈblɜ:/ adj. & n. Cookery 【烹饪】  ●adj.  of the highest class 第一流名厨的 ●n.  a cook of this class 第一流名厨 [French, = blue ribbon]

cordon sanitaire /ˌkɔ:dɒ˜ sæniˈtɛə/ n.  1  a guarded line between infected and uninfected districts (传染病流行地区的)防疫线，防疫封锁线 2  any measure designed to prevent communication or the spread of undesirable influences (阻碍交通的)屏障；(防止不良影响蔓延的)防线 [French]

cordovan /ˈkɔ:dəv(ə)n/ n.  a kind of soft leather 科尔多瓦(软)皮革 [Spanish cordovan ‘of Córdova’ (Córdoba, a city in southern Spain) where it was originally made]

corduroy /ˈkɔ:dərɔi/ n.  1  a thick cotton fabric with velvety ribs 灯心绒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  corduroy trousers 灯心绒裤子 [18th c.: probably from CORD ‘ribbed fabric’ + obsolete duroy ‘coarse woollen fabric’]

corduroy road n.  a road made of tree trunks laid across a swamp (沼泽上面用树干铺成的)木排路

cordwainer /ˈkɔ:dweinə/ n. Brit. archaic  a shoemaker (usu. in names of guilds etc.) [英古义]制鞋工人，鞋匠(通常用于行会的名称中) [obsolete cordwain CORDOVAN]

cordwood /ˈkɔ:dwʊd/ n.  wood that is or can easily be measured in cords (能以考得为单位计量体积的)堆积木材

CORE abbr. (in the US) Congress of Racial Equality [缩略] (美国)争取种族平等大会

core /kɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the horny central part of various fruits, containing the seeds (水果的)果心，核 2  a  the central or most important part of anything 核心，精髓，最重要部分 also 亦作 attrib.: core curriculum  核心课程b  the central part, of different character from the surroundings (与周围环境不同的)核心部分 3  the central region of the earth 地核 4  the central part of a nuclear reactor, containing the fissile material 活性区，反应堆心(即核反应堆中心含裂变材料的部分) 5  a magnetic structural unit in a computer, storing one bit of data (see 见 BIT4) (计算机的)磁心，磁心存储器 6  the inner strand of an electric cable, rope, etc. (电缆、绳索等的)芯线 7  a piece of soft iron forming the centre of an electromagnet or an induction coil (电磁或感应线圈的)铁芯 8  an internal mould filling a space to be left hollow in a casting (铸造用的)型芯，砂芯 9  an internal part cut out (esp. of rock etc. in boring) 岩芯(尤指钻探时提取的岩石样品) 10 Archaeol.  a piece of flint from which flakes or blades have been removed 【考古】石核 ●v. tr.  remove the core from 挖去…的果心；将…钻成空心 □ corer  n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Middle English: origin unknown]

corelation var.  of CORRELATION  CORRELATION 的变体

co-religionist /kəʊriˈlidʒ(ə)nist/ n. (US [美] coreligionist)  an adherent of the same religion (同一教派的)教友，信奉同一宗教者

corella /kəˈrelə/ n.  any of several small Australian cockatoos of the genus Cacatua with pink-tinged white plumage and blue skin around the eye 葵花鹦鹉，凤头鹦鹉(产于澳洲，羽毛白里略显粉红色，眼睛周围有蓝色肉皮) [Wiradhuri]

core memory n.  the memory of a computer consisting of many cores (计算机)磁心存储器

coreopsis /kɒriˈɒpsis/ n.  any plant of the genus Coreopsis (daisy family), having rayed usu. yellow flowers 金鸡菊属植物(雏菊科，花呈伞形，通常为黄色) [modern Latin, from Greek koris ‘bug’ + opsis ‘appearance’, with reference to the shape of the seed]

co-respondent /kəʊriˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] corespondent)  a person cited in a divorce case as having committed adultery with the respondent 共同被告(指离婚诉讼中与配偶的夫或妻通奸者)

core time n. Brit. (in a flexitime system) the central part of the working day, when all employees must be present [英] (弹性工时制中员工必须上班的)基本上班时间

corf /kɔ:f/ n. (pl. corves /kɔ:vz/) Brit. [英]  1  a basket in which fish are kept alive in the water (置于水中养鱼的)鱼篓 2  a small wagon, formerly a large basket, used in mining 小型矿车；(旧时采矿用的)矿篮 [Middle Dutch, Middle Low German korf, Old High German chorp, korb, from Latin corbis ‘basket’]

corgi /ˈkɔ:ɡi/ n. (in full 全称 Welsh corgi) (pl. corgis)  1  a dog of a short-legged breed with foxlike head 威尔士矮脚狗(体长腿短，头部像狐狸) 2  this breed 威尔士矮脚狗品种 [Welsh from cor ‘dwarf’ + ci ‘dog’]

coriaceous /kɒriˈeiʃəs/ adj.  like leather; leathery 皮革似的；坚韧的 [Late Latin coriaceus from corium ‘leather’]

coriander /kɒriˈændə/ n.  1  an umbelliferous plant, Coriandrum sativum, with leaves used for flavouring and small round aromatic fruits 芫荽，香菜(芫荽属伞状花序植物，叶可作调味品，果实为小圆球形，有香味) 2 (also 亦作 coriander seed)  the dried fruit of this plant used for flavouring curries etc. (用作调味咖喱的)芫荽种子 [Middle English via Old French coriandre and Latin coriandrum from Greek koriannon]

Corinthian /kəˈrinθiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to ancient Corinth in southern Greece (希腊南部)古科林斯的，关于古科林斯的 2 Archit.  of an order characterized by ornate decoration and flared capitals with rows of acanthus leaves, used esp. by the Romans 【建】科林斯式柱型的(为古罗马人所使用，以华丽装饰和叶形雕刻簇拥火焰柱顶为特征) 3  amateur (in sport) (体育)业余爱好的 4 archaic  profligate [古义]放荡的，荒淫的 ●n.  1  a native of Corinth 科林斯人 2  a wealthy amateur of sport (富有的)体育业余爱好者 [Latin Corinthius from Greek Korinthios + -AN]

Coriolis effect /kɒriˈəʊlis/ n.  an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system is accelerated perpendicular to its motion and to the axis of rotation, which helps to explain why wind patterns are clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern 科里奥利效应，科里奥利偏移(即在旋转系统中运动的质量会产生与其运动及旋转轴心垂直的加速度，该效应有助于解释为什么北半球的风呈顺时针流动，而南半球的风则以逆时针流动) [named after G. G. Coriolis, French engineer d. 1843]

corium /ˈkɔ:riəm/ n. Anat.  the dermis 【解】真皮 [Latin, = skin]

cork /kɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the buoyant light brown material obtained from beneath the bark of the cork oak 栓皮，软木b Bot.  a protective layer of dead cells immediately below the bark of woody plants 【植】木栓层(紧贴在树皮内的死细胞保护层) 2  a bottle stopper of cork or other material 瓶塞，软木塞 3  a float of cork used in fishing etc. (钓鱼等用的)软木浮子 4 (作 attrib.)  made of cork 软木制作的 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  stop or confine 塞住，封堵 2  restrain (feelings etc.) 克制，抑制(感情等) 3  blacken with burnt cork 用软木炭涂黑 □ corklike  adj.  似软木的；轻浮的，轻薄的；快活的 [Middle English via Dutch and Low German kork from Spanish alcorque ‘cork sole’, perhaps from Arabic]

corkage /ˈkɔ:kidʒ/ n.  a charge made by a restaurant or hotel for serving wine etc. when brought in by customers (饭店或旅馆对顾客自备酒水等收取的)开瓶费

corked /kɔ:kt/ adj.  1  stopped with a cork 用瓶塞塞住的 2 (of wine) spoilt by a decayed cork (酒)有腐烂瓶塞味的 3  blackened with burnt cork 用软木炭涂黑的

corker /ˈkɔ:kə/ n. slang  an excellent or astonishing person or thing [俚语]非凡的人；超群的东西

corking /ˈkɔ:kiŋ/ adj. esp. Brit. slang  strikingly large or splendid [尤英] [俚语]极大的，极好的

cork oak n.  an evergreen Mediterranean oak, Quercus suber, yielding cork 栓皮槠(一种常绿栎属乔木，产于地中海)

corkscrew /ˈkɔ:kskru:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spirally twisted steel device for extracting corks from bottles (拔软木塞的)螺丝起子，瓶塞钻 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a thing with a spiral shape (物品)螺旋形的 ●v. tr. & intr.  move spirally; twist (使)螺旋移动；(使)曲折行进

cork-tipped adj. Brit. (of a cigarette) having a filter of corklike material [英] (香烟)有软木过滤嘴的

corkwood /ˈkɔ:kwʊd/ n.  1  a shrub or tree yielding a light porous wood, esp. Leitneria floridana of the US and Eritelea arborescens of New Zealand 软木，轻木(灌木或乔木尤指美国塞子木和新西兰的轻木) 2  this wood 塞子木(木材)，轻木(木材)

corky /ˈkɔ:ki/ adj. (corkier, corkiest)  1  corklike 似软木的 2 (of wine) corked (酒等)有软木塞味的

corm /kɔ:m/ n. Bot.  an underground swollen stem base of some plants, e.g. the crocus 【植】球茎(植物的地下球状根茎，如番红花的球茎) [modern Latin cormus from Greek kormos ‘trunk with boughs lopped off’]

cormorant /ˈkɔ:m(ə)r(ə)nt/ n.  any diving seabird of the family Phalacrocoracidae, esp. Phalacrocorax carbo, which has lustrous black plumage 鸬鹚科海鸟(会潜水，尤指普通鸬鹚，羽毛色黑有光泽) [Middle English via Old French cormaran from medieval Latin corvus marinus ‘sea-raven’: for ending -ant cf. peasant, tyrant]

corn1 /kɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a esp. Brit.  any cereal before or after harvesting, esp. the chief crop of a region, e.g. wheat, oats, etc. [尤英]谷物(尤指某一地区的主要作物，如小麦、燕麦等)b US & Austral. [美澳]  = MAIZE c  a grain or seed of a cereal plant 谷粒，麦粒 2 colloq.  something corny or trite [口]陈腐的东西，老一套 ●v. tr. (as 作 corned adj.)  sprinkled or preserved with salt or brine 用盐卤或盐腌制的  corned beef  腌牛肉 [Old English from Germanic: related to Latin granum ‘grain’]

corn2 /kɔ:n/ n.  a small area of horny usu. tender skin esp. on the toes, extending into subcutaneous tissue (尤指脚趾上的)钉胼，鸡眼 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornbrash /ˈkɔ:nbræʃ/ n. Brit. Geol.  an earthy limestone layer of the Jurassic period [英]【地质】(侏罗纪形成的)粗石灰质沙土 [CORN1 + BRASH2]

cornbread /ˈkɔ:nbred/ n.  bread made of the meal of maize 玉米面包

corn chandler n.  a dealer in corn 谷物零售商

corn circle n.  = CROP CIRCLE 

corn cob n.  the cylindrical centre of the maize ear to which rows of grains are attached 玉米穗轴，玉米棒子芯

corn-cob pipe n.  a tobacco pipe made from a corn cob 玉米穗轴烟斗

corncockle  see 见 COCKLE2 1 

corncrake /ˈkɔ:nkreik/ n.  a rail, Crex crex, with a rasping call, inhabiting grassland and nesting on the ground 长脚秧鸡(栖居于草原地区，在地面上筑巢，啼叫声粗厉刺耳)

corn dolly n. Brit.  a symbolic or decorative figure made of plaited straw [英]稻草人

cornea /ˈkɔ:niə/ n.  the transparent layer covering the front of the eye 角膜 □ corneal  adj.   [medieval Latin cornea tela ‘horny tissue’, from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornel /ˈkɔ:n(ə)l/ n.  a shrub or tree of the genus Cornus, which includes dogwoods, esp. a dwarf kind, C. suecica 山茱萸(梾木属灌木或乔木，包括犬木，尤指) [Middle English from Latin cornus]

cornelian /kɔ:ˈni:liən/ n. (also 亦作 carnelian /kɑ:-/)  1  a dull red or reddish-white variety of chalcedony 光玉髓，肉红玉髓 2  this colour 肉红色 [Middle English from Old French corneline; car- suggested by Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

corneous /ˈkɔ:niəs/ adj.  hornlike, horny 角状的；角质的 [Latin corneus from cornu ‘horn’]

corner /ˈkɔ:nə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place where converging sides or edges meet 角儿，(外)墙角 2  a projecting angle, esp. where two streets meet 弯角，(尤指)街角 3  the internal space or recess formed by the meeting of two sides, esp. of a room (内)墙角，屋角，角落 4  a difficult position, esp. one from which there is no escape 困境，(尤指无处躲藏的)绝境  driven into a corner  陷入困境 5  a secluded or remote place 偏僻处，隐秘处 6  a region or quarter, esp. a remote one 地区，(尤指)边远地区  from the four corners of the earth  来自世界各地 7  the action or result of buying or controlling the whole available stock of a commodity, thereby dominating the market (为垄断市场而)大量买进商品，囤积居奇 8 Boxing & Wrestling 【拳击】【摔跤】  a  an angle of the ring, esp. one where a contestant rests between rounds 场角(尤指比赛者赛间休息的地方)b  a contestant's supporters offering assistance at the corner between rounds (赛间休息时为某赛手帮忙的)捧场观众 9 Football & Hockey  a free-kick or hit from a corner of the pitch after the ball has been sent over the goal line by a defending player 【足球】【曲棍球】角球 10 Brit.  a triangular cut of gammon or ham [英] (腌猪后腿、火腿等的)三角块 ●v.  1 tr.  force (a person or animal) into a difficult or inescapable position 将(人或动物)逼入困境，使走投无路 2 tr.  a  establish a corner in (a commodity) (对某商品)进行垄断，囤积b  dominate (dealers or the market) in this way (用囤积的方法)垄断市场 3 intr. (esp. of or in a vehicle) go round a corner (尤指车辆)转弯 □ just round (or around) the corner  colloq.  very near; imminent [口]在近处；临近的，即将发生的 [Middle English from Anglo-French, ultimately from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornerback /ˈkɔ:nəbæk/ n. (in American football etc.) a defensive player or position on the wing (美式橄榄球等的)角后卫

corner shop n.  a small local shop, esp. at a street corner (尤指街道拐角处的)街头小店

cornerstone /ˈkɔ:nəstəʊn/ n.  1  a  a stone in a projecting angle of a wall 墙角石，隅石b  a foundation stone 奠基石，基石 2  an indispensable part or basis of something 柱石，基础

cornerwise /ˈkɔ:nəwaiz/ adv.  diagonally 对角线地，斜地

cornet1 /ˈkɔ:nit/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a brass instrument resembling a trumpet but shorter and wider 短号(一种铜管乐器)b  a player of this instrument 短号手c  an organ stop with the quality of a cornet (有短号音色的)风琴音栓d  a cornetto 小喇叭 2 Brit.  a conical wafer for holding ice cream [英] (盛冰淇淋的)圆锥形蛋卷 □ cornetist  /kɔ:ˈnetist/ n. (also 亦作 cornettist)   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornet2 /ˈkɔ:nit/ n. Brit. hist.  the fifth commissioned officer in a cavalry troop, who carried the colours [英史义] (骑兵队的)掌旗官 □ cornetcy  n. (pl. -ies)  (骑兵)掌旗官的军阶 [earlier in the sense ‘pennon, standard’: from French cornette, diminutive of corne, ultimately from Latin cornua ‘horns’]

cornett /ˈkɔ:nit/ n. Mus. 【音】  = CORNETTO  [variant of CORNET1]

cornetto /kɔ:ˈnetəʊ/ n. (pl. cornetti /-ti/) Mus.  an old woodwind instrument with finger-holes and a cup-shaped mouthpiece 【音】(旧时的木制)小喇叭 [Italian, diminutive of corno ‘horn’ (as CORNET1)]

corn exchange n. Brit.  a place for trade in corn [英]谷物交易市场

corn-factor n. Brit.  a dealer in corn [英]谷物商

cornfield /ˈkɔ:nfi:ld/ n.  a field in which corn is being grown 小麦田；玉米田；种植谷物的田地

cornflake /ˈkɔ:nfleik/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a breakfast cereal of toasted flakes made from maize flour 玉米片(常浸泡于牛奶中用作早餐) 2  a flake of this cereal (一片)玉米片

cornflour /ˈkɔ:nflaʊə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a fine-ground maize flour also called 亦称作 cornstarch 精磨玉米粉 2  a flour of rice or other grain 大米粉，谷粉

cornflower /ˈkɔ:nflaʊə/ n.  any plant of the genus Centaurea (composite family), often growing among corn, esp. C. cyanus, with deep blue flowers 矢车菊属植物(菊科，常生长于玉米田中，尤指矢车菊，开深蓝色花)

cornice /ˈkɔ:nis/ n.  1 Archit. 【建】  a  an ornamental moulding round the wall of a room just below the ceiling 檐口(室内墙壁顶部突出的装饰物)b  a horizontal moulded projection crowning a building or structure, esp. the uppermost member of the entablature of an order, surmounting the frieze (沿外墙修建的覆盖壁缘的)飞檐，檐板 2 Mountaineering  an overhanging mass of hardened snow at the edge of a precipice 【登山】雪檐(即冻结在悬崖边缘的冰雪块) □ corniced  adj.  □ cornicing  n.   [French corniche etc. from Italian cornice, perhaps from Latin cornix -icis ‘crow’: cf. CORBEL]

corniche /ˈkɔ:niʃ, kɔ:ˈni:ʃ/ n. (in full 全称 corniche road)  1  a road cut into the edge of a cliff etc. 沿峭壁(修筑)的路 2  a coastal road with wide views (视野开阔的)滨海路 [French: see CORNICE]

Cornish /ˈkɔ:niʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Cornwall in SW England, or its Brythonic language (英格兰西南部)康沃尔郡的；(康沃尔郡)布立吞语的 ●n.  the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall (康沃尔郡)古凯尔特语 □ Cornishman  n. (pl. -men)  

Cornish cream n.  clotted cream 康沃尔浓缩奶油

Cornish pasty n.  a pasty containing seasoned meat and vegetables 康沃尔菜肉馅饼

corn marigold n.  a daisy-like yellow-flowered plant, Chrysanthemum segetum, growing amongst corn 珍珠菊(生长在玉米田中的一种似雏菊的黄花菊属植物)

corn on the cob n.  maize cooked and eaten from the corn cob 煮嫩玉米

cornrows /ˈkɔ:nrəʊz/ n. pl.  a style of braiding the hair, esp. among blacks, in which the hair is parted into rows and plaited tightly in geometric ribbing (尤指黑人的)“玉米垄”发式，梳成一排排辫子的发式

corn salad n.  = LAMB'S LETTUCE 

corn spurrey  see 见 SPURREY 

cornstarch /ˈkɔ:nstɑ:tʃ/ n.  = CORNFLOUR 1 

cornstone /ˈkɔ:nstəʊn/ n. Brit. Geol.  a mottled red and green limestone usu. formed under arid conditions, esp. in the Devonian period [英]【地质】(尤指在泥盆纪干旱气候条件下形成的)玉米灰岩

cornucopia /kɔ:njʊˈkəʊpiə/ n.  1  a  a symbol of plenty consisting of a goat's horn overflowing with flowers, fruit, and corn 丰饶角饰(象征丰饶，常为满载花果和谷物的羊角)b  an ornamental vessel shaped like this 羊角形器皿 2  an abundant supply 丰盛，大量 □ cornucopian  adj.   [Late Latin from Latin cornu copiae ‘horn of plenty’]

corn whiskey n. US  whisky distilled from maize [美]玉米威士忌酒

corny /ˈkɔ:ni/ adj. (cornier, corniest)  1 colloq. [口]  a  trite 乏味的，陈腐的，老一套的b  feebly humorous 缺乏幽默的c  sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的d  old-fashioned; out of date 过时的；老式的 2  of or abounding in corn 谷物的；盛产谷物的 □ cornily  adv.  □ corniness  n.   [CORN1 + -Y1: sense 1 from the sense ‘rustic’]

corolla /kəˈrɒlə/ n. Bot.  a whorl or whorls of petals forming the inner envelope of a flower 【植】花冠 [Latin, diminutive of corona ‘crown’]

corollary /kəˈrɒləri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved 系，系定理b  an immediate deduction 直接推论，直接推断 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a natural consequence or result 必然结果，后果 ●adj.  1  supplementary, associated 补充的，伴随的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  forming a corollary 构成推论的 [Middle English from Latin corollarium ‘money paid for a garland, gratuity’, neut. adj. from COROLLA used as a noun]

corona1 /kəˈrəʊnə/ n. (pl. coronae /-ni:/)  1  a  a small circle of light round the sun or moon 华(指日华、月华)b  the rarefied gaseous envelope of the sun, seen as an irregularly shaped area of light around the moon's disc during a total solar eclipse 日冕(太阳的稀薄气体包层，日全食时看到的月球周围的一块不规则区域) 2  a circular chandelier hung from a roof (屋顶上的)环形吊灯 3 Anat.  a crown or crownlike structure 【解】(人体的)冠状部位 4 Bot.  a crownlike outgrowth from the inner side of a corolla 【植】副花冠 5 Archit.  a broad vertical face of a cornice, usu. of considerable projection 【建】檐板，挑檐滴水板 6 Electr.  the glow around a conductor at high potential 【电】电晕，电晕放电 [Latin, = crown]

corona2 /kəˈrəʊnə/ n.  a long cigar with straight sides 花冠雪茄烟 [Spanish La Corona ‘the crown’, originally a proprietary name]

coronach /ˈkɒrənək, -x/ n. Sc. & Ir.  a funeral song or dirge [苏格兰和爱尔兰]挽歌，哀乐 [Irish coranach, Gaelic corranach, from comh- ‘together’ + rɑˋnach ‘outcry’]

coronagraph /kəˈrəʊnəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for observing the sun's corona, esp. other than during a solar eclipse (尤指非日全食时观察日冕用的)日冕仪

coronal1 /kəˈrəʊn(ə)l, ˈkɒr(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1 Astron. & Bot.  of a corona 【天】日冕的；【植】花冠的 2 Anat.  of the crown of the head 【解】额骨的；冠状缝的 [French coronal or Latin coronalis (as CORONA1)]

coronal2 /ˈkɒr(ə)n(ə)l/ n.  1  a circlet (esp. of gold or gems) for the head (尤指用黄金或宝石制作的)冠 2  a wreath or garland 花环，花冠 [Middle English, apparently from Anglo-French from corone CROWN]

coronal bone n.  the frontal bone of the skull 额骨

coronal plane n.  an imaginary plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts (设想把人体分为背部和腹部的)冠状平面

coronal suture n.  a transverse suture of the skull separating the frontal bone from the parietal bones (把额骨和顶骨分开的)冠状缝

coronary /ˈkɒr(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. Anat.  resembling or encircling like a crown, esp. denoting or involving the arteries which supply blood to the heart 【解】冠状的(尤指心脏冠状动脉的) ●n. (pl. -ies)  = CORONARY THROMBOSIS  [Latin coronarius from corona ‘crown’]

coronary thrombosis n.  a blockage of the blood flow caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery 冠状动脉血栓

coronation /kɒrəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign's consort (君主或其配偶的)加冕典礼 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin coronatio -onis, from coronare ‘to crown’ from CORONA1]

coroner /ˈkɒr(ə)nə/ n.  1  an officer of a county, district, or municipality, holding inquests on deaths thought to be violent or accidental, and Brit. inquiries in cases of treasure trove 验尸官；[英] (物主不明财宝的)查验官 2 hist.  an officer charged with maintaining the rights of the private property of the Crown [史义]王室私产管理官 □ coronership  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French cor(o)uner, from coro(u)ne CROWN]

coronet /ˈkɒr(ə)nit/ n.  1  a small crown (esp. as worn, or used as a heraldic device, by a peer or peeress) (尤指王子和贵族用作纹章饰物的)小冠冕 2  a circlet of precious materials, esp. as a woman's headdress or part of one (用贵重物品制作的)环状饰物；(尤指妇女的)冠状头饰 3  a garland for the head (戴在头上的)花环 4  the lowest part of a horse's pastern (马的)蹄冠 5  a ring of bone at the base of a deer's antler (鹿角根部的)骨质角瘤 □ coroneted  adj.   [Old French coronet(t)e, diminutive of corone CROWN]

corozo /kəˈrəʊzəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any of various palm trees native to S. America 象牙棕榈树(原产于南美洲) [Spanish, variant of dialect carozo ‘fruit-stone, core’]

corozo-nut n.  = IVORY-NUT 

Corp. abbr. [缩略]  1  Corporal  2 US [美]  Corporation 

corpora pl.  of CORPUS  

corporal1 /ˈkɔ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  1  a non-commissioned army or air force officer ranking next below sergeant (陆军或空军无军衔的)下士 2 (in full 全称 ship's corporal) Brit.  an officer under the master-at-arms, attending to police matters [英] (英国海军舰船的)纠察长助理 3 US [美]  = FALLFISH  [obsolete French, variant of caporal, from Italian caporale, probably from Latin corporalis (as CORPORAL2), confused with Italian capo ‘head’]

corporal2 /ˈkɔ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the human body (cf. 参见 CORPOREAL 1) 人体的，身体的 □ corporally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin corporalis, from corpus -oris ‘body’]

corporal3 /ˈkɔ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  a cloth on which the vessels containing the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the Eucharist (圣餐仪式时在上面摆放圣餐杯的)圣餐布 [Old English from Old French corporal or medieval Latin corporale pallium ‘body cloth’ (as CORPORAL2)]

corporality /kɔ:pəˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  material existence 物质存在，物质性 2  a body 人体，肉体 [Middle English from Late Latin corporalitas (as CORPORAL2)]

corporal punishment n.  punishment inflicted on the body, esp. by beating 体罚，肉刑(尤指)

corporate /ˈkɔ:p(ə)rət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  forming a corporation 结成社团的，合伙的  corporate body  法人团体 body corporate  法人团体 2  forming one body of many individuals 团体的 3  of or belonging to a corporation or group 集体的，共同的  corporate responsibility  共同责任 4  corporative 组合主义的，社团主义的 ●n.  a large industrial corporation 大型产业公司 □ corporately  adv.  □ corporatism  n.  □ corporatist  adj.   [Latin corporare corporat- ‘form into a body’ from corpus -oris ‘body’]

corporate raider n. esp. US  a person who mounts an unwelcome takeover bid by buying up a company's shares on the stock market, esp. one who makes a practice of doing so [尤美]劫掠公司者(尤指经常通过在股市上大量买进某公司的股票而企图将其接管的人)

corporation /kɔ:pəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a group of people authorized to act as an individual and recognized in law as a single entity, esp. in business (尤指企业的)法人团体；总公司 2 Brit.  the municipal authorities of a borough, town, or city [英] (区、镇、市的)市政当局 3 joc.  a protruding stomach [诙]大肚子，大肚皮 [Late Latin corporatio (as CORPORATE)]

corporative /ˈkɔ:p(ə)rətiv/ adj.  1  of a corporation 社团的，法人的 2  governed by or organized in corporations, esp. of employers and employed 组合主义的，社团主义的 □ corporativism  n.  

corporeal /kɔ:ˈpɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  bodily, physical, material, esp. as distinct from spiritual (cf. 参见 CORPORAL2) 肉体的，身体的；(尤指区别于精神的)物质的 2 Law  consisting of material objects 【法律】物质的，有形的 □ corporeality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  肉体存在，形体存在；物质性□ corporeally  adv.   [Late Latin corporealis from Latin corporeus, from corpus -oris ‘body’]

corporeity /kɔ:pəˈri:iti, -ˈreiiti/ n.  1  the quality of being or having a material body 有形体性，形体存在，物质性 2  bodily substance 身体 [French corporéité or medieval Latin corporeitas, from Latin corporeus (as CORPOREAL)]

corposant /ˈkɔ:pəzænt/ n.  a luminous electrical discharge sometimes seen on a ship or aircraft during a storm (see 见 ST ELMO'S FIRE) (暴风雨中轮船或飞机出现的)电击发光，天电光球 [Old Spanish, Portuguese, Italian corpo santo ‘holy body’]

corps /kɔ:/ n. (pl. corps /kɔ:z/)  1 Mil. 【军】  a  a body of troops with special duties 特种部队，特殊兵种  intelligence corps  情报部队 Royal Army Medical Corps  英国皇家陆军医疗队b  a main subdivision of an army in the field, consisting of two or more divisions 军(由两个或多个师组成) 2  a body of people engaged in a special activity (从事某种特殊活动的)集体，团，队  diplomatic corps  外交使团 press corps  记者团 [French (as CORPSE)]

corps de ballet /ˌkɔ: də ˈbælei/ n.  the company of ensemble dancers in a ballet (芭蕾舞团的)伴舞队 [French]

corps diplomatique /kɔ: dipləmæˈti:k, 法 kɔr diplɔmɑtik/ n.  a diplomatic corps 外交使团 [French]

corps d'élite /kɔ: deiˈli:t, 法 kɔr delit/ n.  a select group 精选的一队骨干；精锐部队 [French]

corpse /kɔ:ps/ n. & v. ●n.  a dead (usu. human) body (通常指人的)尸体，死尸 ●v. Theatr. slang 【戏】[俚语]  1 intr.  spoil a piece of acting by forgetting one's lines, laughing, etc. 演砸(指演出时忘词或笑出声来等) 2 tr.  a  confuse (an actor) in the performance of his or her part. 使演员(演出时)出丑，演砸b  spoil (a piece of acting) by some blunder (出大错)使演出砸锅，演砸 [Middle English corps, variant spelling of cors (CORSE), via Old French cors from Latin corpus ‘body’]

corpse-candle n.  1  a lambent flame seen in a churchyard or over a grave, regarded as an omen of death (迷信者认为预示死亡的)鬼火，磷火 2  a lighted candle placed beside a corpse before burial (安葬前)点燃在尸体旁的蜡烛

corpulent /ˈkɔ:pjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  bulky in body; fat (身体)粗壮的；肥胖的 □ corpulence  n.  □ corpulency  n.   [Middle English from Latin corpulentus, from corpus ‘body’]

corpus /ˈkɔ:pəs/ n. (pl. corpora /ˈkɔ:pərə/ or corpuses)  1  a body or collection of writings, texts, spoken material, etc. (作品、讲话材料等的)文集，全集，汇编 2 Anat.  a distinctive structure of some kind in a human or animal body 【解】(人或动物体内的)体，特殊结构 [Middle English from Latin, = body]

corpus callosum /ˌkɔ:pəs kəˈləʊsəm/ n. Anat.  a broad band of nerve fibres joining the two hemispheres of the brain 【解】胼胝体(指联结大脑两半球的神经纤维组织) [modern Latin from CORPUS + callosus, -um ‘tough’]

Corpus Christi /ˌkɔ:pəs ˈkristi/ n.  a feast commemorating the Eucharist, observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday 基督圣体节(三一节后的第 1 个星期四) [Middle English from Latin, = Body of Christ]

corpuscle /ˈkɔ:pʌs(ə)l/ n.  1  a minute body or cell in an organism, esp. (in pl.) the red or white cells in the blood of vertebrates (有机体内的)细胞，小体；(尤用复数，脊椎动物的)红(白)血球 2 hist.  a minute particle regarded as the basic constituent of matter, light, etc. [史义]微粒(被认为是构成物质、光等基本成分) □ corpuscular  /kɔ:ˈpʌskjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin corpusculum (as CORPUS)]

corpus delicti /ˌkɔ:pəs diˈliktai/ n. Law  the facts and circumstances constituting a breach of a law 【法律】犯罪事实 [Latin, = body of offence]

corpus luteum /ˌkɔ:pəs ˈlu:tiəm/ n. Anat.  a hormone-secreting structure developed in the ovary after discharge of the ovum, degenerating after a few days unless pregnancy has begun 【解】黄体(卵巢排卵后形成的一种激素分泌组织，若不受孕，数日后便会蜕化掉) [modern Latin, from CORPUS + luteus, -um ‘yellow’]

corral /kəˈrɑ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 N. Amer.  a pen for cattle, horses, etc. [北美] (牛、马等的)畜栏 2  an enclosure for capturing wild animals (捕捉野兽的)围栏 3 esp. US hist.  a defensive enclosure of wagons in an encampment [尤美史义] (用于营地防御目的)车阵 ●v. tr. (corralled, corralling)  1  put or keep in a corral 把…关进(或赶入)围栏 2  form (wagons) into a corral 用(车辆)围成车阵 3 N. Amer. colloq.  gather in; acquire [北美口]收割；获得 [Spanish & Old Portuguese (as KRAAL)]

corrasion /kəˈreiʒ(ə)n/ n. Geol.  erosion of the earth's surface by rock material being carried over it by water, ice, etc. 【地质】(由于水、冰等夹带砂石而造成地表土壤的)侵蚀，水蚀 [Latin corradere corras- ‘scrape together’ (as COM-, radere ‘scrape’)]

correct /kəˈrekt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  true, right, accurate 正确的，对的，准确的 2 (of conduct, manners, etc.) proper, right (品行、举止等)恰当的，端正的 3  in accordance with good standards of taste etc. 得体的，符合一般准则的 ●v. tr.  1  set right; amend (an error, omission, etc., or the person responsible for it) 改正，纠正(错误、遗漏等) 2  mark the errors in (written or printed work etc.) 批改(作业)；修改(校样) 3  substitute the right thing for (the wrong one) 更正，矫正(错误的事物) 4  a  admonish or rebuke (a person) 警告，告诫，责备(某人)b  punish (a person or fault) 惩治，惩罚(人或过错) 5  counteract (a harmful quality) 抵消，中和(有害性) 6  adjust (an instrument etc.) to function accurately or accord with a standard 校正，校准(仪器等) □ correctable  adj.  □ correctly  adv.  □ correctness  n.   [Middle English (the adj. via French) from Latin corrigere correct- (as COM-, regere ‘guide’)]

correction /kəˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of correcting 改正，纠正；修改；校正b  an instance of this 改正(或纠正)的实例 2  a thing substituted for what is wrong 更正物，矫正物 3 archaic  punishment [古义]惩治，惩罚  house of correction  感化院 □ correctional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin correctio -onis (as CORRECT)]

correction fluid n.  a usu. white liquid that is painted over a typed or written error leaving a blank space for typing or writing afresh (打字或书写的)修正液，改正液

correctitude /kəˈrektitju:d/ n.  correctness, esp. conscious correctness of conduct (行为的)端正，得体，合适 [19th c., from CORRECT + RECTITUDE]

corrective /kəˈrektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving or tending to correct or counteract something undesired or harmful 改正的，纠正的，校正的，矫正的；抵消不良(或有害)影响的 ●n.  a corrective measure or thing 改正(纠正)措施；纠正物，矫正物 □ correctively  adv.   [French correctif -ive or Late Latin correctivus (as CORRECT)]

corrector /kəˈrektə/ n.  a person who corrects or points out faults 纠正(或指出)错误者 [Middle English from Anglo-French correctour from Latin corrector (as CORRECT)]

correlate /ˈkɒrəleit, -ril-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with, to)  have a mutual relation 相关，关联 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  bring into a mutual relation 使相互关联 ●n.  each of two related or complementary things (esp. so related that one implies the other) 相关的事物，互为补充的事物 [back-formation from CORRELATION, CORRELATIVE]

correlation /kɒrəˈleiʃ(ə)n, -ri-/ n. (also 亦作 corelation /kəʊri-/)  1  a mutual relation between two or more things 相互关系，联系 2  a  interdependence of variable quantities (变量间的)相互依存，关联作用b  a quantity measuring the extent of this 相关量 3  the act of correlating 关联，相关 □ correlational  adj.   [medieval Latin correlatio (as CORRELATIVE)]

correlative /kəˈrelətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  having a mutual relation 相关的，互相关联的 2 Gram. (of words) corresponding to each other and regularly used together (as neither and nor) 【语法】(词语)关联的，一起使用的(如 neither 和 nor) ●n.  a correlative word or thing 关联词，关联物 □ correlatively  adv.  □ correlativity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [medieval Latin correlativus (as COM-, RELATIVE)]

correspond /kɒriˈspɒnd/ v. intr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be analogous or similar 相似，类似b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  agree in amount, position, etc. (数量或地位等)相当，相配，相称c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to)  be in harmony or agreement 相符合，一致 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  communicate by interchange of letters 通信 □ correspondingly  adv.   [French correspondre from medieval Latin correspondere (as COM-, RESPOND)]

correspondence /kɒriˈspɒnd(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to, between)  agreement, similarity, or harmony 符合，一致；相当，类似 2  a  communication by letters 通信，通信联系b  letters sent or received 信件，函件 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin correspondentia (as CORRESPOND)]

correspondence college n. (also 亦作 correspondence school)  a college conducting correspondence courses 函授大学

correspondence column n. Brit.  the part of a newspaper etc. that contains letters from readers [英] (报纸等的)读者来信专栏

correspondence course n.  a course of study conducted by post 函授课程

correspondent /kɒriˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who writes letters to a person or a newspaper, esp. regularly (尤指定期的)通信者 2  a person employed to contribute material for publication in a periodical or for broadcasting (报纸或电台的)通讯员，记者  our chess correspondent  我们的棋赛通讯记者 the BBC's Moscow correspondent  BBC 驻莫斯科记者 3  a person or firm having regular business relations with another, esp. in another country (尤指与国外)有商业关系的人(或公司) ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with) archaic  corresponding [古义]符合的，一致的 [Middle English from Old French correspondant or medieval Latin (as CORRESPOND)]

corresponding member n.  an honorary member of a learned society etc. with no voice in the society's affairs 通讯会员(指学术社团的荣誉会员，对社团事务无发言权)

corrida /kɔ:ˈri:də/ n.  1  a bullfight (一次)斗牛比赛 2  bullfighting 斗牛比赛 [Spanish corrida de toros ‘running of bulls’]

corridor /ˈkɒridɔ:/ n.  1  a passage from which doors lead into rooms (originally an outside passage connecting parts of a building, now usu. a main passage in a large building) 走廊；(连接建筑物各部分的)室外过道 2 Brit.  a passage in a railway carriage from which doors lead into compartments [英] (列车包厢外的)车厢走廊 3  a strip of the territory of one state passing through that of another, esp. securing access to the sea 走廊地带(指一国领土穿越他国领土以取得出海通道的狭长地带) 4  a route to which aircraft are restricted, esp. over a foreign country (尤指飞机在国外的)指定航路，空中走廊 5  a major route on which traffic is concentrated 交通干道  the M4 corridor  4 号军用交通干道 [French from Italian corridore ‘corridor’ (for corridojo ‘running-place’) from correre ‘run’, by confusion with corridore ‘runner’]

corridors of power n. pl.  places where covert influence is said to be exerted in government 权力走廊(指政府里暗中左右决策的权力中心)

corrie /ˈkɒri/ n. esp. Sc.  a circular hollow on a mountainside; a cirque [尤苏格兰]山侧圆形凹地；冰坑，冰斗 [Gaelic coire ‘cauldron’]

corrigendum /kɒriˈdʒendəm/ n. (pl. corrigenda /-də/)  a thing to be corrected, esp. an error in a printed book 有待改正的东西；(尤指印刷书籍中)应改正的错误，勘误表 [Latin, neut. gerundive of corrigere: see CORRECT]

corrigible /ˈkɒridʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being corrected 可改正的，可纠正的 2 (of a person) submissive; open to correction (指人)俯首帖耳的；愿意改造的，可改造的 □ corrigibly  adv.   [Middle English via French from medieval Latin corrigibilis (as CORRECT)]

corroborate /kəˈrɒbəreit/ v. tr.  confirm or give support to (a statement or belief, or the person holding it), esp. in relation to witnesses in a law court 证实，支持(某种说法或信念等)；(尤指证人在法庭上)证实，确证 □ corroboration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ corroborative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ corroborator  n.  □ corroboratory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin corroborare ‘strengthen’ (as COM-, roborare from robur -oris ‘strength’)]

corroboree /kəˈrɒbəri/ n.  1  a festive or warlike dance-drama with song of Australian Aboriginals (澳洲土著庆祝节日的)歌舞会 2  a noisy party 狂欢会；喧闹 [Dharuk garabari, a style of dancing]

corrode /kəˈrəʊd/ v.  1  a tr.  wear away, esp. by chemical action (尤指通过化学作用)腐蚀，侵蚀b intr.  be worn away; decay 受腐蚀，腐烂 2 tr.  destroy gradually 逐渐毁坏，损坏  optimism corroded by recent misfortunes  被近来的不幸破坏了的乐观情绪 □ corrodible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin corrodere corros- (as COM-, rodere ‘gnaw’)]

corrosion /kəˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of corroding, esp. of a rusting metal (尤指生锈金属的)腐蚀，侵蚀 2  a  damage caused by corroding 腐蚀造成的损坏b  a corroded area 腐蚀的部位

corrosive /kəˈrəʊsiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to corrode or consume 腐蚀的，腐蚀性的 ●n.  a corrosive substance 腐蚀剂 □ corrosively  adv.  □ corrosiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French corosif -ive (as CORRODE)]

corrosive sublimate n.  mercuric chloride, a poisonous acid substance, used as a fungicide, antiseptic, etc. (用作杀菌剂、防腐剂等的)氯化汞，升汞

corrugate /ˈkɒrʊɡeit/ v.  1 tr. (esp. as 尤作 corrugated adj.)  form into alternate ridges and grooves, esp. to strengthen (尤指为加固而)使起皱，使起波纹  corrugated iron  瓦楞铁 corrugated paper  瓦楞纸 2 tr. & intr.  contract into wrinkles or folds 起皱，起波纹 □ corrugation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin corrugare (as COM-, rugare from ruga ‘wrinkle’)]

corrugator /ˈkɒrʊɡeitə/ n. Anat.  either of two muscles that contract the brow in frowning 【解】皱眉肌 [modern Latin (as CORRUGATE)]

corrupt /kəˈrʌpt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  morally depraved; wicked 腐化堕落的，不道德的；邪恶的 2  influenced by or using bribery or fraudulent activity 接受贿赂的，腐败的；有欺诈行为的 3 (of a text, language, etc.) harmed (esp. made suspect or unreliable) by errors or alterations (文本、语言等)因讹误(或改动)而受害(尤指可信性受到怀疑)的 4  rotten 腐烂的，腐坏的 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become corrupt or depraved (使)腐蚀，(使)腐化；(使)堕落 2 tr.  affect or harm by errors or alterations (因讹误而)影响；(因改动而)损坏 3 tr.  infect, taint 使污浊，使腐烂 □ corrupter  n.  □ corruptible  adj.  □ corruptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ corruptive  adj.  □ corruptly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French corrupt or Latin corruptus, past part. of corrumpere corrupt- (as COM-, rumpere ‘break’)]

corruption /kəˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  moral deterioration, esp. widespread (尤指广泛的)腐化，堕落 2  use of corrupt practices, esp. bribery or fraud 腐化行为(尤指贿赂或舞弊) 3  a  irregular alteration (of a text, language, etc.) from its original state (文本、语言等)讹误，不合常规的改动b  an irregularly altered form of a word 讹用的词语 4  decomposition, esp. of a corpse or other organic matter (尤指尸体或其他有机物的)腐烂，腐坏 [Middle English from Old French corruption or Latin corruptio (as CORRUPT)]

corrupt practices n. pl.  fraudulent activity, esp. at elections (尤指选举中的)舞弊

corsac /ˈkɔ:sæk/ n. (also 亦作 corsak)  a fox, Vulpes corsac, of central Asia 沙狐(狐属动物，产于中亚地区) [Turkic]

corsage /kɔ:ˈsɑ:ʒ, ˈkɔ:sɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a small bouquet worn by a woman (妇女佩戴的)小束装饰花 2  the bodice of a woman's dress (上衣或连衣裙外面的)妇女紧身马甲 [Middle English from Old French, from cors ‘body’: see CORPSE]

corsair /ˈkɔ:sɛə/ n.  1  a pirate ship 海盗船 2  a pirate 海盗 3 hist.  a privateer, esp. of the Barbary Coast [史义] (尤指活动在巴巴里海岸的)私掠船 [French corsaire from medieval Latin cursarius, via cursus ‘inroad’ from currere ‘run’]

corsak var.  of CORSAC  CORSAC 的变体

corse /kɔ:s/ n. archaic  a corpse [古义]尸体，死尸 [variant of CORPSE]

corselet var.  of CORSLET , CORSELETTE CORSLET 和 CORSELETTE 的变体

corselette /kɔ:s(ə)ˈlet, ˈkɔ:s(ə)let/ n. (also 亦作 corselet)  a woman's foundation garment combining corset and brassiere (女用)紧身胸衣

corset /ˈkɔ:sit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close-fitting undergarment worn by women to support the abdomen (妇女用于捆束腰肚的)紧身内衣，紧身胸衣 2  a similar garment worn by men and women because of injury, weakness, or deformity (伤残或体弱者为治疗而穿的)围腰，紧身胸衣 ●v. tr. (corseted, corseting)  1  provide with a corset 给…穿紧身胸衣 2  control closely 严密控制，限制 □ corseted  adj.  □ corsetry  n.   [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of cors ‘body’: see CORPSE]

corsetière /ˈkɔ:sitjɛə/ n.  a woman who makes or fits corsets 紧身胸衣女裁缝 [French, fem. of corsetier (as CORSET, -IER)]

Corsican /ˈkɔ:sik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean under French rule (法属地中海岛屿)科西嘉的 ●n.  1  a native of Corsica 科西嘉人 2  the Italian dialect of Corsica 科西嘉方言(科西嘉人讲的一种意大利方言)

corslet /ˈkɔ:slit/ n. (also 亦作 corselet)  1  a garment (usu. tight-fitting) covering the trunk but not the limbs (通常为紧身的)胸衣 2 hist.  a piece of armour covering the trunk [史义]护身铠甲 [Old French corselet, diminutive of cors ‘body’: see CORPSE]

Cortes /ˈkɔ:tes, -z/ n.  the legislative assembly of Spain and formerly of Portugal (西班牙和旧时葡萄牙的)议会，国会 [Spanish & Portuguese, pl. of corte COURT]

cortex /ˈkɔ:teks/ n. (pl. cortices /-tiˌsi:z/)  1 Anat.  the outer part of an organ, esp. of the brain or kidneys 【解】(尤指大脑或肾脏的)皮质，皮层 (cerebral cortex 大脑皮层) (renal cortex 肾脏皮质) 2 Bot. 【植】  a  an outer layer of tissue immediately below the epidermis (表皮内的)皮层b  bark 树皮 □ cortical  /ˈkɔ:tik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin cortex, -icis ‘bark’]

corticate /ˈkɔ:tikeit/ adj. (also 亦作 corticated)  1  having bark or rind 有树皮的，有外皮的 2  barklike 树皮似的 [Latin corticatus (as CORTEX)]

corticosteroid /ˌkɔ:tikəʊˈstiərɔid, -ˈsterɔid/ n.  1  any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and concerned with regulation of salts and carbohydrates, inflammation, and sexual physiology 皮质甾类激素，皮质类固醇(即肾上腺皮质内产生的用于调节盐分、碳水化合物、炎症和性生理机能的一组甾类激素) 2  an analogous synthetic steroid 合成甾类化合物，类固醇

corticotrophic hormone /ˌkɔ:tikəʊˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒfik/ adj. (also 亦作 corticotropic hormone /-ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/)  = ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE 

corticotrophin /ˌkɔ:tikəʊˈtrəʊfin/ n. (also 亦作 corticotropin /-pin/)  = ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN 

cortisol /ˈkɔ:tisɒl/ n.  = HYDROCORTISONE 

cortisone /ˈkɔ:tizəʊn/ n. Biochem.  a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthetically, used medicinally esp. against inflammation and allergy 【生化】可的松(肾上腺皮质产生的或人工合成的甾类激素，尤用于消炎和抗过敏) [chemical name 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone]

cortège /kɔ:ˈteiʒ/ n.  1  a procession, esp. for a funeral (尤指送葬的)队伍，行列 2  a train of attendants 一队随员，一队侍从 [French from Italian corteggio, from corteggiare ‘attend court’]

corundum /kəˈrʌndəm/ n. Mineral.  extremely hard crystallized alumina, used esp. as an abrasive, and varieties of which, e.g. ruby and sapphire, are used for gemstones 【矿】刚玉，刚石，金刚砂(一种极其坚硬的晶体氧化铝，尤用作磨料，红宝石和蓝宝石等其他种类的刚玉则用作宝石饰物) [Tamil kurundam from Sanskrit kuruvinda ‘ruby’]

coruscate /ˈkɒrəskeit/ v. intr.  1  give off flashing light; sparkle 闪烁，闪耀 2  be showy or brilliant 炫耀，灿烂夺目 □ coruscation  /-ˈskeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin coruscare ‘glitter’]

corves pl.  of CORF  

corvette /kɔ:ˈvet/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a small naval escort vessel 轻型护卫舰 2 hist.  a flush-decked warship with one tier of guns [史义] (设有单排炮位的)平甲板战船 [French from Middle Dutch korf ‘kind of ship’ + diminutive -ETTE]

corvid /ˈkɔ:vid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a bird of the crow family, Corvidae 乌鸦(鸦科动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 乌鸦的，鸦科的 [modern Latin corvidae from Latin corvus ‘raven’]

corvine /ˈkɔ:vain/ adj.  of or like a raven or crow 乌鸦的，乌鸦似的 [Latin corvinus from corvus ‘raven’]

corvée /ˈkɔ:vei/ n.  1 hist.  a day's work of unpaid labour due to a lord from a vassal [史义]徭役(指封建主强迫农民承担的无偿劳动) 2  labour exacted in lieu of paying taxes (用于抵偿税款的)强征劳役 3  an onerous task 繁重的任务 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin corrogare ‘ask for, collect’ (as COM-, rogare ‘ask’)]

corybantic /kɒriˈbæntik/ adj.  wild, frenzied 狂乱的，狂暴的，疯狂的 [Corybantes, the priests of Cybele who performed wild dances (Latin from Greek Korubantes)]

corymb /ˈkɒrimb/ n. Bot.  a flat-topped cluster of flowers with the flower stalks proportionally longer lower down the stem 【植】伞房花序 □ corymbose  adj.   [French corymbe or Latin corymbus from Greek korumbos ‘cluster’]

coryphée /ˈkɒrifei/ n.  a leading dancer in a corps de ballet (芭蕾舞团伴舞队的)领舞演员 [French from Greek koruphaios ‘leader of a chorus’, from koruphē ‘head’]

coryza /kəˈraizə/ n.  a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose, caused e.g. by a cold or hay fever; a cold in the head (感冒或枯草热引起的)卡他性鼻炎，鼻伤风，鼻炎 [Latin from Greek koruza ‘running at the nose’]

cos1 /kɒs/ n.  a variety of lettuce with crisp narrow leaves forming a long upright head (长叶)直立莴苣 [Kōs (formerly Cos), the name of an island in the Aegean, where it originated]

cos2 /kɒz, kɒs/ abbr. [缩略]  cosine 

cos3 /kɒz, kəz/ conj. & adv. (also 亦作 'cos) colloq.  because [口]因为，由于 [abbreviation]

Cosa Nostra /ˈkəʊzə ˈnɒstrə/ n.  a US criminal organization resembling and related to the Mafia “我们的事业”(美国的一个秘密犯罪组织，与黑手党相似并有牵连) [Italian, = our affair]

cosec /ˈkəʊsek/ abbr. [缩略]  cosecant 

cosecant /kəʊˈsi:k(ə)nt, -ˈsek-/ n. Math.  the ratio of the hypotenuse (in a right-angled triangle) to the side opposite an acute angle; the reciprocal of sine 【数】(直角三角形中的)余割 [modern Latin cosecans and French cosécant (as CO-, SECANT)]

coseismal /kəʊˈsaizm(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to points of simultaneous arrival of an earthquake wave (地震波)同震的 ●n.  a straight line or a curve connecting these points 同震线，同震曲线 [CO- + SEISMAL (see SEISMIC)]

coset /ˈkəʊset/ n. Math.  a set composed of all the products obtained by multiplying on the right or on the left each element of a subgroup in turn by one particular element of the group containing the subgroup 【数】傍系；陪集 [CO- + SET2]

cosh1 /kɒʃ/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  a heavy blunt weapon (用作武器的)短棍，护身棒 ●v. tr.  hit with a cosh 用短棍打 [19th c.: origin unknown]

cosh2 /kɒʃ, kɒˈseitʃ/ abbr. Math.  hyperbolic cosine [缩略]【数】双曲余弦 [COS2 + h for hyperbolic]

co-signatory /kəʊˈsiɡnət(ə)ri/ n. & adj. (US [美] cosignatory) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person or state signing a treaty etc. jointly with others (协议等的)连署人；连署国 ●adj.  signing jointly 连署的，连名签署的

cosine /ˈkəʊsain/ n. Math.  the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the hypotenuse 【数】(直角三角形中的)余弦 [modern Latin cosinus (as CO-, SINE)]

cosmetic /kɒzˈmetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  intended to adorn or beautify the body, esp. the face (尤指面部)化妆用的，美容的 2  intended to improve only appearances; superficially improving or beneficial 装饰性的，装门面的；非实质性的  a cosmetic change  非实质性改变 3 (of surgery or a prosthetic device) imitating, restoring, or enhancing the normal appearance (外科或修复术器械)模仿的；修复的；整容的 ●n.  a cosmetic preparation, esp. for the face (尤用于面部的)化妆品，美容剂 □ cosmetically  adv.   [French cosmétique from Greek kosmētikos, via kosmeō ‘adorn’ from kosmos ‘order, adornment’]

cosmic /ˈkɒzmik/ adj.  1  of the universe or cosmos, esp. as distinct from the earth (尤指区别于地球的)宇宙的 2  of or for space travel (用于)宇宙航行的 □ cosmical  adj.  □ cosmically  adv.  

cosmic dust n.  small particles of matter distributed throughout space 宇宙尘

cosmic rays n. pl. (also 亦作 cosmic radiation)  radiation from space etc. that reaches the earth from all directions, usu. with high energy and penetrative power 宇宙射线(通常具有高能量和强穿透力的)

cosmogony /kɒzˈmɒɡəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the origin of the universe 宇宙起源，天体演化 2  a theory about this 宇宙起源学，天体演化学 □ cosmogonic  /-məˈɡɒnik/ adj.  □ cosmogonical  /-məˈɡɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cosmogonist  n.   [Greek kosmogonia, from kosmos ‘world’ + -gonia ‘-begetting’]

cosmography /kɒzˈmɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a description or mapping of general features of the universe 宇宙志，宇宙结构学 □ cosmographer  n.  □ cosmographic  /-məˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cosmographical  /-məˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from French cosmographie, or via Late Latin from Greek kosmographia (as COSMOS1, -GRAPHY)]

cosmology /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of the origin and development of the universe 宇宙学 2  an account or theory of the origin of the universe 宇宙起源理论 □ cosmological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cosmologist  n.   [French cosmologie or modern Latin cosmologia (as COSMOS1, -LOGY)]

cosmonaut /ˈkɒzmənɔ:t/ n.  a Russian astronaut (俄罗斯的)宇航员，航天员 [Russian kosmonavt, as COSMOS1, on the pattern of astronaut]

cosmopolis /kɒzˈmɒp(ə)lis/ n.  a cosmopolitan city 国际都市，世界性都市 [Greek kosmos ‘world’ + polis ‘city’]

cosmopolitan /kɒzməˈpɒlit(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or from or knowing many parts of the world 世界性的，全球各地的；(对世界各地)见多识广的b  consisting of people from many or all parts 由各国人组成的 2  free from national limitations or prejudices 无国界的；无民族偏见的 3 Ecol. (of a plant, animal, etc.) widely distributed 【态】(动植物等)广布的，遍生的 ●n.  1  a cosmopolitan person 世界主义者，四海为家者 2 Ecol.  a widely distributed animal or plant 【态】世界种(指遍生于世界各地的动植物) □ cosmopolitanism  n.  世界主义，世界性□ cosmopolitanize  v. tr. & intr. (使) (also 亦作 -ise) 国际化，(使)世界化 [COSMOPOLITE + -AN]

cosmopolite /kɒzˈmɒp(ə)lait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a cosmopolitan person 世界主义者，世界公民 2 Ecol. 【态】  = COSMOPOLITANn. 2  ●adj.  free from national attachments or prejudices 无国界的；无民族偏见的 [French from Greek kosmopolitēs, from kosmos ‘world’ + politēs ‘citizen’]

cosmos1 /ˈkɒzmɒs/ n.  1  the universe, esp. as a well-ordered whole (尤指视为和谐整体的)宇宙 2  a  an ordered system of ideas etc. (完整和谐的)思想体系b  a sum total of experience 经验总结 [Greek kosmos ‘order, ornament, world’]

cosmos2 /ˈkɒzmɒs/ n.  any plant of the genus Cosmos (daisy family), bearing single dahlia-like blossoms of various colours 雏菊科秋英属植物(花朵单瓣，色彩不一，似大丽花) [modern Latin, from Greek kosmos in the sense ‘ornament’]

COSPAR abbr.  Committee on Space Research [缩略]空间研究委员会

Cossack /ˈkɒsæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people of southern Russia, Ukraine, and Siberia, noted from late medieval times for their horsemanship and military skill 哥萨克人(居住在俄罗斯南部、乌克兰和西伯利亚，善于骑马作战) 2  a member of a Cossack military unit 哥萨克轻骑兵 ●adj.  of, relating to, or characteristic of the Cossacks 哥萨克人的；有哥萨克人特征的 [French cosaque via Russian kazak from Turkic, = vagabond]

cosset /ˈkɒsit/ v. tr. (cosseted, cosseting)  pamper 宠爱，溺爱；纵容 [dialect cosset = pet lamb, probably via Anglo-French coscet, cozet from Old English cotsœˉta ‘cottager’ (as COT2, SIT)]

cost /kɒst/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. cost)  1 tr.  be obtainable for (a sum of money); have as a price 使花费(金钱)；价钱为  what does it cost?  这东西值多少钱？ it cost me £ 50  这东西花了我 50 英镑 2 tr.  involve as a loss or sacrifice 使付出(代价)；使牺牲  it cost them much effort  此事耗费了他们许多精力 it cost him his life  那件事使他丧了命 3 tr. (past and past part. costed)  fix or estimate the cost or price of 确定…的价格；估计…的成本 4 colloq. [口]  a tr.  be costly to 付出高昂代价  it'll cost you  这会使你付出高昂代价的b intr.  be costly 花费(或代价)高昂 ●n.  1  what a thing costs; the price paid or to be paid 成本；价格，价钱 2  a loss or sacrifice; an expenditure of time, effort, etc. 损失；代价；牺牲；费用；花费 3 (in pl. 用复数)  legal expenses, esp. those allowed in favour of the winning party or against the losing party in a suit 诉讼费 □ at all costs (or at any cost)   no matter what the cost or risk may be 不惜任何代价，无论如何□ at cost   at the initial cost; at cost price 按成本(价格)□ at the cost of   at the expense of losing or sacrificing 以…为代价□ cost a person dear (or dearly)   involve a person in a high cost or a heavy penalty 使某人付出沉重代价□ to a person's cost   at a person's expense; with loss or disadvantage to a person 以某人的牺牲为代价；对某人不利，给某人带来损失 [Middle English from Old French coster, couster, coust, ultimately from Latin constare ‘stand firm, stand at a price’ (as COM-, stare ‘stand’)]

cost accountant n.  an accountant who records costs and (esp. overhead) expenses in a business concern 成本会计师 □ cost accounting  n.  成本会计

costal /ˈkɒst(ə)l/ adj.  of the ribs 肋骨的 [French via modern Latin costalis from Latin costa ‘rib’]

co-star /ˈkəʊstɑ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a cinema or stage star appearing with another or others of equal importance (电影或戏剧中与其他明星合作的)连袂主演者，联合主演者 ●v. (-starred, -starring)  1 intr.  take part as a costar (与其他明星)连袂主演，联合主演 2 tr. (of a production) include as a co-star (指影片等)由…连袂主演，由…联合主演

costard /ˈkɒstəd, ˈkʌst-/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a large ribbed variety of apple (有中脉的)大苹果 2 archaic joc.  the head [古义] [诙]头，脑袋 [Middle English via Anglo-French (from coste ‘rib’) from Latin costa]

Costa Rica   哥斯达黎加

Costa Rican /ˈkɒstəˈri:kən/ adj. & n.  哥斯达黎加的(人)

costate /ˈkɒsteit/ adj.  ribbed; having ribs or ridges 有肋骨的，有中脉的，有脊状突起的 [Latin costatus from costa ‘rib’]

cost-benefit attrib. adj.  designating or relating to a process that assesses the relation between the cost of an operation and the value of the resulting benefits 成本效益的  cost-benefit analysis  成本效益分析

cost clerk n. (also Brit. [亦英] costing clerk)  a clerk who records costs and expenses in a business concern 成本会计师，成本核算员

cost-conscious adj.  aware of cost or costs 有成本意识的

cost-cutting n.  the cutting of costs 降低成本 often 常作 attrib.: cost-cutting measures  降低成本的措施

cost-effective adj.  effective or productive in relation to its cost 成本效益好的；合算的，划算的 □ cost-effectively  adv.  □ cost-effectiveness  n.  

cost-efficient adj.  = COST-EFFECTIVE  □ cost-efficiency  n.  

coster /ˈkɒstə/ n. Brit. [英]  = COSTERMONGER  [abbreviation]

costermonger /ˈkɒstəmʌŋɡə/ n. Brit.  a person who sells fruit, vegetables, etc., in the street from a barrow [英] (沿街推车叫卖水果、蔬菜等的)小贩 [COSTARD + MONGER]

costing /ˈkɒstiŋ/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  1  the determination of the cost of producing or undertaking something 成本核算，成本会计 2  the cost so arrived at 核算出的成本

costing clerk var.  of COST CLERK  COST CLERK 的变体

costive /ˈkɒstiv/ adj.  1  constipated 便秘的；引起便秘的 2  niggardly 小气的，吝啬的 □ costively  adv.  □ costiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French costivé from Latin constipatus: see CONSTIPATE]

costly /ˈkɒs(t)li/ adj. (costlier, costliest)  1  costing much; expensive 昂贵的，代价高的 2  of great value 值钱的，贵重的 □ costliness  n.  

costmary /ˈkɒstmɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  an aromatic plant of the daisy family, Balsamita major, formerly used in medicine and for flavouring ale 艾菊(雏菊科芳香植物，曾入药或为麦芽酒调味) [Old English cost via Latin costum and Greek kostos from Arabic kust, an aromatic plant + (St) Mary (with whom it was associated in medieval times)]

cost of living n.  the level of prices esp. of the basic necessities of life (尤指最基本生活必需品的)生活费用

cost-plus attrib. adj.  designating or relating to a pricing system in which a fixed profit factor is added to cost incurred 成本加成的，成本加利润的

cost price n. Brit.  the price paid for a thing by a person etc. who later sells it [英]成本价格；购入价格

cost push n.  factors other than demand that cause inflation (引起通货膨胀的)成本增加因素，非需求因素

costume /ˈkɒstju:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a style or fashion of dress, esp. that of a particular place, time, or class (尤指某个特定地区、时期或阶层的)服装；服装式样 2  a set of clothes 成套服装 3  clothing for a particular activity (特殊场合穿的)服装  swimming costume  游泳衣，泳装 4  an actor's clothes for a part 戏装，道具 5 Brit.  a woman's matching jacket and skirt [英]女套装 ●v. tr.  provide with a costume 为…提供服装 [French via Italian from Latin consuetudo CUSTOM]

costume drama n.  a drama, esp. produced for television or the cinema, for which historical costume is worn 古装剧

costume jewellery n.  artificial jewellery worn to adorn clothes (缀于服装上的)人造珠宝饰物

costume play n. (also 亦作 costume piece)  a play in which the actors wear historical costume 古装戏

costumier /kɒˈstju:miə/ n. (also 亦作 costumer /-mə/)  a person who makes or deals in costumes, esp. for theatrical use (尤指戏装)服装制作商，服装经销商 [French costumier (as COSTUME)]

cosy /ˈkəʊzi/ adj., n. & v. (US [美] cozy) ●adj. (cosier, cosiest)  1  comfortable and warm; snug 舒适暖和的；安逸的 2 derog.  complacent; expedient, self-serving [贬]自满的，沾沾自喜的；谋求私利的 3  warm and friendly 亲密的，友好的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a cover to keep something hot, esp. a teapot or a boiled egg (尤指茶壶或煮鸡蛋的)保暖罩 2 Brit.  a canopied corner seat for two [英] (角落里的)双人有遮盖座位 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 along) colloq.  reassure, esp. deceptively [口] (尤指用假话蒙骗)使安心 □ cosy up to  US colloq. [美口]  1  ingratiate oneself with 讨…的欢心 2  snuggle up to 舒适地依偎□ cosily  adv.  □ cosiness  n.   [18th c. from Scots, of unknown origin]

cot1 /kɒt/ n.  1 Brit.  a small bed with high sides, esp. for a baby or very young child [英]幼儿床，小床 2  a hospital bed 病床 3 US  a small folding bed [美]小折叠床 4 Anglo-Ind.  a light bedstead [印英]轻便床架 5 Naut.  a kind of swinging bed hung from deck beams, formerly used by officers 【海】帆布吊床 [Anglo-Indian, from Hindi khɑˉt ‘bedstead, hammock’]

cot2 /kɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small shelter; a cote 遮盖物；棚，栏，槛  bell-cot  钟楼 sheep-cot  羊槛 2 poet.  a cottage [诗]村舍，小屋 ●v. tr. (cotted, cotting)  put (sheep) in a cot 把(羊)圈在槛里 [Old English from Germanic, related to COTE]

cot3 /kɒt/ abbr. Math. [缩略]【数】  cotangent 

cotangent /kəʊˈtændʒ(ə)nt/ n. Math.  the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the opposite side 【数】(直角三角形中的)余切

cot-case n.  a person too ill to leave his or her bed (卧床不起的)重病人

cot death n. Brit.  the unexplained death of a baby while sleeping [英]婴儿猝死

cote /kəʊt/ n.  a shelter, esp. for animals or birds; a shed or stall (尤指家畜、家禽的)棚，槛，栏  sheep-cote  羊槛 [Old English from Germanic, related to COT2]

coterie /ˈkəʊt(ə)ri/ n.  1  an exclusive group of people sharing interests (由兴趣相同的人构成的排外性的)小集团 2  a select circle in society 社交圈，界，阶层 [French, originally = association of tenants, ultimately from Middle Low German kote COTE]

coterminous /kəʊˈtɜ:minəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  having the same boundaries or extent (in space, time, or meaning) (空间、时间)同样广大的；(意义)同样广泛的 [CO- + TERMINUS + -OUS]

coth /kɒθ, kɒtˈeitʃ/ abbr. Math.  hyperbolic cotangent [缩略]【数】双曲余切 [COT3 + h for hyperbolic]

co-tidal line /kəʊˈtaid(ə)l/ n.  a line on a map connecting points at which tidal levels (as high tide or low tide) occur simultaneously (地图上的)同潮线

cotillion /kəˈtiljən/ n.  1  a French dance with elaborate steps, figures, and ceremonial 法国花式舞 2 US [美]  a  a ballroom dance resembling a quadrille (类似于方阵舞的)四对舞b  a formal ball 大型正式舞会 [French cotillon ‘petticoat’, diminutive of cotte from Old French cote COAT]

cotinga /kəˈtiŋɡə/ n.  a tropical American bird of the passerine family Cotingidae, often with brilliant plumage 伞鸟(一种往往羽毛鲜艳的伞鸟科雀形目鸟，产于热带美洲) [French from Tupi cutinga]

cotoneaster /kətəʊniˈæstə/ n.  a shrub of the genus Cotoneaster (rose family), bearing usu. bright red berries (蔷薇科)栒子属灌木(其浆果通常呈鲜红色) [modern Latin, from Latin cotoneum QUINCE + -ASTER]

cotta /ˈkɒtə/ n. Eccl.  a surplice-like garment usu. reaching just above the waist 【教会】(教士穿的)白色宽袖法衣 [Italian, from the Romanic base of COAT]

cottage /ˈkɒtidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small simple house, esp. in the country (尤指乡村的)农舍，村舍 2  a dwelling forming part of a farm establishment, used by a worker (农场工人居住的)小屋 3 slang  a public toilet [俚语]公共厕所 ●v. intr. slang  perform homosexual acts in public toilets [俚语] (在公共厕所)进行同性恋活动 □ cottagey  adj.  小屋的，村舍的 [Middle English via Anglo-French, cotag, Anglo-Latin cotɑˉgium, from COT2 or COTE]

cottage cheese n.  soft white cheese made from curds of skimmed milk without pressing 农家乳酪(一种脱脂的白色软干酪)

cottage garden n.  an informal garden well-stocked with colourful traditional hardy plants (大量种植传统耐寒植物的)农家花园

cottage hospital n. Brit.  a small hospital not having resident medical staff [英] (无住院医生的)乡村诊疗所

cottage industry n.  a business activity partly or wholly carried on at home 家庭手工业

cottage loaf n. Brit.  a loaf formed of two round masses, the smaller on top of the larger [英]农家面包(由大小两个面包相叠而成)

cottage pie n. Brit.  a dish of minced meat topped with browned mashed potato [英]农家馅饼(肉馅上覆土豆泥烘烤而成)

cottager /ˈkɒtidʒə/ n.  a person who lives in a cottage 村民；乡村小屋居住者

cottar /ˈkɒtə/ n. (also 亦作 cotter)  1 Sc. & hist.  a farm-labourer or tenant occupying a cottage in return for labour as required [苏格兰史义] (以劳动换取村舍居住权的)佃农，农场工人 2 Ir. hist. [爱尔兰史义]  = COTTIER 2  [COT2 + -ER1 (Scots -ar)]

cotter /ˈkɒtə/ n.  1  a bolt or wedge for securing parts of machinery etc. (机器等上固定机件用的)制销，销 2 (in full 全称 cotter pin)  a split pin that opens after passing through a hole 开尾销，扁销 [17th c. (related to earlier cotterel): origin unknown]

cottier /ˈkɒtiə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a cottager 村民；住乡村小屋者 2 hist.  an Irish peasant under cottier tenure [史义] (旧时爱尔兰通过投标定租的)佃户 [Middle English via Old French cotier from medieval Latin cotarius: related to COTERIE]

cottier tenure n. Ir. hist.  the letting of land in small portions at a rent fixed by competition [爱尔兰史义] (旧时爱尔兰实行的)投标定租制

cotton /ˈkɒt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a soft white fibrous substance covering the seeds of certain plants 棉，棉花 2  a (in full 全称 cotton plant)  a tropical or subtropical plant of the genus Gossypium (mallow family), grown for this fibre or for its seeds (热带或亚热带锦葵科棉属植物)棉株，棉树b  this plant as a crop 棉花作物 3  thread or cloth made from the fibre 棉线；棉布 4 (作 attrib.)  made of cotton 棉花制作的 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be attracted by (a person) 被(某人)所吸引 □ cotton on  (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  begin to understand [口]开始明白，领悟□ cotton to  US colloq.  begin to like [美口]开始喜欢，对…产生好感□ cottony  adj.  有绒毛的，起毛的；柔软的，棉花似的 [Middle English via Old French coton from Arabic kutn]

cotton cake n.  compressed cotton seed used as food for cattle (用作饲料的)棉籽饼

cotton candy n. N. Amer.  candyfloss [北美]棉花糖

cotton gin n.  a machine for separating cotton from its seeds 轧棉机，轧花机

cotton grass n.  any grasslike plant of the genus Eriophorum, with long white silky hairs 羊胡子草属植物(长有长长的丝状绒毛)

cotton-picking adj. N. Amer. slang  unpleasant, wretched [北美] [俚语]讨厌的，糟糕透顶的

cottontail /ˈkɒt(ə)nteil/ n.  any rabbit of the genus Sylvilagus, native to America, having a mainly white fluffy tail 棉尾兔属动物(原产于美洲，尾巴主要为白色，形似棉朵)

cotton waste n.  refuse yarn used to clean machinery etc. (擦机器等用的)废棉纱，回丝

cottonwood /ˈkɒt(ə)nwʊd/ n.  1  any of several poplars, native to N. America, having seeds covered in white cottony hairs 北美棉白杨，三角叶杨(原产于北美，种子上覆有白色绒毛) 2  any of several trees native to Australia, esp. a downy-leaved tree, Bedfordia salicina 澳洲棉白杨(原产于澳洲，尤指叶子下垂的棉白杨)

cotton wool n.  1 esp. Brit.  fluffy wadding of a kind originally made from raw cotton [尤英] (用原棉制作的)软填料，填絮，棉衬 2 US  raw cotton [美]原棉

cotyledon /kɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants (结实作物的)子叶 2  any succulent plant of the southern African genus Cotyledon or the European genus Umbilicus, esp. navelwort 非洲寇太来顿属多肉植物或欧洲脐景天属植物，尤指脐状瓦松 □ cotyledonary  adj.  □ cotyledonous  adj.   [Latin, = pennywort, from Greek kotulēdōn ‘cup-shaped cavity’ from kotulē ‘cup’]

coucal /ˈku:k(ə)l, ˈkʊkɑ:l/ n.  any ground-nesting bird of the genus Centropus, related to the cuckoos 褐翅鸦鹃属鸟类(杜鹃科，筑巢于地面) [French, perhaps from coucou ‘cuckoo’ + alouette ‘lark’]

couch1 /kaʊtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an upholstered piece of furniture for several people; a sofa (一种装有垫子的)软席，软榻；长沙发 2  a long padded seat with a headrest at one end, esp. one on which a psychoanalyst's subject or doctor's patient reclines during examination (接受疾病检查或心理分析者躺的)长榻，诊察台 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  express in words of a specified kind (用某种术语)表达  couched in simple language  用简单的措词来表达 2 tr.  lay on or as on a couch 把…置于长沙发上 3 intr.  a (of an animal) lie, esp. in its lair (动物)躺卧，趴下(尤指伏卧在洞穴中)b  lie in ambush 蹲伏，埋伏 4 tr.  lower (a spear etc.) to the position for attack 压低(长矛等)以刺杀 5 tr. Med.  treat (a cataract) by displacing the lens of the eye 【医】除去(白内障) [Middle English via Old French couche, coucher from Latin collocare (as COM-, locare ‘place’)]

couch2 /kaʊtʃ, ku:tʃ/ n. (in full 全称 couch grass)  any of several grasses of the genus Agropyron, esp. A. repens, having long creeping roots 冰草属植物(尤指匍匐冰草，有蔓生的长根) [variant of QUITCH]

couchant /ˈkaʊtʃ(ə)nt/ adj. (placed after noun 用于名词后) Heraldry (of an animal) lying with the body resting on the legs and the head raised 【纹章学】(动物)昂头蹲伏的 [French, pres. part. of coucher: see COUCH1]

couchette /ku:ˈʃet/ n.  1  a railway carriage with seats convertible into sleeping berths 坐卧两用火车车厢 2  a berth in this (列车的)坐卧两用铺位 [French, = little bed, diminutive of couche COUCH1]

couch potato n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a person who likes lazing at home, esp. watching television [尤北美] [俚语] (尤指终日泡在电视机前的)终日在家懒散者

coudé /ku:ˈdei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a telescope in which the rays are bent to a focus at a fixed point off the axis (望远镜)折轴反射的 ●n.  such a telescope 折轴望远镜 [French, past part. of couder ‘bend at right angles’ from coude ‘elbow’, from Latin cubitum]

cougar /ˈku:ɡə/ n. N. Amer.  a puma [北美]美洲狮 [French, representing Guarani guaçu ara]

cough /kɒf/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound produced by abrupt opening of the glottis, to remove an obstruction or congestion 咳，咳嗽 2 (of an engine, gun, etc.) make a similar sound (发动机、枪炮等)发咳嗽似的声响 3 Brit. slang  confess [英] [俚语]供认，坦白 ●n.  1  an act of coughing 咳，咳嗽 2  a condition of the respiratory organs causing coughing 咳嗽病 3  a tendency to cough 咳嗽的感觉 □ cough out   1  eject by coughing 咳出 2  say with a cough 咳嗽着说□ cough up   1  = cough out  2 colloq.  bring out or give (money or information) reluctantly [口]勉强说出，吐露(消息)；(不情愿地)支付钱财 [Middle English coghe, cowhe, related to Middle Dutch kuchen, Middle High German kūchen, of imitative origin]

cough drop n. (also 亦作 cough sweet)  a medicated lozenge for relieving a cough 止咳糖，止咳片

cough mixture n.  a liquid medicine for relieving a cough 止咳药水，止咳合剂

could past  of CAN1  

couldn't /ˈkʊd(ə)nt/ contr.  could not [缩合]不能

coulis /ˈku:li/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a fruit purée thin enough to pour 稀薄的水果酱 [French from couler ‘flow, run’]

coulisse /ku:ˈli:s/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Theatr.  a piece of side scenery or a space between two of these; the wings 【戏】侧面布景；舞台两侧布景之间的空地；侧翼，两翼 2  a place of informal discussion or negotiation 非正式商讨(或谈判)的场所 [French from coulis ‘sliding’: see PORTCULLIS]

couloir /ˈku:lwɑ:/ n.  a steep narrow gully on a mountainside (山坡上)陡峭狭窄的溪谷，冲沟 [French from couler ‘glide’: see COULÉE]

coulomb /ˈku:lɒm/ n. Electr.  the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere (symbol 符 C) 【电】库仑(电量单位) [named after C. A. de Coulomb, French physicist d. 1806]

coulometry /ku:ˈlɒmitri/ n. Chem.  a method of chemical analysis by measurement of the number of coulombs used in electrolysis 【化】库仑测定法，电量测定法 □ coulometric  /ku:ləˈmetrik/ adj.  

coulter /ˈkəʊltə/ n. (US [美] colter)  a vertical cutting blade fixed in front of a ploughshare (装在犁铧前面的)犁刀 [Old English from Latin culter]

coulée /ku:ˈlei, ˈku:li/ n.  1 Geol.  a stream of molten or solidified lava 【地质】熔岩流；(凝固的)熔岩流 2 N. Amer. dial.  a deep ravine [北美方]干河谷；深峡谷，深冲沟 [French, fem. past part. of couler ‘flow’, from Latin colare ‘strain, filter’]

coumarin /ˈku:mərin/ n. Chem.  an aromatic compound found in many plants and formerly used for flavouring food 【化】香豆素(旧时用作食品调味) [French coumarine ultimately from Tupi cumarú ‘substance from tonka beans’]

coumarone /ˈku:mərəʊn/ n. Chem.  an organic compound present in coal tar and used in paints and varnishes 【化】香豆酮，苯并呋喃(一种存在于煤焦油中的有机化合物，用于油漆或清漆) [COUMARIN + -ONE]

coumarone resin n.  a thermoplastic resin formed by polymerization of coumarone 香豆酮树脂(一种用香豆酮聚合成的热塑树脂)

council /ˈkaʊns(ə)l, -sil/ n.  1  a  an advisory, deliberative, or administrative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly (顾问、审议或管理)委员会b  a meeting of such a body 委员会会议 2 Brit. [英]  a  the elected local administrative body of a parish, district, town, city, or administrative county and its paid officers and workforce (教区、区市、镇、郡等的)政务委员会b (作 attrib.) (esp. of housing) provided by a local council (尤指住房)由地方政务会提供的  council flat  市镇统建公寓套间 council estate  市镇统建住房群 3  a body of persons chosen as advisers 顾问团  Privy Council  枢密院 4  an ecclesiastical assembly (基督教教会)会议  ecumenical council  (天主教教皇主持召开的)主教特别会议 [Middle English via Anglo-French cuncile from Latin concilium ‘convocation, assembly’ (as COM- + calare ‘summon’): cf. COUNSEL]

council chamber n. Brit.  a room in which a council meets [英] (政务会)议事室，会议室

council house n. Brit. [英]  1  a house owned and let by a local council 市镇统建住房 2  a building in which a council meets 市政厅，镇公所

councillor /ˈkaʊns(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] councilor)  an elected member of a council, esp. Brit. a local council or US a deliberative council 政务会委员，议员；[尤英] (地方政务会)政务委员；[美] (评议会)评议员 □ councillorship  n.   [Middle English, alteration of COUNSELLOR: assimilated to COUNCIL]

councilman /ˈkaʊns(ə)lmən, -sil-/ n. (pl. -men; fem. councilwoman, pl. -women) esp. US  a member of a council; a councillor [尤美] (市镇评议会)委员；评议员

council of war n.  1  an assembly of officers called in a special emergency (战时军事领导人举行的)军事会议 2  any meeting held to plan a response to an emergency (为制订计划而召开的)紧急会议

council tax n.  a tax levied by local authorities, based on the estimated value of a property and the number of people living in it, replacing the community charge from 1993 政务管理税(一种按照财产价值和人口征收的地方税)

counsel /ˈkaʊns(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  advice, esp. formally given (尤指正式的)忠告，劝告 2  consultation, esp. to seek or give advice 咨询，磋商(尤指征求意见) 3 (pl. same 单复同)  a barrister or other legal adviser; a body of these advising in a case 律师，法律顾问；律师团 4  a plan of action 计划，决策 ●v. tr. (counselled, counselling; US [美] counseled, counseling)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  advise (a person) 劝告(某人) 2  a  give advice to (a person) on social, psychological, or personal problems, esp. professionally (就社会、心理或个人问题向某人)提供(尤指专业性)建议b  assist or guide (a person) in resolving personal difficulties (在解决个人困难方面)协助(某人)，引导(某人) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 that)  recommend (a course of action) 建议(行动方向) □ keep one's own counsel   not confide in others 不相信别人□ take counsel  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  consult 商量，咨询 [Middle English via Old French c(o)unseil, conseiller from Latin consilium ‘consultation, advice’]

counselling /ˈkaʊns(ə)liŋ/ n. (US [美] counseling)  1  the act or process of giving counsel 咨询，咨询服务 2  the process of assisting and guiding clients, esp. by a trained person on a professional basis, to resolve esp. personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties (cf. 参见 COUNSEL v. 2a) (尤指就解决个人、社会或心理问题而为客户提供的专业性)咨询服务

counsellor /ˈkaʊns(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] counselor)  1  a person who gives counsel; an adviser 顾问 2  a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems (个人、社会或心理问题)咨询顾问  marriage guidance counsellor  婚姻问题咨询顾问 3  a senior officer in the diplomatic service (使馆的)参赞 4  a (also 亦作 counselor-at-law) US  a barrister [美]律师b (also 亦作 counsellor-at-law) Ir.  an advising barrister [爱尔兰]法律顾问 [Middle English from Old French conseiller (from Latin consiliarius), conseillour, -eur (from Latin consiliator): see COUNSEL]

counsel of despair n.  action to be taken when all else fails 孤注一掷的行动

counsel of perfection n.  1  advice that is ideal but not feasible 理想但不可行的建议 2  advice guiding towards moral perfection 追求完美道德的建议

count1 /kaʊnt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  determine the total number or amount of, esp. by assigning successive numbers 数，计数，清点数目(尤指连续地数数)  count the stations  清点车站的数目 2 intr.  repeat numbers in ascending order; conduct a reckoning 数数；计算 3  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in; often as 常作 counting prep.)  include in one's reckoning or plan 计算在内，包括在内  you can count me in  你可以把我计算在内 fifteen people, counting the guide  包括导游在内一共 15 人b intr.  be included in a reckoning or plan 被计算在内，被包括在内 4 tr.  consider (a thing or a person) to be (lucky etc.) 认为(某人或某物幸运等)  count no man happy until he is dead  认为活着的人谁都不幸福 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  have value; matter 有价值；很重要  his opinion counts for a great deal  他的观点很有价值 ●n.  1  a  the act of counting; a reckoning 数数；计算  after a count of fifty  数到 50 以后b  the sum total of a reckoning (计算出的)总数  blood count  血细胞计数，血球计数 pollen count  花粉统计，花粉计数 2 Law  each charge in an indictment 【法律】(起诉的)罪状  guilty on ten counts  10 条罪状 3  a count of up to ten seconds by a referee when a boxer is knocked down 数十(指拳击中一拳击手被击倒后裁判开始数 10 秒，若 10 秒钟之内不能站起，则判其失败) 4 Polit.  the act of counting the votes after a general or local election 【政】(选举后)计数选票 5  one of several points under discussion (讨论或研究的)事项，问题 6  the measure of the fineness of a yarn expressed as the weight of a given length or the length of a given weight (棉纱)支，支数 7 Physics  the number of ionizing particles detected by a counter 【物理学】(电离粒子的)计数 □ count against   be reckoned to the disadvantage of 被认为对…不利□ count one's blessings   be grateful for what one has 往好处想□ count one's chickens (before they are hatched)   be over-optimistic or hasty in anticipating good fortune 过于乐观；打如意算盘(小鸡还没孵出，先计算鸡数)□ count the cost   consider the risks before taking action; calculate the damage resulting from an action 事先考虑危险；事先考虑危害□ count the days (or hours etc.)   be impatient 急切等待，不耐烦□ count down   recite numbers backwards to zero, esp. as part of a rocket-launching procedure (尤指发射火箭前的)倒读数，倒计时□ count on (or upon)   depend on, rely on; expect confidently 指望，依靠；料想□ count out   1  count while taking from a stock 逐一数出，边数边往外拿 2  complete a count of ten seconds over (a fallen boxer etc.), indicating defeat 数十后判(被击倒的拳击手等)负 3 (in children's games) select (a player) for dismissal or a special role by use of a counting rhyme etc. (儿童游戏)用数数的歌谣等挑出(或剔除)游戏者 4 colloq.  exclude from a plan or reckoning [口]把…排除在外  I'm too tired, count me out  我太累了，别把我计算在内 5 Brit. Polit.  procure the adjournment of (the House of Commons) when fewer than 40 members are present [英]【政】(下院出席人数不足 40 人时)宣告休会□ count up   find the sum of 算出…的总数，共计□ keep count   take note of how many there have been etc. 数清…的数目，知道…的数目□ lose count   fail to take note of how many there have been etc.; forget the number noted in counting 没数清…的数目；忘了…的数目□ not counting   excluding from the reckoning (see sense 3a of the v. 见动词释义 3a) 不包括在内□ out for the count   1 Boxing  defeated by being unable to rise within ten seconds 【拳击】(未能在数十过程中站起而)被判失败的 2  a  defeated or demoralized 失败的；泄气的b  soundly asleep; unconscious 睡熟的；无知觉的□ take the count  Boxing  be defeated 【拳击】被判失败，被打败 [Middle English via Old French co(u)nter, co(u)nte from Late Latin computus, computare COMPUTE]

count2 /kaʊnt/ n.  a foreign noble corresponding to an earl (国外贵族相当于英国 earl 的)伯爵 □ countship  n.   [Old French conte from Latin comes comitis ‘member of the imperial retinue’]

countable /ˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be counted 可计数的

countable noun n. Gram.  a noun that can form a plural or be used with the indefinite article (e.g. 如 book 书本 , kindness 仁慈 , meaning ‘a kind act’ 表示“善行”) Cf. 参见 UNCOUNTABLE NOUN, MASS NOUN 【语法】可数名词(可构成复数形式，可与不定冠词连用)

countback /ˈkaʊntbæk/ n. Sport  a system of scoring in which the winner of a tied contest is the contestant with the better score in the later part 【运动】(比赛平局时的)加时赛

countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n.  1  a  the act of counting down, esp. at the launching of a rocket etc. (尤指发射火箭等时的)倒读数，倒计时b  the procedures carried out during this time 倒读数过程，准备过程 2  the final moments before any significant event (重大事件的)最后时刻

countenance /ˈkaʊnt(ə)nəns, -tin-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the face 脸，面孔b  the facial expression 面容，面部表情 2  composure 镇定，沉着，泰然自若 3  moral support (道义上的)支持，赞成 ●v. tr.  1  give approval to (an act etc.) 赞成，支持(某行为等)  cannot countenance this breach of the rules  不赞成这种违规行为 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  encourage (a person or a practice) 鼓励(某人或某种做法) □ change countenance   alter one's expression as an effect of emotion (因情感的影响而)变脸色□ keep one's countenance   maintain composure, esp. by refraining from laughter 保持沉稳，不动声色(尤指忍住不笑)□ keep a person in countenance   support or encourage a person 支持(或鼓励)某人□ lose countenance   become embarrassed 露出窘相，尴尬，局促不安□ out of countenance   disconcerted 仓皇失措，窘迫 [Middle English from Anglo-French c(o)untenance, Old French contenance ‘bearing’, from contenir: see CONTAIN]

counter1 /ˈkaʊntə/ n.  1  a  a long flat-topped fitment in a shop, bank, etc., across which business is conducted with customers (商店、银行等的)柜台b  a similar structure used for serving food etc. in a cafeteria or bar (自助餐厅或酒吧的)快餐柜台，售酒柜台c N. Amer. [北美]  = WORKTOP  2  a  a small disc used for keeping the score etc. esp. in table games (尤指台、桌游戏的)记分圆盘b  a token representing a coin 代币券c  something used in bargaining; a pawn 筹码；扣压物，人质  a counter in the struggle for power  权力斗争中的筹码 3  a  an apparatus used for counting 计数器，计算器b Physics  an apparatus used for counting individual ionizing particles etc. 【物理学】(电离粒子)计数器 4  a person who counts something 计数者 □ over the counter   by ordinary retail purchase (see also 另见 OVER-THE-COUNTER) 在商店购买，普通零售□ under the counter  (esp. of the sale of scarce goods) surreptitiously, esp. illegally (see also 另见 UNDER-THE-COUNTER) (尤指紧俏商品销售中非法的)暗中交易；偷偷摸摸进行 [Anglo-French count(e)our, Old French conteo(i)r, from medieval Latin computatorium (as COMPUTE)]

counter2 /ˈkaʊntə/ v., adv., adj. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  oppose, contradict 反对；抵消；反驳  countered our proposal with their own  针对我们的建议提出了他们的相反建议b  meet by a countermove 对抗，反击 2 intr.  a  make a countermove 采取对抗行动b  make an opposing statement 反驳  ‘I shall!’ he countered  “我会的！”他反驳说 3 intr. Boxing  give a return blow while parrying 【拳击】还击 ●adv.  1  in the opposite direction 反方向地，相反地  ran counter to the fox  与狐狸的方向背道而驰 2  contrary 矛盾地，对立地  his action was counter to my wishes  他的做法与我的愿望相矛盾 ●adj.  1  opposed; opposite 反对的；相反的 2  duplicate; serving as a check 复制的；用作对照标准的 ●n.  1  a parry; a countermove 对抗行动；还击 2  something opposite or opposed 对立面；起抵消作用的事物 □ act (or go) counter to   disobey (instructions etc.) 不遵守，违反(指示等)□ go (or Brit. [英] hunt or run) counter   run or ride against the direction taken by a quarry 与(猎物的方向)背道而驰□ run counter to   act contrary to 违背，违反 [Middle English via Old French countre from Latin contra ‘against’: see COUNTER-]

counter3 /ˈkaʊntə/ n.  1  the part of a horse's breast between the shoulders and under the neck (马的)前胸部 2  the curved part of the stern of a ship 船艉突出体，船的外侧艉端 3 Printing  a part of a printing type etc. that is completely enclosed by an outline 【印刷】字谷(铅字笔画间的凹进处) (e.g. the loop of P 如字母 P 的圆圈处) [17th c.: origin unknown]

counter4 /ˈkaʊntə/ n.  the back part of a shoe or a boot round the heel (皮鞋或皮靴)后跟部的鞋帮坚硬部分 [abbreviation of counterfort ‘buttress’]

counter- /ˈkaʊntə/ prefix denoting 表示 :  1  retaliation, opposition, or rivalry (counter-demonstration 反示威 ; counter-inflationary 反通货膨胀的) 报复；反；逆；对抗 2  opposite direction (counter-current 逆流，逆电流) 反方向 3  correspondence, duplication, or substitution (counterpart 合作对方，同行 ; countersign (文件等的)副署，会签) 对应；复制；代替 [from or suggested by Anglo-French countre-, Old French contre, from Latin contra ‘against’]

counteract /kaʊntərˈækt/ v. tr.  1  hinder or oppose by contrary action 抵制；对抗；阻碍 2  neutralize 中和，抵消 □ counteraction  n.  □ counteractive  adj.  

counter-attack /ˈkaʊnt(ə)rətæk/ n. & v. ●n.  an attack in reply to an attack by an enemy or opponent 反攻，反击，还击 ●v. tr. & intr.  attack in reply 反攻，反击，还击

counter-attraction /ˈkaʊnt(ə)rəˌtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a rival attraction 对抗性吸引力 2  the attraction of a contrary tendency 反引力

counterbalance n. & v. ●n. /ˈkaʊntəbæl(ə)ns/  1  a weight balancing another 平衡重，平衡块，砝码 2  an argument, force, etc., balancing another 均衡力，抵消力；驳斥的论点 ●v. tr. /kaʊntəˈbæl(ə)ns/  act as a counterbalance to 使平衡，抵消

counterblast /ˈkaʊntəblɑ:st/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an energetic or violent verbal or written reply to an argument etc. 有力驳斥，强烈反对

counterchange /ˈkaʊntətʃein(d)ʒ/ v.  1 tr.  change (places or parts); interchange 调换(位置或角色)；交换 2 tr. literary  chequer, esp. with contrasting colours etc. [文学用语]使斑驳，使成交错颜色 3 intr.  change places or parts 交换位置；调换角色 [French contrechanger (as COUNTER-, CHANGE)]

countercharge /ˈkaʊntətʃɑ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a charge or accusation in return for one received 反诉 ●v. tr.  make a countercharge against 提出反诉

countercheck /ˈkaʊntətʃek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a restraint that opposes something 抑制，克制b  a restraint that operates against another 遏制 2  a second check, esp. for security or accuracy 复查，复核 3 archaic  a retort [古义]反驳 ●v. tr.  make a countercheck on 抑制，遏制；复查，复核

counter-claim /ˈkaʊntəkleim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a claim made against another claim 反要求；反索赔 2 Law  a claim made by a defendant in a suit against the plaintiff 【法律】(被告对原告的)反诉 ●v. tr. & intr.  make a counter-claim (for) 提出反要求；提出反索赔，提出反诉

counter-clockwise /kaʊntəˈklɒkwaiz/ adv. & adj. N. Amer. [北美]  = ANTICLOCKWISE 

counter-culture /ˈkaʊntəkʌltʃə/ n.  a way of life etc. opposed to that usually considered normal (生活方式等)反正统文化，反文化

counter-espionage /kaʊntərˈespiənɑ:ʒ, -idʒ/ n.  action taken to frustrate enemy spying 反间谍活动

counterfeit /ˈkaʊntəfit, -fi:t/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (of a coin, writing, etc.) made in imitation; not genuine; forged (货币、笔迹等)仿造的，伪造的，假的 2 (of a claimant etc.) pretended (认领者)假装的，佯装的 ●n.  a forgery; an imitation 伪造物，膺品；仿制品 ●v. tr.  1  a  imitate fraudulently (a coin, handwriting, etc.); forge 仿造，伪造(货币、笔迹等)b  make an imitation of 仿制，仿造 2  simulate (feelings etc.) 假装，佯装(感情等)  counterfeited interest  假装感兴趣 3  resemble closely 非常相似，酷似 □ counterfeiter  n.   [Middle English via Old French countrefet, -fait, past part. of contrefaire, from Romanic (as CONTRA- + Latin facere ‘make’)]

counterfoil /ˈkaʊntəfɔil/ n. esp. Brit.  the part of a cheque, receipt, etc., retained by the person issuing it and containing details of the transaction [尤英] (支票、收据等的)存根，票根

counter-insurgency /kəʊnt(ə)rinˈsɜ:dzənsi/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  action against insurrection 反暴动的，反叛乱的  counter-insurgency operations  反叛乱的军事行动

counter-intelligence /kaʊnt(ə)rinˈtelidʒ(ə)ns/ n.  = COUNTER-ESPIONAGE 

counter-intuitive /kaʊnt(ə)rinˈtju:itiv/ adj.  contrary to intuition 反直觉的

counterirritant /kaʊnt(ə)rˈirit(ə)nt/ n.  1 Med.  something used to produce surface irritation of the skin, thereby counteracting more painful symptoms 【医】对抗刺激剂(用于产生皮肤表面刺激以减轻体内较重的疼痛症状) 2  anything resembling a counterirritant in its effects 对抗刺激物，减轻刺激的刺激 □ counterirritation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

countermand /kaʊntəˈmɑ:nd/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  revoke (an order or command) 取消，撤销(已发出的命令)b  recall (forces etc.) by a contrary order 召回，下令撤回(部队等) 2  cancel an order for (goods etc.) 取消(订货单) ●n.  an order revoking a previous one 收回成命，撤销命令 [Middle English via Old French contremander from medieval Latin contramandare (as CONTRA-, mandare ‘order’)]

countermarch /ˈkaʊntəmɑ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr. esp. Mil.  march or cause to march in the opposite direction, e.g. with the front marchers turning and marching back through the ranks 【军】向后转行进，朝反方向行进 ●n.  an act of countermarching 向后转行进，反方向行进

countermeasure /ˈkaʊntəmeʒə/ n.  an action taken to counteract a danger, threat, etc. (对危险、威胁等的)反措施，对策

countermine /ˈkaʊntəmain/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  a mine dug to intercept another dug by an enemy (对付敌方所挖地道的)对抗地道b  a submarine mine sunk to explode an enemy's mines (用于炸毁敌方水雷的)反水雷水雷 2  a counterplot 对抗策略，反计 ●v. tr.  make a countermine against 挖对抗地道；布反水雷水雷；设反计对付

countermove /ˈkaʊntəmu:v/ n. & v. ●n.  a move or action in opposition to another 相反动作，对抗行动 ●v. intr.  make a countermove 采用相反行动，采取对抗行动 □ countermovement  n.  反向运动

counter-offensive /ˈkaʊnt(ə)rəfensiv/ n.  1 Mil.  an attack made from a defensive position in order to effect an escape 【军】反攻，反击 2  any attack made from a defensive position 反击战

counterpane /ˈkaʊntəpein/ n.  a bedspread 床罩 [alteration (with assimilation to pane in obsolete sense ‘cloth’) from obsolete counterpoint, via Old French contrepointe (alteration of cou(l)tepointe) from medieval Latin culcita puncta ‘quilted mattress’]

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t/ n.  1  a  a person or thing extremely like another 极相似的人(或物)b  a person or thing forming a natural complement or equivalent to another 合作对方，同行；对应物 2 Law  one of two copies of a legal document 【法律】(法律文件的)副本，复本

counterpart fund n.  a sum of money in a local currency equivalent to goods or services received from abroad 对等基金(与从国外收到的货物或服务同等价值的国内货币金额)

counterplot /ˈkaʊntəplɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  a plot intended to defeat another plot 反计，对抗策略 ●v. (-plotted, -plotting)  1 intr.  make a counterplot 设反计，将计就计 2 tr.  make a counterplot against 设反计对付

counterpoint /ˈkaʊntəpɔint/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  the art or technique of setting, writing, or playing a melody or melodies in conjunction with another, according to fixed rules 对位声部，对位法；复调b  a melody played in conjunction with another 配合旋律 2  a contrasting argument, plot, idea, or literary theme, etc., used to set off the main element (论点、情节、文学等的)对比法 ●v. tr.  1 Mus.  add counterpoint to 【音】给(音乐)增添配合旋律 2  set (an argument, plot, etc.) in contrast to (a main element) 通过对比突出主题(即用论点、情节等的对比来衬托主题) [Old French contrepoint from medieval Latin contrapunctum ‘pricked or marked opposite’, i.e. to the original melody (as CONTRA-, pungere punct- ‘prick’)]

counterpoise /ˈkaʊntəpɔiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a force etc. equivalent to another on the opposite side 平衡力，抗衡力，抵消力 2  a state of equilibrium 均衡，平衡 3  a counterbalancing weight 衡重体，平衡锤，砝码 ●v. tr.  1  counterbalance 使均衡，抵消 2  compensate 补偿 3  bring into or keep in equilibrium 使平衡，使均衡 [Middle English from Old French contrepeis, -pois (n.), contrepeser (v.) (as COUNTER-, peis, pois from Latin pensum ‘weight’: cf. POISE1)]

counter-productive /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktiv/ adj.  having the opposite of the desired effect 适得其反的；事与愿违的

counterpunch /ˈkaʊntəpʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a punch or attack given in return; a boxer's counter 反击，迎击；(拳击手的)回击 ●v. intr.  make a counterpunch or counterpunches 进行反击，作出回击 □ counterpuncher  n.  

counter-reformation /ˌkaʊntərefəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (作 Counter-Reformation) hist.  the reform of the Church of Rome in the 16th and 17th centuries which took place in response to the Protestant Reformation [史义]反宗教改革 (16 至 17 世纪天主教会对抗新教改革运动的各项活动) 2  a reformation running counter to another (针对某种改革的)反改革

counter-revolution /ˌkaʊntərevəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  a revolution opposing a former one or reversing its results 反革命 □ counter-revolutionary  adj. & n. (pl. -ies)  

counterscarp /ˈkaʊntəskɑ:p/ n. Mil.  the outer wall or slope of a ditch in a fortification 【军】(防御工事壕沟的)外护墙，外崖 [French contrescarpe from Italian contrascarpa (as CONTRA-, SCARP)]

countershaft /ˈkaʊntəʃɑ:ft/ n.  an intermediate shaft driven by a main shaft and transmitting motion to a particular machine etc. (由主轴驱动并把动力传输给机器的)副轴，中间轴

countersign /ˈkaʊntəsain/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  add a signature to (a document already signed by another) 副署，会签(文件等) 2  ratify 批准，认可，确认 ●n.  1  a watchword or password spoken to a person on guard 口令 2  a mark used for identification etc. (用于识别等的)暗号，应答信号 □ counter-signature  /-ˈsiɡnətʃə/ n.  副署，会签；副署人的签名 [French contresigner (v.), contresigne (n.), from Italian contrasegno (as COUNTER-, SIGN)]

countersink /ˈkaʊntəsiŋk/ v. tr. (past and past part. -sunk)  1  enlarge and bevel the rim of (a hole) so that a screw or bolt can be inserted flush with the surface 扩钻(孔端)成埋头孔 2  sink (a screw etc.) in such a hole 把(螺钉等)装入埋头孔

counterstroke /ˈkaʊntəstrəʊk/ n.  a blow given in return for another 反击，还击

counter-tenor /kaʊntəˈtenə/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a  a male alto singing voice 男高音b  a singer with this voice 男高音歌手 2  a part written for counter-tenor 男高音唱段 [Middle English via French contre-teneur from obsolete Italian contratenore (as CONTRA-, TENOR)]

countertop /ˈkaʊntətɒp/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = WORKTOP 

counter-transference /kəʊntəˈtrænsf(ə)r(ə)ns, -ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n. Psychol. 【心】  1  the redirection of childhood emotions felt by an analyst towards a patient 反移情(指心理分析者所感受到的对病人童年情感的改变) 2  any emotion felt by an analyst towards a patient (心理分析者所感受到的对病人的)情感

countervail /kaʊntəˈveil/ v.  1 tr.  counterbalance 补偿，弥补 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  oppose forcefully and usu. successfully (通常指有力或成功地)对抗，抵消 [Middle English via Anglo-French contrevaloir from Latin contra valēre ‘be of worth against’]

countervailing duty n.  a tax put on imports to offset a subsidy in the exporting country or a tax on similar goods not from abroad 抵消关税，反补贴税(指对进口商品征收附加税以抵消出口国家的补贴，或者是对本国同类商品所征收的税)

countervalue /ˈkaʊntəvælju:/ n. Brit.  an equivalent value, esp. in military strategy [英]等值；(尤指军事战略上)打击社会财富

counterweight /ˈkaʊntəweit/ n.  a counterbalancing weight 平衡重，平衡锤，砝码

countess /ˈkaʊntis/ n.  1  the wife or widow of a count or an earl 伯爵夫人，伯爵遗孀 2  a woman holding the rank of count or earl 女伯爵 [Middle English via Old French contesse, cuntesse from Late Latin comitissa, fem. of comes COUNT2]

counting house /ˈkaʊntiŋ/ n.  a place where accounts are kept 会计室，账房

countless /ˈkaʊntlis/ adj.  too many to be counted 无数的，多得数不清的

count noun n. Gram. 【语法】  = COUNTABLE NOUN 

Count Palatine n. hist.  a high official of the Holy Roman Empire with royal authority within his domain [史义] (神圣罗马帝国时在领地内享有王权的)领主，伯爵

countrified /ˈkʌntrifaid/ adj. (also 亦作 countryfied) often derog.  rural or rustic, esp. of manners, appearance, etc. [常贬] (尤指举止、外表等)土里土气的，粗俗的 [past part. of countrify, from COUNTRY]

country /ˈkʌntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the territory of a nation with its own government; a state 国土，领土b  a territory possessing its own language, people, culture, etc. 国，国家 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  rural districts as opposed to towns or the capital 乡下，乡村，农村  a cottage in the country  乡间别墅 a country town  乡村小镇 3  the land of a person's birth or citizenship; a fatherland or motherland 祖国；故土，故乡，家乡 4  a  a territory, esp. an area of interest or knowledge (尤指兴趣或知识的)领域，范围b  a region associated with a particular person, esp. a writer (与名人、尤指作家有关的)区域，故乡  Hardy country  哈代笔下描写的地区 5  a national population, esp. as voters 全国人民，民众，(尤指)选民  the country won't stand for it  全国人民不会容忍这件事情的 □ across country   not keeping to roads 穿越田野□ go (or appeal) to the country  Brit.  test public opinion by dissolving Parliament and holding a general election [英] (为解散议会、举行大选)进行民意测验□ in the country  Cricket slang  far from the wickets; in the deep field 【板球】[俚语]远离三柱门□ line of country  Brit.  a subject about which a person is knowledgeable [英] (某人)所熟悉的学科□ unknown country   an unfamiliar place or topic 陌生的地方；不熟悉的领域 [Middle English via Old French cuntree from medieval Latin contrata(terra) ‘(land) lying opposite’ (as CONTRA)]

country and western n.  rural or cowboy songs originating in the US, and usu. accompanied by a guitar etc. 乡村与西部歌曲(源于美国南部及西部地区的一种流行歌曲，通常用吉它等伴奏)

country club n.  a sporting and social club in a rural setting 乡村(体育或社交)俱乐部

country cousin n. often derog.  a person with a countrified appearance or manners [常贬]乡巴佬，乡下人

country dance n.  a traditional sort of dance, esp. English, with couples facing each other in long lines 乡村舞(尤指源于英国的传统舞蹈，舞伴们排成两排对舞)

countryfied var.  of COUNTRIFIED  COUNTRIFIED 的变体

country gentleman n.  a gentleman with landed property 乡绅

country house n.  a usu. large house in the country, often the seat of a country gentleman 乡间别墅，乡间邸宅(常为乡绅之住所)

countryman /ˈkʌntrimən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. countrywoman, pl. -women)  1  a person living in a rural area 乡下人，农民 2  a (also 亦作 fellow countryman)  a person of one's own country or district 同胞，同国人；同乡b (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person from a specified country or district 某地人；某国人  north-countryman  北方人

country music n.  = COUNTRY AND WESTERN 

country party n. Brit.  a political party supporting agricultural interests [英]乡村党，农民党(代表农业利益的政党)

country rock n.  1  rock which encloses a mineral deposit or an igneous intrusion (矿床的)围岩；火成岩侵入岩浆 2  a blend of rock music with country and western 乡村摇滚音乐

country seat n.  a large country house belonging to an aristocratic family (贵族家庭的)乡间邸宅，庄园

countryside /ˈkʌntrisaid/ n.  1  a  a rural area 农村地区b  rural areas in general 农村，乡下 2  the inhabitants of a rural area 农村地区的居民

countrywoman  see 见 COUNTRYMAN 

county /ˈkaʊnti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a territorial division of some countries, forming the chief unit of local administration 郡，县(一些国家主要的地方行政区)b US  a political and administrative division of a state [美]县(州以下的行政区) 2 often iron.  the people of a county, esp. the leading families [常讽]全郡(县)居民(尤指士绅家庭的居民) ●adj. Brit.  having the social status or characteristics of county families [英]有士绅家庭地位(或特点)的 [Middle English via Anglo-French counté, Old French conté, cunté, from Latin comitatus (as COUNT2)]

county borough n. Brit. hist.  a large borough ranking as a county for administrative purposes [英史义] (英格兰、威尔士、爱尔兰等地的)郡级区

county corporate n. Brit. hist.  a city or town ranking as an administrative county [英史义]郡级市镇

county council n.  the elected governing body of an administrative county 郡政务会 □ county councillor  n.  郡政务会委员

county court n.  a judicial court for civil cases (in the US for civil and criminal cases) (英国)郡法院，地方法院(受理民事案件)；(美国)县法院(受理民事、刑事案件)

county cricket n. Brit.  cricket matches between teams representing counties [英]郡县级板球赛

county family n. Brit.  an aristocratic family with an ancestral seat in a county [英]郡中世家

County Palatine n. hist.  the territory of a Count or Earl Palatine [史义] (享有王权伯爵的)领地

county school n. (in the UK) a school that is established and funded by the local education authority (英国)郡立学校，地方学校

county town n. (US [美] county seat)  the administrative capital of a county 郡(或县)政府所在地，郡(或县)首府，县城

coup /ku:/ n. (pl. coups /ku:z/)  1  a notable or successful stroke or move 巧妙的行动，成功的一举 2  = COUPD'ÉTAT  3 Billiards  a direct pocketing of the ball 【台球】主球径自入袋 [French from medieval Latin colpus ‘blow’: see COPE1]

coup de foudre /ku: də ˈfu:dr(ə), 法 ku də fudr/ n. (pl. coups de foudre pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a sudden unforeseen event 突发事件，意外事件 2  love at first sight 一见钟情 [French, literally ‘stroke of lightning’]

coup de grɑˆce /ku: də ˈɡrɑ:s, 法 ku də ɡras/ n. (pl. coups de grɑˆce pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a finishing stroke, esp. to kill a wounded animal or person 最后的一举，(尤指为结束垂死时的痛苦而给予的)慈悲的一击 [French, literally ‘stroke of grace’]

coup de main /ku: də ˈmã, 法 ku də mɛ˜/ n. (pl. coups de main pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a sudden vigorous attack 突击，奇袭 [French, literally ‘stroke of hand’]

coup d'état /ku: deiˈtɑ:, 法 ku deta/ n. (pl. coups d'état pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a violent or illegal seizure of power 政变 [French, literally ‘blow of State’]

coup d'œil /ku: ˈdɔi, 法 ku dœj/ n. (pl. coups d'œil pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a comprehensive glance 浏览，扫视 2  a general view 综观，一览 [French, literally ‘stroke of eye’]

coupe /ku:p/ n.  1  a shallow glass or dish used for serving fruit, ice cream, etc. (装水果、冰淇淋等的)浅玻璃杯，盘碟 2  fruit, ice cream, etc. served in this (用浅玻璃杯、盘碟等端上的)水果，冰淇淋 [French, = goblet]

couple /ˈkʌp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of; often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a  two 两个，一对，一双  a couple of girls  两个女孩b  about two 两三个，几个，一些  a couple of hours  几个小时 2 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a  a married, engaged, or similar pair 夫妻，情侣b  a pair of partners in a dance, a game, etc. 一对舞伴；(游戏中的)一对伙伴c  a pair of rafters (建筑的)对椽 3 (pl. couple)  a pair of hunting dogs 一对猎狗  six couple of hounds  六对猎狗 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of joined collars used for holding hounds together (将猎狗系在一起的)一对颈圈 5 Mech.  a pair of equal and parallel forces acting in opposite directions, and tending to cause rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing them 【机】力偶(指作用在物体上的两个大小相等、方向相反而且不在一直线上的力。力偶能够使物体旋转) ●v.  1 tr.  fasten or link together; connect (esp. railway carriages) 连接，结合，(尤指火车车厢)挂接 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together, with)  associate in thought or speech 联想；把…联系起来  papers coupled their names  报纸上把他们的名字联系在一起 couple our congratulations with our best wishes  献上我们的祝贺及良好祝愿 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, up (with))  bring or come together as companions or partners 成对，结伴 4 intr.  copulate 性交；(动物)交配 5 tr. Physics  connect (oscillators) with a coupling 【物理学】将(振荡器)耦合 [Middle English via Old French cople, cuple, copler, cupler from Latin copulare, Latin COPULA]

coupler /ˈkʌplə/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a device in an organ for connecting two manuals, or a manual with pedals, so that they both sound when only one is played (风琴的)联键音栓b (also 亦作 octave coupler)  a similar device for connecting notes with their octaves above or below (管风琴的)八度联键音栓 2  anything that connects two things, esp. a transformer used for connecting electric circuits 耦合器(尤指变压器)

couplet /ˈkʌplit/ n. Prosody  two successive lines of verse, usu. rhyming and of the same length 【诗体】对句(通常指两行尾韵相谐、字数相同的诗句) [French, diminutive of couple COUPLE]

coupling /ˈkʌpliŋ/ n.  1  a  a link connecting railway carriages etc. (连接火车等的)车钩，挂钩b  a device for connecting parts of machinery (机器部件的)耦接头，连接器，联合器 2 Physics  a connection between two systems, causing one to oscillate when the other does so 【物理学】耦合 3 Mus.  a  the arrangement of items on a gramophone record 【音】(唱片上的)节目编排b  each such item (唱片上编排的)节目

coupon /ˈku:pɒn/ n.  1  a form in a newspaper, magazine, etc., which may be filled in and sent as an application for a purchase, information, etc. (剪自报刊的)订购单，索取信息单 2 Brit.  an entry form for a football pool or other competition [英] (足球及其他比赛的)彩票 3  a voucher given with a retail purchase, a certain number of which entitle the holder to a discount etc. 购物优待券 4  a  a detachable ticket entitling the holder to a ration of food, clothes, etc., esp. in wartime (尤指战时食品、衣物等的)配给券b  a similar ticket entitling the holder to payment, goods, services, etc. (付款、货物、服务等的)票证，票券 [French, = piece cut off, from couper ‘cut’: see COUPÉ]

coupé /ˈku:pei/ n. (US [美] coupe /ku:p/)  1  a car with a hard roof, esp. one with two seats and a sloping rear (尤指斜背双座)小轿车 2 hist.  a four-wheeled enclosed carriage for two passengers and a driver [史义]双座四轮轿式马车 [French, past part. of couper ‘cut’ (formed as COUP)]

courage /ˈkʌridʒ/ n.  the ability to disregard fear; bravery 勇气，胆量，勇敢，无畏 □ have the courage of one's convictions   have the courage to act on one's beliefs 敢于按照自己的信念去做□ lose courage   become less brave 丧失勇气□ pluck up (or take) courage   muster one's courage 鼓起勇气□ take one's courage in both hands   nerve oneself to a venture 鼓起勇气，敢作敢为 [Middle English via Old French corage from Latin cor ‘heart’]

courageous /kəˈreidʒəs/ adj.  brave, fearless 勇敢的，无畏的 □ courageously  adv.  □ courageousness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French corageous, Old French corageus (as COURAGE)]

courante /kʊˈrɒ˜(n)t, -rɑ:nt/ n.  1 hist.  a running or gliding dance [史义]库兰特舞 2 Mus.  the music used for this, esp. as a movement of a suite 【音】库兰特舞曲(尤指组曲的一个乐章) [French, fem. pres. part. (used as a noun) of courir ‘run’, from Latin currere]

courgette /kʊəˈʒet/ n. Brit.  a small green variety of vegetable marrow Also called 亦称作 ZUCCHINI [英] (绿皮)密生西葫芦；笋瓜 [French, diminutive of courge ‘gourd’]

courier /ˈkʊriə/ n.  1  a person employed, usu. by a travel company, to guide and assist a group of tourists (通常由旅行社雇佣的)旅游服务员，导游 2  a special messenger 信使；情报员 [Middle English via French from Italian corriere, and from Old French coreor, both from Latin currere ‘run’]

course /kɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a continuous onward movement or progression 进展，进程，过程 2  a  a line along which a person or thing moves; a direction taken 道路，路线；行动方向  has changed course  改变了行动路线 the course of the winding river  弯弯曲曲的河道b  a correct or intended direction or line of movement 正确方向；预定路线c  the direction taken by a ship or aircraft (轮船、飞机等的)航向，航道 3  a  the ground on which a race (or other sport involving extensive linear movement) takes place (径赛或其他运动的)跑道b  a series of fences, hurdles, or other obstacles to be crossed in a race etc. (径赛上的)障碍物 4  a  a series of lectures, lessons, etc., in a particular subject 课程，讲座b  a book for such a course 教程，教科书  A Modern French Course  现代法语教程 5  any of the successive parts of a meal (一)道(菜) 6 Med.  a sequence of medical treatment etc. 【医】(一连串治疗等的)疗程  prescribed a course of antibiotics  开了一个疗程的抗菌素 7  a line of conduct 行动方针；行为，做法  disappointed by the course he took  对他的做法感到失望 8 Archit.  a continuous horizontal layer of brick, stone, etc., in a building 【建】(建筑物砖、石等的)一层 9  a channel in which water flows 水道，渠道 10  the pursuit of game (esp. hares) with hounds, esp. greyhounds, by sight rather than scent 追踪狩猎(尤指猎犬追逐野兔) 11 Naut.  a sail on a square-rigged ship 【海】(横帆船上的)帆  fore course  前桅主帆 main course  主桅主帆 ●v.  1 intr. (esp. of liquid) run, esp. fast (尤指液体)迅速流动  blood coursed through his veins  血液迅速地在他的静脉中流动 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  use (hounds) to hunt 用(猎犬)追踪狩猎b  pursue (hares etc.) in hunting 追踪(野兔等) □ the course of nature   ordinary events or procedure 通常情况，常规□ in course of   in the process of 在…的过程中□ in the course of   during 在…期间，在…过程中□ in the course of time   as time goes by; eventually 随着时间的推移；最终；终于□ of course   naturally; as is or was to be expected; admittedly 自然；当然；诚然□ on (or off) course   following (or deviating from) the desired direction or goal 沿着(或偏离)正确的方向□ run (or take) its course  (esp. of an illness) complete its natural development (尤指疾病)自然地发展，持续到自然结束□ courser  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English via Old French cours from Latin cursus, from currere curs- ‘run’]

coursebook /ˈkɔ:sbʊk/ n.  a book designed for use on a particular course of study 教科书，课本

courser1 /ˈkɔ:sə/ n. poet.  a swift horse [诗]骏马，战马 [Middle English via Old French corsier from Romanic]

courser2 /ˈkɔ:sə/ n.  any fast-running plover-like bird of the genus Cursorius, native to Africa and Asia, having long legs and a slender bill 走鸻属鸟类(长腿细喙，行走迅速，原产于非洲和亚洲) [Late Latin cursorius ‘adapted for running’]

coursework /ˈkɔ:swɜ:k/ n.  the work done during a course of study, esp. when counting towards a student's final assessment (尤指用于结业评价的)课程作业

court /kɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 court of law)  a  a body of persons presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate, and acting as a tribunal in civil and criminal cases 法院，法庭b  = COURTROOM  2  a  an enclosed quadrangular area for games, which may be open or covered (四周有围栏的)比赛场地  tennis court  网球场 squash court  单打式墙网球场b  an area marked out for tennis etc. 网球场  hit the ball out of court  击球出界 3  a  a small enclosed street in a town, having a yard surrounded by houses, and adjoining a larger street (三面有房的)短街，死巷b Brit. [英]  = COURTYARD c (作 Court)  the name of a large house, block of flats, street, etc. 大楼；宅第；大街(用作大楼或宅第名称的一部分)  Grosvenor Court  格罗夫纳大楼d (at Cambridge University) a college quadrangle (剑桥大学院内的)四方院子e  a subdivision of a building, usu. a large hall extending to the ceiling with galleries and staircases (楼房建筑中的)厅，馆 4  a  the establishment, retinue, and courtiers of a sovereign (主权国家的)王室，王宫；朝臣；侍臣b  a sovereign and his or her councillors, constituting a ruling power 朝廷，宫廷c  a sovereign's residence 王宫，宫室d  an assembly held by a sovereign; a state reception 御前会议；(君主的)召见 5  attention paid to a person whose favour, love, or interest is sought 殷勤，奉承；追求，求婚  paid court to her  向她献殷勤；向她求婚 6  a  the qualified members of a company or a corporation 董事会，理事会b Brit. (in some Friendly Societies) a local branch [英] (互济会、互助会等的)分会c  a meeting of a court 董事会会议 ●v. tr.  1  a  try to win the affection or favour of (a person) 奉承(某人)，向(某人)献殷勤b  pay amorous attention to 求爱，求婚 also absol. [亦含宾]: courting couples  谈情说爱的男女 2  seek to win (applause, fame, etc.) 寻求，追求(赞扬、名望等) 3  invite (misfortune) by one's actions 招致，招惹(噩运、灾祸)  you are courting disaster  你这是在招惹祸端 □ go to court   take legal action 上法庭，打官司□ in court   appearing as a party or an advocate in a court of law (诉讼当事人或辩护律师)出庭□ out of court   1 (of a plaintiff) not entitled to be heard (原告)被驳回 2 (of a settlement) arranged before a hearing or judgement can take place (不经法院的)私了和解 3  not worthy of consideration 不值得考虑  that suggestion is out of court  那个建议不值得考虑 [Middle English from Anglo-French curt, Old French cort, ultimately from Latin cohors, -hortis ‘yard, retinue’: the verb influenced by Old Italian corteare, Old French courtoyer]

court bouillon /kɔ:t ˈbu:jɒn, 法 kur bujɔ˜/ n.  stock usu. made from wine, vegetables, etc., often used in fish dishes (用酒和蔬菜等配制的)煮鱼汤料 [French from court ‘short’ + BOUILLON]

court card n. Brit.  a playing card that is a king, queen, or jack [英]花牌，人头牌(纸牌中的 K 、 Q 、 J) [originally coat card, from the decorative dress of the figures depicted]

court circular n. Brit.  a daily report of royal court affairs, published in some newspapers [英] (报刊上刊登的)宫廷日常活动公报

court dress n.  formal dress worn at a royal court 宫廷礼服，朝服

courteous /ˈkɜ:tjəs/ adj.  polite, kind, or considerate in manner; well-mannered 有礼貌的，彬彬有礼的；殷勤的 □ courteously  adv.  □ courteousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French corteis, curteis from Romanic (as COURT) : assimilated to words ending in -OUS]

courtesan /kɔ:tiˈzæn/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  a prostitute, esp. one with wealthy or upper-class clients (尤指与达官显贵周旋的)高级妓女，交际花 2  the mistress of a wealthy man (富豪的)情妇 [French courtisane from Italian cortigiana, fem. of cortigiano ‘courtier’, from corte COURT]

courtesy /ˈkɜ:tisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  courteous behaviour; good manners 谦恭有礼；殷勤 2  a courteous act 礼貌的举止 3 archaic [古义]  = CURTSY  □ by courtesy   by favour, not by right 出于礼貌，出于好意□ by courtesy of   with the formal permission of (a person etc.) 承蒙…的准许 [Middle English from Old French curtesie, co(u)rtesie, from curteis etc. COURTEOUS]

courtesy light n.  a light in a car that is switched on by opening a door 礼貌灯(一打开车门就亮的车内照明灯)

courtesy title n.  a title held by courtesy, usu. having no legal validity, e.g. a title given to the heir of a duke etc. 礼节上的尊称；(无法律效力的)爵号

courthouse /ˈkɔ:thaʊs/ n.  1  a building in which a judicial court is held 法院大楼 2 US  a building containing the administrative offices of a county [美]县政府大楼

courtier /ˈkɔ:tiə/ n.  a person who attends or frequents a sovereign's court 朝臣，廷臣，侍臣 [Middle English via Anglo-French courte(i)our, from Old French, from cortoyer ‘be present at court’]

Court leet  see 见 LEET1 1 

courtly /ˈkɔ:tli/ adj. (courtlier, courtliest)  1  polished or refined in manners 典雅的；有礼貌的；有教养的 2  obsequious 奉承的，拍马的 3  punctilious 审慎的；拘谨的 □ courtliness  n.   [COURT]

courtly love n.  the conventional medieval tradition of knightly love for a lady, and the etiquette used in its (esp. literary) expression 典雅爱情(中世纪的一种骑士爱情观念以及表达礼仪)

court martial /kɔ:t ˈmɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. courts martial)  a judicial court for trying members of the armed services 军事法庭 ●v. tr. (作 court-martial) (-martialled, -martialling; US [美] -martialed, -martialing)  try by a court martial 受军事法庭审判，以军法审判

Court of Appeal n. (US [美] Court of appeals)  a court of law hearing appeals against judgements in the Crown Court, High Court, County Court, etc. (受理不服刑事法庭、高等法院、县法院等判决的)上诉法庭

court of first instance n.  a court of primary jurisdiction 初审法院，第一审法庭，预审庭

court of law  see 见 COURT n. 1 

Court of Protection n. (in the UK) the department of the Supreme Court attending to the affairs of the mentally unfit (英国)保护(智力不健全者)法庭

court of record n.  a court whose proceedings are recorded and available as evidence of fact 记录法院(指保存其司法程序记录并留作永久性司法依据的法院)

court of review n.  a court before which sentences etc. come for revision 复审法院

Court of Session n.  the supreme civil court in Scotland (苏格兰)最高民事法院

Court of St James's n.  the British sovereign's court 英国宫廷

court of summary jurisdiction n. Brit.  a court having the authority to use summary proceedings and arrive at a judgement or conviction [英]简易审判法院(指可使用简易程序审判权限的法院)

court order n.  a direction issued by a court or a judge, usu. requiring a person to do or not do something 法院指令，庭谕

court plaster n. Brit. hist.  sticking plaster for cuts etc. [英史义] (敷贴小伤口等的)橡皮膏 [formerly used by ladies at court for face-patches]

court roll n. Brit. hist.  a manorial court register of holdings [英史义] (领地法庭的)租佃登录册

courtroom /ˈkɔ:tru:m, -rʊm/ n.  the place or room in which a court of law meets 法庭，审判室

courtship /ˈkɔ:tʃip/ n.  1  a  courting with a view to marriage 求婚，求爱b  the courting behaviour of male animals, birds, etc. (雄性动物、鸟类等的)求偶c  a period of courting 求爱期，求偶期 2  an attempt, often protracted, to gain advantage by flattery, attention, etc. (长时间的)奉承，取悦

court shoe n. Brit.  a woman's light, usu. high-heeled, shoe with a low-cut upper [英] (女式)船形高跟浅帮鞋

court tennis n. N. Amer.  real tennis [北美]庭院网球

courtyard /ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d/ n.  an area enclosed by walls or buildings, often opening off a street 庭院，院子；天井

couscous /ˈkʊskʊs, ˈku:sku:s/ n.  1  a type of N. African semolina in granules made from crushed durum wheat 蒸粗麦粉(北非的一种用硬粒小麦加工的粗面粉食品) 2  a spicy dish of this, usu. with meat or fruit added (加肉或水果的)蒸粗麦粉 [French from Arabic kuskus, from kaskasa ‘to pound’]

cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ n.  1 (also 亦作 first cousin, cousin german (pl. cousins german))  a child of one's uncle or aunt 堂兄弟(姐妹)，表兄弟(姐妹) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  applied to the people of kindred races or nations 兄弟民族(或国家)的人  our American cousins  我们的美国兄弟 3 hist.  a title formerly used by a sovereign in addressing another sovereign or a noble of his or her own country [史义]卿(君主之间或君主对上层贵族的称呼) □ first cousin once removed   1  a child of one's first cousin 堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女 2  one's parent's first cousin (父母的)堂(或表)兄弟姐妹□ first cousin twice removed   1  a grandchild of one's first cousin 堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的孙子孙女(或外孙、外孙女) 2  one's grandparent's first cousin 祖父母的堂(或表)兄弟姐妹□ second cousin   a child of one's parent's first cousin 远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹(指父母的堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女)□ second cousin once removed   1  a child of one's second cousin 远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女 2  one's parent's second cousin 父母的远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹□ third cousin   a child of one's parent's second cousin 父母的远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女□ cousinhood  n.  □ cousinly  adj.  □ cousinship  n.   [Middle English via Old French cosin, cusin, from Latin consobrinus ‘mother's sister's child’]

couth /ku:θ/ adj. joc.  cultured; well-mannered [诙]温文尔雅的；有教养的；有礼貌的 [back-formation as antonym of UNCOUTH]

couture /ku:ˈtjʊə/ n.  the design and manufacture of fashionable clothes; = HAUTE COUTURE 女式时装设计(缝制)；女式时装业 [French, = sewing, dressmaking]

couturier /ku:ˈtjʊəriei/ n. (fem. couturière /-riˈɛə/)  a fashion designer or dressmaker 女式时装设计师，女式时装裁缝 [French]

couvade /ku:ˈvɑ:d/ n.  a custom in some cultures by which a man takes to his bed and goes through certain rituals when his child is being born 拟娩(一些文化中的习俗，当妻子分娩时，丈夫也卧床并行禁食等仪式) [French, via couver ‘hatch’ from Latin cubare ‘lie down’]

couvert /ku:ˈvɛə/ n.  = COVERn. 6  [French]

couverture /ˈku:vətjʊə/ n. Brit.  chocolate for covering sweets, cakes, etc. [英] (糖果、点心等表面的)巧克力层 [French, = covering]

Couéism /ˈku:eiiz(ə)m/ n.  a system of psychotherapy using usu. optimistic auto-suggestion 库埃法，自我暗示心理疗法 [named after E. Coué, French psychologist d. 1926]

covalency /kəʊˈveil(ə)nsi/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  the linking of atoms by a covalent bond (原子间的)共价 2  the number of pairs of electrons an atom can share with another (原子间的)共用电子对数

covalent /kəʊˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  relating to, designating, or characterized by chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons, usu. in pairs, by two atoms in a molecule 【化】共价键的 □ covalence  n.  □ covalently  adv.   [CO- + valent, on the pattern of trivalent etc.]

cove1 /kəʊv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small, esp. sheltered, bay or creek (尤指有遮蔽的)小海湾，小湾，小港 2  a sheltered recess 幽深处，隐蔽处 3 Archit.  a concave arch or arched moulding, esp. one formed at the junction of a wall with a ceiling 【建】(尤指墙壁与天花板连接处的)凹圆线脚 ●v. tr. Archit. 【建】  1  provide (a room, ceiling, etc.) with a cove 为(房间、天花板等)装凹圆线脚 2  slope (the sides of a fireplace) inwards 使(壁炉内侧)内凹 [Old English cofa ‘chamber’, from Germanic]

cove2 /kəʊv/ n. Brit. slang  a fellow; a chap [英] [俚语]家伙，汉子；小伙子 [16th-c.: perhaps from Romany kova ‘thing, person’]

coven /ˈkʌv(ə)n/ n.  a group of witches 女巫的聚会，女巫团 [variant of covent; see CONVENT]

covenant /ˈkʌv(ə)nənt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an agreement; a contract 盟约，契约；合同 2 Law 【法律】  a  a contract drawn up under a seal, esp. undertaking to make regular payments to a charity 盖印契约(尤指向慈善事业定期捐款的契约)b  a clause of a covenant 契约条款 3 (作 Covenant) Bibl.  the agreement between God and the Israelites (see 见 ARK OF THE COVENANT) 【圣经】(上帝与古犹太人所立的)圣约 ●v. tr. & intr.  agree, esp. by legal covenant 订立盟约(尤指立约承诺) □ covenantal  /-ˈnænt(ə)l/ adj.  □ covenantor  n. (also 亦作 covenanter)   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of co(n)venir, formed as CONVENE]

covenanted /ˈkʌv(ə)nəntid/ adj.  bound by a covenant 受盟约(或契约)约束的

covenanter /ˈkʌv(ə)nəntə/ n.  1 var.  of COVENANTOR (see 见 COVENANT) COVENANTOR 的变体 2 /also 亦作 kʌvəˈnæntə/ (作 Covenanter) hist.  an adherent of the National Covenant of the Solemn League and Covenant in 17th-c. Scotland, in support of Presbyterianism [史义] (17 世纪苏格兰拥护长老制的)国民誓约(或神圣盟约)拥护者

Coventry /ˈkɒv(ə)ntri, ˈkʌv-/ n.   □ send a person to Coventry  esp. Brit.  refuse to associate with or speak to a person [尤英]拒绝与某人交往(交谈) [Coventry, a city in the W. Midlands: origin of the phrase uncertain]

cover /ˈkʌvə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  protect or conceal by means of a cloth, lid, etc. (用布、盖等)保护；掩护，掩蔽 2  a  extend over; occupy the whole surface of 盖，铺盖，覆盖  covered in dirt  被尘土所覆盖 covered with writing  写满了字b (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  strew thickly or thoroughly 撒满  covered the floor with straw  在地板上撒满稻草c  lie over; be a covering to 位于…上；盖在…上  the blanket scarcely covered him  那毯子几乎没盖在他身上 3  a  protect; clothe 保护；给…穿衣，以衣蔽体b (as 作 covered adj.)  wearing a hat; having a roof 戴帽子的；有顶子的 4  include; comprise; deal with 包括；涉及；论及  the talk covered recent discoveries  演讲中论及了最近的一些新发现 5  travel (a specified distance) 行，行走(一段路程)  covered sixty miles  走了 60 英里 6 Journalism 【新闻学】  a  report (events, a meeting, etc.) 报道，采访(事件、会议等)b  investigate as a reporter (记者)调查 7  be enough to defray (expenses, a bill, etc.) 足以支付(费用、账单等)  £ 20 should cover it  20 英镑足以支付这项开支 8  a refl.  take precautionary measures so as to protect oneself 采取预防措施(以保护自己)，打掩护，找借口  had covered myself by saying I might be late  (我)说我有可能会迟到，为自己打了掩护b (absol. [含宾]; foll. by 后跟 for)  deputize or stand in for (a colleague etc.) 顶替，代替(同事等)  will you cover for me?  你替我一下好吗？ 9 Mil.  a  aim a gun etc. at 【军】(用枪等)瞄准，对准b (of a fortress, guns, etc.) command (a territory) (要塞等)控制(某个范围)；(枪炮等)射程达到c  stand behind (a person in the front rank) 接应(前排的人)d  protect (an exposed person etc.) by being able to return fire (用火力)掩护(已暴露的人等) 10  a esp. Cricket  stand behind (another player) to stop any missed balls (尤)【板球】补接(前排队员漏接的球)b (in team games) mark (a corresponding player of the other side) (球赛等)盯防(对方队员) 11 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (in some card games) play a card higher than (one already played to the same trick) 压牌(指用较大的牌压倒对方的出牌) 12  make a cover version of (a song etc.) 转录(歌曲等) 13 (of a stallion, a bull, etc.) copulate with (种牡马、公牛等)与(雌性)交配 ●n.  1  something that covers or protects esp. 尤指 : 覆盖物，掩蔽物，保护物a  a lid 盖子b  the binding of a book (书的)封皮，书皮c  either board of this (书的)书壳d  an envelope or the wrapper of a parcel 信封；(邮件的)封套  under separate cover  在单独的函件内e  the outer case of a pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎的)外胎f (in pl. 用复数)  bedclothes 床罩，床单 2  a hiding place; a shelter 隐蔽处；躲避处；藏身处 3  woods or undergrowth sheltering game or covering the ground (cf. 参见 COVERT n. 1) 覆盖植物(指供猎物藏身或覆盖地表的树木或灌木) 4  a  a pretence; a screen 借口，托辞  under cover of humility  以人性为托辞，打着人性的幌子b  a spy's pretended identity or activity, intended as concealment (间谍的)假身份c Mil.  a supporting force protecting an advance party from attack 【军】(保护前进部队不受攻击的)掩护部队 5 Brit. [英]  a  funds, esp. obtained by insurance, to meet a liability or secure against a contingent loss (尤指履行某种责任或防止意外损失的)保证金，保险金b  the state of being so protected (责任或意外损失的)保险  third-party cover  第三方保险 6  a place setting at table, esp. in a restaurant (尤指饭店餐桌上为一人摆放的)全套餐具 7 Cricket 【板球】  = COVER POINT  8 (in full 全称 cover version)  a recording of a previously recorded song etc., made esp. to take advantage of the original's success (歌曲等的)转录制品 □ break cover  (of an animal, esp. game, or a hunted person) leave a place of shelter, esp. vegetation (猎物或人)从隐蔽处出来□ cover in   provide with a roof etc. 封盖，给…装顶盖□ cover one's tracks   conceal evidence of what one has done 掩盖行踪，隐藏所做事情的痕迹□ cover up   1  completely cover or conceal 完全盖住，遮住 2  conceal (circumstances etc., esp. illicitly) 掩盖，掩饰(尤指非法行为) also absol. [亦含宾]: refused to cover up for them  拒绝替他们掩饰□ from cover to cover   from beginning to end of a book etc. 从封面到封底；从头至尾□ take cover   use a natural or prepared shelter against an attack 隐蔽□ coverable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French covrir, cuvrir from Latin cooperire (as CO-, operire opert- ‘cover’)]

coverage /ˈkʌv(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  an area or an amount covered 覆盖范围；覆盖量 2 Journalism  the amount of media publicity received by a particular story, person, etc. 【新闻学】(对某人或某事的)新闻报道；新闻报道量 3  a risk covered by an insurance policy (保险单的)承保范围 4  an area reached by a particular broadcasting station or advertising medium (电台、电视台的)覆盖度；(广告的)可达范围

coverall /ˈkʌvərɔ:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  something that covers entirely 罩子，套子 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a full-length protective outer garment often zipped up the front (衣裤相连的)工作服 ●attrib. adj.  covering entirely 完全覆盖的，包罗万象的  a coverall term  一个包罗万象的术语

cover charge n.  an extra charge levied per head in a restaurant, nightclub, etc. (饭店、夜总会等按人头额外加收的)服务费

cover crop n.  a crop grown for the protection and enrichment of the soil (指护田、肥田的)覆盖作物

cover drive n. Cricket  a drive past cover point 【板球】(将球击向外场防守位置的)外场挥击

cover girl n.  a female model whose picture appears on magazine covers etc. (杂志的)封面女郎

covering /ˈkʌv(ə)riŋ/ n.  something that covers, esp. a bedspread, blanket, etc., or clothing 覆盖物(尤指床单、毯子等或衣服)

covering letter n. (also 亦作 covering note)  an explanatory letter (or note) sent with an enclosure (附在公文、包裹内作为说明的)附言，附信

coverlet /ˈkʌvəlit/ n.  a bedspread 床单，床罩 [Middle English via Anglo-French covrelet, -lit from Old French covrir ‘cover’ + lit ‘bed’]

cover letter n. N. Amer. [北美]  = COVERING LETTER 

cover note n. Brit.  a temporary certificate of current insurance [英]暂保单，承色条

cover point n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielding position on the off side and halfway to the boundary (距击球员较远的偏右前方)外场防守位置 2  a fielder at this position 外场防守队员

cover slip n.  a small thin piece of glass used to protect a microscope specimen (显微镜切片的)玻璃盖片

cover story n.  a news story in a magazine, that is illustrated or advertised on the front cover 封面故事(指杂志中与封面图片有关的报道)

covert adj. & n. ●adj. /ˈkʌvət, ˈkəʊvɜ:t/  secret or disguised 秘密的；隐藏的；伪装的  a covert glance  偷偷地瞥一眼 covert operations  秘密的军事行动 ●n. /ˈkʌvət, ˈkʌvə/  1  a shelter, esp. a thicket hiding game (尤指在灌木丛中玩捉迷藏游戏的)掩蔽处，隐蔽所 2  a feather covering the base of a bird's flight feather 覆羽(覆盖在鸟的飞羽基部的羽毛) □ covertly  adv.  □ covertness  n.   [Middle English from Old French covert, past part. of covrir COVER]

covert coat /ˈkʌvət, ˈkʌvə/ n. Brit.  a short light overcoat worn for shooting, riding, etc. [英] (骑马、射击等穿的)轻皮短外套

coverture /ˈkʌvətjʊə/ n.  1  covering; shelter 掩蔽处，隐蔽处；庇护所 2 Law hist.  the position of a married woman, considered to be under her husband's protection 【法律】[史义] (已婚妇女)受丈夫保护的地位 [Middle English from Old French (as COVERT)]

cover-up n.  an act of concealing circumstances, esp. illicitly (尤指非法的)掩盖，掩饰

cover version  see 见 COVER n. 8 

covet /ˈkʌvit/ v. tr. (coveted, coveting)  desire greatly (esp. something belonging to another person) 贪求，垂涎，觊觎(尤指属于别人的东西)  coveted her friend's earrings  觊觎她朋友的耳环 □ covetable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French cu-, coveitier from Romanic: related to CUPIDITY]

covetous /ˈkʌvitəs/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  greatly desirous (esp. of another person's property) (尤指对他人财物)垂涎的，贪求的 2  grasping, avaricious 吝啬的，贪婪的 □ covetously  adv.  □ covetousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French coveitous from Gallo-Roman]

covey /ˈkʌvi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a brood or flock of partridges (鹧鸪、鹌鹑等)一窝，一小群 2  a small party or group of people or things (人)一群，一伙；(事物)一套，一批 [Middle English via Old French covee and Romanic from Latin cubare ‘lie’]

covin /ˈkʌvin/ n.  1 Law  a conspiracy to commit a crime etc. against a third party 【法律】密谋，共谋(诈害第三方) 2 archaic  fraud, deception [古义]欺诈，欺骗行为 [Middle English via Old French covin(e) from medieval Latin convenium -ia, from convenire: see CONVENE]

coving n.  = COVE1n. 3 

cow1 /kaʊ/ n.  1  a  a fully grown female of any bovine animal, esp. of the genus Bos, used as a source of milk and beef (成年的)母牛，奶牛b  a domestic bovine animal (regardless of sex or age) 家牛(不分雌雄或年岁)c  a female domestic bovine animal which has borne a calf (cf. 参见 HEIFER 1) (生育过牛犊的)母牛 2  the female of other large animals, esp. the elephant, whale, and seal 母兽(尤指雌象、雌鲸和雌海豹) 3 colloq. derog. [口] [贬]  a  a woman, esp. a coarse or unpleasant one (尤指肥胖粗笨的)女人，婆娘b Austral. & NZ  an unpleasant person, thing, situation, etc. [澳新]讨厌的人(事物、处境等) □ till the cows come home  colloq.  for an indefinitely long time [口]长久地，无限期地 [Old English cū from Germanic, related to Latin bos, Greek bous]

cow2 /kaʊ/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  intimidate or dispirit 吓唬，威胁  cowed by ill-treatment  被虐待吓住了 [probably from Old Norse kúga ‘oppress’]

cowabunga /kaʊəˈbʌŋɡə, kɑ:wə-/ int. slang  expressing delight or satisfaction, or as a call to action [俚语]哦，啊(表示高兴、满意或招呼行动) [probably fanciful]

cowage /ˈkaʊidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 cowhage)  a leguminous climbing plant, Mucuna pruriens, having hairy pods which cause stinging and itching 刺痒黧豆(一种豆科攀缘植物，豆荚上的绒毛会使人疼痛或发痒) [Hindi kawɑˉṅch]

coward /ˈkaʊəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who is easily frightened or intimidated by danger or pain 胆怯者，胆小鬼，懦夫 ●adj. poet.  easily frightened [诗]胆小的，怯懦的 [Middle English from Old French cuard, couard, ultimately from Latin cauda ‘tail’: perhaps suggested by a frightened animal with its tail between its legs]

cowardice /ˈkaʊədis/ n.  a lack of bravery 胆小，胆怯 [Middle English from Old French couardise (as COWARD)]

cowardly /ˈkaʊədli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or like a coward; lacking courage 胆小鬼似的；胆小的，怯懦的 2 (of an action) done against a person who cannot retaliate (指行为)欺负无能为力者的 ●adv. archaic  like a coward; with cowardice [古义]胆小地，胆怯地 □ cowardliness  n.  

cowardy /ˈkaʊədi/ adj. Brit. colloq.  cowardly (esp. in the children's taunt 尤用于儿童讥笑(他人)的短语 cowardy custard) [英口]胆小的，胆怯的

cowbane /ˈkaʊbein/ n.  = WATER HEMLOCK 

cowbell /ˈkaʊbel/ n.  1  a bell worn round a cow's neck for easy location of the animal 牛颈铃 2  a similar bell used as a percussion instrument 牛铃(一种打击乐器)

cowberry /ˈkaʊb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an evergreen shrub, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, bearing dark red berries 越橘(一种越橘属常青灌木，结深红色浆果) 2  the berry of this plant 越橘的果实

cowbird /ˈkaʊbɜ:d/ n.  any of several N. American orioles which often eat insects stirred up by grazing cattle, esp. the brown-plumaged Molothrus ater, which lays its eggs in other birds' nests 北美黄鹂(常捕食牧牛惊起的昆虫，尤指褐头牛鹂)

cowboy /ˈkaʊbɔi/ n.  1 (fem. cowgirl)  a (usu. mounted) person who herds and tends cattle, esp. in the western US. (尤指美国西部骑马放牧的)牧牛工，牛仔 2 (fem. cowgirl)  this as a conventional figure in American folklore, esp. in films 牛仔(美国民间故事、尤指电影中传统的形象) 3 colloq.  an unscrupulous or reckless person in business, esp. an unqualified one [口] (尤指无能的)缺德的商人，肆无忌惮的商人

cowcatcher /ˈkaʊkætʃə/ n. N. Amer.  a peaked metal frame at the front of a locomotive for pushing aside obstacles on the line [北美] (火车机车前的)排障器

cower /ˈkaʊə/ v. intr.  1  crouch or shrink back, esp. in fear; cringe (尤指因恐惧而)蜷缩，畏缩；退缩 2  stand or squat in a bent position 弯腰屈背地站立，蹲 [Middle English from Middle Low German kūren ‘lie in wait’, of unknown origin]

cowfish /ˈkaʊfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  a marine fish, Lactoria diaphana, covered in hard bony plates and having hornlike spines over the eyes and on other parts of the body 棘背角箱鲀(一种身上有骨质鳞甲的海鱼，眼睛上部及其他部位有牛角状鳍) 2  a manatee or a small cetacean 海牛；小型鲸目动物

cowgirl  see 见 COWBOY 1, 2 

cowhage var.  of COWAGE  COWAGE 的变体

cow-heel n.  the foot of a cow or an ox stewed to a jelly 牛蹄肉冻

cowherd /ˈkaʊhɜ:d/ n.  a person who tends cattle 牧牛人，牛倌

cowhide /ˈkaʊhaid/ n.  1  a  a cow's hide 母牛皮b  leather made from this 牛皮革 2  a leather whip made from cowhide 牛皮鞭

cow-house n. Brit.  a shed or shelter for cows [英]牛舍，牛棚

cowl /kaʊl/ n.  1  a  the hood of a monk's habit (修道士服装上的)兜帽b  a loose hood (斗篷上的)宽松兜帽c  a monk's hooded habit 带兜帽的修道士服装d  a cloak with wide sleeves worn by members of Benedictine orders (天主教本笃会修士穿的)宽袖斗篷 2  the hood-shaped covering of a chimney or ventilating shaft 烟囱帽罩；通风帽罩 3  the removable cover of a vehicle or aircraft engine (车辆或飞机发动机可拆卸的)机罩，外壳 □ cowled  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Old English cugele, cūle via ecclesiastical Latin cuculla from Latin cucullus ‘hood of a cloak’]

cow-lick n.  a projecting lock of hair (额前翘起的)一绺头发

cowling /ˈkaʊliŋ/ n.  = COWL 3 

cowl neck n.  a neck on a woman's garment that hangs in draped folds (女服的)皱褶领子 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : cowl-neck sweater  皱领羊毛衫

cowman /ˈkaʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  = COWHERD  2 US [美]  = COWBOY 1 

co-worker /kəʊˈwɜ:kə/ n.  a person who works in collaboration with another 同事

cow-parsley n.  a hedgerow plant, Anthriscus sylvestris, having lacelike umbels of flowers Also called 亦称作 Queen Anne's lace 峨参(一种峨参属灌木树篱植物，具花边状伞形花序)

cow-pat n.  a flat round piece of cow-dung (一团)牛粪

cowpoke /ˈkaʊpəʊk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = COWBOY 1 

cowpox /ˈkaʊpɒks/ n.  a disease of cows, of which the virus was formerly used in vaccination against smallpox 牛痘

cowpuncher /ˈkaʊpʌntʃə/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = COWBOY 1 

cowrie /ˈkaʊ(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 cowry) (pl. -ies)  1  any gastropod mollusc of the family Cypraeidae, having a smooth, glossy, and often brightly coloured shell 腹足纲宝贝科软体动物(其贝壳往往色泽鲜艳) 2  its shell, formerly used as money in parts of Africa and S. Asia 宝贝贝壳(旧时在非洲和南亚部分地区用作货币) [Urdu & Hindi kauṛī]

co-write /kəʊˈrait/ v. tr. (past co-wrote; past part. co-written)  write (a book, song, etc.) together with another person 合著(书籍、歌曲等) □ co-writer  n.  合著者

cowshed /ˈkaʊʃed/ n.  1  a shed for cattle that are not at pasture 牛舍，牛棚 2  a milking shed 挤奶棚

cowslip /ˈkaʊslip/ n.  1  a primula, Primula veris, with fragrant yellow flowers and growing in pastures 黄花九轮草(牧场上的一种报春花属植物，花朵芳香，呈黄色) 2 US  a marsh marigold [美]西洋樱草，驴蹄草 [Old English cūslyppe, from cū COW1 + slyppe ‘slimy substance’, i.e. cow-dung]

cow-tree n.  a tropical American tree yielding a juice which looks and tastes like cow's milk, esp. the Venezuelan tree Brosimum utile 乳树，牛奶树(一种热带美洲树木，其乳状汁液味道似牛奶，故名)

cow-wheat n.  any plant of the genus Melampyrum (figwort family), esp. M. pratense, which grows on heathland 山萝花(玄参科植物，生长在欧石南丛生的荒野中)

Cox /kɒks/ n. (in full 全称 Cox's orange pippin)  a variety of eating apple with a red-tinged green skin 考克斯苹果，点心苹果(一种食用苹果，绿里透红) [bred by R. Cox, English amateur fruit-grower d. 1845]

cox /kɒks/ n. & v. ●n.  a coxswain, esp. of a racing boat (尤指赛艇的)舵手 ●v.  1 intr.  act as a cox 担任赛艇舵手  coxed for Cambridge  担任剑桥大学赛艇的舵手 2 tr.  act as cox for 为(赛艇)当舵手  coxed the winning boat  为获胜赛艇当舵手 [abbreviation]

coxa /ˈkɒksə/ n. (pl. coxae /-si:/)  1 Anat.  the hip bone or hip joint 【解】髋(骨)，髋关节 2 Zool.  the first or basal segment in the leg in insects etc. 【动】(节肢动物腿部的)基节 □ coxal  adj.   [Latin]

coxcomb /ˈkɒkskəʊm/ n.  an ostentatiously conceited man; a dandy 自命不凡的蠢家伙；花花公子，纨绔子弟 □ coxcombry  /-kəmri/ n. (pl. -ies)  愚蠢的自负，浮夸 [variant of COCKSCOMB, originally (a cap worn by) a jester]

coxswain /ˈkɒks(ə)n, -swein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the steersman of a ship's boat, lifeboat, racing boat, etc. (小船、救生艇、赛艇等的)舵手 2 Brit.  the senior petty officer in a small ship [英] (小艇的)艇长 ●v.  1 intr.  act as a coxswain 当舵手 2 tr.  act as a coxswain of 为…当舵手 □ coxswainship  n.   [Middle English, from cock (see COCKBOAT) + SWAIN: cf. BOATSWAIN]

Coy. abbr. esp. Mil. [缩略] (尤)【军】  Company 

coy /kɔi/ adj. (coyer, coyest)  1  archly or affectedly shy (淘气或假装)腼腆的，忸怩作态的 2  irritatingly reticent 含糊其词的，不愿作答的  always coy about her age  总是不愿说出她的年龄 3  modest or shy, esp. in sexual matters (尤指对于性方面的事情)害羞的，羞答答的 □ coyly  adv.  □ coyness  n.   [Middle English via Old French coi, quei from Latin quietus QUIET]

coyote /ˈkɔiəʊt, kɔiˈəʊti/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or coyotes)  a wolflike wild dog, Canis latrans, native to N. America 郊狼，丛林狼(野生犬类动物，产于北美) [Mexican Spanish from Nahuatl coyotl]

coypu /ˈkɔipu:/ n. (pl. coypus)  an aquatic beaver-like rodent, Myocastor coypus, native to S. America, naturalized in parts of Europe and the US, and kept in captivity for its fur 河狸鼠，獭狸(一种形似海狸的啮齿动物，原产于南美洲，现在欧洲及美国部分地区人工饲养以取其毛皮) [Araucanian (a Chilean language)]

coz /kʌz/ n. archaic except N. Amer.  cousin [古义] [北美除外]堂(或表)兄弟姐妹 [abbreviation]

cozen /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ v. literary [文学用语]  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, out of)  cheat, defraud 欺骗，哄骗；诈骗 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  beguile; persuade 诱使；劝说 3 intr.  act deceitfully 干欺骗勾当 □ cozenage  n.   [16th-c.: perhaps via Italian from Latin cocio ‘dealer’]

cozy US var.  of COSY [美] COSY 的变体

CP abbr. [缩略]  1  Communist Party 共产党 2 (in South Africa) Conservative Party (南非)保守党

c.p. abbr. [缩略]  candlepower 

cp. abbr. [缩略]  compare 

Cpl abbr. [缩略]  Corporal 

CPO abbr.  Chief Petty Officer [缩略] (美海军)军士长；(英海军)上士

CPR abbr. [缩略]  1  Canadian Pacific Railway 加拿大太平洋铁路 2  cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏

CPRE abbr.  Council for the Protection of Rural England [缩略]英格兰田园保护委员会

CPS abbr. (in the UK) Crown Prosecution Service [缩略] (英国)王室刑事诉讼机构

cps abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 c.p.s.)  1 Computing  characters per second 【计算】每秒字符数 2  cycles per second 每秒周数，周 / 秒，赫兹

CPSA abbr. (in the UK) Civil and Public Services Association [缩略] (英国)文职及公职雇员协会

CPU abbr. Computing  central processing unit [缩略]【计算】中央处理装置，中央处理器

CR abbr.  Community of the Resurrection [缩略] (英国国教会)复活社

Cr symb. Chem.  the element chromium [符]【化】(化学元素)铬

Cr. abbr. [缩略]  1  Councillor  2  credit 

crab1 /kræb/ n.  1  a  any of numerous ten-footed crustaceans having the first pair of legs modified as pincers 蟹，螃蟹b  the flesh of a crab, esp. Cancer pagurus, as food 蟹肉(尤指黄道蟹肉) 2 (作 the Crab)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Cancer 巨蟹星座 3 (in full 全称 crab louse) (often in pl. 常用复数)  a parasitic louse, Phthirus pubis, infesting hairy parts of the body and causing extreme irritation 毛虱，阴虱(寄生在人体有毛发部位的虱子) 4  a machine for hoisting heavy weights 蟹爪式起重机，绞车 □ catch a crab  Rowing  effect a faulty stroke in which the oar is jammed under water or misses the water altogether 【划艇】失一桨(划船时桨划得过深或划空)□ crablike  adj.  行走似蟹的，斜行的 [Old English crabba, related to Old Norse krafla ‘scratch’]

crab2 /kræb/ n.  1 (in full 全称 crab apple)  a small sour apple-like fruit 苹果状酸味小水果(如沙果、海棠、花红等) 2 (in full 全称 crab tree or crab-apple tree)  a tree that bears such fruit, esp. the European wild apple, Malus sylvestris 海棠树，沙果树，(尤指)欧洲野苹果树 3  a sour person 脾气乖戾的人 [Middle English, perhaps alteration (influenced by CRAB1 or CRABBED) of earlier scrab, probably of Scandinavian origin]

crab3 /kræb/ v. (crabbed, crabbing) colloq. [口]  1 tr. & intr.  criticize adversely or captiously; grumble 找岔子，挑剔；抱怨 2 tr.  act so as to spoil 破坏，损害  the mistake crabbed his chances  那个错误使他失去了一些机会 [originally of hawks fighting, from Middle Low German krabben]

crabbed /ˈkræbid, kræbd/ adj.  1  = CRABBY 1  2 (of handwriting) ill-formed and hard to decipher (字迹)潦草的，难辨认的 3  perverse or cross-grained 倔强的，任性的 4  difficult to understand 难懂的，晦涩的 □ crabbedly  adv.  □ crabbedness  n.   [Middle English from CRAB1, associated with CRAB2]

crabby /ˈkræbi/ adj. (crabbier, crabbiest)  1  irritable; morose 易怒的，脾气坏的 2  = CRABBED 3  □ crabbily  adv.  □ crabbiness  n.  

crabgrass /ˈkræbɡrɑ:s/ n.  a creeping grass, esp. the weed Digitaria sanguinalis 一种蔓生的野草(尤指马唐草)

crab louse  see 见 CRAB1 3 

crabmeat /ˈkræbmi:t/ n.  = CRAB1 1b 

crab pot n.  a wicker trap for crabs 蟹笼(用柳条编制的捕蟹笼子)

crabwise /ˈkræbwaiz/ adv. & attrib. adj. (of movement) sideways or backwards like a crab (指动作)横向(的)，向侧边(的)；向后(的)

crack /kræk/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a sudden sharp or explosive noise 爆裂声，噼啪声  the crack of a whip  鞭子的噼啪声 a rifle crack  步枪射击声b (in a voice) a sudden harshness or change in pitch (说话声音)突然嘶哑，变调 2  a sharp blow 猛的一击  a crack on the head  猛击头部 3  a  a narrow opening formed by a break 裂口，豁口；缝隙  entered through a crack in the wall  从墙的裂缝里进去b  a partial fracture, with the parts still joined 裂缝，裂纹  the teacup has a crack in it  这个茶杯上有一条裂纹c  a chink 门缝，开裂  looked through the crack formed by the door  透过门缝观望 a crack of light  一线光亮 4 colloq.  a mischievous or malicious remark or aside [口]俏皮话，挖苦话，笑话；离题的话  a nasty crack about my age  关于我的年龄的俏皮话 5 colloq.  an attempt [口]一试，尝试  I'll have a crack at it  我要尝试一下这件事 6  the exact moment 片刻，瞬间  the crack of dawn  黎明，破晓 7 Brit. colloq.  a first-rate player, horse, etc. [英口]运动健将；骏马 8 Brit. dial. colloq.  conversation; good company; fun [英方] [口]谈话，聊天；好伙伴；乐趣  only went there for the crack  去那里只是为了聊天 9 slang  a potent hard crystalline form of cocaine broken into small pieces and inhaled or smoked for its stimulating effect [俚语]强效晶状可卡因 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  break without a complete separation of the parts (使)破裂，(使)裂纹  cracked the window  打破窗户 the cup cracked on hitting the floor  杯子一掉在地板上便摔出了裂纹 2 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a sudden sharp or explosive sound 发出爆裂声，使噼啪作响 3 intr. & tr.  break or cause to break with a sudden sharp sound (使)爆裂，(使)啪地一声破碎 4 intr. & tr.  give way or cause to give way (under torture etc.); yield (因酷刑等) (使)垮下，(使)退让；屈服 5 intr. (of the voice, esp. of an adolescent boy or a person under strain) become dissonant; break (说话声音)变粗，变嘶哑；(青春期男孩的嗓音)变声 6 tr. colloq.  find a solution to (a problem, code, etc.) [口]解决(难题)；破译(密码等) 7 tr.  say (a joke etc.) in a jocular way 打趣，开玩笑 8 tr. colloq.  hit sharply or hard [口]猛击，撞击  cracked her head on the ceiling  她的头撞在了天花板上 9 tr. Chem.  decompose (heavy oils) by heat and pressure with or without a catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons (such as petrol) 【化】使裂化，使分解(指用高温高压的方法从重油中制取轻油) 10 tr.  break (wheat) into coarse pieces 碾麦(成粗颗粒) ●attrib. adj.  excellent; first-rate 优秀的；极好的；一流的  a crack regiment  顶呱呱的一个团 a crack shot  神枪手 □ crack a bottle   open a bottle, esp. of wine, and drink it (尤指)开瓶饮酒□ crack a crib  Brit. slang  break into a house [英] [俚语]破门而入□ crack down on  colloq.  take severe measures against [口]对…采取严厉措施；镇压，制裁□ cracked up to be  colloq.  glowingly asserted to be [口]吹捧，夸赞□ crack of doom   a peal of thunder announcing the Day of Judgement 世界末日的霹雳□ crack up  colloq. [口]  1  collapse under strain (身体或精神)压垮，垮掉 2  burst into laughter 捧腹大笑□ fair crack of the whip  Brit. colloq.  a fair chance to participate etc. [英口]均等的参与机会□ get cracking  colloq.  begin promptly and vigorously [口]马上开始，大干起来□ have a crack at  colloq.  attempt [口]尝试(一下) [Old English cracian ‘resound’]

crack-brained adj. colloq.  crazy [口]疯狂的；头脑发热的

crackdown /ˈkrækdaʊn/ n. colloq.  severe measures (esp. against law-breakers etc.) [口] (尤指对违法者的)严惩，制裁

cracked /krækt/ adj.  1  having cracks 破裂的，有裂纹的 2 (作 predic.) slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的，狂热的

cracked wheat n.  wheat that has been crushed into small pieces 碾成碎粒的小麦

cracker /ˈkrækə/ n.  1  a paper cylinder both ends of which are pulled at Christmas etc. making a sharp noise and releasing a small toy etc. 彩色爆竹(圣诞节等节日的娱乐用品，内装小件礼物，两端一拉便噼啪作响) 2  a firework exploding with a sharp noise 爆竹 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an instrument for cracking 破碎器，破碎机  nutcrackers  破坚果钳子 4  a  a thin dry biscuit often eaten with cheese 薄脆饼干b  a light crisp made of rice or tapioca flour (米粉或木薯淀粉制作的)松脆食品 5 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  an attractive person, esp. a woman 有吸引力的人(尤指女人)b  a fine example of something 典型事例  a cracker of a match  典型的一次比赛 6 US offens. [美] [冒犯]  = POOR WHITE 

cracker-barrel attrib. adj. N. Amer. (of philosophy etc.) homespun; unsophisticated [北美] (哲学等)朴素的，质朴的；实用的

crackerjack /ˈkrækədʒæk/ adj. & n. US slang [美] [俚语] ●adj.  exceptionally fine or expert 格外出色的；经验丰富的 ●n.  an exceptionally fine thing or person 出色的事物；杰出的人，能手

crackers /ˈkrækəz/ predic. adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的，狂热的

cracking /ˈkrækiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●adj.  1  outstanding; very good 显著的；极好的  a cracking performance  出色的演出 2 (作 attrib.)  fast and exciting 敏捷而激动的  a cracking speed  闪电般的速度 ●adv.  outstandingly 非常，极其  a cracking good time  一个极好的时期

crack-jaw adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj. (of a word) difficult to pronounce (单词)拗口的，难发音的 ●n.  such a word 拗口的单词

crackle /ˈkræk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a repeated slight cracking sound 发出连续的噼啪声  radio crackled  收音机发出噼啪的声响 fire was crackling  火在噼啪作响 ●n.  1  such a sound 噼啪声 2  a  paintwork, china, or glass decorated with a pattern of minute surface cracks (漆器、瓷器或玻璃器皿上的)碎裂花纹，冰裂纹b  the smooth surface of such paintwork etc. (碎裂花纹漆器等的)光滑表面 □ crackly  adj.   [CRACK + -LE4]

crackling /ˈkrækliŋ/ n.  1  the crisp skin of roast pork (烤猪肉等的)脆皮 2 Brit. slang offens.  attractive women regarded collectively as objects of sexual desire [英] [俚语] [冒犯] (总称)有性魅力的女人 □ bit of crackling  Brit. slang offens.  an attractive woman [英] [俚语] [冒犯]有魅力的女人

cracknel /ˈkrækn(ə)l/ n.  a light crisp biscuit 松脆饼干 [Middle English via French craquelin from Middle Dutch krɑˉkelinc, from krɑˉken CRACK]

crackpot /ˈkrækpɒt/ n. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n.  an eccentric or impractical person 怪僻的人；不切实际的人 ●adj.  mad, unworkable 疯狂的；不切实际的  a crackpot scheme  不切实际的计划

cracksman /ˈkræksmən/ n. (pl. -men) slang  a burglar, esp. a safe-breaker [俚语]窃贼(尤指保险箱窃贼)

crack-up n. colloq. [口]  1  a mental breakdown 精神崩溃 2  a car crash (汽车)碰撞，撞毁

crack willow n.  a species of willow, Salix fragilis, with brittle branches 爆竹柳(一种枝条易折的柳树)

cracky /ˈkræki/ adj.  covered with cracks (表面)有裂纹的

-cracy /krəsi/ comb. form  denoting a particular form of government, rule, or influence (aristocracy 贵族阶层 ; bureaucracy 官僚主义) [构词成分]表示“政体”，“统治”，“影响” [from or suggested by French -cratie via medieval Latin -cratia from Greek -kratia, from kratos ‘strength, power’]

cradle /ˈkreid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a child's bed or cot, esp. one mounted on rockers 摇篮，小床b  a place in which a thing begins, esp. a civilization etc., or is nurtured in its infancy (尤指人类文明的)策源地，发源地  cradle of choral singing  合唱的发源地 cradle of democracy  民主的策源地 2  a framework resembling a cradle, esp. (尤指): 类似于摇篮的框架a  that on which a ship, a boat, etc., rests during construction or repairs (修造船只用的)托架，垫架，座b  that on which a worker is suspended to work on a ceiling, a ship, the vertical side of a building, etc. (修理屋顶、轮船或建筑的垂直面等的)吊篮，吊架c  the part of a telephone on which the receiver rests when not in use (电话听筒的)叉簧，听筒架 ●v. tr.  1  contain or shelter as if in a cradle (像放入摇篮似地)抱(或遮蔽)  cradled his head in her arms  (她)用胳膊搂着他的头 2  place in a cradle 把…放入摇篮 □ from the cradle   from infancy 从幼年起□ from the cradle to the grave   from infancy till death (esp. of state welfare) (尤指国家福利)从生到死，一生 [Old English cradol, perhaps related to Old High German kratto ‘basket’]

cradle-snatcher n. slang  a person amorously attached to a much younger person [俚语]追求比自己年轻得多的异性的人

cradle song n.  a lullaby 摇篮曲，催眠曲

cradling /ˈkreidliŋ/ n. Archit.  a wooden or iron framework, esp. one used as a structural support in a ceiling 【建】(尤指用于支撑天花板的)弧顶架

craft /krɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  skill, esp. in practical arts 工艺，手艺 2  a (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  a trade or an art 行业，职业；技艺，艺术  statecraft  治国才能 handicraft  手工艺 priestcraft  祭司的本领 the craft of pottery  陶瓷业b  the members of a craft 行会会员 3 (pl. craft)  a  a boat or vessel 船，舰b  an aircraft or spacecraft 飞机，航空器，航天器 4  cunning or deceit 狡诈，诡诈，骗术 5 (作 the Craft)  the brotherhood of Freemasons 共济会 ●v. tr.  make in a skilful way 精心制作  crafted a poem  精心构思一首诗 a well-crafted piece of work  一件精心制作的作品 [Old English crœft]

craft-brother n.  a fellow worker in the same trade 同行，同行业的人

craft guild n. hist.  a guild of workers of the same trade [史义]行会，同业公会

craftsman /ˈkrɑ:f(t)smən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. craftswoman, pl. -women)  1  a skilled and usu. time-served worker 能工巧匠 2  a person who practises a handicraft 手艺人，工匠 3 Brit.  a qualified private soldier in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers [英]皇家电气和机械工程部队列兵 □ craftsmanship  n.   [Middle English, originally craft's man]

craftsperson /ˈkrɑ:f(t)spɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. craftspeople)  a craftsman or craftswoman (不分性别)工匠，手艺人

craftwork /ˈkrɑ:ftwɜ:k/ n.  work produced by a craftsperson 工艺品 □ craftworker  n.  

crafty /ˈkrɑ:fti/ adj. (craftier, craftiest)  cunning, artful, wily 狡猾的，诡计多端的；机灵的，灵巧的 □ craftily  adv.  □ craftiness  n.   [Old English crœftig]

crag1 /kræɡ/ n.  a steep or rugged rock 悬崖，峭壁 [Middle English, of Celtic origin]

crag2 /kræɡ/ n. Brit. Geol.  rock consisting of a shelly sand [英]【地质】砂质泥灰岩 [18th c.: perhaps from CRAG1]

craggy /ˈkræɡi/ adj. (craggier, craggiest)  1 (esp. of a person's face) rugged; rough-textured (尤指人的面部)粗糙的；多皱纹的 2 (of a landscape) having crags (风景)多岩石的；崎岖的；陡峭的 □ craggily  adv.  □ cragginess  n.  

cragsman /ˈkræɡzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a skilled climber of crags 攀崖能手

Craig /kreig/   克雷格 [人名]

crake /kreik/ n.  1  a bird of the rail family, esp. a corncrake, or one of the shorter-billed kinds of the genus Porzana 一种秧鸡科禽类(尤指长脚秧鸡或田鸡属短喙田鸡) 2  the cry of a corncrake 长脚秧鸡的啼叫声 [Middle English from Old Norse krɑˊka (imitative) : cf. CROAK]

cram /kræm/ v. (crammed, cramming)  1 tr.  a  fill to bursting; stuff 把…塞满，把…装满  the room was crammed  屋子被挤得满满的b (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  force (a thing) into 把(某物)塞进  cram the sandwiches into the bag  把三明治塞进书包里 2 tr. & intr.  prepare for an examination by intensive study (为应付考试而)抓紧学习，填鸭式学习 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  feed (poultry etc.) to excess 给(家禽等)强行喂食，填食 4 tr. & intr. colloq.  eat greedily [口]贪婪地吃，狼吞虎咽地吃 □ cram in   push in to bursting point 塞进，挤满(到爆裂的程度)  crammed in another five minutes' work  又见缝插针干了 5 分钟的活 [Old English crammian, from Germanic]

crambo /ˈkræmbəʊ/ n.  a game in which a player gives a word or verse-line to which each of the others must find a rhyme 对韵游戏(游戏的一方说出一个词或一行诗，对方则以同韵的词或诗来应对) [earlier crambe, apparently allusive from Latin crambe repetita ‘cabbage served up again’, hence ‘distasteful rhyming or repetition’]

cram-full adj.  as full as possible 塞满的，充满的

crammer /ˈkræmə/ n. Brit.  a person or institution that crams pupils for examinations [英]填鸭式教学的教师(或学校)

cramp /kræmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles due to cold, exertion, etc. (由于寒冷、劳累等引起的)肌肉痉挛，痛性痉挛，抽筋b  = WRITER'S CRAMP  2 (also 亦作 cramp-iron)  a metal bar with bent ends for holding masonry etc. together (夹砖石用的)铁夹钳，夹钳 3  a portable tool for holding two planks etc. together; a clamp (固定木板等用的)两爪钉，扣钉，爬钉 4  a restraint 束缚(物)，约束(物) ●v. tr.  1  affect with cramp 痉挛，抽筋 2  confine narrowly 限制(在狭小范围) 3  restrict (energies etc.) 束缚，约束(精力、能量等) 4 (as 作 cramped adj.) (of handwriting) small and difficult to read (字迹)小而且难辨认的 5  fasten with a cramp 用夹钳夹紧，用爬钉固定住 □ cramp a person's style   prevent a person from acting freely or naturally 使某人不能自由地(或正常地)发挥□ cramp up   confine narrowly 严格限制 [Middle English via Old French crampe from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German krampe, Old High German krampfo, from an adj. meaning ‘bent’: cf. CRIMP]

crampon /ˈkræmpən/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an iron plate with spikes fixed to a boot for walking on ice, climbing, etc. (冰上行走或登山时防滑的)带钉铁鞋底 2  a metal hook for lifting timber, rock, etc.; a grappling iron 起重吊钩，抓钩 [Middle English from French (as CRAMP)]

cran /kræn/ n. Sc.  a measure for fresh herrings (37(1/2) gallons) [苏格兰]鲱斗(鲜鲱鱼的计量单位，合 37.5 加仑) [Gaelic crann, of uncertain origin]

cranage /ˈkreinidʒ/ n.  1  the use of a crane or cranes 起重机的使用 2  the money paid for this 起重机使用费

cranberry /ˈkrænb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any evergreen shrub of the genus Vaccinium, esp. V. macrocarpon of America and V. oxycoccos of Europe, yielding small red acid berries 越橘属常青灌木(尤指美洲的大果越橘和欧洲的酸果蔓，结红色小浆果) 2  a berry from this used for a sauce and in cooking Also called 亦称作 fen-berry (作沙司或烹饪用的)越橘果实 [17th c.: named by American colonists from German Kranbeere, Low German kranebere ‘crane-berry’]

crane /krein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a machine for moving heavy objects, usu. by suspending them from a projecting arm or beam 起重机，吊车 2  a tall bird of the family Gruidae, with long legs, long neck, and straight bill, esp. the grey Grus grus of Europe 鹤(尤指欧洲的灰鹤) 3  a moving platform supporting a television camera or cine-camera (电视摄像机或电影摄影机的)升降台架 ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  stretch out (one's neck) in order to see something 伸长脖子，探头去看 2 tr.  move (an object) by a crane (用起重机)吊运，升降 [Old English cran, related to Latin grus, Greek geranos]

crane-fly n. (pl. -flies)  a large two-winged fly of the family Tipulidae, with very long legs Also called 亦称作 daddy-long-legs 大蚊(一种体细足长的大蚊科双翅飞虫，形似蚊子但不叮人)

cranesbill /ˈkreinzbil/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Geranium, with usu. purple, violet, or pink five-petalled flowers 老鹳草属植物(通常开紫、紫罗兰或粉红色的五瓣花朵) [named from the long spur on the fruit, likened to a bird's bill]

cranial /ˈkreiniəl/ adj.  of or relating to the skull 颅骨的，头盖骨的 [CRANIUM + -AL]

cranial index n.  the ratio of the width and length of a skull 颅指数(指颅骨的长宽比例)

cranial nerve n. Anat.  each of twelve pairs of nerves arising directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord 【解】颅神经

craniate /ˈkreiniət/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  having a skull 有颅骨的，有头骨的 ●n.  a craniate animal 有头动物，颅骨动物(指脊椎动物) [modern Latin craniatus from CRANIUM]

cranio- /ˈkreiniəʊ/ comb. form  cranium [构词成分]颅

craniology /kreiniˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of the shape and size of the human skull 颅骨学，头骨学(研究人类颅骨形状和大小的学科) □ craniological  /kreiniəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ craniologist  n.  

craniometry /kreiniˈɒmitri/ n.  the scientific measurement of skulls 颅骨测量法，头骨测定学 □ craniometric  /-niəˈmetrik/ adj.  

craniotomy /kreiniˈɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  surgical removal of a portion of the skull 颅骨切开术 2  surgical perforation of the skull of a dead foetus to ease delivery 穿颅术(即用手术方法穿透死胎的头骨以便分娩)

cranium /ˈkreiniəm/ n. (pl. craniums or crania /-niə/)  the skull, esp. the part that encloses the brain 颅骨，头盖骨，脑壳(尤指包住大脑的部位) [Middle English via medieval Latin from Greek kranion ‘skull’]

crank1 /kræŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  part of an axle or shaft bent at right angles for interconverting reciprocal and circular motion (将往复运动转换为循环运动的)曲柄，曲轴 2  an elbow-shaped connection in bell-hanging (悬挂钟表用的)肘形连接物 ●v. tr.  1  cause to move by means of a crank 用曲柄启动 2  a  bend into a crank-shape 把…弯成曲柄状b  furnish or fasten with a crank 给…装上曲柄 □ crank up   1  start (a car engine) by turning a crank 用曲柄启动(汽车发动机) 2 colloq.  increase (speed etc.) by intensive effort [口]加快…的速度 [Old English cranc, apparently from crincan, related to cringan ‘fall in battle’, originally ‘curl up’]

crank2 /kræŋk/ n.  1  a  an eccentric person, esp. one obsessed by a particular theory 古怪的人，怪僻的人(尤指受某种理论困扰而行为古怪者)  health-food crank  有健康饮食怪僻的人b N. Amer.  a bad-tempered person [北美]脾气坏的人 2 literary  a fanciful turn of speech [文学用语]奇怪的措辞  quips and cranks  [back-formation from CRANKY]

crank3 /kræŋk/ adj. Naut.  liable to capsize 【海】有倾覆危险的 [perhaps from crank ‘weak, shaky’, or CRANK1]

crankcase /ˈkræŋkkeis/ n.  a case enclosing a crankshaft 曲轴箱

crankpin /ˈkræŋkpin/ n.  a pin by which a connecting rod is attached to a crank 曲柄销

crankshaft /ˈkræŋkʃɑ:ft/ n.  a shaft driven by a crank (see 见 CRANK1 n. 1) 曲轴

cranky /ˈkræŋki/ adj. (crankier, crankiest)  1 colloq.  eccentric, esp. obsessed with a particular theory [口]古怪的，怪僻的(尤指受某种理论困扰的)  cranky ideas about women  关于女人的怪念头 2 (esp. of a machine) working badly; shaky (尤指机器)运转不正常的，有毛病的；摇晃的 3 esp. N. Amer.  ill-tempered or crotchety [尤北美]脾气坏的，暴躁的 □ crankily  adv.  □ crankiness  n.   [perhaps from obsolete crank ‘rogue feigning sickness’]

crannog /ˈkrænəɡ/ n.  an ancient lake-dwelling in Scotland or Ireland (古代苏格兰和爱尔兰)湖上住宅 [Irish from crann ‘tree, beam’]

cranny /ˈkræni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a chink, a crevice, a crack 裂缝，裂口，缝隙 □ crannied  /-id/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French crané, past part. of craner, from cran, from popular Latin crena ‘notch’]

crap1 /kræp/ n., v. & adj. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●n.  1 (often as 常作 int.)  nonsense, rubbish 胡扯，废话  he talks crap  他总是胡扯 2  faeces 粪便，屎 ●v. intr. (crapped, crapping)  defecate 排便，通大便 ●adj.  of bad quality; useless, inferior 劣质的，低劣的；无用的 □ crap out  US [美]  1  be unsuccessful 失败，不成功 2  withdraw from a game etc. 退出比赛(游戏等) [earlier senses ‘chaff, refuse from fat-boiling’: Middle English from Dutch krappe]

crap2 /kræp/ n. N. Amer.  a losing throw of 2, 3, or 12 in craps [北美]输掉赌注的一掷(即在掷骰子赌博中掷出 2 、 3 或 12 点) [see CRAPS]

crape /kreip/ n.  1  crêpe, usu. of black silk or imitation silk, formerly used for mourning clothes (旧时为表示哀悼而披戴的)黑色皱绸 2  a band of this formerly worn round a person's hat etc. as a sign of mourning (佩戴在袖子或帽子上以表示哀悼的)黑纱 □ crapy  adj.   [earlier crispe, crespe, from French crespe CRÊPE]

crape fern n.  a New Zealand fern, Leptopteris superba, with tall dark green fronds 新西兰蕨(多年生草本植物，生长在山野草地里，因其叶子色黑绿似皱绸而得名)

crape hair n. Brit.  artificial hair used in stage make-up [英] (舞台化妆用的)人造毛发

crap game n.  a game of craps 掷骰子赌博游戏

crappy /ˈkræpi/ adj. (crappier, crappiest) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  rubbishy, cheap 毫无价值的，蹩脚的 2  disgusting 讨厌的

craps /kræps/ n. pl. N. Amer.  a gambling game played with dice [北美]掷骰子赌博游戏 □ shoot craps   play craps 掷双骰子赌钱 [19th c.: perhaps from crab ‘lowest throw at dice’]

crapulent /ˈkræpjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  given to indulging in alcohol 纵酒的 2  resulting from drunkenness 醉酒引起的 3  drunk 酩酊大醉的 □ crapulence  n.  狂饮暴食□ crapulous  adj.   [Late Latin crapulentus ‘very drunk’ via Latin crapula ‘inebriation’ from Greek kraipalē ‘drunken headache’]

craquelure /ˈkrækljʊə/ n.  a network of fine cracks in a painting or its varnish (油画或其表层清漆细微的)龟裂纹 [French, from craqueler ‘to crackle’]

crash1 /kræʃ/ v., n. & adv. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a loud smashing noise (使)发出哗啦声响；发破裂声  the cymbals crashed  钹发出铿锵的响声 crashed the plates together  使碟子碰撞发出哗啦的响声 2 tr. & intr.  throw, drive, move, or fall with a loud smashing noise 哗啦一声掷出(或坠落) 3 intr. & tr.  a  collide or cause (a vehicle) to collide violently with another vehicle, obstacle, etc.; overturn at high speed (使车辆等)猛撞，撞毁；(急速)翻车b  fall or cause (an aircraft) to fall violently on to the land or the sea (使飞机)坠毁  crashed the plane  使飞机坠毁 the airman crashed into the sea  那飞行员坠落在大海里 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  collide violently 猛烈碰撞  crashed into the window  猛地撞在窗户上 5 intr.  undergo financial ruin 倒闭，破产 6 tr. colloq.  enter without permission [口] (未经许可)擅自闯入  crashed the cocktail party  未经邀请擅自闯入鸡尾酒会 7 intr. colloq.  be heavily defeated [口]失败，惨败  crashed to a 4 － 0 defeat  以 0 比 4 惨败 8 intr. Computing (of a machine or system) fail suddenly 【计算】(机器或系统)突然故障 9 tr. colloq.  pass (a red traffic light etc.) [口]闯(红灯等) 10 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) slang  go to sleep, esp. in an improvised setting [俚语] (尤指临时)借宿 ●n.  1  a  a loud and sudden smashing noise (突然的)破裂声；(巨大的)哗啦声  a thunder crash  轰隆隆的雷声 the crash of crockery  陶瓷器皿摔碎的哗啦声b  a breakage (esp. of crockery, glass, etc.) (尤指陶瓷、玻璃等的)破碎，毁坏 2  a  a violent collision, esp. of one vehicle with another or with an object (尤指车辆)猛撞，撞毁b  the violent fall of an aircraft on to the land or sea (飞机的)坠毁 3  ruin, esp. financial (尤指金融)崩溃，暴跌 4 Computing  a sudden failure which puts a system out of action 【计算】(系统的)突然故障 5 (作 attrib.)  done rapidly or urgently 应急的，速成的  a crash course in first aid  急救知识速成课程 a crash diet  应急食品，速效饮食 ●adv.  with a crash 哗啦一声地  the window went crash  窗户玻璃哗啦一声碎了 [Middle English: imitative]

crash2 /kræʃ/ n.  a coarse plain linen, cotton, etc., fabric 粗纺麻布(棉布等) [Russian krashenina ‘coloured linen’]

crash barrier n. Brit.  a barrier intended to prevent a vehicle from leaving the road etc. [英] (公路等双行车道之间的)碰撞护栏

crash-dive v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a submarine or its pilot) dive hastily and steeply in an emergency (潜水艇或其驾驶员)紧急下潜，急速潜没b (of an aircraft or its pilot) dive and crash (飞机或其驾驶员)俯冲坠毁 2 tr.  cause to crash-dive 使急速下潜 ●n.  such a dive 急速下潜；俯冲坠毁

crash-halt n. Brit.  a sudden stop by a vehicle [英] (车辆)急刹车，突然停车

crash helmet n.  a helmet worn esp. by a motorcyclist to protect the head in case of a crash (尤指摩托车手戴的)防撞头盔，安全帽

crashing /ˈkræʃiŋ/ adj. colloq.  overwhelming [口]势不可挡的，十足的，极度的  a crashing bore  讨厌透顶的人(或物)

crash-land v.  1 intr. (of an aircraft or its pilot) land hurriedly with a crash, usu. without lowering the undercarriage (飞机或其驾驶员)强迫着陆，摔机着陆 2 tr.  cause (an aircraft) to crash-land 使(飞机)强迫着陆 □ crash landing  n.  迫降，强迫着陆

crash pad n. slang  a place to sleep, esp. in an emergency [俚语] (尤指紧急时的)临时借宿处，临时住处

crash-stop n.  = CRASH-HALT 

crash-tackle n. Brit. Football  a vigorous tackle [英]【足球】凶猛抢截

crasis /ˈkreisis/ n. (pl. crases /-si:z/)  the contraction of two adjacent vowels in ancient Greek into one long vowel or diphthong 融接，元音结合(指相邻的两个元音组合成一个长元音或双元音) [Greek krasis ‘mixture’]

crass /kræs/ adj.  1  grossly stupid 极其愚钝的，非常愚蠢的  a crass idea  一个非常愚蠢的想法 2  gross 完全的，十足的  crass stupidity  愚不可及 3 literary  thick or gross [文学用语]粗厚的，粗糙的 □ crassitude  n.  粗俗，冷酷；愚钝；粗厚，粗糙□ crassly  adv.  □ crassness  n.   [Latin crassus ‘solid, thick’]

-crat /kræt/ comb. form  a member or supporter of a particular form of government or rule (autocrat 独裁者 ; democrat 民主主义者，民主人士) [构词成分]某种形式的政府的一分子(或支持者)，某种政体的支持者 [from or suggested by French -crate: see -CRACY]

cratch /krætʃ/ n. Brit. dial.  a rack used for holding food for farm animals out of doors [英方] (户外的)饲料架，饲料槽 [Middle English via Old French creche from Germanic: related to CRIB]

crate /kreit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large wickerwork basket or slatted wooden case etc. for packing esp. fragile goods for transportation (尤指装运易碎货物的)板条箱，柳条箱 2 slang  an old aeroplane or other vehicle [俚语]破旧飞机(汽车) ●v. tr.  pack in a crate 用板条箱(或柳条箱)装 □ crateful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一板条箱的量 [Middle English, perhaps from Dutch krat ‘basket’]

crater /ˈkreitə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the mouth of a volcano 火山口 2  a bowl-shaped cavity, esp. that made by the explosion of a shell or bomb (尤指呈碗状的)炮弹坑，炸弹坑 3 Astron.  a hollow with a raised rim on the surface of a planet or moon, caused by the impact of a meteorite 【天】(月球或其他行星表面的)环形山，陨石坑 4 Antiq.  a large ancient Greek bowl, used for mixing wine [古] (古希腊调酒用的)大碗 ●v. tr.  form a crater in 在…上形成坑 □ craterous  adj.   [Latin from Greek kratēr ‘mixing-bowl’: see CRASIS]

-cratic /ˈkrætik/ comb. form (also 亦作 -cratical)  denoting a particular kind of government or rule (autocratic 独裁的，专制的 ; democratic 民主政治的，民主政体的) [构词成分]表示“某种政体或统治” □ -cratically  comb. form (adv.) [构词成分]  用于构成副词 [from or suggested by French -cratique: see -CRACY]

craton /ˈkrætɒn/ n. Geol.  a large stable block of the earth's crust 【地质】克拉通，稳定地块 [alteration of kratogen (= craton) from Greek kratus ‘strength’ + -GEN]

cravat /krəˈvæt/ n.  1  a scarf worn by men inside an open-necked shirt (男士的)围巾 2 hist.  a necktie [史义]领结，领带 □ cravatted  adj.   [French cravate via German Krawat, Kroat from Serbo-Croat Hrvat ‘Croat’ (from the scarf worn by Croatian mercenaries in France)]

crave /kreiv/ v.  1 tr.  a  long for 渴望得到  craved affection  渴望得到的爱b  beg for 恳求，乞求  craves a blessing  祈神赐福 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  long for; beg for 渴望；恳求  craved for comfort  渴望舒适安逸 □ craver  n.   [Old English crafian, related to Old Norse krof ‘a request’]

craven /ˈkreiv(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a person, behaviour, etc.) cowardly; abject (指人、行为等)怯懦的，胆小的；自卑的 ●n.  a cowardly person 懦夫，胆小鬼 □ cravenly  adv.  □ cravenness  /ˈkreiv(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English cravand etc. perhaps from Old French cravanté ‘defeated’, past part. of cravanter, ultimately from Latin crepare ‘burst’; assimilated to -EN3]

craving /ˈkreiviŋ/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a strong desire or longing 强烈的愿望，渴望

craw /krɔ:/ n. Zool.  the crop of a bird or insect 【动】(鸟或昆虫的)嗉囊 □ stick in one's craw   be unacceptable 难以接受 [Middle English, related to Middle Dutch crɑˉghe, Middle Low German krage, Middle High German krage ‘neck, throat’]

crawfish /ˈkrɔ:fiʃ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = CRAYFISH  ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) US colloq.  retreat; back out [美口]退却；后退；退出 [variant of CRAYFISH]

crawl /krɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  move slowly, esp. on hands and knees 爬，爬行(尤指匍匐前进) 2 (of an insect, snake, etc.) move slowly with the body close to the ground etc. (昆虫、蛇等)蠕动，爬行 3  walk or move slowly 缓慢移动，徐徐行进  the train crawled into the station  火车缓慢地驶进了车站 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  behave obsequiously or ingratiatingly in the hope of advantage [口]卑躬屈膝，奉承拍马 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be covered or filled with crawling or moving things, or with people etc. compared to this 爬满，充斥着(虫、蚁等)；挤满(人等) 6 (esp. of the skin) feel a creepy sensation (尤指皮肤)有蠕虫爬动的感觉，起鸡皮疙瘩 7  swim with a crawl stroke 用爬式游泳 ●n.  1  an act of crawling 爬，爬行，匍匐前进 2  a slow rate of movement 缓慢的行进 3  a high-speed swimming stroke with alternate overarm movements and rapid straight-legged kicks 爬式游泳，自由泳 4  a (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词) Brit. colloq.  a leisurely journey between places of interest [英口] (不慌不忙的)旅行  church crawl  不慌不忙地参观教堂b  = PUB CRAWL  □ crawlingly  adv.  □ crawly  adj. (in senses 5, 6 of v. 用于动词释义 5 和 6)   [Middle English: origin unknown: cf. Swedish kravla, Danish kravle]

crawler /ˈkrɔ:lə/ n.  1 Brit. colloq.  a person who behaves obsequiously in the hope of advantage [英口]马屁精，奴颜卑膝的人 2  anything that crawls, such as an insect, a slow-moving vehicle, etc. 爬行动物；缓慢移动的车辆 3  a tractor moving on an endless caterpillar track 履带式拖拉机 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. US  a baby's overall for crawling in; rompers [尤美] (幼儿穿的)连衫罩裤

crawl space n.  an underfloor space giving access to ducts (地板下面供工人维修管道、电线及其他设备的)爬行空隙

cray /krei/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = CRAYFISH 

crayfish /ˈkreifiʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a small lobster-like freshwater crustacean, esp. of the genus Astacus 淡水螯虾，小龙虾 2  = SPINY LOBSTER  [Middle English from Old French crevice, crevis, ultimately from Old High German krebiz CRAB1: assimilated to FISH1]

crayon /ˈkreiən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stick or pencil of coloured chalk, wax, etc., used for drawing 彩色粉笔，蜡笔，绘画铅笔 2  a drawing made with this 彩色粉笔(或蜡笔、铅笔)画 ●v. tr.  draw with crayons 用彩色粉笔(或蜡笔、铅笔)绘画 [French from craie from Latin creta ‘chalk’]

craze /kreiz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (usu. as 通常作 crazed adj.)  make insane 使发狂，使发疯  crazed with grief  悲痛欲绝 2  a tr.  produce fine surface cracks on (pottery glaze etc.) 使(陶瓷彩釉等)产生细微裂纹b intr.  develop such cracks (陶瓷彩釉等)产生细微裂纹 ●n.  1  a  a usu. temporary enthusiasm (通常指一时的)狂热，激情  a craze for hula hoops  对呼啦圈的狂热b  the object of this 风靡一时的事物 2  an insane fancy or condition 疯狂，躁狂 [Middle English, originally = break, shatter, perhaps from Old Norse]

crazy /ˈkreizi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (crazier, craziest)  1 colloq. (of a person, an action, etc.) insane or mad; foolish [口] (指人、行为等)发疯的，疯狂的；愚蠢的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about) colloq.  extremely enthusiastic [口]狂热的，着迷的 3 slang [俚语]  a  exciting, unrestrained 刺激的，令人激动的；无拘束的，放纵的b  excellent 极好的，美妙的 4 (作 attrib.) (of paving, a quilt, etc.) made of irregular pieces fitted together (路面、被面等)用不规则碎块拼成的 5 archaic (of a ship, building, etc.) unsound, shaky [古义] (船只、建筑物等)不牢固的，摇摇晃晃的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a crazy person or thing [口]疯子，怪人；怪事 □ like crazy  colloq. [口]  = like mad (see 见 MAD) □ crazily  adv.  □ craziness  n.  

crazy bone n. US  the funny bone [美]肱骨内髁部，尺骨肘部的鹰嘴突

crazy paving  see 见 CRAZY 4 

CRC abbr. Printing  camera-ready copy [缩略]【印刷】(不再改动可立即拍照制版的)照相原版

creak /kri:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a harsh scraping or squeaking sound 嘎吱声，(刺耳的)尖叫声 ●v. intr.  1  make a creak 嘎吱嘎吱作响 2  a  move with a creaking noise 发着嘎吱声移动b  move stiffly and awkwardly 僵直笨拙地行进c  show weakness or frailty under strain (在紧张下)暴露出缺点(弱点) □ creakingly  adv.   [Middle English, imitative: cf. CRAKE, CROAK]

creaky /ˈkri:ki/ adj. (creakier, creakiest)  1  liable to creak 易嘎吱作响的 2  a  stiff or frail 僵直的；易损坏的  creaky joints  僵直的关节b (of a practice, institution, etc.) decrepit, dilapidated, outmoded (经验、制度等)陈旧的，破烂的；过时的；废弃的 □ creakily  adv.  □ creakiness  n.  

cream /kri:m/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the fatty content of milk which gathers at the top and can be made into butter by churning 奶油，乳脂b  this eaten (often whipped) with a dessert, as a cake filling, etc. (搅打后用作糕点馅等的)奶油  strawberries and cream  草莓加奶油 cream gateau  大奶油蛋糕 2  the part of a liquid that gathers at the top (浮在液体表面的)油脂部分 3 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the best or choicest part of something, esp. (尤指): 精华，精髓a  the point of an anecdote (趣闻的)要点b  an elite group of people 出类拔萃的人才  the cream of the nation  民族精英 4  a creamlike preparation, esp. a cosmetic (尤指化妆用的)乳霜，雪花膏  hand cream  润手油脂 5  a very pale yellow or off-white colour 奶油色，浅黄色，米色 6  a  a dish or sweet like or made with cream 奶油食品，奶油糖果b  a soup or sauce containing milk or cream 奶油汤；奶油沙司c  a full-bodied mellow sweet sherry 浓醇烈性甜酒，浓醇雪利酒d  a biscuit with a creamy sandwich filling 奶油夹心饼干e  a chocolate-covered usu. fruit-flavoured fondant 巧克力果味软糖，方旦糖 ●v.  1 tr.  a  take the cream from (milk) 从(牛奶)中提取奶油b  take the best or a specified part from 提取(精华)，精选出(最好部分) 2 tr.  work (butter etc.) to a creamy consistency 把(黄油等)搅拌成奶油状 3 tr.  treat (the skin etc.) with cosmetic cream 搽乳霜于(皮肤等) 4 tr.  add cream to (coffee etc.) 给(咖啡等)加奶油 5 intr. (of milk or any other liquid) form a cream or scum (牛奶或其他液体)起泡沫；起浮渣 6 tr. US colloq.  defeat (esp. in a sporting contest) [美口] (尤指体育比赛中)击败 ●adj.  pale yellow; off-white 浅黄色的，乳白色的，米色的 □ cream off   1  take (the best or a specified part) from a whole 提取(精华)，精选出(最好部分)  creamed off the brightest pupils  选拔尖子学生 2  take the best or a specified part from (a whole) 提取精华，选优 [Middle English via Old French cre(s)me from Late Latin cramum (perhaps from Gaulish) & ecclesiastical Latin chrisma CHRISM]

cream bun n. (also 亦作 cream cake) Brit.  a bun or cake filled or topped with cream [英]奶油面包，奶油蛋糕

cream cheese n.  a soft rich cheese made from unskimmed milk and cream 奶油干酪

cream-coloured adj.  pale yellowish white 奶油色的，浅黄色的，米色的

cream cracker n. Brit.  a crisp dry unsweetened biscuit usu. eaten with cheese [英]奶油梳打饼干

creamer /ˈkri:mə/ n.  1  a flat dish used for skimming the cream off milk 奶油分离器，撇奶油浅碟 2  a machine used for separating cream from milk 奶油搅打机 3  a cream or milk substitute for adding to coffee or tea (加入咖啡或茶中的)奶油(或牛奶)替代品 4 N. Amer.  a jug for cream [北美]奶油壶(罐)

creamery /ˈkri:m(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a factory producing butter and cheese 乳制品厂 2  a shop where milk, cream, etc., are sold; a dairy 乳制品商店 [CREAM, suggested by French crémerie]

cream of tartar n.  crystallized potassium hydrogen tartrate, used in medicine, baking powder, etc. 酒石，酒石酸氢钾(药用或作发酵粉等)

cream puff n.  1  a cake made of puff pastry filled with cream 奶油泡夫(蛋糕) 2 colloq.  an ineffectual or effeminate person [口]奶油小生，女人气的男子

cream soda n.  a carbonated vanilla-flavoured soft drink (香草味的)奶油苏打水

cream tea n. Brit.  afternoon tea with scones, jam, and cream [英] (下午的)奶油茶点

creamware /ˈkri:mwɛə/ n.  earthenware of a rich cream colour 米色陶器

creamy /ˈkri:mi/ adj. (creamier, creamiest)  1  like cream in consistency or colour 奶油般黏稠的，奶油色的 2  rich in cream 含大量奶油的 □ creamily  adv.  □ creaminess  n.  

crease1 /kri:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a line in paper etc. caused by folding (纸张等)折痕，折缝b  a fold or wrinkle 皱纹 2 Cricket  a line marking the position of the bowler or batsman (see 见 POPPING CREASE, BOWLING CREASE) 【板球】(投球手、击球手)区域线，界线 3  an area near the goal in ice hockey or lacrosse into which the puck or the ball must precede the players (冰球、长曲棍球的)球门区 ●v.  1 tr.  make creases in (material) 使起折痕，使起皱 2 intr.  become creased 起折痕，起皱  linen creases badly  亚麻布折皱得很厉害 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Brit. colloq.  make or become incapable through laughter [英口] (使)笑得直不起腰来 4 tr. esp. US slang  graze with a bullet [尤美] [俚语] (枪弹)擦伤 [earlier creast = CREST ‘ridge’ (in material)]

crease2 var.  of KRIS  KRIS 的变体

create /kri:ˈeit/ v.  1 tr.  a (of natural or historical forces) bring into existence; cause (自然力或历史原因)使形成；引起，产生  poverty creates resentment  贫穷引起愤懑b (of a person or persons) make or cause (指人)造成，带来  create a diversion  带来消遣 create a good impression  造成好的印象 2 tr.  originate 创造，塑造  an actor creates a part  演员塑造一个角色 3 tr.  invest (a person) with a rank 给(某人)封爵位；授予；任命  created him a lord  封他为勋爵 4 intr. Brit. colloq.  make a fuss; grumble [英口]大惊小怪；发牢骚 □ creatable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin creare]

creatine /ˈkri:əti:n/ n.  a product of protein metabolism found (esp. as the phosphate) in the muscles etc. of vertebrates 肌酸(脊椎动物肌肉中蛋白代谢的产物，尤指磷酸盐(或磷酸脂)) [Greek kreas ‘meat’ + -INE4]

creation /kri:ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of creating 创造，创作b  an instance of this 创造(或创作)的实例 2  a (usu. 通常作 the Creation)  the creating of the universe regarded as an act of God (神的)创世，创造天地b (usu. 通常作 Creation)  everything so created; the universe 创造物；宇宙，世界，天地万物 3  a product of human intelligence, esp. of imaginative thought or artistic ability (智力、想像力的)产物(尤指创作作品、艺术作品) 4  a  the act of investing with a title or rank (职位、爵位等的)授予，册封b  an instance of this (授予的)职位；(册封的)爵位 [Middle English via Old French from Latin creatio -onis (as CREATE)]

creationism /kri:ˈeiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the Biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution 神造说，特创论(一种与进化论相反的学说，认为世间万物不是经演化和发展而来的，而是由上帝一次创造而成的) □ creationist  n.  

creation science n.  the reinterpretation of scientific knowledge in accord with belief in the literal truth of the Bible, esp. regarding the origin of matter, life, and humankind 创世科学(指按照圣经的观点对有关物质、生命和人类起源的科学知识进行的重新解释)

creative /kri:ˈeitiv/ adj.  1  inventive and imaginative 创造性的，想像的 2  creating or able to create 创造的，有创造力的 □ creatively  adv.  □ creativeness  n.  □ creativity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

creative accountancy n. (also 亦作 creative accounting) colloq.  the exploitation of loopholes in financial legislation in order to gain advantage or present figures in a misleadingly favourable light [口]创造性会计(指钻财政立法的空子，伪造账目以谋求私利)

creator /kri:ˈeitə/ n.  1  a person who creates 创造者，创作者 2 (as 作 the Creator)  God 造物主，上帝 [Middle English via Old French creat(o)ur from Latin creator -oris (as CREATE)]

creature /ˈkri:tʃə/ n.  1  a  an animal, as distinct from a human being (区别于人的)动物b  any living being 生物  we are all God's creatures  我们都是上帝创造的生灵 2  a person of a specified kind (某种类型的)人  poor creature  可怜的人 3  a person owing status to and obsequiously subservient to another 受人支配者；驯服工具；走狗，奴才 4  anything created; a creation 创造物；产物 □ creaturely  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin creatura (as CREATE)]

creature comforts n. pl.  material comforts such as good food, warmth, etc. 物质享受(如食物、衣着等)

creature of habit n.  a person set in an unvarying routine 习惯的奴隶(指日常生活受习惯限制约束的人)

cred /kred/ n. colloq.  credibility [口]可靠性，可信性 [abbreviation]

credal  see 见 CREED 

credence /ˈkri:d(ə)ns/ n.  1  belief 相信，信任 2 (in full 全称 credence table)  a small side table, shelf, or niche which holds the elements of the Eucharist before they are consecrated 圣餐桌，供桌 □ give credence to   believe 听信，相信 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin credentia, from credere ‘believe’]

credential /kriˈdenʃ(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  evidence of a person's achievements or trustworthiness, usu. in the form of certificates, references, etc. 信任状；各种证件(证书等) 2  a letter or letters of introduction 介绍信，证明信 [medieval Latin credentialis (as CREDENCE)]

credenza /kriˈdenzə/ n.  a sideboard or cupboard 餐具柜 [Italian from medieval Latin (as CREDENCE)]

credibility /krediˈbiliti/ n.  1  the condition of being credible or believable 可靠性，可信性 2  reputation, status 名声，声誉；身份，地位 3  = STREET CREDIBILITY 

credibility gap n.  an apparent difference between what is said and what is true 信用差距，言行的不一致

credible /ˈkredib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person or statement) believable or worthy of belief (人或说法)可信的，可靠的，值得信任的 2 (of a threat etc.) convincing (威胁等)使人确信会发生的 □ credibly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin credibilis, from credere ‘believe’]■Usage 用法说明 Do not confuse credible ‘able to be believed’ with credulous ‘too ready to believe’. The difference is illustrated by he was such a credible trickster that he completely took in his credulous collegues. 注意不要把 credible “可信的”与 credulous “轻信的，易受骗的”弄混。二者的区别可用下列例句来说明 : he was such a credible trickster that he completely took in his credulous collegues 他是个令人深信不移的骗子，以致于他完全欺骗了那些轻信他的同事。 

credit /ˈkredit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. of a person) a source of honour, pride, etc. (通常指人)是…的光荣，是…的骄傲  is a credit to the school  是一位为学校增光的人 2  the acknowledgement of merit 赞扬，荣誉  must give him credit for consistency  必须对他的言行一致予以表扬 3  a good reputation 信誉，声望  his credit stands high  他的声望很高 4  a  belief or trust 信任，相信  I place credit in that  我相信那件事情b  something believable or trustworthy 可信(性)，可靠(性)  that statement has credit  那种说法可信 5  a  a person's financial standing; the sum of money at a person's disposal in a bank etc. (个人的)财务情况；(个人在银行等的)存款数额b  the power to obtain goods etc. before payment (based on the trust that payment will be made) (物品等的)赊欠，赊购 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an acknowledgement of a contributor's services to a film, television programme, etc. (电影或电视节目等的)致谢名单，制作人员名单 7 Brit.  a grade above a pass in an examination [英]良(比及格高一级的评分等级) 8  a reputation for solvency and honesty in business (债务的)清偿能力；商业信誉 9 (in bookkeeping) a  an entry on the right-hand side or column side of an account recording a payment received (账目登记)贷记，贷方记录b  the sum entered 贷方金额c  the total of such sums 贷方余额d  the credit side of an account (账目的)贷方 10  a  a certificate or other acknowledgement of a student's completion of a course (修完某门学科的)及格证b  a unit of study counting towards a degree etc. 学分 ●v. tr. (credited, crediting)  1  believe 相信，信任  cannot credit it  不能相信此事 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with; often in passive 常用被动)  a  enter on the credit side of an account 记入贷方  credited £ 20 to him  在他的账户贷方记入 20 英镑 credited him with £ 20  在他的账户贷方记入 20 英镑b  ascribe an achievement or good quality to 把(成绩或优点)归于  he was credited with the goal  那个得分球被认为是他的功劳 success was credited to his good sense  成功要归因于他的良好判断力c  deem to be the originator or source of a thing 认为是…的创作者；认为是…的来源  now credited as its founder  现在被认为是它的创始人 □ do credit to (or do a person credit)   enhance the reputation of 为(某人)增光，提高(某人的)信誉□ get credit for   be given credit for 因…而受称赞□ give a person credit for   1  enter (a sum) to a person's credit 为某人提供(若干金额的)信用贷款 2  ascribe (a good quality) to a person 把(成绩或优点)归于某人□ give credit to   believe 相信，信任□ on credit   with an arrangement to pay later 赊购□ to one's credit   in one's praise, commendation, or defence 为某人带来称赞(表扬或辩护)  to his credit, he refused the offer  他拒绝了那件礼物，值得称赞 [French crédit from Italian credito or Latin creditum, from credere credit- ‘believe, trust’]

creditable /ˈkreditəb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bringing credit or honour 值得赞扬的，带来荣誉的 □ creditability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ creditably  adv.  

credit account n. Brit.  an account with a shop etc. for obtaining goods or services before payment [英] (商店对客户赊销货物的)赊销账项；(客户赊购购货的)赊购账项

credit card n.  a card from a bank etc. authorizing the obtaining of goods on credit (银行等为客户出具的赊购货物的)信用卡，赊购卡

credit note n. Brit.  a note given by a shop etc. in return for goods returned, stating the value of goods owed to the customer [英]信用票据，赊欠凭证(指商店等给退货顾客开具的凭证)

creditor /ˈkreditə/ n.  1  a person to whom a debt is owing 债权人，债主 2  a person or company that gives credit for money or goods (cf. 参见 DEBTOR) 贷方；赊销者 [Middle English via Anglo-French creditour (Old French -eur) from Latin creditor -oris (as CREDIT)]

credit rating n.  an estimate of a person's suitability to receive commercial credit (对某人是否有资格接受信用贷款的)信誉评价，信用等级

credit sale n. Brit.  the sale of goods on credit [英]赊销；赊售

credit title n.  a credit (see 见 CREDIT n. 6) at the beginning or end of a film or broadcast etc. (电影或电视节目等的)片头字幕，片尾字幕，制作人员名单

credit transfer n.  a transfer of money from one person's bank account to another's 银行转账(指债务人通过银行把自己账上的存款转入债权人账户的付款方式)

creditworthy /ˈkreditwɜ:ði/ adj.  considered suitable to receive commercial credit 有资格接受信用贷款的，信用可靠的 □ creditworthiness  n.  

credo /ˈkri:dəʊ, ˈkrei-/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (作 Credo)  a statement of belief; a creed, esp. the Apostles' or Nicene creed beginning in Latin with credo 信条；信经(尤指基督教使徒信经或尼西亚信经) 2  a musical setting of the Nicene Creed 信经乐(为尼西亚信经所配的音乐) [Middle English from Latin, = I believe]

credulous /ˈkredjʊləs/ adj.  1  too ready to believe; gullible 轻信的；易受骗的 2 (of behaviour) showing such gullibility (行为)因轻信而引起的 □ credulity  /kriˈdju:liti/ n.  □ credulously  adv.  □ credulousness  n.   [Latin credulus from credere ‘believe’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CREDIBLE. 见 CREDIBLE 词条的用法说明。 

Cree /kri:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Crees)  1  a  an American Indian people living in central Canada and around Hudson Bay 克里人(生活在加拿大中部和哈得孙湾周围地区的美洲印第安人)b  a member of this people 克里人 2  the Algonquian language of this people (克里人使用的)阿尔贡金语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Crees or their language 克里人的；克里语的 [Canadian French Cris (earlier Cristinaux) from Algonquian]

creed /kri:d/ n.  1  a set of principles or opinions, esp. as a philosophy of life 信条，信念(尤指人生哲学，人生观)  his creed is moderation in everything  他的人生哲学是一切都要有节制 2  a brief formal summary of Christian belief , esp. (尤指) (often 常作 the Creed): 基督教信经a  = APOSTLES' CREED b  = NICENE CREED(cf. 参见 ATHANASIAN CREED)  □ credal  /ˈkri:d(ə)l/ adj.  □ creedal  adj.   [Old English crēda from Latin CREDO]

creek /kri:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a small bay or harbour on a sea coast (海岸边的)小湾，小港b  a narrow inlet on a sea coast or in a river bank (海岸或河岸边的)小湾，小港 2  a esp. US  a tributary of a river [尤美] (河的)支流b Austral. & NZ  a stream or brook [澳新]小溪，小河 3 (作 Creek)  a (pl. same 单复同)  a member of a North American Indian people originally from Alabama and Georgia, or of a confederation of nations including this people 克里克人(从前居住在亚拉巴马州和佐治亚州的印第安人部落联盟)b  the language of this people 克里克语 ●adj. (作 Creek)  of or relating to the Creek or their language 克里克人的；克里克语的 □ up the creek  slang [俚语]  1  in difficulties or trouble 陷入困境，遇到麻烦 2  crazy 发疯的 [Middle English crike from Old Norse kriki ‘nook’ (or partly via Old French crique from Old Norse) & Middle English crēke from Middle Dutch krēke (or from crike by lengthening): ultimate origin unknown]

creel /kri:l/ n.  1  a large wicker basket for fish (装鱼用的)大鱼篓 2  an angler's basket (垂钓者的)鱼笼 [Middle English, originally Scots: ultimate origin unknown]

creep /kri:p/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past and past part. crept /krept/)  1  move with the body prone and close to the ground; crawl 爬行，匍匐 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, out, up, etc.)  come, go, or move slowly and stealthily or timidly 蹑手蹑脚地走；缓慢地走；悄悄地行进  crept out without being seen  悄悄地溜了出去，没有被人发现 3  enter slowly (into a person's affections, life, awareness, etc.) 逐渐产生(情感)；逐渐进入(生活)；逐渐意识到  a feeling crept over her  她渐渐地产生了一种感觉 crept into her heart  渐渐进入她的心中 4 colloq.  act abjectly or obsequiously in the hope of advancement [口]卑躬屈膝，谄媚奉承 5 (of a plant) grow along the ground or up a wall by means of tendrils etc. (植物)蔓生；攀缘 6 (as 作 creeping adj.)  developing slowly and steadily 缓慢发展，稳步发展  creeping inflation  逐渐蔓延的通货膨胀 7 (of the flesh) feel as if insects etc. were creeping over it, as a result of fear, horror, etc. 起鸡皮疙瘩，汗毛直竖(指人的肌肤因恐惧、害怕等而产生昆虫爬动的感觉) 8 (of materials) undergo creep (see 见 sense 5 of n.) (指金属材料)蠕变 ●n.  1  a  the act of creeping 爬行的动作b  an instance of this 爬行，匍匐前进 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  a nervous feeling of revulsion or fear [口]毛骨悚然的感觉  gives me the creeps  使我浑身起鸡皮疙瘩 3 colloq.  an unpleasant person [口]讨厌的人 4  the gradual downward movement of disintegrated rock due to gravitational forces etc. (引力造成碎裂岩石向下的)蠕动，徐动 5  a gradual deformation of materials under stress (材料受压形成的)蠕变 6  a low arch under a railway embankment, road, etc. (铁路路堤、公路下面的)低拱 □ creep up on   approach (a person) stealthily or unnoticed 悄悄地向(某人)靠近 [Old English crēopan, from Germanic]

creeper /ˈkri:pə/ n.  1 Bot.  any climbing or creeping plant 【植】攀缘植物；蔓生植物 2  any bird that climbs, esp. a treecreeper 攀树干觅食的鸟(尤指旋木雀) 3 slang  a soft-soled shoe [俚语]软底鞋

creeping barrage /ˈkri:piŋ/ n.  an artillery barrage moving ahead of advancing troops (前进部队的)掩护炮火，徐进弹幕射击

creeping Jenny n.  any of various creeping plants, esp. moneywort 攀缘植物(尤指铜钱状珍珠菜)

creeping Jesus n. Brit. slang  an abject or hypocritical person [英] [俚语]马屁精；伪君子，假虔诚的人

creepy /ˈkri:pi/ adj. (creepier, creepiest)  1 colloq.  having or producing a creeping of the flesh [口]感到毛骨悚然的，令人毛骨悚然的  I feel creepy  我感到毛骨悚然 a creepy film  令人毛骨悚然的影片 2  given to creeping 爬行的，蠕动的 □ creepily  adv.  □ creepiness  n.   [CREEP]

creepy-crawly /kri:piˈkrɔ:li/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  an insect, worm, or other small crawling creature 爬虫；爬行小动物 ●adj.  creeping and crawling 爬行的，蠕动的

creese var.  of KRIS  KRIS 的变体

cremate /kriˈmeit/ v. tr.  burn (a corpse etc.) to ashes (尸体等)火化，火葬 □ cremation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cremator  n.  焚尸人；尸体焚化炉 [Latin cremare ‘burn’]

crematorium /kreməˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. crematoria or crematoriums)  a place for cremating corpses in a furnace 火化炉，火葬场 [modern Latin (as CREMATE, -ORY1)]

crematory /ˈkremət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to cremation 火化的，火葬的 ●n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. [北美]  = CREMATORIUM 

crenate /ˈkri:neit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  having a notched edge or rounded teeth 【植】【动】有锯齿形叶子的；有圆齿的 □ crenated  adj.  □ crenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ crenature  /ˈkrenətjʊə, ˈkri:-/ n.   [modern Latin crenatus from popular Latin crena ‘notch’]

crenel /ˈkren(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 crenelle /kriˈnel/)  an indentation or gap in the parapet of a tower, castle, etc., originally for shooting through etc. (旧时塔楼、城堡矮墙上打枪用的)垛口，堡眼，枪眼 [Middle English from Old French crenel, ultimately from popular Latin crena ‘notch’]

crenellate /ˈkren(ə)leit/ v. tr. (also 亦作 crenelate)  provide (a tower etc.) with battlements or loopholes 在(塔楼等)上修筑城垛(或枪眼) □ crenellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French créneler (as CRENEL)]

Creole /ˈkri:əʊl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a descendant of European (esp. Spanish) settlers in the W. Indies or Central or S. America 克里奥耳人(指西印度群岛及中部南部美洲的欧洲(尤西班牙)人后裔)b  a white descendant of French settlers in the southern US, esp. Louisiana (美国南部，尤指路易斯安那州的)法国白人后裔c  a person of mixed European and black descent (欧洲人与黑人的)混血儿 2  a mother tongue formed from the contact of a European language (esp. English, French, or Portuguese) with another (esp. African) language 克里奥耳化语言，混合语(欧洲语言(尤英语、法语或葡萄牙语)与其他语言(尤非洲语言)的混合语) ●adj.  1  of or relating to a Creole or Creoles 克里奥耳人的 2 (usu. 通常作 creole)  of Creole origin or production 起源于克里奥耳的，克里奥耳生产的  creole cooking  克里奥耳式烹饪 [French créole, criole from Spanish criollo, probably via Portuguese crioulo ‘home-born slave’ from criar ‘breed’, from Latin creare CREATE]

creolize /ˈkri:ə(ʊ)laiz, ˈkri-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  form a Creole from (another language) 使成为克里奥耳化语言，使形成混合语 □ creolization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

creosote /ˈkri:əsəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 creosote oil)  a dark brown oil distilled from coal tar, used as a wood preservative 杂酚油(从煤焦油中提取的用于木材防腐的黑褐色油脂) 2  a colourless oily fluid distilled from wood, used as an antiseptic 木馏油(从木材中蒸馏得到的无色油质物，用于防腐抗菌) ●v. tr.  treat with creosote 用杂酚油处理(木材等) [German Kreosote, from Greek kreas ‘flesh’ + sōtēr ‘preserver’, with reference to its antiseptic properties]

creosote bush n.  a shrub of arid parts of Mexico and the western US, Larrea tridentata, with leaves smelling of creosote 拉瑞阿属常青灌木(产于墨西哥及美国西部干旱地区，其叶子有杂酚的气味，故名)

crepitate /ˈkrepiteit/ v. intr.  1  make a crackling sound 发噼啪声 2 Zool. (of a beetle) eject pungent fluid with a sharp report 【动】(甲虫)喷射刺激性液体 □ crepitant  adj.   [Latin crepitare, frequentative of crepare ‘creak’]

crepitation /krepiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  = CREPITUS  2  the action or sound of crackling or rattling 噼啪声，咔哒声

crepitus /ˈkrepitəs/ n. Med. 【医】  1  a grating noise from the ends of a fractured bone rubbing together (骨折残端的)摩擦声，碎裂音 2  a similar sound heard from the chest in pneumonia etc. (肺炎患者呼吸时发出的)捻发音，刺耳声音 [Latin from crepare ‘rattle’]

crept past and past part.  of CREEP 

crepuscular /kriˈpʌskjʊlə, kre-/ adj.  1  a  of twilight 黄昏的；黎明的b  dim 昏暗的，朦胧的 2 Zool.  appearing or active in twilight 【动】在黄昏(或黎明)时出没活动的 [Latin crepusculum ‘twilight’]

Cres. abbr. [缩略]  Crescent 

cresc. abbr. (also 亦作 cres.) Mus. [缩略]【音】  = CRESCENDO 

crescendo /kriˈʃendəʊ/ n., adv., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -os or crescendi /-di/)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a gradual increase in loudness (声音)渐强b  a passage to be performed with such an increase 渐强的乐段 2  a  progress towards a climax (向高潮)进展  a crescendo of emotions  情感逐渐接近于高潮b disp.  a climax [异议]高潮，顶点，极点  the storm reached a crescendo then died away  暴风雨达到最强程度之后便渐渐平息下来 ●adv. & adj. Mus.  with a gradual increase in loudness 【音】(声音)渐强的(地) ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  increase gradually in loudness or intensity (声音等)逐渐增强 [Italian, part. of crescere ‘grow’ (as CRESCENT)]■Usage 用法说明 When used figuratively, crescendo should mean ‘progress towards a climax’, not the climax itself. In examples such as that given at 2b, use climax instead. 当 crescendo 用于比喻意义时，应表示“达到高潮的过程”，而不表示“高潮”本身。在释义 2b 的举例中就应使用 climax 替换 crescendo 。 

crescent /ˈkrez(ə)nt, ˈkres-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the curved sickle shape of the waxing or waning moon 新月形，月牙形 2  anything of this shape, esp. Brit. a street forming an arc 新月形物，月牙形物；[尤英]新月形街道 3  a  the crescent-shaped emblem of Islam or Turkey (伊斯兰教或土耳其的)新月标志b (作 the Crescent)  the world or power of Islam 伊斯兰教 ●adj.  1 poet.  increasing [诗] (新月般)逐渐增大的 2  crescent-shaped 新月形的，月牙形的 □ crescentic  /-ˈsentik/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French cressaunt, Old French creissant, from Latin crescere ‘grow’]

cresol /ˈkri:sɒl/ n. Chem.  any of three isomeric phenols present in creosote and used as disinfectants Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3C6H4OH 【化】甲酚 □ cresyl  n.   [CREOSOTE + -OL2]

cress /kres/ n.  any of various cruciferous plants usu. with pungent edible leaves, e.g. watercress 水芹，水田芥(十字花科植物，叶味辛辣，可食用) [Old English cresse, from West Germanic]

cresset /ˈkresit/ n. hist.  a metal container for oil, coal, etc., to be set alight for illumination, usu. mounted on a pole [史义]号灯，标灯，篝灯(通常为一内装油或煤等的金属容器，安放在柱子上，点燃后用来照明) [Middle English from Old French cresset, craisset, from craisse = graisse GREASE]

crest /krest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a comb or tuft of feathers, fur, etc. on a bird's or animal's head (鸟兽的)羽冠，肉冠毛簇等b  something resembling this, esp. a plume of feathers on a helmet 羽冠状物(尤指头盔上的羽饰)c  a helmet; the top of a helmet 头盔；头盔的顶部 2  the top of something, esp. of a mountain, wave, roof, etc. 顶(尤指山顶、浪尖、波峰、屋脊等) 3 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  a device above the shield and helmet of a coat of arms (盾形纹章上方的)饰章b  such a device reproduced on writing paper or on a seal, signifying a family (印在信纸上或刻在印章上代表某个家族的)饰章 4  a  a line along the top of the neck of some animals (某些动物的)颈脊b  the hair growing from this; a mane 颈脊上的鬃毛；马鬃 5 Anat.  a ridge along the surface of a bone 【解】嵴(骨头表面上的脊状突起) ●v.  1 tr.  reach the crest of (a hill, wave, etc.) 登上(山)顶；爬上(波)峰 2 tr.  a  provide with a crest 给…以冠状饰物b  serve as a crest to 作…的顶饰 3 intr. (of a wave) form into a crest (波浪)形成波峰 □ on the crest of a wave   at the most favourable moment in one's progress 在春风得意的时候，在最走运的时候□ crested  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ crestless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French creste from Latin crista ‘tuft’]

crestfallen /ˈkrestfɔ:l(ə)n/ adj.  1  dejected, dispirited 沮丧的，垂头泄气的，情绪低落的 2  with a fallen or drooping crest 羽冠垂倒的

cretaceous /kriˈteiʃəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the nature of chalk 含白垩的，白垩构成的 2 (作 Cretaceous) Geol.  of or relating to the last period of the Mesozoic era, with evidence of the first flowering plants, the extinction of dinosaurs, and extensive deposits of chalk 【地质】白垩纪的；白垩系的(中生代的最后阶段，以开花植物的出现、恐龙的绝灭和白垩的大量沉积为特点) ●n. (作 Cretaceous) Geol.  this era or system 【地质】白垩纪；白垩系 [Latin cretaceus from creta ‘chalk’]

Cretan /ˈkri:t(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native of Crete, an island SE of the Greek mainland 克里特岛人(克里特岛为希腊东南方一岛屿) ●adj.  of or relating to Crete or the Cretans 克里特岛的；克里特岛人的 [Latin Cretanus ‘from Creta’, from Greek Krētē ‘Crete’]

cretic /ˈkri:tik/ n. Prosody  a foot containing one short or unstressed syllable between two long or stressed ones 【诗体】“长－短－长”韵脚，“长－短－长”三音节音步 [Latin Creticus from Greek Krētikos (as CRETAN)]

cretin /ˈkretin/ n.  1  a person who is deformed and mentally retarded as the result of a thyroid deficiency (甲状腺缺陷引起的)呆小病患者，克汀病患者 2 colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨蛋，蠢货，白痴 □ cretinism  n.  呆小病，愚侏病，克汀病□ cretinize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ cretinous  adj.   [French crétin via Swiss French creitin, crestin from Latin Christianus CHRISTIAN]

cretonne /kreˈtɒn, ˈkretɒn/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a heavy cotton fabric with a usu. floral pattern printed on one or both sides, used for upholstery (用作窗帘或家具套等的)印花(或提花)装饰布 [French, of unknown origin]

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease /krɔitsfeltˈjækɒb/ n.  a type of spongiform encephalopathy affecting human beings, characterized by progressive dementia 克－雅病(一种海绵状组织脑病，其特点是越来越严重的痴呆) [named after H. G. Creutzfeldt (d. 1964) and A. Jakob (d. 1931), German physicians]

crevasse /kriˈvæs/ n.  1  a deep open crack, esp. in a glacier 裂隙(尤指冰川的裂隙) 2 US  a breach in a river levee [美] (河堤上的)决口 [French from Old French crevace: see CREVICE]

crevice /ˈkrevis/ n.  a narrow opening or fissure, esp. in a rock or building etc. (尤指岩石或建筑等上的)裂缝，裂隙 [Middle English via Old French crevace, from crever ‘burst’, from Latin crepare]

crew1 /kru:/ n. & v. ●n. (often treated as pl. 常看作复数)  1  a  a body of people manning a ship, aircraft, train, etc. 全体船员；全体机务人员；列车乘务组b  such a body as distinguished from the captain or officers (区别于船长、机长或列车长的)船员，机务人员，列车员c  a body of people working together; a team (工作人员的)班组；队 2 colloq.  a company of people; a gang [口]一群人；一伙人，一帮人  a motley crew  一群杂七杂八的人 ●v.  1 tr.  supply or act as a crew or member of a crew for 给…配备人员；充当船员(机务人员、列车员) 2 intr.  act as a crew or member of a crew 当船员(机务人员、列车员) [Middle English via Old French creüe ‘increase’, fem. past part. of croistre ‘grow’, from Latin crescere]

crew2 past  of CROW2  

crew-cut n.  a very short haircut (指发式)平头，板寸

crewel /ˈkru:əl/ n.  a thin worsted yarn used for tapestry and embroidery (绒绣或刺绣用的)松捻双股精纺细绒线 [Middle English crule etc., of unknown origin]

crewel work n.  a design worked in crewel on linen or cloth 绒绣，刺绣

crewman /ˈkru:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of a crew 船员；机务人员；列车员

crew neck n.  a close-fitting round neckline, esp. on a sweater (尤指毛衣的)圆式紧衣领，水手领

crib /krib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a child's bed with barred or latticed sides; a cot (有围栏的)儿童床，幼儿床b Brit.  a model of the Nativity of Christ, with a manger as a bed [英] (用马槽作床的)基督诞生塑像 2  a barred container or rack for animal fodder (有围栏的)牲口饲料槽 3 colloq. [口]  a  a translation of a text for the (esp. surreptitious) use of students (供学生考试作弊用的)对照译文b  plagiarized work etc. 剽窃的作品，抄袭的作品 4  a small house or cottage (简陋的)小房子，小屋 5  a framework lining the shaft of a mine (矿井的)井壁基环 6 colloq. [口]  a  cribbage 克里比奇牌戏b  a set of cards given to the dealer at cribbage by all the players 配点牌张(克里比奇牌戏中所有牌手配点给庄家的一组牌) 7  heavy crossed timbers used in foundations in loose soil etc. (松软土层上用交叉原木搭成的)叠木基础，叠木框，木笼 8 slang  a brothel [俚语]妓院 9 Austral. & NZ  a light meal; food [澳新]简单的饭菜；食物 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (cribbed, cribbing)  1 colloq.  copy (another person's work) unfairly or without acknowledgement [口]剽窃，抄袭(他人的作品) 2  confine in a small space 把…关进狭小空间，束缚，限制 3 colloq.  pilfer, steal [口]小偷小摸，偷窃 4 Brit. colloq.  grumble [英口]抱怨，发牢骚 □ cribber  n.   [Old English crib(b)]

cribbage /ˈkribidʒ/ n.  a card game for two, three, or four players, in which the dealer may score from the cards in the crib (see 见 CRIB 6b) 克里比奇牌戏(一种供 2 人、 3 人或 4 人玩的纸牌戏) [17th c.: origin unknown]

cribbage board n.  a board with pegs and holes used for scoring at cribbage (用木钉插孔方法记分的)克里比奇牌戏记分板

crib-biting n.  a horse's habit of biting the manger while noisily breathing in and swallowing (马的)咬槽吞气的习癖

cribo /ˈkri:bəʊ, ˈkraibəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = INDIGO SNAKE  [19th c.: origin unknown]

cribriform /ˈkribrifɔ:m/ adj. Anat. & Bot.  having numerous small holes 【解】【植】筛状的，多孔的 [Latin cribrum ‘sieve’ + -FORM]

cribwork /ˈkribwɜ:k/ n.  = CRIBn. 7 

crick /krik/ n. & v. ●n.  a sudden painful stiffness in the neck or the back etc. (颈或背等的)痛性痉挛，痛痉 ●v. tr.  produce a crick in (the neck etc.) 引起(颈、背部等)痛痉，扭伤 [Middle English: origin unknown]

cricket1 /ˈkrikit/ n. & v. ●n.  a game played on a grass pitch with two teams of 11 players taking turns to bowl at a wicket defended by a batting player of the other team 板球运动 ●v. intr. (cricketed, cricketing)  play cricket 打板球 □ not cricket  Brit. colloq.  underhand or dishonourable behaviour contrary to traditional standards [英口]不光明正大，不公正□ cricketer  n.   [16th c.: origin uncertain]

cricket2 /ˈkrikit/ n.  any of various grasshopper-like insects of the order Orthoptera and esp. of the family Gryllidae, the males of which produce a characteristic chirping sound 蟋蟀 [Middle English from Old French criquet, from criquer ‘creak’ (imitative)]

cricket bag n.  a long bag used for carrying a cricketer's bat etc. 板球球板袋

cricoid /ˈkraikɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  ring-shaped 环状的 ●n. (in full 全称 cricoid cartilage) Anat.  the ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx 【解】(咽喉下部的)环状软骨 [modern Latin cricoides from Greek krikoeidēs, from krikos ‘ring’]

cri de cœur /kri: də ˈkɜ:, 法 kri də kœr/ n. (pl. cris de cœur pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a passionate appeal, complaint, or protest 衷心的恳求，呼吁；抱怨；强烈抗议 [French, = cry from the heart]

cried past and past part.  of CRY 

crier /ˈkraiə/ n. (also 亦作 cryer)  1  a person who cries 叫喊者；哭泣者 2  an officer who makes public announcements in a court of justice (法庭上的)传呼员，庭吏 [Middle English from Anglo-French criour, Old French criere, from crier CRY]

crikey /ˈkraiki/ int. Brit. colloq.  an expression of astonishment [英口] (表示惊讶的用语)嗳，呀，唷 [euphemism for CHRIST]

crim /krim/ n. & adj. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  = CRIMINAL  [abbreviation]

crime /kraim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a serious offence punishable by law 罪，罪行b  illegal acts as a whole (总称)犯罪，罪恶  resorted to crime  采用犯罪的方式 2  an evil act 罪过，犯罪行为  a crime against humanity  危害人类罪 3 colloq.  a shameful act [口]憾事，羞耻事  a crime to tease them  戏弄他们是一种可耻的行为 4 Brit.  a soldier's offence against military regulations [英] (士兵)违反军纪的行为 ●v. tr. Brit. Mil.  etc. charge with or convict of an offence [英]【军】指控…违反军纪，宣布…违反军纪 [Middle English via Old French from Latin crimen -minis ‘judgement, offence’]

crime fighter n.  a person who fights crime 打击犯罪的勇士 □ crime-fighting  n.  

crime passionnel /ˌkri:m pæsjəˈnel, 法 krim pɑsjɔnɛl/ n. (pl. crimes passionnels pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a crime, esp. murder, committed in a fit of sexual jealousy 色情犯罪，(尤指)情杀罪 [French, = crime of passion]

crime sheet n. Brit. Mil.  a record of a defendant's offences [英]【军】(士兵)违反军纪的记录

crime wave n.  a sudden increase in crime 犯罪率激增

crime writer n.  a writer of detective fiction or thrillers 侦探小说作家，恐怖小说作家

criminal /ˈkrimin(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who has committed a crime or crimes 罪犯，犯人 ●adj.  1  of, involving, or concerning crime 犯罪的，犯法的；关于犯罪的  criminal records  犯罪前科记录 criminal offence  刑事犯罪 2  having committed (and usu. been convicted of) a crime 犯了罪的；被宣告有罪的 3 Law  relating to or expert in criminal law rather than civil or political matters 【法律】(区别于民事的或政治的)刑事的  criminal code  刑事法典 criminal lawyer  刑事辩护律师 4 colloq.  scandalous, deplorable [口]丑恶可耻的；令人遗憾的 □ criminality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  犯罪性；犯罪行为□ criminally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin criminalis (as CRIME)]

criminalistic /ˌkriminəˈlistik/ adj.  relating to criminals or their habits 关于罪犯的；关于罪犯习惯的

criminalistics /ˌkriminəˈlistiks/ n. esp. US  forensic science [尤美]刑事侦察学，犯罪侦察学

criminalize /ˈkrimin(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  turn (an activity) into a criminal offence by making it illegal 使(某种行为)违法 2  turn (a person) into a criminal, esp. by making his or her activities illegal (尤指使其活动非法而)使(某人)成为罪犯 □ criminalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

criminal law n.  law concerned with punishment of offenders (opp. 反义 CIVIL LAW 1) 刑法

criminal libel n. Law  a deliberate defamatory statement in a permanent form 【法律】诽谤罪

criminal record  see 见 RECORD n. 6 

criminology /krimiˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of crime 犯罪学 □ criminological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ criminologist  n.   [Latin crimen -minis CRIME + -OLOGY]

crimp /krimp/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  compress into small folds or ridges; frill 把…压成褶子，使有褶 2  make narrow wrinkles or flutings in; corrugate 使起皱；使有波纹 3  make waves in (the hair) with a hot iron 使(头发)卷曲，使成波形 ●n.  a crimped thing or form 皱缩(物)，卷曲(物)；皱褶 □ put a crimp in  N. Amer. slang  thwart; interfere with [北美] [俚语]阻止，阻挠；妨碍□ crimper  n.  卷发器；折皱器；(瓶盖等)折皱压紧机□ crimpy  adj.  □ crimpily  adv.  □ crimpiness  n.   [Middle English, probably ultimately from Old High German krimphan]

crimplene /ˈkrimpli:n/ n. propr.  a synthetic crease-resistant fibre and fabric [商标]克林普纶(一种不易起皱的合成织物)

crimson /ˈkrimz(ə)n/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  of a rich deep red inclining to purple 深红色的，绯红色的 ●n.  this colour 深红色，绯红色 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become crimson 使成绯红色，变成绯红色 [Middle English cremesin, crimesin, ultimately from Arabic ḳirmizī KERMES]

cringe /krin(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (cringing)  1  shrink back in fear or apprehension; cower 蜷缩；畏缩；退缩 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  behave obsequiously 卑躬屈膝，阿谀奉承 ●n.  the act or an instance of cringing 卑躬屈膝，阿谀奉承 □ cringer  n.   [Middle English crenge, crenche, Old English cringan, crincan: see CRANK1]

cringle /ˈkriŋɡ(ə)l/ n. Naut.  an eye of rope containing a thimble for another rope to pass through 【海】(船帆边上的)索耳，索眼 [Low German kringel, diminutive of kring ‘ring’, from the root of CRANK1]

crinkle /ˈkriŋk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a wrinkle or crease in paper, cloth, etc. (纸张、布料等的)皱褶，皱纹，折痕 ●v.  1 intr.  form crinkles 起皱，卷曲 2 tr.  form crinkles in 使起皱，使卷曲 □ crinkly  adj.   [Middle English from Old English crincan: see CRANK1]

crinkle-cut adj. (of vegetables) cut with wavy edges (蔬菜)用波状刀切碎的

crinoid /ˈkrainɔid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  any echinoderm of the class Crinoidea, usu. sedentary with feathery arms, e.g. sea lilies and feather stars 棘皮动物，海百合纲动物(如海百合和毛头星) ●adj.  of or relating to this class (关于)海百合纲的 □ crinoidal  /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek krinoeidēs ‘lily-like’ from krinon ‘lily’]

crinoline /ˈkrin(ə)lin/ n.  1  a stiffened or hooped petticoat formerly worn to make a long skirt stand out (旧时撑起长裙的)硬衬布衬裙，圈环衬裙 2  a stiff fabric of horsehair etc. used for linings, hats, etc. (用马毛等织成可作衬里、帽子等的)硬衬布 [French, from Latin crinis ‘hair’ + linum ‘thread’]

cripple /ˈkrip(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. archaic or offens.  a person who is permanently lame [古义] [冒犯]跛子，瘸子 ●v. tr.  1  make a cripple of; lame 使跛，使瘸 2  disable, impair 使伤残，使丧失劳动能力 3  weaken or damage (an institution, enterprise, etc.) seriously 使(机构、企业等)严重削弱，严重损坏  crippled by the loss of funding  因资金损失而陷于瘫痪 □ crippledom  n.  □ crippler  n.   [Old English crypel, related to CREEP]■Usage 用法说明 The term cripple is no longer acceptable as a noun referring to a person. Disabled is usually used instead. Cripple 一词用作名词表示“跛子，瘸子”的用法已经不再为人们所接受，通常代之以 disabled 。 

cris var.  of KRIS  KRIS 的变体

crisis /ˈkraisis/ n. (pl. crises /-si:z/)  1  a  a decisive moment 决定性时刻b  a time of danger or great difficulty 危机；危急关头 2  the turning point, esp. of a disease (尤指疾病的)危险期 [Latin from Greek krisis ‘decision’, from krinō ‘decide’]

crisis management n.  the practice of taking managerial action only when a crisis has developed 危机管理(指仅在出现危机时才采取管理措施的做法)

crisp /krisp/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  hard but brittle 硬而脆的，松脆的 2  a (of air) bracing (空气)清新的，凉爽的b (of a style or manner) lively, brisk and decisive (风格或举止)有生气的，活泼的；干脆的，干净利落的c (of features etc.) neat and clear-cut (特征等)清晰的，轮廓分明的d (of paper) stiff and crackling (纸张)挺括的e (of hair) closely curling (头发)卷曲的，起波纹的 ●n. (in full 全称 potato crisp) Brit.  a wafer-thin slice of potato fried until crisp and eaten as a snack or appetizer [英]油炸土豆片 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  make or become crisp 使发脆，变脆 2  curl in short stiff folds or waves 使卷曲，变卷曲 □ burn to a crisp   make inedible or useless by burning 烧焦□ crisply  adv.  □ crispness  n.   [Old English from Latin crispus ‘curled’]

crispate /ˈkrispeit/ adj.  1  crisped 卷缩的，卷曲的 2 Bot. & Zool.  having a wavy margin 【植】【动】皱波状的，具波缘的 [Latin crispare ‘curl’]

crispbread /ˈkrispbred/ n.  1  a thin crisp biscuit of crushed rye etc. (用碾碎的黑麦等制作的)薄脆饼干 2  these collectively (总称)薄脆饼干  a packet of crispbread  一包薄脆饼干

crisper /ˈkrispə/ n.  a compartment in a refrigerator for storing fruit and vegetables (冰箱中盛放水果、蔬菜的)保鲜储藏隔层

crispy /ˈkrispi/ adj. (crispier, crispiest)  1  crisp, brittle 脆的；易碎的 2  curly 卷曲的；有波纹的 3  brisk 活泼的，有生气的 □ crispiness  n.  

criss-cross /ˈkriskrɒs/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  1  a pattern of crossing lines 十字形，十字图案 2  the crossing of lines or currents etc. (直线或水流等的)纵横交错，杂乱无章 ●adj.  crossing; in cross lines 十字形的；交叉的  criss-cross marking  十字标记 ●adv.  crosswise; at cross purposes 十字状地；相矛盾地 ●v.  1 intr.  a  intersect repeatedly 往来，往返b  move crosswise 交叉运行；交叉往来 2 tr.  mark or make with a criss-cross pattern 作十字标记；构成十字图案 [17th c., from Christ's cross: later treated as reduplication of CROSS]

crista /ˈkristə/ n. (pl. cristae /-ti:/)  1 Anat. & Zool.  a ridge or crest 【解】【动】脊；羽冠 2 Anat.  an infold of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion 【解】(线粒体内膜的)折迭 □ cristate  adj.   [Latin]

cristobalite /kriˈstəʊbəlait/ n. Mineral.  a principal form of silica, occurring as opal 【矿】方石英(以蛋白石形式存在的硅石) [German Cristobalit, from Cerro San Cristóbal in Mexico, where it was discovered]

crit /krit/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  = CRITICISM 2  2  = CRITIQUE  3 Physics  critical mass 【物理学】临界质量 [abbreviation]

criterion /kraiˈtiəriən/ n. (pl. criteria /-riə/)  a principle or standard that a thing is judged by (衡量事物的)标准，准则，尺度 □ criterial  adj.   [Greek kritērion ‘means of judging’ (cf. CRITIC)]■Usage 用法说明 The plural form of criterion, criteria, is often used incorrectly as the singular. In the singular, criterion should always be used. Criterion 一词的复数形式 criteria 常常被错误地用作单数。其实，该词的单数形式总是 criterion 。 

critic /ˈkritik/ n.  1  a person who censures 批评者；吹毛求疵者，爱挑剔的人 2  a person who reviews or judges the merits of literary, artistic, or musical works etc., esp. regularly or professionally (尤指专业的文学、艺术或音乐等的)批评家，评论家，评论员 3  a person engaged in textual criticism 校勘家 [Latin criticus from Greek kritikos, via kritēs ‘judge’ from krinō ‘judge, decide’]

critical /ˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  making or involving adverse or censorious comments or judgements 吹毛求疵的，好挑剔的b  expressing or involving criticism 批评的；评论性的 2  skilful at or engaged in criticism 善于评论的；从事评论工作的 3  providing textual criticism 附有异文校勘材料的  a critical edition of Milton  弥尔顿作品异文校勘版 4  a  of or at a crisis; involving risk or suspense 危急的，危机的；严重的；悬而未决的  in a critical condition  处于危急情况中 a critical operation  紧急行动b  decisive, crucial 决定性的，关键的  of critical importance  极为重要 at the critical moment  在关键时刻 5  a Math. & Physics  marking a transition from one state etc. to another 【数】【物理学】临界的  critical angle  临界角b Physics (of a nuclear reactor) maintaining a self-sustaining chain reaction 【物理学】(核反应堆)达到临界状态的 □ criticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n. (in sense 5 用于释义 5)  □ critically  adv.  □ criticalness  n.   [Latin criticus: see CRITIC]

critical apparatus n.  = APPARATUS 4 

critical mass n.  1  the amount of fissile material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction 临界质量(指维持核反应堆链式反应所必需的可裂变物质数量) 2  the minimum size required to start a thing off or to keep a thing going (使事情开始或维持运行所需要的)最低数量

critical path n.  the sequence of stages determining the minimum time needed for an operation 关键途径(保证操作最低时限的关键步骤之序列)

critical temperature n.  the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure 临界温度(气体在高于这个温度的情况下不能加压变成液态)

criticaster /kritiˈkæstə, ˈkritikæstə/ n.  a minor or inferior critic 拙劣的评论家

criticism /ˈkritisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  finding fault; censure 指责，非难；批评，批判b  a statement or remark expressing this 批评意见；指责的话 2  a  the work of a critic (某评论家的)作品b  an article, essay, etc., expressing or containing an analytical evaluation of something 评论；评论文章 [CRITIC or Latin criticus + -ISM]

criticize /ˈkritisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  find fault with; censure 指责，非难；批评，批判 2  discuss critically 评论，评价 □ criticizable  adj.  □ criticizer  n.  

critique /kriˈti:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a critical essay or analysis; an instance or the process of formal criticism 评论文章；评论 ●v. tr. (critiques, critiqued, critiquing)  discuss critically 评论，评价 [French, from Greek kritikē tekhnē ‘critical art’]

critter /ˈkritə/ n.  1 dial. or joc.  a creature [方] [诙]生物，动物 2 derog.  a person [贬]人 [variant of CREATURE]

croak /krəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a deep hoarse sound as of a frog or a raven (青蛙或乌鸦)呱呱叫声 2  a sound resembling this 似呱呱叫的声音，低沉而嘶哑的声音 ●v.  1  a intr.  utter a croak 发呱呱叫声b tr.  utter with a croak or in a dismal manner 用低沉嘶哑的声音说出，用忧郁的方式讲话 2 slang [俚语]  a intr.  die 死亡b tr.  kill 杀害，谋害 [Middle English: imitative]

croaker /ˈkrəʊkə/ n.  1  an animal that croaks 呱呱叫的动物 2  a prophet of evil 预报凶事者

croaky /ˈkrəʊki/ adj. (croakier, croakiest) (of a voice) croaking; hoarse (声音)低沉的，嘶哑的 □ croakily  adv.  

Croat /ˈkrəʊæt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Croatia in the former Yugoslavia (前南斯拉夫的)克罗地亚人b  a person of Croatian descent 克罗地亚血统的人 2  the Slavonic dialect of the Croats (cf. 参见 SERBO-CROAT) 克罗地亚语(指克罗地亚人的斯拉夫方言) ●adj.  of or relating to the Croats or their dialect. 克罗地亚人的；克罗地亚语的 [modern Latin Croatae from Serbo-Croatian Hrvat]

Croatia   克罗地亚

Croatian /krəʊˈeiʃiən, -ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj.  = CROAT 

croc /krɒk/ n. colloq.  a crocodile [口]鳄，鳄鱼 [abbreviation]

croceate /ˈkrəʊsieit/ adj.  saffron-coloured 藏红花色的，番红花色的 [Latin croceus from CROCUS]

crochet /ˈkrəʊʃei, -ʃi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a handicraft in which yarn is made up into a patterned fabric by means of a hooked needle 钩针编织 2  work made in this way 钩针编织品 ●v. (crocheted /-ʃeid/; crocheting /-ʃeiiŋ/)  1 tr.  make by crocheting 用钩针编织 2 intr.  do crochet 钩针编织 □ crocheter  /ˈkrəʊʃeiə/ n.   [French, diminutive of croc ‘hook’]

croci pl.  of CROCUS  

crocidolite /krə(ʊ)ˈsidəlait/ n.  a fibrous blue or green silicate of iron and sodium; blue asbestos 青石棉(矿物) [Greek krokis -idos ‘nap of cloth’]

crock1 /krɒk/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  1  an inefficient, broken-down, or worn-out person 不称职者；年老体衰者；疲惫不堪者 2  a worn-out vehicle, ship, etc. 破旧车辆(船只等) ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  break down, collapse 衰竭；身体垮掉 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  disable, cause to collapse 使残废；使身体垮掉 [originally Scots, perhaps from Flemish: probably related to CRACK]

crock2 /krɒk/ n.  1  an earthenware pot or jar 瓦罐，坛子 2  a broken piece of earthenware 碎瓦片 [Old English croc(ca)]

crockery /ˈkrɒk(ə)ri/ n.  earthenware or china dishes, plates, etc. 陶器；瓷碟(瓷盘等) [obsolete crocker ‘potter’: see CROCK2]

crocket /ˈkrɒkit/ n. Archit.  a small carved ornament (usu. a bud or curled leaf) on the inclined side of a pinnacle etc. 【建】(尖塔斜面等上的)花苞(或卷叶)，小花饰 [Middle English from a variant of Old French crochet: see CROCHET]

crocodile /ˈkrɒkədail/ n.  1  a  a large tropical or subtropical amphibious reptile (crocodilian) of the family Crocodylidae, with long jaws (narrower than those of an alligator) 鳄，鳄鱼(热带或亚热带鳄亚科两栖爬行动物)b  leather from its skin, used to make bags, shoes, etc. 鳄鱼皮革(用于制作提包、皮鞋等) 2 Brit. colloq.  a line of schoolchildren etc. walking in pairs [英口] (两人一排行进的)一队(小学生等) [Middle English via Old French cocodrille, medieval Latin cocodrillus, and Latin crocodilus from Greek krokodilos ‘worm of the stones’, from krokē ‘pebble’ + drilos ‘worm’]

crocodile clip n.  a clip with teeth for gripping 鳄鱼式夹钳

crocodile tears n.  insincere grief (from the belief that crocodiles wept while devouring or alluring their prey) 鳄鱼眼泪，假慈悲(来自鳄鱼在吞食或诱捕猎物时落泪的说法)

crocodilian /krɒkəˈdiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any large predatory amphibious reptile of the order Crocodilia, with long jaws, short legs, and a powerful tail, including crocodiles, alligators, caymans, and gharials 鳄目动物(包括鳄鱼、短吻鳄、宽吻鳄和长吻鳄) ●adj.  of or relating to the crocodilians 鳄类动物的

crocus /ˈkrəʊkəs/ n. (pl. crocuses or croci /-kai, -ki:/)  a small spring-flowering plant of the genus Crocus (iris family), growing from a corm and having bright yellow, purple, or white flowers See also 另见 AUTUMN CROCUS 藏红花，番红花(鸢尾属植物，初春时开黄、紫或白色花) [Middle English, = saffron (obtained from a species of crocus), via Latin from Greek krokos ‘crocus’, of Semitic origin]

Croesus /ˈkri:səs/ n.  a person of great wealth 富豪，大财主 [name of a king of Lydia (6th c. BC)]

croft /krɒft/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  an enclosed piece of (usu. arable) land (圈起的通常可耕作的)小块土地 2  a small rented farm in Scotland or northern England (苏格兰或英格兰北部)租赁的小农场 ●v. intr.  farm a croft; live as a crofter 耕种小块土地，当佃农为生 [Old English: origin unknown]

crofter /ˈkrɒftə/ n. Brit.  a person who rents a smallholding, esp. a joint tenant of a divided farm in parts of Scotland [英] (苏格兰部分地区租种小农场的)佃农

Crohn's disease /ˈkrəʊnz/ n.  a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum, causing ulcers and fistulae 克罗恩病(一种慢性肠道炎症，尤指结肠和回肠炎，可引起溃疡和瘘管) [named after B. B. Crohn, US pathologist d. 1983]

croissant /ˈkrwæsɒŋ/ n.  a crescent-shaped roll made of rich yeast pastry 新月形面包，羊角面包 [French, formed as CRESCENT]

Cro-Magnon /krəʊˈmænjɒ˜, -ˈmæɡnən/ adj. Anthropol.  of a tall broad-faced European race of late palaeolithic times 【人】克罗马努人(旧石器时代晚期欧洲一个身材高大方脸庞的民族) [name of a hill in the Dordogne, France, where remains were found in 1868]

cromlech /ˈkrɒmlek/ n.  1 (in Wales) a megalithic tomb (威尔士)巨石墓，石板墓 2 (in Brittany) a stone circle (法国布列塔尼)石圈(排列成环形的坚石) [Welsh (from crom, fem. of crwm ‘arched’ + llech ‘flat stone’); in sense 2 via French from Breton krommlec'h]

crone /krəʊn/ n.  1  a withered old woman 干瘪的老太婆 2  an old ewe 老母羊 [Middle English, ultimately from Old Norman French carogne CARRION]

cronk /krɒŋk/ adj. Austral. colloq. [澳口]  1  unsound; liable to collapse 体弱的，有病的；可能病倒的 2  a  fraudulent 欺骗性的，欺诈性的b (of a racehorse) dishonestly run, unfit (赛马)不宜参加比赛的 [19th c.: cf. CRANK3]

crony /ˈkrəʊni/ n. (pl. -ies) often derog.  a close friend or companion [常贬]密友，亲密伙伴 [17th-c. chrony, Cambridge university slang, from Greek khronios ‘long-standing’ from khronos ‘time’]

crook /krʊk/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  the hooked staff of a shepherd or bishop (牧羊人或主教的)曲柄杖 2  a  a bend, curve, or hook 弯曲，弯曲部分；钩子b  anything hooked or curved 钩形物，弯曲物 3 colloq. [口]  a  a rogue; a swindler 流氓，恶棍；骗子b  a professional criminal 职业罪犯 ●v. tr. & intr.  bend, curve (使)弯曲，(使)成钩形 ●adj.  1 Brit.  crooked [英]弯曲的，钩形的 2 Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  a  unsatisfactory, out of order; (of a person) unwell, injured 不能令人满意的；出故障的；(人)有病的，受伤的b  unpleasant 令人不快的c  dishonest, unscrupulous 不老实的，肆无忌惮的d  bad-tempered, irritable, angry 脾气坏的，易怒的，生气的 □ go crook  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, on) Austral. & NZ colloq.  lose one's temper; become angry [澳新口]发火，发脾气□ crookery  n.  欺诈，欺诈行为 [Middle English from Old Norse krókr ‘hook’]

crookback /ˈkrʊkbæk/ n.  a hunchback 驼背，驼背者 □ crookbacked  adj.  

crooked /ˈkrʊkid/ adj. (crookeder, crookedest)  1  a  not straight or level; bent, curved, twisted 不直的，不平坦的；弯曲的；盘绕的b  deformed, bent with age 变形的，(因年老而)弯腰驼背的 2 colloq.  not straightforward; dishonest [口]不正直的，不诚实的 3 /krʊkt/ Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  = CROOKadj. 2  4 (foll. by 后跟 on) Austral. slang  hostile to [澳] [俚语]不友善的，怀敌意的 □ crookedly  adv.  □ crookedness  n.   [Middle English from CROOK, probably modelled on Old Norse krókóttr]

croon /kru:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  hum or sing in a low subdued voice, esp. in a sentimental manner (尤充满柔情地)低声吟唱，轻声哼唱 ●n.  such singing 低吟，哼唱 □ crooner  n.  低声哼唱者；低吟歌手 [Middle English (originally Scots & northern English) from Middle Dutch & Middle Low German krōnen ‘groan, lament’]

crop /krɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the produce of cultivated plants, esp. cereals 作物，庄稼(尤指谷物)b  the season's total yield of this 收成，产量  a good crop  好收成 2  a group or an amount produced or appearing at one time (同时出现或生产的)一群，一批  this year's crop of students  今年的毕业生 3 (in full 全称 hunting crop)  the stock or handle of a whip 鞭把 4  a  a style of hair cut very short (指发式)平头b  the cropping of hair 剪平头 5 Zool. 【动】  a  the pouch in a bird's gullet where food is stored or prepared for digestion (鸟类的)嗉囊b  a similar organ in other animals (其他动物)类似嗉囊的器官 6  the entire tanned hide of an animal (鞣制的)整张兽皮 7  a piece cut off or out of something 切下的部分 ●v. (cropped, cropping)  1 tr.  a  cut off 割下，剪下，切下b (of animals) bite off and eat (the tops of plants) (动物)啃掉(植物的顶部) 2 tr.  cut (hair, cloth, edges of a book, etc.) short 剪短(头发)；修剪(布料、书边等) 3 tr.  gather or reap (produce) 收割，收获 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  sow or plant (land) with a crop 在(土地)上播种，种植，种庄稼 5 intr. (of land) bear a crop (土地)长庄稼，收获庄稼 □ crop out  Geol.  appear at the surface 【地质】(岩石、矿层等)露头，露出地面□ crop up   1 (of a subject, circumstance, etc.) appear or come to one's notice unexpectedly (问题、情况等)意外地出现，意外地引起注意 2 Geol.  appear at the surface 【地质】(岩石、矿层等)露头，露出地面 [Old English crop(p)]

crop circle n.  a circular depression in a standing crop, often only visible from the air 作物倒伏怪圈(未收割谷物呈环形的倒伏，通常只有在空中才能看到)

crop dusting n.  the spraying of powdered insecticide or fertilizer on crops, esp. from the air 作物喷粉(尤指从空中喷洒杀虫剂粉末或肥料)

crop-eared adj.  having the ears (esp. of animals) or hair cut short (尤指动物)被剪去耳尖的；毛发剪短的

crop-full adj.  having a full crop or stomach 满腹的，满腔的

crop-over n.  a W. Indian celebration marking the end of the sugar cane harvest (西印度群岛)甘蔗收割结束时的庆祝

cropper /ˈkrɒpə/ n.  a crop-producing plant of specified quality (具有某种特性的)作物  a good cropper  优良作物 a heavy cropper  高产作物 □ come a cropper  colloq. [口]  1  fall heavily 重重地摔倒 2  fail badly 惨败

croquet /ˈkrəʊkei, -ki/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a game played on a lawn, with wooden balls which are driven through a series of hoops with mallets 槌球游戏(在草坪上进行，用木槌击打木球钻过一系列的小圈) 2  the act of croqueting a ball 贴击(指槌球游戏中将自己的球紧贴在对方的球旁，然后击打以撞走对方的球) ●v. tr. (croqueted /-keid/; croqueting /-keiiŋ/)  drive away (one's opponent's ball in croquet) by placing one's own against it and striking one's own 贴击(对方的球) [perhaps a dialect form of French CROCHET ‘hook’]

croquette /krɒˈket/ n.  a fried breaded roll or ball of mashed potato or minced meat etc. (用面包、土豆泥或肉馅等做的)油炸丸子 [French from croquer ‘crunch’]

crore /krɔ:/ n. Anglo-Ind. [印英]  1  ten million 1000 万 2  one hundred lakhs (of rupees, units of measurement, persons, etc.) 1000 万(卢比、计量单位、人等) [Hindi k(a)rōr, ultimately from Sanskrit koṭi ‘apex’]

crosier /ˈkrəʊziə, -ʒə/ n. (also 亦作 crozier)  1  a hooked staff carried by a bishop as a symbol of pastoral office 主教权杖 2  a crook 曲柄杖 [originally = bearer of a crook, via Old French crocier & Old French croisier from crois CROSS]

cross /krɒs/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  an upright post with a transverse bar, as used in antiquity for crucifixion (古代处死刑用的)十字架 2  a (the Cross)  in Christianity, the cross on which Christ was crucified (耶稣基督被钉死在上面的)十字架b  a representation of this as an emblem of Christianity (作为基督教象征的)十字架c  = SIGN OF THE CROSS  3  a staff surmounted by a cross and borne before an archbishop or in a religious procession (象征大主教权力的)十字杖 4  a  a thing or mark shaped like a cross, esp. a figure made by two short intersecting lines (+ or ×) 十字形物，十字形 (+ 或×)b  a monument in the form of a cross, esp. one in the centre of a town or on a tomb (市中心的)十字形纪念碑；(坟墓上的)十字标 5  a cross-shaped decoration indicating rank in some orders of knighthood or awarded for personal valour (象征爵士身份或表彰英勇行为的)十字勋章 6  a  an intermixture of animal breeds or plant varieties (动、植物的)异种交配，杂交b  an animal or plant resulting from this 杂种，杂交品种 7 (foll. by 后跟 between)  a mixture or compromise of two things 混合物；折中物 8  a  a crosswise movement, e.g. of an actor on stage 横穿(如演员从舞台一边穿到另一边)b Football  etc. a pass of the ball across the pitch esp. towards the centre 【足球】横传(横过球场朝中心位置的传递)c Boxing  a blow with a crosswise movement of the fist 【拳击】迎击 9  a trial or affliction; something to be endured 苦难，磨难，烦恼  bear one's crosses  背十字架，忍受痛苦 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over; also absol. [亦含宾])  go across or to the other side of (a road, river, sea, etc.) 越过，穿过(公路)；渡过(河流、海洋等) 2  a intr.  intersect or be across one another 交叉，相交  the roads cross near the bridge  这几条路在大桥附近相交b tr.  cause to do this; place crosswise 使交叉，使相交  cross one's legs  交叉着双腿，盘腿 3 tr.  a  draw a line or lines across 画横线于b Brit.  mark (a cheque) with two parallel lines, and often an annotation, to indicate that it must be paid into a named bank account [英]在(支票)上画两条平行线(常加注解，表示只能转账到指定的银行账户) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out, through)  cancel or obliterate or remove from a list with lines drawn across 在…上打叉，划掉，勾销 5 tr. (often 常作 refl.)  make the sign of the cross on or over (基督教徒)用手画十字于… 6 intr.  a  pass in opposite or different directions 与…相遇而过b (of letters between two correspondents) each be dispatched before receipt of the other (双方的通信)互相错过c (of telephone lines) become wrongly interconnected so that intrusive calls can be heard (电话线)串线交扰 7 tr. Football  etc. pass (the ball) across the pitch, esp. towards the centre 【足球】横传 8 tr.  a  cause to interbreed 使(动物)杂交b  cross-fertilize (plants) 使(植物)异花受精 9 tr.  thwart or frustrate 阻挠；反对；使受挫折  crossed in love  恋爱受挫 10 tr. slang  cheat [俚语]欺骗 ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  peevish, angry 易怒的，脾气坏的 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  transverse; reaching from side to side 横断的；横贯的 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  intersecting 交叉的 4 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  contrary, opposed, reciprocal 相反的，逆的；相互的，交互的 □ as cross as two sticks  Brit.  extremely angry or peevish [英]非常生气的，愤怒的□ at cross purposes   misunderstanding or conflicting with one another 相互误解；相互矛盾□ cross one's fingers (or keep one's fingers crossed)   1  put one finger across another as a sign of hoping for good luck (两指交叉)祈求好运 2  trust in good luck 相信有好运□ cross the floor  Brit.  join the opposing side in a debating assembly [英] (在辩论会上)转而支持对方□ cross one's heart   make a solemn pledge, esp. by crossing one's front (尤指在胸前)画十字发誓□ cross one's mind  (of a thought etc.) occur to one, esp. transiently (念头等)出现；闪现，掠过□ cross a person's palm  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  pay a person for a favour 贿赂某人□ cross the path of   1  meet with (a person) 偶然遇见(某人) 2  thwart 阻挠，妨碍□ cross swords  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  encounter in opposition; have an argument or dispute 搏斗，较量；争论，争辩□ cross wires (or get one's wires crossed)   1  become wrongly connected by telephone 电话线串线交扰 2  have a misunderstanding 误解□ on the cross  Brit. [英]  1  diagonally 斜，对角地 2 slang  fraudulently, dishonestly [俚语]欺诈地，不诚实地□ crossly  adv.  □ crossness  n.   [Old English cros via Old Norse kross and Old Irish cros from Latin crux cruc-]

cross- /krɒs/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting movement or position across something (cross-channel 穿越海峡的 ; cross-country 越野的) 表示“横过”，“穿越” 2  denoting interaction (cross-breed 杂交 ; cross-curricular 跨学科的 ; cross-fertilize 异花受精) 表示“相互作用” 3  a  passing from side to side; transverse (crossbar 横木，横杆，单杠 ; cross-current 交叉水流，逆流) 表示“横断，横贯”b  having a transverse part (crossbow 弩，石弓) 表示“有横向组成部分的” 4  describing the form or figure of a cross (cross-keys 十字形钥匙 ; crossroads 交叉路，十字路口) 表示“交叉”，“十字”

crossbar /ˈkrɒsbɑ:/ n.  a horizontal bar, esp. held on a pivot or between two upright bars etc., e.g. of a bicycle or of a football goal (尤指枢轴上或两根直立棒杆之间的)闩，横杆(如自行车横梁、球门横梁)

cross-bedding /ˈkrɒsbediŋ/ n. Geol.  lines of stratification crossing the main rock strata Also called 亦称作 false bedding 【地质】交错层

cross-bench /ˈkrɒsbentʃ/ n. Brit.  a seat in Parliament (now only the House of Lords) occupied by a member not taking the whip from a political party [英]中立派议员席(议会中不属于执政党或反对党的议员席位，现仅限于上院) □ cross-bencher  n.  

crossbill /ˈkrɒsbil/ n.  a finch of the genus Loxia, having a bill with crossed mandibles with which it opens pine cones 红交嘴雀，交喙鸟(交嘴雀科鸣禽)

crossbones /ˈkrɒsbəʊnz/ n.  a representation of two crossed thigh bones 交叉的股骨图形

cross-border adj.  passing, occurring, or performed across a border between two countries 跨国界的

crossbow /ˈkrɒsbəʊ/ n. esp. hist.  a bow fixed across a wooden stock, with a groove for usu. a bolt and with a mechanism for drawing and releasing the string [尤史义]弩，石弓(一种古代武器) □ crossbowman  n. (pl. -men)  弩弓手

cross-breed /ˈkrɒsbri:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a breed of animals or plants produced by crossing (动、植物)杂交品种 2  an individual animal or plant of a cross-breed (动、植物)杂种 ●v. tr. (past and past part. -bred)  produce by crossing 使杂交繁育

cross-check /ˈkrɒstʃek/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  check by a second or alternative method, or by several methods 交叉检查；核对，核实 ●n.  an instance of cross-checking 交叉检查；核对，核实

cross-country /krɒsˈkʌntri/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  across fields or open country 越野的(地) 2  not keeping to main or direct roads 偏离干道的(地) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a cross-country race 越野赛跑

cross-cultural /krɒsˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to different cultures or comparison between them 交叉文化的，跨文化的

cross-cut /ˈkrɒskʌt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  cut across the main grain or axis 横切(木纹)的，横穿的 ●n.  a diagonal cut, path, etc. 横切，近路，捷径

cross-cut saw n.  a saw for cutting across the grain of wood 横割锯

cross-dating /ˈkrɒsdeitiŋ/ n. Archaeol.  dating by correlation with another site or level 【考古】对比年代

cross-dressing /krɒsˈdresiŋ/ n.  the practice of wearing the clothes of the opposite sex 男扮女装，女扮男装 □ cross-dress  v. intr.  穿异性服装，女扮男装，男扮女装□ cross-dresser  n.  

crosse /krɒs/ n.  a stick with a triangular net at the end for conveying the ball in lacrosse (兜网球的)网兜木棒 [French from Old French croce, croc ‘hook’]

cross-examine /krɒsiɡˈzæmin/ v. tr.  examine (esp. a witness in a law court) to check or extend testimony already given (尤指法庭上)盘诘，盘问(证人以核实证词) □ cross-examination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cross-examiner  n.  

cross-eyed /ˈkrɒsaid/ adj. (as a disorder) having one or both eyes turned permanently inwards towards the nose 内斜视的，内斜眼的，斗鸡眼的

cross-fade /ˈkrɒsfeid/ v. & n. Radio etc. 【无线电】  ●v. intr.  fade in one sound as another is faded out (声音)交替淡变，平滑转换 ●n.  an act of cross-fading (声音的)交替淡变，平滑转换

cross-fertilize /krɒsˈfɜ:tilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  fertilize (an animal or plant) from another usu. of the same species 使(动物)异体受精；使(植物)异花受精 2  help by the interchange of ideas etc. (通过交流思想等)相互得益 □ cross-fertilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

crossfire /ˈkrɒsfaiə/ n.  1  firing in two crossing directions simultaneously 交叉火力 2  a  attack or criticism from several sources at once 交叉攻击(或批评)b  a lively or combative exchange of views etc. (观点等的)激烈交锋

cross-grain /ˈkrɒsɡrein/ n.  a grain in timber that runs across the regular grain (木材的)逆纹，斜纹 often 常作 attrib.: cross-grain shrinkage  逆纹皱缩

cross-grained /ˈkrɒsɡreind/ adj.  1 (of timber) having a cross-grain (木材)逆纹的，斜纹的 2  perverse, intractable 倔强的；棘手的

cross-hair /ˈkrɒshɛə/ n.  a fine wire at the focus of an optical instrument for use in measurement etc. (光学仪器镜头上起测量等作用的)十字丝，叉丝

cross-hatch /ˈkrɒshætʃ/ v. tr.  shade with intersecting sets of parallel lines 用(若干组交叉平行线)表现阴影

cross-head /ˈkrɒshed/ n.  1  a bar between the piston rod and connecting rod in a steam engine (蒸汽机活塞杆与连杆之间的)十字头 2  = CROSS-HEADING 

cross-heading /ˈkrɒshediŋ/ n.  a heading to a paragraph printed across a column in the body of an article in a newspaper etc. (报纸等文章内的)小标题

crossing /ˈkrɒsiŋ/ n.  1  a place where things (esp. roads) cross 交叉点(尤指十字路口) 2  a place at which one may cross a street etc. (大街等的)人行横道  pedestrian crossing  人行横道 3  a journey across water 横越，横渡  had a smooth crossing  渡海时风平浪静 4  the intersection of a church nave and transepts (十字形教堂中)中殿与耳堂相交处 5 Biol.  mating 【生】交配，交尾，杂交

crossing over n.  an exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes (cf. 参见 RECOMBINATION) (同源染色体间遗传物质的)交换

cross-legged /krɒsˈleɡd, -ˈleɡid, ˈkrɒs-/ adj.  with one leg crossed over the other 盘腿的，跷着二郎腿的

cross-link /ˈkrɒsliŋk/ n. (also 亦作 cross-linkage) Chem.  a bond between chains of atoms in a polymer etc. 【化】(聚合物原子链之间的)交联键

crossmatch /krɒsˈmætʃ/ v. tr. Med.  test the compatibility of (a donor's and a recipient's blood or tissue) 【医】化验(血液或组织的捐赠者与接受者的)亲和性 □ crossmatching  n.  

crossover /ˈkrɒsəʊvə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a point or place of crossing from one side to the other 跨路线桥；渡口；人行横道 2  the process of crossing over, esp. from one style or genre to another 改变风格(或种类) ●adj.  1  having a part that crosses over 交叉的；交换的 2  that crosses over, esp. from one style or genre to another 改变风格(或种类)的

crosspatch /ˈkrɒspætʃ/ n. colloq.  a bad-tempered person [口]脾气暴躁的人 [CROSS adj. 1 + obsolete patch ‘fool, clown’]

crosspiece /ˈkrɒspi:s/ n.  a transverse beam or other component of a structure etc. (结构或装置的)横档，横杆

cross-ply /ˈkrɒsplai/ adj. Brit. (of a tyre) having fabric layers with cords lying crosswise [英] (轮胎)有交叉帘布层的

cross-pollinate /krɒsˈpɒlineit/ v. tr.  pollinate (a plant) with pollen from another plant 使(植物)异花传粉 □ cross-pollination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

cross-question /krɒsˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  = CROSS-EXAMINE 

cross-refer /krɒsriˈfɜ:/ v. intr. (-referred, -referring)  refer from one part of a book, article, etc., to another (在同一书籍或文章等中)相互参照

cross-reference /ˈkrɒsref(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  a reference from one part of a book, article, etc., to another (同一书籍、文章等中的)相互参照，互见 ●v. tr.  provide with cross-references 提供相互参照

cross-rhythm /ˈkrɒsrið(ə)m/ n.  1  a rhythm used simultaneously with another rhythm or other rhythms 交叉节奏(指一个节奏与其他节奏同时使用) 2  an instance of using two or more rhythms simultaneously 交叉节奏，混合节奏(即同时使用两个以上的节奏)

crossroad /ˈkrɒsrəʊd/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an intersection of two or more roads 十字路口，交叉路口 2 US  a road that crosses a main road or joins two main roads [美]交叉路，(连接两条主要道路的)横路，支路 □ at the crossroads   at a critical point in one's life 处在(人生的)关键时期，面临着重大抉择

cross-ruff /ˈkrɒsrʌf/ n. & v. Bridge etc. 【桥牌】  ●n.  the alternate trumping of partners' leads 交叉吃张(指搭档之间互出对方缺门的牌为对方赢得出牌权) ●v. intr.  play in this way (和搭档)交叉吃张地出牌

cross-section /krɒsˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a cutting of a solid at right angles to an axis 横断，横切，横截b  a plane surface produced in this way 横断面，横切面，截面，剖面c  a representation of this 截面图，剖面图 2  a representative sample, esp. of people (尤指人)典型，具有代表性的实例 3 Physics  a quantity expressing the probability of interaction between subatomic particles 【物理学】(核反应的)有效截面(用于表达亚原子粒子间相互作用的可能性) □ cross-sectional  adj.  

cross stitch n. & v. ●n.  1  a stitch formed of two stitches crossing each other 十字形针迹 2  needlework done using this stitch 十字形针迹刺绣 ●v. tr. (作 cross-stitch)  sew or embroider with cross stitches 用十字形针迹缝制(或刺绣)

cross-subsidize /krɒsˈsʌbsidaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  subsidize out of the profits of another business or activity 交叉补贴(即用其他生意或活动的利润来补贴) □ cross-subsidy  n.  

crosstalk /ˈkrɒstɔ:k/ n.-  1  unwanted transfer of signals between communication channels (电信频道之间的)串话干扰 2 Brit.  witty talk; repartee [英]机敏的应答，巧辩；相声

crosstrees /ˈkrɒstri:z/ n. pl. Naut.  a pair of horizontal timbers at the top of a lower mast, supporting the topmast 【海】桅顶横杆(装在下桅顶部以支撑中桅的一对横杆)

cross-voting /ˈkrɒsvəʊtiŋ/ n.  voting for a party not one's own, or for more than one party 跨党投票(即投非自己党派或投一个以上党派的票)

crosswalk /ˈkrɒswɔ:k/ n. N. Amer. & Austral.  a pedestrian crossing [北美澳]人行横道

crossways /ˈkrɒsweiz/ adv.  = CROSSWISE 

crosswind /ˈkrɒswind/ n.  a wind blowing across one's direction of travel 侧风

crosswise /ˈkrɒswaiz/ adj. & adv.  1  in the form of a cross; intersecting 成十字形的(地)，交叉的(地) 2  transverse or transversely 横向的(地)，横越的(地)，横跨的(地)

crossword /ˈkrɒswɜ:d/ n. (also 亦作 crossword puzzle)  a puzzle of a grid of squares and blanks into which words crossing vertically and horizontally have to be filled from clues 纵横填字谜，纵横填字游戏

crostini /krɒˈsti:ni/ n. pl.  small pieces of toasted or fried bread served with a topping as a starter (作为第一道菜的)烤(或油炸)面包小块 [Italian, pl. of crostino ‘little crust’]

crotch /krɒtʃ/ n.  a place where something forks, esp. the legs of the human body or a garment (cf. 参见 CRUTCH 3) 分叉部位；(尤指人体的)两腿分叉处，胯部；裤裆部位 [perhaps = Middle English & Old French croc(he) ‘hook’, formed as CROOK]

crotchet /ˈkrɒtʃit/ n.  1 Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of a quarter of a semibreve and usu. representing one beat, drawn as a large dot with a stem [英]【音】四分音符(通常为一拍) 2  a whimsical fancy 怪念头，怪癖 3  a hook 小钩，钩状物 [Middle English from Old French crochet, diminutive of croc ‘hook’ (see CROTCH)]

crotchety /ˈkrɒtʃiti/ adj.  peevish, irritable 脾气坏的，易怒的，急躁的 □ crotchetiness  n.   [CROTCHET 2 + -Y1]

croton /ˈkrəʊt(ə)n/ n.  1  any small tree or shrub of the genus Croton, producing a capsule-like fruit 巴豆属树木(矮小乔木或灌木，果实形似胶囊) 2  any small tree or shrub of the genus Codiaeum, esp. C. variegatum, with coloured ornamental leaves 变叶木(彩色叶子可供观赏) [modern Latin from Greek krotōn ‘sheep-tick, croton’ (from the shape of its seeds)]

croton oil n.  a powerful purgative obtained from the fruit of Croton tiglium 巴豆油(从巴豆子中提取的油脂，为强效泻药)

crouch /kraʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  lower the body with the limbs close to the chest, esp. for concealment, or (of an animal) before pouncing; be in this position (人在躲藏时)蹲，蹲伏；(动物准备跳跃时)蜷伏 ●n.  an act of crouching; a crouching position 蹲伏(姿势)；蜷伏(姿势) [Middle English, perhaps via Old French crochir ‘be bent’ from croc ‘hook’: cf. CROOK]

croup1 /kru:p/ n.  an inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, with a hard cough and difficulty in breathing 哮吼，格鲁布(一种痉挛性喉头炎，伴有干咳和呼吸困难等症状，患者多为婴儿) □ croupy  adj.   [dialect croup ‘to croak’ (imitative)]

croup2 /kru:p/ n.  the rump or hindquarters esp. of a horse (尤指马的)臀部 [Middle English from Old French croupe, related to CROP]

croupier /ˈkru:piə, -piei/ n.  1  the person in charge of a gaming table, raking in and paying out money etc. 赌台管理员(主要负责收、付赌钱) 2  the assistant chairperson at a public dinner, seated at the foot of the table (坐在餐桌下首的)公共宴会副主持人 [earlier in the sense ‘advisor standing behind a gambler’: French, originally = rider on the croup: see CROUP2]

crouton /ˈkru:tɒn/ n.  a small piece of fried or toasted bread served with soup or used as a garnish 油炸(或烘烤)的面包小块(用作汤或菜的饰料) [French croûton from croûte CRUST]

crow1 /krəʊ/ n.  1  any large bird of the genus Corvus, having a powerful black beak, a harsh call, and usu. glossy black plumage 乌鸦属大型鸟类 2  any bird of the family Corvidae 鸦科鸟类 3 slang derog.  a woman, esp. an old or ugly one [俚语] [贬]老太婆，丑婆娘 □ as the crow flies   in a straight line 沿直线，不绕道□ eat crow  N. Amer.  submit to humiliation [北美]蒙受屈辱(如被迫认错) [Old English crɑˉwe, ultimately from West Germanic]

crow2 /krəʊ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (past crowed or crew /kru:/) (of a cock) utter its characteristic loud cry (雄鸡)啼叫 2 (of a baby) utter happy cries (婴儿)欢叫 3 (usu. foll. by 常后跟 over)  express unrestrained gleeful satisfaction (因成功而)得意洋洋 ●n.  1  the cry of a cock 鸡啼声 2  a happy cry of a baby (婴儿的)欢叫声 [Old English crɑˉwan, of imitative origin]

crowbar /ˈkrəʊbɑ:/ n.  an iron bar with a flattened end, used as a lever 撬棍，铁撬

crowberry /ˈkrəʊb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a heathlike evergreen shrub, Empetrum nigrum, bearing black berries 岩高兰(一种类似欧石南属的常青灌木，结黑色浆果)b  the flavourless edible berry of this plant 岩高兰果(一种黑色无味浆果，可食用) 2 US  a cranberry [美]越橘果

crow-bill n. Brit.  forceps for extracting bullets etc. [英]鸟喙钳子(用于从伤口中取出子弹等的手术钳)

crowd /kraʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large number of people gathered together, usu. without orderly arrangement (无秩序的)人群 2  a mass of spectators; an audience 观众；听众 3 colloq.  a particular company or set of people [口] (特定)一群人，一伙人  met the crowd from the sales department  遇见销售部的一帮人 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  the mass or multitude of people 群众，大众，老百姓  go along with the crowd  和群众打成一片 5  a large number (of things) (事物)一堆，一批，众多 6  actors representing a crowd 群众演员 ●v.  1  a intr.  come together in a crowd 聚集，群集b tr.  cause to do this 使聚集，使群集c intr.  force one's way 挤，推搡 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 into)  force or compress into a confined space 装进，塞进b (often foll. by 常后跟 with; usu. in passive 通常用被动)  fill or make abundant with 挤满，塞满  was crowded with tourists  挤满了游客 3 tr.  a (of a number of people) come aggressively close to (人群)逼近，催逼b colloq.  harass or pressure (a person) [口]骚扰(某人)；迫使 □ crowd out   exclude by crowding (因空间不足而)挤出，排挤□ crowdedness  n.   [Old English crūdan ‘press, drive’]

crowd-puller n. colloq.  an event, person, or thing that attracts a large audience [口]吸引人群的事件(人或物)

crowfoot /ˈkrəʊfʊt/ n.  any of various aquatic plants of the genus Ranunculus, with white buttercup-like flowers held above the water 毛莨属水生植物(花白色，浮于水面之上)

crown /kraʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a monarch's ornamental and usu. jewelled headdress 王冠，冕 2 (作 the Crown)  a  the monarch, esp. as head of state 国王，君主b  the power or authority residing in the monarchy 王权；王位；王国政府 3  a  a wreath of leaves or flowers etc. worn on the head, esp. as an emblem of victory (用树枝或花朵等做成象征荣誉或胜利的)花冠b  an award or distinction gained by a victory or achievement, esp. in sport (尤指体育运动中的)荣誉称号，冠军称号 4  a crown-shaped thing, esp. a device or ornament 王冠状物，花冠状物(尤指装置或饰物) 5  the top part of a thing, esp. of the head or a hat 顶部(尤指头顶或帽顶) 6  a  the highest or central part of an arched or curved thing (拱形物的)顶部，中央部位  crown of the road  路拱b  a thing that completes or forms the summit 顶峰，绝顶 7  the part of a plant just above and below the ground 根颈(植物由根过渡到茎的部位) 8  the upper part of a cut gem above the girdle 宝面(宝石露在镶嵌底板上面的部分) 9  a  the part of a tooth projecting from the gum 齿冠b  an artificial replacement or covering for this 假齿冠 10  a  a former British coin equal to five shillings (25p) 克朗(英国旧币制 5 先令硬币)b  any of several foreign coins with a name meaning ‘crown’, esp. the krona or krone 克朗(尤指挪威克朗或丹麦克朗) 11  a former size of paper, 504 × 384 mm 王冠裁(一种印刷纸张的规格 : 504 × 384 mm) ●v. tr.  1  put a crown on (a person or a person's head) 在(某人头上)戴上花冠，授予(某人)荣誉 2  invest (a person) with a royal crown or authority 为(某人)加冕，立(某人)为君主 3  be a crown to; encircle or rest on the top of 形成…的顶部；在…的顶部 4  a (often as 常作 crowning adj.)  be or cause to be the consummation, reward, or finishing touch to (使)达到顶峰的；(使)得到奖赏的；(使)作最后点缀的  the crowning glory  至高无上的荣誉b  bring (efforts) to a happy issue 使圆满结束 5  fit a crown to (a tooth) 为(牙齿)镶假齿冠 6 slang  hit on the head [俚语]击中…的头部 7  promote (a piece in draughts) to king (西洋跳棋)使(一棋子)成为“王” [Middle English via Anglo-French corune, Old French corone from Latin corona]

crown cap n. (also 亦作 crown cork)  a cork-lined metal cap for a bottle (内衬软木的)金属瓶盖

Crown Colony n.  a British colony controlled by the Crown (英国王室)直辖殖民地

Crown Court n.  a court of criminal jurisdiction in England and Wales (英格兰和威尔士的)刑事法庭

Crown Derby n.  a soft-paste porcelain made at Derby and often marked with a crown above the letter ‘D’ (有王冠标记的)德比瓷器

crown glass n.  glass made without lead or iron and originally in a circular sheet; used formerly in windows, now as optical glass of low refractive index 冠状玻璃，冕玻璃(原指用作窗户玻璃的无铅无铁玻璃，现指折射率低的光学玻璃)

crown green n. Brit.  a kind of bowling green rising towards the middle [英] (一种中间隆起的)草地滚木球场

crown imperial n.  a tall fritillary, Fritillaria imperialis, with a flower cluster at the top of the stalk 壮丽贝母

crown jewels n. pl.  the regalia and other jewellery worn by the sovereign on certain state occasions (君王于正式场合佩戴的镶嵌在王冠等上面象征王权的)御宝

Crown Office n. (in the UK) an office of the Supreme Court transacting common-law business of Chancery (英国高等法院的)刑事部，公诉署

crown of thorns n.  any starfish of the genus Acanthaster feeding on coral 长棘海星属海星

Crown prince n.  a male heir to a sovereign throne 王储

Crown princess n.  1  the wife of a Crown prince 王妃 2  a female heir to a sovereign throne 女王储

crown roast n.  a roast of rib-pieces of pork or lamb arranged like a crown (把猪或羊肋条串成圆圈的)王冠形花式烤排

crown saw n.  a cylinder with a toothed edge for making a circular hole 筒形锯

crown wheel n.  a wheel with teeth set at right angles to its plane, esp. in the gears of motor vehicles 冕形齿轮，差动器侧伞齿轮

crow's-foot /ˈkrəʊzfʊt/ n. (pl. -feet)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a wrinkle at the outer corner of a person's eye 眼角皱纹 2 Mil.  a caltrop 【军】(阻碍骑兵前进的)铁蒺藜，三角钉

crow's-nest n.  a barrel or platform fixed at the masthead of a sailing vessel as a shelter for a lookout 桅杆瞭望台

crow step n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  = CORBIE-STEP  □ crow-stepped  adj.  

crozier var.  of CROSIER  CROSIER 的变体

CRT abbr.  cathode ray tube [缩略]阴极射线管

cru /kru:, 法 kry/ n.  1  a French vineyard or wine-producing region (法国)葡萄园；产酒地区 2  the grade of wine produced from it 葡萄佳酿酒 [French from crû ‘grown’]

cruces pl.  of CRUX  

crucial /ˈkru:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  decisive, critical 决定性的，关键性的 2 disp.  very important [异议]至关重要的 3 slang  excellent [俚语]极好的 □ cruciality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ crucially  adv.   [French, from Latin crux crucis ‘cross’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of crucial in sense 2 should be restricted to informal contexts. Crucial 的释义 2 的使用应仅限于非正式的语境。 

crucian /ˈkru:ʃ(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 crucian carp)  a yellow cyprinoid fish, Carassius carassius, allied to the goldfish 欧洲鲫鱼 [Low German karusse etc.]

cruciate /ˈkru:ʃiət, -eit/ adj. esp. Anat.  cross-shaped (尤)【解】十字形的，交叉的 [modern Latin cruciatus from Latin (as CRUCIBLE)]

cruciate ligament n.  either of a pair of ligaments in the knee which cross each other and connect the femur and the tibia (膝盖中相互交叉连接股骨和胫骨的)十字韧带

crucible /ˈkru:sib(ə)l/ n.  1  a melting pot for metals etc. (用于熔化金属等的)坩埚，熔化锅 2  a severe test or trial 磨炼，严峻考验 [Middle English via medieval Latin crucibulum ‘night-lamp, crucible’ (perhaps originally a lamp hanging in front of a crucifix), from Latin crux crucis ‘cross’]

crucifer /ˈkru:sifə/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant 十字花科植物 2  a person carrying a processional cross or crucifix (宗教行列中)擎十字架者

cruciferous /kru:ˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj. Bot.  of the plant family Cruciferae, having flowers with four petals arranged in a cross 【植】十字花科的，开十字花的 [Late Latin crucifer (as CRUCIAL, -FEROUS)]

crucifix /ˈkru:sifiks/ n.  a model or image of a cross with a figure of Christ on it 耶稣钉死在十字架上的苦像 [Middle English via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin crucifixus from Latin cruci fixus ‘fixed to a cross’]

crucifixion /kru:siˈfikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  crucifying or being crucified (被)钉死于十字架b  an instance of this 钉死于十字架之刑罚 2 (作 Crucifixion)  a  the crucifixion of Christ 耶稣被钉死于十字架b  a representation of this 耶稣受难像 [ecclesiastical Latin crucifixio (as CRUCIFIX)]

cruciform /ˈkru:sifɔ:m/ adj.  cross-shaped (esp. of a church with transepts) 十字形的(尤指带耳堂的教堂) [Latin crux crucis ‘cross’ + -FORM]

crucify /ˈkru:sifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  put to death by fastening to a cross 钉(或绑)在十字架上处死 2  a  cause extreme pain to 使极为疼痛b  persecute, torment 迫害，折磨c slang  defeat thoroughly in an argument, match, etc. [俚语] (在辩论、比赛等中)彻底击败 □ crucifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French crucifier from Late Latin crucifigere (as CRUCIFIX)]

cruck /krʌk/ n. Brit. hist.  either of a pair of curved timbers extending to the ground in the framework of a type of medieval house-roof [英史义](构成房屋曲木屋架的)曲木 [variant of CROOK]

crud /krʌd/ n. slang [俚语]  1  unwanted impurities; dirt 杂质，渣滓；污物，污垢 2  an unpleasant person 讨厌的人 3  nonsense 废话 □ cruddy  adj. (cruddier, cruddiest)   [variant of CURD]

crude /kru:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  in the natural or raw state; not refined 天然的，未加工的；未提炼的b  rough, unpolished; lacking finish 粗糙的；未经润饰的 2  a (of an action or statement or manners) rude, blunt (行为、言论或举止)粗鲁的，率直的b  offensive, indecent 冒犯的，无礼的，粗鄙的  a crude gesture  冒犯的姿势 3  a Statistics (of figures) not adjusted or corrected 【统计学】(数目)概约的b  rough 粗略的，初步的  a crude estimate  粗略的估计 ●n.  natural mineral oil 原油，石油 □ crudely  adv.  □ crudeness  n.  □ crudity  n.   [Middle English from Latin crudus ‘raw, rough’]

crudités /ˈkru:ditei/ n. pl.  an hors d'oeuvre of mixed raw vegetables often served with a sauce into which they are dipped 蔬菜色拉 [French]

cruel /krʊəl/ adj. & v. ●adj. (crueller, cruellest or crueler, cruelest)  1  indifferent to or gratified by another's suffering 冷漠的，无情的 2  causing pain or suffering, esp. deliberately (尤指故意)令人痛苦的；残暴的，残酷的 ●v. tr. (cruelled, cruelling) Austral. slang  thwart, spoil [澳] [俚语]挫败，使无成功可能 □ cruelly  adv.  □ cruelness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin crudelis, related to crudus (as CRUDE)]

cruelty /ˈkrʊəlti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a cruel act or attitude; indifference to another's suffering 残暴行为，残忍态度；冷漠，无情 2  a succession of cruel acts; a continued cruel attitude 暴行；残忍，残酷  suffered much cruelty  遭受许多暴行 3 Law  physical or mental harm inflicted (whether or not intentional), esp. as a ground for divorce 【法律】(尤指作为离婚理由的身体或精神)虐待 [Old French crualté, ultimately from Latin crudelitas]

cruelty-free adj. (of cosmetics etc.) produced without involving cruelty to animals in the development or manufacturing process 无残暴行为的(指化妆品在研制和生产过程中不曾用动物作试验的)

cruet /ˈkru:it/ n.  1 Brit.  a small container for salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar for use at table [英] (餐桌上用的盐、胡椒、食油、醋等)调味品小瓶 2 (in full 全称 cruet-stand) Brit.  a stand holding cruets [英]调味品瓶架 3 Eccl.  a small container for the wine and water in the celebration of the Eucharist 【教会】(圣餐时装葡萄酒和水的)祭坛用瓶 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French crue ‘pot’ from Old Saxon krūka: related to CROCK2]

cruise /kru:z/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a journey by sea calling at a series of ports usu. according to a predetermined plan, esp. for pleasure 航行，巡航；(尤指)海上航游，乘船游览 2 intr.  sail about without a precise destination 乘船漫游，游弋 3 intr.  a (of a motor vehicle or aircraft) travel at a moderate or economical speed (汽车或飞机为节省燃料而)中速行驶b (of a vehicle or its driver) travel at random, esp. slowly (车辆或司机)缓慢巡行 4 intr.  achieve an objective, win a race etc., with ease (轻易地)达到目的，赢得比赛 5 intr. & tr. slang  walk or drive about (the streets etc.) in search of a sexual (esp. homosexual) partner [俚语] (在大街上)猎艳寻欢(尤指寻觅同性恋对象) ●n.  a cruising voyage, esp. as a holiday 航游(尤指度假航行) [probably from Dutch kruisen ‘to cross’, from kruis CROSS]

cruise control n.  a device which maintains a motor vehicle at a preset constant speed without the use of the accelerator pedal (汽车)常速控制器

cruise missile n.  a missile able to fly at a low altitude and guide itself by reference to the features of the region it traverses 巡航导弹

cruiser /ˈkru:zə/ n.  1  a warship of high speed and medium armament 巡洋舰，巡航艇 2  = CABIN CRUISER  3 N. Amer.  a police patrol car [北美]警察巡逻车 [Dutch kruiser (as CRUISE)]

cruiserweight /ˈkru:zəweit/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  = LIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT 

cruising speed /ˈkru:ziŋ/ n.  a comfortable and economical speed for a motor vehicle, below its maximum speed (汽车舒适而又节省燃料的)巡行速度

cruller /ˈkrʌlə/ n. N. Amer.  a small cake made of a rich dough twisted or curled and fried in fat [北美]炸纽绞(一种类似麻花的油炸食品) [probably from Dutch krullen ‘curl’]

crumb /krʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small fragment, esp. of bread 碎屑(尤指面包屑)b  a small particle 少许，一点儿  a crumb of comfort  一点点安慰 2  the soft inner part of a loaf of bread 面包心(面包中心的柔软部分) 3 slang  an objectionable person [俚语]讨厌的人，无用的人，卑微的人 ●v. tr.  1  cover with breadcrumbs 把…裹上面包屑 2  break into crumbs 把…弄碎，捣碎 [Old English cruma]

crumble /ˈkrʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  break or fall into crumbs or fragments 弄碎，使成碎屑；破碎，碎裂 2 intr. (of power, a reputation, etc.) gradually disintegrate (权力、名声等)逐渐崩溃，瓦解，消失 ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a mixture of flour and fat, rubbed to the texture of breadcrumbs and cooked as a topping for fruit etc. (水果等上面覆盖的)点心脆皮b  a usu. specified dish having such a topping 酥皮水果点心  apple crumble  脆皮苹果点心 vegetable crumble  脆皮蔬菜点心 2  a crumbly or crumbled substance 易碎的东西，破碎的东西 [Middle English from Old English, formed as CRUMB]

crumbly /ˈkrʌmbli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (crumblier, crumbliest)  consisting of, or apt to fall into, crumbs or fragments 由碎屑构成的；易碎的 ●n. (pl. -ies) slang offens.  an old person [俚语] [冒犯]老年人 □ crumbliness  n.  

crumbs /krʌmz/ int. Brit. slang  expressing dismay or surprise [英] [俚语] (表示惊恐或惊讶)哎呀，天哪 [euphemism for Christ]

crumby /ˈkrʌmi/ adj. (crumbier, crumbiest)  1  like or covered in crumbs 似碎屑的，覆有碎屑的 2 colloq. [口]  = CRUMMY 

crumhorn var.  of KRUMMHORN  KRUMMHORN 的变体

crummy /ˈkrʌmi/ adj. (crummier, crummiest) colloq.  dirty, squalid; inferior, worthless [口]肮脏的，邋遢的；低劣的，无价值的 □ crummily  adv.  □ crumminess  n.   [variant of CRUMBY]

crump /krʌmp/ n. & v. Mil. slang 【军】[俚语] ●n.  the sound of a bursting bomb or shell (炸弹或炮弹的)爆炸声 ●v. intr.  make this sound 发出爆炸声 [imitative]

crumpet /ˈkrʌmpit/ n.  1  a soft flat cake of a yeast mixture cooked on a griddle and eaten toasted and buttered 烤面饼，烙饼 2 Brit. slang offens. [英] [俚语] [冒犯]  a  a sexually attractive person, esp. a woman (尤指招人喜欢的)性感女郎b  women regarded collectively, esp. as objects of sexual desire (总称)女人(尤指作为性欲对象) 3 Brit. archaic slang  the head [英古义] [俚语]头，脑袋 [17th c.: origin uncertain]

crumple /ˈkrʌmp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  crush or become crushed into creases 弄皱，压皱；起皱纹b  ruffle, wrinkle 给…饰褶边，褶皱 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  collapse, give way 倒坍，垮掉 ●n.  a crease or wrinkle 皱褶，折痕；皱纹 □ crumply  adj.   [obsolete crump (v. & adj.) ‘(make or become) curved’]

crumple zone n.  a part of a motor vehicle, esp. the extreme front and rear, designed to crumple easily in a crash and absorb impact (机动车辆前后两端防撞击的)保险缓冲装置

crunch /krʌn(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  crush noisily with the teeth 嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼b  grind (gravel, dry snow, etc.) under foot, wheels, etc. (鞋底、车轮等)嘎吱嘎吱地踩(碾压) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, through)  make a crunching sound in walking, moving, etc. (行走、运动等)发出嘎吱声 ●n.  1  crunching; a crunching sound 咬，嚼；嘎吱声 2 colloq.  a decisive event or moment [口]决定性事件，关键时刻，危急关头 [earlier cra(u)nch (probably imitative), assimilated to munch]

crunchy /ˈkrʌntʃi/ adj. (crunchier, crunchiest)  that can be or has been crunched or crushed into small pieces; hard and crispy 易碎的；松脆的 □ crunchily  adv.  □ crunchiness  n.  

crupper /ˈkrʌpə/ n.  1  a strap buckled to the back of a saddle and looped under the horse's tail to hold the harness back 后鞧(连在马鞍或挽具后边兜过马尾巴的皮带) 2  the hindquarters of a horse (马的)臀部 [Middle English from Old French cropiere (cf. CROUP2)]

crural /ˈkrʊər(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  of the leg 【解】腿的 [French crural or Latin cruralis, from crus cruris ‘leg’]

crusade /kru:ˈseid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of several medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims 十字军远征(指中世纪欧洲国家反对穆斯林国家的几次军事入侵)b  a war instigated by the Church for alleged religious ends (由基督教教会挑起的)神圣战争 2  a vigorous campaign in favour of a cause (推进某一事业的)运动 ●v. intr.  engage in a crusade 从事(某一事业)；为(某一事业)而奋斗 □ crusader  n.   [earlier croisade (French from croix ‘cross’) or crusado (Spanish from cruz ‘cross’)]

cruse /kru:z/ n. archaic  an earthenware pot or jar [古义]坛，罐，壶 [Old English crūse, of unknown origin]

crush /krʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  compress with force or violence, so as to break, bruise, etc. 压碎，压坏，压伤(以使折断、青肿等) 2  reduce to powder by pressure 碾碎，捣碎 3  crease or crumple by rough handling 弄皱，压皱 4  defeat or subdue completely 打败；镇压，征服  crushed by my reply  被我的答复镇住了 ●n.  1  an act of crushing 压碎，压坏；挤压 2  a crowded mass of people 拥挤的人群 3  a drink made from the juice of crushed fruit (水果榨出的)果汁饮料 4 colloq. [口]  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  a (usu. passing) infatuation (通常指短暂的)热恋，迷恋b  the object of an infatuation 热恋的对象  who's the latest crush?  谁是最近的热恋对象？ □ crushable  adj.  □ crusher  n.  □ crushing  adj. (esp. in sense 4 of v. 尤用于动词释义 4)  □ crushingly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French crussir, corussier, Old French croissir, cruissir, ‘gnash (teeth), crack’, from Romanic]

crush bar n. Brit.  a place in a theatre for audiences to buy drinks in the intervals [英] (剧场里供观众休息时买饮料的)小卖部

crush barrier n. Brit.  a barrier, esp. a temporary one, for restraining a crowd [英] (尤指临时性用以阻挡人群的)防挤栏杆

crust /krʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the hard outer part of a loaf of bread 面包皮，干面包皮b  a piece of this with some soft bread attached 有焦皮的面包c  a hard dry scrap of bread (一小块)干硬面包d esp. Austral. slang  a livelihood [尤澳] [俚语]生活，生计  what do you do for a crust?  你靠什么生活？ 2  the pastry covering of a pie 馅饼皮 3  a hard casing of a softer thing, e.g. a harder layer over soft snow (柔软物品的)坚硬外壳(如积雪表面的硬壳) 4 Geol.  the outer rocky portion of the earth, esp. the part overlying the mantle 【地质】地壳 5  a  a coating or deposit on the surface of anything (物体的)外壳，表面沉积物b  a hard dry formation on the skin, a scab (皮肤上的)硬皮，痂 6  a deposit of tartar formed in bottles of old wine (陈酒瓶底沉淀的)酒石，酒垢 7  a slang  impudence [俚语]放肆，无礼，厚颜无耻  you have a crust!  你真厚颜无耻！b  a superficial hardness of manner 表面姿态，外表上的强硬 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  cover or become covered with a crust 用硬皮(或外壳)覆盖 2  form into a crust 结成硬壳；结痂 □ crustal  adj. (in sense 4 of n. 用于名词释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French crouste from Latin crusta ‘rind, shell’]

crustacean /krʌˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, having a hard shell and numerous legs, and usu. aquatic, e.g. the crab, lobster, and shrimp 甲壳纲动物(水生节肢动物如螃蟹、龙虾和小虾) ●adj.  of or relating to crustaceans 甲壳纲的 □ crustaceology  /-ʃiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  □ crustaceous  /-ʃəs/ adj.   [modern Latin crustaceus from crusta: see CRUST]

crusted /ˈkrʌstid/ adj.  1  a  having a crust 有外壳(或硬皮)的b (of wine) having deposited a crust (指酒)有沉淀的，沉淀了酒石的 2  antiquated, venerable 古旧的，古老的；值得敬重的

crustose /krʌˈstəʊs/ adj. (esp. of a lichen) forming or resembling a crust (尤指地衣)壳状的 [Latin crustosus from crusta ‘crust’]

crusty /ˈkrʌsti/ adj. (crustier, crustiest)  1  having a crisp crust 有酥脆外皮的  a crusty loaf  一个有脆皮的面包 2  irritable, curt 易怒的，草率无礼的 3  hard, crustlike 硬的，硬壳般的 □ crustily  adv.  □ crustiness  n.  

crutch /krʌtʃ/ n.  1  a support for a lame person, usu. with a crosspiece at the top fitting under the armpit T 字形拐杖  pair of crutches  一副 T 字形拐杖 2  any support or prop 支撑物，支架，支柱 3  the crotch of the human body or garment (人体的)胯部，两腿分叉处；裤裆 [Old English cryc(c), from Germanic]

crux /krʌks/ n. (pl. cruxes or cruces /ˈkru:si:z/)  1  the decisive point at issue 关键；核心 2  a difficult matter; a puzzle 疑难问题，难题；症结 [Latin, = cross]

cruzado /kru:ˈzɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the chief monetary unit of Brazil between 1988 and 1990 克鲁扎多 (1988 至 1990 年巴西货币单位) [Portuguese cruzado, crusado, = marked with the cross]

cruzeiro /kru:ˈzɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the chief monetary unit of Brazil 1990 － 93 克鲁赛罗 (1990 至 1993 年巴西货币单位) [Portuguese, = large cross]

cry /krai/ v. & n. ●v. (cries, cried)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, for)  make a loud or shrill sound, esp. to express pain, grief, etc., or to appeal for help (尤指疼痛、悲痛或呼救时)大声叫喊，呼喊 2  a intr.  shed tears; weep 流泪；哭泣b tr.  shed (tears) 流(泪)，掉(泪) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  say or exclaim loudly or excitedly (大声或激动地)说，诉说 4 intr. (of an animal, esp. a bird) make a loud call (动物，尤鸟类)鸣，叫 5 tr. (of a hawker etc.) proclaim (wares etc.) in the street (小贩等)沿街叫卖 ●n. (pl. cries)  1  a loud inarticulate utterance of grief, pain, fear, joy, etc. (悲痛、疼痛、恐惧或喜悦等的)叫喊声，呼喊声 2  a loud excited utterance of words 叫喊(或呼喊)；喝彩 3  an urgent appeal or entreaty 紧急呼吁，恳求，请求 4  a spell of weeping (一阵)哭泣，哭声 5  a  public demand; a strong movement of opinion 公众舆论；呼声b  a watchword or rallying call 口令，暗号；战斗口号 6  the natural utterance of an animal, esp. of hounds on the scent (尤指猎犬追猎时发出的)吠声 7  the street-call of a hawker etc. (小贩的)叫卖声 □ cry down   disparage, belittle 贬低，诋毁，轻视□ cry one's eyes (or heart) out   weep bitterly 痛哭流涕，哭得很伤心□ cry for the moon  Brit.  ask for what is unattainable [英]要求无法得到的东西□ cry from the heart   a passionate appeal or protest 强烈呼吁，强烈抗议□ cry off  Brit. colloq.  withdraw from a promise or undertaking [英口]取消承诺；打退堂鼓□ cry out for   demand as a self-evident requirement or solution 迫切需要某物□ cry over spilt (or US [美] spilled) milk   see 见 MILK □ cry stinking fish   disparage one's own efforts, products, etc. 贬低自己的努力，拆自己的台□ cry up   praise, extol 称赞，赞美，赞颂□ cry wolf   see 见 WOLF □ a far cry from   1  a long way from 和…相距很远 2  a very different thing from 和…大相径庭□ for crying out loud  colloq.  an exclamation of surprise or annoyance [口] (表示惊奇或厌烦)哎呀，我的天哪，岂有此理□ in full cry  (of hounds) in keen pursuit (猎犬群)吠叫着追猎，紧追不舍 [Middle English via Old French crier, cri from Latin quiritare ‘wail’]

cry-baby n.  a person, esp. a child, who sheds tears frequently 爱哭的人(尤指爱哭的孩子)

cryer var.  of CRIER  CRIER 的变体

crying /ˈkraiiŋ/ attrib. adj. (of an injustice or other evil) flagrant, demanding redress (不公正行为或弊端)臭名昭著的；需要纠正的  a crying need  迫切的需要 a crying shame  奇耻大辱

cryo- /ˈkraiəʊ/ comb. form (extreme) cold [构词成分] (极)冷的，冰冷的 [Greek kruos ‘frost’]

cryobiology /ˌkraiəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the biology of organisms below their normal temperatures 低温生物学(一门研究低温对生物影响的学科) □ cryobiological  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cryobiologist  n.  

cryogen /ˈkraiə(ʊ)dʒ(ə)n/ n.  a freezing-mixture; a substance used to produce very low temperatures 制冷剂；冷冻剂

cryogenics /kraiə(ʊ)ˈdʒeniks/ n.  1  the branch of physics dealing with the production and effects of very low temperatures 低温学 2  = CRYONICS  □ cryogenic  adj.  

cryolite /ˈkraiəlait/ n. Mineral.  a lustrous sodium aluminium fluoride mineral, used in the smelting of aluminium 【矿】(用于熔炼金属铝的)冰晶石

cryonics /kraiˈɒniks/ n.  the practice or technique of deep-freezing the bodies of those who have died of an incurable disease, in the hope of a future cure 人体冷冻学(指将病死的尸体冷冻保存，等将来有了治疗方法后再使其复活治疗的做法或技术) □ cryonic  adj.   [contraction of CRYOGENICS]

cryoprotectant /ˌkraiəʊprəˈtekt(ə)nt/ n. Biochem.  a substance that prevents the freezing of tissues, or prevents damage to cells etc. during freezing 【生化】防冷冻剂(冷冻时防止组织或细胞受破坏的制剂)

cryopump /ˈkraiəʊpʌmp/ n.  a vacuum pump using liquefied gases 低温泵

cryostat /ˈkraiə(ʊ)stæt/ n.  an apparatus for maintaining a very low temperature 低温恒温器

cryosurgery /kraiəʊˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n.  surgery using the local application of intense cold for anaesthesia or therapy 低温外科，冷冻手术

crypt /kript/ n.  1  an underground room or vault, esp. one beneath a church, used usu. as a burial place 地窖，地下室(尤指通常用作墓穴的教堂地下室) 2 Anat.  a small tubular gland, pit, or recess 【解】小囊，隐窝，腺窝，腺管 [Middle English via Latin crypta from Greek kruptē, from kruptos ‘hidden’]

cryptanalysis /kriptəˈnælisis/ n.  the art or process of solving cryptograms by analysis; code-breaking 密码分析(法)；密码破译(法) □ cryptanalyst  /-ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  □ cryptanalytic  /-ænəˈlitik/ adj.  □ cryptanalytical  /-ænəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.   [CRYPTO- + ANALYSIS]

cryptic /ˈkriptik/ adj.  1  a  obscure in meaning 含义模糊的，含有隐义的b (of a crossword clue etc.) indirect; indicating the solution in a way that is not obvious (纵横填字谜的提示词语)不直截了当的；(答案)不明显的c  secret, mysterious, enigmatic 秘密的，神秘的，费解的 2 Zool. (of coloration etc.) serving for concealment 【动】(指颜色、色彩等)隐藏的，隐蔽的，有保护色的 □ cryptically  adv.   [Late Latin crypticus from Greek kruptikos (as CRYPTO-)]

crypto /ˈkriptəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a person having a secret allegiance to a political creed etc., esp. communism [口] (尤指信仰共产主义的)秘密成员 [as CRYPTO-]

crypto- /ˈkriptəʊ/ comb. form  concealed, secret (crypto-communist 秘密共产党员) [构词成分]隐藏的，隐蔽的 [Greek kruptos ‘hidden’]

cryptocrystalline /kriptəʊˈkrist(ə)lain/ adj.  having a crystalline structure visible only when magnified 隐晶质的(指只有放大数倍之后才能看到其晶体结构的)

cryptogam /ˈkriptə(ʊ)ɡæm/ n. Bot.  a plant that has no true flowers or seeds, e.g. ferns, mosses, algae, and fungi 【植】隐花植物，无花植物(如蕨类植物、苔藓、水藻和真菌) □ cryptogamic  /-ˈɡæmik/ adj.  □ cryptogamous  /-ˈtɒɡəməs/ adj.   [French cryptogame from modern Latin cryptogamae (plantae), formed as CRYPTO- + Greek gamos ‘marriage’]

cryptogram /ˈkriptəɡræm/ n.  a text written in cipher 密文，密码电文

cryptography /kripˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the art of writing or solving codes 密码学，密码编制(破译) □ cryptographer  n.  □ cryptographic  /-təˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cryptographically  /-təˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

cryptology /kripˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  = CRYPTOGRAPHY  □ cryptologist  n.  □ cryptological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

cryptomeria /kriptə(ʊ)ˈmiəriə/ n.  a tall evergreen tree, Cryptomeria japonica, native to China and Japan, with long curved spirally arranged leaves and short cones Also called 亦称作 Japanese cedar 柳杉(产于中国和日本) [CRYPTO- + Greek meros ‘part’ (because the seeds are enclosed by scales)]

crystal /ˈkrist(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a clear transparent mineral, esp. rock crystal 水晶，石英晶体b  a piece of this (一块)水晶 2 (in full 全称 crystal glass)  a  highly transparent glass; flint glass 晶质玻璃；燧石玻璃b  articles made of this 晶质(燧石)玻璃制品 3  the glass over a watch face (表或钟面)玻璃盖片 4 Electronics  a crystalline piece of semiconductor 【电子学】(半导体)石英水晶片，晶体 5 Chem. 【化】  a  an aggregation of atoms or molecules with a regular internal structure and the external form of a solid enclosed by symmetrically arranged plane faces (原子或分子的)结晶b  a solid whose constituent particles are symmetrically arranged 结晶体 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  made of, like, or clear as crystal 用水晶制的；水晶似的；清澈透明的，晶莹的 □ crystal clear  (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  unclouded, transparent 清澈的，透明的 2  readily understood 容易明白的 [Old English via Old French cristal and Latin crystallum from Greek krustallos ‘ice, crystal’]

crystal ball n.  a solid globe of glass or esp. rock crystal, used in crystal-gazing (占卜术使用的)玻璃球(尤指水晶球)

crystal class n.  each of 32 categories of crystals classified according to their symmetry 晶类(根据其对称性共分为 32 类)

crystal-gazing n.  the process of concentrating one's gaze on a crystal ball supposedly in order to obtain a picture of future events etc. 水晶球占卜术，水晶球凝视术

crystal lattice n.  the regular repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline substance 晶格，晶体点阵(指晶状物质中原子、离子或分子有规律的重复排列)

crystalline /ˈkrist(ə)lain/ adj.  1  of, like, or clear as crystal 水晶的；水晶般的，晶莹的，清澈透明的 2 Chem. & Mineral.  having the structure and form of a crystal 【化】【矿】晶体结构的，晶状的 □ crystallinity  /-ˈliniti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French cristallin and Latin crystallinus from Greek krustallinos (as CRYSTAL)]

crystalline lens n.  a transparent lens enclosed in a membranous capsule behind the iris of the eye (眼球的)晶状体

crystallite /ˈkrist(ə)lait/ n.  1  a small crystal 微晶 2  an individual perfect crystal or grain in a metal etc. (金属中的)纯晶体，雏晶 3 Bot.  a region of cellulose etc. with a crystal-like structure 【植】(具有晶体结构的)纤维素区

crystallize /ˈkrist(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  form or cause to form crystals (使)结晶，(使)晶化 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a intr. (of ideas or plans) become definite (想法或计划)成形，具体化b tr.  make definite 使成形，使具体化 3 tr. & intr.  coat or impregnate or become coated or impregnated with sugar (给…) 覆以糖衣，(使…) 浸渍糖汁  crystallized fruit  蜜饯果品 □ crystallizable  adj.  □ crystallization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

crystallography /kristəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  the science of crystal form and structure 晶体学(研究晶体形状及结构的学科) □ crystallographer  n.  □ crystallographic  /-ləˈɡræfik/ adj.  

crystalloid /ˈkrist(ə)lɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  crystal-like 晶状的 2  having a crystalline structure 晶状结构的 ●n.  a substance that in solution is able to pass through a semi-permeable membrane (cf. 参见 COLLOID) 类晶体，拟晶质

crystal set n.  a simple early form of radio receiving apparatus with a crystal touching a metal wire as the rectifier 晶体收音机，矿石收音机

crystal system n.  each of seven distinct symmetrical forms (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, trigonal, hexagonal, monoclinic, and triclinic) into which crystals can be classified according to the relations of their axes. 晶系(晶体七种不同的对称形状之一，即立方晶系、四方晶系、斜方晶系、三方晶系、六方晶系、单斜晶系和三斜晶系)

crèche /kreʃ, kreiʃ/ n.  1 Brit.  a day nursery for babies and young children [英]日托托儿所 2 US  a representation of a Nativity scene [美]基督诞生塑像 [French (as CRATCH)]

crème brûlée /krem bru:ˈlei/ n. (pl. crèmes brûlées pronunc. same 单复发音同 or crème brûlées /-ˈleiz/)  a pudding of cream or custard topped with caramelized sugar 焦糖奶油，焦糖蛋奶冻 [French, = burnt cream]

crème caramel /krem kærəˈmel, ˈkærəmel/ n. (pl. crèmes caramel pronunc. same 单复发音同 or crème caramels /-ˈmelz, -melz/)  a set custard coated with caramel 焦糖蛋奶 [French]

crème de cassis /krem də kæˈsi:s/ n.  a blackcurrant-flavoured liqueur 黑茶藨子甜酒 [French, literally ‘cream of blackcurrant’]

crème de la crème /krem də lɑ: ˈkrem/ n.  the best part; the elite 精华部分；最优秀分子，精英 [French, literally ‘cream of the cream’]

crème de menthe /krem də ˈmɒnθ/ n.  a peppermint-flavoured liqueur 薄荷甜酒 [French, literally ‘cream of mint’]

crème fraiche /krem ˈfreʃ/ n.  a type of thick cream made from double cream with the addition of buttermilk, sour cream, or yogurt 鲜奶油 [French crème fraîche, literally ‘fresh cream’]

crêpe /kreip/ n.  1  a fine often gauzelike fabric with a wrinkled surface 绉丝；绉绸，绉呢 2  a thin pancake, usu. with a savoury or sweet filling (有咸味或甜味馅的)薄烤饼 3 (also 亦作 crêpe rubber)  a very hard-wearing wrinkled sheet rubber used for the soles of shoes etc. (作鞋底用的耐磨)绉胶 □ crêpey  adj.  □ crêpy  adj.   [French via Old French crespe ‘curled’ from Latin crispus]

crêpe de Chine /də ˈʃi:n/ n.  a fine silk crêpe 中国绉纱，双绉 [French, = China crêpe]

crêpe paper n.  thin crinkled paper (装饰用)绉纸

crêpe Suzette /su:ˈzet/ n. (pl. crêpes Suzette pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a small dessert pancake flamed in alcohol at the table 橘子黄油薄烤饼(端上餐桌时浇上烈酒并点燃)

CS abbr. [缩略]  1  Civil Service 文职部门，行政部门 2 Brit.  chartered surveyor [英]特许检察员，特许监督官 3  Court of Session (苏格兰)最高民事法庭

Cs symb. Chem.  the element caesium [符]【化】(化学元素)铯

c/s abbr.  cycles per second [缩略]每秒周数，周 / 秒，赫(兹)

csardas /ˈtʃɑ:dɑ:ʃ, ˈzɑ:dəs/ n. (also 亦作 czardas) (pl. same 单复同)  a Hungarian dance with a slow start and a quick wild finish 恰尔达什舞(一种匈牙利民间舞蹈) [Hungarian csɑˊrdɑˊs from csɑˊrda ‘inn’]

CSC abbr. [缩略]  1  Civil Service Commission 文官委员会 2 Brit.  Conspicuous Service Cross [英]特等功勋十字章

CSE abbr. hist. (in the UK) Certificate of Secondary Education (replaced in 1988 by GCSE) [缩略] [史义] (英国)中等教育证书 (1988 年改为“普通中等教育证书”)

CS gas n.  a gas causing tears and choking, used to control riots etc. (防暴等用的)催泪瓦斯，催泪毒气 [named after B. B. Corson (b. 1896) & R. W. Stoughton (d. 1957), American chemists]

CSI abbr.  Companion of the Order of the Star of India [缩略]印度星章勋位最低级爵士

CSIRO abbr.  Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization [缩略]联邦科学与工业研究组织

CSM abbr. (in the UK) Company Sergeant Major [缩略] (英国)连队军士长

CST abbr.  Central Standard Time [缩略]中部标准时间

CSU abbr. (in the UK) Civil Service Union [缩略] (英国)文官俱乐部

CT abbr. US  Connecticut (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]康涅狄格州(正式邮政用语)

ct. abbr. [缩略]  1  carat  2  cent 

CTC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Cyclists' Touring Club (英国)自行车旅行俱乐部 2 (in the UK) City Technology College (英国)城市技术学院

ctenoid /ˈti:nɔid/ adj. Zool. (of fish scales) having projections on the edge like the teeth of a comb (cf. 参见 PLACOID adj. 1) 【动】(指鱼鳞)栉状的，有栉齿边缘的 [Greek kteis ktenos ‘comb’]

ctenophore /ˈti:nəfɔ:, ˈten-/ n.  any marine animal of the phylum Ctenophora, having a jellyfish-like body bearing rows of cilia, e.g. sea gooseberries Also called 亦称作 comb-jelly 栉水母(栉水母门海洋动物，身体似水母，有 8 对栉状板) [modern Latin ctenophorus (as CTENOID)]

CU abbr.  Cambridge University [缩略]剑桥大学

Cu symb. Chem.  the element copper [符]【化】(化学元素)铜 [Late Latin cuprum]

cu. abbr. [缩略]  cubic 

cub /kʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the young of a fox, bear, lion, etc. (狐狸、熊、狮等的)幼兽，崽 2  an ill-mannered young man 毛头小伙子，举止粗鲁的青年 3 (作 Cub) (in full 全称 Cub Scout)  a member of the junior branch of the Scout Association 幼童军成员 4 (in full 全称 cub reporter) colloq.  a young or inexperienced newspaper reporter [口]初出茅庐的记者，初当记者的人 5 US  an apprentice [美]学徒 ●v. (cubbed, cubbing)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  give birth to (cubs) 生育(幼兽)，产(崽) 2 intr.  hunt fox cubs 狩猎(幼狐) □ cubhood  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

Cuba   古巴

Cuban /kju:bən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Cuba, an island republic in the Caribbean, or its people 古巴的；古巴人的 ●n.  a native or national of Cuba 古巴人

Cuban heel n.  a moderately high straight heel of a man's or woman's shoe 古巴高跟(男式或女式皮鞋的半高跟式样)

cubby /ˈkʌbi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 cubby hole)  1  a very small room 小房间 2  a snug or confined space 舒适的小天地；狭小的地方 [dialect cub ‘stall, pen’, of Low German origin]

cube /kju:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid contained by six equal squares 立方形，立方体 2  a cube-shaped block 立方形木料(或石料) 3 Math.  the product of a number multiplied by its square 【数】立方，三次幂 ●v. tr.  1  find the cube of (a number) 求(某数的)立方 2  cut (food for cooking etc.) into small cubes 将(待烹调的食品)切成小方块 [French cube or Latin cubus, from Greek kubos]

cubeb /ˈkju:beb/ n.  1  a SE Asian shrub, Piper cubeba (pepper family), bearing pungent berries 荜澄茄树(一种胡椒科灌木，产于东南亚，其干果可作调味品) 2  this berry crushed for use in medicated cigarettes 荜澄茄(捣碎后用于含药香烟) [Middle English from Old French cubebe, quibibe, ultimately from Arabic kobɑˉba, kubɑˉba]

cube root n.  the number which produces a given number when cubed 立方根

cubic /ˈkju:bik/ adj.  1  cube-shaped 立方形的，立方体的 2  of three dimensions 三维(数)的 3  involving the cube (and no higher power) of a number 立方的，三次的  cubic equation  三次方程 4 Crystallog.  having three equal axes at right angles 【晶】立方晶系的，等轴晶系的 5 (作 attrib.)  designating a unit of measure equal to the volume of a cube whose side is one of the linear unit specified (指计量单位)立方的  cubic metre  立方米 [French cubique or Latin cubicus from Greek kubikos (as CUBE)]

cubical /ˈkju:bik(ə)l/ adj.  cube-shaped 立方形的，立方体的 □ cubically  adv.  

cubic content n.  the volume of a solid expressed in cubic metres (用立方米表示的固体的)容积，体积

cubicle /ˈkju:bik(ə)l/ n.  1  a small partitioned space, screened for privacy (用屏风隔开的)小单间，小隔间 2  a small separate sleeping compartment 小卧室，小隔间卧室 [Latin cubiculum from cubare ‘lie down’]

cubiform /ˈkju:bifɔ:m/ adj.  cube-shaped 立方形的

cubism /ˈkju:biz(ə)m/ n.  a style and movement in art, esp. painting, in which objects are represented as an assemblage of geometrical forms 立体派，立体主义(尤指绘画中把物体或人物表现为几何形组合的艺术流派) □ cubist  n. & adj.   [French cubisme (as CUBE)]

cubit /ˈkju:bit/ n.  an ancient measure of length, approximately equal to the length of a forearm 肘尺(一种古代长度单位，大约等于前臂的长度) [Middle English from Latin cubitum ‘elbow, cubit’]

cubital /ˈkju:bit(ə)l/ adj.  1 Anat.  of the forearm 【解】前臂的，尺骨的 2 Zool.  of the corresponding part in animals 【动】(动物相应部位)前臂的 [Middle English from Latin cubitalis (as CUBIT)]

cuboid /ˈkju:bɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  cube-shaped; like a cube 立方形的；似立方形的 ●n.  1 Geom.  a rectangular parallelepiped 【几】长方体 2 (in full 全称 cuboid bone) Anat.  the outer bone of the tarsus 【解】骰骨 □ cuboidal  /-ˈbɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin cuboides from Greek kuboeidēs (as CUBE)]

cub reporter  see 见 CUB n. 4 

Cub Scout  see 见 CUB n. 3 

cucking-stool /ˈkʌkiŋstu:l/ n. hist.  a chair on which disorderly women were ducked as a punishment [史义]马桶椅(旧时的一种刑具，将不贞妇女绑在其上作为惩罚) [Middle English from obsolete cuck ‘defecate’]

cuckold /ˈkʌk(ə)ld/ n. & v. ●n.  the husband of an adulteress 戴绿帽子的丈夫，妻子有外遇的人 ●v. tr. (of a man) have a sexual relationship with the wife of (another man) (指男子)与(有夫之妇)通奸，私通 □ cuckoldry  n.   [Middle English cukeweld, cokewold, from Old French cucu ‘cuckoo’]

cuckoo /ˈkʊku:/ n. & adj. ●n.  a long-tailed songbird of the family Cuculidae, esp. the migratory European bird Cuculus canorus, which has a characteristic two-note call and deposits its eggs in the nests of small birds which rear the young as their own 杜鹃，布谷鸟(杜鹃科鸣禽，因其叫声似“布谷”而得名。该鸟总是将卵排在其他鸟类的巢中代其孵化) ●predic. adj. colloq.  crazy, foolish [口]疯狂的，癫狂的；愚蠢的 □ cuckoo in the nest   an unwelcome intruder 不速之客，闯入者 [Middle English from Old French cucu, imitative]

cuckoo bee n. (also 亦作 cuckoo wasp)  a bee (or wasp) which lays its eggs in the nest of another species 布谷鸟蜜蜂(因其排卵和孵卵方式与布谷鸟相似而得名)

cuckoo clock n.  a clock that strikes the hour with a sound like a cuckoo's call, usu. with the emergence on each note of a mechanical cuckoo 布谷鸟自鸣钟(报时时有一只机械布谷鸟出来发出“布谷”的叫声)

cuckoo flower n.  1  a meadow plant, Cardamine pratensis, with pale lilac flowers also called 亦称作 lady's smock 布谷鸟剪秋罗(一种生长在草地上的碎米荠属植物，开淡紫色花) 2  = RAGGED ROBIN 

cuckoo pint n.  a wild arum, Arum maculatum, with arrow-shaped leaves and scarlet berries Also called 亦称作 lords and ladies, JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT 斑叶阿若母，延龄草(一种野生的疆南星属植物，叶子似箭形，其浆果为鲜红色) [earlier -pintle, with reference to the shape of the spadix: see PINTLE]

cuckoo spit n.  froth exuded by larvae of insects of the family Cercopidae on leaves, stems, etc. 沫蝉的泡沫(沫蝉科昆虫吐在植物叶、茎上用以隐蔽其幼虫的泡沫)

cuckoo wasp  see 见 CUCKOO BEE 

cucumber /ˈkju:kʌmbə/ n.  1  a long green fleshy fruit, used in salads 黄瓜 2  the climbing plant, Cucumis sativus, yielding this fruit 黄瓜藤 [Middle English via Old French co(u)combre from Latin cucumer]

cucurbit /kjʊˈkɜ:bit/ n.  = GOURD 1b.  □ cucurbitaceous  /-ˈteiʃəs/ adj.  葫芦科的 [Latin cucurbita]

cud /kʌd/ n.  half-digested food returned from the first stomach of ruminants to the mouth for further chewing 反刍的食物(指反刍动物从胃中吐出继续咀嚼的食物) [Old English cwidu, cudu ‘what is chewed’, corresponding to Old High German kuti, quiti ‘glue’]

cuddle /ˈkʌd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hug, embrace, fondle 搂抱，拥抱，爱抚 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  nestle together; lie close and snug 偎依在一起；紧贴着躺在一起b  kiss and fondle each other amorously (互相)爱抚亲吻 ●n.  a prolonged and fond hug (长时间热烈的)拥抱，搂抱 □ cuddlesome  adj.  不由得想搂抱的，可爱的 [16th c.: perhaps from dialect couth ‘snug’]

cuddly /ˈkʌdli/ adj. (cuddlier, cuddliest)  tempting to cuddle; given to cuddling 令人想搂抱的；喜欢搂搂抱抱的

cuddy /ˈkʌdi/ n. (pl. -ies) Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a donkey 驴 2  a stupid person 蠢人，笨蛋 [perhaps a pet form of the name Cuthbert]

cudgel /ˈkʌdʒ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a short thick stick used as a weapon (用作武器的)短粗棍棒 ●v. tr. (cudgelled, cudgelling; US [美] cudgeled, cudgeling)  beat with a cudgel 用短棍打，棒打 □ cudgel one's brains   think hard about a problem 绞尽脑汁，苦思冥想□ take up the cudgels  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a vigorous defence 奋起捍卫；竭力辩护 [Old English cycgel, of unknown origin]

cudweed /ˈkʌdwi:d/ n.  a plant of the genus Gnaphalium or Filago (daisy family), with hairy or downy leaves 鼠曲草(鼠曲草属或絮菊属植物，叶子上有绒毛)

cue1 /kju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the last words of an actor's speech serving as a signal to another actor to enter or speak (提醒另一演员出场或说话的)尾白，提示b  a similar signal to a singer or player etc. (演唱或演奏等的)提示音(或小节) 2  a  a stimulus to perception etc. (感知、觉察的)刺激物，线索b  a signal for action (行动的)示意，信号c  a hint on how to behave in particular circumstances (特定场合行为的)暗示 3  a facility for cueing audio equipment by allowing the tape to be played at high speed during fast forward wind and stopped when the desired place is reached (音响设备快转放音及在预定位置停止的)标记 ●v. tr. (cues, cued, cueing or cuing)  1  give a cue to 给…提示(或暗示)，为…提白 2  put (a piece of audio equipment, esp. a record player or tape recorder) in readiness to play a particular part of the recorded material (在电唱机或录音机播放录音的特定部分)作标记 □ cue in   1  insert a cue for 在…中插入(对话、场白等) 2  give information to 给…提供消息，提示□ on cue   at the correct moment 恰好在这时候□ take one's cue from   follow the example or advice of 以…为榜样；听…的劝告 [16th c.: origin unknown]

cue2 /kju:/ n. & v. Billiards etc. 【台球】  ●n.  a long straight tapering rod for striking the ball (台球)球杆 ●v. (cues, cued, cueing or cuing)  1 tr.  strike (a ball) with a cue 用球杆击(球) 2 intr.  use a cue 使用球杆 □ cueist  n.   [variant of QUEUE]

cue ball n. Billiards  the ball that is to be struck with the cue 【台球】(用球杆击打的)主球

cue-bid n. Bridge  an artificial bid to show a particular card etc. in the bidder's hand 【桥牌】扣叫(一种试探性逼叫，以表示叫牌人拥有某一特定的牌)

cuesta /ˈkwestə/ n. Geog.  a gentle slope, esp. one ending in a steep drop 【地理】单斜脊，单面山 [Spanish, = slope, from Latin costa: see COAST]

cuff1 /kʌf/ n.  1  a  the end part of a sleeve 袖口b  a separate band of linen worn round the wrist so as to appear under the sleeve (戴在手腕上的)护腕c  the part of a glove covering the wrist 长手套的腕部 2 N. Amer.  a trouser turn-up [北美] (裤脚的)翻边 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  handcuffs [口]手铐 □ off the cuff  colloq.  without preparation, extempore [口]未经准备地，即席地，随意地□ cuffed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English: origin unknown]

cuff2 /kʌf/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  strike with an open hand 用巴掌打 ●n.  such a blow 一掌，一巴掌 [16th c.: perhaps imitative]

cuff link n.  a device of two joined studs etc. to fasten the sides of a cuff together (衬衫的)袖口链扣，饰扣

Cufic var.  of KUFIC  KUFIC 的变体

cui bono? /kwi: ˈbɒnəʊ, ˈbəʊ-/  who stands, or stood, to gain? (with the implication that this person is responsible) 何人从中受益？(暗示此人应负责任) [Latin, = to whom (is it) a benefit?]

cuirass /kwiˈræs/ n.  1 hist.  a piece of armour consisting of breastplate and back-plate fastened together [史义] (胸甲和背甲连在一起的)护胸铠甲 2  a device for artificial respiration 人工呼吸装置 [Middle English from Old French cuirace, ultimately from Late Latin coriaceus from corium ‘leather’]

cuirassier /kwirəˈsi:ə/ n. hist.  a cavalry soldier wearing a cuirass [史义]披护胸铠甲的骑兵 [French (as CUIRASS)]

cuisine /kwiˈzi:n/ n.  a style or method of cooking, esp. of a particular country or establishment (尤指某个特定国家或机构的)烹饪，烹饪术 [French from Latin coquina, from coquere ‘to cook’]

cuisse /kwis/ n. (also 亦作 cuish /kwiʃ/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) hist.  thigh armour [史义]护腿铠甲 [Middle English, via Old French cuisseaux, pl. of cuissel, from Late Latin coxale, from coxa ‘hip’]

culchie /ˈkʌl(t)ʃi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 culshie) Ir. slang, often derog. [爱尔兰] [俚语] [常贬] ●n.  a country bumpkin 乡下人，土包子 ●adj.  provincial, rustic 地方性的；土气的 [perhaps alteration of Kiltimagh, a country town in County Mayo, Ireland]

cul-de-sac /ˈkʌldəsæk, kʊldəˈsæk/ n. (pl. culs-de-sac pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a street or passage closed at one end 死胡同，死巷 2  a route or course leading nowhere; a position from which one cannot escape 困境；绝路 3 Anat. 【解】  = DIVERTICULUM  [French, = sack-bottom]

-cule /kju:l/ suffix  forming (originally diminutive) nouns (molecule 分子) 构成表示“小”的名词 [French -cule or Latin -culus]

culinary /ˈkʌlin(ə)ri/ adj.  of or for cooking or the kitchen 烹饪的，烹饪用的；厨房的 □ culinarily  adv.   [Latin culinarius from culina ‘kitchen’]

cull /kʌl/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  select, choose, or gather from a large quantity or amount 挑选，选出；收集  knowledge culled from books  从书本中得到的知识 2  pick or gather (flowers, fruit, etc.) 采集，采摘(花朵、水果等) 3  a  select (animals) according to quality, esp. poor surplus specimens for killing 按质挑选(牲畜) (尤指挑出质劣和多余者宰杀)b  reduce the population of (an animal) by selective slaughter (选择性宰杀以)减少牲畜数量 ●n.  1  an act of culling 挑选，拣选，剔除 2  an animal or animals culled 被剔除的牲畜，劣种牲畜 □ culler  n.   [Middle English from Old French coillier etc., ultimately from Latin colligere COLLECT1]

cullet /ˈkʌlit/ n.  recycled waste or broken glass used in glass-making (回收使用的)碎玻璃，废玻璃 [variant of COLLET, in the obsolete sense ‘glass left on the blowing-iron when the finished article is removed’]

culm1 /kʌlm/ n.  1  coal dust, esp. of anthracite (无烟煤)煤屑 2 Geol.  strata under coal measures, esp. in SW England 【地质】(尤指英格兰西南部)碳质页岩 [Middle English, probably related to COAL]

culm2 /kʌlm/ n. Bot.  the stem of a plant, esp. of grasses 【植】(尤指草的)空心秆 □ culmiferous  /-ˈmifərəs/ adj.   [Latin culmus ‘stalk’]

culminant /ˈkʌlminənt/ adj.  1  at or forming the top 达到顶点的，形成高潮的 2 Astron.  on the meridian 【天】子午线上的，中天的 [as CULMINATE + -ANT]

culminate /ˈkʌlmineit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  reach its highest or final point 达到顶点(或高潮)；达到终点，告终  the antagonism culminated in war  那次对抗以战争而告终 2 tr.  bring to its highest or final point 使达到顶点(或高潮)；使告终 3 intr. Astron.  be on the meridian 【天】达到中天，到子午线 □ culmination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin culminare culminat- from culmen ‘summit’]

culottes /kju:ˈlɒts/ n. pl.  women's (usu. short) trousers cut to resemble a skirt 女用裙裤(通常指裤腿宽大如裙的短裤) [French, = knee-breeches]

culpa /ˈkʌlpə/ n. Law  neglect resulting in damage; negligence 【法律】过失；玩忽行为 [Latin, = fault, blame]

culpable /ˈkʌlpəb(ə)l/ adj.  deserving blame 应受责备的，应受惩处的 □ culpability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ culpably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French coupable from Latin culpabilis, via culpare from culpa ‘blame’]

culprit /ˈkʌlprit/ n.  a person accused of or guilty of an offence 刑事被告，未决犯；罪犯 [17th c.: originally in the formula Culprit, how will you be tried?, said by the Clerk of the Crown to a prisoner pleading Not Guilty: perhaps from an abbreviation of Anglo-French Culpable: prest d'averrer notre bille ‘(You are) guilty: (We are) ready to prove our indictment’]

culshie var.  of CULCHIE  CULCHIE 的变体

cult /kʌlt/ n.  1  a system of religious worship esp. as expressed in ritual 礼拜，膜拜；祭礼 2  a  devotion or homage to a person or thing (对人或事物的)狂热崇拜  the cult of aestheticism  对唯美主义的狂热崇拜b  a popular fashion esp. followed by a specific section of society (尤指社会某阶层的)时尚，一时的狂热 3 (作 attrib.)  denoting a person or thing popularized in this way (人或事物)风靡一时的，狂热崇拜的  cult film  风靡一时的电影 cult figure  受崇拜的人，偶像 □ cultic  adj.  □ cultism  n.  □ cultist  n.   [French culte or Latin cultus ‘worship’, from colere cult- ‘inhabit, till, worship’]

cultivar /ˈkʌltivɑ:/ n. Bot.  a cultivated plant variety produced by selective breeding 【植】栽培品种，栽培品系 [CULTIVATE + VARIETY]

cultivate /ˈkʌltiveit/ v. tr.  1  a  prepare and use (soil etc.) for crops or gardening 耕，耕作b  break up (the ground) with a cultivator 中耕，松土 2  a  raise or produce (crops) 栽培，种植(庄稼)b  culture (bacteria, cells, etc.) 培育(细菌、细胞等) 3  a (often as 常作 cultivated adj.)  apply oneself to improving or developing (the mind, manners, etc.) 陶冶，磨炼(思想、态度等)b  pay attention to or nurture (a person or a person's friendship); ingratiate oneself with (a person) 使(某人)有教养；加强友谊；结交朋友 □ cultivable  adj.  □ cultivatable  adj.  □ cultivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin cultivare from cultiva (terra) ‘arable (land)’ (as CULT)]

cultivator /ˈkʌltiveitə/ n.  1  a mechanical implement for breaking up the ground and uprooting weeds 耕耘机，中耕机 2  a person or thing that cultivates 耕种者，栽培者

cultural /ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the cultivation of the mind or manners, esp. through artistic or intellectual activity (有关)修养的，教养的；智育的 □ culturally  adv.  

culture /ˈkʌltʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively 文化(文学艺术的总称)  a city lacking in culture  一座缺乏文化气息的城市b  a refined understanding of this; intellectual development 文化修养；智力发展状况  a person of culture  有文化修养的人 2  the customs, civilization, and achievements of a particular time or people (特定时期或民族的)风俗；文明；成就  studied Chinese culture  研究过中国文明 3  improvement by mental or physical training 教育，教养，陶冶 4  a  the cultivation of plants; the rearing of bees, silkworms, etc. (作物的)种植，栽培；(蜜蜂、蚕等)养殖b  the cultivation of the soil (土地的)耕作 5  a  the cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc. in an artificial nutrient medium (细菌、细胞组织等的)培养b  a growth of cells etc. so obtained 培养的细胞组织 ●v. tr.  maintain (cells etc.) in conditions suitable for growth 培养(细胞组织等) [Middle English from French culture or Latin cultura (as CULT): the verb from obsolete French culturer or medieval Latin culturare]

culture-bound adj.  restricted in character or outlook by belonging to a particular culture (性格或观点等)受文化制约的

cultured /ˈkʌltʃəd/ adj.  having refined taste and manners and a good education 有教养的，有文化的；文雅的

cultured pearl n.  a pearl formed by an oyster after the insertion of a foreign body into its shell 人工养殖珍珠

culture shock n.  the feeling of disorientation experienced by a person suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture or way of life 文化冲击(指面临陌生文化或生活方式时所产生的困惑感)

culture vulture n. colloq.  a person eager to acquire culture [口]热衷于文化的人，贪求文化的人

cultus /ˈkʌltəs/ n.  a system of religious worship; a cult (宗教上的)膜拜；崇拜 [Latin: see CULT]

culverin /ˈkʌlv(ə)rin/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a long cannon 长炮，重炮 2  a small firearm 火枪；步枪 [Middle English from Old French coulevrine, from couleuvre ‘snake’, ultimately from Latin colubra]

culvert /ˈkʌlvət/ n.  1  an underground channel carrying water across a road etc. (道路等下面的)涵洞，涵洞管道 2 Brit.  a channel for an electric cable [英]电缆管道 [18th c.: origin unknown]

cum1 /kʌm/ prep. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  with, combined with, also used as 和，与；附有，连同；兼作  a bedroom-cum-study  卧室兼书房 [Latin]

cum2 /kʌm/ n. slang [俚语]  = COMEn.  [corruption]

cumber /ˈkʌmbə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. literary  hamper, hinder, inconvenience [文学用语]阻碍，妨碍；给…带来不便 ●n.  a hindrance, obstruction, or burden 妨碍物，障碍物；累赘，负担 [Middle English, probably from ENCUMBER]

Cumberland sausage /ˈkʌmbələnd/ n. Brit.  a type of coarse-grained sausage traditionally made in a continuous strip from which the amount required is cut [英]坎伯兰香肠(传统的做法是做成连续不断的长条，切开来卖)

cumbersome /ˈkʌmbəs(ə)m/ adj.  inconvenient in size, weight, or shape; unwieldy (因大小、重量、形状等而)不方便的，笨重的；难使用的 □ cumbersomely  adv.  □ cumbersomeness  n.   [Middle English from CUMBER + -SOME1]

cumbia /ˈkʊmbiə/ n.  1  a kind of dance music of Colombian origin, similar to salsa 坎比亚舞曲(源于哥伦比亚，与萨尔萨舞曲相似) 2  a dance performed to this music 坎比亚舞蹈 [adapted from Colombian Spanish, perhaps from Spanish cumbé]

Cumbrian /ˈkʌmbriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Cumberland in northern England (英国北部)坎伯兰郡的 2  a  of the ancient British kingdom of Cumbriria (古代英国)坎布里亚王国的b  of the myounty of Cumbria (现代英国)坎布里亚郡的 ●n.  a native of Cumberland or of ancient or modern Cumbria 坎伯兰人；坎布里亚人；古坎布里亚王国居民 [medieval Latin Cumbria, from Welsh Cymry ‘Welshmen’, + -AN]

cumbrous /ˈkʌmbrəs/ adj.  = CUMBERSOME  □ cumbrously  adv.  □ cumbrousness  n.   [CUMBER + -OUS]

cum grano salis /kʌm ˌɡrɑ:nəʊ ˈsɑ:lis/ adv.  with a grain of salt (cf. 参见 take with a pinch of salt 半信半疑地 (see 见 SALT)) 有保留地，不全信地，有所怀疑地 [Latin]

cumin /ˈkʌmin/ n. (also 亦作 cummin)  1  an umbelliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, bearing aromatic seeds 莳萝，土茴香(伞形科植物，其种子有芳香气味) 2  these seeds used as flavouring, esp. ground and used in curry powder (尤指碾碎用于咖喱粉的)莳萝子，土茴香子 [Middle English via Old French cumin, comin and Latin cuminum from Greek kuminon, probably of Semitic origin]

cummerbund /ˈkʌməbʌnd/ n.  a waist sash 宽腰带 [Hindustani & Persian kamar-band ‘loin-band’]

cummin var.  of CUMIN  CUMIN 的变体

cumquat var.  of KUMQUAT  KUMQUAT 的变体

cumulate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈkju:mjʊleit/  accumulate, amass; combine 积累，积聚；堆积；(使)合并为一 ●adj. /ˈkju:mjʊlət/  heaped up, massed 堆积的，累积的 □ cumulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin cumulare from cumulus ‘heap’]

cumulative /ˈkju:mjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  a  increasing or increased in amount, force, etc., by successive additions (数量)累积的；(力量)渐增的  cumulative evidence  (补充或增强前一证据的)累积证据b  formed by successive additions 逐渐积累形成的  learning is a cumulative process  学识是一个逐渐积累的过程 2 Stock Exch. (of shares) entitling holders to arrears of interest before any other distribution is made 【股】累积股息的，累积红利的 □ cumulatively  adv.  □ cumulativeness  n.  

cumulative error n. Statistics  an error that increases with the size of the sample revealing it 【统计学】累积误差，累积偏差

cumulative voting n.  a system in which each voter has as many votes as there are candidates and may give all to one candidate 累积投票制(投票人领取与候选人数相等的选票，可将全部选票投给一个候选人或分投几个候选人)

cumulo- /ˈkju:mjʊləʊ/ comb. form  cumulus (cloud) [构词成分]积云

cumulonimbus /ˌkju:mjʊləʊˈnimbəs/ n. (pl. cumulonimbuses or cumulonimbi /-bai/) Meteorol.  a cloud like cumulus but formed in towering masses, as in thunderstorms 【气】积雨云，雷雨云(由积云发展而成，顶部向上突起成峰状或塔状，云底乌黑色，出现于雷雨到来之前)

cumulus /ˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. (pl. cumuli /-lai, -li:/) Meteorol. 【气】  1  clouds formed in rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude 积云(晴天时在低空形成的白色云团，呈层叠状) 2  a cloud of this type (一片)积云 □ cumulous  adj.   [Latin, = heap]

cuneate /ˈkju:niət/ adj.  wedge-shaped 楔形的 [Latin cuneus ‘wedge’]

cuneiform /ˈkju:niifɔ:m, -nif-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wedge-shaped 楔形的 2  of, relating to, or using the wedge-shaped writing impressed usu. in clay in ancient Babylonian etc. inscriptions (通常指古巴比伦等的铭文)用楔形文字书写的，楔形文字的 ●n.  cuneiform writing 楔形文字，楔形文字铭文 [French cunéiforme or modern Latin cuneiformis, from Latin cuneus ‘wedge’]

cunjevoi /ˈkʌndʒivɔi/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  a tall plant of the arum family, Alocasia macrorrhiza 海芋，观音莲(海芋属植物) 2  a sea squirt 海鞘(被囊动物) [Aboriginal (NSW), senses 1 and 2 perhaps unconnected]

cunnilingus /kʌniˈliŋɡəs/ n. (also 亦作 cunnilinctus /-ˈliŋ(k)təs/)  oral stimulation of the female genitals 舔阴(指用口接触女性生殖器的性刺激行为) [Latin, from cunnus ‘vulva’ + lingere ‘lick’]

cunning /ˈkʌniŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (cunninger, cunningest)  1  a  skilled in ingenuity or deceit 足智多谋的；狡诈的，诡诈的b  selfishly clever or crafty 狡猾的；灵巧的，熟练的 2  ingenious 制作精巧的，小巧玲珑的  a cunning device  制作精巧的装置 3 N. Amer.  attractive, quaint [北美]可爱的，精巧的，雅致的 ●n.  1  craftiness; skill in deceit 狡猾；狡诈，诡诈 2  skill, ingenuity 熟练；心灵手巧 □ cunningly  adv.  □ cunningness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse kunnandi ‘knowing’, from kunna ‘know’: cf. CAN1]

cunt /kʌnt/ n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  the female genitals 阴道，女子阴部 2 offens.  an unpleasant or stupid person [冒犯]讨厌鬼，笨蛋 [Middle English, from Germanic]

CUP abbr.  Cambridge University Press [缩略]剑桥大学出版社

cup /kʌp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small bowl-shaped container, usu. with a handle for drinking from 杯子 2  a  its contents 一杯的容量  a cup of tea  一杯茶b  = CUPFUL  3  a cup-shaped thing, esp. the calyx of a flower or the socket of a bone 杯形物，(尤指)花萼；骨臼 4  flavoured wine, cider, etc., usu. chilled (葡萄酒、苹果酒加调料制成，通常为冷冻的)混合饮料 5  an ornamental cup-shaped trophy as a prize for victory or prowess, esp. in a sports contest (尤指体育比赛的)奖杯，优胜杯 6  one's fate or fortune 命运，遭遇  a bitter cup  苦难的遭遇 7  either of the two cup-shaped parts of a brassiere 乳罩窝 8  the chalice used or the wine taken at the Eucharist 圣餐杯；圣餐酒 9 Golf  the hole on a putting green or the metal container in it 【高尔夫球】球洞，金属洞壁 ●v. tr. (cupped, cupping)  1  form (esp. one's hands) into the shape of a cup (尤指用手)窝成杯状 2  take or hold as in a cup 用杯子盛放，用杯子舀 3 hist.  bleed (a person) by using a glass in which a partial vacuum is formed by heating [史义]为…拔火罐(放血) □ one's cup of tea  colloq.  what interests or suits one [口]使某人感性趣的东西，合某人胃口的东西□ in one's cups  colloq.  while drunk; drunk [口]正在饮酒的；醉倒的 [Old English cuppe from medieval Latin cuppa probably from Latin cupa ‘tub’]

cupbearer /ˈkʌpbɛərə/ n.  a person who serves wine, esp. an officer of a royal or noble household (尤指王室或贵族家庭宴会上)斟酒侍臣，待酒者

cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/ n.  a recess or piece of furniture with a door and (usu.) shelves, in which things are stored 食橱，碗橱 [Middle English from CUP + BOARD]

cupboard love n.  a display of affection meant to secure some gain (有所企图而)假装的亲热

cupcake /ˈkʌpkeik/ n.  a small cake baked in a cup-shaped foil or paper container and often iced 杯形蛋糕，纸杯蛋糕

cupel /ˈkju:p(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a small flat porous vessel used in assaying gold or silver in the presence of lead 灰皿，烤钵(鉴定金银用的多孔扁平容器) ●v. tr. (cupelled, cupelling; US [美] cupeled, cupeling)  assay or refine in a cupel 用灰皿鉴定，用灰皿提炼 □ cupellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French coupelle from Late Latin cupella, diminutive of cupa: see CUP]

Cup Final n. Brit.  the final match in a competition for a cup [英]优胜杯决赛

cupful /ˈkʌpfʊl/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  the amount held by a cup, esp. N. Amer. a half-pint or 8-ounce measure in cookery 一杯的量；[尤北美] (烹调)半品脱(或 8 盎司) 2  the contents of a full cup 杯中之物  drank a cupful of water  喝了一杯水■Usage 用法说明 A cupful is a measure, and so three cupfuls is a quantity regarded in terms of a cup; three cups full denotes the actual cups, as in he brought us three cups full of water. A cupful 是一个计量单位，所以 three cupfuls 是一个用“杯”计量的数量； three cups full 指的是实际的杯子，如 he brought us three cups full of water (他给我们端来 3 个装满水的杯子)。 

Cupid /ˈkju:pid/ n.  1 (in Roman mythology) the Roman god of love represented as a naked winged boy with a bow and arrows 丘比特(罗马神话中的爱神，为一手执弓矢的双翅裸体男孩) 2 (also 亦作 cupid)  a representation of Cupid 丘比特画像(塑像) [Middle English from Latin Cupido, from cupere ‘desire’]

cupidity /kju:ˈpiditi/ n.  greed for gain; avarice 贪财；贪婪，贪得无厌 [Middle English from Old French cupidité or Latin cupiditas, from cupidus ‘desirous’: related to COVET]

Cupid's bow n.  the upper lip etc. shaped like the double-curved bow carried by Cupid 双弧形的上唇(形状像丘比特的双弧形弓箭)

cup lichen n.  a lichen, Cladonia pyxidata, with cup-shaped processes arising from the thallus 杯形地衣，苔藓(石蕊属植物，从叶状体生出一些杯形突起)

cupola /ˈkju:pələ/ n.  1  a  a rounded dome forming a roof or ceiling 圆形屋顶，圆形天花板b  a small rounded dome adorning a roof (装饰屋顶的)圆形穹顶 2  a revolving dome protecting mounted guns on a warship or in a fort (军舰或城堡的)旋转炮塔 3 (in full 全称 cupola furnace)  a furnace for melting metals 化铁炉，冲天炉 □ cupolaed  /-ləd/ adj.   [Italian from Late Latin cupula, diminutive of cupa ‘cask’]

cuppa /ˈkʌpə/ n. (also 亦作 cupper) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a cup of 一杯 2  a cup of tea 一杯茶 [corruption]

cuprammonium /kju:prəˈməʊniəm/ n. Chem.  a complex ion of divalent copper and ammonia, solutions of which dissolve cellulose 【化】铜氨离子，四氨络铜离子(其溶液可溶解纤维素) [Late Latin cuprum ‘copper’ + AMMONIUM]

cupreous /ˈkju:priəs/ adj.  of or like copper 铜的；似铜的 [Late Latin cupreus from cuprum ‘copper’]

cupric /ˈkju:prik/ adj. Chem.  of copper, esp. divalent copper 【化】铜的(尤指二价铜的) □ cupriferous  /-ˈprif(ə)rəs/ adj.  含铜的，产铜的 [Late Latin cuprum ‘copper’]

cuprite /ˈkju:prait/ n. Mineral.  native cuprous oxide, a red mineral and major copper ore 【矿】赤铜矿

cupro- /ˈkju:prəʊ/ comb. form  copper (cupro-nickel 铜镍合金) [构词成分]铜

cupro-nickel /kju:prəʊˈnik(ə)l/ n.  an alloy of copper and nickel, esp. in the proportions 3:1 as used in ‘silver’ coins 铜镍合金(尤指用于制作银币，铜镍比例为 3 比 1 的铜镍合金)

cuprous /ˈkju:prəs/ adj. Chem.  of copper, esp. monovalent copper 【化】铜的(尤指一价铜的) [Late Latin cuprum ‘copper’]

cup-tie n. Brit.  a match in a competition for a cup [英]优胜杯决赛

cupule /ˈkju:pjʊl/ n. Bot. & Zool.  a cup-shaped organ, receptacle, etc. 【植】【动】壳斗，杯状物；杯形器，杯形托 [Late Latin cupula CUPOLA]

cur /kɜ:/ n.  1  a worthless or snappy dog 劣等狗，恶狗 2 colloq.  a contemptible man [口]卑鄙小人，坏种 [Middle English, probably originally in cur-dog, perhaps from Old Norse kurr ‘grumbling’]

curable /ˈkjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be cured (疾病等)能治愈的 □ curability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [CURE]

curacy /ˈkjʊərəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a curate's office or the tenure of it 助理牧师的职位(任期)

curare /kjʊˈrɑ:ri/ n.  a resinous bitter substance prepared from S. American plants of the genera Strychnos and Chondodendron, paralysing the motor nerves, used by American Indians to poison arrows and blowpipe darts, and formerly used as a muscle relaxant in surgery 箭毒(一种用南美洲马钱子和箭毒素属植物制取的树脂状毒汁，可麻痹运动神经，美洲印第安人用以浸制毒箭和吹管飞镖，以前用作外科手术中的肌肉松弛剂) [Carib]

curassow /ˈkjʊərəsəʊ/ n.  any game bird of the family Cracidae, found in Central and S. America 库拉索鸟(凤冠雉科鸟类，产于中南美洲) [Anglicized from Curaçao, an island in the Caribbean]

curate1 /ˈkjʊərət/ n.  1  a member of the clergy engaged as assistant to a parish priest 助理牧师 2 archaic  an ecclesiastical pastor [古义]堂区牧师 [Middle English from medieval Latin curatus, from Latin cura CURE]

curate2 /kjʊ(ə)ˈreit/ v.  1 tr.  act as curator of (a museum, exhibits, etc.); look after and preserve 担任(博物馆、展览馆等的)馆长；照看，保管 2 intr.  perform the duties of a curator 履行(馆长职责) □ curation  n.   [back-formation from CURATOR]

curate-in-charge n.  = PRIEST-IN-CHARGE 

curate's egg n. esp. Brit.  a thing that is partly good and partly bad [尤英]优劣兼备的物品，不好不坏的东西 [CURATE1, originating in a story of a meek curate who on being given a stale egg stated that ‘parts of it’ were ‘excellent’]

curative /ˈkjʊərətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending or able to cure (esp. disease) (尤指疾病)有疗效的，能治愈的 ●n.  a curative medicine or agent 药品，治疗剂 [French curatif -ive via medieval Latin curativus from Latin curare CURE]

curator /kjʊ(ə)ˈreitə/ n.  a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection (博物馆、展览馆等的)馆长；看管人，管理人 □ curatorial  /kjʊərəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ curatorship  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French curatour (Old French -eur) or Latin curator (as CURATIVE)]

curaçao /kjʊərəˈsəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 curaçoa /-ˈsəʊə/) (pl. -os or curaçoas)  a liqueur of spirits flavoured with the peel of bitter oranges 库拉索酒(一种用酸橘皮调味的甜酒) [Curaçao, the name of the Caribbean island producing these oranges]

curb /kɜ:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a check or restraint 抑制，控制，约束 2  a strap etc. fastened to the bit and passing under a horse's lower jaw, used as a check 马勒，马嚼子 3  an enclosing border or edging such as the frame round the top of a well or a fender round a hearth 围栏(如井栏，壁炉槛) 4  = KERB  ●v. tr.  1  restrain 抑制，控制，约束 2  put a curb on (a horse) 给(马)戴上马勒 [Middle English via Old French courber from Latin curvare ‘bend, CURVE’]

curb roof n.  a roof of which each face has two slopes, the lower one steeper 复折形屋顶

curcuma /ˈkɜ:kjʊmə/ n.  1  the spice turmeric 姜黄(调味品) 2  any tuberous plant of the genus Curcuma, yielding this and other commercial substances 姜黄，郁金(姜黄属块茎植物) [medieval Latin from Arabic kurkum ‘saffron’ from Sanskrit kuṅkuma]

curd /kɜ:d/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a coagulated substance formed by the action of acids on milk, which may be made into cheese or eaten as food (牛奶产生酸性作用而形成的)凝乳 2  a fatty substance found between flakes of boiled salmon flesh (煮熟鲑鳟鱼的)脂肪凝块 3  the edible head of a cauliflower 花椰菜心 □ curdy  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

curd cheese n.  a soft smooth cheese made from skimmed milk curds 凝乳奶酪

curdle /ˈkɜ:d(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  make into or become curds; coagulate, congeal 使结成凝乳；使凝结，使冻结 □ make one's blood curdle   fill one with horror 使极度惊恐□ curdler  n.   [frequentative form of CURD (as verb)]

curd soap n.  a white soap made of tallow and soda 酪状皂，兽脂肥皂

cure /kjʊə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  restore (a person or animal) to health; relieve 治愈(病人或动物)；解除(病痛)  was cured of pleurisy  治愈了胸膜炎 2 tr.  eliminate (a disease, evil, etc.) 消除，祛除(疾病、弊端等) 3 tr.  preserve (meat, fruit, tobacco, or skins) by salting, drying, etc. (肉、水果、烟草等用腌、晒等方法)加工处理(或贮藏) 4 tr.  a  vulcanize (rubber) 使(橡胶)硫化b  harden (concrete or plastic) 使(混凝土或塑料)硬化 5 intr.  effect a cure 治愈 6 intr.  undergo a process of curing 接受治疗 ●n.  1  restoration to health 治愈，痊愈 2  a thing that effects a cure (有治愈疗效的)药，治疗用剂 3  a course of medical or healing treatment 疗法，疗程 4  a  the process of curing rubber or plastic (橡胶或塑料的)硫化过程b (with qualifying adj. 与限定性形容词连用)  the degree of this 硫化的程度 5  a  the office or function of a curate 助理牧师职务b  a parish or other sphere of spiritual ministration (教会的)堂区，牧区 □ curer  n.   [Middle English via Old French curer from Latin curare ‘take care of’, from cura ‘care’]

cure-all /ˈkjʊərɔ:l/ n.  a panacea; a universal remedy 万应灵药，能治百病的药

curettage /kjʊəˈretidʒ, kjʊəriˈtɑ:ʒ/ n.  the use of or an operation involving the use of a curette 刮除术 [French (as CURETTE)]

curette /kjʊəˈret/ n. & v. ●n.  a surgeon's small instrument for scraping (外科医生使用的)刮匙，刮器 ●v. tr. & intr.  clean or scrape with a curette 用刮匙(或刮器)刮 [French, from curer ‘cleanse’ (as CURE)]

curfew /ˈkɜ:fju:/ n.  1  a  a regulation restricting or forbidding the public circulation of people, esp. requiring people to remain indoors between specified hours, usu. at night 宵禁，宵禁令b  the hour designated as the beginning of such a restriction (宵禁)开始的时间c  a daily signal indicating this 宵禁信号 2 hist. [史义]  a  a medieval regulation requiring people to extinguish fires at a fixed hour in the evening (中世纪)晚间定时灭火熄灯就寝的规定b  the hour for this 灭火熄灯就寝的时间c  the bell announcing it 灭火熄灯就寝的钟声 3  the ringing of a bell at a fixed evening hour 晚间定时的钟声 [Middle English from Anglo-French coeverfu, Old French cuevrefeu, from the stem of couvrir COVER + feu ‘fire’]

Curia /ˈkjʊəriə/ n. (also 亦作 curia)  the papal court; the government departments of the Vatican 罗马教廷；梵蒂冈政府机构 □ Curial  adj.   [Latin: originally a division of an ancient Roman tribe, the Senate house at Rome, a feudal court of justice]

curie /ˈkjʊəri/ n.  1  a unit of radioactivity, corresponding to 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second (abbr. 缩略 : Ci) 居里(放射性强度单位， = 3.7 × 1010 次蜕变 / 秒) 2  a quantity of radioactive substance having this activity (放射性物质)蜕变量 [named after Pierre Curie (see CURIUM)]

curio /ˈkjʊəriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a rare or unusual object or person 古董，古玩，珍品；怪人，异乎寻常的人 [19th-c. abbreviation of CURIOSITY]

curiosa /kjʊəriˈəʊsə/ n. pl.  1  curiosities 奇物，奇事；珍品 2  erotic or pornographic books 色情的书，淫秽的书 [neut. pl. of Latin curiosus: see CURIOUS]

curiosity /kjʊəriˈɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an eager desire to know; inquisitiveness 好奇心；求知欲 2  strangeness 过于好奇，爱打听别人的事 3  a strange, rare, or interesting object 奇物，古玩，珍品 [Middle English via Old French curiouseté from Latin curiositas -tatis (as CURIOUS)]

curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj.  1  eager to learn; inquisitive 好奇的；有求知欲的，爱钻研的 2  strange, surprising, odd 奇特的，稀奇的；出人意料的 3 euphem. (of books etc.) erotic, pornographic [婉] (书籍等)色情的，淫秽的 □ curiously  adv.  □ curiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French curios from Latin curiosus ‘careful’, from cura ‘care’]

curium /ˈkjʊəriəm/ n.  an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element, first produced by bombarding plutonium with helium ions (symbol 符 Cm) 锔(一种人造超铀放射性金属元素，最初是采用氦离子轰击钚的方法制取的) [named after Marie Curie (d. 1934) and Pierre Curie (d. 1906), French scientists, discoverers of radium]

curl /kɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  bend or coil into a spiral; form or cause to form curls 卷成螺旋状；使(头发)鬈曲 2 intr.  move in a spiral form 呈螺旋式移动  smoke curling upwards  烟雾袅袅上升 3  a intr. (of the upper lip) be raised slightly on one side as an expression of contempt or disapproval (上唇)扭曲，撇嘴(表示轻蔑或不赞成)b tr.  cause (the lip) to do this 使(上唇)扭曲，撇嘴 4 intr.  play curling 玩冰上溜石游戏 ●n.  1  a lock of curled hair (一绺)鬈发 2  anything spiral or curved inwards 卷曲物，卷状物，螺旋状物 3  a  a curling movement or act 卷曲动作b  the state of being curled 卷曲状态 4  a disease of plants in which the leaves are curled up (植物的)卷叶病 □ curl up   1  lie or sit with the knees drawn up (躺或坐)蜷作一团，蜷缩 2 colloq.  writhe with embarrassment or horror [口] (因窘迫或恐惧而)扭曲身子，蜷缩□ make a person's hair curl  colloq.  shock or horrify a person [口]使人毛骨悚然□ out of curl  Brit.  lacking energy [英]无生气，缺少活力 [Middle English from obsolete adj. crolle, crulle ‘curly’, from Middle Dutch krul]

curler /ˈkɜ:lə/ n.  1  a pin or roller etc. for curling the hair 卷发卡，卷发夹 2  a player in the game of curling 冰上溜石游戏者

curlew /ˈkɜ:l(j)u:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or curlews)  a wading bird of the genus Numenius, with a long slender down-curved bill, esp. the European N. arquatus 杓鹬属涉禽(其喙细长且向下弯曲，尤指欧洲) [Middle English from Old French courlieu, courlis, originally imitative, but assimilated to courliu ‘courier’, from courre ‘run’ + lieu ‘place’]

curlicue /ˈkɜ:likju:/ n.  a decorative curl or twist (装饰性)卷曲，旋曲 [CURLY + CUE2 (= pigtail) or Q1]

curling /ˈkɜ:liŋ/ n.  1  in senses of CURL v. 用于 CURL 的动词各释义 2  a game played on ice, esp. in Scotland, in which large round flat stones are slid across the surface towards a mark (尤指苏格兰)冰上溜石游戏

curling tongs n. pl. (also 亦作 curling iron or curling pins)  a heated device for twisting the hair into curls 卷发钳，烫发钳；卷发夹

curly /ˈkɜ:li/ adj. (curlier, curliest)  1  having or arranged in curls 卷曲的，有鬈发的；蜷缩的 2  moving in curves 波状运动 □ curliness  n.  

curly endive  see 见 ENDIVE 1 

curly kale n.  a form of kale with wrinkled leaves 卷叶羽衣甘蓝

curmudgeon /kɜ:ˈmʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  a bad-tempered or miserly person 脾气坏的人；吝啬鬼，守财奴 □ curmudgeonly  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

currach /ˈkʌrə(x)/ n. (also 亦作 curragh) Ir.  a coracle [爱尔兰]克勒克小艇 [Irish: cf. CORACLE]

currajong var.  of KURRAJONG  KURRAJONG 的变体

currant /ˈkʌr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a dried fruit of a small seedless variety of grape originally grown in the E. Mediterranean region and much used in cookery 无核小葡萄干，加仑子(原产于东地中海地区，多用于烹调) 2  a  a shrub of the genus Ribes producing red, white, or black berries 茶藨子(茶藨子属灌木，结红、白或黑色浆果)b  a berry of such a shrub 茶藨子浆果 [Middle English raysons of coraunce from Anglo-French, = grapes of Corinth (the original source)]

currawong /ˈkʌrəwɒŋ/ n. Austral.  a large Australian woodland songbird of the genus Strepera, resembling the magpie and having a resonant call [澳]澳洲喜鹊(一种产于澳洲林地的噪钟鹊属鸣禽，与喜鹊相似，叫声洪亮) [Aboriginal, probably Yagara garrawan]

currency /ˈkʌr(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the money in general use in a country (一国通用的)货币b  any other commodity used as a medium of exchange (用作交换媒介的)商品 2  the condition of being current; prevalence (e.g. of words or ideas) 流行，通用；通行(如词语、思想等) 3  the time during which something is current 流行(流通)时期

current /ˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  belonging to the present time; happening now 现时的，现行的；当前发生的  current events  时事 the current week  本周 2 (of money, opinion, a rumour, a word, etc.) in general circulation or use (货币等)通用的，流通的；(见解、传闻、词语等)流行的，通行的，流传的 ●n.  1  a body of water, air, etc., moving in a definite direction, esp. through a stiller surrounding body 流，水流，气流 2  a  a flow of electricity, i.e. an ordered movement of electrically charged particles 电流b  a quantity representing the rate of this 电流强度 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a general tendency or course (of events, opinions, etc.) (事件、见解等)趋势，趋向，倾向，潮流 □ pass current  Brit.  be generally accepted as true or genuine [英]被普遍接受，通用，通行 [Middle English via Old French corant ‘running’ from Latin currere ‘run’]

current account n. Brit.  a bank account from which money may be drawn without notice [英]活期存款账户

currently /ˈkʌrəntli/ adv.  at the present time; now 现时；目前

curricle /ˈkʌrik(ə)l/ n. hist.  a light open two-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses abreast [史义] (由两匹马并排拉的)双轮轻便马车 [Latin curriculum: see CURRICULUM]

curriculum /kʌˈrikjʊləm/ n. (pl. curricula /-lə/)  1  the subjects that are studied or prescribed for study in a school (学校的)课程  not part of the school curriculum  不是学校课程的一部分 2  any programme of activities (活动的)日程表，方案 □ curricular  adj.  课程的 [Latin, = course, race-chariot, from currere ‘run’]

curriculum vitae /kʌˌrikjʊləm ˈvi:tai, ˈvaiti:/ n. (pl. curricula vitae or vitarum)  a brief account of one's education, qualifications, and previous occupations (有关某人教育、资格、曾任职务等的)简历，履历 [Latin, = course of life]

currier /ˈkʌriə/ n.  a person who dresses and colours tanned leather 毛皮鞣制工，制革工 [Middle English via Old French corier from Latin coriarius, from corium ‘leather’]

currish /ˈkɜ:riʃ/ adj.  1  like a cur; snappish 杂种狗似的，爱咬人的；脾气坏的 2  ignoble 无教养的，卑鄙的，可耻的 □ currishly  adv.  □ currishness  n.  

curry1 /ˈkʌri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in a sauce of hot-tasting spices, usu. served with rice (用咖喱调味的)菜肴 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  prepare or flavour with a sauce of hot-tasting spices 用咖喱粉调味  curried eggs  咖喱鸡蛋 [Tamil kari]

curry2 /ˈkʌri/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  groom (a horse) with a curry-comb (用马梳)梳刷，刷拭 2  treat (tanned leather) to improve its properties 整理(皮革) 3  thrash 摔打，抽打 □ curry favour   ingratiate oneself 讨…的欢心，拍…的马屁 [Middle English from Old French correier, ultimately from Germanic]

curry-comb n.  a hand-held serrated device used in grooming horses (有金属齿的)马梳

curry powder n.  a preparation of turmeric and other spices for making curry 咖喱粉

curse /kɜ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict destruction or punishment on a person or thing (对人、物的)诅咒，咒语 2  the evil supposedly resulting from a curse (一般认为诅咒带来的)灾祸，祸殃 3  a violent exclamation of anger; a profane oath 咒骂；骂人的话 4  a thing that causes evil or harm 祸因，祸根 5 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  menstruation [口]月经，月经期 6  a sentence of excommunication 开除教籍，逐出教会 ●v.  1 tr.  a  utter a curse against 诅咒，咒骂b (in imper. 用于祈使句)  may God curse 求(上帝)降祸于 2 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with)  afflict with 使受苦；折磨  cursed with blindness  遭受失明之苦 3 intr.  utter expletive curses; swear 咒骂；亵渎 4 tr.  excommunicate 开除…的教籍，把…逐出教会 □ curser  n.   [Old English curs, cursian, of unknown origin]

cursed /ˈkɜ:sid, kɜ:st/ adj. (archaic [古义] curst /kɜ:st/)  damnable, abominable 该咒的，可恶的，讨厌的 □ cursedly  adv.  □ cursedness  n.  

cursillo /kʊəˈsi:jəʊ, -ˈsi:ljəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) RC Ch.  a short informal spiritual retreat by a group of devotees esp. in Latin America 【天主教】短期培信班(尤指拉美地区天主教会为虔诚教徒举办的灵性静思活动) [Spanish, = little course]

cursive /ˈkɜ:siv/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of writing) done with joined characters (书法)草书的，草写体的 ●n.  cursive writing (cf. 参见 PRINT v. 4, UNCIAL) 草体字 □ cursively  adv.   [medieval Latin (scriptura) cursiva from Latin currere curs- ‘run’]

cursor /ˈkɜ:sə/ n.  1 Math.  etc. a transparent slide engraved with a hairline and forming part of a slide rule 【数】(计算尺的)游标 2 Computing  a movable indicator on a VDU screen identifying a particular position in the display, esp. the position that the program will operate on with the next keystroke 【计算】(计算机屏幕上的)光标 [Latin, = runner (as CURSIVE)]

cursorial /kɜ:ˈsɔ:riəl/ adj. Zool.  having limbs adapted for running 【动】适于奔驰的，擅长奔走的 [as CURSOR + -IAL]

cursory /ˈkɜ:s(ə)ri/ adj.  hasty, hurried 草率的，仓促的；粗略的  a cursory glance  粗略的一瞥 □ cursorily  adv.  □ cursoriness  n.   [Latin cursorius ‘of a runner’ (as CURSOR)]

curst archaic var.  of CURSED [古义] CURSED 的变体

Curt /kɜ:t/   柯特 [人名]

curt /kɜ:t/ adj.  noticeably or rudely brief 简短失礼的，唐突草率的 □ curtly  adv.  □ curtness  n.   [Latin curtus ‘cut short, abridged’]

curtail /kɜ:ˈteil/ v. tr.  1  cut short; reduce; terminate esp. prematurely 截短，缩短；减少，削减；(尤指提前)中止  curtailed his visit to America  缩短了他对美国的访问 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) archaic  deprive of [古义]剥夺 □ curtailment  n.   [obsolete curtal ‘horse with docked tail’, via French courtault from court ‘short’, from Latin curtus: assimilated to tail]

curtain /ˈkɜ:t(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of cloth etc. hung up as a screen, usu. movable sideways or upwards, esp. at a window or between the stage and auditorium of a theatre (尤指窗户上或剧场里舞台与观众席之间的)帘，窗帘；幕布，帷幕 2 Theatr. 【戏】  a  the rise or fall of the stage curtain at the beginning or end of an act or scene 幕启，开幕；幕落，闭幕b  = CURTAIN CALL  3  a partition or cover 分隔物，隔墙；遮蔽物，幕状物 4 (in pl. 用复数) slang  the end [俚语]结局，完蛋 ●v. tr.  1  furnish or cover with a curtain or curtains 给…装上帘子，为…挂帷幕 2 (foll. by 后跟 off)  shut off with a curtain or curtains 用帘子(或帷幔)隔开 [Middle English via Old French cortine from Late Latin cortina, translation of Greek aulaia from aulē ‘court’]

curtain call n.  an audience's summons to actor(s) to take a bow after the fall of the curtain 观众要求演员谢幕的掌声；谢幕

curtain fire n. Brit. Mil.  a concentration of rapid and continuous fire [英]【军】弹幕射击，拦阻射击

curtain lecture n.  a wife's private reproof to her husband, originally behind bed-curtains (妻子对丈夫的)床帷内的教训，私下的训话

curtain-raiser n.  1 Theatr.  a piece prefaced to the main performance 【戏】(正剧演出前的)开场小戏 2  a preliminary event (事件的)序曲，前奏，引子

curtain wall n.  1  the plain wall of a fortified place, connecting two towers etc. (连接两个塔楼等的)幕墙 2 Archit.  a piece of plain wall not supporting a roof 【建】(对屋顶不起支撑作用的)悬墙

curtana /kɜ:ˈtɑ:nə, -ˈteinə/ n. Brit.  an unpointed sword borne before English sovereigns at their coronation, as an emblem of mercy [英] (加冕时捧在国王面前作为仁慈象征的)无尖剑，慈悲之剑 [Middle English via Anglo-Latin curtana (spatha ‘sword’) from Anglo-French curtain, Old French cortain, the name of Roland's similar sword, from cort ‘short’ (as CURT)]

curtilage /ˈkɜ:t(i)lidʒ/ n.  an area attached to a dwelling house and forming one enclosure with it 宅院，庭园 [Middle English from Anglo-French curtilage, Old French co(u)rtillage, via co(u)rtil ‘small court’ from cort COURT]

curtsy /ˈkɜ:tsi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 curtsey) ●n. (pl. -ies or -eys)  a woman's or girl's formal greeting or salutation made by bending the knees and lowering the body (女子的)屈膝礼 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied or -eys, -eyed)  make a curtsy 行屈膝礼 [variant of COURTESY]

curule /ˈkjʊəru:l/ adj. Rom. Hist.  designating or relating to the authority exercised by the senior Roman magistrates, chiefly the consul and praetor, who were entitled to use the sella curulis (‘curule seat’ or seat of office) [罗马]【史】地位最高的，有坐贵人座特权的 [Latin curulis from currus ‘chariot’ (in which the chief magistrate was conveyed to the seat of office)]

curvaceous /kɜ:ˈveiʃəs/ adj. (esp. of a woman) having a shapely curved figure (尤指女子)富于曲线美的

curvature /ˈkɜ:vətʃə/ n.  1  the act or state of curving 曲，弯曲 2  a curved form 弯曲形状 3 Geom. 【几】  a  the deviation of a curve from a straight line, or of a curved surface from a plane 曲线，曲面b  the quantity expressing this 曲率，曲度 [Old French from Latin curvatura (as CURVE)]

curve /kɜ:v/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line or surface having along its length a regular deviation from being straight or flat, as exemplified by the surface of a sphere or lens 曲线，弧线；曲面，弧形面(如球体或镜头的表面) 2  a curved form or thing 曲线形，弯曲物 3  a curved line on a graph (图表上的)曲线 4 Baseball  a ball caused to deviate by the pitcher's spin 【棒球】曲线球 ●v. tr. & intr.  bend or shape so as to form a curve (使)弯曲，(使)成曲线 □ curved  adj.   [originally as adj. (in curve line) from Latin curvus ‘bent’: the verb from Latin curvare]

curvet /kɜ:ˈvet/ n. & v. ●n.  a horse's leap with the forelegs raised together and the hind legs raised with a spring before the forelegs reach the ground (马的)直立跳跃，腾跃动作 ●v. intr. (curvetted, curvetting or curveted, curveting) (of a horse or rider) make a curvet (马或骑手)做腾跃动作 [Italian corvetta, diminutive of corva CURVE]

curvi- /ˈkɜ:vi/ comb. form  curved [构词成分]曲的，弯曲的 [Latin curvus ‘curved’]

curvifoliate /kɜ:viˈfəʊliət/ adj. Bot.  with the leaves bent back 【植】弯叶的，曲叶的

curviform /ˈkɜ:vifɔ:m/ adj.  having a curved shape 弯曲状的

curvilinear /kɜ:viˈliniə/ adj.  contained by or consisting of curved lines 曲线的，由曲线组成的 □ curvilinearly  adv.   [CURVI-, on the pattern of rectilinear]

curvirostral /kɜ:viˈrɒstr(ə)l/ adj.  with a curved beak (鸟)具曲喙的

curvy /ˈkɜ:vi/ adj. (curvier, curviest)  1  having many curves 弯弯曲曲的 2 (of a woman's figure) shapely (女子体型)富于曲线美的 □ curviness  n.  

curé /ˈkjʊərei/ n.  a parish priest in France etc. (法国等地的)堂区牧师(或神父) [French from medieval Latin curatus: see CURATE1]

cuscus1 var.  of KHUS-KHUS  KHUS-KHUS 的变体

cuscus2 /ˈkʊskʊs/ n.  any of several nocturnal arboreal marsupials of the genus Phalanger, native to New Guinea and northern Australia 斑袋貂(栖息于树上且昼伏夜出的袋貂属有袋目动物，原产于新几内亚和澳大利亚北部) [native name]

cusec /ˈkju:sek/ n.  a unit of flow (esp. of water) equal to one cubic foot per second (尤指水的)容积流率(单位为秒立方英尺) [abbreviation]

cush /kʊʃ/ n. esp. Billiards colloq.  a cushion (尤)【台球】[口]垫子 [abbreviation]

cushat /ˈkʌʃət/ n. Sc.  a wood pigeon [苏格兰]斑尾林鸽 [Old English cūscute, of unknown origin]

cush-cush /ˈkʊʃkʊʃ/ n.  a yam, Dioscorea trifida, native to S. America 三裂叶薯蓣，山药(一种三裂叶薯蓣属植物，原产于南美洲) [perhaps ultimately of African origin]

Cushing's disease /ˈkʊʃiŋz/ n. Med.  Cushing's syndrome as caused by a tumour of the pituitary gland 【医】库欣病(一种由脑垂体肿瘤引起的综合征)

Cushing's syndrome n. Med.  a metabolic disorder caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex and often involving obesity and hypertension 【医】库欣综合征(一种由肾上腺皮质过度活跃而引起的新陈代谢紊乱，常伴有过度肥胖和高血压症状) [named after H.W. Cushing, US surgeon (d. 1939), who identified it]

cushion /ˈkʊʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bag of cloth etc. stuffed with a mass of soft material, used as a soft support for sitting or leaning on etc. 垫子，坐垫，靠垫 2  a means of protection against shock 减震垫(器)，缓冲垫(器) 3  the elastic lining of the sides of a billiard table, from which the ball rebounds (台球桌四周的)弹性衬里 4  a body of air supporting a hovercraft etc. (气垫船等的)气垫 5  the frog of a horse's hoof (马蹄底部的)蹄楔 ●v. tr.  1  provide or protect with a cushion or cushions 给…提供垫子；用垫子保护 2  provide with a defence; protect 提供防御物；保护 3  mitigate the adverse effects of 缓和…的冲击，减少…的震动  cushioned the blow  缓解击打的力量 4  quietly suppress 悄悄地压制，暗中压制 5  place or bounce (the ball) against the cushion in billiards (台球游戏中)击球(使之撞击球桌的弹性衬里) □ cushiony  adj.   [Middle English via Old French co(i)ssin, cu(i)ssin and Gallo-Roman from Latin culcita ‘mattress, cushion’]

Cushitic /kʊˈʃitik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a group of E. African languages of the Hamitic type 库施特语族(东非地区的一些语言，属于闪含语系) ●adj.  of this group 库施特语族的 [Cush, the name of an ancient country in the Nile valley + -ITE1 + -IC]

cushy /ˈkʊʃi/ adj. (cushier, cushiest) colloq. [口]  1 (of a job etc.) easy and pleasant (工作等)轻松愉快的 2 US (of a seat, surroundings, etc.) soft, comfortable [美] (座位、环境等)柔软的；舒适的 □ cushiness  n.   [Anglo-Indian via Urdu kushī ‘pleasure’ from Persian kuš]

cusp /kʌsp/ n.  1  an apex or peak 顶，顶点；尖，尖端 2  the horn of a crescent moon etc. 月角(月芽的尖角) 3 Astrol.  the initial point of an astrological sign or house 【占】黄道记号的尖端，天宫入口 4 Archit.  a projecting point between small arcs in Gothic tracery 【建】(哥特式窗花格小圆弧之间的)尖头，三角尖顶 5 Geom.  the point at which two arcs meet from the same direction terminating with a common tangent 【几】(两圆弧沿相同方向相交于一个共同切面时的)尖点，歧点 6 Bot.  a pointed end, esp. of a leaf 【植】(尤指叶子的)尖 7  a cone-shaped prominence on the surface of a tooth, esp. of a molar or premolar (尤指臼齿或前臼齿的)牙尖 8 Anat.  a pocket or fold in a valve of the heart 【解】(心瓣膜的)尖瓣 □ cuspate  /-speit/ adj.  尖头的，具硬尖的□ cusped  adj.  □ cuspidal  adj.   [Latin cuspis, -idis ‘point, apex’]

cuspidor /ˈkʌspidɔ:/ n. N. Amer.  a spittoon [北美]痰盂 [Portuguese, = spitter from cuspir ‘spit’, from Latin conspuere]

cuss /kʌs/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a curse 诅咒，咒骂 2 usu. derog.  a person; a creature [通常贬]人，家伙；动物 ●v. tr. & intr.  curse 诅咒，咒骂 [variant of CURSE]

cussed /ˈkʌsid/ adj. colloq.  awkward and stubborn [口]粗笨的；固执的，顽固的 □ cussedly  adv.  □ cussedness  n.   [variant of CURSED]

cuss word n. colloq.  a swear word [口]诅咒语，骂人话

custard /ˈkʌstəd/ n.  1  a sweet sauce made with milk and flavoured cornflour 蛋奶沙司 2  a dish made with milk and eggs, usu. sweetened (甜)蛋奶糕 [originally an open pie containing meat or fruit in a sauce: Middle English, earlier crusta(r)de via Anglo-French from Old French crouste CRUST]

custard apple n.  a W. Indian fruit, Annona reticulata, with a custard-like pulp 番荔枝(一种西印度群岛番荔枝属植物，其肉果形似蛋奶糕)

custard pie n.  1  a pie containing custard or foam, commonly thrown in slapstick comedy 蛋奶冻馅饼(早期粗俗滑稽剧中常用来往演员脸上抹以获得喜剧效果) 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting slapstick comedy 粗俗滑稽剧的

custard powder n.  a preparation of cornflour etc. for making custard 蛋奶沙司粉

custodian /kʌˈstəʊdiən/ n.  a guardian or keeper, esp. of a public building etc. 看管人，看守人；(尤指公共建筑的)看门人 □ custodianship  n.   [CUSTODY + -AN, on the pattern of guardian]

custody /ˈkʌstədi/ n.  1  guardianship; protective care 看守，守卫；保护，监护 2  imprisonment 羁押，拘留，监禁 □ take into custody   arrest 逮捕，拘捕□ custodial  /kʌˈstəʊdiəl/ adj.   [Latin custodia from custos -odis ‘guardian’]

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.  1  a  the usual way of behaving or acting 风俗，习俗  a slave to custom  习俗的奴隶b  a particular established way of behaving 习惯  our customs seem strange to foreigners  我们的习惯在外国人看来似乎很奇怪 2 Law  established usage having the force of law 【法律】惯例 3 esp. Brit.  business patronage; regular dealings or customers [尤英]光顾，惠顾；(总称)主顾，常客  lost a lot of custom  失去许多老主顾 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  a  a duty levied on certain imported and exported goods 关税，进(出)口税b  the official department that administers this 海关c  the area at a port, frontier, etc., where customs officials deal with incoming goods, baggage, etc. (港口、边境等的)海关区 [Middle English and Old French custume, ultimately from Latin consuetudo -dinis: see CONSUETUDE]

customary /ˈkʌstəm(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  usual; in accordance with custom 通常的，惯常的；根据习俗的 2 Law  in accordance with custom 【法律】惯例的，习惯法的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Law  a book etc. listing the customs and established practices of a community 【法律】(社区的)习惯法汇编 □ customarily  adv.  □ customariness  n.   [medieval Latin custumarius from custuma, from Anglo-French custume (as CUSTOM)]

custom-built adj.  made to a customer's order 按(顾客要求)专门制造的，定做的

customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ n.  1  a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business 顾客，主顾 2  a person one has to deal with 不得不与之打交道的人；家伙  an awkward customer  难对付的家伙 [Middle English from Anglo-French custumer (as CUSTOMARY), or from CUSTOM + -ER1]

custom house n. (also 亦作 customs house)  the office at a port or frontier etc. at which customs duties are levied (港口或边境等的)海关

customize /ˈkʌstəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make to order or modify according to individual requirements 定做，定制；按顾客要求改制

custom-made adj.  = CUSTOM-BUILT 

customs union n.  a group of states with an agreed common tariff, and usu. free trade with each other (实行共同关税率，彼此间自由贸易的)关税同盟

cut /kʌt/ v. & n. ●v. (cutting; past and past part. cut)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  penetrate or wound with a sharp-edged instrument (用利器)刺穿，割破  cut his finger  割破了手指 the knife won't cut  这把刀子割不了手 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  divide or be divided with a knife etc. (用刀等)切，割，砍，剪  cut the bread  切面包 cut the cloth into metre lengths  把布裁成一米长的布块 3 tr.  a  trim or reduce the length of (hair, a hedge, etc.) by cutting 修剪，剪短(头发、树篱等)b  detach all or the significant part of (flowers, corn, etc.) by cutting 割掉，剪掉(花朵、鸡眼等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 loose, open, etc.)  make loose, open, etc. by cutting 割断；松开；刺开(剪开等) 5 tr. (esp. as 尤作 cutting adj.)  cause sharp physical or mental pain to 刺痛，使疼痛；使伤心  a cutting remark  刺人的话 a cutting wind  刺骨的寒风 was cut to the quick  刺到了痛处，刺痛了心 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a  reduce (wages, prices, time, etc.) 削减，减少(工资、价格、时间等)b  reduce or cease (services etc.) 减少，停止(服务等) 7 tr.  a  shape or fashion (a coat, gem, key, record, etc.) by cutting 裁剪(衣服)；雕琢(宝石)；配制(钥匙)；灌制(唱片)b  make (a path, tunnel, etc.) by removing material 开凿，开辟(通道、隧道等) 8 tr.  perform, execute, make 表演，扮演；假装  cut a caper  做愚蠢的动作 cut a sorry figure  出丑 9 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cross, intersect 相交，相切，交叉  the line cuts the circle at two points  该直线与该圆相交于两点 the two lines cut  这两条直线相交 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 across, through, etc.)  pass or traverse, esp. in a hurry or as a shorter way 抄近路穿过，斜穿  cut across the grass  斜穿过草地 11 tr.  a  ignore or refuse to recognize (a person) 不理睬(某人)，装作不认识b  renounce (a connection) 宣布与…断绝(关系) 12 tr. esp. N. Amer.  deliberately fail to attend (a class etc.) [尤北美]旷(课)，逃(学) 13 Cards 【牌戏】  a tr.  divide (a pack) into two parts 签牌(指把洗过的牌分成两迭，上下倒置)b intr.  select a dealer etc. by dividing the pack 签牌，抽牌(选庄家等) 14 Cinematog. 【电影】  a tr.  edit (a film or tape) 剪辑(影片)，剪接(录像带)b intr. (often in imper. 常用于祈使句)  stop filming or recording 停拍，停止录像c intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  go quickly to (another shot) 切换(镜头) 15 tr.  switch off (an engine etc.) 关掉，停止(发动机等) 16 tr.  a  hit (a ball) with a chopping motion 削球，切球b Golf  slice (the ball) 【高尔夫球】打削球，打斜切球 17 tr. N. Amer.  dilute, adulterate [北美]稀释，冲淡 18 tr. (as 作 cut adj.) Brit. slang  drunk [英] [俚语]喝醉的 19 intr. Cricket (of the ball) turn sharply on pitching 【板球】(球投出后)急转方向 20 intr. slang  run [俚语]跑，快速行进 21 tr.  castrate 阉割(动物)，给(动物)去势 ●n.  1  an act of cutting 切，割，削，剪 2  a division or wound made by cutting 切块，切段；切口，伤口 3  a stroke with a knife, sword, whip, etc. (刀剑等)劈，砍，击；(鞭子等)抽 4  a  a reduction (in prices, wages, etc.) (价格、工资等)减少，降低b Brit.  a cessation (of a power supply etc.) [英]停(电等) 5  an excision of part of a play, film, book, etc. (戏剧、电影、书籍等)删节，删剪 6  a wounding remark or act 伤人的话(行为) 7  the way or style in which a garment, the hair, etc., is cut (服装、头发等的)款式，式样 8  a piece of meat etc. cut from a carcass (从屠宰的动物躯体上)切下的肉 9 colloq.  commission; a share of profits [口]佣金，回扣；分得的利润 10 Tennis & Cricket  etc. a stroke made by cutting 【网球】【板球】削球，切球 11  ignoring of or refusal to recognize a person (对熟人的)故意不理睬，假装不认识 12  a  an engraved block for printing (印刷用)镌版，雕版b  = WOODCUT 1, 2  13  a railway cutting 铁路通道，通路 14  a new channel made for a river (新开挖的)渠道，沟渠 □ a cut above  colloq.  noticeably superior to [口]高出…一截，明显优于□ be cut out  (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  be suited 生来就适合于  was not cut out to be a teacher  生来就不是当老师的材料□ cut across   1  transcend or take no account of (normal limitations etc.) 超越，不顾，不理会(正常限度等)  their concern cuts across normal rivalries  他们的担心不是正常的竞争对手 2  see sense 10 of v. 见动词释义 10□ cut and dried   1  completely decided; pre-arranged; inflexible 成定局的；预定的；不可改变的 2 (of opinions etc.) ready-made, lacking freshness (观点等)老一套的，缺乏新意的□ cut and run  colloq.  run away [口]逃走，跑开□ cut and thrust   1  a lively interchange of argument etc. 激烈的(争论等)交锋 2  the use of both the edge and the point of a sword (用剑)劈与刺，肉搏战□ cut back   1  reduce (expenditure etc.) 缩减，削减(开支等) 2  prune (a tree etc.) 修剪，修整(树木等) 3 Cinematog.  repeat part of a previous scene for dramatic effect 【电影】回切，倒叙(镜头)□ cut both ways   1  serve both sides of an argument etc. (论点等)对双方都适用，两边倒 2 (of an action) have both good and bad effects (行为)有利也有弊□ cut one's coat according to one's cloth   1  adapt expenditure to resources 量入为出 2  limit ambition to what is feasible 量力而行□ cut a corner   go across and not round it 抄近路，走捷径□ cut corners   do a task etc. perfunctorily or incompletely, esp. to save time (尤指为省时间而)敷衍了事□ cut a dash   see 见 DASH □ cut dead   completely refuse to recognize (a person) 假装不认识(某人)□ cut down   1  a  bring or throw down by cutting 砍倒b  kill by means of a sword or disease 杀死 2  see sense 6 of v. 见动词释义 6 3  reduce the length of 把…截短  cut down the trousers to make shorts  把裤子截短改做短裤 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  reduce one's consumption 削减，减少(消费量)  tried to cut down on beer  设法少喝啤酒□ cut a person down to size  colloq.  ruthlessly expose the limitations of a person's importance, ability, etc. [口] (在重要性、能力等方面)使(某人)自知分寸□ cut one's eye-teeth   attain worldly wisdom 变得洞明世故□ cut in   1  interrupt 打断，插嘴 2  pull in too closely in front of another vehicle (esp. having overtaken it) 超车(尤指超车抢道) 3  give a share of profits etc. to (a person) 让(某人)分享利润 4  connect (a source of electricity) 接通(电源) 5  join in a card game by taking the place of a player who cuts out (接替某人)加入牌戏 6  interrupt a dancing couple to take over from one partner 夺他人舞伴□ cut into   1  make a cut in 切入，割入  they cut into the cake  他们把刀子切入蛋糕里 2  interfere with and reduce 介入，干涉；减少  travelling cuts into my free time  旅行减少了我的空闲时间□ cut it fine   see 见 FINE1 □ cut it out  (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句) colloq.  stop doing that (esp. quarrelling) [口]停止(尤停止争吵)□ cut the knot   solve a problem in an irregular but efficient way 快刀斩乱麻(即以不合常规的办法有效地解决问题)□ cut loose   1  begin to act freely 开始自由行动，结束对…的控制 2  see sense 4 of v. 见动词释义 4□ cut one's losses (or a loss)   abandon an unprofitable enterprise before losses become too great 趁早撒手，趁损失不大马上放弃□ cut the mustard  N. Amer. slang  reach the required standard [北美] [俚语]达到规定的标准，获得成功□ cut no ice  colloq. [口]  1  have no influence or importance 不起作用，无关紧要 2  achieve little or nothing 一无所成，无所作为□ cut off   1  remove (an appendage) by cutting 割掉，切下(附属物) 2  a (often in passive 常用被动)  bring to an abrupt end or (esp. early) death 突然中断(尤指夭亡、早逝)b  intercept, interrupt; prevent from continuing 截断，阻断；停止  cut off supplies  切断供应 cut off the gas  停止供气c  disconnect (a person engaged in a telephone conversation) 中断(某人的)通话  was suddenly cut off  电话突然中断了 3  a  prevent from travelling or venturing out 切断，使隔绝  was cut off by the snow  被大雪隔断了b (as 作 cut off adj.)  isolated, remote 隔离的，遥远的  felt cut off in the country  在乡下觉得与世隔绝了 4  disinherit 剥夺…的继承权  was cut off without a penny  完全被剥夺了继承权□ cut out   1  remove from the inside by cutting 切掉，割除 2  make by cutting from a larger whole 从一整块中裁剪出；开辟出 3  omit; leave out 删除；剪掉 4 colloq.  stop doing or using (something) [口]停止做某事；不再使用某物  managed to cut out chocolate  设法不再吃巧克力 let's cut out the arguing  咱们不要再争吵了 5  cease or cause to cease functioning (使)停止运转  the engine cut out  发动机停了 6  outdo or supplant (a rival) 击败，战胜；把(对手)排挤掉 7 US  detach (an animal) from the herd [美]把(牛等)从畜群里分离出来 8 Cards  be excluded from a card game as a result of a decision taken by cutting the pack 【牌戏】(通过签牌)把(某人)排斥在牌戏之外□ cut short   1  interrupt; terminate prematurely 打断；提前中断  cut short his visit  中断了他的访问 2  make shorter or more concise 截短，缩短□ cut one's teeth on   acquire initial practice or experience from (something) 从…中获得初步锻炼(或经验)□ cut a tooth   have it appear through the gum 长出牙齿□ cut up   1  cut into pieces 切碎，割碎，剪碎 2  destroy utterly 摧毁，毁灭 3 (usu. in passive 通常用被动) Brit.  distress greatly [英]使伤心，使悲痛  was very cut up about it  为此很伤心 4  criticize severely 抨击，严厉批评 5 N. Amer. derog.  behave in a comical or unruly manner [北美贬]卖弄；胡闹□ cut up rough  Brit. colloq.  show anger or resentment [英口]发脾气，发怒，愤恨□ cut up well  Brit. slang  bequeath a large fortune [英] [俚语]死后留下大宗财产□ have one's work cut out   see 见 WORK  [Middle English cutte, kitte, kette, probably from Old English]

cut-and-come-again n. Brit.  the opportunity of helping oneself as often as one likes; abundance [英]随便享用；大量，丰富 usu. 通常作 attrib.: a cut-and-come-again fruit cake  一个可以随便享用的水果蛋糕

cut-and-paste n.  the process of assembling text by adding or combining sections from other texts 剪贴 often 常作 attrib.: cut-and-paste montage  剪贴混合画

cutaneous /kju:ˈteiniəs/ adj.  of the skin 皮肤的 [modern Latin cutaneus from Latin cutis ‘skin’]

cutaway /ˈkʌtəwei/ adj.  1 (of a diagram etc.) with some parts left out to reveal the interior (图形等)剖面的 2 (of a coat) with the front below the waist cut away (上衣)前下摆向后斜切的

cutback /ˈkʌtbæk/ n.  an instance or the act of cutting back, esp. a reduction in expenditure (尤指开支的)减少，削减

cut-down adj.  that has been reduced, esp. in length (尤指长度)缩短的；删节的  a cut-down raincoat  改短的雨衣 a cut-down version of the play  戏剧的删节本

cute /kju:t/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  a  attractive, pretty; quaint 妩媚动人的，漂亮的；雅致的b  affectedly attractive 矫揉造作的，忸怩作态的 2  clever, ingenious 聪明伶俐的；心灵手巧的 □ cutely  adv.  □ cuteness  n.   [shortening of ACUTE]

cutesy /ˈkju:tsi/ adj. colloq.  dainty or quaint to an affected degree [口]矫揉造作的，忸怩作态的

cut glass n.  glass with patterns and designs cut on it 刻花玻璃，雕花玻璃

cuticle /ˈkju:tik(ə)l/ n.  1  the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail (指甲或趾甲根部的)角质层，护膜 2  the outer cellular layer of a hair (头发表层的)护膜，毛(发)鳞片 3  the epidermis 表皮 4 Bot. & Zool.  the outer layer of an organism, esp. a protective often waxy layer covering the epidermis of a plant or invertebrate 【植】【动】角质层 □ cuticular  /-ˈtikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin cuticula, diminutive of cutis ‘skin’]

cutie /ˈkju:ti/ n. slang  an attractive young woman [俚语]妩媚的年轻女子，美人儿

cut-in n.  something that is cut in, esp. an interposed scene in a film 插入的事物(尤指电影的插入镜头、插入画面)

cutis /ˈkju:tis/ n. Anat.  the true skin or dermis, underlying the epidermis 【解】(表皮下面的)真皮 [Latin, = skin]

cutlass /ˈkʌtləs/ n.  a short sword with a slightly curved blade, esp. of the type formerly used by sailors (尤指旧时水手用的)短弯刀 [French coutelas, ultimately from Latin cultellus: see CUTLER]

cutler /ˈkʌtlə/ n.  a person who makes or deals in cutlery 刀剪匠，刀剪商 [Middle English via Anglo-French cotillere, Old French coutelier, from coutel, from Latin cultellus, diminutive of culter COULTER]

cutlery /ˈkʌtləri/ n.  knives, forks, and spoons for use at table (用作餐具的)刀，叉，匙 [Old French & French coutel(l)erie (as CUTLER)]

cutlet /ˈkʌtlit/ n.  1 Brit.  a neck-chop of mutton or lamb [英]羊颈排骨 2  a small piece of veal etc. for frying (牛肉等用于煎炸的)小片 3  a flat cake of minced meat or nuts and breadcrumbs etc. (肉末或坚果末和面包屑等制成的)薄饼 [French côtelette, Old French costelet, diminutive of coste ‘rib’, from Latin costa]

cut-line n.  1  a caption to an illustration 图片说明，插图的文字说明 2  the line in squash above which a served ball must strike the wall 墙上发球限制线(壁球发球必须打在该线上方)

cut-off n.  1  the point at which something is cut off 截止点，断流点 2  a device for stopping a flow 断流器，截止阀 3 US  a short cut [美]捷径，近路 4 (in pl. 用复数)  shorts, esp. made from cut-down jeans (尤指牛仔裤截短而成的)短裤

cut-out n.  1  a figure cut out of paper etc. (用纸等剪出的)图形，图样 2  a device for automatic disconnection, the release of exhaust gases, etc. 自动断开器；排气阀

cut-out box n. US [美]  = FUSE BOX 

cut-price adj. (also 亦作 cut-rate)  selling or sold at a reduced price 降价销售的，削价出售的

cutpurse /ˈkʌtpɜ:s/ n. archaic  a pickpocket; a thief [古义]扒手；小偷

cutter /ˈkʌtə/ n.  1  a person or thing that cuts 切割者；切刀，砍刀 2  a tailor etc. who takes measurements and cuts cloth 裁缝(丈量尺寸、裁剪布料的人) 3 Naut. 【海】  a  a small fast sailing ship 小型快艇b  a small boat carried by a large ship (大轮船携载的)小船 4 Cricket  a ball turning sharply on pitching 【板球】旋转球 5 N. Amer.  a light horse-drawn sleigh [北美]轻便马拉雪橇

cut-throat n. & adj. ●n.  1  a murderer 凶手，杀人犯；杀手 2 (in full 全称 cut-throat razor) Brit.  a razor having a long blade set in a handle and usu. folding like a penknife [英]直柄剃刀，开式剃刀 3  a species of trout, Salmo clarki, with a red mark under the jaw 克氏鲑鱼(一种鲑属动物，颚下有一红色斑点) ●adj.  1 (of competition) ruthless and intense (竞争)残酷无情的，激烈的 2 (of a card game) three-handed (牌戏)由三个人玩的

cutting /ˈkʌtiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit.  a piece cut from a newspaper etc. [英] (报纸等的)剪辑，剪报 2  a piece cut from a plant for propagation (用于栽种的)插枝，插条 3  an excavated channel through high ground for a railway or road (供铁路或公路穿过高地的)路堑 ●adj.  in senses of CUT v. 5 用于 CUT 动词释义 5 □ cuttingly  adv.  

cutting edge n. & adj. ●n.  1  an edge that cuts 刀刃 2  the forefront of a movement etc. (运动等的)最前线 3  the most significant factor 最重要因素 ●attrib. adj. (作 cutting-edge)  pioneering, innovative 开拓的，先锋的，革新的

cuttle /ˈkʌt(ə)l/ n.  = CUTTLEFISH  [Old English cudele, Middle English codel, related to cod ‘bag’, with reference to its ink-bag]

cuttle-bone n.  the internal shell of the cuttlefish crushed and used for polishing teeth etc. or as a supplement to the diet of a cage bird 乌贼骨，墨鱼骨(用于洁齿等或用作玩赏鸟类的食物添加剂)

cuttlefish /ˈkʌt(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any marine cephalopod mollusc of the genera Sepia and Sepiola, having ten arms and ejecting a black fluid when threatened or pursued 乌贼，墨鱼(海洋头足纲软体动物门乌贼属和耳乌贼属动物，有 10 只腕足，在受到威胁或追赶时会喷出黑色液体掩护自己)

cutty /ˈkʌti/ adj. & n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] ●adj.  cut short; abnormally short 截短的；过分短的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a short tobacco pipe 短柄烟斗

cutty-stool n. hist.  a stool provided for an offender to be publicly rebuked during a church service [史义] (教堂中不贞妇女当众受罚的)忏悔凳

cutwater /ˈkʌtwɔ:tə/ n.  1  the forward edge of a ship's prow (轮船)艏柱分水处 2  a wedge-shaped projection from the pier of a bridge (桥墩)分水角

cutworm /ˈkʌtwɜ:m/ n.  any of various caterpillars that eat through the stems of young plants level with the ground 切根虫，地蚕，地老虎(吃作物幼苗贴近地面的茎的毛虫)

cuvette /kju:ˈvet/ n.  1  a shallow vessel for liquid 陶盆，瓷盆 2  a straight-sided transparent container for holding a liquid sample in a spectrophotometer etc. (分光光度计等装液体样品用的)透明小容器，试管 [French, diminutive of cuve ‘cask’, from Latin cupa]

cuvée /kju:ˈvei/ n.  a blend or batch of wine 混合酒；一批酿造的酒 [French, = vatful, from cuve ‘cask’, from Latin cupa]

CV abbr.  curriculum vitae [缩略]简历，履历

CVO abbr. Brit.  Commander of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] [英] (第二等)皇家高级维多利亚勋爵士

CVS abbr.  chorionic villus sample, a test on a pregnant woman to detect any chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus [缩略]绒膜纤毛试样(一种为孕妇做胎儿染色体检查的试剂)

C. & W. abbr. [缩略]  country and western 

Cwlth. abbr. [缩略]  Commonwealth 

cwm /kʊm/ n.  1 (in Wales 用于威尔士)  = COOMB  2 Geog.  a cirque 【地理】冰斗 [Welsh]

c.w.o. abbr.  cash with order [缩略]定货付款

cwt. abbr. [缩略]  hundredweight 

-cy /si/ suffix (see also 亦见 -ACY, -ANCY, -CRACY, -ENCY, -MANCY)  1  denoting state or condition (bankruptcy 破产 ; idiocy 白痴) 表示“状态”，“情况” 2  denoting rank or status (captaincy 船长职位) 表示“社会等级”，“职位” [from or suggested by Latin -cia, -tia, Greek -k(e)ia, -t(e)ia]

cyan /ˈsaiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a greenish-blue colour (介于绿色和蓝色之间的)青色 ●adj.  of this colour 青色的 [Greek kuan(e)os ‘dark blue’]

cyanamide /saiˈænəmaid/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a weakly acidic colourless crystalline amide of cyanogen Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH2N2 氨腈 2  any salt of this, esp. a calcium salt used as a fertilizer 氨腈盐(尤指用作化肥的氰氨化钙) [CYANOGEN + AMIDE]

cyanic acid /saiˈænik/ n.  a highly unstable acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HOCN 氰酸 [CYANOGEN]

cyanide /ˈsaiənaid/ n.  any of the highly poisonous salts or esters of hydrocyanic acid, esp. the potassium salt used in the extraction of gold and silver 氰化物(指剧毒的氢氰酸盐或氢氰酸酯，尤指用于提取黄金和白银的钾盐) [CYANOGEN + -IDE]

cyanobacterium /ˌsaiənəʊbækˈtiəriəm/ n.  any prokaryotic organism of the division Cyanobacteria, found in many environments and capable of photosynthesizing Also called 亦称作 blue-green alga 蓝菌部原核生物组织(在多种环境下生存，具有光合作用的能力)；蓝绿藻 [CYANOGEN + BACTERIUM]

cyanocobalamin /ˌsaiənəʊkəˈbæləmin/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in foods of animal origin such as liver, fish, and eggs, a deficiency of which can cause pernicious anaemia Also called 亦称作 vitamin B12 氰钴酸，维生素 B12(维生素 B 复合体中的一种维生素，来自动物类食物，如肝、鱼、鸡蛋等，体内缺乏该维生素时会造成恶性贫血) [CYANOGEN + cobalamin from COBALT + VITAMIN]

cyanogen /saiˈænədʒ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a colourless highly poisonous gas intermediate in the preparation of many fertilizers Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2N2 【化】氰(许多化肥生产过程中使用的一种无色剧毒气体中间物) [French cyanogène from Greek kuanos ‘dark blue mineral’, as being a constituent of Prussian blue]

cyanogenic /saiənəˈdʒenik/ adj.  capable of providing cyanide 可产生氰化物的

cyanosis /saiəˈnəʊsis/ n. Med.  a bluish discoloration of the skin due to the presence of oxygen-deficient blood 【医】(血液缺氧造成的皮肤)发绀，青紫 □ cyanotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kuanōsis ‘blueness’ (as CYANOGEN)]

cyber- /ˈsaibə/ prefix  forming words relating to electronic communication networks and virtual reality 表示“与电子通信网络有关的”，“与虚拟现实有关的” [back-formation from CYBERNETICS]

cybernation /saibəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  control by machines 自动控制，电脑控制 □ cybernate  /ˈsai-/ v. tr.   [CYBERNETICS + -ATION]

cybernetics /saibəˈnetiks/ n.  the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things 控制论(研究机器和生物体中信息传递系统与自动化控制系统的科学) □ cybernetic  adj.  □ cybernetician  /-ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cyberneticist  /-sist/ n.   [Greek kubernētēs ‘steersman’]

cyberpunk /ˈsaibəpʌŋk/ n.  a style of science fiction featuring urban counter-culture in a world of high technology and virtual reality (一种以高技术和虚拟现实世界中城市反正统文化为特色的)科幻小说文体 [CYBER- + PUNK]

cyberspace /ˈsaibəspeis/ n.  the notional environment in which electronic communication occurs; virtual reality 计算机空间；虚拟现实 [CYBER- + SPACE n.]

cyborg /ˈsaibɔ:ɡ/ n.  a person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by machine technology (as yet undeveloped) 电子人；半机械人(靠机械技术身体能力得到扩大的人，尚未开发) [CYBER- + ORGANISM]

cycad /ˈsaikæd/ n.  a palmlike plant of the order Cycadales (including fossil forms) inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions and often growing to a great height (包括化石形态的)铁树目裸子植物(一种类似于棕榈树的高大植物，生长在热带和亚热带地区) [modern Latin cycas, cycad- from supposed Greek kukas, scribal error for koikas, pl. of koix ‘Egyptian palm’]

Cycladic /siˈklædik, sai-/ adj.  of the Cyclades, a group of islands east of the Greek mainland, esp. of the Bronze Age civilization that flourished there 基克拉泽斯群岛的；(尤指青铜时代)基克拉泽斯文化的 [Latin Cyclades, from Greek Kuklades, from kuklos ‘circle’ (of islands)]

cyclamate /ˈsikləmeit, ˈsaik-/ n.  any of various compounds related to sulphamic acid and formerly used as artificial sweetening agents 环己氨磺酸盐，环己基氨基磺酸盐(以前曾用作人工增甜剂) [contraction of chemical name cyclohexylsulphamate]

cyclamen /ˈsikləmən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or cyclamens)  1  any plant of the genus Cyclamen, originating in Europe, having pink, red, or white flowers with reflexed petals, often grown in pots 仙客来属植物(原产于欧洲，花为粉红、红或白色，花瓣反折，常盆栽) 2  the shade of colour of the red or pink cyclamen flower 仙客来(粉)红色 ●adj.  of this colour 仙客来(粉)红色的 [medieval Latin from Greek kuklaminos, perhaps from kuklos ‘circle’, with reference to its bulbous roots]

cycle /ˈsaik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a recurrent round or period (of events, phenomena, etc.) (事件、现象等)周而复始；循环b  the time needed for one such round or period 循环时间，周期 2  a Physics  etc. a recurrent series of operations or states 【物理学】(运行或状态的)循环b Electr. 【电】  = HERTZ  3  a series of songs, poems, etc., usu. on a single theme (通常表现同一主题的)组歌；组诗；系列故事 4  a bicycle, tricycle, or similar machine 自行车；三轮车(或类似的机械) ●v. intr.  1  ride a bicycle etc. 骑自行车三轮车等 2  move in cycles 循环，作循环运动 [Middle English from Old French, or Late Latin cyclus from Greek kuklos ‘circle’]

cycle track n. (also 亦作 cycleway) Brit.  a path or road for bicycles [英]自行车道

cyclic /ˈsaiklik/ adj.  1  a  recurring in cycles 循环的，往复运动的b  belonging to a chronological cycle 周期性的；按时间顺序的 2 Chem.  with constituent atoms forming a ring 【化】环的，环状的 3  of a cycle of songs etc. 组歌的；组诗的 4 Bot. (of a flower) with its parts arranged in whorls 【植】(指花序)轮列的 5 Math.  of a circle or cycle 【数】环的，圆的 [French cyclique or in cyclicus from Greek kuklikos (as CYCLE)]

cyclical /ˈsaiklik(ə)l/ adj.  = CYCLIC 1  □ cyclically  adv.  

cyclist /ˈsaiklist/ n.  a rider of a cycle, esp. of a bicycle 骑车的人(尤指骑自行车的人)

cyclo- /ˈsaikləʊ/ comb. form  circle, cycle, or cyclic (cyclometer 圆弧测定器，自行车里程计 ; cyclorama (作为舞台背景的)半圆形天幕) [构词成分]表示“圆”，“循环”，“循环的” [Greek kuklos circle]

cycloalkane /saikləʊˈælkein/ n. Chem.  a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon 【化】环烷(一种饱和循环式碳氢化合物)

cyclo-cross /ˈsaikləʊkrɒs/ n.  cross-country racing on bicycles 自行车越野赛

cyclograph /ˈsaikləɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for tracing circular arcs 圆弧规

cyclohexane /saikləʊˈheksein/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid cycloalkane used as a solvent and paint remover Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H12 【化】环己烷(一种无色液态环烷，用作溶剂或油漆清洗剂)

cycloid /ˈsaiklɔid/ n. Math.  a curve traced by a point on a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line 【数】旋轮线，圆滚线，摆线 □ cycloidal  /-ˈklɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek kukloeidēs (as CYCLE, -OID)]

cyclometer /saiˈklɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring circular arcs 圆弧测定器 2  an instrument for measuring the distance traversed by a bicycle etc. (自行车等的)里程计

cyclone /ˈsaikləʊn/ n.  1  a system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure; a depression 气旋，旋风；低气压 2 (in full 全称 tropical cyclone)  a violent wind system of this kind, formed in localized areas over tropical oceans, with winds of hurricane force 热带旋风 □ cyclonic  /-ˈklɒnik/ adj.  □ cyclonically  /-ˈklɒnik(ə)li/ adv.   [probably from Greek kuklōma ‘wheel, coil of a snake’]

cycloparaffin /saikləʊˈpærəfin/ n. Chem. 【化】  = CYCLOALKANE 

Cyclopean /saikləˈpi:ən, -ˈkləʊpiən/ adj. (also 亦作 Cyclopian)  1 (of ancient masonry) made with massive irregular blocks (古代砖石建筑)用不规则巨石修筑的 2  of or resembling a Cyclops 独眼巨人的，独眼巨人似的

cyclopedia /saiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:diə/ n. (also 亦作 cyclopaedia)  an encyclopedia 百科全书；(某学科的)大全，全书 □ cyclopedic  adj.  广博的，包罗万象的；百科全书的 [shortening of ENCYCLOPEDIA]

cyclopropane /saiklə(ʊ)ˈprəʊpein/ n. Chem.  a colourless gaseous cycloalkane used as a general anaesthetic Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H6 【化】环丙烷(一种无色气态环烷，用作麻醉剂)

Cyclops /ˈsaiklɒps/ n.  1 (pl. Cyclops or Cyclopses or Cyclopes /saiˈkləʊpi:z/) (in Greek mythology) a member of a race of one-eyed giants 库克罗普斯(希腊神话中的独眼巨人) 2 (作 cyclops) (pl. cyclops or cyclopes) Zool.  a crustacean of the genus Cyclops, with a single central eye 【动】剑水蚤(一种单眼的挠足亚纲甲壳动物) [Latin from Greek Kuklōps, from kuklos ‘circle’ + ōps ‘eye’]

cyclorama /saikləˈrɑ:mə/ n.  a circular panorama, curved wall, or cloth at the rear of a stage, esp. one used to represent the sky (尤指用于代表天幕的)环形全景图，圆形连续画景；(舞台上的)半圆形透视背景 □ cycloramic  /-ˈræmik/ adj.  

cyclosporin /saiklə(ʊ)ˈspɔ:rin/ n. Med.  a peptide drug used to prevent the rejection of grafts and transplants 【医】(用于防止嫁接和移植排异反应的)缩氨酸药物 [CYCLO- + -sporum part of the name of a fungus which produces it + -IN]

cyclostome /ˈsaikləstəʊm/ n.  an eel-like jawless vertebrate of the subclass Cyclostomata, having a large sucking mouth, e.g. a lamprey 圆口鱼(圆口亚纲脊椎动物，样子像鳗鱼，无颚，如七鳃鳗) □ cyclostomate  /-ˈklɒstəmət/ adj.   [CYCLO- + Greek stoma ‘mouth’]

cyclostyle /ˈsaikləstail/ n. & v. ●n.  an apparatus for printing copies of writing from a stencil 油印机 ●v. tr.  print or reproduce with this 油印

cyclothymia /saiklə(ʊ)ˈθaimiə/ n. Psychol.  a disorder characterized by the occurrence of marked swings of mood from cheerfulness to misery 【心】(兴奋与压抑交替的)循环性情感精神病 □ cyclothymic  adj.   [CYCLO- + Greek thumos ‘temper’]

cyclotron /ˈsaiklətrɒn/ n. Physics  an apparatus in which charged atomic and subatomic particles are accelerated by an alternating electric field while following an outward spiral or circular path in a magnetic field 【物理学】(带电原子与亚原子粒子的)回旋加速器 [CYCLO- + -TRON]

cyder Brit. var.  of CIDER [英] CIDER 的变体

cygnet /ˈsiɡnit/ n.  a young swan 幼天鹅 [Middle English from Anglo-French cignet, diminutive of Old French cigne ‘swan’, via medieval Latin cycnus from Greek kuknos]

cylinder /ˈsilində/ n.  1  a  a uniform solid or hollow body with straight sides and a circular section 圆柱，圆柱体b  a thing of this shape, e.g. a container for liquefied gas 圆柱状物，圆筒容器，量筒(如液化气钢瓶) 2  a cylinder-shaped part of various machines, esp. a piston-chamber in an engine 机器的圆筒形组件(尤指发动机汽缸) 3 Printing  a metal roller 【印刷】滚筒 □ cylindrical  /-ˈlindrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cylindrically  /-ˈlindrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin cylindrus from Greek kulindros, from kulindō ‘roll’]

cylinder saw n.  = CROWN SAW 

cylinder seal n. Antiq.  a small barrel-shaped object of stone or baked clay bearing a cuneiform inscription, esp. for use as a seal [古]圆筒印章(有楔形刻印文字的圆筒状石块或瓦块，尤用作印章)

cyma /ˈsaimə/ n.  1 Archit.  an ogee moulding of a cornice 【建】(飞檐檐口的)波纹线脚，反曲线饰 2  = CYME  [modern Latin from Greek kuma ‘wave, wavy moulding’]

cymbal /ˈsimb(ə)l/ n.  a musical instrument consisting of a concave brass or bronze plate, struck with another or with a stick etc. to make a ringing sound 钹(一种打击乐器) □ cymbalist  n.   [Middle English via Latin cymbalum from Greek kumbalon, from kumbē ‘cup’]

cymbidium /simˈbidiəm/ n.  any tropical orchid of the genus Cymbidium, with a recess in the flower-lip 兰，兰花(热带兰属植物) [modern Latin from Greek kumbē ‘cup’]

cymbiform /ˈsimbifɔ:m/ adj. Anat. & Bot.  boat-shaped 【解】【植】舟状的，船形的 [Latin cymba from Greek kumbē ‘boat’ + -FORM]

cyme /saim/ n. Bot.  an inflorescence in which the primary axis bears a single terminal flower that develops first, the system being continued by the axes of secondary and higher orders each with a flower (cf. 参见 RACEME) 【植】聚伞花序 □ cymose  adj.   [French, variant of cime ‘summit’, ultimately from Greek kuma ‘wave’]

Cymric /ˈkimrik/ adj.  Welsh 威尔士的；威尔士人的；威尔士语的 [Welsh Cymru ‘Wales’]

cynic /ˈsinik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who has little faith in human sincerity and integrity 愤世嫉俗者，玩世不恭者 2 (作 Cynic)  one of a school of ancient Greek philosophers founded by Antisthenes, marked by ostentatious contempt for ease and pleasure 犬儒学派的成员，犬儒学派的信徒(犬儒学派由古希腊哲学家安提西尼创立，以鄙视安逸和欢乐为其主要特征) ●adj.  1 (作 Cynic)  of the Cynics 犬儒学派的 2  = CYNICAL  □ cynicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin cynicus from Greek kunikos, from kuōn kunos ‘dog’, nickname for a Cynic]

cynical /ˈsinik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of a cynic; incredulous of human sincerity or integrity 愤世嫉俗的，玩世不恭的；不相信人间有善意真诚的 2  disregarding accepted or appropriate standards 无所顾忌的  a cynical attempt to secure votes  无所顾忌地拉选票 3  sneering, mocking 冷嘲热讽的 □ cynically  adv.  

cynocephalus /sainə(ʊ)ˈsef(ə)ləs, sin-/ n.  1  a fabled dog-headed man (寓言中的)狗头人 2  a flying lemur (会飞行的)狐猴 [Greek kunokephalos, from kuōn kunos ‘dog’ + kephalē ‘head’]

cynosure /ˈsinəzjʊə, ˈsain-, -sjʊə/ n.  1  a centre of attraction or admiration 引人注意的中心；令人羡慕的对象 2  a guiding star 北极星，小熊星座 [French cynosure or Latin cynosura from Greek kunosoura ‘dog's tail, Ursa Minor’, from kuōn kunos ‘dog’ + oura ‘tail’]

Cynthia /ˈsinθiə/   辛西娅 [人名]

cypher var.  of CIPHER  CIPHER 的变体

cy pres /si: prei/ adv. & adj. Law  as near as possible to the testator's or donor's intentions when these cannot be precisely followed 【法律】力求近似于(立遗嘱者或捐赠者本意)的(地) [Anglo-French, = si près ‘so near’]

cypress /ˈsaiprəs/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cypress tree)  any evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus or Chamaecyparis, having flattened shoots with scalelike leaves, esp. Cupressus sempervirens, with hard wood and dark foliage 柏树(柏属或扁柏属常绿植物，叶深绿色，扁平呈鳞状，木质坚硬) 2  this tree, or branches from it, as a symbol of mourning (象征哀悼的)柏树；柏枝 [Middle English via Old French cipres and Late Latin cypressus from Greek kuparissos]

Cyprian /ˈsipriən/ n. & adj.  = CYPRIOT  [Latin Cyprius ‘of Cyprus’]

cyprinoid /ˈsiprinɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or like a carp 鲤鱼的，似鲤鱼的 ●n.  a carp or related fish 鲤鱼，鲤科鱼 [Latin cyprinus from Greek kuprinos ‘carp’]

Cypriot /ˈsipriət/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Cypriote /-əʊt/) ●n.  a native or national of Cyprus 塞浦路斯人，塞浦路斯国民 ●adj.  of Cyprus 塞浦路斯的 [Greek Kupriōtes from Kupros ‘Cyprus’, an island in the E. Mediterranean]

cypripedium /sipriˈpi:diəm/ n.  any orchid of the genus Cypripedium, esp. the lady's slipper 杓兰属植物(尤指欧洲杓兰) [modern Latin, from Greek Kupris ‘Aphrodite’ + pedilon ‘slipper’]

Cyprus   塞浦路斯

cypsela /ˈsipsilə/ n. (pl. cypselae /-ˌli:/) Bot.  a dry single-seeded fruit formed from a double ovary of which only one develops into a seed, characteristic of the daisy family Compositae 【植】连萼瘦果(尤见于菊科植物的种子) [modern Latin from Greek kupselē ‘hollow vessel’]

Cyril /ˈsiril/   西里尔 [人名]

Cyrillic /siˈrilik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  denoting the alphabet used by the Slavonic peoples of the Orthodox Church; now used esp. for Russian and Bulgarian 西里尔字母的(指正教的斯拉夫各民族使用的字母；现尤指俄语和保加利亚语字母) ●n.  this alphabet 西里尔字母 [named after St Cyril (d. 869), its reputed inventor]

cyst /sist/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  a  a sac or cavity of abnormal character containing fluid 囊肿，脓包b  a structure containing a larval parasite (寄生虫幼虫生存的)包囊 2 Biol. 【生】  a  a hollow organ, bladder, etc., in an animal or plant, containing a liquid secretion 囊(如胆囊、膀胱等)b  a cell or cavity enclosing reproductive bodies, an embryo, etc. 孢囊(容纳动植物繁殖细胞的囊或腔)；胎盘 [Late Latin cystis from Greek kustis ‘bladder’]

cysteine /ˈsistii:n, -tiin, -tein, -ti:n/ n. Biochem.  a sulphur-containing amino acid, essential in the human diet and a constituent of many enzymes 【生化】半胱氨酸(人类食物中必不可少的一种含硫氨基酸，为多种酶的构成成分) [CYSTINE + -eine (variant of -INE4)]

cystic /ˈsistik/ adj.  1  of the urinary bladder 膀胱的 2  of the gall bladder 胆囊的 3  of the nature of a cyst 囊的，孢囊的，囊状的 [French cystique or modern Latin cysticus (as CYST)]

cystic fibrosis n.  a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine glands and usu. resulting in respiratory infections 囊性纤维变性，囊肿性纤维化(一种遗传性外分泌腺疾病，会导致呼吸道感染)

cystine /ˈsisti:n, -tin/ n. Biochem.  an organic base which is a naturally occurring dimer of cysteine 【生化】胱氨酸，双硫丙氨酸(一种有机碱基，是自然存在的半胱氨酸二聚物) [Greek kustis ‘bladder’ (because first found in urinary calculi) + -INE4]

cystitis /siˈstaitis/ n.  an inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by infection, and usu. accompanied by frequent painful urination 膀胱炎(通常伴有疼痛性尿频)

cysto- /ˈsistəʊ/ comb. form  the urinary bladder (cystoscope 膀胱镜 ; cystotomy 膀胱切开术) [构词成分]膀胱 [Greek kustē, kustis ‘bladder’]

cystoscope /ˈsistəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument inserted in the urethra for examining the urinary bladder 膀胱镜 □ cystoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ cystoscopy  /siˈstɒskəpi/ n.  膀胱镜检查

cystotomy /siˈstɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical incision into the urinary bladder 膀胱切开术

-cyte /sait/ comb. form Biol.  a mature cell (leucocyte 白细胞，白血球) (cf. 参见 -BLAST) [构词成分]【生】成熟细胞 [Greek kutos ‘vessel’]

cytidine /ˈsaitidi:n/ n.  a nucleoside obtained from RNA by hydrolysis 胞苷，嘧啶核苷(一种用水解方法从核糖核酸中制取的核苷) [German Cytidin (as -CYTE)]

cyto- /ˈsaitəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  cells or a cell [构词成分]【生】细胞 [as -CYTE]

cytochrome /ˈsaitə(ʊ)krəʊm/ n. Biochem.  a compound consisting of a protein linked to a haem, which is involved in electron transfer reactions 【生化】细胞色素

cytogenetics /ˌsaitəʊdʒəˈnetiks/ n.  the study of inheritance in relation to the structure and function of cells 细胞遗传学 □ cytogenetic  adj.  □ cytogenetical  adj.  □ cytogenetically  adv.  □ cytogeneticist  /-sist/ n.  

cytology /saiˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of cells 细胞学 □ cytological  /saitəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cytologically  /saitəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ cytologist  n.  

cytomegalovirus /saitəʊˈmeɡ(ə)lə(ʊ)ˌvairəs/ n. Med.  a kind of herpes virus which may cause nerve damage in babies or people with weakened immune systems (abbr. 缩略 : CMV) 【医】细胞巨化病毒(一种疱疹病毒，会给婴儿或免疫力差的人带来神经损伤)

cytoplasm /ˈsaitə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  the protoplasmic content of a cell excluding its nucleus 细胞质，细胞浆 □ cytoplasmic  /-ˈplæzmik/ adj.  

cytosine /ˈsaitəsi:n/ n. Biochem.  a pyrimidine derivative found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA and RNA 【生化】胞(核)嘧啶(存在于所有生物组织中的嘧啶衍生物，是构成脱氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸的碱基)

cytoskeleton /ˈsaitəʊˌskelit(ə)n/ n. Biol.  a network of protein filaments and tubules giving shape and coherence to a living cell 【生】细胞骨架

cytotoxic /saitə(ʊ)ˈtɒksik/ adj.  toxic to cells 细胞毒素的；毒害细胞的

czar var.  of TSAR  TSAR 的变体

czardas var.  of CSARDAS  CSARDAS 的变体

Czech /tʃek/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of the Czech Republic, Bohemia, or (hist.) Czechoslovakia 捷克人，波希米亚人；[史义]捷克斯洛伐克人 2  the West Slavonic language of the Czech people (cf. 参见 SLOVAK) 捷克语(指捷克人使用的西部斯拉夫语言) ●adj.  of or relating to the Czechs or their language 捷克人的；捷克语的 [Polish spelling of Bohemian Čech]

Czechoslovak /tʃekə(ʊ)ˈsləʊvæk/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Czechoslovakian /-sləˈvækiən/) ●n.  a native or national of Czechoslovakia, a former state in central Europe including Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia 捷克斯洛伐克人；捷克斯洛伐克国民(捷克与斯洛伐克现已成为两个国家——译者注) ●adj.  of or relating to Czechoslovaks or the former state of Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克人的；捷克斯洛伐克的 [CZECH + SLOVAK]

Czech Republic   捷克共和国

Côte d'Ivoire   科特迪瓦

'd abbr. colloq. (usu. after pronouns) had, would (I'd; he'd) [缩略] [口] (通常用在代词后)用于代替 had 或 would

D1 /di:/ n. (also 亦作 d) (pl. Ds or D's)  1  a  the fourth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 4 个字母b  a thing shaped like this D 形物 2 Mus.  the second note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 2 个音， D 音 3 (as a Roman numeral) 500 (作为罗马数字的)500 4  the fourth highest class or category (of academic marks etc.) (学业成绩等的)丁，第四等(或类)

D2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 D.)  1 US  Democrat [美]民主党党员 2  dimension 维  3-D  三维

D3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the isotope deuterium 【化】同位素氘 2  electric flux density 电通量密度 3  dextrorotatory 右旋的

d1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 d.)  1  died  2  departs  3  delete  4  daughter  5  diameter  6  depth 

d2 symb. [符]  1  deci-  2 Brit. (pre-decimal) penny [英] (改用十进位货币前的) (旧)便士 [sense 2 from Latin denarius ‘silver coin’]

D/A abbr. Computing  digital to analogue [缩略]【计算】数(字)- 模(拟)

DA abbr. [缩略]  1 US [美]  district attorney  2 slang [俚语]  = DUCK'S ARSE 

da abbr. [缩略]  deca- 

dab1 /dæb/ v. & n. ●v. (dabbed, dabbing)  1 tr.  press (a surface) briefly with a cloth, sponge, etc., without rubbing, esp. in cleaning or to apply a substance (尤指在清洁物体时用布、海绵等物短促而不揉擦地)轻按，轻触(表面) 2 tr.  press (a sponge etc.) lightly on a surface (用海绵等)轻按，轻揉 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  apply (a substance) by dabbing a surface 用(某物)轻敷，轻涂 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  aim a feeble blow; tap 轻击，轻拍 5 tr.  strike lightly; tap 轻打，轻拍 ●n.  1  a brief application of a cloth, sponge, etc., to a surface without rubbing (用布、海绵等)轻按，轻触 2  a small amount of something applied in this way 少量，一点点  a dab of paint  少量油漆 3  a light blow or tap 轻击，轻拍 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. slang  fingerprints [英] [俚语]指纹印 □ dabber  n.   [Middle English, imitative]

dab2 /dæb/ n.  a small flatfish of the genus Limanda 黄盖鲽(黄盖鲽属鱼类) [Middle English: origin unknown]

dabble /ˈdæb(ə)l/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at)  take a casual or superficial interest or part (in a subject or activity) (对某问题或活动)浅尝 2 intr.  move the feet, hands, etc. about in (usu. a small amount of) liquid (通常在浅水中)用手(或足等)嬉水 3 tr.  wet partly or intermittently; moisten, stain, splash (使部分或间断地)湿润；染污；溅洒 □ dabbler  n.   [16th c.: from Dutch dabbelen or DAB1]

dabbling duck /ˈdæbliŋ/ n.  a duck that habitually feeds in shallow usu. Fresh water by dabbling at or near the surface, esp. one of the tribe Anatini, including mallard, teal, etc. 钻水鸭(尤指通常在浅水觅食并在水面嬉水的鸭族，包括绿头鸭和水鸭等)

dabchick /ˈdæbtʃik/ n.  = LITTLE GREBE  [16th c., in earlier forms dap-, dop-: perhaps related to the Old English source of DIP]

dab hand n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  a person especially skilled (in) 精通…的人，内行，熟手  a dab hand at cooking  烹调能手 [dab (adj.) 17th c.: origin unknown]

da capo /dɑ: ˈkɑ:pəʊ/ adv. Mus. (a direction at the end of a piece of music to repeat) from the beginning 【音】从头，从头重复乐曲 [Italian]

dace /deis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any of several small freshwater fishes related to the carp, esp. Leuciscus leuciscus 小代斯鱼(多种鲤科的小型淡水鱼，尤指雅罗鱼) [Old French dars: see DART]

dacha /ˈdætʃə/ n.  a country house or cottage in Russia (俄罗斯)乡村邸宅(或别墅) [Russian, originally = grant (of land)]

dachshund /ˈdækshʊnd, -s(ə)nd/ n.  1  a dog of a short-legged long-bodied breed 猎獾狗(一种腿短体长的狗) 2  this breed 猎獾狗种 [German, = badger-dog]

dacite /ˈdeisait/ n. Geol.  a volcanic rock similar to andesite 【地质】英安岩(一种类似安山岩的火山岩) [from Dacia, a Roman province in central Europe + -ITE1]

dacoit /dəˈkɔit/ n. (in India or Myanmar) a member of a band of armed robbers (印度或缅甸的)武装土匪，强盗 [Hindi dakait from dɑˉkɑˉ ‘gang-robbery’]

dactyl /ˈdæktil/ n.  a metrical foot (- ˇˇ) consisting of one long (or stressed) syllable followed by two short (or unstressed) 扬抑抑格，长短短格(英诗中的一种韵律，一个长(或重)音后跟两个短(或轻)音) [Middle English via Latin dactylus from Greek daktulos ‘finger’, the three bones corresponding to the three syllables]

dactylic /dækˈtilik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or using dactyls (用)扬抑抑格的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  dactylic verse 扬抑抑格诗句 [Latin dactylicus from Greek daktulikos (as DACTYL)]

dactylic hexameter n.  a hexameter having five dactyls and a spondee or trochee, any of the first four feet, and sometimes the fifth, being replaceable by a spondee 扬抑抑格六韵步诗行(行中有 5 个扬抑抑格和一个扬扬格或扬抑格)

dad /dæd/ n. colloq.  father [口]爹爹，爸爸 [perhaps imitative of a child's da, da (cf. DADDY)]

Dada /ˈdɑ:dɑ:/ n.  an early 20th-c. international movement in art, literature, music, and film, repudiating and mocking artistic and social conventions (20 世纪初期在美术、文学、音乐和电影领域出现的一种否定并嘲弄艺术和社会传统的)达达派，达达主义 □ Dadaism  /-dəiz(ə)m/ n.  □ Dadaist  /-dəist/ n. & adj.  □ Dadaistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [French (the title of an early 20th-c. review) from dada ‘hobby horse’]

daddy /ˈdædi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  father 父亲 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the oldest or a supreme example 最早的事例；典范  had a daddy of a headache  有头疼毛病 [DAD + -Y3]

daddy-long-legs n.  1 Brit.  a crane-fly [英]大蚊 2 US  a harvestman [美]长脚爷叔(收割蛛的俗称)

dado /ˈdeidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the lower part of the wall of a room when visually distinct from the upper part 墙裙，护壁板 2  the plinth of a column 柱基 3  the cube of a pedestal between the base and the cornice 墩身 [Italian, = DIE2]

daemon var.  of DEMON  5 DEMON 5 的变体

daemonic var.  of DEMONIC  DEMONIC 的变体

daff /dæf/ n. colloq. [口]  = DAFFODIL 1  [abbreviation]

daffodil /ˈdæfədil/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a bulbous plant, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, with a yellow trumpet-shaped corona 黄水仙b  any of various other large-flowered plants of the genus Narcissus 任何其他种大花鳞茎水仙 2 (in full 全称 daffodil yellow)  a pale yellow colour 浅黄色 ●adj. (in full 全称 daffodil yellow; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  pale yellow 浅黄色的 [earlier affodill, as ASPHODEL]

daffy /ˈdæfi/ adj. (daffier, daffiest) colloq. [口]  = DAFT  □ daffily  adv.  □ daffiness  n.   [daff ‘simpleton’ + -Y2]

daft /dɑ:ft/ adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  silly, foolish, crazy 愚蠢的，傻的；疯狂的 2 (foll. by 后跟 about)  fond of; infatuated with 喜欢的；对…着迷的 [Old English gedœfte ‘mild, meek’, from Germanic]

dag /dæɡ/ n. & v. Austral. & NZ [澳新] ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a lock of wool clotted with dung on the hinder parts of a sheep 粪污块毛(绵羊臀部处粘着屎的一团毛) 2 slang  an eccentric or noteworthy person; a character [俚语]古怪(或显赫)之人；杰出人物  he's a bit of a dag  他有点名人的派头 ●v. tr. (dagged, dagging)  remove dags from (a sheep) 去掉(绵羊身上的)粪污块毛 □ rattle one's dags  slang  hurry up [俚语]赶快□ dagger  n.   [originally English dialect]

dagga /ˈdæɡə/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  hemp used as a narcotic (用作麻醉品的)大麻 2  any plant of the genus Leonotis used similarly (作类似用途的任何一种)大麻类植物 [Afrikaans from Nama dachab]

dagger /ˈdæɡə/ n.  1  a short stabbing weapon with a pointed and edged blade (有锋利刀尖和刀刃的)短剑，匕首 2 Printing 【印刷】  = OBELUS  □ at daggers drawn   in bitter enmity 剑拔弩张；势不两立□ look daggers at   glare angrily or venomously at 对…怒目而视 [Middle English, perhaps from obsolete dag ‘pierce’, influenced by Old French dague ‘long dagger’]

daggerboard /ˈdæɡəbɔ:d/ n. Naut.  a sliding centreboard 【海】(船的)活动披水板，中插板

daggy /ˈdæɡi/ adj. (daggier, daggiest) Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  dowdy, scruffy 邋遢的；褴褛的 2  unfashionable 不时髦的 [DAG n. + -Y1]

dago /ˈdeiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) slang offens.  a foreigner, esp. a Spaniard, Portuguese, or Italian [俚语] [冒犯]外国佬(尤指西班牙、葡萄牙或意大利人) [Spanish Diego = James]

daguerreotype /dəˈɡerə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1  a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapour 采用达盖尔银版(或照相)法所拍的照片 2  this process 达盖尔银版法 [named after L. Daguerre, French inventor d. 1851]

dah /dɑ:/ n. (in the Morse system 在莫尔斯电码中)  = DASH(cf. 参见 DIT)  [imitative]

dahlia /ˈdeiliə/ n.  any garden plant of the genus Dahlia (daisy family), of Mexican origin, cultivated for its many-coloured single or double flowers 大丽花，大丽菊(菊科大理花属的庭园植物，原产墨西哥，花色繁多，单瓣或双瓣花) [named after A. Dahl, Swedish botanist d. 1789]

daily /ˈdeili/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  done, produced, or occurring every day or every weekday 每日的；每周日的 2  constant, regular 经常的，规则的 ●adv.  1  every day; from day to day 每天地；一天天地 2  constantly 经常地 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a daily newspaper 日报 2 Brit.  a charwoman or domestic help working daily [英] (每日来做家务而不寄宿的)计日女佣(或帮工) [Middle English from DAY + -LY1, -LY2]

daily bread n.  necessary food; a livelihood 必需食物；(日常)生计

daily dozen n. colloq.  regular exercises, esp. on rising [口]健身操(尤指起床后)

daimon /ˈdaiməʊn/ n.  = DEMON 5a  □ daimonic  /-ˈməʊnik, -ˈmɒnik/ adj.   [Greek, = deity]

dainty /ˈdeinti/ adj. & n. ●adj. (daintier, daintiest)  1  delicately pretty 纤细可爱的 2  delicate of build or in movement 体态优美的，动作优雅的 3 (of food) choice (食物)美味的 4  fastidious; having delicate taste and sensibility 挑剔的；讲究的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a choice morsel; a delicacy 少量精选的食物，珍馐 □ daintily  adv.  □ daintiness  n.   [Anglo-French dainté, Old French daintié, deintié from Latin dignitas -tatis, from dignus ‘worthy’]

daiquiri /ˈdaikiri, ˈdæk-/ n. (pl. daiquiris)  a cocktail of rum, lime juice, etc. 代基里酒(由朗姆酒和酸橙汁等混合而成的鸡尾酒) [Daiquiri, a rum-producing district in Cuba]

dairy /ˈdɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a building or room for the storage, processing, and distribution of milk and its products 乳品场，乳品间 2  a shop where milk and milk products are sold 牛奶(及乳品)店 3 (作 attrib.)  a  of, containing, or concerning milk and its products (and sometimes eggs) (含)牛奶的；牛奶制的；乳制品(有时也包括蛋制品)的b  used for dairy products 用作乳制品的  dairy cow  奶牛 [Middle English deierie from deie ‘maidservant’, from Old English dœˉge ‘kneader of dough’]

dairying /ˈdɛəriiŋ/ n.  the business of producing, storing, and distributing milk and its products (生产、储藏、分发牛奶及奶产品的)乳制品业

dairymaid /ˈdɛərimeid/ n.  a woman employed in a dairy 挤奶女工；乳牛场女工

dairyman /ˈdɛərimən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man dealing in dairy products 牛奶(乳品)商人 2  a man employed in a dairy 奶场男工

dais /ˈdeiis, deis/ n.  a low platform, usu. at the upper end of a hall and used to support a table, lectern, etc. 讲台(通常在大厅前一端并在其上放置桌子、诵经台等) [Middle English via Old French deis from Latin discus ‘disc, dish’, in medieval Latin = table]

Daisy /ˈdeizi/   戴西 [人名]

daisy /ˈdeizi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a small plant, Bellis perennis (family Compositae), bearing flowers each with a yellow disc and white rays 雏菊(菊科雏菊属植物，开黄色盘状花，边花为白色)b  any other plant of this family with daisy-like flowers 类似雏菊的菊科植物  ox-eye daisy  春白菊 Michaelmas daisy  米迦勒节紫菀 Shasta daisy  大滨菊 2 slang  a first-rate specimen of anything [俚语]上等货 □ pushing up the daisies  slang  dead and buried [俚语]葬在地下 [Old English dœges ēage ‘day's eye’, the flower opening in the morning]

daisy chain n.  a string of daisies threaded together 雏菊花环

daisy-cutter n. Cricket  a ball bowled so as to roll along the ground 【板球】擦地球

daisy wheel n.  a disc of spokes extending radially from a central hub, each terminating in a printing character, used as a printer in word processors and typewriters (文字处理机或打字机上的)菊瓣字轮

Dak. abbr.  Dakota [缩略] (美国)达科他州；达科他人(语)；达科他人(语)的

Dakar /ˈdækə/ n.  达喀尔 [塞内加尔首都]

dal var.  of DHAL  DHAL 的变体

dalasi /dɑ:ˈlɑ:si:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or dalasis)  the chief monetary unit of the Gambia 达拉西(冈比亚主要货币单位) [name of an earlier local coin]

Dale /deil/   戴尔 [人名]

dale /deil/ n.  a valley, esp. in northern England (尤指英格兰北部的)谷，峪 [Old English dœl, from Germanic]

dalesman /ˈdeilzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an inhabitant of the dales in northern England (英格兰北部)山谷居民，谷地山民

Dallas /ˈdæləs/ n.  达拉斯 [美国城市]

dalliance /ˈdæliəns/ n.  1  a leisurely or frivolous passing of time 闲混；放荡度日 2  an instance of light-hearted flirting; a casual love affair 调情；调戏 [DALLY + -ANCE]

dally /ˈdæli/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1  delay; waste time, esp. frivolously 延误；浪费(光阴) (尤指终日嬉戏) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  play about; flirt, treat frivolously 游手好闲；调情；戏弄  dallied with her affections  戏弄她的情感 □ dally away   waste or fritter (one's time, life, etc.) 蹉跎岁月，浪费(或消耗) (时间、生命等) [Middle English from Old French dalier ‘chat’]

Dalmatian /dælˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a dog of a large white short-haired breed with dark spots 达尔马提亚犬(一种大型狗，白色短毛上有斑点) 2  this breed 达尔马提亚犬种 [Dalmatia, a region in Croatia]

dalmatic /dælˈmætik/ n.  a wide-sleeved long loose vestment open at the sides, worn by deacons and bishops, and by a monarch at his or her coronation (助祭和主教所穿的两胁有开叉的)宽松法衣；(国王或女王加冕时所穿的)加冕服 [Middle English from Old French dalmatique or Late Latin dalmatica (vestis) ‘(robe) of Dalmatia’]

dal segno /dæl ˈseinjəʊ/ adv. Mus. (a direction in a piece of music to repeat) from the point marked by a sign 【音】 ‹F023› ；乐章中的反复记号(从记号处开始重复一遍) [Italian, = from the sign]

dalton /ˈdɔ:lt(ə)n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ATOMIC MASS UNIT  [named after J. Dalton (see DALTONISM)]

daltonism /ˈdɔ:lt(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  colour-blindness, esp. a congenital inability to distinguish between red and green 色盲(尤指先天性红绿色盲) [French daltonisme from the name of J. Dalton, English chemist (d. 1844) who suffered from it]

dam1 /dæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir or preventing flooding 堤，坝(用以蓄水提升水面，形成水库或用以防洪) 2  a barrier constructed in a stream by a beaver (海狸在河中建造的)堤堰 3  anything functioning as a dam does 坝状物 4 Brit.  a causeway [英]堤道 ●v. tr. (dammed, damming)  1  provide or confine with a dam 在…中筑堤(或坝)；筑坝拦(水) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  block up; hold back; obstruct 阻止，堵住；阻碍 [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch]

dam2 /dæm/ n.  the female parent of an animal, esp. a mammal 母兽(尤指哺乳动物) [Middle English: variant of DAME]

damage /ˈdæmidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  harm or injury impairing the value or usefulness of something, or the health or normal function of a person 伤害；损害(影响某物的价值或用途，影响某人的健康或正常功能) 2 (in pl. 用复数) Law  a sum of money claimed or awarded in compensation for a loss or an injury 【法律】损害赔偿；损害赔偿金 3  the loss of what is desirable (要求赔偿的)损失 4 (prec. by 前接 the) slang  cost [俚语]代价；费用  what's the damage?  要花多少钱？ ●v. tr.  1  inflict damage on 损坏，损害 2 (esp. as 尤作 damaging adj.)  detract from the reputation of 毁坏名誉  a most damaging admission  最毁誉的供认 □ damagingly  adv.  很，非常地 [Middle English via Old French damage (n.), damagier (v.), from dam(me) ‘loss’, from Latin damnum ‘loss, damage’]

damascene /ˈdæməsi:n, dæməˈsi:n/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr.  decorate (metal, esp. iron or steel) by etching or inlaying esp. with gold or silver, or with a watered pattern produced in welding (尤在钢或铁的表面上) (用金银)镶嵌；(用焊接方法)以波状花纹装饰 ●n.  a design or article produced in this way 镶嵌工艺；镶嵌金银的物品；波状花纹制品 ●adj.  of, relating to, or produced by this process (有关)镶嵌金银的；使现波状纹的；用镶嵌工艺生产的 [Damascene ‘of Damascus’, via Latin Damascenus from Greek Damaskēnos]

Damascus /dəˈmɑ:skəs/ n.  大马士革 [叙利亚首都]

damask /ˈdæməsk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a figured woven fabric (esp. silk or linen) with a pattern visible on both sides (尤指用丝绸或亚麻织成的)锦缎，花缎b  twilled table linen with woven designs shown by the reflection of light (光照下可见到织有图案的)斜纹亚麻桌布 2  a tablecloth made of this material 织花桌布 3 hist.  steel with a watered pattern produced in welding [史义]大马士革钢(表面有水状纹的钢) ●adj.  1  made of or resembling damask 由锦缎制成的；类似锦缎的 2  coloured like a damask rose, velvety pink or vivid red 蔷薇色；淡红色 ●v. tr.  1  weave with figured designs 在…织花纹 2  = DAMASCENEv.  3  ornament 装饰 [Middle English, ultimately from Latin Damascus]

damask rose n.  an old sweet-scented variety of rose, with very soft velvety petals, used to make attar 大马士革蔷薇

dame /deim/ n.  1 (作 Dame)  a (in the UK) the title given to a woman with the rank of Knight Commander or holder of the Grand Cross in the Orders of Chivalry (英国)夫人(对得到第二级爵士或骑士大十字勋章的妇女的尊称)b  a woman holding this title 女爵士 2 Brit.  a comic middle-aged female character in modern pantomime, usu. played by a man [英] (在现代哑剧中，通常由男演员扮演的)中年滑稽妇女 3 archaic  a mature woman [古义]成年妇女 4 N. Amer. slang  a woman [北美] [俚语]女人 [Middle English via Old French from Latin domina ‘mistress’]

dame school n. hist.  a primary school of a kind kept by elderly women [史义] (老年妇女开办的)家庭小学校

damfool /ˈdæmfu:l/ adj. colloq.  foolish, stupid [口]愚蠢的，愚笨的 [DAMN + FOOL1]

dammar /ˈdæmə/ n.  1  an E. Asian or Australasian tree, esp. of the genus Agathis or Shorea, yielding a resin used in varnish-making 贝壳杉属树木；娑罗双树属树木(其树脂用以制清漆) 2  this resin 达马树脂 [Malay damar]

dammit /ˈdæmit/ int.  damn it 该死的

damn /dæm/ v., n., adj. & adv. ●v. tr.  1 (often absol. [常含宾] or as 作 int. of anger or annoyance 愤怒；厌烦 = may God damn 该死的)  curse (a person or thing) (咒骂人或事)他妈的 2  doom to hell; cause the damnation of 罚…入地狱，不得好死 3  condemn, censure 咒骂；谴责  a review damning the performance  一篇把表演批得一无是处的述评 4  a (often as 常作 damning adj.) (of a circumstance, piece of evidence, etc.) show or prove to be guilty; bring condemnation upon (情况、证据等)表明(或证明)有罪(的；) 招来谴责(的)  evidence against them was damning  对他们的证词遭到了谴责b  be the ruin of 破灭(的) ●n.  1  an uttered curse 咒骂 2 colloq.  a negligible amount [口]微不足道  not worth a damn  毫无价值 ●adj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = DAMNED  □ damn all  Brit. colloq.  nothing at all [英口]完全没有□ damn well  colloq. (as an emphatic) simply [口]无疑地，肯定地(作为强调)  damn well do as I say  就要按我说的去做□ damn with faint praise   commend so unenthusiastically as to imply disapproval 用冷淡的赞许表示反对□ I'm (or I'll be) damned if  colloq.  I certainly do not, will not, etc. [口]我决不(不会等)□ not give a damn   see 见 GIVE □ well I'm (or I'll be) damned  colloq.  exclamation of surprise, dismay, etc. [口] (惊奇、失望等的感叹)我太惊奇了□ damningly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French damner from Latin damnare ‘inflict loss on’, from damnum ‘loss’]

damnable /ˈdæmnəb(ə)l/ adj.  hateful, annoying 可恨的；讨厌的 □ damnably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as DAMN)]

damnation /dæmˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. & int. ●n.  condemnation to eternal punishment, esp. in hell 万劫不复的刑罚(尤指下地狱) ●int.  expressing anger or annoyance 该死 [Middle English from Old French (as DAMN)]

damnatory /ˈdæmnət(ə)ri/ adj.  conveying or causing censure or damnation 该诅咒的，该指责的 [Latin damnatorius (as DAMN)]

damned /dæmd/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口] ●adj.  damnable, infernal, unwelcome 该诅咒的，该死的，讨厌的 ●adv.  extremely 极；非常地  damned hot  热死了 damned lovely  可爱极了 □ damned well  (as an emphatic) simply (作为强调)无疑地，肯定地  you've damned well got to  你肯定到了□ do one's damnedest   do one's utmost 拼命干，尽全力

damnify /ˈdæmnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) Law  cause injury to 【法律】损害，加害 □ damnification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French damnifier etc. from Late Latin damnificare ‘injure’ (as DAMN)]

damp /dæmp/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  slightly wet; moist 微湿的；潮湿的 ●n.  1  diffused moisture in the air, on a surface, or in a solid, esp. as a cause of inconvenience or danger 湿气，潮气(尤指造成不便或危险的原因) 2  dejection; discouragement 消沉，沮丧 3  = FIREDAMP  ●v. tr.  1  make damp; moisten 弄湿，使潮湿 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a  take the force or vigour out of 给…泼冷水，使沮丧  damp one's enthusiasm  挫伤某人的热情b  make flaccid or spiritless 使意志消沉(或精神不振)c  make (a fire) burn less strongly by reducing the flow of air to it (以减小空气流通)封(火), 减低火力 3  reduce or stop the vibration of (esp. the strings of a musical instrument) 制止(尤指琴弦)音响 4  quieten 平静 □ damp off  (of a plant) die from a fungus attack in damp conditions (植物因霉病而)枯萎□ dampish  adj.  □ damply  adv.  □ dampness  n.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, = vapour etc., Old High German dampf ‘steam’, from West Germanic]

damp course n.  a layer of waterproof material in the wall of a building near the ground, to prevent rising damp (在靠近地表的墙壁上的)防潮层

dampen /ˈdæmp(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become damp 使潮湿；变潮湿 2 tr.  make less forceful or vigorous; stifle, choke 抑制；使消沉；使闷住，使窒息 □ dampener  n.  

damper /ˈdæmpə/ n.  1  a person or thing that discourages, or tempers enthusiasm 使人扫兴的人(或事) 2  a device that reduces shock or noise 减震器；减音器 3  a metal plate in a flue to control the draught, and so the rate of combustion (火炉等的)挡板；调节风门(置于烟道中的金属板用以控制气流，从而控制燃烧的速度) 4 Mus.  a pad silencing a piano string except when removed by means of a pedal or by the note's being struck 【音】(钢琴的)制音器，减音器 5 esp. Austral. & NZ  an unleavened loaf or cake of flour and water baked in wood ashes [尤澳新] (在篝火上烤的不发面)硬面包 □ put a damper on   take the vigour or enjoyment out of 抑制，使…扫兴

damp-proof adj. & v. ●adj.  impervious to damp 防潮的；防湿的 ●v. tr.  make damp-proof 使防潮，使防湿

damp-proof course n.  = DAMP COURSE 

damp squib n. Brit.  an unsuccessful attempt to impress etc. [英]无成效的事； (影响、效果等)失败，落空

damsel /ˈdæmz(ə)l/ n. archaic or literary  a young unmarried woman [古义] [文学用语]少女；闺女 [Middle English from Old French dam(e)isele, ultimately from Latin domina ‘mistress’]

damselfish /ˈdæmz(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a small brightly coloured tropical marine fish of the family Pomacentridae, esp. Chromis chromis, found in or near coral reefs 雀鲷(尤指光鳃鱼，一种色彩斑斓的雀鲷科热带海鱼，生活在珊瑚礁或附近水域)

damselfly /ˈdæmz(ə)lflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  an insect of the order Odonata, like a slender dragonfly but with its wings folded over the body when resting 豆娘(蜻蜓目昆虫，休息时翅膀垂直于背上)

damson /ˈdæmz(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a small dark purple plumlike fruit 布拉斯李子b (also 亦作 damson tree)  the small deciduous tree, Prunus institia, bearing this 布拉斯李树(小型落叶树) 2  a dark purple colour 暗紫色 ●adj.  damson-coloured 暗紫色的 [Middle English damacene, -scene, -sene from Latin damascenum (prunum) ‘(plum) of Damascus’: see DAMASCENE]

damson cheese n.  a solid preserve of damsons and sugar 结晶蜜李(一种蜜饯)

Dan /dæn/   丹 [人名]

Dan. abbr.  Daniel (Old Testament) [缩略] (《圣经·旧约》中的)《但以理书》

dan1 /dæn/ n.  1  any of ten degrees of advanced proficiency in judo or karate 段(柔道或空手道中的等级) 2  a person who has achieved any of these 享有段位的人 [Japanese]

dan2 /dæn/ n. (in full 全称 dan buoy)  a small buoy used as a marker in deep-sea fishing, or to mark the limits of an area cleared by minesweepers (深水捕鱼做标记的)小浮筒； (标志已被扫雷艇清除过之水域的)浮标 [17th c.: origin unknown]

dance /dɑ:ns/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  move about rhythmically alone or with a partner or in a set, usu. in fixed steps or sequences to music, for pleasure or as entertainment 跳舞(单人、双人或一组人按规定步子，和着音乐有节奏地跳动的娱乐活动) 2 intr.  move in a lively way; skip or jump about 跳跃；雀跃 3 tr.  a  perform (a specified dance or form of dancing) 跳某一特定的舞或舞蹈形体b  perform (a specified role) in a ballet etc. (在芭蕾舞等中)跳(某个特定角色) 4 intr.  move up and down (on water, in the field of vision, etc.) (在水面上或视觉等上)摇荡，晃动 5 tr.  move (esp. a child) up and down; dandle (尤对小孩)摇动；哄逗；舞弄 ●n.  1  a  a piece of dancing; a sequence of steps in dancing 一段舞；一组舞步b  a special form of this 舞蹈形体 2  a single round or turn of a dance 一圈舞；一轮舞 3  a social gathering for dancing, a ball 舞会 4  a piece of music for dancing to or in a dance rhythm 舞乐，舞曲 5  a dancing or lively motion 跳动，活泼的动作 □ dance attendance on   follow or wait on (a person) obsequiously 随伺左右，讨好取悦(某人)□ dance to a person's tune   accede obsequiously to a person's demands and wishes 跟着某人亦步亦趋；惟某人马首是瞻□ lead a person a dance (or merry dance)  Brit.  cause a person much trouble in following a course one has instigated [英]使人落得狼狈不堪□ danceable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French dance, danse (n.), dancer, danser (v.), from Romanic, of unknown origin]

dance band n.  a band that plays music for dancing to 舞会乐队

dance floor n.  a usu. uncarpeted area of floor reserved for dancing (通常为未铺地毯的)跳舞场地

dance hall n.  a public hall for dancing 舞厅

dance of death n.  a medieval allegorical representation in which a personified Death leads all to the grave 死亡舞蹈，骷髅舞(一种中世纪的讽喻式表演，死神引导人们走向坟墓)

dancer /ˈdɑ:nsə/ n.  1  a person who performs a dance 舞者 2  a person whose profession is dancing 舞蹈家

dancing dervish  see 见 WHIRLING DERVISH 

dancing girl n.  a female professional dancer, esp. a member of a group (尤指某团体的职业)舞女；舞蹈女演员

d. and c. n.  dilatation (of the cervix) and curettage (of the uterus), performed after a miscarriage or for the removal of cysts, tumours, etc. (用于流产或切除囊胞、肿瘤等的) (子宫颈)扩张和(子宫)搔刮

dandelion /ˈdændilaiən/ n.  a plant of the genus Taraxacum (daisy family), esp. the common T. officinale, with jagged leaves and a large bright yellow flower on a hollow stalk, followed by a globular head of seeds with downy tufts (菊科)蒲公英属植物(尤指普通药用蒲公英) [French dent-de-lion, translation of medieval Latin dens leonis ‘lion's tooth’ (from the shape of the leaves)]

dandelion clock n.  the downy seed-head of a dandelion 蒲公英的绒毛种子冠头

dandelion coffee n.  dried and powdered dandelion roots; a drink made from this 蒲公英咖啡(用晒干磨成粉状的蒲公英根制成的饮料)

dander /ˈdændə/ n. colloq.  temper, anger, indignation [口]怒气，愤怒，愤慨 □ get one's dander up   lose one's temper; become angry 生气；发怒 , [19th c.: origin uncertain]

dandify /ˈdændifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 dandified adj.)  cause to resemble a dandy in stylish appearance 使像花花公子；使浮华

dandle /ˈdænd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  dance (a child) on one's knees or in one's arms (在膝上或用胳膊抱着)舞弄逗乐(小孩) 2  pamper, pet 纵容；溺爱 [16th c.: origin unknown]

dandruff /ˈdændrʌf/ n.  dead skin in small scales among the hair 头皮屑 [16th c.: -ruff perhaps related to Middle English rove ‘scurfiness’, from Old Norse hrufa or Middle Low German, Middle Dutch rōve]

dandy /ˈdændi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a man unduly devoted to style, smartness, and fashion in dress and appearance 花花公子；服装时髦的人 2 colloq.  an excellent thing [口]极好的东西，上品 ●adj. (dandier, dandiest) esp. N. Amer. colloq.  very good of its kind; splendid, first-rate [尤北美口]极好的，极令人满意的，第一流的 □ dandyish  adj.  □ dandyism  n.   [18th c.: perhaps an abbreviation of Jack-a-dandy: dandy may be a pet form of Andrew]

dandy brush n.  a brush for grooming a horse (刷马用的)长毛马刷

dandy roll n. (also 亦作 dandy roller)  a device for solidifying, and impressing a watermark in, paper during manufacture (造纸业中作水印的)水印辊

Dane /dein/ n.  1  a native or national of Denmark 丹麦人；丹麦国民 2 hist.  a Viking invader of England in the 9th － 11th c. [史义] (9 至 11 世纪入侵英格兰的)古代斯堪的纳维亚人 [Middle English from Old Norse Danir (pl.), Late Latin Dani]

Danegeld /ˈdeinɡeld/ n. hist. [史义]  1 (in pre-Conquest England) an annual tax to raise funds for protection against Danish invaders 丹麦金，抗丹税(英格兰在被征服前为抵御丹麦人入侵而征收的年度税) 2  appeasement by bribery 通过行贿带来的缓和 [Old English (as DANE + Old Norse gjald ‘payment’)]

Danelaw /ˈdeinlɔ:/ n. hist.  the part of N. & E. England occupied or administered by Danes in the 9th － 11th c. [史义]丹麦区 (9 至 11 世纪由丹麦人占领或管理的英格兰东北部地区) [Old English Dena lagu ‘Danes' law’]

danger /ˈdein(d)ʒə/ n.  1  liability or exposure to harm; an unwelcome possibility 危险；风险 2  a thing that causes or is likely to cause harm 危险物；危险起因 3 Brit.  the status of a railway signal directing a halt or caution [英] (铁路信号的)危险示意 □ in danger of   likely to incur or to suffer from 有…危险的 [earlier in the sense ‘jurisdiction, power’: Middle English from Old French dangier, ultimately from Latin dominus ‘lord’]

danger list n. Brit.  a list of those dangerously ill, esp. in a hospital [英] (尤指医院里的)病危病人名单

danger man n.  a man perceived as posing a particular threat, esp. an outstanding sportsman 危险人物(尤指一位优秀的运动员)

danger money n. Brit.  extra payment for dangerous work [英]危险工作津贴

dangerous /ˈdein(d)ʒ(ə)rəs/ adj.  involving or causing danger 危险的，陷入(或导致)危险的 □ dangerously  adv.  □ dangerousness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French dangerous, daungerous, Old French dangereus (as DANGER)]

dangle /ˈdæŋɡ(ə)l/ v.  1 intr.  be loosely suspended, so as to be able to sway to and fro 悬荡；悬垂 2 tr.  hold or carry loosely suspended 悬挂；悬荡地拿着 3 tr.  hold out (a hope, temptation, etc.) enticingly (用希望、诱惑等)引诱；吊胃口 4 intr. Gram. 【语法】 (as 作 dangling adj.) (of a participle in an absolute clause or phrase) with the subject omitted, e.g. of having in having said that, the problem can be solved 悬垂的(作为分词用在独立从句或短语中，省去主语，如“曾说过，问题可以解决”中的 having) □ dangler  n.  □ dangly  adj.   [16th c. (imitative): cf. Swedish dangla, Danish dangle]

Daniel /ˈdæniəl/   丹尼尔 [人名]

Daniell cell /ˈdænj(ə)l/ n. Physics & Chem.  a primary voltaic cell with a copper anode and a zinc-amalgam cathode giving a standard electromotive force when either copper sulphate or sulphuric acid is used as the electrolyte 【物理学】【化】丹聂尔电池(一种初级电池) [named after John Daniell, British chemist (d. 1845), its inventor]

Danish /ˈdeiniʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Denmark or the Danes (有关)丹麦的；(有关)丹麦人的 ●n.  1  the Danish language 丹麦语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the Danish people 丹麦人 3 colloq. [口]  = DANISH PASTRY  [Middle English via Anglo-French danes, Old French daneis from medieval Latin Danensis (as DANE)]

Danish blue n.  a soft salty white cheese with blue veins 丹麦青纹干酪

Danish pastry n.  a cake of sweetened yeast pastry topped with icing, fruit, nuts, etc. 丹麦酥饼(一种面上覆盖糖衣、水果、干果等做的甜糕饼)

dank /dæŋk/ adj.  disagreeably damp and cold 阴湿寒冷的 □ dankly  adv.  □ dankness  n.   [Middle English probably from Scandinavian: cf. Swedish dank ‘marshy spot’]

Danny /ˈdæni/   丹尼 [人名]

danse macabre /dɑ:ns məˈkɑ:br(ə), 法 dɑ˜s makabr/ n.  = DANCE OF DEATH  [French (as DANCE, MACABRE)]

danseur /dɑ:nˈsɜ:/ n. (fem. danseuse /-ˈsɜ:z/)  a ballet dancer 芭蕾舞男演员 [French, = dancer]

Dantean /ˈdæntiən, dænˈti:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Dante 但丁的 2  in the style of or reminiscent of Dante's writings 但丁风格的；但丁式的 ●n.  a student or imitator of Dante 但丁研究者；模仿但丁的人 □ Dantesque  /-ˈtesk/ adj.   [Dante Alighieri, Italian poet d. 1321]

danthonia /dænˈθəʊniə/ n. Austral. & NZ  any tufted pasture grass of the genus Danthonia [澳新]扁芒草属植物 [modern Latin: named after E. Danthoine 19th-c. French botanist]

Danube /ˈdænju:b/ n.  多瑙河 [欧洲]

dap /dæp/ v. (dapped, dapping)  1 intr.  fish by letting the bait bob on the water 将饵食轻洒在水面钓鱼 2 tr. & intr.  dip lightly 轻点 3 tr. & intr.  bounce on the ground 弹跳 [cf. DAB1]

Daphne /ˈdæfni/   达夫妮 [人名]

daphne /ˈdæfni/ n.  any flowering shrub of the genus Daphne, e.g. the spurge laurel or mezereon 瑞香属开花灌木(如桂叶芫花、欧亚瑞香) [Middle English, = laurel, from Greek daphnē, Daphnē, the name of a nymph in Greek mythology who escaped Apollo's advances by being changed into a laurel]

daphnia /ˈdæfniə/ n.  a minute freshwater crustacean of the genus Daphnia, enclosed in a transparent carapace and with long antennae and prominent eyes. Also called 亦称作 water flea 水蚤(一种生长在淡水中体形小的甲壳类溞属生物，壳透明、长须、眼突出) [modern Latin from Daphne: see DAPHNE]

dapper /ˈdæpə/ adj.  1  neat and precise, esp. in dress or movement 尤指衣着、步态整洁的，衣冠楚楚的；潇洒的 2  sprightly 轻快的 □ dapperly  adv.  □ dapperness  n.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch dapper ‘strong, stout’]

dapple /ˈdæp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  mark with spots or rounded patches of colour or shade 使起斑纹，使起斑点 2 intr.  become marked in this way 起斑纹 ●n.  1  a dappled effect 斑纹 2  a dappled animal, esp. a horse 有斑纹的动物(尤指马) [Middle English dappled, dappeld, (adj.), of unknown origin]

dapple grey adj. & n. ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) (of an animal's coat) grey or white with darker spots (动物皮毛)有灰(或深色)花斑的 ●n.  a dapple-grey horse 花斑马

dapsone /ˈdæpsəʊn/ n. Pharm.  a bacteriostatic sulphur compound used esp. to treat leprosy 【药】氨苯砜，二氨二苯砜(尤用以治疗麻风病) [chemical name dI (para-aminophenyl) sulphone]

darbies /ˈdɑ:biz/ n. pl. Brit. slang  handcuffs [英] [俚语]手铐 [allusive use of Father Darby's bands, some rigid form of agreement for debtors (16th c.)]

Darby and Joan /ˌdɑ:bi(ə)n ˈdʒəʊn/ n. esp. Brit.  a devoted old married couple [尤英]白头偕老的恩爱夫妻 [18th c.: perhaps from a poem of 1735 in the Gentleman's Magazine]

Darby and Joan club n. Brit.  a club for people over 60 [英]老人俱乐部 (60 岁以上)

dare /dɛə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (3rd sing. Present usu.dare before an expressed or implied infinitive without to 在表示或暗示不带 to 的不定式前第三人称单数现在时通常作 dare; past dared or archaic [古义] or dial. [方] durst /dɜ:st/)  1 (foll. By 后跟 infin. With or without to)  venture (to); have the courage or impudence 敢；竟敢，敢于尝试  dare he do it?  他敢做吗？ If they dare to come  如果他们敢来 how dare you?  你敢如此无礼？ I dare not speak  我不敢说 I do not dare to jump  我不敢跳 2 (usu. Foll. By 通常后跟 to + infin.)  defy or challenge (a person) 敢于面对；公然违抗，向(某人)挑战  I dare you to own up  我谅你也不敢痛痛快快地承认 3 literary  attempt; take the risk of [文学用语]试图；冒…的风险  dare all things  都试一试 dared their anger  敢激怒他们 ●n.  1  an act of daring 大胆行为 2  a challenge, esp. to prove courage (尤指证明勇气的)挑战 □ I dare say   1 (often foll. By 常后跟 that + clause)  it is probable 我想；我看 2  probably; I grant that much 可能；我的确这样认为  I dare say, but you are still wrong  当然，你仍然是错的□ darer  n.   [Old English durran, with Germanic cognates: cf. Sanskrit dhṛsh, Greek tharseō ‘be bold’]

daredevil /ˈdɛədev(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a recklessly daring person 铤而走险的人 ●adj.  recklessly daring 蛮勇的 □ daredevilry  n.  

Dar el Beida /ˈdɑ:relbaiˈdɑ:/ n.  达尔贝达(即 Casablanca 卡萨布兰卡) [摩洛哥港市]

Dar es Salaam /ˈdɑ:rˌessəˈlɑ:m/ n.  达累斯萨拉姆 [坦桑尼亚首都]

darg /dɑ:ɡ/ n. Sc., N. Engl. & Austral. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] [澳]  1  a day's work 一天的工作 2  a definite amount of work; a task 一定量的工作；任务 [Middle English from daywerk or daywark ‘daywork’]

daring /ˈdɛəriŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  adventurous courage 大胆，勇敢 ●adj.  adventurous, bold; prepared to take risks 冒险的；大胆的，勇敢的；敢冒风险的 □ daringly  adv.  

dariole /ˈdæriəʊl/ n.  a savoury or sweet dish cooked and served in a small mould usu. shaped like a flowerpot (形似花盆的)罐子菜；罐子点心 [Middle English from Old French]

Darjeeling /dɑ:ˈdʒi:liŋ/ n.  a high-quality tea from Darjeeling in NE India 大吉岭茶(印度东北部大吉岭产的优质茶)

dark /dɑ:k/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  with little or no light 暗的；阴暗的，黑暗的 2  of a deep or sombre colour (颜色)深的；暗的 3 (of a person) with deep brown or black hair, complexion, or skin (人)有深棕色(或黑色)头发(面容或皮肤)的 4  gloomy, depressing, dismal 阴郁的，压抑的；悲观的  dark thoughts  悲观的思想 5  evil, sinister 邪恶的；阴险的  dark deeds  恶行 6  sullen, angry 愠怒的；愤怒的  a dark mood  愠怒的情绪 7  remote, secret, mysterious, little known 遥远的；秘密的；神秘的，蒙昧的；不知的  the dark and distant past  神秘遥远的过去 keep it dark  保守秘密 8  ignorant, unenlightened 无知的；愚昧的  dark ages  愚昧黑暗时代 ●n.  1  absence of light 黑暗 2  nightfall 黄昏  don't go out after dark  天黑以后别外出 3  a lack of knowledge 无知，愚昧 4  a dark area or colour, esp. in painting (尤指绘画里的)暗部，暗色  the skilled use of lights and darks  熟练地采用亮部和暗部 □ in the dark   1  with little or no light 在暗处 2  lacking information 不知情□ darkish  adj.  □ darkly  adv.  □ darkness  n.  □ darksome  adj. poet.   [Old English deorc, probably from Germanic]

Dark Ages n. pl. (also 亦作 Dark Age) (prec. By 前接 the)  1  the period of European history preceding the Middle Ages, esp. the 5th － 10th c. 黑暗时代(欧洲中世纪的早期，尤指 5 至 10 世纪) 2 (often 常作 dark ages)  any period of supposed unenlightenment 任何愚昧黑暗时期

Dark Continent n. (prec. by 前接 the)  a name for Africa, esp. when little known to Europeans 黑暗大陆(尤指欧洲人在对非洲知之甚少时对非洲的旧称)

darken /ˈdɑ:k(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  make dark or darker 使变暗，使变黑 2 intr.  become dark or darker 变暗，变黑 □ never darken a person's door   keep away permanently 永不登某人的门□ darkener  n.  

dark glasses n. pl.  spectacles with dark-tinted lenses; sunglasses 墨镜，太阳镜

dark horse n.  a little-known person who unexpectedly becomes successful or prominent 黑马(指预料不到的劲敌)

darkie /ˈdɑ:ki/ n. (also 亦作 darky) (pl. -ies) slang offens. [俚语] [冒犯]  a black person 黑人

darkling /ˈdɑ:kliŋ/ adj. & adv. poet.  in the dark; in the night [诗]在(黑)暗中；在晚上

dark matter n. Astron.  hypothetical non-luminous material in space, not detected, but predicted by many cosmological theories 【天】暗物质，黑体(按多种宇宙学理论预言存在于宇宙中的一种(但尚未发现的)不发光物质)

darkroom /ˈdɑ:kru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room for photographic work, with normal light excluded (冲洗底片的)暗室

dark star n.  a starlike object which emits little or no visibile light but is known to exist from other evidence (e.g. by its eclipsing of other stars) 暗星

darky var.  of DARKIE  DARKIE 的变体

darling /ˈdɑ:liŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a beloved or lovable person or thing 心爱的(亲爱的)人(或事) 2  a favourite 中意的东西 3 colloq.  a pretty or endearing person or thing [口]令人钟爱的人(或事) ●adj.  1  beloved, lovable 心爱的，可爱的 2  favourite 中意的 3 colloq.  charming or pretty [口]迷人的，漂亮的 [Old English dēorling (as DEAR, -LING1)]

darn1 /dɑ:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  mend (esp. knitted material, or a hole in it) by interweaving yarn across the hole with a needle 织补(织物或其上的破洞) 2  embroider with a large running stitch (用平伏针迹)刺绣 ●n.  a darned area in material 织补(或缝补)处 [17th c.: perhaps from obsolete dern ‘hide’]

darn2 /dɑ:n/ v. tr., int., adj. & adv. (US also [美亦] durn /dɜ:n/) colloq. [口]  = DAMN(in imprecatory senses 用于诅咒释义)  [corruption of DAMN]

darned /dɑ:nd/ adj. & adv. (US dial. also [美方亦] durned /dɜ:nd/) colloq. [口]  = DAMNED 

darnel /ˈdɑ:n(ə)l/ n.  any of several grasses of the genus Lolium, esp. L. temulentum, a weed of cereal crops esp. in Mediterranean countries 黑麦草属草(尤指生长在地中海一带国家里的毒麦) [Middle English: cf. Walloon darnelle]

darner /ˈdɑ:nə/ n.  a person or thing that darns, esp. a darning needle 缝补人(或物) (尤指缝补针)

darning /ˈdɑ:niŋ/ n.  1  the action of a person who darns 织补 2  things to be darned 需织补的织物

darning needle n.  a long needle with a large eye, used in darning 织补针(一种有大针眼的长针)

Darrell /ˈdærəl/   达雷尔 [人名]

Darren /ˈdærən/   达伦 [人名]

dart /dɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small pointed missile thrown or fired as a weapon 飞镖(作为一种武器) 2  a  a small pointed missile with a feather or plastic flight, used in the game of darts (掷镖游戏中的)镖b (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  an indoor game in which such darts are thrown at a circular target to score points 掷镖游戏 3  a sudden rapid movement 急驰，飞奔 4 Zool.  a dartlike structure, such as an insect's sting or the calcareous projections of a snail (used during copulation) 【动】(昆虫的)螫针，(交尾用的)刺；射器 5  a tapering tuck stitched in a garment (缝纫的)缝褶，捏褶 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, in, past, etc.)  move or go suddenly or rapidly 急冲，突进  darted into the shop  冲进商店 2 tr.  throw (a missile) 投掷(投射物) 3 tr.  direct suddenly (a glance etc.) 飞快投出(一瞥等) [Middle English via Old French darz, dars from Frankish]

dartboard /ˈdɑ:tbɔ:d/ n.  a circular board marked with numbered segments, used as a target in darts (掷镖游戏中的)圆靶

darter /ˈdɑ:tə/ n.  1  a fish-eating diving bird of the genus Anhinga, with a long thin neck 蛇鹈(蛇鹈属潜水鸟，有细长的脖子) 2  any of various small quick-moving freshwater fish of the family Percidae, native to N. America 镖鲈(北美鲈科淡水鱼)

Dartmoor pony /ˈdɑ:tmʊə, -mɔ:/ n.  1  a pony of a small hardy breed with a long shaggy coat in winter 达特穆尔(小型)马 2  this breed 达特穆尔(小型)马种 [Dartmoor in SW England, where the breed originated]

Darwinian /dɑ:ˈwiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Darwin's theory of the evolution of species by the action of natural selection (cf. 参见 NEO-DARWINIAN) 达尔文的； (有关)达尔文主义的 ●n.  an adherent of this theory 达尔文主义的信奉者 □ Darwinism  /ˈdɑ:-/ n.  □ Darwinist  /ˈdɑ:-/ n. & adj.   [from C. Darwin, English naturalist d. 1882]

dash /dæʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  rush hastily or forcefully 以全速快跑，猛冲  dashed up the stairs  冲上楼梯 2 tr.  strike or fling with great force, esp. so as to shatter (尤指使其成碎片)砸碎；掷碎  dashed it to the ground  将它狠狠地碎在地上 the cup was dashed from my hand  杯子失手打碎了 3 tr.  frustrate, daunt, dispirit (使)挫折，使沮丧，使气馁  dashed their hopes  使他们的希望落空 4 tr. Brit. colloq. [英口] (dash it or dash it all)  = DAMNv. 1  ●n.  1  a rush or onset; a sudden advance 突进；突击；冲锋  made a dash for shelter  冲向掩蔽处 2  a horizontal stroke in writing or printing to mark a pause or break in sense or to represent omitted letters or words 破折号(书写或印刷中表示停顿或意思不完整，或表示省略了字词) 3  impetuous vigour or the capacity for this 猛烈的气势；闯劲；勇猛力 4  showy appearance or behaviour; stylishness 浮华的外表(或举止；) 风头 5 N. Amer.  a sprinting race [北美]短跑 6  the longer signal of the two used in Morse code (cf. 参见 DOT1 n. 3) (莫尔斯电码符号的)长划 7  a slight admixture, esp. of a liquid (尤指液体)少量(搀和物) 8  = DASHBOARD  □ cut a dash   make a brilliant show 做出精彩表演，大出风头□ dash down (or off)   write or finish hurriedly 匆匆完成(书写或画) [Middle English, probably imitative]

dashboard /ˈdæʃbɔ:d/ n.  1  the surface below the windscreen of a motor vehicle or aircraft, containing instruments and controls (汽车或飞机的)仪表板 2 hist.  a board of wood or leather in front of a carriage, to keep out mud [史义] (马车等的)挡泥板

dashiki /ˈdɑ:ʃiki/ n.  a loose brightly coloured shirt worn by American blacks (美国黑人穿的)颜色花哨的短袖套衫 [West African, probably Yoruba from Hausa]

dashing /ˈdæʃiŋ/ adj.  1  spirited, lively 有锐气的；活泼的；活跃的 2  stylish 浮华的 □ dashingly  adv.  □ dashingness  n.  

dashpot /ˈdæʃpɒt/ n.  a device for damping shock or vibration 减振器；缓冲器

dassie /ˈdæsi/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a rock hyrax of southern Africa, Procavia capensis also called 亦称作 ROCK RABBIT (非洲南部的)蹄兔 2  a small coastal fish, Diplodus sargus, with a black spot on the tail 重牙鲷，黑尾鱼 [Afrikaans from Dutch dasje, diminutive of das ‘badger’]

dastardly /ˈdæstədli, ˈdɑ:-/ adj.  cowardly, despicable 懦弱地；卑怯地 □ dastardliness  n.   [dastard ‘base coward’, probably from dazed past part. + -ARD, or obsolete dasart ‘dullard, DOTARD’]

dasyure /ˈdæsijʊə/ n.  any small catlike flesh-eating marsupial of the genus Dasyurus 袋猫类动物(袋鼬属，体小，形似家猫的食肉有袋动物) [French from modern Latin dasyurus, Greek dasus ‘rough’ + oura ‘tail’]

DAT abbr. [缩略]  digital audio tape 

data /ˈdeitə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing., although the singular form is strictly datum 尽管严格讲单数形式为 datum, 但 data 亦看作单数)  1  known facts or things used as a basis for inference or reckoning (作为推理、估计的)已知事实(或事情，论据) 2  quantities or characters operated on by a computer etc. (计算机等处理的)数据(或字符) [pl. of DATUM]■Usage 用法说明 (1) In scientific, philosophical, and general use, this word is usually considered to denote a number of items and is thus treated as plural with datum as the singular. (2) In computing and allied subjects (and sometimes in general use), it is treated as a mass (or collective) noun and used with words like this, that, and much, with singular verbs, e.g. useful data has been collected. Some people consider use (2) to be incorrect but it is more common than use (1). However, data is not a singular countable noun and cannot be preceded by a, every, each, either, or neither, or be given a plural form datas. (1) 在科技、哲学及一般用法中， data 通常被认为是指一些项目(条目)，因此当作复数看待；而 datum 则为其单数。 (2) 在计算机及相关的科目中(有时在一般用法中)， data 一般被看作物质(或集合)名词，和 this ， that ， much 等连用，跟单数动词，如 : useful data has been collected (收集了有用的数据)。有人认为用法 (2) 并不正确，然而还是比用法 (1) 用得更多。不过， data 不是单数可数名词，前面不可加 a ， every ， each ， either 或 neither ，也不可在词后用复数形式 datas 。 

data bank n.  1  a store or source of data 数据库(集)；资料库 2  = DATABASE 

database /ˈdeitəbeis/ n.  a structured set of data held in a computer, esp. one that is accessible in various ways (尤指可用多种方式存取的)数据库；资料库

datable /ˈdeitəb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  capable of being dated (to a particular time) (对一特殊时期)可以确定年代的

data capture n.  the action or process of entering data into a computer 数据捕获(或收集) (把数据输入计算机的动作或过程)

data processing n.  a series of operations on data, esp. by a computer, to retrieve or classify etc. information 数据处理(尤指通过计算机检索、分类等) □ data processor  n.  

data protection n. Brit.  legal control over access to data stored in computers [英]数据保护；资料保护

date1 /deit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a day of the month, esp. specified by a number (尤指有具体数字的)日期；年月日 2  a particular day or year, esp. when a given event occurred (尤指特定事件发生时的)特定日期 3  a statement (usu. giving the day, month, and year) in a document or inscription etc., of the time of composition or publication 文件(或署名)上用的日期(通常写上年、月、日) 4  the period to which a work of art etc. belongs (艺术作品等所属的)时代 5  the time when an event happens or is to happen 事件发生(将要发生)的时间 6 colloq. [口]  a  an appointment or social engagement, esp. with a person of the opposite sex (尤指异性之间的)约会(或交往)b esp. N. Amer.  a person with whom one has a social engagement [尤北美]约会者 ●v.  1 tr.  mark with a date 标以日期 2 tr.  a  assign a date to (an object, event, etc.) 记下(某事、某事件等的)日期b (foll. by 后跟 to)  assign to a particular time, period, etc. 属于某一特定时代(时期等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, back to, etc.)  have its origins at a particular time 追朔到 4 intr.  be recognizable as from a past or particular period; become evidently out of date 使具有某一时代特征；过时  a design that does not date  并未过时的样式 5 tr.  indicate or expose as being out of date 使显得过时  that hat really dates you  戴那顶帽子使你显得老气 6 colloq. [口]  a tr.  make an arrangement with (a person) to meet socially 与(某人)约会b intr.  meet socially by agreement 约会  they are now dating regularly  他们现在一直在定期约会 □ to date   until now 迄今为止 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin data, fem. past part. of dare ‘give’: from the Latin formula used in dating letters, data (epistola) ‘(letter) given or delivered’ (at a particular time or place)]

date2 /deit/ n.  1  a dark oval single-stoned fruit 枣 2 (in full 全称 date palm)  the tall tree Phoenix dactylifera, native to W. Asia and N. Africa, bearing this fruit (生长在西亚、北非地区的)海枣(枣椰)树 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dactylus, from Greek daktulos ‘finger’, from the shape of its leaf]

datebook /ˈdeitbʊk/ n. N. Amer.  an engagement diary [北美]记事本

dateless /ˈdeitlis/ adj.  1  having no date 无日期的 2  of immemorial age 无期限的 3  not likely to become out of date 不可能过时的，永恒的

date line n.  1 (作 Date Line) (in full 全称 International Date Line)  an imaginary north-south line through the Pacific Ocean, mainly along the meridian furthest from Greenwich, to the east of which the date is a day earlier than it is to the west 国际日期变更线，国际改日线 2  a line at the head of a dispatch or special article in a newspaper showing the date and place of writing (表明电讯发稿日期地点的)电头

date rape n.  the rape of a girl or woman by a person with whom she is on a date 约会强奸

date stamp n. & v. ●n.  1  an adjustable rubber stamp etc. used to record a date (可调日期，用橡皮等制做的)邮戳章 2  the impression made by this 邮戳 ●v. tr. (作 date-stamp)  mark with a date stamp 加盖邮戳

dative /ˈdeitiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating an indirect object or recipient 间接宾语，与格 ●adj.  of or in the dative 间接宾语的，与格的 □ datival  /dəˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin (casus) dativus, from dare dat- ‘give’]

datum /ˈdeitəm/ n. (pl. data: see 见 DATA)  1  a piece of information 数据，资料；信息 2  a thing known or granted; an assumption or premiss from which inferences may be drawn (see 见 SENSE DATUM) 论据，论据事实； (所推断出的)假设，前提 3  a fixed starting point of a scale etc. 基准；(刻度等的)基点  datum line  基准线 [Latin, = thing given, neut. past part. of dare ‘give’]

datura /dəˈtjʊərə/ n.  any poisonous plant of the genus Datura, e.g. the thorn apple 曼陀罗属植物(如山楂) [modern Latin from Hindi dhatura]

daub /dɔ:b/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  spread (paint, plaster, or some other thick substance) crudely or roughly on a surface 在…上粗略涂抹(油漆、灰泥或其他黏稠物) 2  coat or smear (a surface) with paint etc. (在表面)涂抹油漆(或颜料等) 3  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  paint crudely or unskilfully 乱涂，乱画b  lay (colours) on crudely and clumsily 胡乱涂抹(颜料) ●n.  1  paint or other substance daubed on a surface 涂料(颜料或其他黏稠物) 2  plaster, clay, etc., for coating a surface, esp. mixed with straw and applied to laths or wattles to form a wall (尤指抹墙的)灰泥(泥土等) 3  a crude painting 拙劣的画 [Middle English via Old French dauber from Latin dealbare ‘whitewash’, from albus ‘white’]

daube /dəʊb/ n.  a stew of braised meat (usu. beef) with wine etc. (加酒等)炖肉(通常为牛肉) [French]

dauber /ˈdɔ:bə/ n.  a person or implement that daubs, esp. in painting (尤指用油漆的)涂鸦者；涂抹工具

daughter /ˈdɔ:tə/ n.  1  a girl or woman in relation to either or both of her parents 女儿 2  a female descendant 女性后裔 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a female member of a family, nation, etc. (家族或民族等的)妇女 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a woman who is regarded as the spiritual descendant of, or as spiritually attached to, a person or thing (人或物的女后裔) 5  a product or attribute personified as a daughter in relation to its source (拟人化用法中)表示阴性的产物  Fortune and its daughter Confidence  有命运之神就有自信 6 Physics  a nuclide formed by the radioactive decay of another 【物理学】子体，放射性衰变产物 7 Biol.  a cell etc. formed by the division etc. of another 【生】(细胞等的)子代 □ daughterhood  n.  □ daughterly  adj.   [Old English dohtor, from Germanic]

daughter-in-law n. (pl. daughters-in-law)  the wife of one's son 儿媳

daunt /dɔ:nt/ v. tr.  discourage, intimidate 使气馁(沮丧；) 胁迫 □ daunting  adj.  □ dauntingly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French daunter, Old French danter, donter from Latin domitare, frequentative of domare ‘tame’]

dauntless /ˈdɔ:ntlis/ adj.  intrepid, persevering 无畏的，不屈不挠的 □ dauntlessly  adv.  □ dauntlessness  n.  

dauphin /ˈdɔ:fin, ˈdəʊfã/ n. hist.  the eldest son of the King of France [史义] (法国)王储，王太子 [Middle English from French, ultimately from Latin delphinus DOLPHIN, as a family name]

Dave /deiv/   戴夫 [人名]

Davenport /ˈdæv(ə)npɔ:t/ n.  1 Brit.  an ornamental writing desk with drawers and a sloping surface for writing [英] (一种斜桌面带有抽屉及装饰的) (翻板)写字桌 2 US  a large heavily upholstered sofa [美] (大型)长沙发 [probably from Capt. Davenport, for whom early examples of this type of desk were made in the late 18th c.]

David /ˈdeivid/   戴维 [人名]

davit /ˈdævit, ˈdeiv-/ n.  a small crane on board a ship, esp. one of a pair for suspending or lowering a lifeboat (尤指升降救生艇的)吊艇柱(或杆) [Anglo-French & Old French daviot, diminutive of Davi ‘David’]

Davy /ˈdeivi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 Davy lamp)  a miner's safety lamp with the flame enclosed by wire gauze to reduce the risk of an explosion of gas 戴维(安全)灯(矿工所带的一种安全灯，金属丝网将火焰包在里面，以防止瓦斯爆炸) [named after Sir H. Davy, English chemist (d. 1829) who invented it]

Davy Jones /deivi ˈdʒəʊnz/ n. slang [俚语]  1 (in full 全称 Davy Jones's locker)  the bottom of the sea, esp. regarded as the grave of those drowned at sea 海底(尤指葬身海底) 2  the evil spirit of the sea 海神；海妖 [18th c.: origin unknown]

daw /dɔ:/ n.  = JACKDAW  [Middle English: related to Old High German tɑˉha]

dawdle /ˈdɔ:d(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  walk slowly and idly 游手好闲b  delay; waste time 拖延；混日子 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  waste (time) 浪费(时间) ●n.  an act or instance of dawdling 懒散；闲混 □ dawdler  n.   [perhaps related to dialect daddle, doddle ‘idle, dally’]

Dawn /dɔ:n/   唐 [人名]

dawn /dɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the first light of day; daybreak 黎明，拂晓，破晓 2  the beginning or incipient appearance of something 开始；发端，端倪 ●v. intr.  1 (of a day) begin; grow light (天)破晓，露出曙光 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  begin to become evident or understood (by a person) 渐悟，渐渐(被某人)明白 [originally as verb: back-formation from dawning, Middle English from earlier dawing influenced by similar Scandinavian words: related to DAY]

dawn chorus n.  the singing of many birds at the break of day 晨噪，破晓鸟鸣

dawning /ˈdɔ:niŋ/ n.  1  daybreak 拂晓，黎明 2  the first beginning of something 开端，端倪

dawn redwood n.  a Chinese deciduous coniferous tree, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, of a genus first known only from fossils (落叶针树，最先是从化石中得知的)水杉

day /dei/ n.  1  the time between sunrise and sunset 白昼 2  a  a period of 24 hours as a unit of time, esp. from midnight to midnight, corresponding to a complete revolution of the earth on its axis 一日(地球旋转一周，尤指从午夜到午夜的 24 小时)b  a corresponding period on other planets 恒星日  Martian day  火星日 3  daylight 日光，阳光  clear as day  一清二楚 4  the time in a day during which work is normally done 工作日  an eight-hour day  8 小时工作日 5  a (also 亦作 pl.)  a period of the past or present (过去或现在的)日子  the modern day  现时 the old days  昔时b (prec. by 前接 the)  the present time 现今；当前  the issues of the day  当前的问题 6  the lifetime of a person or thing, esp. regarded as useful or productive 某人(或某物)一生(尤指年轻有为时期)  have had my day  我已过巅峰全盛时期 in my day things were different  在我年轻的时候，情况就不同 7  a point of time 某一天  will do it one day  总有一天要做 8  the date of a particular festival or event 一个特殊节日(事件)的日期  graduation day  毕业日 pay day  发薪日 Christmas Day  圣诞节 9  a particular date; a date agreed on 特殊日；约定日 10  a day's endeavour, or the period of an endeavour, esp. as bringing success (尤指获得成功的)一天(或一段时间)  win the day  获胜 □ all in a (or the) day's work   part of normal routine 习以为常的；不足为奇的□ at the end of the day  esp. Brit.  in the final reckoning, when all is said and done [尤英]最终；到头来；工作完成之时□ call it a day   end a period of activity, esp. resting content that enough has been done (尤指认为一天的工作量已够而)收工；结束当天的活动，到此为止□ day after day   without respite 日复一日□ day and night   all the time 日日夜夜□ day by day   gradually 天天□ day in, day out   routinely, constantly 不论昼夜，日复一日，不间断地□ day of rest   the sabbath 安息日□ from day one   from the beginning 从头开始□ not one's day   a day of successive misfortunes for a person 某人倒霉(或不走运)的一天□ one of these days   before very long 不久前；总有一天□ one of those days   a day when things go badly 倒霉的一天□ that will be the day  colloq.  that will never happen [口]那样的事决不会发生□ this day and age   the present time or period 当今□ dayless  adj.   [Old English dœg, from Germanic]

Dayak var.  of DYAK  DYAK 的变体

daybed /ˈdeibed/ n.  a bed for daytime rest 坐卧两用沙发

daybook /ˈdeibʊk/ n.  an account book in which a day's transactions are entered, for later transfer to a ledger 交易日记账

day-boy n. (fem. day-girl) Brit.  a boy or girl who goes daily from home to school, esp. a school that also has boarders [英] (尤指寄宿学校的)走读生

daybreak /ˈdeibreik/ n.  the first appearance of light in the morning 黎明，拂晓

day care n. (often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  1  the supervision of young children during the working day (小孩)日托 2  the care provided by a day centre 日托服务

day centre n. (also 亦作 day care centre)  a place providing care for the elderly or handicapped during the day (年迈者、残疾人的)日托中心

daydream /ˈdeidri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  pleasant fantasy or reverie 白日梦 ●v. intr.  indulge in this 空想 □ daydreamer  n.  

Day-Glo /ˈdeiɡləʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. propr.  a make of fluorescent paint or other colouring [商标]“日辉牌”荧光漆 ●adj.  coloured with or like this (似)“日辉牌”荧光漆的 [DAY + GLOW]

day labourer n.  an unskilled labourer hired by the day (无需技能按日计酬的)零工

daylight /ˈdeilait/ n.  1  the light of day 日光 2  dawn 天明，白昼  before daylight  天明前 3  a  openness, publicity 公开；发表b  open knowledge 光明 4  a visible gap or interval, e.g. between boats in a race (如竞赛中船与船之间可见的)间隔 5 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  one's life or consciousness (originally the internal organs) esp. as representing vulnerability to fear, attack, etc. [口] (原为内脏器官的)活动力；(尤指表现为对恐惧、攻击等时的)知觉，神志  scared the daylights out of me  我被吓昏了头 beat the living daylights out of them  把他们痛打一顿 □ see daylight   begin to understand what was previously obscure 弄明白

daylight robbery n. Brit. colloq.  a blatantly excessive charge [英口]明目张胆的劫夺(一眼看穿的过高要价)

daylight saving n.  the achieving of longer evening daylight, esp. in summer, by setting the time an hour ahead of the standard time 日光节约时间(尤指夏季把标准时间提前一小时，以充分利用黄昏日光)

daylight time n. esp. N. Amer.  time as adjusted for daylight saving (cf. 参见 SUMMER TIME) [尤北美]夏令时

day lily n.  any plant of the genus Hemerocallis, whose flowers last only a day 萱草属植物

day-long adj.  lasting for a day 整日的，整天的

day nursery n.  a nursery where children are looked after during the working day 日间托儿所

Day of Atonement n.  the most solemn religious fast of the Jewish year, ten days after the Jewish New Year 赎罪日(犹太人一年中最隆重的宗教斋戒节，在犹太新年后 10 天)

day off n.  a day's holiday from work 休假日

Day of Judgement n.  = JUDGEMENT DAY 

day of obligation n. Eccl.  a day on which all are required to attend Mass or Communion 【教会】须停止工作去做礼拜的日子

day of reckoning n.  the time when something must be atoned for or avenged 赎罪日；复仇日

day out n. Brit.  a trip or excursion for a day [英] (一日的)外出远足

day owl n.  any owl hunting by day esp. the short-eared owl (尤指短耳、日间捕食的)昼枭

daypack /ˈdeipæk/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DAYSACK 

day release n. Brit.  a system of allowing employees days off work for education [英]职工脱产学习制度

day return n. Brit.  a fare or ticket at a reduced rate for a journey out and back in one day [英] (票价较低的)当天往返车票(或车费)

day room n.  a room, esp. a communal room in an institution, used during the day (尤指机关单位白天使用的)公共休息室

daysack /ˈdeisæk/ n. Brit.  a small rucksack for use on one-day hikes [英] (供一日远足用的)小帆布背包

day school n.  a school for pupils living at home 走读学校

dayside /ˈdeisaid/ n.  1 US  staff, esp. of a newspaper, who work during the day [美] (尤指报社上白班的)日班人员 2 Astron.  the side of a planet that faces the sun 【天】(行星的)白昼侧

daytime /ˈdeitaim/ n.  the part of the day when there is natural light 白天，日间

day-to-day adj.  mundane, routine 世俗的；日常事务的，例行公事的

day trip n.  a trip or excursion completed in one day 一日游 □ day tripper  n. Brit. [英]  一日游者

daywork /ˈdeiwɜ:k/ n.  work paid for according to the time taken 日工；按时计酬的工作

daze /deiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  stupefy, bewilder 使茫然，使发昏 ●n.  a state of confusion or bewilderment 困惑，茫然  in a daze  茫然地 □ dazedly  /-zidli/ adv.   [Middle English dased past part., from Old Norse dasathr ‘weary’]

dazzle /ˈdæz(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  blind temporarily or confuse the sight of by an excess of light (因强光)使耀(眼)，使眼花 2 tr.  impress or overpower (a person) with knowledge, ability, or any brilliant display or prospect (因知识、能力、灿烂夺目的展示或情景而)使(人)眼花缭乱 3 intr. archaic (of eyes) be dazzled [古义] (目)眩，(眼)花 ●n.  bright confusing light 耀眼的光 □ dazzlement  n.  □ dazzler  n.  □ dazzling  adj.  □ dazzlingly  adv.   [Middle English, from DAZE + -LE4]

dB abbr. [缩略]  decibel(s) 

DBE abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)高级英帝国女勋爵士

DBS abbr. [缩略]  1  direct-broadcast satellite 直播用卫星 2  direct broadcasting by satellite 卫星直播

DC abbr. [缩略]  1 (also 亦作 dc)  direct current  2  District of Columbia 哥伦比亚特区 3  da capo  4  District Commissioner 区行政长官；区专员

DCB abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)高级巴思女勋爵士

DCL abbr.  Doctor of Civil Law [缩略]民法博士

DCM abbr. (in the UK) Distinguished Conduct Medal [缩略] (英国)特等军功章

DCMG abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)高级圣迈克尔和圣乔治女勋爵士

DCVO abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)维多利亚女勋爵士

DD abbr.  Doctor of Divinity [缩略]神学博士

D-Day /ˈdi:dei/ n.  1  the day (6 June 1944) on which Allied forces invaded northern France (1944 年 6 月 6 日第二次世界大战中盟军在法国北部发起反攻的)反攻日 2  the day on which an important operation is to begin or a change to take effect 发生重大行动的日子；变革生效日 [D for day + DAY]

ddC abbr.  dideoxycytidine, a drug intended for use in the treatment of Aids [缩略]双脱氧胞苷(用于治疗艾滋病的药物)

ddI abbr.  dideoxyinosine, a drug intended for use in the treatment of Aids [缩略]双脱氧肌苷(用于治疗艾滋病的药物)

DDR abbr. hist.  German Democratic Republic [缩略] [史义]德意志民主共和国 [German Deutsche Demokratische Republik]

DDT abbr.  dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, a synthetic organic compound used as an insecticide, but now widely banned for its damaging effects on wildlife [缩略]二氯二苯基三氯乙烷，滴滴涕(一种杀虫剂，由于对野生动植物有致命后果，现已被禁止使用)

DE abbr. US  Delaware (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]特拉华州(正式邮政用语)

de- /di:, di/ prefix  1  forming verbs and their derivatives 构成动词及其派生词 :a  down, away (descend 下降 ; deduct 扣除) 向下；离开b  completely (declare 断言 ; denude 使裸露 ; deride 嘲笑) 完全 2  added to verbs and their derivatives to form verbs and nouns implying removal or reversal (decentralize 分散 ; de-ice 除冰 ; demoralization 道德颓废) 加在动词或其派生词前，构成动词或名词，表示“除去”；“颠倒”；“反转” [from or suggested by Latin de (adv. & prep.) = off, from: sense 2 via Old French des- from Latin dis-]

deaccession /di:əkˈseʃ(ə)n/ v. tr. (of a museum, library, etc.) sell (a work) (博物馆、图书馆等)出售(收藏品)

deacon /ˈdi:k(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in episcopal Churches) a minister of the third order, below bishop and priest (新教圣公会中的)会吏；副祭(英国教会中地位低于主教和神父者) 2 (in Nonconformist Churches) a lay officer attending to a congregation's secular affairs (非国教的)助祭 3 (in the early Church) an appointed minister of charity (早期教会中慈善团体的)执事 ●v. tr.  appoint or ordain as a deacon 指定(或授予)副祭 □ deaconate  n.  □ deaconship  n.  执事职位 [Old English diacon via ecclesiastical Latin diaconus from Greek diakonos ‘servant’]

deaconess /di:kəˈnes, ˈdi:k(ə)nis/ n.  a woman in the early Church and in some modern Churches with functions analogous to a deacon's (在早期和一些现代教堂中的)女执事 [DEACON, suggested by Late Latin diaconissa]

deactivate /di:ˈæktiveit/ v. tr.  make inactive or less reactive 使无效；使减活化 □ deactivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deactivator  n.  

dead /ded/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  no longer alive 死亡的；死一般的 2 colloq.  extremely tired or unwell [口]极端疲倦(或不舒服)的 3  benumbed; affected by loss of sensation 麻木的；无感觉的  my fingers are dead  我手指麻木 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  unappreciative or unconscious of; insensitive to 无欣赏力的；意识不到的；对…不灵敏的 5  no longer effective or in use; obsolete, extinct 失效的；已废的；淘汰的；破灭的 6 (of a match, of coal, etc.) no longer burning; extinguished (火柴、煤等)不再燃烧的；已熄灭的 7  inanimate 无生气的 8  a  lacking force or vigour; dull, lustreless, muffled 缺乏力量(或活力)的；呆滞的；无光泽的；无声响的b (of sound) not resonant (声音)沉闷的c (of sparkling wine etc.) no longer effervescent (汽酒等饮料)不冒泡的；走了味的 9  a  quiet; lacking activity 寂静的；呆滞的  the dead season  淡季b  motionless, idle 不动的，闲着的 10  a (of a microphone, telephone, etc.) not transmitting any sound, esp. because of a fault (话筒、电话等由于故障)听不到声音的b (of a circuit, conductor, etc.) carrying or transmitting no current; not connected to a source of electricity (线路、导体等的)不带电(或不传送电)的  a dead battery  用完的电池 11 (of the ball in a game) out of play (球戏中的球)死球的，被判无效的 12  abrupt, complete, exact, unqualified, unrelieved 突然的；完全的；绝对的；不合格的；未经解除的  come to a dead stop  完全停止 a dead faint  突然昏厥 a dead calm  全然无风 in dead silence  寂静无声 a dead certainty  绝对确实 13  without spiritual life 无生气的 ●adv.  1  absolutely, exactly, completely 绝对地；确切地；完全地  dead on target  正中目标 dead level  十分平整 dead tired  精疲力竭 2 Brit. colloq.  very, extremely [英口]十分；极端  dead good  极好 dead easy  十分容易 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  those who have died 死者 2  a time of silence or inactivity 最寂静的时刻  the dead of night  夜晚万籁俱静之时，深夜 □ dead as the (or a) dodo   see 见 DODO □ dead as a doornail   see 见 DOORNAIL □ dead from the neck up  colloq.  stupid [口]愚笨的□ dead to the world  colloq.  fast asleep; unconscious [口]熟睡；失去知觉□ make a dead set at   see 见 SET2 □ wouldn't be seen dead in (or with etc.)  colloq.  shall refuse to wear etc.; shall have nothing to do with [口]拒绝穿(戴等；) 与…绝无干系□ deadness  n.   [Old English dēad from Germanic, related to DIE1]

dead-and-alive adj. Brit. (of a place, person, activity, etc.) dull, monotonous; lacking interest [英] (地方、人、活动等)沉闷的，单调的；没有生气的

dead-ball line n. Rugby  a line behind the goal line beyond which the ball is considered out of play 【英式橄榄球】死球线

dead bat n. Cricket  a bat held loosely so that it imparts no motion to the ball when struck 【板球】(握得不紧、击不出球的)死球板

deadbeat /ˈdedbi:t/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. 通常作 dead beat /-ˈbi:t/ when predic.)  1 colloq.  exhausted [口]精疲力竭的 2 Physics (of an instrument or clock escapement) without recoil 【物理学】(仪器或钟表的擒纵轮)不摆的 ●n.  1 colloq.  an idle, feckless, or disreputable person [口]游手好闲者，无精打采的人，声名狼藉的人 2 US slang  a person constantly in debt [美] [俚语]赖账不还的人

deadbolt /ˈdedbəʊlt/ n. esp. US  a bolt engaged by turning a knob or key, rather than by spring action [尤美]死拴，锁定插销

dead centre n.  1  the exact centre 正中心 2  the position of a crank etc. in line with the connecting rod and not exerting torque (曲轴等与连杆在同一位置时的)死点

dead cert Brit. [英]  see 见 CERT 

dead duck n. colloq.  an unsuccessful or useless person or thing [口]不成功(或没有用的)人(或物)

deaden /ˈded(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  deprive of or lose vitality, force, brightness, sound, feeling, etc. 丧失(活力、力气、智慧、声音、感情等) 2 tr. (foll. by 后接 to)  make insensitive 使无感觉，使麻木 □ deadener  n.  

dead end n.  1  a closed end of a road, passage, etc. (道路、通道等的)尽头；终端；死胡同 2 (often, with hyphen, attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  a situation offering no prospects of progress or advancement 绝境，僵局

deadeye /ˈdedai/ n.  1 Naut.  a circular wooden block with a groove round the circumference to take a lanyard, used singly or in pairs to tighten a shroud 【海】三眼滑轮；三眼木饼 2 US colloq.  an expert marksman [美口]神射手

deadfall /ˈdedfɔ:l/ n. N. Amer.  a trap in which a raised weight is made to fall on and kill esp. large game [北美] (尤指大型狩猎中以重物落下压住或砸死猎物的)陷阱

dead hand n.  an oppressive persisting influence, esp. posthumous control 过去对现今的持久影响(尤指不散的阴魂)

dead-head n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a faded flower head [英]已凋谢的花朵，枯萎的花朵 2 colloq.  a passenger or member of an audience who has made use of a free ticket [口] (持有优待券的)免费乘客或观众 3 colloq.  a useless or unenterprising person [口]无进取心(或无用)的人 ●v.  1 tr.  remove dead-heads from (a plant) 摘去(植物的)枯花 2 intr. US colloq. (of a driver etc.) complete a journey with an empty train, bus, etc. [美口] (司机等) (火车、汽车等)开空车返回；放空车

dead heat n. & v. ●n.  1  a race in which two or more competitors finish exactly level 胜负不分的赛跑，同时到达终点的赛跑 2  the result of such a race 不分胜负 ●v. intr. (作 dead-heat)  run a dead heat 同时到达终点

dead language n.  a language no longer spoken, e.g. Latin 死语言(如拉丁语)

dead letter n.  1  a law or practice no longer observed or recognized 已废的法律规定；已停止的做法 2  an unclaimed or undelivered letter (无人认领或无法投递的)死信，无着信

dead lift n.  the exertion of one's utmost strength to lift something 拼全力的一举

deadlight /ˈdedlait/ n.  1 Naut.  a shutter inside a porthole 【海】舷舱内盖；甲板厚玻璃窗 2 US  a skylight that cannot be opened [美]固定天窗

deadline /ˈdedlain/ n.  1  a time limit for the completion of an activity etc. (活动等完成的)最后期限，截止日期 2 hist.  a line beyond which prisoners were not allowed to go [史义]监狱周围的死线

deadlock /ˈdedlɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a situation, esp. one involving opposing parties, in which no progress can be made (尤指与对立面的)僵局 2  a type of lock requiring a key to open or close it 死锁，单闩锁 ●v. tr. & intr.  bring or come to a standstill 使停顿，停止，(使)僵持

dead loss n.  1 colloq.  a useless person or thing [口]无用的人(或物) 2  a complete loss 彻底失败；纯损

deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (deadlier, deadliest)  1  a  causing or able to cause fatal injury or serious damage 要命的，致命的b  poisonous 有毒的  deadly snake  毒蛇 2  intense, extreme 剧烈的，极端的  deadly dullness  难以忍受的沉闷 3 (of an aim etc.) extremely accurate or effective (瞄准等)极度准确的，极为有效的 4  deathlike 像死人似的  deadly pale  死一样的苍白 deadly faintness  极度衰弱 deadly gloom  死一般的阴沉 5 colloq.  dreary, dull [口]沉闷的，呆滞的 6  implacable 难宽恕的 ●adv.  1  like death; as if dead 像死一样地  deadly faint  极度地衰弱 2  extremely, intensely 极端地，剧烈地  deadly serious  极度认真 □ deadliness  n.   [Old English dēadlic, dēadlīce (as DEAD, -LY1)]

deadly nightshade n.  a highly poisonous plant, Atropa belladonna, with drooping purple flowers and black cherry-like fruit Also called 亦称作 BELLADONNA or dwale 颠茄

deadly sin n.  a sin regarded as leading to damnation, esp. pride, covetousness, lust, gluttony, envy, anger, and sloth 应受天罚的(七)大罪(尤指骄傲、贪婪、邪欲、暴食、忌妒、愤怒、懒惰)

dead man's fingers n.  1  a kind of orchis, Orchis mascula 雄红门兰 2  any soft coral of the genus Alcyonium, with spiny lobes 腐指(海鸡冠属) 3  the finger-like divisions of a lobster's or crab's gills (龙虾或蟹的鳃)指状分叉

dead man's handle n. (also 亦作 dead man's pedal)  a controlling device esp. on an electric train, allowing power to be connected only as long as the operator presses on it (尤指电气火车的驾驶员一按就可接通电源的)安全手柄；警惕手柄

dead march n.  a funeral march 送葬曲，丧礼进行曲

dead men n. pl. colloq.  bottles after the contents have been drunk [口]空酒瓶

dead nettle n.  a plant of the genus Lamium or a related genus of the mint family, having nettle-like leaves but without stinging hairs 野芝麻，野芝麻属植物(叶似荨麻而无刺)

dead on adj.  exactly right 绝对正确

deadpan /ˈdedpæn/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. & adv.  with a face or manner totally lacking expression or emotion 毫无表情的面容(的)，冷面孔(的) ●v. (deadpanned, deadpanning)  1 intr.  speak or behave in a deadpan manner 不带感情色彩地说(或做) 2 tr.  say or behave towards in a deadpan manner 对…不露声色地说(或做)

dead reckoning n.  calculation of a ship's position from the log, compass, etc., when observations are impossible (根据测程仪、罗盘等的)推测领航

dead ringer  see 见 RINGER 

dead set n.  a determined attack or attempt 猛烈的攻击；坚决的立场

dead shot n.  person who shoots extremely accurately 神枪手

deadstock /ˈdedstɒk/ n.  farm machinery 农具，农业机械 [in contrast to livestock]

dead time n. Physics  the period after the recording of a pulse etc. when the detector is unable to record another 【物理学】死时间(记录脉冲等后的一段时间)；空档时间

dead weight n. (also 亦作 dead-weight)  1  a  an inert mass (物体的)静止重量b  a heavy weight or burden 沉重的重量；重负，累赘 2  a debt not covered by assets 资产不足以抵债的债务 3  the total weight carried on a ship (船的)总载重量

dead wood n. colloq.  one or more useless people or things [口]无用(或冗赘)人员；废物，废料

de-aerate /di:ˈɛəreit/ v. tr.  remove air from 除去空气 □ de-aeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deaf /def/ adj.  1  wholly or partly without hearing 聋的，失聪的  deaf in one ear  一耳失聪 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  refusing to listen or comply 不听；不理会 3  insensitive to harmony, rhythm, etc. 对(和声、节奏等)感觉迟钝的  tone-deaf  不能(或不善于)辨别音高的 □ deaf as a post   completely deaf 全聋□ fall on deaf ears   be ignored 不被理睬，置若罔闻□ turn a deaf ear  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be unresponsive 充耳不闻，不加理睬□ deafness  n.   [Old English dēaf, from Germanic]

deaf aid n. Brit.  a hearing aid [英]助听器

deaf-and-dumb alphabet n. (also 亦作 deaf-and-dumb language etc.)  finger alphabet; sign language 手语字母；(聋哑人用的)手势语■Usage 用法说明 Sign language is the preferred term in official use. 在正式用法中，人们更愿用手势语 sign language 这一术语。 

deaf-blind adj. (of a person) both deaf and blind (人)又聋又哑的

deafen /ˈdef(ə)n/ v. tr.  1 (often as 常作 deafening adj.)  overpower with sound (一阵子)淹没(声音) 2  deprive of hearing by noise, esp. temporarily (尤指暂时地)震聋 □ deafeningly  adv.  

deaf mute n.  a person who is both deaf and dumb 聋哑者(人)■Usage 用法说明 The term deaf mute is now generally avoided in favour of the term profoundly deaf. If complete unambiguity is needed, deaf without speech can be used. 人们现在一般都避而不用 deaf mute ，而用 profoundly deaf 。如果需要明确表示，可说 deaf without speech 。 

deal1 /di:l/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. dealt /delt/)  1 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  take measures concerning (a problem, person, etc.), esp. in order to put something right (对问题、人等)处置，处理b (foll. by 后跟 with)  do business with; associate with 打交道；交往c (foll. by 后跟 with)  discuss or treat (a subject) 讨论，处理(某问题)d (often foll. by 后跟 by)  behave in a specified way towards a person 对付，对待  dealt honourably by them  对他们敬重 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  sell or be concerned with commercially 经营；交易  deals in insurance  经营保险业 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, or Brit. [英] round)  distribute or apportion to several people etc. 分发，分配(给数人等) 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  distribute (cards) to players for a game or round 发(纸牌) 5 tr.  cause to be received; administer 使遭到；给予，施予  deal a heavy blow  给予沉重的打击 6 tr.  assign as a share or deserts to a person (将每人应得的一份)分给；分派  Providence dealt them much happiness  上天给与他们许多幸福 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in) colloq.  include (a person) in an activity [口]包括(某人)在内  you can deal me in  你可把我算在内 ●n.  1 (usu. 通常作 a good or great deal)  a  a large amount 大量；诸多  a good deal of trouble  大量麻烦b  to a considerable extent 很；非常  is a great deal better  好得多 2  a business arrangement; a transaction 商业约定；交易 3  a specified form of treatment given or received 对待，待遇  gave them a rough deal  给予他们不公平的待遇 got a fair deal  得到公平的待遇 4  a  the distribution of cards by dealing 发牌b  a player's turn to do this 轮到发牌  it's my deal  该我发牌c  the round of play following this 牌戏的一局d  a set of hands dealt to players 一手牌 □ it's a deal  colloq.  expressing assent to an agreement [口]同意所提条件 [Old English dœˉl, dœˉlan, from Germanic]

deal2 /di:l/ n.  1  fir or pine timber, esp. sawn into boards of a standard size (符合尺寸的)冷杉木板(或松木板) 2  a  a board of this timber 冷杉木板(或松木板)b  such boards collectively (总称)冷杉木(松木)板 [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch dele ‘plank’, from Germanic]

dealer /ˈdi:lə/ n.  1  a person or business dealing in (esp. retail) goods (尤指零售)商人  contact your dealer  和你的零售商联系 car-dealer  汽车交易商 a dealer in tobacco  烟草商 2  the player dealing at cards 发牌人 3  a jobber on the Stock Exchange 证券交易人 □ dealership  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  ■Usage 用法说明 The term dealer in sense 3 was officially replaced by broker-dealer in 1986 (see Usage Note at BROKER). 从 1986 年起，用于释义 3 中的 dealer 正式改用 broker dealer (见 BROKER 的用法说明)。 

dealings /ˈdi:liŋs/ n. pl.  contacts or transactions, esp. in business (尤指商业)交易，生意 □ have dealings with   associate with 和…有关系；有联系

dealt past and past part.  of DEAL1 

Dean /di:n/   迪安 [人名]

dean1 /di:n/ n.  1  a  the head of the chapter of a cathedral or collegiate church 枢机主教长；大教堂的祭司长；教堂的执事长b (usu. 通常作 rural dean) Brit.  a member of the clergy exercising supervision over a group of parochial clergy within a division of an archdeaconry [英]乡村主任牧师；地方执事(拥有教区分区的管辖权) 2  a  a college or university official, esp. one of several fellows of a college, with disciplinary and advisory functions (大学的)学院院长b  the head of a university faculty or department or of a medical school 教务长；系主任；医学院院长 3  = DOYEN  [Middle English via Anglo-French deen, Old French deien from Late Latin decanus, from decem ‘ten’; originally = chief of a group of ten]

dean2 var.  of DENE1  DENE1 的变体

deanery /ˈdi:n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a dean's house or office 地方执事(学院院长、系主任)的住宅(或办公室) 2 Brit.  the group of parishes presided over by a rural dean [英]乡区牧师管辖的教区

Dean of Faculty n.  the president of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland (苏格兰)律师联合会会长

dear /diə/ adj., n., adv. & int. ●adj.  1  a  beloved or much esteemed 心爱的；十分敬重的b  as a merely polite or ironic form 作为一种礼貌(或讽刺)称呼的  my dear man  我的老兄 2  used as a formula of address, esp. at the beginning of letters (一般书信中抬头称呼)亲爱的  Dear Sir  亲爱的先生 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  precious; much cherished 珍贵的；珍爱的 4 (usu. in 通常用 superl.)  earnest, deeply felt 热心的；真诚的  my dearest wish  我最真诚的愿望 5  a  high-priced relative to its value 昂贵的b  having high prices 高价的c (of money) available as a loan only at a high rate of interest (钱)以高利率贷款的 ●n. (esp. as a form of address) dear person (尤作为称呼形式)亲爱的人 ●adv.  at a high price or great cost 高价地；昂贵地  buy cheap and sell dear  低价买入，高价卖出 will pay dear  将付出极大代价 ●int.  expressing surprise, dismay, pity, etc. (表示惊愕、惊慌、失望、怜悯等)哎呀，唷  dear me!  天哪！ oh dear!  哎呀！ dear, dear!  哎呀妈呀！ □ for dear life   see 见 LIFE □ dearness  n.   [Old English dēore, from Germanic]

dearie /ˈdiəri/ n. (esp. as a form of address 尤作为一种称呼) usu. joc. or iron.  my dear [通常诙] [讽]亲爱的 □ dearie me!  int.  expressing surprise, dismay, etc. 哎呀；天哪！ (表示惊愕、失望等)

Dear John n. colloq.  a letter terminating a personal relationship [口]绝情信，绝交信

dearly /ˈdiəli/ adv.  1  affectionately, fondly 亲切地；挚爱地  loved him dearly  深深地爱着他 2  a  earnestly; keenly 认真地；热切地b  very much, greatly 非常地，很  would dearly love to go  非常想去 3  at a high price or great cost 高价地；昂贵地

dearth /dɜ:θ/ n.  scarcity or lack 缺乏，不足 [Middle English, formed as DEAR]

deasil /ˈdes(ə)l, ˈdjeʃ(ə)l/ adv. esp. Sc.  in the direction of the sun's apparent course (considered as lucky); clockwise (opp. 反义 WIDDERSHINS) [尤苏格兰] (视作幸运)顺太阳运行方向的；顺时针方向的 [Gaelic deiseil]

death /deθ/ n.  1  the final cessation of vital functions in an organism; the ending of life 死亡；死 2  the event that terminates life 死亡事件 3  a  the fact or process of being killed or killing 杀死(或被杀死)的事件(或过程)  stone to death  被石头打死 fight to the death  战到最后一刻b  the fact or state of being dead 死的事实(状态)  eyes closed in death  死后闭眼了 their deaths caused rioting  他们的死引起了暴动 4  a  the destruction or permanent cessation of something (事物的)毁灭(或结束)  was the death of our hopes  我们希望的破灭b colloq.  something terrible or appalling [口]可怕(或可惧)的东西 5 (usu. 通常作 Death)  a personification of death, esp. as a destructive power, usu. represented by a skeleton (尤指破坏力，通常由骷髅代表的)死神 6  a lack of religious faith or spiritual life 宗教信仰(或精神生活)的丧失 □ as sure as death   quite certain 必定；的确□ at death's door   close to death 命在旦夕，在死亡的边缘□ be in at the death   1  be present when an animal is killed, esp. in hunting (尤指打猎时)目睹猎物被猎狗咬死 2  witness the (esp. sudden) ending of an enterprise etc. (尤指突然)看到(艰巨计划等的)结束□ be the death of   1  cause the death of 为…的致死原因 2  be very harmful to 极为有害□ catch one's death of cold  colloq.  catch a serious chill etc. [口]得了(要命的发冷等)重感冒□ do to death   1  overdo 做得过分；过火 2  kill 杀死□ fate worse than death  colloq.  a disastrous misfortune or experience [口]极大的不幸(或经历)□ like death warmed up (or US [美] over)  colloq.  very tired or ill [口]疲倦死了；病得很厉害□ put to death   kill; execute 杀死；处决□ to death   to the utmost, extremely 到极点，极度  bored to death  烦死了 worked to death  劳累死了□ deathless  adj.  □ deathlessness  n.  □ deathlike  adj.   [Old English dēath from Germanic: related to DIE1]

death adder n.  any of various venomous snakes of the genus Acanthophis, esp. A. antarcticus of Australia 棘蛇属蛇(尤指澳大利亚有毒的棘蛇)

deathbed /ˈdeθbed/ n.  a bed as the place where a person is dying or has died 临终床

death blow n.  1  a blow or other action that causes death 致命的打击 2  an event or circumstance that abruptly ends an activity, enterprise, etc. (突然)导致活动(计划等)失败的事件(或情况)

death camp n.  a prison camp in which many people die or are put to death 死亡集中营，死囚营

death cap n.  a poisonous toadstool, Amanita phalloides 鬼笔鹅膏(一种毒磨菇)

death cell n.  a prison cell for a person condemned to death 死囚牢房

death certificate n.  an official statement of the cause and date and place of a person's death 死亡证明书

death duty n. Brit. hist.  a tax levied on property after the owner's death (replaced in 1975 by capital transfer tax, which was replaced in 1986 by inheritance tax) [英史义]遗产税，继承税 (1975 年英国将其改称 capital transfer tax 资本转让税，而 1986 年又改称 inheritance tax 继承税)

death grant n. Brit.  a state grant towards funeral expenses [英] (国家发放的)丧葬补助金

death knell n.  1  the tolling of a bell to mark a person's death 丧钟 2  an event that heralds the end or destruction of something 事情的结束，毁灭的宣告

deathly /ˈdeθli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (deathlier, deathliest)  suggestive of death 死一般的  deathly silence  死一般的寂静 ●adv.  in a deathly way 死一般地  deathly pale  死一般的苍白

death mask n.  a cast taken of a dead person's face 遗容的面模

death penalty n.  punishment by being put to death 死刑

death rate n.  the number of deaths per thousand of population per year 死亡率

death rattle n.  a gurgling sound sometimes heard in a dying person's throat 临终喉鸣(临终之际死者气管发出的声音)

death roll n. Brit. [英]  1  those killed in an accident, battle, etc. (事故、战斗等中的)死亡者 2  a list of these 死亡名单

death row n. (esp. with reference to the US) a prison block or section for prisoners sentenced to death (尤指美国) (监狱的)死囚区

death's head n.  a human skull as an emblem of mortality (作为死亡象征的)头盖骨，骷髅头

death's head moth n.  a large dark hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos, with skull-like markings on the back of the thorax (背部有类似骷髅模样的)人面天蛾

death squad n.  an armed paramilitary group formed to kill political enemies etc. (旨在杀害政治对手等的)杀手小分队

death tax n. US  a tax on property payable on the owner's death [美]遗产税，继承税

death toll n.  the number of people killed in an accident, battle, etc. (事故或战斗等中)死去的人数

death trap n. colloq.  a dangerous or unhealthy building, vehicle, etc. [口]危险建筑物(车辆等)

death warrant n.  1  an order for the execution of a condemned person 死刑执行令 2  anything that causes the end of an established practice etc. (对既成做法等的)致命的打击

death-watch n. (in full 全称 death-watch beetle)  a small beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum, which makes a sound like a watch ticking, once supposed to portend death, and whose larva bores in old wood 红毛窃蠹，死兆甲虫(会发出像时钟一样咔嗒咔嗒的声音，被认为是死亡的预告，其蛹产在朽木里)

death wish n.  a desire (usu. unconscious) for the death of oneself or another (通常无意识的、对自己或他人的)死亡愿望

deattribute /di:əˈtribju:t/ v. tr.  cease to attribute (a work of art) to a particular artist 不再被认为(某艺术品)是…的作品 □ deattribution  /ˌdi:ætriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Deb /deb/   黛布 [人名]

deb /deb/ n. colloq.  a debutante [口]初次登台的人；初次参加社交活动者 [abbreviation]

debacle /deiˈbɑ:k(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 débɑˆcle)  1  a  an utter defeat, failure, or disaster 彻底失败(打败、溃败)b  a sudden collapse or downfall 崩溃；垮台 2  a confused rush or rout; a stampede 惊慌失措的溃逃，溃败 3  a  a break-up of ice in a river, with resultant flooding (河)冰的裂开，凌汛泛滥b  a sudden rush of water carrying along blocks of stone and other debris 泥石流 [French, from débɑˆcler ‘unbar’]

debag /di:ˈbæɡ/ v. tr. (debagged, debagging) Brit. slang  remove the trousers of (a person), esp. as a joke [英] [俚语]脱去(某人的)裤子(尤指作为一种惩罚的恶作剧)

debar /diˈbɑ:/ v. tr. (debarred, debarring) (foll. by 后跟 from)  exclude from admission or from a right; prohibit from an action 阻止，拦阻；禁止  was debarred from entering  禁止进入 □ debarment  n.   [Middle English from French débarrer, Old French desbarrer (as DE-, BAR1)]

debark1 /di:ˈbɑ:k/ v. tr. & intr.  land from a ship 下船；登陆 □ debarkation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French débarquer (as DE-, BARK3)]

debark2 /di:ˈbɑ:k/ v. tr.  remove the bark from (a tree) 去掉(树)皮

debase /diˈbeis/ v. tr.  1  lower in quality, value, or character 贬低；降低；有损…的人格 2  depreciate (coin) by alloying etc. (用合金等)降低(硬币)的成色；使货币贬值 □ debasement  n.  □ debaser  n.   [DE- + obsolete base for ABASE]

debatable /diˈbeitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  questionable; subject to dispute 有问题的；有争议的 2  capable of being debated 能引起争议的 □ debatably  adv.   [Old French debatable or Anglo-Latin debatabilis (as DEBATE)]

debate /diˈbeit/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  discuss or dispute about (an issue, proposal, etc.), esp. formally in a legislative assembly, public meeting, etc. (问题、建议等)争论，辩论(尤指在立法会议和公众集会等上的辩论) 2  a tr.  consider or ponder (a matter) 考虑；熟虑(某事)b intr.  consider different sides of a question 细想，盘算 ●n.  1  a formal discussion on a particular matter, esp. in a legislative assembly etc. (尤指在立法会议上就某项事情的)正式辩论 2  debating, discussion 辩论；讨论  open to debate  开始辩论第一个发言 □ debater  n.   [Middle English via Old French debatre, debat from Romanic (as DE-, BATTLE)]

debating point n.  an inessential matter used to gain advantage in a debate (辩论时用以取得优势的)非实质性论点

debauch /diˈbɔ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  corrupt morally 使道德败坏，使堕落 2  make intemperate or sensually indulgent 使变得放荡 3  deprave or debase (taste or judgement) (使情趣、品位、判断等)变坏；变得卑下 4 (as 作 debauched adj.)  dissolute 放荡的；荒淫的 5 archaic  seduce (a woman) [古义]诱奸(妇女) ●n.  1  a bout of sensual indulgence 纵欲 2  debauchery 放荡 □ debaucher  n.   [French débauche(r), Old French desbaucher, of unknown origin]

debauchee /dibɔ:ˈtʃi:, -ˈʃi:/ n.  a person given to excessive sensual indulgence 浪荡子；纵情声色者 [French débauché past part.: see DEBAUCH, -EE]

debauchery /diˈbɔ:tʃ(ə)ri/ n.  excessive sensual indulgence; licentiousness 放荡；淫逸；纵情声色

Debbie /ˈdebi/   戴比 [人名]

Debby /ˈdebi/   戴比 [人名]

debenture /diˈben(t)ʃə/ n.  1 Brit.  an acknowledgement of indebtedness, esp. a bond of a company or corporation acknowledging a debt and providing for payment of interest at fixed intervals [英]借据(尤指公司债券) 2 US (in full 全称 debenture bond)  a fixed-interest bond of a company or corporation, backed by general credit rather than specified assets [美] (公司)无担保品债券 [Middle English from Latin debentur ‘are owing’, from debēre ‘owe’: assimilated to -URE]

debenture stock n. Brit.  stock comprising debentures, with only the interest secured [英]借款股份；信用债券，公司债券

debilitate /diˈbiliteit/ v. tr.  enfeeble, enervate 使衰弱，使虚弱 □ debilitatingly  adv.  □ debilitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ debilitative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [Latin debilitare (as DEBILITY)]

debility /diˈbiliti/ n.  feebleness, esp. of health (尤指身体)虚弱，衰弱 [Middle English via Old French debilité from Latin debilitas -tatis, from debilis ‘weak’]

debit /ˈdebit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in bookkeeping 簿记)  a  an entry in the left-hand side or column of an account recording a sum owed 借项，记入借方的款项b  the sum recorded 借记数c  the total of such sums 借项总金额 2  the debit side of an account 借方 ●v. tr. (debited, debiting)  1 (foll. by 后跟 against, to)  enter (an amount) on the debit side of an account 把(数额)记入借方  debited £ 500 against me  把 500 英镑记入我的借方账上 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  enter (a person) on the debit side of an account 记入(某人)账户的借方  debited me with £ 500  在我的账户的借方记上 500 英镑 [French débit from Latin debitum DEBT]

debit card n.  a card allowing the holder to transfer money from one bank account to another via a computer terminal when making a purchase etc. (购物等时的)借方卡

debonair /debəˈnɛə/ adj.  1  carefree, cheerful, self-assured 无忧无虑的；愉快的；自信的 2  having pleasant manners; urbane 温文尔雅的；彬彬有礼的 □ debonairly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French debonaire = de bon aire ‘of good stock’]

Deborah /ˈdebərə/   德博拉 [人名]

debouch /diˈbaʊtʃ, -ˈbu:ʃ/ v. intr.  1 (of troops or a stream) issue from a ravine, wood, etc., into open ground (军队)前出(即由隘路、峡道等行军至开阔地区)；(小溪)流出(至开阔地区) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 into) (of a river, road, etc.) merge into a larger body or area (河)流出；(道路等)延伸出(至开阔区域) □ debouchment  n.   [French déboucher (as DE-, bouche ‘mouth’)]

debridement /deiˈbri:dmɒ˜, diˈbri:dm(ə)nt/ n. Med.  the removal of damaged tissue or foreign matter from a wound etc. 【医】清创术(从伤病等处去除损坏器官或异物) [French, literally ‘unbridling’]

debrief /di:ˈbri:f/ v. tr. colloq.  interrogate (a person, e.g. a diplomat or pilot) about a completed mission or undertaking [口]询问(如外交官、飞行员)执行任务情况的报告；盘问 □ debriefing  n.  

debris /ˈdebri:, ˈdeibri:/ n.  1  scattered fragments, esp. of something wrecked or destroyed (尤指失事或被毁物的)碎片，残骸 2 Geol.  an accumulation of loose material, e.g. from rocks or plants 【地质】(如岩石、植物松碎物形成的)岩屑 [French débris from obsolete débriser ‘break down’ (as DE-, briser ‘break’)]

debt /det/ n.  1  something that is owed, esp. money 债务(尤指钱) 2  a state of obligation to pay something owed 负债状态  in debt  欠债 out of debt  不欠债 get into debt  借债 □ in a person's debt   under an obligation to a person 受某人的恩惠，欠某人的人情债 [Middle English det(te) from Old French dette (later debte), ultimately from Latin debitum, past part. of debēre ‘owe’]

debt collector n.  a person who is employed to collect debts for creditors 收债人

debt of honour n.  a debt not legally recoverable, esp. a sum lost in gambling 无法律约束力的债务(尤指赌债)

debtor /ˈdetə/ n.  a person who owes a debt, esp. money (cf. 参见 CREDITOR) (尤指钱的)债务人 [Middle English via Old French det(t)or, -our from Latin debitor (as DEBT)]

debug /di:ˈbʌɡ/ v. tr. (debugged, debugging)  1  trace and remove concealed listening devices from (a room etc.) (从房间等处)除去窃听器 2  identify and remove defects from (a machine, computer program, etc.) 调试(机器、计算机程序等) 3  remove bugs from; delouse 给…除虫；灭虱

debugger /di:ˈbʌɡə/ n. Computing  a program for debugging other programs 【计算】调试程序

debunk /di:ˈbʌŋk/ v. tr. colloq. [口]  1  show the good reputation or aspirations of (a person, institution, etc.) to be spurious 揭穿；戳穿(某人、某机构等的)假面具 2  expose the falseness of (a claim etc.) 暴露(某主张等的)虚伪 □ debunker  n.  

debus /di:ˈbʌs/ v. tr. & intr. (debussed, debussing) esp. Brit. Mil.  unload (personnel or stores) or alight from a motor vehicle [尤英]【军】卸(客、货；) 下(车)

debut /ˈdeibju:, -bu:/ n. (also 亦作 début)  1  the first public appearance of a performer on stage etc.; the opening performance of a show etc. (演员表演等)初次登场；(演出等)首场演出 2  the first appearance of a debutante in society 初次露面 [French, from débuter ‘lead off’]

debutant /ˈdebju:tɒ˜, ˈdei-/ n. (also 亦作 débutant)  a male performer making his first public appearance 初次登台的男演员；初进社交界的人

debutante /ˈdebjʊtɑ:nt, ˈdei-/ n. (also 亦作 débutante)  1  a (usu. wealthy) young woman making her social debut 初次参加社交活动的(通常为富家)青年女子 2  a female performer making her first public appearance 初次登台的女演员 [French, fem. part. of débuter: see DEBUT]

Dec. abbr. [缩略]  December 

dec. abbr. [缩略]  1  deceased  2  declared 

deca- /ˈdekə/ comb. form [构词成分] (also dec- before a vowel 用在元音前亦作 dec-)  1  having ten 十 2  tenfold 十倍的 3  ten, esp. of a metric unit (decagram 10 克 ; decalitre 10 升) 十(尤指十进制) [Greek deka ‘ten’]

decade /ˈdekeid, diˈkeid/ n.  1  a period of ten years 10 年(期) 2  a set, series, or group of ten 十 , 10 个一组 [Middle English via French décade and Late Latin decas -adis from Greek, from deka ‘ten’]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people, even though it is much used in broadcasting. 该词所标的第二种发音把重音放在第二个音节上，尽管广播中经常也这样念，但一些人仍认为是错误的。 

decadence /ˈdekəd(ə)ns/ n.  1  moral or cultural deterioration, esp. after a peak or culmination of achievement (尤指功成名就后的)颓废，堕落 2  decadent behaviour; a state of decadence 道德败坏；颓废状况 [French décadence from medieval Latin decadentia, from decadere DECAY]

decadent /ˈdekəd(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  in a state of moral or cultural deterioration; showing or characterized by decadence 颓废的；堕落的b  of a period of decadence 颓废期的 2  self-indulgent 自我放纵的 ●n.  a decadent person 堕落者；颓废者 □ decadently  adv.   [French décadent (as DECADENCE)]

decaf /ˈdi:kæf/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 decaff) ●n. propr.  decaffeinated coffee [商标]除去咖啡因的咖啡 ●adj.  decaffeinated 除去咖啡因的

decaffeinate /di:ˈkæfineit/ v. tr.  1  remove the caffeine from 除去…的咖啡因 2  reduce the quantity of caffeine in (usu. coffee) 减少(通常为咖啡)中的咖啡因量

decagon /ˈdekəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with ten sides and angles 十边形；十角形 □ decagonal  /diˈkæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [medieval Latin decagonum from Greek dekagōnon (as DECA-, -GON)]

decagynous /diˈkædʒinəs/ adj. Bot.  having ten pistils 【植】具十花柱的 [modern Latin decagynus (as DECA-, Greek gūne ‘woman’)]

decahedron /dekəˈhi:dr(ə)n, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. decahedra /-drə/ or decahedrons)  a solid figure with ten faces 十面体 □ decahedral  adj.   [DECA- + -HEDRON after POLYHEDRON]

decal /ˈdi:kæl/ n. colloq. [口]  = DECALCOMANIA 2  [abbreviation]

decalcify /di:ˈkælsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  remove lime or calcareous matter from (a bone, tooth, etc.) 脱去(骨、牙等)中的石灰质；使脱钙 □ decalcification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decalcifier  n.  

decalcomania /diˌkælkəˈmeiniə/ n. US [美]  1  a process of transferring designs from specially prepared paper to the surface of glass, porcelain, etc. (将纸上图案转印到玻璃、瓷器表面的)贴花印刷(法) 2  a picture or design used in or made by this process 贴花印刷的图画(或图案) [French décalcomanie from décalquer ‘transfer’]

decalitre /ˈdekəli:tə/ n. (US [美] decaliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to 10 litres 10 升

Decalogue /ˈdekəlɒɡ/ n.  the Ten Commandments (摩西的)十诫 [Middle English via French décalogue or ecclesiastical Latin decalogus from Greek dekalogos (after hoi deka logoi ‘the Ten Commandments’)]

decametre /ˈdekəmi:tə/ n. (US [美] decameter)  a metric unit of length, equal to 10 metres 10 米

decamp /diˈkæmp/ v. intr.  1  break up or leave a camp 撤营，离开宿营地 2  depart suddenly; abscond 突然离开；逃亡 □ decampment  n.   [French décamper (as DE-, CAMP1)]

decanal /diˈkein(ə)l, ˈdek(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a dean or deanery 院长(或教务长)的 2  of the south side of a choir, the side on which the dean sits (cf. 参见 CANTORIAL 2) (执事长、牧师坐的)唱诗班南侧的 [medieval Latin decanalis from Late Latin decanus DEAN1]

decandrous /diˈkændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having ten stamens 【植】具十雄蕊的 [DECA- + Greek andr- ‘man’]

decani /diˈkeinai/ adj. Mus.  to be sung by the decanal side in antiphonal singing (cf. 参见 CANTORIS) 【音】南侧唱诗班所唱的 [Latin, genitive of decanus DEAN1]

decant /diˈkænt/ v. tr.  1  gradually pour off (liquid, esp. wine or a solution) from one container to another, esp. without disturbing the sediment (尤指不搅动沉渣)轻轻倒出(液体，尤指酒或溶液)；滗 2 colloq.  transfer as if by pouring [口]移注 [medieval Latin decanthare (as DE-, CANTHUS, used for the lip of a beaker)]

decanter /diˈkæntə/ n.  a stoppered glass container into which wine or spirit is decanted 有塞子的玻璃酒(或饮料)瓶

decapitate /diˈkæpiteit/ v. tr.  1  behead (esp. as a form of capital punishment) (尤指作为一种极刑)将…斩首 2  cut the head or end from 杀…的头；将…免职；结束 □ decapitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decapitator  n.  刽子手 [Late Latin decapitare (as DE-, caput -itis ‘head’)]

decapod /ˈdekəpɒd/ n.  1  any crustacean of the chiefly marine order Decapoda, characterized by five pairs of walking legs, e.g. shrimps, crabs, and lobsters (甲壳纲)十足目动物(如虾、蟹或龙虾) 2  any of various cephalopod molluscs having ten tentacles, e.g. squids and cuttlefish (头足纲)十腕亚目动物(如鱿鱼、乌贼) □ decapodan  /diˈkæpəd(ə)n/ adj.   [French décapode, from Greek deka ‘ten’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

decarbonize /di:ˈkɑ:b(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove carbon or carbonaceous deposits from (an internal-combustion engine etc.) 脱去(内燃机等)中的碳(或积碳) □ decarbonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decastyle /ˈdekəstail/ n. & adj. Archit. 【建】  ●n.  a ten-columned portico 十柱式柱廊(或门廊) ●adj.  having ten columns 十柱式的 [Greek dekastulos, from deka ‘ten’ + stulos ‘column’]

decasyllable /ˈdekəˌsiləb(ə)l/ n.  a metrical line of ten syllables 十音节诗行 □ decasyllabic  /-siˈlæbik/ adj. & n.  

decathlon /diˈkæθlɒn, -lən/ n.  an athletic contest in which each competitor takes part in ten different events 十项全能(运动) □ decathlete  /-li:t/ n.   [DECA- + Greek athlon ‘contest’]

decay /diˈkei/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  rot, decompose 腐朽；腐烂b tr.  cause to rot or decompose 使腐朽，使腐烂 2 intr. & tr.  decline or cause to decline in quality, power, wealth, energy, beauty, etc. (在品质、权力、财富、精力、美貌等方面)衰减，衰退 3 intr. Physics 【物理学】  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) (of a substance etc.) undergo change by radioactivity (物质等经过放射性)衰变b  undergo a gradual decrease in magnitude of a physical quantity 衰弱 ●n.  1  a rotten or ruinous state; a process of wasting away 腐朽；衰亡；衰微；衰败 2  decline in health, quality, etc. (健康、品质等)衰弱；衰退 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  change into another substance etc. by radioactivity 衰变(成另一物质等)b  a decrease in the magnitude of a physical quantity, esp. the intensity of radiation or amplitude of oscillation (尤指辐射强度或振幅的)衰减 4  decayed tissue 腐烂组织 [Middle English via Old French decair from Romanic (as DE-, Latin cadere ‘fall’)]

decease /diˈsi:s/ n. & v. formal esp. Law [正式] (尤)【法律】  ●n.  death 死亡 ●v. intr.  die 死 [Middle English via Old French deces Latin decessus, from decedere (as DE-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

deceased /diˈsi:st/ adj. & n. formal [正式] ●adj.  dead 已故的 ●n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a person who has died, esp. recently (尤指最近故去的)死者

decedent /diˈsi:d(ə)nt/ n. N. Amer. Law  a deceased person [北美]【法律】死者 [Latin decedere ‘die’: see 见 DECEASE]

deceit /diˈsi:t/ n.  1  the act or process of deceiving or misleading, esp. by concealing the truth (尤指隐瞒真相)欺骗；谎言 2  a dishonest trick or stratagem 诡计；计谋 3  a tendency to deceive or mislead 蒙骗，误导 [Middle English via Old French, past part. of deceveir, used as a noun from Latin decipere ‘deceive’ (as DE-, capere ‘take’)]

deceitful /diˈsi:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person) using deceit, esp. habitually (人) (尤指习惯于)欺诈骗人的 2 (of an act, practice, etc.) intended to deceive (言、行等)容易使人误解的；迷惑的 □ deceitfully  adv.  □ deceitfulness  n.  

deceive /diˈsi:v/ v.  1 tr.  make (a person) believe what is false, mislead purposely 欺骗(某人；) 行骗 2 tr.  be unfaithful to, esp. sexually (尤指两性间)不忠；背叛 3 intr.  use deceit 行骗 4 tr. archaic  disappoint (esp. hopes) [古义] (尤指希望)使辜负；使失望；使受挫折 □ be deceived   be mistaken or deluded 受到误解(或迷惑)□ deceive oneself   persist in a mistaken belief 自欺□ deceivable  adj.  □ deceiver  n.   [Middle English from Old French deceivre or deceiv-, stressed stem of deceveir (as DECEIT)]

decelerate /di:ˈseləreit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  begin or cause to begin to reduce speed (使)减速 2 tr.  make slower 减缓  decelerated motion  减速运动 □ deceleration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decelerator  n.  □ decelerometer  /-ˈrɒmitə/ n.   [DE-, on the pattern of ACCELERATE]

December /diˈsembə/ n.  the twelfth month of the year 12 月 [Middle English via Old French decembre from Latin December, from decem ‘ten’: originally the tenth month of the Roman year]

decency /ˈdi:s(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  generally accepted standards of behaviour or propriety 合宜；得体；通情达理 2  avoidance of obscenity 正派，庄重；体面 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the requirements of correct behaviour 礼节，礼仪 [Latin decentia from decēre ‘be fitting’]

decennial /diˈseniəl/ adj.  1  lasting ten years 十年间的；持续十年的 2  recurring every ten years 每十年一次的 □ decennially  adv.   [Latin decennis ‘of ten years’, from decem ‘ten’ + annus ‘year’]

decent /ˈdi:s(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  conforming with generally accepted standards of behaviour or propriety 合宜的；得体的；适当的；正当的b  avoiding obscenity 正经的；正派的，不猥亵的；端庄的 2  respectable 体面的；大方的 3  acceptable, passable; good enough 过得去的；合意的；尚可的 4 Brit.  kind, obliging, generous [英]和气的；宽宏的；慷慨的  was decent enough to apologize  十分大方地致歉 □ decently  adv.   [French décent, or from Latin decēre ‘be fitting’]

decentralize /di:ˈsentrəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  transfer (powers etc.) from a central to a local authority (权力等)分散 2  reorganize (a centralized institution, organization, etc.) on the basis of greater local autonomy 地方分权；(中央机构、组织等)权力下放 □ decentralist  /-list/ n. & adj.  □ decentralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decentre /di:ˈsentə/ v. tr. (US [美] decenter)  remove the centre from 去掉…的中心

deception /diˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of deceiving; the process of being deceived 欺骗；蒙骗 2  a thing that deceives; a trick or sham 欺蒙之物；骗术；假货 [Middle English from Old French or Late Latin deceptio, from decipere (as DECEIT)]

deceptive /diˈseptiv/ adj.  apt to deceive; easily mistaken for something else or as having a different quality 骗人的；容易使人上当的；靠不住的 □ deceptively  adv.  □ deceptiveness  n.   [Old French deceptif -ive or Late Latin deceptivus (as DECEPTION)]

decerebrate /di:ˈseribrət/ adj.  having had the cerebrum removed 去脑的；切除大脑的

deci- /ˈdesi/ comb. form  one-tenth, esp. of a unit in the metric system (decilitre 分升 ; decimetre 分米) [构词成分] (尤指十进位公制单位的)1/10 [Latin decimus ‘tenth’]

decibel /ˈdesibel/ n.  a unit (one-tenth of a bel) used in the comparison of two power levels relating to electrical signals or sound intensities, one of the pair usually being taken as a standard (abbr. 缩略 : dB) 分贝 (1/10 贝尔)

decide /diˈsaid/ v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, about)  come to a resolution as a result of consideration 拿定主意；选定b tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  have or reach as one's resolution about something 决定；下决心  decided to stay  决定留下 decided that we should leave  决定我们应该离开 2 tr.  a  cause (a person) to reach a resolution 使(某人)作出决定；使下决心  was unsure about going but the weather decided me  去还是不去尚未定局，但天气使我下了决心b  resolve or settle (a question, dispute, etc.) 解决；确定(问题、争执等) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 between, for, against, in favour of, or that + clause)  give a judgement concerning a matter 裁决；判决 □ decidable  adj.   [Middle English from French décider or from Latin decidere (as DE-, caedere ‘cut’)]

decided /diˈsaidid/ adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  definite, unquestionable 明确的；确定的；肯定的  a decided difference  明显的区别 2 (of a person, esp. as a characteristic) having clear opinions, resolute, not vacillating (人，尤指性格)坚决的；果断的，不动摇的 □ decidedness  n.  

decidedly /diˈsaididli/ adv.  undoubtedly, undeniably 果断地；断然

decider /diˈsaidə/ n.  1  a game, race, etc., to decide between competitors finishing equal in a previous contest (游戏、比赛等打成平局之后的)决胜局，决赛 2  any person or thing that decides 决定者；决定物

deciduous /diˈsidjʊəs/ adj.  1 (of a tree) shedding its leaves annually (cf. 参见 EVERGREEN) (树)每年落叶的 2 (of leaves, horns, teeth, etc.) shed periodically (叶、角、齿等)周期性脱落的 3 (of an ant etc.) shedding its wings after copulation (蚂蚁等)交配后脱翅的 4  fleeting, transitory 短暂的，非永久性的 □ deciduousness  n.   [Latin deciduus from decidere, from cadere ‘fall’]

decigram /ˈdesiɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 decigramme)  a metric unit of mass, equal to 0.1 gram 分克(等于 0.1 克)

decile /ˈdesail/ n. Statistics  any of the nine values of a random variable which divide a frequency distribution into ten groups, each containing one-tenth of the total population 【统计学】十分位数(的) [French décile, ultimately from Latin decem ‘ten’]

decilitre /ˈdesili:tə/ n. (US [美] deciliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to 0.1 litre 分升(等于 0.1 升)

decimal /ˈdesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a system of numbers, weights, measures, etc.) based on the number ten, in which the smaller units are related to the principal units as powers of ten (units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.) (数字、重量、计量等单位)十进制的(一、十、百、千等) 2  of tenths or ten; reckoning or proceeding by tens 十分之一的；十的；十进位的 ●n.  a decimal fraction 小数； (尤指小数点右移的)十进小数 □ decimally  adv.   [modern Latin decimalis from Latin decimus ‘tenth’]

decimal fraction n.  a fraction whose denominator is a power of ten, esp. when expressed positionally by units to the right of a decimal point 小数； (尤指小数点右移的)十进小数

decimalize /ˈdesim(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  express as a decimal 采用十进法；采用取十进制 2  convert to a decimal system (esp. of coinage) (尤指货币制度)转换成十进制 □ decimalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decimal place n.  the position of a digit to the right of a decimal point 小数位

decimal point n.  a full point or dot placed before the numerator in a decimal fraction 小数点

decimal scale n.  a scale with successive places denoting units, tens, hundreds, etc. (表示一、十、百、千等的)十进制

decimate /ˈdesimeit/ v. tr.  1 disp.  kill or remove a large proportion of [异议]大批屠杀 2 orig. Mil.  kill or remove one in every ten of (源于)【军】每十杀一 □ decimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decimator  n.   [Latin decimare ‘take the tenth man’, from decimus ‘tenth’]■Usage 用法说明 Sense 1 is now the usual sense of decimate although it is often deplored as an inappropriate use. This word should not be used to mean ‘defeat utterly’. 尽管当今人们认为 decimate 的释义 1 用法不妥，但仍是该词的常用释义。它不能用来表示 defeat utterly (彻底打败)。 

decimetre /ˈdesimi:tə/ n. (US [美] decimeter)  a metric unit of length, equal to 0.1 metre 分米(等于 0.1 米)

decipher /diˈsaifə/ v. tr.  1  convert (a text written in cipher) into an intelligible script or language 破译(密码等) 2  determine the meaning of (anything obscure or unclear) 解释(难以理解的事物)；辩认(不清楚的字迹) □ decipherable  adj.  □ decipherment  n.  

decision /diˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of deciding 决定 2  a conclusion or resolution reached, esp. as to future action, after consideration (尤指对未来行动所做的)决心  have made my decision  我已下定决心 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the settlement of a question 问题的解决b  a formal judgement 裁决；判决 4  a tendency to decide firmly; resoluteness 决断；果断 [Middle English from Old French decision or Latin decisio (as DECIDE)]

decisive /diˈsaisiv/ adj.  1  that decides an issue; conclusive 决定性的；作出决定的 2 (of a person, esp. as a characteristic) able to decide quickly and effectively (人，尤指性格)果断的；断然的 □ decisively  adv.  □ decisiveness  n.   [French décisif -ive from medieval Latin decisivus (as DECIDE)]

deck /dek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a platform in a ship covering all or part of the hull's area at any level and serving as a floor 甲板；舰板；舱面b  the accommodation on a particular deck of a ship 舰船上的隔舱 2  anything similar to a ship's deck, e.g. the floor or compartment of a bus (类似船甲板的)桥面；码头面板(如公共汽车的)层面(隔间) 3  a component or unit in sound-reproduction equipment that incorporates a playing or recording mechanism for discs, tapes, etc. (录放音响设备中放置磁带的)卡式座；(唱片、碟等的)转盘支托面 4  a N. Amer.  a pack of cards [北美]一副纸牌b US slang  a packet of narcotics [美] [俚语]一包毒品 5 slang  the ground [俚语]地面 6  any floor or platform, esp. the floor of a pier or a platform for sunbathing 任何地板面(或站台、平台) (尤指日光浴平台) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  decorate, adorn 装饰，打扮 2  furnish with or cover as a deck 铺装甲板；铺作甲板 3 slang  knock (a person) to the ground; floor [俚语]将(人)打翻在地 □ below deck (or decks)   in or into the space below the main deck 在主甲板下□ on deck   1  in the open air on a ship's main deck 在甲板上 2 esp. US  ready for action, work, etc. [尤美] (行动、工作等)做好了准备；伺机而动 [Middle English, = covering, from Middle Dutch dec ‘roof, cloak’]

deckchair /ˈdektʃɛə/ n.  a folding chair of wood and canvas, of a kind used on deck on passenger ships (可折叠的帆布)甲板躺椅

-decker /ˈdekə/ comb. form  having a specified number of decks or layers (double-decker 双层结构) [构词成分]有…层甲板的；有…层的

deckhand /ˈdekhænd/ n.  a person employed in cleaning and odd jobs on a ship's deck 舱面水手，普通水手

deckle /ˈdek(ə)l/ n.  a device in a papermaking machine for limiting the size of the sheet (造纸时限定纸张尺寸的)定边装置 [German Deckel, diminutive of Decke ‘cover’]

deckle edge n.  the rough uncut edge formed by a deckle (边缘未经裁切的)毛边 □ deckled-edged  adj.  

deck quoits n. pl.  a game played, esp. on ships, in which rope quoits are aimed at a peg (尤指在船甲板上玩的)套环游戏

deck tennis n.  a game played, esp. on ships, in which a quoit of rope, rubber, etc., is tossed to and fro over a net 甲板“网球”(尤指在船甲板上隔网扔绳环、橡皮圈等的游戏)

declaim /diˈkleim/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  speak or utter rhetorically or affectedly 发表词藻华丽的演说；慷慨陈词 2 intr.  practise oratory or recitation 演讲，朗诵 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  protest forcefully 抗议 4 intr.  deliver an impassioned (rather than reasoned) speech 慷慨激昂(而不是理性)地发表演说 □ declaimer  n.   [Middle English from French déclamer or from Latin declamare (as DE-, CLAIM)]

declamation /dekləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or art of declaiming 雄辩；雄辩术 2  a rhetorical exercise or set speech 修辞辩论(雄辩模式)练习 3  an impassioned speech; a harangue 热情洋溢的演说；高谈阔论 □ declamatory  /diˈklæmət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French déclamation or Latin declamatio (as DECLAIM)]

declarant /diˈklɛər(ə)nt/ n.  a person who makes a legal declaration 声明者；申报者 [French déclarant, part. of déclarer (as DECLARE)]

declaration /dekləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of declaring 宣布，公告 2  a  a formal, emphatic, or deliberate statement or announcement 宣言，宣告b  a statement asserting or protecting a legal right (保护合法权利的)声明 3  a written public announcement of intentions, terms of an agreement, etc. (求婚意图、协议条款等书面)表明 4 Cricket  an act of declaring an innings closed 【板球】宣布结束赛局 5 Cards 【牌】  a  the naming of trumps 宣布王牌b  an announcement of a combination held 摊牌 6 Law 【法律】  a  a plaintiff's statement of claim (原告的)诉词b  an affirmation made instead of taking an oath (未经宣誓的证人的)陈诉 7 (in full 全称 declaration of the poll) Brit.  a public official announcement of the votes cast for candidates in an election [英]选举结果公告(正式宣布选举人得票结果) [Middle English from Latin declaratio (as DECLARE)]

Declaration of Independence n.  a document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed in 1776 (1776 年签署美国脱离大英帝国的)独立宣言

Declaration of Indulgence n.  the proclamation of religious liberties, esp. under Charles II in 1672 and James II in 1687 (尤指 1672 年查理二世和 1687 年詹姆斯二世所颁布的)信教自由令

declarative /diˈklærətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of the nature of, or making, a declaration 宣言的；公告的b Gram. (of a sentence) that takes the form of a simple statement 【语法】(句子)陈述的 2 Computing  designating high-level programming languages which can be used to solve problems without requiring the programmer to specify an exact procedure to be followed 【计算】说明的 ●n.  1  a declaratory statement or act 申明 2 Gram.  a declarative sentence 【语法】陈述句 □ declaratively  adv.   [Old French déclaratif -ive or Latin declarativus (as DECLARE)]

declare /diˈklɛə/ v.  1 tr.  announce openly or formally 声明；宣布  declare war  宣战 declare a dividend  宣布发放股息 2 tr.  pronounce (a person or thing) to be something 宣称，声称(某人或某事)为…  declared him to be an impostor  声称他是一名江湖骗子 declared it invalid  宣布其无效 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  assert emphatically; state explicitly 断言；表明 4 tr.  acknowledge possession of (dutiable goods, income, etc.) 申报(纳税物品或收入等) 5 tr. (as 作 declared adj.)  who admits to be such 公开宣称的  a declared atheist  公开表态的无神论者 6 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cricket  close (an innings) voluntarily before all the wickets have fallen 【板球】宣布(一局)结束 7 tr. Cards 【牌】  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  name (the trump suit) 宣布(王牌)b  announce that one holds (certain combinations of cards etc.) 摊出(某组合牌等) 8 tr. (of things) make evident, prove (事情)表明  your actions declare your honesty  你的行动表明了你的诚实 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, against)  take the side of one party or another 表态 □ declare oneself   reveal one's intentions or identity 发表意见(或表明态度；) 宣布自己的身份□ well, I declare (or I do declare)   an exclamation of incredulity, surprise, or vexation 嘿，怪了！ (表示怀疑、惊奇、烦恼)□ declarable  adj.  □ declaratory  /-ˈklærət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ declaredly  /-ridli/ adv.  □ declarer  n.   [Middle English from Latin declarare (as DE-, clarare from clarus ‘clear’)]

declass /di:ˈklɑ:s/ v. tr.  remove from one's social class 使丧失原有社会地位

declassify /di:ˈklæsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  declare (information etc.) to be no longer secret 撤销(资料等的)密级，给…销密 □ declassification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

declension /diˈklenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Gram. 【语法】  a  the variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified 词形变化；变格b  the class in which a noun etc. is put according to the exact form of this variation (名词等)词性变化相同的一组静词 2  deterioration, declining 恶化；衰退 □ declensional  adj.   [Old French declinaison, from decliner DECLINE, suggested by Latin declinatio: assimilated to ASCENSION etc.]

declination /dekliˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a downward bend or turn 下倾，倾斜 2 Astron.  the angular distance of a star etc. north or south of the celestial equator 【天】赤纬(天球赤道和某天体等的角距) 3  the angular deviation of a compass needle from true north 磁偏角(正北极和指南针所形成的偏差) 4 US  a formal refusal [美]正式拒绝 □ declinational  adj.   [Middle English from Latin declinatio (as DECLINE)]

decline /diˈklain/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  deteriorate; lose strength or vigour; decrease 恶化；衰败，衰退；减少 2  a tr.  reply with formal courtesy that one will not accept (an invitation, honour, etc.) 婉辞(邀请、荣誉等)b tr.  refuse, esp. formally and courteously 拒绝； (尤指正式而有礼地)谢绝  declined to be made use of  拒绝被利用 declined doing anything  谢绝做任何事c tr.  turn away from (a challenge, battle, discussion, etc.) 防止；避免(挑战、战斗、争论等)d intr.  give or send a refusal 拒绝；婉辞；谢绝 3 intr.  slope downwards 下倾 4 intr.  bend down, droop 弯曲；下垂 5 tr. Gram.  state the forms of (a noun, pronoun, or adjective) corresponding to cases, number, and gender 【语法】(名词、代词或形容词)发生格、数、性的词尾变化 6 intr. (of a day, life, etc.) draw to a close (一日、生命等)接近结束 7 intr.  decrease in price etc. (价格等)下降；跌价 8 tr.  bend down 使弯曲 ●n.  1  gradual loss of vigour or excellence 下降；减少  on the decline  在衰退中 2  decay, deterioration 衰退；衰落 3  the sun's gradual setting; the last part of the course (of the sun, of life, etc.) (太阳逐渐)落下； (生命等的)最后阶段 4  a fall in price (物价)下跌 5 archaic  tuberculosis or a similar wasting disease [古义] (肺结核类)消耗病 □ declinable  adj.  □ decliner  n.   [Middle English via Old French decliner from Latin declinare (as DE-, clinare ‘bend’)]

declining years n. pl.  old age 晚年

declivity /diˈkliviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a downward slope, esp. a piece of sloping ground 斜坡(尤指一段下坡) □ declivitous  adj.   [Latin declivitas from declivis (as DE-, clivus ‘slope’)]

declutch /di:ˈklʌtʃ/ v. intr.  disengage the clutch of a motor vehicle 分开离合器；(驾驶汽车时)放空档

deco /ˈdekəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Deco) (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  = ART DECO  [French décoratif DECORATIVE]

decoct /diˈkɒkt/ v. tr.  extract the essence from by decoction 熬(汁；) 煎(药) [Middle English from Latin decoquere ‘boil down’]

decoction /diˈkɒkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  concentration of, or extraction of the essence of, a substance by boiling in water etc. (在水等中)煎煮；浓缩 2  the extracted liquor resulting from this 煮出的汁；煎熬的药；煎剂 [Middle English from Old French decoction or Late Latin decoctio (as DE-, Latin coquere coct- ‘boil’)]

decode /di:ˈkəʊd/ v. tr.  convert (a coded message) into intelligible language 解(码；) 译解(密码) □ decodable  adj.  

decoder /di:ˈkəʊdə/ n.  1  a person or thing that decodes 译码员；解码物 2  an electronic device for analysing signals and feeding separate amplifier channels 解码器

decoke v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. tr. /di:ˈkəʊk/  remove carbon or carbonaceous material from (an internal-combustion engine) 给(内燃机)除焦 ●n. /ˈdi:kəʊk/  the process of decoking 除焦(过程)

decollate /di:kəˈleit/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  behead 将…斩首；砍…头 2  truncate 截去…的顶端 □ decollation  /di:kəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin decollare decollat- (as DE-, collum ‘neck’)]

decolonize /di:ˈkɒlənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (of a state) withdraw from (a colony), leaving it independent 使(某国)非殖民(地)化 □ decolonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decolorize /di:ˈkʌləraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  remove the colour from 使脱色；将…漂白 2 intr.  lose colour 退色 □ decolorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decommission /di:kəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  close down (a nuclear reactor etc.) 关闭(核反应堆等) 2  take (a ship) out of service 使(军舰)退役

decompose /di:kəmˈpəʊz/ v.  1 intr.  decay, rot; disintegrate, break up 腐烂，变腐败；分解 2 tr.  break down or separate into its elements or simpler constituents; cause to decay or rot 使分解；使腐烂 □ decomposition  /ˌdi:kɒmpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French décomposer (as DE-, COMPOSE)]

decomposer /di:kəmˈpəʊzə/ n.  a thing, esp. a living organism, that performs decomposition 分解体；腐生物；腐生菌(尤指活体生物)

decompress /di:kəmˈpres/ v. tr.  subject to decompression; relieve or reduce the compression on (使)减压； (使)降压

decompression /di:kəmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  release from compression 减压 2  a gradual reduction of air pressure on a person who has been subjected to high pressure (esp. underwater) (尤指水下)逐渐卸压；减压

decompression chamber n.  an enclosed space for subjecting a person to decompression 减压室

decompression sickness n.  a condition caused by too rapid decompression, resulting in the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the tissues, pain, nausea, paralysis, etc. Also called 亦称作 caisson disease, the bends (see 见 BEND1 n. 4) 减压病(器官中出现氮泡，发生疼痛、恶心、瘫痪等)

decompressor /di:kəmˈpresə/ n. Brit.  a device for reducing pressure in the engine of a motor vehicle [英] (汽车引擎的)减压装置

decongestant /di:k(ə)nˈdʒest(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that relieves (esp. nasal) congestion (尤指鼻)减轻充血的 ●n.  a medicinal agent that relieves nasal congestion (鼻)减轻充血药

deconsecrate /di:ˈkɒnsikreit/ v. tr.  transfer (esp. a building) from sacred to secular use 使不圣洁；把(尤指建筑物)改作俗用 □ deconsecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deconstruct /di:k(ə)nˈstrʌkt/ v. tr.  subject to deconstruction 解构；拆析 □ deconstructive  adj.   [back-formation from DECONSTRUCTION]

deconstruction /di:k(ə)nˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  a method of critical analysis of philosophical and literary language (哲学或文学语言中的)解构(法) □ deconstructionism  n.  □ deconstructionist  adj. & n.   [French déconstruction (as DE-, CONSTRUCTION)]

decontaminate /di:k(ə)nˈtæmineit/ v. tr.  remove contamination from (an area, person, clothes, etc.) 给(某地区、某人、衣服等)去污；对…消毒；净化 □ decontamination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decontextualize /di:k(ə)nˈtekstjʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  study or treat in isolation from its context 脱离上下文作研究(或处理) □ decontextualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decontrol /di:k(ə)nˈtrəʊl/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (decontrolled, decontrolling)  release (a commodity etc.) from controls or restrictions, esp. those imposed by the State 解除对(商品等)的控制(尤指国家控制的商品) ●n.  the act of decontrolling 解除控制

decor /ˈdeikɔ:, ˈde-/ n. (also 亦作 décor)  1  the furnishing and decoration of a room etc. (房间等)装饰 2  the decoration and scenery of a stage 舞台布置，布景 [French from décorer (as DECORATE)]

decorate /ˈdekəreit/ v. tr.  1  provide with adornments 装饰 2 esp. Brit.  provide (a room or building) with new paint, wallpaper, etc. [尤英]给房间(或建筑)刷新油漆(或贴新墙纸等) 3  serve as an adornment to (使)成为…的装饰 4  confer an award or distinction on 授勋章给… [Latin decorare decorat- from decus -oris ‘beauty’]

Decorated style n.  the second stage of English Gothic (14th c.), with increasing use of decoration and geometrical tracery 英国哥特式装饰华丽的建筑形式，盛饰建筑形式；有几何图形的花饰窗格

decoration /dekəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or art of decorating 装饰 2  a thing that decorates or serves as an ornament 装饰物 3  a medal etc. conferred and worn as an honour 勋章(奖章等) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  flags etc. put up on an occasion of public celebration (公众庆祝活动时张挂的)彩旗(旗帜等) [French décoration or Late Latin decoratio (as DECORATE)]

Decoration Day n. (in the US) Memorial Day (美国)阵亡将士纪念日

decorative /ˈdek(ə)rətiv/ adj.  serving to decorate 装饰性的；作装饰的 □ decoratively  adv.  □ decorativeness  n.   [French décoratif (as DECORATE)]

decorator /ˈdekəreitə/ n.  a person who decorates, esp. Brit. one who paints or papers houses professionally 装饰者；装潢者；[尤英] (房间)油漆工；裱糊匠

decorous /ˈdek(ə)rəs/ adj.  respecting good taste or propriety; dignified 正派得体的；端庄稳重的 □ decorously  adv.  □ decorousness  n.   [Latin decorus ‘seemly’]

decorticate /di:ˈkɔ:tikeit/ v. tr.  1  remove the bark, rind, or husk from 剥去…的外皮；去掉…的外壳 2  remove the outside layer from (the kidney, brain, etc.) 剥除(肾、大脑等)器官的皮质 [Latin decorticare decorticat- (as DE-, cortex -icis ‘bark’)]

decortication /diˌkɔ:tiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the removal of the outside layer from an organ (e.g. the kidney) or structure 剥除(如肾的)皮质 2 Brit.  an operation removing the blood clot and scar tissue formed after bleeding in the chest cavity [英]去皮质术，皮质剥除术

decorum /diˈkɔ:rəm/ n.  1  a  seemliness, propriety 合乎礼仪；品行端正；端庄稳重b  behaviour required by politeness or decency 合乎礼节；正派得体 2  a particular requirement of this kind 合宜；相称；高雅 3  etiquette 礼节；礼仪 [Latin, neut. of decorus ‘seemly’]

decouple /di:ˈkʌp(ə)l/ v. tr.  1 Electr.  make the interaction between (oscillators etc.) so weak that there is little transfer of energy between them 【电】把…去耦；使(振荡器等)退耦 2  separate, disengage, dissociate 使分离；使脱离；拆开

decoy n. & v. ●n. /ˈdi:kɔi, diˈkɔi/  1  a  a person or thing used to lure an animal or person into a trap or danger 骗子；圈套，诱惑物b  a bait or enticement 诱饵；诱惑 2  a pond from which narrow netted channels lead, into which wild duck may be enticed for capture 诱捕野鸭的水塘；诱捕处 ●v. tr. /diˈkɔi, ˈdi:kɔi/ (often foll. by 常后跟 into, out of)  allure or entice, esp. by means of a decoy (尤指利用诱饵)引诱；诱骗 [17th c.: perhaps from Dutch de kooi ‘the decoy’, from de THE + kooi from Latin cavea ‘cage’]

decrease v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /diˈkri:s/  make or become smaller or fewer (使)减少； (使)变小 ●n. /ˈdi:kri:s/  1  the act or an instance of decreasing 减少，变小 2  the amount by which a thing decreases (事物的)减少量 □ decreasingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French de(s)creiss-, present stem of de(s)creistre, ultimately from Latin decrescere (as DE-, crescere cret- ‘grow’)]

decree /diˈkri:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official order issued by a legal authority 法令；政令 2  a judgement or decision of certain law courts, esp. in matrimonial cases (尤指对婚姻案件的)判决 ●v. tr. (decrees, decreed, decreeing)  ordain by decree 颁布命令 [Middle English via Old French decré from Latin decretum, neut. past part. of decernere ‘decide’ (as DE-, cernere ‘sift’)]

decree absolute n. Brit.  a final order for divorce, enabling either party to remarry [英]离婚的最终判决(即离婚的双方均可以再婚)

decree nisi n. Brit.  a provisional order for divorce, made absolute unless cause to the contrary is shown within a fixed period [英]中间裁定(过一定期限后无人提出异议方可生效的离婚判决)

decrement /ˈdekrim(ə)nt/ n.  1 Physics  the ratio of the amplitudes in successive cycles of a damped oscillation 【物理学】衰减率减缩量 2  the amount lost by diminution or waste 缩小(或消耗)量 3  the act of decreasing 减少；减缩 [Latin decrementum (as DECREASE)]

decrepit /diˈkrepit/ adj.  1  weakened or worn out by age and infirmity 衰老的；(身体)虚弱的 2  worn out by long use; dilapidated 磨损的；破旧的；毁坏的；坍塌的 □ decrepitude  n.   [Middle English from Latin decrepitus (as DE-, crepitus, past part. of crepare ‘creak’)]

decrepitate /diˈkrepiteit/ v.  1 tr.  roast or calcine (a mineral or salt) until it stops crackling 把(矿石或盐)煅烧到停止发出噼啪声 2 intr.  crackle under heat 受热后发出噼啪声 □ decrepitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [probably modern Latin decrepitare, from DE- + Latin crepitare ‘crackle’]

decrescendo /di:kriˈʃendəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. (pl. -os)  = DIMINUENDO  [Italian, pres. part. of decrescere DECREASE]

decrescent /diˈkres(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. of the moon) waning, decreasing (通常指月亮)下弦的；渐少的；渐小的 [Latin decrescere: see DECREASE]

decretal /diˈkri:t(ə)l/ n.  1  a papal decree (教皇的)教令 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a collection of these, forming part of canon law 教令集；圣典 [Middle English via medieval Latin decretale from Late Latin (epistola) decretalis ‘(letter) of decree’, from Latin decernere: see DECREE]

decriminalize /di:ˈkrimin(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cease to treat (an action etc.) as criminal 使(某行动等)非刑事化(或非罪行化；) 使…合法化 □ decriminalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decry /diˈkrai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  disparage, belittle 贬低；诋毁 □ decrier  n.   [suggested by French décrier: cf. cry down]

decrypt /di:ˈkript/ v. tr.  decipher (a cryptogram), with or without knowledge of its key 解译，破译(密码电文) □ decryption  n.   [DE- + CRYPTOGRAM]

decumbent /diˈkʌmb(ə)nt/ adj. Bot. & Zool. (of a plant, shoot, or bristles) lying along the ground or a surface 【植】【动】(指植物、嫩枝或刺毛)爬在地上的；横卧的，匍匐的 [Latin decumbere decumbent- ‘lie down’]

decurve /di:ˈkɜ:v/ v. tr. & intr. Zool. & Bot. 【动】【植】 (esp. as 尤作 decurved adj.)  curve or bend down 下曲的；下弯的  a decurved bill  向下弯的鸟嘴 □ decurvature  n.  

decussate adj. & v. ●adj. /diˈkʌsət/  1  X-shaped 交叉成 X 字形(或十字形)的 2 Bot.  with pairs of opposite leaves etc. each at right angles to the pair below 【植】(叶等)交互对生的 ●v. tr. & intr. /diˈkʌseit, ˈdekəseit/  1  arrange or be arranged in a decussate form (使)交叉成 X 形(或十字形) 2  intersect 交错；相交 □ decussation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin decussatus, past part. of decussare ‘divide in a cross shape’, via decussis, = the numeral ten or the shape X, from decem ‘ten’]

dedans /dəˈdã/ n.  1 (in real tennis) the open gallery at the end of the service side of a court (庭院网球球场)发球线后的观众席 2  the spectators watching from this gallery (在看台上观看网球赛的)观众 [French, = inside]

dedicate /ˈdedikeit/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  devote (esp. oneself) to a special task or purpose (尤指自己)献身于 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  address (a book, piece of music, etc.) as a compliment to a friend, patron, etc. (将书、音乐作品等)题献词于(朋友、赞助人等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  devote (a building etc.) to a deity or a sacred person or purpose (将建筑物)奉献(神、圣人等) 4 (as 作 dedicated adj.)  a (of a person) devoted to an aim or vocation; having single-minded loyalty or integrity (人)忠诚的；专心的；虔诚的b (of equipment, esp. a computer) designed for a specific purpose (设备，尤指计算机设备)专用的 □ dedicatedly  adv.  □ dedicatee  /-kəˈti:/ n.  □ dedicative  adj.  □ dedicator  n.  □ dedicatory  adj.   [Latin dedicare (DE-, dicare ‘declare, dedicate’)]

dedication /dediˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dedicating; the process or quality of being dedicated 贡献；奉献；献身 2  the words with which a book etc. is dedicated (书等上的)题献，献词 3  a dedicatory inscription 题字 [Middle English from Old French dedicacion or Latin dedicatio (as DEDICATE)]

deduce /diˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  infer; draw as a logical conclusion 推论；演绎出 2 archaic  trace the course or derivation of [古义]对…追本溯源，追踪来龙去脉 □ deducible  adj.   [Latin deducere (as DE-, ducere duct- ‘lead’)]

deduct /diˈdʌkt/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  subtract, take away, withhold (an amount, portion, etc.) 扣除；减去；扣留(一定数量、一部分等) [Latin (as DEDUCE)]

deductible /diˈdʌktib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that may be deducted, esp. from tax to be paid or taxable income (尤指从应交税额或收入所得税中)可扣除的，可减免的 ●n. US [美]  = EXCESSn. 6  □ deductibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

deduction /diˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of deducting 减除；扣除b  an amount deducted 扣除量 2  a  the inferring of particular instances from a general law (cf. 参见 INDUCTION) 推论演绎法b  a conclusion deduced 用演绎推得的结论 [Middle English from Old French deduction or Latin deductio (as DEDUCE)]

deductive /diˈdʌktiv/ adj.  of or reasoning by deduction 推论的；演绎的 □ deductively  adv.   [medieval Latin deductivus (as DEDUCE)]

dee /di:/ n.  1  the letter D 字母 D 2  a  a thing shaped like this D 字形b Physics  either of two hollow semicircular electrodes in a cyclotron 【物理学】(在回旋加速器中的) D 字形电极 [the name of the letter]

deed /di:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing done intentionally or consciously (有意做的)事情；作为 2  a brave, skilful, or conspicuous act 事迹；成就；功绩 3  actual fact or performance 行动；行为  kind in word and deed  言行和蔼可亲 in deed and not in name  在事实上而不是名义上 4 Law  a written or printed document often used for a legal transfer of ownership and bearing the disposer's signature 【法律】(具有签字的)契约；证书 ●v. tr. US  convey or transfer by legal deed [美]立契转让(转换) [Old English dēd, from Germanic: related to DO1]

deed-box n.  a strongbox for keeping deeds and other documents 契据文书保险箱

deed of covenant n. Brit.  an agreement to pay a specified amount regularly to a charity etc., enabling the recipient to recover the tax paid by the donor on an equivalent amount of income [英] (向慈善机构等定期捐款的)付款契约；契据

deed poll n. esp. Brit.  a deed made and executed by one party only, esp. to change one's name (the paper being polled or cut even, not indented) [尤英] (尤指更改姓名的)单务契据(契据纸裁切成平边，没有一式两份的骑缝线)

deejay /di:ˈdʒei, ˈdi:dʒei/ n. colloq.  a disc jockey [口]流行音乐唱片节目播音员 [representing the pronunciation of DJ]

deem /di:m/ v. tr. formal  regard, consider, judge [正式]认为；考虑；评价  deem it my duty  认为是我的责任 was deemed sufficient  被认为是足够的 [Old English dēman, from Germanic, related to DOOM]

de-emphasize /di:ˈemfəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  remove emphasis from 使…不重要 2  reduce emphasis on 贬低…的重要性

deemster /ˈdi:mstə/ n.  a judge in the Isle of Man 英国马恩岛法官(两法官之一) [DEEM + -STER]

deep /di:p/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  extending far down from the top 深的；厚的  deep hole  深洞 deep water  深水b  extending far in from the surface or edge 纵深的；宽的；位于深处的  deep wound  深位伤口 deep plunge  深浸，深陷 deep shelf  进深很深的书架 deep border  宽边 2 (用作 predic.)  a  extending to or lying at a specified depth 有…深的  water six feet deep  水深 6 英尺 ankle-deep in mud  泥深过踝b  in a specified number of ranks one behind another 成…排的  soldiers drawn up six deep  士兵按 6 排站队 3  situated far down or back or in 位于深处后部(深远处)的  hands deep in his pockets  他把手深插在口袋里 4  coming or brought from far down or in 来自深处的  deep breath  深呼吸 deep sigh  深深的叹息 5  low-pitched, full-toned, not shrill (声音)深沉的，洪亮的，不尖锐刺耳的  deep voice  嗓音低沉 deep note  低音 deep bell  深沉的钟声 6  intense, vivid, extreme 强烈的；浓(或深)的；极度的  deep disgrace  极大的羞辱 deep sleep  酣睡 deep colour  深色 deep secret  深藏的秘密 7  heartfelt, absorbing 衷心的；深切的；引人入胜的  deep affection  深情 deep feelings  深厚的感情 deep interest  浓厚的兴趣 8 (作 predic.)  fully absorbed or overwhelmed 全神贯注的，专心的；深陷于的  deep in a book  在专心读一本书 deep in debt  债台高筑 9  profound, penetrating, not superficial; difficult to understand 深奥的；深刻的；难解的  deep thinker  哲学家 deep thought  深邃的思想 deep insight  深刻的见识 deep learning  深奥的学问 10 Cricket  distant from the batsman 【板球】远离接球区的，内场区的  deep mid-off  远离投手左侧的外场员位置 11 Football  distant from the front line of one's team 【足球】靠近对方端线的 12 colloq.  cunning or secretive [口]狡猾的；诡秘的  a deep one  狡诈的人 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the) poet.  the sea [诗]大海；海洋 2  a deep part of the sea 深海 3  an abyss, pit, or cavity 深渊；深坑；深穴 4 (prec. by 前接 the) Cricket  the position of a fielder distant from the batsman 【板球】(远离接球手的)内场区 5  a deep state 深处；深部  deep of the night  深夜 6 poet.  a mysterious region of thought or feeling [诗]思想(或内心)深处 ●adv.  1  deeply; far down or in 深深地；在(至)深处  dig deep  深挖 read deep into the night  读至深夜 2 Sport  distant from the batsman or other focus of play 【运动】在内场区 □ go off (or go in off) the deep end  colloq.  give way to anger or emotion [口]勃然大怒，变得异常激动□ in deep water (or waters)   in trouble or difficulty 陷于危境(或困境)中□ jump (or be thrown) in at the deep end   face a difficult problem, undertaking, etc., with little experience of it 贸然行事；介入自己并不了解的事(任务等)□ deeply  adv.  □ deepness  n.   [Old English dēop (adj.), dīope, dēope (adv.), from Germanic: related to DIP]

deep breathing n.  breathing with long breaths, esp. as a form of exercise 深呼吸(尤指作为一种锻炼)

deep-drawn adj. (of metal etc.) shaped by forcing through a die when cold (金属等) (通过冲模)冷轧成型的，深冲的

deepen /ˈdi:p(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become deep or deeper (使)加深； (使)深化

deep-freeze n. & v. ●n.  1  a refrigerator in which food can be quickly frozen and kept for long periods at a very low temperature 深冻冰箱(冰箱中食品能迅速冷冻以便长时期保持) 2  a suspension of activity 中止，暂时停止 ●v. tr. (-froze, -frozen)  freeze or store (food) in a deep-freeze 使(食物在冰箱里)深冻存储(或冷藏)

deep-fry v. tr. (-fries, -fried)  fry (food) in an amount of fat or oil sufficient to cover it (食物)油炸

deep kiss n.  a kiss with contact between tongues 深吻；(把舌头深入对方口中的)法式接吻

deep-laid adj. (of a scheme) secret and elaborate (阴谋)秘密策划的；处心积虑炮制的

deep mourning n.  mourning expressed by wearing only black clothes (黑色)重孝丧服

deep-mouthed adj. (esp. of a dog) having a deep voice (尤指狗)叫声深沉洪亮的

deep-rooted adj. (esp. of convictions) firmly established (尤指信仰)根深蒂固的

deep sea n.  the deeper parts of the ocean 深海 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : deep-sea diving  深海潜水

deep-seated adj. (of emotion, disease, etc.) firmly established, profound (感情)牢固的； (疾病等)深层(或深位)的；根深蒂固的

Deep South n.  the south-eastern region of the US regarded as embodying traditional southern culture and traditions (美国的)南方腹地(被认为最能体现南方文化特点和传统的地区)

deep space n.  the regions beyond the solar system or the earth's atmosphere (太阳系以外的)外层空间，太空

deep therapy n.  curative treatment with shortwave X-rays of high penetrating power 深部放射疗法

deer /diə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any hoofed grazing or browsing animal of the family Cervidae, the males of which usu. have deciduous branching antlers 鹿(鹿科，通常雄性有角，分叉，每年脱落一次) [Old English dēor ‘animal, deer’]

deer fly n.  any bloodsucking fly of the genus Chrysops 鹿虻

deer forest n.  an extensive area of wild land reserved for the stalking of deer 鹿苑

deerhound /ˈdiəhaʊnd/ n.  a large rough-haired greyhound 猎鹿犬

deer-lick n.  a spring or damp spot impregnated with salt etc. where deer come to lick (鹿常去舔盐分的)盐碱地，盐沼

deer mouse n.  a mouse of the American genus Peromyscus, esp. P. maniculatus 布拉拉多白足鼠

deerskin /ˈdiəskin/ n. & adj. ●n.  leather from a deer's skin 鹿皮 ●adj.  made from a deer's skin 鹿皮的

deerstalker /ˈdiəstɔ:kə/ n.  1  a soft cloth cap with peaks in front and behind and ear-flaps often joined at the top 猎鹿帽 2 Brit.  a person who stalks deer [英]猎鹿人

de-escalate /di:ˈeskəleit/ v. tr.  reduce the level or intensity of (水平、强度)使降级；缩小；减少 □ de-escalation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

def /def/ adj. esp. US slang  excellent [尤美] [俚语]极好的；卓越的；优秀的 [corruption of DEATH or shortened from DEFINITIVE]

deface /diˈfeis/ v. tr.  1  spoil the appearance of; disfigure 损伤…的外观；使变丑 2  make illegible 使难以辨认 □ defaceable  adj.  □ defacement  n.  □ defacer  n.   [Middle English via French défacer from Old French desfacier (as DE-, FACE)]

de facto /dei ˈfæktəʊ, di:/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  in fact, whether by right or not (不论合法与否)事实上；实际上 ●adj.  that exists or is such in fact 实际存在的；事实上的  a de facto ruler  实际上的统治者 [Latin]

defalcate /ˈdi:fælkeit/ v. intr. formal  misappropriate property in one's charge, esp. money [正式]盗用公款；侵吞公款(尤指钱财) □ defalcator  n.   [medieval Latin defalcare ‘lop’ (as DE-, Latin falx -cis ‘sickle’)]

defalcation /di:fælˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1 Law 【法律】  a  a misappropriation of money 盗用公款b  an amount misappropriated 盗用公款额 2  a shortcoming 缺点；短处 3  defection 不履行(义务) [Middle English from medieval Latin defalcatio (as DEFALCATE)]

defame /diˈfeim/ v. tr.  attack the good reputation of; speak ill of 诽谤；中伤，说坏话 □ defamation  /defəˈmeiʃ(ə)n, di:f-/ n.  □ defamatory  /diˈfæmət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ defamer  n.   [Middle English via Old French diffamer etc. from Latin diffamare ‘spread evil report’ (as DIS-, fama ‘report’)]

defat /di:ˈfæt/ v. tr. (defatted, defatting)  remove fat or fats from 使脱脂，去除…的脂肪

default /diˈfɔ:lt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  failure to fulfil an obligation, esp. to pay money, appear in a law court, etc. 违约(尤指未履行偿还借款、未到庭等) 2  lack, absence 欠缺；缺乏；缺少 3  a pre-selected option adopted by a computer program when no alternative is specified by the user or programmer 默认；系统设定值 ●v.  1 intr.  fail to fulfil an obligation, esp. to pay money or to appear in a law court 违约(尤指未履行债务或出庭) 2 tr.  declare (a party) in default and give judgement against that party 宣布(一方)未到庭(并作出不利于该方的缺席判决) □ by default   1  because of inaction 懒散；懈怠；疏忽 2  because of a lack of opposition 缺席；弃权□ go by default   fail by default 因疏忽而致丧失□ in default of   because of the absence of 若…没有时；若…缺少时 [Middle English via Old French defaut(e), from defaillir ‘fail’, from Romanic (as DE-, Latin fallere ‘deceive’): cf. FAIL]

defaulter /diˈfɔ:ltə/ n.  a person who defaults, esp. Brit. a soldier guilty of a military offence 违约者；[尤英]违反军规者

defeasance /diˈfi:z(ə)ns/ n.  the act or process of rendering null and void 作废；废止 [Middle English from Old French defesance, from de(s) faire ‘undo’ (as DE-, faire ‘make’ from Latin facere)]

defeasible /diˈfi:zib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of annulment 可废止的 2  liable to forfeiture 可宣告无效的 □ defeasibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ defeasibly  adv.   [Anglo-French (as DEFEASANCE)]

defeat /diˈfi:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  overcome in a battle or other contest 击败；打败 2  frustrate, baffle 阻挠；挫败 3  reject (a motion etc.) by voting (通过投票)否决(动议等) 4 Law  annul 【法律】废除；取消；使无效 ●n.  the act or an instance of defeating or being defeated 击败(或失败) [Middle English via Old French deffait, desfait, past part. of desfaire, from medieval Latin disfacere (as DIS-, Latin facere ‘do’)]

defeatism /diˈfi:tiz(ə)m/ n.  1  an excessive readiness to accept defeat 失败主义 2  conduct conducive to this 导致失败的行为 □ defeatist  n. & adj.   [French défaitisme from défaite DEFEAT]

defecate /ˈdefikeit, ˈdi:f-/ v. intr.  discharge faeces from the body 排粪，通大便 □ defecation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [earlier as adj., = purified, from Latin defaecare (as DE-, faex faecis ‘dregs’)]

defect n. & v. ●n. /ˈdi:fekt, diˈfekt/  1  lack of something essential or required; imperfection 弱点；过失 2  a shortcoming or failing 缺点；缺陷；失误 3  a blemish 污点；瑕疵 4  the amount by which a thing falls short 欠缺量 ●v. intr. /diˈfekt/  abandon one's country, cause, etc. in favour of another 逃跑；背叛；叛变(国家、事业等) □ defector  n.   [Latin defectus from deficere ‘desert, fail’ (as DE-, facere ‘do’)]

defection /diˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the abandonment of one's country, cause, etc. for another (对国家、事业等的)背叛 [Latin defectio (as DEFECT)]

defective /diˈfektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having a defect or defects; incomplete, imperfect, faulty 有缺陷的；不完整的；不完全的；有过失的 2 archaic or offens.  mentally handicapped [古义] [冒犯]有精神障碍的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  lacking, deficient 缺少的；不足的 4 Gram.  not having all the usual inflections 【语法】不完全变化的；变形不全的 ●n. archaic or offens.  a mentally handicapped person [古义] [冒犯]智力缺陷的人 □ defectively  adv.  □ defectiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French defectif -ive or Late Latin defectivus (as DEFECT)]

defence /diˈfens/ n. (US [美] defense)  1  the act of defending from or resisting attack 防卫，防御，保护 2  a  a means of resisting attack 防御手段b  a thing that protects 防御物，保护物c  the military resources of a country 国家的军事力量 3 (in pl. 用复数)  fortifications 防御工事 4  a  justification, vindication 辩护；辩明b  a speech or piece of writing used to this end 答辩；抗辩 5  a  the defendant's case in a lawsuit 被告方b  the counsel for the defendant 被告的法律顾问 6  a  the action or role of defending one's goal etc. against attack 防守(大门等)；防守方法b  the players in a team who perform this role 防守队员 □ defenceless  adj.  □ defencelessly  adv.  □ defencelessness  n.   [Middle English via Old French defens(e) from Late Latin defensum, -a, past part. of defendere: see DEFEND]

defenceman /diˈfensmən/ n. (US [美] defenseman) (pl. -men) (in ice hockey and lacrosse) a player in a defensive position (冰球或长曲棍球戏中的)防守队员

defence mechanism n.  1  the body's reaction against disease organisms 防御机理；防卫机理 2  a usu. unconscious mental process to avoid conscious conflict or anxiety (通常指无意识的)防卫机制

defend /diˈfend/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, from)  resist an attack made on; protect (a person or thing) from harm or danger 防守；抵御(某人、某物) 2  support or uphold by argument; speak or write in favour of 答辩，抗辩 3  conduct the case for (a defendant in a lawsuit) (为诉讼中的被告)辩护 4  compete to retain (a title) in a contest (在竞赛中)保卫(某称号)，卫冕 5 absol. (in various sports and games) try to prevent the opposition scoring goals, points, etc.; resist attacks [含宾] (在各项运动或游戏中) (不使对方破门、得分等)防守 □ defendable  adj.  □ defender  n.   [Middle English via Old French defendre from Latin defendere: cf. OFFEND]

defendant /diˈfend(ə)nt/ n.  a person etc. sued or accused in a court of law 被告(被告人等) [Middle English from Old French, part. of defendre: see DEFEND]

defenestration /ˌdi:feniˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal or joc.  the action of throwing (esp. a person) out of a window [正式] [诙] (尤指将人)抛出窗外 □ defenestrate  /di:ˈfenistreit/ v. tr.   [modern Latin defenestratio (as DE-, Latin fenestra ‘window’)]

defense US var.  of DEFENCE [美] DEFENCE 的变体

defenseman US var.  of DEFENCEMAN [美] DEFENCEMAN 的变体

defensible /diˈfensib(ə)l/ adj.  1  justifiable; supportable by argument 能辩解的；可辩护的 2  that can be easily defended militarily (军事上)容易防卫的 □ defensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ defensibly  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin defensibilis (as DEFEND)]

defensive /diˈfensiv/ adj.  1  done or intended for defence or to defend 防御的；保卫的；保护的 2 (of a person or attitude) concerned to challenge criticism (人或态度)辩护的；自卫的 □ on the defensive   1  expecting criticism 等待批评 2  in an attitude or position of defence 处于防御姿态；处于守势□ defensively  adv.  □ defensiveness  n.   [Middle English via French défensif -ive from medieval Latin defensivus (as DEFEND)]

defensive end n. Amer. Football 【美式橄榄球】  either of the two defensive players who line up next to the nose tackle 紧挨鼻卫的防守队员

defer1 /diˈfɜ:/ v. tr. (deferred, deferring)  1  put off to a later time; postpone 使拖延；使推迟 2 US  postpone the conscription of (a person) [美]使(某人)缓期服兵役 □ deferment  n.  □ deferrable  adj.  □ deferral  n.   [Middle English, originally the same as DIFFER]

defer2 /diˈfɜ:/ v. intr. (deferred, deferring) (foll. by 后跟 to)  yield or make concessions in opinion or action 遵从；听从；服从 □ deferrer  n.   [Middle English via French déférer from Latin deferre (as DE-, ferre ‘bring’)]

deference /ˈdef(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  courteous regard, respect 尊重；敬重 2  compliance with the advice or wishes of another 遵从；听从；服从  pay deference to  听从… □ in deference to   out of respect for 遵从；有鉴于(或考虑到)… [French déférence (as DEFER2)]

deferential /defəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  showing deference; respectful 恭敬的；恭顺的 □ deferentially  adv.   [DEFERENCE, after PRUDENTIAL etc.]

deferred payment n.  payment by instalments 延期付款；分期付款

defiance /diˈfaiəns/ n.  1  open disobedience; bold resistance (公然)蔑视；违抗 2  a challenge to fight or maintain a cause, assertion, etc. (向某事业、主张等)挑战，挑衅 □ in defiance of   disregarding; in conflict with 无视；不顾；违抗 [Middle English from Old French (as DEFY)]

defiant /diˈfaiənt/ adj.  1  showing defiance 挑战的；挑衅的 2  openly disobedient (公然)违抗的 □ defiantly  adv.  

defibrillation /ˌdi:fibriˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  the stopping of the fibrillation of the heart 【医】(尤指使用电击方法的)心脏除颤，心脏去颤 □ defibrillator  /di:ˈfibrileitə/ n.  

deficiency /diˈfiʃ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or condition of being deficient 缺点，缺陷 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a lack or shortage 缺乏；不足 3  a thing lacking 缺少物 4  the amount by which a thing, esp. revenue, falls short (尤指收入)不足之数量；亏短的数额

deficiency disease n.  a disease caused by the lack of some essential or important element in the diet 营养缺乏病

deficient /diˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  incomplete; not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient 不完全的；有缺陷的；不足的，缺乏的 2  insufficient in quantity, force, etc. (数量、力量等)缺少的 3 (in full 全称 mentally deficient) archaic or offens.  having a mental handicap [古义] [冒犯]痴呆的 □ deficiently  adv.   [Latin deficiens, part. of deficere (as DEFECT)]

deficit /ˈdefisit, ˈdi:-/ n.  1  the amount by which a thing (esp. a sum of money) is too small (尤指钱数)缺乏，不足；不足额 2  an excess of liabilities over assets in a given period, esp. a financial year (opp. 反义 SURPLUS n. 2a) (尤指财政年的)赤字；逆差 [French déficit from Latin deficit, 3rd sing. present of deficere (as DEFECT)]

deficit financing n.  financing of (esp. state) spending by borrowing (尤指国家)赤字财政

deficit spending n.  spending (esp. by the State), financed by borrowing (尤指国家的)赤字开支

defier /diˈfaiə/ n.  a person who defies 挑战者；违抗者

defilade /defiˈleid/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  secure (a fortification) against enfilading fire 遮蔽(防御工事) ●n.  this precaution or arrangement 遮蔽 [DEFILE2 + -ADE1]

defile1 /diˈfail/ v. tr.  1  make dirty; pollute, befoul 弄脏；污染；使污 2  corrupt 败坏；腐蚀 3  desecrate, profane 亵渎；糟蹋 4 euphem.  deprive (esp. a woman) of virginity; rape [婉]夺去(尤指妇女)贞洁；强奸 5  make ceremonially unclean 玷污 □ defilement  n.  □ defiler  n.   [Middle English defoul from Old French defouler ‘trample down, outrage’ (as DE-, fouler ‘tread, trample’), influenced by obsolete befile from Old English befyˉlan (BE-, fūl FOUL)]

defile2 /diˈfail/ n. & v. ●n. /also 亦作 ˈdi:fail/  1  a narrow way through which troops can march only in file (部队只能单列行进的)隘路 2  a gorge 峡道 ●v. intr.  march in file 以单列行进 [French défiler and défilé, past part. (as DE-, FILE2)]

define /diˈfain/ v. tr.  1  give the exact meaning of (a word etc.) 给(某词语等)下定义 2  describe or explain the scope of 描述(或解释)…的范围  define one's position  明确某人的立场 3  make clear, esp. in outline (尤指用提纲)使清晰  well-defined image  清晰的图像 4  mark out the boundary or limits of 限定，确定…的界线 5 (of properties) make up the total character of 为(或是)…的特征(特性) □ definable  adj.  □ definer  n.   [Middle English from Old French definer, ultimately from Latin definire (as DE-, finire ‘finish’, from finis ‘end’)]

definite /ˈdefinit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having exact and discernible limits 确切的，明确的 2  clear and distinct; not vague 清楚的；明显的 3  certain, sure 一定的；肯定的  a definite offer  明确的报价 are you definite he was there?  你肯定他在那儿吗？ ●n.  a definite thing, esp. Gram. a noun denoting a definite thing or object 限定物 【语法】限定名词 □ definiteness  n.   [Latin definitus, past part. of definire (as DEFINE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DEFINITIVE. 见 DEFINITIVE 的用法说明。 

definite article n. Gram.  the word (the in English) preceding a noun and implying a specific or known instance 【语法】定冠词(英语中为 the)  as in 如 the book on the table  桌上的书 the art of government  管理艺术 the famous public school in Berkshire  伯克郡那所著名的私立寄宿学校

definite integral n. Math.  an integral expressed as the difference between the values of the integral at specified upper and lower limits of the independent variable 【数】定积分

definitely /ˈdefinitli/ adv. & int. ●adv.  1  in a definite manner 明确地，确切地 2  certainly; without doubt 肯定；无疑  they were definitely there  他们肯定在那儿 ●int. colloq.  yes, certainly [口]是，是的，一定

definition /defiˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of defining 限定，界定b  a statement of the meaning of a word or the nature of a thing 定义，界说 2  a  the degree of distinctness in outline of an object or image (esp. of an image produced by a lens or shown in a photograph or on a cinema or television screen) (物体轮廓或图像的)清晰度(尤指通过透镜或相片、电影、电视屏幕上图像的清晰度)b  making or being distinct in outline (轮廓)清晰 □ definitional  adj.  □ definitionally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin definitio (as DEFINE)]

definitive /diˈfinitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an answer, treaty, verdict, etc.) decisive, unconditional, final (答复、条约、裁定等)明确的；无条件的；最后的 2 (of an edition of a book etc.) most authoritative (书等的版本)权威的 3 (of a postage stamp) for permanent use, not special or commemorative etc. (邮票)普通的(有别于特种邮票和纪念邮票等) ●n.  a definitive postage stamp 普通邮票 □ definitively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French definitif -ive from Latin definitivus (as DEFINE)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, definitive is often confused with definite, which does not have connotations of authority and conclusiveness: a definite no is a firm refusal, whereas a definitive no is an authoritative judgement or decision that something is not the case. 释义 1 中的 definitive 和 definite 经常被人弄错。 definite 没有“权威”或“结论”的含义。 a definite no 是一个肯定的拒绝，而 a definitive no 却是一种权威性的判断或界定，意思是“绝不是那回事”。 

deflagrate /ˈdefləɡreit/ v. tr. & intr.  burn away with sudden flame (使)迅速燃烧；暴烧 □ deflagration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deflagrator  n.   [Latin deflagrare (as DE-, flagrare ‘blaze’)]

deflate /diˈfleit/ v.  1  a tr.  let air or gas out of (a tyre, balloon, etc.) 给(轮胎、气球等)放气b intr.  be emptied of air or gas 抽去空气(或气体) 2  a tr.  cause to lose confidence or conceit (使)泄气；挫掉傲气b intr.  lose confidence 泄气 3 Econ. 【经】  a tr.  subject (a currency or economy) to deflation 使(通货、经济)紧缩b intr.  pursue a policy of deflation 实行金融紧缩政策 4 tr.  reduce the importance of, depreciate 降低…的重要性；使贬值 □ deflator  n.   [DE- + INFLATE]

deflation /diˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of deflating or being deflated 放气，抽气 2 Econ.  reduction of the amount of money in circulation to increase its value as a measure against inflation 【经】通货紧缩 3 Geol.  the removal of particles of rock etc. by the wind 【地质】风蚀，吹蚀(岩石粒等) □ deflationary  adj.  □ deflationist  n. & adj.  

deflect /diˈflekt/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  bend or turn aside from a straight course or intended purpose (使)弯曲 , (使)偏斜 , (使)偏转 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a tr.  cause to deviate 使偏移，使转向b intr.  deviate 偏离，背离 [Latin deflectere (as DE-, flectere flex- ‘bend’)]

deflection /diˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 deflexion)  1  the act or process of deflecting or being deflected 偏斜；偏转 2  a lateral bend or turn; a deviation 横向弯曲；转向；偏差 3 Physics  the displacement of a pointer on an instrument from its zero position 【物理学】偏转(仪器的指针未归位) [Late Latin deflexio (as DEFLECT)]

deflector /diˈflektə/ n.  a thing that deflects, esp. a device for deflecting a flow of air etc. (空气等流动的)导向装置；致偏器

defloration /di:flɔ:ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  deflowering 摧花，奸污(处女) [Middle English from Old French or from Late Latin defloratio (as DEFLOWER)]

deflower /di:ˈflaʊə/ v. tr.  1  deprive (esp. a woman) of virginity 摧花；夺去(尤指妇女的)贞洁 2  ravage, spoil 毁坏；糟蹋 3  strip of flowers 摘…的花 [Middle English from Old French deflourer, des-, ultimately from Late Latin deflorare (as DE-, Latin flos floris ‘flower’)]

defocus /di:ˈfəʊkəs/ v. tr. & intr. (defocused, defocusing or defocussed, defocussing)  put or go out of focus (使)去焦

defoliate /di:ˈfəʊlieit/ v. tr.  remove leaves from, esp. as a military tactic (使)落叶(尤指作为一种军事策略) □ defoliant  n. & adj.  □ defoliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ defoliator  n.   [Late Latin defoliare, from folium ‘leaf’]

deforest /di:ˈfɒrist/ v. tr.  clear of forests or trees 采伐森林，清除树木 □ deforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deform /diˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 tr.  make ugly, deface 使变丑陋，毁损 2 tr.  put out of shape, misshape 使变形，使成畸形 3 intr.  undergo deformation; be deformed 变形，变畸形 □ deformable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French deformer etc. from medieval Latin difformare, ultimately from Latin deformare (as DE-, formare from forma ‘shape’)]

deformation /di:fɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  disfigurement 变形，毁损 2 Physics 【物理学】  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  change in shape 变形b  a quantity representing the amount of this change 变量 3  an altered form of a word (e.g. dang for damn 如 damn 的变化形式是 dang) 词的变化形式 □ deformational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French deformation or Latin deformatio (as DEFORM)]

deformed /diˈfɔ:md/ adj. (of a person or limb) misshapen (人或肢体)畸形的，奇怪形状的

deformity /diˈfɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being deformed; ugliness, disfigurement 残缺；丑陋；缺陷； (尤指身体、肢体)畸形 2  a malformation, esp. of body or limb 畸形 3  a moral defect; depravity 道德过失；堕落 [Middle English via Old French deformité etc. from Latin deformitas -tatis, from deformis (as DE-, forma ‘shape’)]

defraud /diˈfrɔ:d/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  cheat by fraud 骗取；诈取 □ defrauder  n.   [Middle English from Old French defrauder or Latin defraudare (as DE-, FRAUD)]

defray /diˈfrei/ v. tr.  provide money to pay (a cost or expense) 支付(费用或开支) □ defrayable  adj.  □ defrayal  n.  □ defrayment  n.   [French défrayer (as DE-, obsolete frai(t) ‘cost’, from medieval Latin fredum, -us ‘fine for breach of the peace’)]

defrock /di:ˈfrɒk/ v. tr.  deprive (a person, esp. a priest) of ecclesiastical status 解除(某人、尤指牧师的)圣职 [French défroquer (as DE-, FROCK)]

defrost /di:ˈfrɒst/ v.  1 tr.  a  free (the interior of a refrigerator) of excess frost, usu. by turning it off for a period (通常关机一段时间)给(冰箱)除霜b  remove frost or ice from (esp. the windscreen of a motor vehicle) 刮去(尤指汽车挡风玻璃上的)霜(或冰) 2 tr.  unfreeze (frozen food) 解冻(冷冻食品) 3 intr.  become unfrozen 化冻 □ defroster  n.  

deft /deft/ adj.  neatly skilful or dexterous; adroit 敏捷的，熟练的；灵巧的 □ deftly  adv.  □ deftness  n.   [Middle English, variant of DAFT in obsolete sense ‘meek’]

defunct /diˈfʌŋ(k)t/ adj.  1  no longer existing 不再存在的 2  no longer used or in fashion 不再使用的，过时的 3  dead or extinct 死了的；灭绝的 [Latin defunctus ‘dead’, past part. of defungi (as DE-, fungi ‘perform’)]

defuse /di:ˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1  remove the fuse from (an explosive device) 去掉(爆炸装置)的雷管，拆掉引信 2  reduce the tension or potential danger in (a crisis, difficulty, etc.) 缓和，平息(危机、困难等)

defy /diˈfai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  resist openly; refuse to obey 公然反抗；拒绝服从 2 (of a thing) present insuperable obstacles to 使成为不可能  defies solution  难以解决 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  challenge (a person) to do or prove something 向(某人)挑战；向…叫阵 4 archaic  challenge to combat [古义]激…进行格斗 [Middle English via Old French defier from Romanic (as DIS-, Latin fidus ‘faithful’)]

deg. abbr. [缩略]  degree 

degas /di:ˈɡæs/ v. tr. (degassed, degassing)  remove unwanted gas from 给…除气；去除…的毒气

degauss /di:ˈɡaʊs/ v. tr.  neutralize the magnetism in (a thing) by encircling it with a current-carrying conductor 给(某物)消磁，去磁 □ degausser  n.   [DE- + GAUSS]

degenerate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /diˈdʒen(ə)rət/  1  having lost the qualities that are normal and desirable or proper to its kind; fallen from former excellence 衰退；退化；堕落；变坏 2 Biol.  having a simplified structure 【生】退化 ●n. /diˈdʒen(ə)rət/  a degenerate person or animal 退化的人(或动物) ●v. intr. /diˈdʒenəreit/  become degenerate 退化 □ degeneracy  n.  □ degenerately  adv.   [Latin degeneratus, past part. of degenerare (as DE-, genus -eris ‘race’)]

degeneration /diˌdʒenəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of becoming degenerate 衰退；退化；堕落；恶化b  the state of being degenerate 倒退 2 Med.  morbid deterioration of tissue or change in its structure 【医】变性组织病理性退化(或结构变化) [Middle English from French dégéneration or from Late Latin degeneratio (as DEGENERATE)]

degenerative /diˈdʒen(ə)rətiv/ adj.  1  of or tending to degeneration 衰退的；退化的；变性的 2 (of disease) characterized by progressive often irreversible deterioration (疾病)恶化的

degrade /diˈɡreid/ v.  1 tr.  reduce to a lower rank, esp. as a punishment (尤指作为一种惩罚)降级 2 tr.  bring into dishonour or contempt 使屈辱；使堕落 3  lower in character or quality; debase 使退化；使降低，使贬低  degraded water quality  水质下降 4 tr. Chem.  reduce to a simpler molecular structure 【化】使降解(退化到更简单的分子结构) 5 tr. Physics  reduce (energy) to a less convertible form 【物理学】使(能量)降级；使衰变；使软化 6 tr. Geol.  wear down (rocks etc.) by disintegration 【地质】(岩石等因侵蚀)使陵削，使减削 7 intr.  degenerate 退化；堕落 8 intr. Chem.  disintegrate 【化】分解 □ degradable  adj.  □ degradability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ degradation  /deɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ degradative  /-dətiv/ adj.  □ degrader  n.   [Middle English via Old French degrader from ecclesiastical Latin degradare (as DE-, Latin gradus ‘step’)]

degrading /diˈɡreidiŋ/ adj.  humiliating; causing a loss of self-respect 降低身份的，丧失体面的；不名誉的 □ degradingly  adv.  

degrease /di:ˈɡri:s/ v. tr.  remove unwanted grease or fat from 使…脱脂；去除…的油垢 □ degreaser  n.  

degree /diˈɡri:/ n.  1  a stage in an ascending or descending scale, series, or process 程度，等级，阶段 2  a stage in intensity or amount 度数；轻重，量  to a high degree  很大程度上 in some degree  有几分 3  relative condition 方式；方面  each is good in its degree  各有所长 4 Math.  a unit of measurement of angles, one-ninetieth of a right angle or the angle subtended by one-three-hundred-and-sixtieth of the circumference of a circle (symbol ° as in 45°) 【数】(角度的测量单位)度(如 45° 中的“ ° ”) 5 Physics  a unit in a scale of temperature, hardness, etc. (abbr. 缩略 : deg.) (or omitted in the Kelvin scale of temperature 开氏温标不用) 【物理学】(温度、硬度等刻度单位)度，度数 6 Med.  each of a set of grades (usu. three) used to classify burns according to their severity 【医】烧伤度(通常有 3 级) often 常作 attrib.: third-degree burns  三度烧伤 7  an academic rank conferred by a college or university after examination or after completion of a course, or conferred as an honour on a distinguished person (学院、大学的)学位，学衔 8  a grade of crime or criminality (罪行的)轻重程度  murder in the first degree  一级谋杀罪 9  a step in direct genealogical descent 亲等 10  social or official rank 社会等级(或官阶) 11 Math.  the highest power of unknowns or variables in an equation etc. (equation of the third degree) 【数】(在方程等中的)次，幂 12  a masonic rank (共济会成员的)等级 13  a thing placed like a step in a series; a tier or row 级 14 Mus.  the classification of a note by its position in the scale 【音】(音阶上的)音级 □ by degrees   a little at a time; gradually 逐渐地□ to a degree  colloq.  considerably [口]在相当程度上；有点□ degreeless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French degré from Romanic (as DE-, Latin gradus ‘step’)]

degree of freedom n.  1 Physics  the independent direction in which motion can occur 【物理学】自由度 2 Chem.  the number of independent factors required to specify a system at equilibrium 【化】自由度 3 Statistics  the number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution 【统计学】自由度

degrees of comparison  see 见 COMPARISON 

degressive /diˈɡresiv/ adj.  1 (of taxation) at successively lower rates on low amounts (税)递减的 2  reducing in amount 下降的 [Latin degredi (as DE-, gradi ‘walk’)]

de haut en bas /də ˌəʊt ɒ˜ ˈbɑ:, 法 də ot ɑ˜ bɑ/ adv.  in a condescending or superior manner 屈尊地；傲慢地 [French, = from above to below]

dehisce /diˈhis/ v. intr.  gape or burst open (esp. of a pod or seed vessel or of a cut or wound) (尤指豆荚、种皮或刀口、伤口)开裂，裂开 □ dehiscence  n.  □ dehiscent  adj.   [Latin dehiscere (as DE-, hiscere inceptive of hiare ‘gape’)]

dehorn /di:ˈhɔ:n/ v. tr.  remove the horns from (an animal) 切去(动物的)角

dehumanize /di:ˈhju:mənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  deprive of human characteristics 使失去人性 2  make impersonal or machine-like 使非人化；使(机器一样地)无人性 □ dehumanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dehumidify /di:hju:ˈmidifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  reduce the degree of humidity of; remove moisture from (a gas, esp. air) 使干燥；(从气体，尤指空气中)除湿 □ dehumidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dehumidifier  n.  

dehydrate /di:ˈhaidreit/ v.  1 tr.  a  remove water from (esp. foods for preservation and storage in bulk) 使(尤指大量保存、储藏的食品)脱水b  make dry, esp. make (the body) deficient in water 使缺水(尤指使身体缺水)c  render lifeless or uninteresting 使失去活力(或无趣) 2 intr.  lose water 失水 □ dehydration  /-ˈdreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dehydrator  n.  脱水机；脱水器；脱水剂

dehydrogenate /di:haiˈdrɒdʒəneit/ v. tr. Chem.  remove a hydrogen atom or atoms from (a compound) 【化】从(化合物)中除去氢原子，使脱氢 □ dehydrogenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

de-ice /di:ˈais/ v. tr.  1  remove ice from 除去…上的冰 2  prevent the formation of ice on 防止在…上结冰

de-icer /di:ˈaisə/ n.  a device or substance for de-icing, esp. a windscreen or ice on an aircraft (尤指挡风玻璃、飞机上的)除冰装置；除冰器；除冰剂

deicide /ˈdi:isaid, ˈdeii-/ n.  1  the killer of a god 杀神者 2  the killing of a god 杀神行为 [ecclesiastical Latin deicida, from Latin deus ‘god’ + -CIDE]

deictic /ˈdaiktik/ adj. & n. Philol. & Gram. 【语文】【语法】  ●adj.  pointing, demonstrative 指示的；论证的 ●n.  a deictic word 指示词 [Greek deiktikos via deiktos ‘capable of proof’ from deiknumi ‘show’]

deify /ˈdi:ifai, ˈdeii-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make a god of 把…神化 2  regard or worship as a god 将…奉若神明 □ deification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French deifier from ecclesiastical Latin deificare, from deus ‘god’]

deign /dein/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  think fit, condescend 垂顾；降低身份；屈尊；俯就 2 tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) archaic  condescend to give (an answer etc.) [古义]赐予(答复等) [Middle English via Old French degnier, deigner, daigner from Latin dignare, -ari ‘deem worthy’, from dignus ‘worthy’]

Dei gratia /ˌdeii ˈɡrɑ:tiə, -ʃiə/ adv.  by the grace of God 蒙上帝的恩典 [Latin]

de-industrialization /ˌdi:indʌstriəlaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 de-industrialisation)  the process of removing industry from a place 撤走(或解除)某地的工业；削减某地的工业生产能力

deinothere /ˈdainə(ʊ)θiə/ n. (also 亦作 dinothere)  an extinct elephant-like animal of the genus Deinotherium, having downward curving tusks 恐兽(已绝种的形状似象有向下弯曲獠牙的恐象属生物) [modern Latin dinotherium, from Greek deinos ‘terrible’ + thērion ‘wild beast’]

deinstitutionalize /ˈdi:instiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. as 通常作 deinstitutionalized adj.)  1  remove from an institution or from the effects of institutional life 消除…的公共机构性质(或影响) 2  make less institutional; reorganize on more individual lines 使非制度化 □ deinstitutionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deionize /di:ˈaiənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove the ions or ionic constituents from (water, air, etc.) (从水、空气等中)除去离子 □ deionization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deionizer  n.  

Deirdre /ˈdiədri/   迪尔德丽 [人名]

deism /ˈdi:iz(ə)m, ˈdeii-/ n.  belief in the existence of a supreme being arising from reason rather than revelation (cf. 参见 THEISM) 自然神论；理神论 □ deist  n.  □ deistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ deistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin deus ‘god’ + -ISM]

deity /ˈdi:iti, ˈdeii-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a god or goddess 神；女神 2  divine status, quality, or nature 神的地位(身份)；神性 3 (作 the Deity)  the Creator, God 造物主；上帝 [Middle English via Old French deité from ecclesiastical Latin deitas -tatis, translation of Greek theotēs from theos ‘god’]

deject /diˈdʒekt/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 dejected adj.)  make sad or dispirited; depress 使沮丧；使气馁；使灰心 □ dejectedly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin dejicere (DE-, jacěre ‘throw’)]

dejection /diˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a dejected state; low spirits 沮丧；气馁 [Middle English from Latin dejectio (as DEJECT)]

de jure /di: ˈdʒʊəri, dei ˈjʊərei/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  rightful 合法的，依法的，有权的 ●adv.  rightfully; by right 合法地，依法地，正当地 [Latin]

dekko /ˈdekəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. slang  a look or glance [英] [俚语]看；瞥；望  took a quick dekko  很快对…看了一眼 [Hindi dekho, imperative of dekhnɑˉ ‘look’]

Del. abbr.  Delaware [缩略] (美国)特拉华州

delate /diˈleit/ v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  inform against; impeach (a person) 告发；弹劾(某人) 2  report (an offence) 报道，披露(罪行) □ delation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ delator  n.   [Latin delat- (as DE-, lat-, past part. stem of ferre ‘carry’)]

delay /diˈlei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  postpone; defer 推迟，使延期 , 2 tr.  make late 耽搁  was delayed at the traffic lights  红绿灯让我们耽搁了一会儿 3 intr.  loiter; be late 闲逛，游荡；晚到  don't delay!  别耽误了！ ●n.  1  the act or an instance of delaying; the process of being delayed 延迟，拖延 2  time lost by inaction or the inability to proceed 耽搁(耽误)的时间 3  a hindrance 妨碍；障碍 □ delayer  n.   [Middle English from Old French delayer (v.), delai (n.), probably from des- DIS- + laier ‘leave’: see RELAY1]

delayed action n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  the operation of something, esp. a bomb or camera, some time after being primed or set (尤指炸弹、相机)延期(的；) 定时(的)

delaying action n.  1 Mil.  an action fought to delay the advance of an enemy 【军】阻滞战斗 2  any action taken to delay an unwelcome event or process 拖延战术

delay line n.  a device producing a desired delay in the transmission of a signal (信号传送中的)延迟线

dele /ˈdi:li/ v. & n. Printing 【印刷】  ●v. tr. (deled, deleing)  delete or mark for deletion (a letter, word, etc., struck out of a text) 删除(文章内容)，划掉(字母、字等) ●n.  a sign marking something to be deleted; a deletion 删除符号 [Latin, imperative of delēre: see DELETE]

delectable /diˈlektəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 literary or joc. [文学用语] [诙]  delightful, lovely 使人愉快的；美好的 2 (of food) delicious (食物)美味的，可口的 □ delectability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ delectably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin delectabilis, from delectare DELIGHT]

delectation /di:lekˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. literary  pleasure, enjoyment [文学用语]愉快；享受  sang for his delectation  他高兴地唱了起来 [Middle English from Old French (as DELECTABLE)]

delegacy /ˈdeliɡəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a system of delegating 代表制度 2  a  an appointment as a delegate 代表的委派b  a body of delegates; a delegation 代表团；代表的地位

delegate n. & v. ●n. /ˈdeliɡət/  1  an elected representative sent to a conference (会议)代表 2  a member of a committee 委员会成员 3  a member of a deputation 代表团成员 ●v. tr. /ˈdeliɡeit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  commit (authority, power, etc.) to an agent or deputy 授予(或交托) (权限、权力等)b  entrust (a task) to another person 把(任务)委托(或信托)给他人 2  send or authorize (a person) as a representative; depute 授权(某人)为代表；交托 □ delegable  /ˈdeliɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ delegator  n.   [Middle English from Latin delegatus (as DE-, legare ‘depute’)]

delegation /deliˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a body of delegates; a deputation 代表团；代表的委派 2  the act or process of delegating or being delegated 委托行为(或过程) [Latin delegatio (as DELEGATE)]

delete /diˈli:t/ v. tr.  remove or obliterate (written or printed matter), esp. by striking out (尤指划掉)删除，删去(手写或印刷内容) □ deletion  /-ˈli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin delēre delet- ‘efface’]

deleterious /deliˈtiəriəs/ adj.  harmful (to the mind or body) (对身、心)有害的 □ deleteriously  adv.   [medieval Latin deleterius from Greek dēlētērios ‘noxious’]

delft /delft/ n. (also 亦作 delftware /ˈdelftwɛə/)  1  glazed, usu. blue and white, earthenware, made in Delft in Holland 代尔夫特陶器(通常蓝白色) 2  similar earthenware made in England 英格兰生产的类似陶器

deli /ˈdeli/ n. (pl. delis) colloq. [口]  = DELICATESSEN  [abbreviation]

Delia /ˈdi:ljə/   迪莉娅 [人名]

deliberate adj. & v. ●adj. /diˈlib(ə)rət/  1  a  intentional 有意的；故意的  a deliberate foul  故意犯规b  fully considered; not impulsive 深思熟虑的；非(一时)冲动的  made a deliberate choice  做出深思熟虑的选择 2  slow in deciding; cautious 审慎的；小心翼翼的  a ponderous and deliberate mind  从容而审慎的见解 3 (of movement etc.) leisurely and unhurried (动作等)从容不迫的；沉稳的 ●v. /diˈlibəreit/  1 intr.  think carefully; take counsel 仔细思考，商议  the jury deliberated for an hour  陪审团审议了一个小时 2 tr.  consider, discuss carefully 考虑；仔细讨论  deliberated the question  慎重考虑这个问题 □ deliberately  /diˈlib(ə)rətli/ adv.  □ deliberateness  /diˈlib(ə)rətnis/ n.  □ deliberator  /diˈlibəreitə/ n.   [Latin deliberatus, past part. of deliberare (as DE-, librare ‘weigh’ from libra ‘balance’)]

deliberation /diˌlibəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  careful consideration 深思熟虑 2  a  the discussion of reasons for and against 评议，审议，商议b  a debate or discussion 辩论(或讨论) 3  a  caution and care 小心；谨慎b (of movement) slowness or ponderousness (动作)缓慢，笨拙 [Middle English via Old French from Latin deliberatio -onis (as DELIBERATE)]

deliberative /diˈlib(ə)rətiv/ adj.  of, or appointed for the purpose of, deliberation or debate 审议的；起审议作用的；慎重的  a deliberative assembly  审议会 □ deliberatively  adv.  □ deliberativeness  n.   [French délibératif -ive or Latin deliberativus (as DELIBERATE)]

delicacy /ˈdelikəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (esp. in craftsmanship or artistic or natural beauty) fineness or intricacy of structure or texture; gracefulness (尤指工艺美术或自然美中的)精美；雅致 2  susceptibility to injury or disease; weakness 灵敏，敏感；柔弱，脆弱 3  the quality of requiring discretion or sensitivity 微妙；细腻  a situation of some delicacy  微妙的形势 4  a choice or expensive food 珍馐，佳肴 5  a  consideration for the feelings of others (对他人情感的)体贴，关怀b  avoidance of immodesty or vulgarity 谨慎；谦恭 6 (esp. in a person, a sense, or an instrument) accuracy of perception; sensitiveness (尤指人、感觉或仪表的)精确；灵敏；敏感 [Middle English, from DELICATE + -ACY]

delicate /ˈdelikət/ adj.  1  a  fine in texture or structure; soft, slender, or slight 精致的；精巧的；纤细的；柔弱的b  of intricate or exquisite quality or workmanship (质量、做工)精致的，精细的c (of colour) subtle or subdued; not bright (颜色)柔和的；不鲜亮的d  subtle, hard to appreciate 微妙的，难于欣赏的 2 (of a person) easily injured; susceptible to illness (人)易受伤害的；易得病的 3  a  requiring sensitive or careful handling; tricky 要求悉心处置的；难处理的；棘手的  a delicate situation  微妙的形势b (of an instrument) highly sensitive (仪器)高灵敏度的 4  deft 灵巧的，熟练的  a delicate touch  生花的妙笔 5 (of a person) avoiding the vulgar or offensive (人)高雅的；不俗的 6 (esp. of actions) considerate (尤指行为)考虑周到的，为他人着想的 7 (of food) dainty; suitable for an invalid (食物)精美的；可口的 □ in a delicate condition  archaic  pregnant [古义]怀孕□ delicately  adv.  □ delicateness  n.   [Middle English from Old French delicat or Latin delicatus, of unknown origin]

delicatessen /ˌdelikəˈtes(ə)n/ n.  1  a shop selling cooked meats, cheeses, and unusual or foreign prepared foods 熟食店 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  such foods collectively 熟食(总称)  a delicatessen counter  熟食柜台 [German Delikatessen or Dutch delicatessen from French délicatesse, from délicat (as DELICATE)]

delicious /diˈliʃəs/ adj.  1  highly delightful and enjoyable to the taste or sense of smell 美味的，芬芳的 2 (of a joke etc.) very witty or much appreciated (笑话等)十分诙谐的；令人棒腹的 □ deliciously  adv.  □ deliciousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin deliciosus from Latin deliciae ‘delight’]

delict /diˈlikt, ˈdi:likt/ n. archaic  a violation of the law; an offence [古义]犯罪；不法行为 [Latin delictum, neut. past part. of delinquere ‘offend’ (as DE-, linquere ‘leave’)]

delight /diˈlait/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, or that + clause, or to + infin.)  please greatly 使高兴，使喜欢，使满意  the gift delighted them  这件礼物令他们高兴 was delighted that you won  对你们获胜感到高兴 delighted with the result  对结果感到满意 am delighted to help  乐于帮忙 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, or to + infin.)  take great pleasure; be highly pleased 非常喜欢；乐于  delighted in her success  为她的成功而高兴 they delighted to help  他们乐于帮忙 ●n.  1  great pleasure 乐趣 2  something giving pleasure 令人愉快的事  her singing is a delight  她的演唱给人以享受 □ delighted  adj.  □ delightedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French delitier, delit, from Latin delectare, frequentative of delicere: spelling with -gh- influenced by light etc.]

delightful /diˈlaitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  causing delight; very pleasant, charming 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的，可爱的 □ delightfully  adv.  □ delightfulness  n.  

Delilah /diˈlailə/ n.  a seductive and wily temptress 迪莱拉(妖娆而机智的女人) [Delilah, betrayer of Samson (Judges 16)]

delimit /diˈlimit/ v. tr. (delimited, delimiting)  1  determine the limits of 定…的界限 2  fix the territorial boundary of 划定…的领土界限 □ delimitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ delimiter  n.   [French délimiter from Latin delimitare (as DE-, limitare from limes -itis ‘boundary’)]

delimitate /diˈlimiteit/ v. tr.  = DELIMIT 

delineate /diˈlinieit/ v. tr.  portray by drawing etc. or in words (用绘画等)画出；描写  delineated her character  描绘她的性格 □ delineation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ delineator  n.   [Latin delineare delineat- (as DE-, lineare from linea ‘line’)]

delinquency /diˈliŋkw(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  minor crime in general, esp. that of young people 行为不良； (尤指未成年人的)犯罪  juvenile delinquency  少年犯罪b  a crime, usu. not of a serious kind; a misdeed (尤指不重的)轻罪；过失 2  wickedness 邪恶  moral delinquency  品行不端 an act of delinquency  懈怠行为 3  neglect of one's duty 玩忽职守 [ecclesiastical Latin delinquentia from Latin delinquens, part. of delinquere (as DELICT)]

delinquent /diˈliŋkw(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  an offender 违法者  juvenile delinquent  少年罪犯 ●adj.  1  guilty of a minor crime or a misdeed 行为不端的，有过失的 2  failing in one's duty 失职的 3 US  in arrears [美]到期未付的；拖欠的 □ delinquently  adv.  

deliquesce /deliˈkwes/ v. intr.  1  become liquid, melt 溶解；液化 2 Chem.  dissolve in water absorbed from the air 【化】潮解 □ deliquescence  n.  □ deliquescent  adj.   [Latin deliquescere (as DE-, liquescere, inceptive of liquēre ‘be liquid’)]

delirious /diˈliriəs/ adj.  1  affected with delirium; temporarily or apparently mad; raving 神志昏迷的；谵妄的；胡言乱语的 2  wildly excited, ecstatic 狂喜的；心醉神迷的 3 (of behaviour) betraying delirium or ecstasy (行为)精神错乱的；发狂的 □ deliriously  adv.  

delirium /diˈliriəm/ n.  1  an acutely disordered state of mind involving incoherent speech, hallucinations, and frenzied excitement, occurring in metabolic disorders, intoxication, fever, etc. (出现在代谢失调、中毒、发烧等中的)神志昏迷，谵妄，说胡话 2  great excitement, ecstasy 极度兴奋，狂喜 [Latin, from delirare ‘be deranged’ (as DE-, lira ‘ridge between furrows’)]

delirium tremens /ˈtri:menz, ˈtre-/ n.  a psychosis of chronic alcoholism involving tremors and hallucinations (酒后的)震颤性谵妄 [Latin, = trembling delirium]

deliver /diˈlivə/ v. tr.  1  a  distribute (letters, parcels, ordered goods, etc.) to the addressee or the purchaser (信、包裹、定购的物品等)投递；分送；送交；递送b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  hand over 移交；把…交托  delivered the boy safely to his teacher  把这个男孩安全地交托给他的老师 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  save, rescue, or set free 解救；救援，使释放  delivered him from his enemies  把他从敌人手里救出来 3  a  give birth to 生育  delivered a girl  生了个女孩b (in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 of)  give birth 分娩  was delivered of a child  生了一个小孩c  assist at the birth of 接生  delivered six babies that week  那一周接生了 6 个婴儿d  assist in giving birth 助产  delivered the patient successfully  给患者顺利助产 4  a (often 常作 refl.)  utter or recite (an opinion, a speech, etc.) 发表；讲(意见、演说等)  delivered himself of the observation  他发表了自己的评论 delivered the sermon well  天花乱坠的说教b (of a judge) pronounce (a judgement) (法官)宣告(判决) 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, over)  abandon; surrender; hand over 离弃，丢弃；投向；移交  delivered his soul up to God  把他的灵魂交给了上帝 6  present or render (an account) 提供；开出(账单) 7  launch or aim (a blow, a ball, or an attack) 给予(打击；) 投(或掷) (球；) 发起(攻击) 8 Law  hand over formally (esp. a sealed deed to a grantee) 【法律】正式交付(尤指盖有印章的契据) 9 (absol. [含宾]) colloq. [口]  = deliver the goods  10 US  cause (voters etc.) to support a candidate [美] (为竞选者)拉(选票人) □ deliver the goods  colloq.  carry out one's part of an agreement [口]履行诺言；不负所望□ deliverable  adj. & n.  □ deliverer  n.   [Middle English via Old French delivrer from Gallo-Roman (as DE-, LIBERATE)]

deliverance /diˈliv(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of rescuing; the process of being rescued 救援；救助b  a rescue 营救 2  a formally expressed opinion (正式的)意见；判决 [Middle English from Old French delivrance (as DELIVER)]

delivery /diˈliv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the delivering of letters etc. (信件等的)投递b  a regular distribution of letters etc. (信件等的)分类；分送  two deliveries a day  一天投递两次c  something delivered 投递物 2  a  the process of childbirth 分娩(过程)b  an act of this 分娩(动作) 3  deliverance 意见；判决 4  a  an act of pitching, esp. of a cricket ball (尤指板球的)投掷；投球b  the style of such an act 投球法  a good delivery  一记妙投 5  the act of giving or surrendering 放弃；交出  delivery of the town to the enemy  把城市拱手让给敌人 6  a  the uttering of a speech etc. (演讲等)发表b  the manner or style of such a delivery 演讲的方式(风格)  a measured delivery  审慎的演讲方式 7 Law 【法律】  a  the formal handing over of property 财产的正式移交b  the transfer of a deed to a grantee or a third party 立契转让(给受让人或第三方) □ take delivery of   receive (something purchased) 收(所购的)货 [Middle English from Anglo-French delivree, fem. past part. of delivrer (as DELIVER)]

dell /del/ n.  a small usu. wooded hollow or valley (通常林木繁茂的)小谷；小溪谷 [Old English from Germanic]

Della /ˈdelə/   黛拉 [人名]

Della Cruscan /delə ˈkrʌskən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Academy della Crusca in Florence, concerned with the purity of the Italian language (旨在纯洁意大利语言的) (有关)秕糠学会的 2  of or concerning a late 18th-c. school of English poets with an artificial style (有关)秕糠诗派的 (18 世纪晚期英国诗人中的一种矫揉造作风格) ●n.  a member of the Academy della Crusca or the late 18th-c. school of English poets 18 世纪晚期秕糠学会会员(或秕糠诗派的诗人) [Italian (Accademia) della Crusca ‘ (Academy) of the bran’ (with reference to sifting)]

delocalize /di:ˈləʊk(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  detach or remove (a thing) from its place 使(某物)离开原位b  not limit to a particular location 去除…的地方影响；消除…的地方性 2 (as 作 delocalized adj.) Chem. (of electrons) shared among more than two atoms in a molecule 【化】(电子)使离域；使去域 □ delocalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

delouse /di:ˈlaʊs/ v. tr.  rid (a person or animal) of lice 驱除(人、动物的)虱子

Delphic /ˈdelfik/ adj. (also 亦作 Delphian /-fiən/)  1 (of an utterance, prophecy, etc.) obscure, ambiguous, or enigmatic (说话、预言等)意义不明的；高深莫测的；模棱两可的；神秘的 2  of or concerning the ancient Greek oracle at Delphi (有关)德尔斐神谕的

delphinium /delˈfiniəm/ n. (pl. delphiniums)  any garden plant of the genus Delphinium (buttercup family), with tall spikes of usu. blue flowers 飞燕草(一种毛茛属园艺花卉，通常开蓝花) [modern Latin from Greek delphinion ‘larkspur’, from delphin ‘dolphin’ (from the shape of the spur)]

delphinoid /ˈdelfinɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Zool.  of or relating to the cetacean division Delphinoidea, which includes dolphins, porpoises, grampuses, etc. 【动】(有关)海豚类动物(包括海豚、鼠海豚、逆戟鲸等)的 2  dolphin-like 似海豚的 ●n.  1 Zool.  a member of the division Delphinoidea 【动】海豚类动物 2  a dolphin-like animal 类似海豚的动物 [Greek delphinoeidēs from delphin ‘dolphin’]

delta /ˈdeltə/ n.  1  a triangular tract of deposited earth, alluvium, etc., at the mouth of a river, formed by its diverging outlets (沉积土、冲积层等的)三角洲 2  a  the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (Δ，δ) 希腊字母表的第 4 个字(Δ，δ)b Brit.  a fourth-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英] (工作或考试成绩的)第四等 3 (作 Delta) Astron.  the fourth (usu. fourth-brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive 后跟拉丁语属格 : Delta Cephei 仙王座δ(星)) 【天】(星空中亮度为四等的)四等星 4 Math.  an increment of a variable 【数】(变量的)增量 □ deltaic  /delˈteiik/ adj.   [Middle English via Greek from Phoenician daleth]

delta connection n.  a triangular arrangement of three-phase windings with circuit wire from each angle 三角(形)接法

delta rays n. pl.  rays of low penetrative power consisting of slow electrons ejected from an atom by the impact of ionizing radiation δ射线

delta rhythm n. (also 亦作 delta waves)  low-frequency electrical activity of the brain during sleep 节律(熟睡状态的脑电波)

delta wing n.  the triangular swept-back wing of an aircraft (后掠式)三角形机翼

deltiology /deltiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the collecting and study of postcards 图画明信片的收集(与研究) □ deltiologist  n.   [Greek deltion, diminutive of deltos ‘writing-tablet’ + -LOGY]

deltoid /ˈdeltɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  triangular; like a river delta 三角形的；似三角洲的 ●n. (in full 全称 deltoid muscle)  a thick triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and used for raising the arm away from the body 三角肌 [French deltoïde or modern Latin deltoides from Greek deltoeidēs (as DELTA, -OID)]

delude /diˈlu:d, -ˈlju:d/ v. tr.  deceive or mislead 迷惑；哄骗  deluded by false optimism  为一种虚假的乐观主义所迷惑 □ deluder  n.   [Middle English from Latin deludere ‘mock’ (as DE-, ludere lus- ‘play’)]

deluge /ˈdelju:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a great flood 大洪水 2 (作 the Deluge)  the biblical Flood (Gen. 6-8) (《圣经·创世纪》 6-8) 洪水灭世，大激流 3  a great outpouring (of words, paper, etc.) (文字、文章等)似洪水般的涌来 4  a heavy fall of rain 豪雨 ●v. tr.  1  flood 淹没 2  inundate with a great number or amount (大量或大批地)泛滥；使充满  deluged with complaints  满怀怨言 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diluvium, related to lavare ‘wash’]

delusion /diˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n.  1  a false belief or impression 错觉；谬见；误会 2 Psychol.  this as a symptom or form of mental disorder 【心】妄想 □ delusional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin delusio (as DELUDE)]

delusions of grandeur n. pl.  a false idea of oneself as being important, noble, famous, etc. 妄自尊大症(认为自己重要、高贵、有名望等)

delusive /diˈlu:siv, -ˈlju:-/ adj.  1  deceptive or unreal 欺骗的；虚幻的 2  disappointing 令人失望的 □ delusively  adv.  □ delusiveness  n.  

delusory /diˈlu:s(ə)ri, -ˈlju:-; -z-/ adj.  = DELUSIVE  [Late Latin delusorius (as DELUSION)]

delustre /di:ˈlʌstə/ v. tr. (US [美] deluster)  remove the lustre from (a textile) 消去(织物的)光泽

de luxe /di ˈlʌks, ˈlʊks/ adj.  1  luxurious or sumptuous 豪华的；奢侈的 2  of a superior kind 高级的；超凡的 [French, = of luxury]

delve /delv/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into)  a  search energetically 搜索；翻查  delved into his pocket  他伸手在口袋里摸索b  make a laborious search in documents etc.; research 钻研(文件等；) 探究  delved into his family history  探索他的家史 2 tr. & intr. poet.  dig [诗]挖掘 □ delver  n.   [Old English delfan, from West Germanic]

Dem. abbr. US [缩略] [美]  Democrat 

demagnetize /di:ˈmæɡnitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove the magnetic properties of 给…消磁，去磁 □ demagnetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ demagnetizer  n.  

demagogue /ˈdeməɡɒɡ/ n. (US [美] -gog)  1  a political agitator appealing to the basest instincts of a mob 蛊惑民心的政客 2  a leader of the people, esp. in ancient times (尤指古代的)民众领袖 □ demagogic  /-ˈɡɒɡik/ adj.  □ demagoguery  /-ˈɡɒɡ(ə)ri/ n.  □ demagogy  n.   [Greek dēmagōgos, from dēmos ‘the people’ + agōgos ‘leading’]

demand /diˈmɑ:nd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an insistent and peremptory request, made as of right (坚持不懈地断然)要求；强求；请求 2 Econ.  the desire of purchasers or consumers for a commodity 【经】需要，需求  no demand for solid tyres these days  近日对实心轮胎没有需求 3  an urgent claim 迫切需求  care of her mother makes demands on her  迫切需要她去照顾自己的母亲 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, from, or to + infin., or that + clause)  ask for (something) insistently and urgently, as of right (坚持急切地)要求(某物)  demanded to know  要求知道 demanded five pounds from him  向他要 5 英镑 demanded that his wife be present  要求他妻子出席 2  require or need 要求，需要  a task demanding skill  需要技能的工作 3  insist on being told 坚持被告知  demanded her business  坚持要告知她的职责所在 4 (as 作 demanding adj.)  making demands; requiring skill, effort, etc. 有要求的；要求技能(或需要做出努力)的  a demanding but worthwhile job  要求很高但值得一做的工作 □ in demand   sought after 有需求□ on demand   as soon as a demand is made 一旦(有)要求  a cheque payable on demand  见票即付的支票□ demander  n.  □ demandingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French demande (n.), demander (v.) from Latin demandare ‘entrust’ (as DE-, mandare ‘order’: see MANDATE)]

demand feeding n.  the practice of feeding a baby when it cries for a feed rather than at set times 需求喂养法

demand-led adj. Econ.  motivated or propelled by demand, esp. from consumers 【经】(尤指受消费者)需求引导的

demand note n.  1  a written request for payment 支付申请书 2 N. Amer.  a bill payable at sight [北美]见票即付的票据，即期票据

demand pull n.  available money as a factor causing economic inflation 需求引起的通货膨胀

demantoid /diˈmæntɔid/ n.  a lustrous green garnet 翠榴石 [German, from obsolete Demant ‘diamond’]

demarcation /di:mɑ:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of marking a boundary or limits 分界；立界；限界 2 Brit.  the trade-union practice of strictly assigning specific jobs to different unions [英] (某项工作由某一工会来承担的)工种界线 □ demarcate  /ˈdi:-/ v. tr.  □ demarcator  /ˈdi:-/ n.   [Spanish demarcación from demarcar ‘mark the bounds of’ (as DE-, MARK1)]

demarcation dispute n. Brit.  an inter-union dispute about who does a particular job [英] (工会之间关于谁来做某一特定工作的)分工争论

dematerialize /di:məˈtiəriəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become non-material or spiritual (esp. of psychic phenomena etc.) 使非物质化；使失去物质的特性(尤指超自然现象等) □ dematerialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deme /di:m/ n.  1  a  a political division of Attica in ancient Greece (古希腊阿提卡的)市区b  an administrative division in modern Greece (现代)希腊的行政区划 2 Biol.  a local population of closely related plants or animals 【生】同类群 [Greek dēmos ‘the people’]

demean1 /diˈmi:n/ v. tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.)  lower the dignity or status of 贬低…的身份；有辱…的人格  would not demean myself to take it  拿它不会使自己掉价 [DE- + MEAN2, on the pattern of debase]

demean2 /diˈmi:n/ v. refl. (with adv. 与副词连用)  behave 使表现；使行为举止显出某种特征  demeaned himself well  他表现良好 [Middle English via Old French demener from Romanic (as DE-, Latin minare ‘drive animals’ from minari ‘threaten’)]

demeanour /diˈmi:nə/ n. (US [美] demeanor)  outward behaviour or bearing 行为，举止 [DEMEAN2, probably influenced by obsolete havour ‘behaviour’]

dement /diˈment/ n. archaic  a demented person [古义]狂人；疯子 [originally adj., from French dément or Latin demens (as DEMENTED)]

demented /diˈmentid/ adj.  mad; crazy 发狂的；精神错乱的 □ dementedly  adv.  □ dementedness  n.   [past part. of earlier verb dement: from Old French dementer or from Late Latin dementare, from demens ‘out of one's mind’ (as DE-, mens mentis ‘mind’)]

dementia /diˈmenʃə/ n. Med.  a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes marked by memory disorders, personality changes, impaired reasoning, etc., due to brain disease or injury 【医】痴呆(表现为记忆力衰退、人格改变、语无伦次等) [Latin from demens (as DEMENTED)]

dementia praecox /ˈpri:kɒks/ n.  schizophrenia 精神分裂症

demerara /deməˈrɛərə, -ˈrɑ:rə/ n. (in full 全称 demerara sugar)  light brown cane sugar coming originally and chiefly from Demerara 德梅拉拉蔗糖(产于德梅拉拉的淡棕色砂糖) [Demerara, region of Guyana]

demerge /di:ˈmɜ:dʒ/ v. tr.  separate (a business) from another 把(一公司从另一公司)拆分出来；使分离

demerger /di:ˈmɜ:dʒə/ n.  the act of demerging a business 联合大企业的分拆(拆散)

demerit /di:ˈmerit/ n.  1  a quality or action deserving blame; a fault 缺点；过失 2 N. Amer.  a mark awarded against an offender [北美]记过；记过的纪录 □ demeritorious  /-ˈtɔ:riəs/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French de(s)merite or Latin demeritum, neut. past part. of demerēri ‘deserve’]

demersal /diˈmɜ:s(ə)l/ adj. (of a fish etc.) being or living near the sea bottom (cf. 参见 PELAGIC) (鱼等)在海底的；近海底的 [Latin demersus, past part. of demergere (as DE-, mergere ‘plunge’)]

demesne /diˈmein, diˈmi:n/ n.  1  a  a sovereign's or state's territory; a domain 领地；领土；国土b  land attached to a mansion etc. (宅邸等)周围的土地c  landed property; an estate 地产，私有地 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a region or sphere 区域；领域 3 Law hist.  possession (of real property) as one's own 【法律】[史义] (自己拥有不动产的)占有 □ held in demesne  (of an estate) occupied by the owner, not by tenants 私有(土地) (不是承租土地) [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French demeine (later Anglo-French demesne) ‘belonging to a lord’ from Latin dominicus (as DOMINICAL)]

demi- /ˈdemi/ prefix  1  half; half-size 一半；半部分 2  partially or imperfectly such (demigod 半神半人) 半，部分 [Middle English via French from medieval Latin dimedius ‘half’, for Latin dimidius]

demigod /ˈdemiɡɒd/ n. (fem. -goddess /-ɡɒdis/)  1  a  a partly divine being 半神半人b  the offspring of a god or goddess and a mortal 神(女神或凡人所生)的后代 2 colloq.  a person of compelling beauty, powers, or personality [口] (美貌、权利、人格)受人崇拜的人

demijohn /ˈdemidʒɒn/ n.  a bulbous narrow-necked bottle holding from 3 to 10 gallons and usu. in a wicker cover 大酒瓶，酒坛子(通常颈细，外有柳条护筐) [probably corruption of French dame-jeanne ‘Lady Jane’, assimilated to DEMI- + the name John]

demilitarize /di:ˈmilit(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove a military organization or forces from (a frontier, a zone, etc.) 解除(边境、地区等)的武装，使…非军事化 □ demilitarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demi-mondaine /ˈdemimɒnˌdein, 法 dəmimɔ˜dɛn/ n.  a woman of a demi-monde “风流社会”的女人，名声不好的女人；交际花

demi-monde /demiˈmɒnd, 法 dəmimɔ˜d/ n.  1  a hist.  a class of women in 19th-c. France considered to be of doubtful social standing and morality [史义] (19 世纪法国的)社会地位(和道德)值得怀疑的妇女b  a similar class of women in any society “风流社会”的女人 2  any group considered to be on the fringes of respectable society 名声不好的女人们 [French, = half-world]

demineralize /di:ˈmin(ə)r(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove salts from (sea water etc.) (从海水等中)去除盐 □ demineralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demi-pension /demiˈpɒ˜sjɒ˜, 法 dəmipɑ˜sjɔ˜/ n.  hotel accommodation with bed, breakfast, and one main meal per day 半寄膳(每天在旅馆住宿并提供早餐和一顿正餐) [French (as DEMI-, PENSION2)]

demirep /ˈdemirep/ n. archaic  a woman of doubtful sexual reputation [古义]名声不好的女人；不正派的女人 [abbreviation of demi-reputable]

demise /diˈmaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  death 死亡；终止  left a will on her demise  她临死时留下遗嘱 the demise of the agreement  合同的终止 2 Law  conveyance or transfer (of property, a title, etc.) by demising 【法律】(因死亡而带来的财产、头衔的)转让，让与 ●v. tr. Law 【法律】  1  convey or grant (an estate) by will or lease (通过遗嘱或租约)让与；遗赠(不动产) 2  transmit (a title etc.) by death (因死亡)禅让(头衔等) [Anglo-French, past part. of Old French de(s)mettre DISMISS, in refl. ‘abdicate’, used as a noun]

demisemiquaver /ˈdemisemiˌkweivə/ n. Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of half a semiquaver and represented by a large dot with a three-hooked stem [英]【音】三十二分音符

demist /di:ˈmist/ v. tr.  clear mist from (a windscreen etc.) 消除(挡风玻璃等)的雾 □ demister  n.  

demit /diˈmit/ v. tr. (demitted, demitting) (often absol. [常含宾])  resign or abdicate (an office etc.) 辞(职)，退(职等) □ demission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French démettre from Latin demittere (as DE-, mittere miss- ‘send’)]

demitasse /ˈdemitæs/ n.  1  a small coffee cup 小咖啡杯 2  its contents 小杯咖啡 [French, = half-cup]

demiurge /ˈdi:miɜ:dʒ, ˈdem-/ n.  1 (in the philosophy of Plato) the creator of the universe (柏拉图哲学中的)造物主；物质世界创造者 2 (in Gnosticism etc.) a heavenly being subordinate to the Supreme Being (在诺斯替教等中的)巨匠造物主(指低于最高神的物质世界创造者) □ demiurgic  /-ˈɜ:dʒik/ adj.   [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek dēmiourgos ‘craftsman’, from dēmios ‘public’ (from dēmos ‘people’) + -ergos ‘working’]

demo /ˈdeməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1  = DEMONSTRATION 2, 3  2 (作 attrib.)  demonstrating the capabilities of computer software, a group of musicians, etc. (计算机软件、音乐家们等能力的)演示  demo software  演示软件 demo tape  录音样带 [abbreviation]

demob /di:ˈmɒb/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. tr. (demobbed, demobbing)  demobilize 遣散(军队；) 使(军人)复员 ●n.  demobilization (军队)遣散；复员 [abbreviation]

demobilize /di:ˈməʊbilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  disband (troops, ships, etc.) 遣散(军队、舰只等) □ demobilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French démobiliser (as DE-, MOBILIZE)]

democracy /diˈmɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a system of government by the whole population, usu. through elected representatives (通常经过选举代表的)民主制度b  a state so governed 民主国家c  any organization governed on democratic principles 民主团体 2  an egalitarian and tolerant form of society 民主社会 [French démocratie via Late Latin democratia from Greek dēmokratia, from dēmos ‘the people’ + -CRACY]

democrat /ˈdeməkræt/ n.  1  an advocate of democracy 民主主义者 2 (作 Democrat) (in the US) a member of the Democratic Party (美国)民主党人 [French démocrate (as DEMOCRACY), on the pattern of aristocrate]

democratic /deməˈkrætik/ adj.  1  of, like, practising, advocating, or constituting democracy or a democracy (似)民主的；实施(提倡)民主主义的； (构成)民主政体的 2  favouring social equality 主张社会平等的 □ democratically  adv.   [French démocratique via medieval Latin democraticus from Greek dēmokratikos, from dēmokratia DEMOCRACY]

democratic centralism n.  an organizational system in which policy is decided centrally and is binding on all members 民主集中制

Democratic Party n.  one of the two main US political parties, considered to favour social reform (cf. 参见 REPUBLICAN PARTY) (美国两大政党中被认为主张社会改革的)民主党

Democratic People's Republic of Korea   朝鲜

Democratic Republic of Congo   刚果(金)

democratize /diˈmɒkrətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make (a state, institution, etc.) democratic 使(国家、机构等)民主化 □ democratization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demodulate /di:ˈmɒdjʊleit/ v. tr. Physics 【物理学】  1  extract (a modulating signal) from its carrier 检波；解调(调制信号) 2  separate a modulating signal from 解调(信号) □ demodulation  /ˌdi:mɒdjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  解调；检波□ demodulator  n.  

demographics /deməˈɡræfiks/ n. pl.  statistical data relating to the population and groups within it, used esp. in the identification of consumer markets (尤指用于确认消费者市场的)人口统计数据

demography /diˈmɒɡrəfi/ n.  the study of the statistics of births, deaths, disease, etc., as illustrating the conditions of life in communities (研究出生、死亡、疾病等的)人口学；人口统计学 □ demographer  n.  □ demographic  /deməˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ demographical  /deməˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ demographically  /deməˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek dēmos ‘the people’ + -GRAPHY]

demoiselle /demwɑ:ˈzel/ n.  1 (in full 全称 demoiselle crane)  a small crane, Anthropoides virgo, native to Asia and N. Africa (产于亚洲和北非的)蓑羽鹤 2  a  a damselfly 豆娘b  a damselfish 雀鲷 3 archaic  a young woman [古义]年轻女人；未婚少女 [French, = DAMSEL]

demolish /diˈmɒliʃ/ v. tr.  1  a  pull down (a building) 拆毁，推倒(建筑物)b  completely destroy or break 毁坏；粉碎 2  overthrow (an institution) 推翻(制度) 3  refute (an argument, theory, etc.) 反驳；驳倒(争论、理论等) 4 joc.  eat up completely and quickly [诙]快速吃光，一扫而光 □ demolisher  n.  □ demolition  /deməˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ demolitionist  /deməˈliʃ(ə)nist/ n.   [French démolir from Latin demoliri (as DE-, moliri molit- ‘construct’ from moles ‘mass’)]

demon /ˈdi:mən/ n.  1  a  an evil spirit or devil, esp. one thought to possess a person 恶魔，魔鬼(尤指依附于某人身上的一种思想)b  the personification of evil passion 邪恶的化身 2  a malignant supernatural being; the Devil 凶神恶煞，魔鬼 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a forceful, fierce, or skilful performer 精力过人之人；技艺出众的人  a demon on the tennis court  网球场上的奇才 a demon player  好手，鬼才 4  a cruel or destructive person 恶棍；凶恶的人；捣蛋鬼 5 (also 亦作 daemon)  a  an inner or attendant spirit; a genius 精灵；天才  the demon of creativity  创造发明天才b  a divinity or supernatural being in ancient Greece (古希腊的)神灵(或神) □ a demon for work  colloq.  a person who works strenuously [口]工作狂 [Middle English via medieval Latin demon and Latin daemon from Greek daimōn ‘deity’]

demon bowler n. Cricket  a particularly successful bowler in a match or series 【板球】快速神投手

demonetize /di:ˈmʌnitaiz, -mɒn-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  withdraw (a coin etc.) from use as money 废止(硬币等的)流通 □ demonetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French démonétiser (as DE-, Latin moneta MONEY)]

demoniac /diˈməʊniæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = DEMONIC  ●n.  a person supposedly possessed by an evil spirit 着魔的人；精神错乱者 □ demoniacal  /di:məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  □ demoniacally  /di:məˈnaiək(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French demoniaque from ecclesiastical Latin daemoniacus, from daemonium, from Greek daimonion, diminutive of daimōn: see DEMON]

demonic /diˈmɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 daemonic)  1  fiercely energetic or frenzied 凶恶的；狂热的 2  a  supposedly possessed by an evil spirit 被恶魔缠身的b  of or concerning such possession (有关)着魔的 3  of or like demons (似)魔鬼的 4  having or seeming to have supernatural genius or power (似)通神意的；(似)超凡的 [Late Latin daemonicus from Greek daimonikos (as DEMON)]

demonism /ˈdi:məniz(ə)m/ n.  belief in the power of demons 魔鬼信仰

demonize /ˈdi:mənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make into or like a demon 使成为魔鬼；使似魔鬼 2  represent as a demon 使魔鬼附身 □ demonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demonolatry /di:məˈnɒlətri/ n.  the worship of demons 崇拜鬼神

demonology /di:məˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of demons etc. 鬼神(鬼魔等)学 □ demonologist  n.  

demonopolize /di:məˈnɒpəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make no longer a monopoly 取消对…的专卖权

demonstrable /diˈmɒnstrəb(ə)l, ˈdemən-/ adj.  capable of being shown or logically proved 可论证的；可证明的；可表明的 □ demonstrability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ demonstrably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin demonstrabilis (as DEMONSTRATE)]

demonstrate /ˈdemənstreit/ v.  1 tr.  show evidence of (feelings etc.) 显示，表示(感情等) 2 tr.  describe and explain (a scientific proposition, machine, etc.) by experiment, practical use, etc. (通常试验、实际使用等)描述；解释(科学命题、机器装置等) 3 tr.  a  logically prove the truth of 证明；论证b  be proof of the existence of 证实 4 intr.  take part in or organize a public demonstration (进行)示威 5 intr.  act as a demonstrator 参加示威活动 [Latin demonstrare (as DE-, monstrare ‘show’)]

demonstration /demənˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the outward showing of feeling etc. (情绪等的)显露，表露b  an instance of this 流露 2  a public meeting, march, etc., for a political or moral purpose 示威游行；示威集会(示威运动等) 3  a  a practical exhibition or explanation of something, designed to teach or inform 展示，解释b  a practical display of a piece of equipment to show its capabilities 演示 4  proof provided by logic, argument, etc. (根据逻辑、论点等提出的)证据，实证 5 Mil.  a show of military force 【军】军事力量的展示；佯动 □ demonstrational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French demonstration or Latin demonstratio (as DEMONSTRATE)]

demonstrative /diˈmɒnstrətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  given to or marked by an open expression of feeling, esp. of affection 感情外露的；易动感情的(尤指充满深情)  a very demonstrative person  感情外露的人 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  logically conclusive; giving proof 逻辑论证的；可举例证明的  the work is demonstrative of their skill  这件作品证明了他们的技巧 3  a  serving to point out or exhibit 示范的；展示的b  involving esp. scientific demonstration 演示的(尤指科学展示)  demonstrative technique  演示技巧 4 Gram. (of an adjective or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to (e.g. 如 this, that, those 这，那，这些) 【语法】(形容词或代词)指定的 ●n. Gram.  a demonstrative adjective or pronoun 【语法】指示形容词(或指示代词) □ demonstratively  adv.  □ demonstrativeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French demonstratif -ive from Latin demonstrativus (as DEMONSTRATION)]

demonstrator /ˈdemənstreitə/ n.  1  a person who takes part in a political demonstration etc. (政治示威游行等的)示威者 2  a  a person who demonstrates, esp. machines, equipment, etc., to prospective customers (尤指机器设备等的)示教讲师；示范者b  a machine, etc., esp. a car, used for such demonstrations 演示机(示范产品等，尤指样车) 3  a person who teaches by demonstration, esp. in a laboratory etc. (尤指在实验室等的)示范者 [Latin (as DEMONSTRATE)]

demoralize /diˈmɒrəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  destroy the morale of; make hopeless 使士气受挫；使泄气 2 archaic  corrupt the morals of [古义]使道德堕落 □ demoralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ demoralizing  adj.  □ demoralizingly  adv.   [French démoraliser (as DE-, MORAL)]

demote /di:ˈməʊt/ v. tr.  reduce to a lower rank or class 使降职；使降级 □ demotion  /-ˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.   [DE- + PROMOTE]

demotic /diˈmɒtik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the popular colloquial form of modern Greek 现代希腊日常用语 2  a  a popular simplified form of ancient Egyptian writing (cf. 参见 HIERATIC 2) (古埃及)通俗文字b  a popular written or spoken form of modern Greek 现代希腊语 ●adj.  1 (esp. of language) popular, colloquial, or vulgar (尤指语言)流行的，口语化的；通俗的，粗俗的 2  of or concerning the ancient Egyptian or modern Greek demotic (有关)古代埃及(或现代希腊)通俗文字的 [Greek dēmotikos via dēmotēs ‘one of the people’ from dēmos ‘the people’]

demotivate /di:ˈməʊtiveit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cause to lose motivation; discourage 使失去动力，使气馁 □ demotivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demount /di:ˈmaʊnt/ v. tr.  1  take (apparatus, a gun, etc.) from its mounting 从支架上卸下(器具、炮等) 2  dismantle for later reassembly 卸下(日后拆开重装) □ demountable  adj. & n.   [French démonter: cf. DISMOUNT]

demulcent /diˈmʌls(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  soothing 抚慰的；镇痛的 ●n.  an agent that forms a protective film, soothing irritation or inflammation in the mouth 缓和剂；镇静剂；镇痛药 [Latin demulcēre (as DE-, mulcēre ‘soothe’)]

demur /diˈmɜ:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (demurred, demurring)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, at)  raise scruples or objections 表示异议；反对 2 Law  put in a demurrer 【法律】抗辩，提出异议 ●n. (also 亦作 demurral /diˈmʌr(ə)l/) (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  1  an objection 异议；反对  agreed without demur  毫无异议地接受 2  the act or process of objecting 反对行动(或过程) [Middle English via Old French demeure (n.), demeurer (v.) from Romanic (as DE-, Latin morari ‘delay’)]

demure /diˈmjʊə/ adj. (demurer, demurest)  1  composed, quiet, and reserved; modest 稳重的；娴静的；拘谨的；谦逊的 2  affectedly shy and quiet; coy 装作害羞的；忸怩的，腼腆的 3  decorous 举止高雅的，行为规矩的  a demure high collar  端庄的高领子 □ demurely  adv.  □ demureness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps via Anglo-French demuré from Old French demoré, past part. of demorer ‘remain, stay’ (as DEMUR): influenced by Old French meür from Latin maturus ‘ripe’]

demurrable /diˈmɜ:rəb(ə)l/ adj. esp. Law  open to objection (尤)【法律】可抗辩的

demurrage /diˈmʌridʒ/ n.  1  a  a rate or amount payable to a shipowner by a charterer for failure to load or discharge a ship within the time agreed (轮船因未能如期装卸而付给船主的)滞期费；滞纳金b  a similar charge on railway trucks or goods (火车货物未能如期装卸而付的)逾期收费 2  a detention or delay in loading or discharging 逾期；滞期 [Old French demo(u)rage from demorer (as DEMUR)]

demurrer /diˈmɜ:rə/ n.  an objection, esp. Law a pleading that an opponent's point is irrelevant 反对；(尤)【法律】异议，抗辩 [Anglo-French (infinitive used as a noun), = DEMUR]

demy /diˈmai/ n. Printing  a size of paper, 564 × 444 mm 【印刷】印刷用纸尺寸(为 564 × 444 毫米) [Middle English, variant of DEMI-]

demystify /di:ˈmistifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  clarify or remove the mystery from (obscure beliefs or subjects etc.) 阐明(晦涩的信仰)，使(事物等)非神秘化 2  reduce or remove the irrationality in (a person) 使(人)不再迷惑不解 □ demystification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demythologize /di:miˈθɒlədʒaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  remove mythical elements from (a legend, famous person's life, etc.) 使非神话化；去除(传说、名人生活等的)神话色彩 2  reinterpret what some consider to be the mythological elements in (the Bible) 重新解释(圣经中)一些被认为是神话的成分

den /den/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wild animal's lair (野兽的)洞穴 2  a place of crime or vice 匪窟；贼窝；罪恶的场所  den of iniquity  不法者的巢穴 opium den  鸦片烟窟 3  a  a small private room or place for pursuing a hobby etc. (从事于业余爱好等的)私室b  a hideout or secret place for children (孩子的)躲藏处 ●v. intr. (denned, denning)  live in or retreat to a den 居住；隐居 [Old English denn from Germanic, related to DENE1]

denarius /diˈnɛəriəs, diˈnɑ:riəs/ n. (pl. denarii /-riai, -rii:/)  an ancient Roman silver coin 迪纳里厄斯(古罗马银币) [Latin, = ‘(coin) of ten asses’ (as DENARY: see AS2)]

denary /ˈdi:n(ə)ri/ adj.  of ten; decimal 十的；十进位的 [Latin denarius ‘containing ten’ from deni ‘by tens’]

denary scale n.  = DECIMAL SCALE 

denationalize /di:ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  transfer (a nationalized industry or institution etc.) from public to private ownership 使(企业、机构等)非国有化 2  a  deprive (a nation) of its status or characteristics as a nation 使(国家)失去独立国资格(或地位)b  deprive (a person) of nationality or national characteristics 剥夺(某人)的国民权利 □ denationalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French dénationaliser (as DE-, NATIONAL)]

denaturalize /di:ˈnætʃ(ə)rəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  change the nature or properties of; make unnatural 改变…的本性；使非自然化 2  deprive of the rights of citizenship 取消(公民的)身份 3  = DENATURE 2  □ denaturalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

denature /di:ˈneitʃə/ v. tr.  1  change the properties of (a protein etc.) by heat, acidity, etc. (通过加热、加酸等)改变(蛋白质等的)特性 2  make (alcohol) unfit for drinking, esp. by the addition of another substance (尤指增加另一种物质)使(酒)变质不能饮用 □ denaturant  n.  □ denaturation  /di:ˌnætʃəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French dénaturer (as DE-, NATURE)]

dendrite /ˈdendrait/ n.  1  a  a stone or mineral with natural treelike or mosslike markings 树枝石，纹树石b  such marks on stones or minerals 石头(或矿石上的)树枝(苔藓)斑纹 2 Chem.  a crystal with branching treelike growth 【化】枝蔓晶 3 Zool. & Anat.  a branching process of a nerve cell conducting signals to a cell body 【动】【解】(神经细胞的)树突 [French, from Greek dendritēs (adj.) from dendron ‘tree’]

dendritic /denˈdritik/ adj.  1  of or like a dendrite (似)树枝状的 2  treelike in shape or markings 树枝形状(或条纹)的 □ dendritically  adv.  

dendrochronology /ˌdendrəʊkrəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  a system of dating using the characteristic patterns of annual growth rings of trees to assign dates to timber 树轮年代法(通过研究树轮以确定过去事件发生年代的方法) 2  the study of these growth rings 树木年代学 □ dendrochronological  /-krɒnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ dendrochronologist  n.   [Greek dendron ‘tree’ + CHRONOLOGY]

dendrogram /ˈdendrəɡræm/ n. Biol.  a branched diagram showing the relationship between kinds of organism 【生】系统树图(一种表示亲缘关系的树枝状图解) [Greek dendron ‘tree’ + -GRAM]

dendroid /ˈdendrɔid/ adj.  tree-shaped 树状的 [Greek dendrōdēs ‘treelike’ + -OID]

dendrology /denˈdrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of trees 树木学 □ dendrological  /-drəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ dendrologist  n.   [Greek dendron ‘tree’ + -LOGY]

dene1 /di:n/ n. (also 亦作 dean) Brit. [英]  1  a narrow wooded valley 有林小陡谷 2  a vale (esp. as the ending of place names) 谷(尤指作为地名的后缀) [Old English denu, related to DEN]

dene2 /di:n/ n. Brit.  a bare sandy tract, or a low sandhill, by the sea [英] (海滨的)沙地，沙丘 [origin unknown: perhaps related to DUNE]

denest /di:ˈnest/ v. tr.  remove (a word or phrase, esp. a compound noun) from a dictionary entry for another word and enter it as a main entry itself 重定词条(从词典词条中删除一个词(尤指合成词)或短语，把它另作一个主词条编入词典)

de-net /di:ˈnet/ v. tr. (de-netted, de-netting) (in the UK) sell (a book) at a price lower than that fixed under the terms of the Net Book Agreement (英国)打折销售(书)

dengue /ˈdeŋɡi/ n.  an infectious viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes and causing a fever and acute pains in the joints 登革热(通过蚊子传播的一种热带传染病，特征为骨关节剧痛) [West Indian Spanish, from Swahili denga, dinga, with assimilation to Spanish dengue ‘fastidiousness’, with reference to the stiffness of the patient's neck and shoulders]

deniable /diˈnaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that may be denied 可否认的，可否定的，可拒绝的 □ deniability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  

denial /diˈnai(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of denying 否认，否定 2  a refusal of a request or wish 拒绝；拒绝给予 3  a statement that a thing is not true; a rejection 拒绝相信；驳回  denial of the accusation  驳回指控 4  a disavowal of a person as one's leader etc. (对领袖等的)不承认 5  = SELF-DENIAL  6 Psychol.  the usu. subconscious suppression of an unacceptable truth or emotion 【心】(通常下意识的)自我克制

denier /ˈdeniə/ n.  a unit of weight by which the fineness of silk, rayon, or nylon yarn is measured 旦尼尔，旦(丝绸、人造丝、尼龙丝的纤度单位) [originally the name of a small coin: Middle English via Old French from Latin denarius]

denigrate /ˈdeniɡreit/ v. tr.  defame or disparage the reputation of (a person); blacken 毁誉，诽谤(某人)；玷污 □ denigration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ denigrator  n.  □ denigratory  /-ˈɡreit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin denigrare (as DE-, nigrare from niger ‘black’)]

denim /ˈdenim/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a usu. blue hard-wearing cotton twill fabric used for jeans, overalls, etc. (通常蓝色的)粗斜纹棉布；劳动布(用来做牛仔裤、工作服等)  a denim skirt  劳动布裙 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  jeans, overalls, etc. made of this [口]劳动布牛仔裤(或工作服等) [for serge de Nim ‘serge of Nîmes’, a city in S. France]

Denis /ˈdenis/   丹尼斯 [人名]

Denise /dəˈni:z, deˈni:z/   丹尼斯 [人名]

denitrify /di:ˈnaitrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  remove the nitrates or nitrites from (soil etc.) 使(土壤等)脱硝 □ denitrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

denizen /ˈdeniz(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an inhabitant or occupant 居民，居住者 2 Brit.  a foreigner admitted to certain rights in his or her adopted country [英] (在所居住国享有一定权利的)外籍居民，归化者 3  a naturalized foreign word, animal, or plant 外来词；已归化的外来动物(或植物) □ denizenship  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French deinzein from Old French deinz ‘within’, from Latin de ‘from’ + intus ‘within’ + -ein from Latin -aneus: see -ANEOUS]

Denmark   丹麦

Dennis /ˈdenis/   丹尼斯 [人名]

denominate /diˈnɒmineit/ v. tr.  1  give a name to 给…命名 2  call or describe (a person or thing) as 把(某人或某物)叫作(或称作；) 把…描述成 3 (in passive 用被动； usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  express in a specified monetary unit 用特定的货币单位表示 [Latin denominare (as DE-, NOMINATE)]

denomination /diˌnɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a Church or religious sect 宗教；教派 2  a class of units within a range or sequence of numbers, weights, money, etc. (金钱的)面额；(数目、重量等的)单位  money of small denominations  小面额货币 3  a  a name or designation, esp. a characteristic or class name 名称，称呼(尤指特性、种类名称)b  a class or kind having a specific name (有特定名字的)级别；种类 4  the rank of a playing card within a suit, or of a suit relative to others (桥牌叫牌时)叫出的花色(或无将)数 [Middle English from Old French denomination or Latin denominatio (as DENOMINATE)]

denominational /diˌnɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to a particular denomination (有关)教派的； (有关)宗派的 , (有关)派别的 2 (of education) according to the principles of a Church or sect (教育)按教派原则进行的 □ denominationalism  n.  

denominative /diˈnɒminətiv/ adj.  serving as or giving a name 命名的；用作名称的 [Late Latin denominativus (as DENOMINATION)]

denominator /diˈnɒmineitə/ n. Math.  the number below the line in a vulgar fraction; a divisor 【数】分母 [French dénominateur or medieval Latin denominator (as DE-, NOMINATE)]

de nos jours /də nəʊ ˈʒʊə, 法 də no ʒur/ adj. (placed after noun) of the present time 当代的(用于名词后) [French, = of our days]

denote /diˈnəʊt/ v. tr.  1  be a sign of; indicate 是…的标志；指示，表示  the arrow denotes direction  箭头表示方向 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  mean, convey 意思是；意味；传达 3  stand as a name for; signify 为…的名称；示意 □ denotation  /di:nə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ denotative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [French dénoter or from Latin denotare (as DE-, notare ‘mark’ from nota NOTE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONNOTE. 见 CONNOTE 的用法说明。 

denouement /deiˈnu:mɒ˜, -mɒŋ/ n. (also 亦作 dénouement)  1  the final unravelling of a plot or complicated situation (复杂形势或事情的)最后解决(或结果) 2  the final scene in a play, novel, etc., in which the plot is resolved (戏剧、小说等的)收场，结局 [French dénouement from dénouer ‘unknot’ (as DE-, Latin nodare from nodus ‘knot’)]

denounce /diˈnaʊns/ v. tr.  1  accuse publicly; condemn 公开指责，公然抨击，谴责  denounced him as a traitor  指责他是叛徒 2  inform against 告发；告密  denounced her to the police  向警察举报她 3  give notice of the termination of (an armistice, treaty, etc.) 通知废止(休战书、条约等) □ denouncement  n.  □ denouncer  n.   [Middle English via Old French denoncier from Latin denuntiare (as DE-, nuntiare ‘make known’ from nuntius ‘messenger’)]

de nouveau /də nu:ˈvəʊ, 法 də nuvo/ adv.  starting again; anew 重新(开始)；再 [French]

de novo /dei ˈnəʊvəʊ, di:/ adv.  starting again; anew 重新(开始)；再 [Latin]

dense /dens/ adj.  1  closely compacted in substance; thick 密集的，浓厚的  dense fog  浓雾 2  crowded together 拥挤的，稠密的  the population is less dense on the outskirts  郊区人口密度不大 3 colloq.  stupid [口]愚笨的 □ densely  adv.  □ denseness  n.   [French dense or Latin densus]

densitometer /densiˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the photographic density of an image on a film or photographic print 光密度计； (摄影用)显像密度计

density /ˈdensiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the degree of compactness of a substance 稠密 2 Physics  degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume 【物理学】密度，浓度，比重 3  the opacity of a photographic image (摄影图像的)不透明性，阻光度 4  a crowded state 密集 5 colloq.  stupidity [口]愚蠢，迟钝 [French densité or Latin densitas (as DENSE)]

dent /dent/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight mark or hollow in a surface made by, or as if by, a blow with a hammer etc. (用锤子等敲击后的)凹痕；凹坑 2  a noticeable effect 引人注意的效果  the lavish lunch made a dent in our funds  过分丰盛的午餐使我们用去很多钱 ●v. tr.  1  mark with a dent 标有凹痕；使凹陷 2  have (esp. an adverse) effect on 使具有(尤指相反的)后果  the news dented our hopes  这条消息使我们没有了指望 [Middle English, probably from INDENT1]

dental /ˈdent(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the teeth; of or relating to dentistry 牙齿的；牙科的 2 Phonet. (of a consonant) produced with the tongue-tip against the upper front teeth (as th) or the ridge of the teeth (as n, d, t) 【语音】(辅音)齿音的(由舌尖抵住上齿发出的音，如 th) (或抵住上齿龈发出，如 n, d, t) □ dentalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Late Latin dentalis from Latin dens dentis ‘tooth’]

dental floss n.  a thread of floss silk etc. used to clean between the teeth 洁牙线(用于保持牙缝清洁的绣花丝线等)

dentalium /denˈteiliəm/ n. (pl. dentalia /-liə/)  1  a tusk shell, esp. of the genus Dentalium (尤指角贝属)角贝 2  this shell used as an ornament or as a form of currency (用作装饰或货币形式的)象牙贝壳 [modern Latin from Late Latin dentalis: see DENTAL]

dental mechanic n. Brit.  a person who makes and repairs artificial teeth [英]牙科技师(制作和修理假牙的技师)

dental surgeon n.  a dentist 牙科医生，牙医

dentate /ˈdenteit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  toothed; with toothlike notches; serrated 【植】【动】有齿的；(锯)齿状的 [Latin dentatus from dens dentis ‘tooth’]

denticle /ˈdentik(ə)l/ n. Zool.  a small tooth or toothlike projection, scale, etc. 【动】小齿，齿状突出(鳞片等) □ denticulate  /denˈtikjʊlət/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin denticulus, diminutive of dens dentis ‘tooth’]

dentifrice /ˈdentifris/ n.  a paste or powder for cleaning the teeth 牙膏，牙粉 [French from Latin dentifricium, from dens dentis ‘tooth’ + fricare ‘rub’]

dentil /ˈdentil/ n. Archit.  each of a series of small rectangular blocks as a decoration under the moulding of a cornice in classical architecture 【建】(檐板下的)齿(状装)饰 [obsolete French dentille, diminutive of dent ‘tooth’, from Latin dens dentis]

dentilingual /dentiˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj. Phonet.  formed by the teeth and the tongue 【语音】齿舌音的

dentine /ˈdenti:n/ n. (US [美] dentin /-tin/)  a hard dense bony tissue forming the bulk of a tooth 牙质，牙本质 □ dentinal  /ˈdentin(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin dens dentis ‘tooth’ + -INE4]

dentist /ˈdentist/ n.  a person who is qualified to treat the diseases and conditions that affect the mouth, jaws, teeth, and their supporting tissues, esp. the repair and extraction of teeth and the insertion of artificial ones (尤指修牙、拔牙、镶牙的)口腔科医生，牙医 □ dentistry  n.   [French dentiste from dent ‘tooth’]

dentition /denˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the type, number, and arrangement of teeth in a species etc. 齿系(齿列，牙列等) 2  the cutting of teeth; teething 牙齿的加工；出牙，长牙 [Latin dentitio from dentire ‘to teethe’]

denture /ˈdentʃə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a removable artificial replacement for one or more teeth carried on a removable plate or frame 一副假牙(或托牙), 一副牙齿 [French from dent ‘tooth’]

denturist /ˈdentʃərist/ n.  a maker of dentures 牙托技师

denuclearize /di:ˈnju:kliəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove nuclear armaments from (a country etc.) (从一个国家等)撤除核武器；使(国家、地区等)非核化 □ denuclearization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

denude /diˈnju:d/ v. tr.  1  make naked or bare 使裸露，剥光 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  strip of clothing, a covering, etc. 剥(或脱)去衣服(遮盖物等)b  deprive of a possession or attribute 剥夺其所有(或属性) 3 Geol.  lay (rock or a formation etc.) bare by removing what lies above 【地质】使(岩石或地层等)剥蚀；使裸露 □ denudation  /di:njʊˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ denudative  /-dətiv/ adj.   [Latin denudare (as DE-, nudus ‘naked’)]

denumerable /diˈnju:m(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. Math.  countable by correspondence with the infinite set of integers 【数】可数的 □ denumerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ denumerably  adv.   [Late Latin denumerare (as DE-, numerare NUMBER)]

denunciation /diˌnʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of denouncing (a person, policy, etc.); public condemnation 谴责；指责(人或政策等；) 痛斥 2  an instance of this 谴责，告发 □ denunciate  /-ˈnʌnsieit/ v. tr.  □ denunciative  /-ˈnʌnsiətiv/ adj.  □ denunciator  /-ˈnʌnsieitə, -ˈnʌnʃieitə/ n.  □ denunciatory  /diˈnʌnsiət(ə)ri, -ˈnʌnʃiət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French dénonciation or Latin denunciatio (as DENOUNCE)]

Denver /ˈdenvə/ n.  丹佛 [美国城市]

deny /diˈnai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  declare untrue or non-existent 否定，否认  denied the charge  否认指控 denied that it is so  否定事实如此 denied having lied  否认说谎 2  repudiate or disclaim 驳斥；不承认；放弃  denied his faith  放弃他的信仰 denied his signature  他不承认自己的签字 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  refuse (a person or thing, or something to a person) 拒绝(某人、某物)；不给予(某物给某人)  this was denied to me  我未曾得到这个 denied him the satisfaction  他未曾满足 4  refuse access to (a person sought) 拒绝接受(所寻找的人), 推卸  denied him his son  不认他为儿子 □ deny oneself   be abstinent 有节制□ denier  n.   [Middle English via Old French denier from Latin denegare (as DE-, negare ‘say no’)]

deoch an doris /dɒx(ə)n ˈdɒris, dɒk/ n. (also 亦作 doch an dorris) Sc. & Ir.  a drink taken at parting; a stirrup cup [苏格兰和爱尔兰]饯别酒；马镫形酒杯 [Gaelic deoch an doruis ‘drink at the door’]

deodar /ˈdi:ə(ʊ)dɑ:/ n.  the Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara, the tallest of the cedar family, with drooping branches bearing large barrel-shaped cones 喜马拉雅雪松 [Hindi dē' odɑˉr from Sanskrit deva-dɑˉru ‘divine tree’]

deodorant /diˈəʊd(ə)r(ə)nt/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a substance sprayed or rubbed on to the body or sprayed into the air to remove or conceal unwanted or unpleasant smells 除臭剂，除臭棒，空气清新剂  a roll-on deodorant  滚搽式除臭剂 has a deodorant effect  具有除臭效果 [as DEODORIZE + -ANT]

deodorize /diˈəʊdəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove or destroy the (usu. unpleasant) smell of 除去(通为难闻的)臭味，脱去臭味 □ deodorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deodorizer  n.   [DE- + Latin odor ‘smell’]

Deo gratias /deiəʊ ˈɡrɑ:tiəs, -ʃiəs/ int.  thanks be to God 承神之佑，托天之福 [Latin, = (we give) thanks to God]

deontic /diˈɒntik/ adj. Philos.  of or relating to duty and obligation as ethical concepts 【哲】(有关)义务的 [Greek deont-, part. stem of dei ‘it is right’]

deontology /di:ɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n. Philos.  the study of duty 【哲】义务论；道义论 □ deontological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ deontologist  n.  

Deo volente /deiəʊ vɒˈlentei/ adv.  God willing; if nothing prevents it 若承天意；若一切顺利 [Latin]

deoxygenate /di:ˈɒksidʒəneit/ v. tr.  remove oxygen, esp. free oxygen, from 去氧(尤指游离氧；) 使脱氧 □ deoxygenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deoxyribonucleic acid /diˌɒksiraibəʊnju:ˈkleiik/ n.  see 见 DNA  [DE- + OXYGEN + RIBONUCLEIC ACID]

deoxyribose /diˌɒksiˈraibəʊz, -s/ n. Biochem.  a sugar related to ribose and found in the nucleosides of DNA 【生化】脱氧核糖 [DE- + OXY-2 + RIBOSE]

dep. abbr. [缩略]  1  departs  2  deputy 

depart /diˈpɑ:t/ v.  1 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  go away; leave 离开，离去  the train departs from this platform  火车驶离本站台b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  start; set out 出发，起程，动身  trains depart for Crewe every hour  开往克鲁的火车 1 小时一趟 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  diverge; deviate 分叉，岔开；分歧，背离  departs from standard practice  和惯例相背离 3  a intr.  leave by death; die 死亡，死b tr. formal or literary  leave by death [正式] [文学用语]去世，谢世  departed this life  离开尘世 [Middle English from Old French departir, ultimately from Latin dispertire ‘divide’]

departed /diˈpɑ:tid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  bygone 过去的；以往的；往昔的  departed greatness  往日的荣耀 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the) euphem.  a particular dead person or dead people [婉]死者，已故者  we are here to mourn the departed  我们在此悼念故人

department /diˈpɑ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a separate part of a complex whole, esp.: 部门(尤指):a  a branch of municipal or State administration (市政或国家管理当局的)部，司，局，处，科，部门  Housing Department  房管科 Department of Social Security  社会安全部b  a branch of study and its administration at a university, school, etc. (大学、学校等的)系；学部  the physics department  物理系c  a specialized section of a large store (大商场的一个)营业部  hardware department  五金器具部 2 colloq.  an area of special expertise [口]专长；知识领域 3  an administrative district in France and other countries (法国和其他国家的)行政管理区 [French département (as DEPART)]

departmental /di:pɑ:tˈment(ə)l/ adj.  of or belonging to a department (属于)部门的 □ departmentalism  n.  □ departmentalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ departmentalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ departmentally  adv.  

department store n. (also Brit. [亦英] departmental store)  a large shop stocking many varieties of goods in different departments 百货公司

departure /diˈpɑ:tʃə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of departing 启程，出发，离开 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a deviation (from the truth, a standard, etc.) 背离，偏离(真理、标准等) 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  the starting of a train, an aircraft, etc. (火车或飞机等的)开出；起飞  the departure was late  开车 / 起飞晚点 departure lounge  候机厅；候车室 4  a new course of action or thought 新做法，新思路  driving a car is rather a departure for him  驾车对他来说真是个新的尝试 5 Naut.  the amount of a ship's change of longitude 【海】横距；东西距(船只航行时经度的改变量) [Old French departeüre (as DEPART)]

depasture /di:ˈpɑ:stʃə/ v. Brit. [英]  1  a tr. (of cattle) graze upon 放养(牲口)，放牧b intr.  graze 吃草c tr.  put (cattle) to graze 使(牲口)吃草 2 tr. (of land) provide pasturage for (cattle) (土地)作放牧(牲口)基地 □ depasturage  /-idʒ/ n.  

depend /diˈpend/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  be controlled or determined by 取决于；视…而定  success depends on hard work  成功来自勤奋的工作 it depends on whether they agree  取决于他们是否同意 it depends how you tackle the problem  取决于你如何处理这个问题 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  be unable to do without 依赖，依靠  depends on her mother  依靠她母亲b  rely on 信赖；确信  I'm depending on you to come  我确信你会来 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  be grammatically dependent on (在语法上)从属 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 from) archaic or poet.  hang down [古义] [诗]悬挂，悬垂 □ depending on   according to; taking into account 根据，依据；取决于□ depend upon it!   you may be sure! 无疑；请放心□ it (or it all or that) depends   expressing uncertainty or qualification in answering a question 那得看情况  Will they come? It depends  他们会来吗？那得看情况 [Middle English from Old French dependre, ultimately from Latin dependēre (as DE-, pendēre ‘hang’)]

dependable /diˈpendəb(ə)l/ adj.  reliable 可靠的 □ dependability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ dependably  adv.  

dependant /diˈpend(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] dependent)  1  a person who relies on another esp. for financial support (尤指经济上)受赡养者；受抚养者 2  a servant or subordinate 仆人，侍从；下属 [French dépendant, pres. part. of dépendre (as DEPEND)]

dependence /diˈpend(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of being dependent (see 见 DEPENDENT 1, 2, 3) 依靠；依赖；依赖关系 2  reliance; trust; confidence 依靠之物；信任，信赖  shows great dependence on his judgement  表明极为信任他的判断 [French dépendance (as DEPEND)]

dependency /diˈpend(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a country or province controlled by another 附属国，附属地 2  anything subordinate or dependent 附属物；从属物 3  = DEPENDENCE 1 

dependency culture n.  a way of life characterized by dependency on state benefits 依赖文化(一种依赖政府救济生活的方式)

dependent /diˈpend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  depending, conditional, or subordinate 依靠的；依赖的；视…而定的；从属的 2  unable to do without (esp. a drug) (尤指对毒品)有瘾的 3  maintained at another's cost 受他人赡养的 4 Math. (of a variable) having a value determined by that of another variable 【数】(变量)受另一变量的值而定的 5 Gram. (of a clause, phrase, or word) subordinate to a sentence or word 【语法】(从句、短语或词)从属(另一个句子或词)的 ●n. US var.  of DEPENDANT [美] DEPENDANT 的变体 □ dependently  adv.   [Middle English, earlier -ant = DEPENDANT]

depersonalization /di:ˌpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation) esp. Psychol. (尤)【心】  1  the act of depersonalizing or state of being depersonalized 使非个性化；人格解体 2 Psychiatry 【精神病学】  a loss of one's sense of identity; a feeling of unreality 丧失个性；无真实感

depersonalize /di:ˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make impersonal 使失去个性；使非个性化 2  deprive of personality 失去自我感

depict /diˈpikt/ v. tr.  1  represent in a drawing or painting etc. 描画(描绘等) 2  portray in words; describe 描述，描写  the play depicts him as vain and petty  该剧把他描写成既爱虚荣又猥琐的人 □ depicter  n.  □ depiction  /-ˈpikʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ depictive  adj.  □ depictor  n.   [Latin depingere depict- (as DE-, pingere ‘paint’)]

depilate /ˈdepileit/ v. tr.  remove the hair from 去除…的毛，使脱毛 □ depilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin depilare (as DE-, pilare from pilus ‘hair’)]

depilatory /diˈpilət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that removes unwanted hair 脱毛的，有脱毛作用的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a depilatory substance 脱毛剂

deplane /di:ˈplein/ v. esp. US [尤美]  1 intr.  disembark from an aeroplane 下飞机 2 tr.  remove from an aeroplane 从飞机上卸下

deplete /diˈpli:t/ v. tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  1  reduce in numbers or quantity 耗尽，大量减少  depleted forces  耗尽力量 2  empty out; exhaust 倒空；耗竭  their energies were depleted  他们的精力已经耗尽 □ depletion  /-ˈpli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin deplēre (as DE-, plēre plet- ‘fill’)]

deplorable /diˈplɔ:rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  exceedingly bad 可悲的，可叹的；令人痛惜的，令人深感遗憾的  a deplorable meal  糟糕的一顿饭 2  that can be deplored 应受谴责(或责骂)的 □ deplorably  adv.  

deplore /diˈplɔ:/ v. tr.  feel or express strong disapproval of 哀叹；悲叹；对…深感遗憾 □ deploringly  adv.   [French déplorer or Italian deplorare from Latin deplorare (as DE-, plorare ‘bewail’)]

deploy /diˈplɔi/ v.  1 Mil. 【军】  a tr.  cause (troops) to spread out from a column into a line 使(部队)展开，使疏开b intr. (of troops) spread out in this way (部队)疏开；分散部署 2 tr.  bring (arguments, forces, etc.) into effective action 施展；调动；利用(论据、兵力等) □ deployment  n.   [French déployer from Latin displicare (as DIS-, plicare ‘fold’) & Late Latin deplicare ‘explain’]

deplume /diˈplu:m/ v. tr.  1  strip of feathers, pluck 拔去羽毛 2  deprive of honours etc. 剥夺荣誉(名誉等) [Middle English from French déplumer or from medieval Latin deplumare (as DE-, Latin pluma ‘feather’)]

depolarize /di:ˈpəʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Physics  reduce or remove the polarization of 【物理学】使去极化，使消偏振，使去磁 □ depolarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

depoliticize /di:pəˈlitisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person, an organization, etc.) non-political 使(人、组织等)非政治化 2  remove from political activity or influence 使不属政治范畴；使不受政治影响 □ depoliticization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

depolymerize /di:ˈpɒliməraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  break down into monomers or other smaller units 【化】(使)解聚 □ depolymerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deponent /diˈpəʊnənt/ adj. & n. ●adj. Gram. (of a verb, esp. in Latin or Greek) passive or middle in form but active in meaning 【语法】(尤指拉丁或希腊语中的动词)异相的 ●n.  1 Gram.  a deponent verb 【语法】异相动词 2 Law 【法律】  a  a person making a deposition under oath 宣誓证人b  a witness giving written testimony for use in court etc. (在法庭等)提供书面证言的证人 [Latin deponere (as DE-, ponere posit- ‘place’): the adj. from the notion that the verb had laid aside the passive sense]

depopulate /di:ˈpɒpjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  reduce the population of (使)减少人口 2 intr.  decline in population 减少人口 □ depopulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin depopulari (as DE-, populari ‘lay waste’ from populus ‘people’)]

deport /diˈpɔ:t/ v. tr.  1  a  remove (an immigrant or foreigner) forcibly to another country; banish 把(移民、外国人)驱逐出境，驱逐b  exile (a native) to another country 把(本国人)流放异国他乡 2 refl. literary or archaic  conduct (oneself) or behave (in a specified manner) [文学用语] [古义]使(自己)举止得体；使(带上某种特点)表现  deported himself well  他举止得体 □ deportable  adj.  □ deportation  /di:pɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French deporter and (sense 1) French déporter (as DE-, Latin portare ‘carry’)]

deportee /di:pɔ:ˈti:/ n.  a person who has been or is being deported 被驱逐出境者，流放者；被判充军之人

deportment /diˈpɔ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  bearing, demeanour, or manners, esp. of a cultivated kind (尤指有教养的一类人的)行为，举止；风度 [French déportement (as DEPORT)]

depose /diˈpəʊz/ v.  1 tr.  remove from office, esp. dethrone 撤职(尤指罢免、废黜) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or that + clause) Law  bear witness, esp. on oath in court 【法律】(尤指在法院)宣誓作证 [Middle English from Old French deposer, based on Latin deponere deposit-: see DEPONENT, POSE1]

deposit /diˈpɒzit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a sum of money placed or kept in an account in a bank 存款b  anything stored or entrusted for safe keeping, usu. in a bank (通常交给银行的)寄存物；委托保险物品 2  a  a sum payable as a first instalment on a mortgage or an item bought on hire purchase, or as a pledge for a contract 定金；保证金； (抵押、分期付款购买或典当的)首次付款数b  a returnable sum payable on the short-term hire of a car, boat, etc. (短期租用汽车、船只所需但可退还的)押金 3 Brit. Polit.  a sum of money deposited by an election candidate and forfeited if he or she fails to receive a certain proportion of the votes [英]【政】选举候选人筹集款，如果其不能得到一定比例的选票，此款项则取消 4  a  a natural layer of sand, rock, coal, etc. (沙、石、煤等)矿层，矿床b  a layer of accumulated matter on a surface, e.g. fur on a kettle 淤积，沉淀(如壶上的水垢) ●v. tr. (deposited, depositing)  1  a  put or lay down in a (usu. specified) place (通常在特殊地方)堆积，存放  deposited the book on the floor  把书放在地板上b (of water, wind, etc.) leave (matter etc.) lying in a displaced position (水、风等)使(物质等)沉积 2  a  store or entrust for keeping 存储，委托保管b  pay (a sum of money) into a bank account, esp. a deposit account (把一笔钱)存储(尤指定期存款) 3  pay (a sum) as a first instalment or as a pledge for a contract 交付(保证金)，抵押(金) □ on deposit  (of money) placed in a deposit account (钱)储存着 [Latin depositum (n.), medieval Latin depositare from Latin deponere deposit- (as DEPONENT)]

deposit account n. Brit.  a bank account that pays interest but from which money cannot usu. be withdrawn without notice or loss of interest [英]定期存款，存款账户(支付利息但取款必须预先通知银行)

depositary /diˈpɒzit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person to whom something is entrusted; a trustee 保管人，受托人 [Late Latin depositarius (as DEPOSIT)]

deposition /depəˈziʃ(ə)n, di:-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of deposing, esp. a monarch; dethronement 革职，罢免(尤指废黜王位) 2 Law 【法律】  a  the process of giving sworn evidence; allegation 作证口供，证言；声明，声称，断言b  an instance of this 作证c  evidence given under oath; a testimony 宣誓作证的证言；证据 3  the act or an instance of depositing 宣誓作证 4 (作 the Deposition)  a  the taking down of the body of Christ from the Cross 耶稣降架b  a representation of this 耶稣降架的画像(或雕像) [Middle English via Old French from Latin depositio -onis, from deponere: see DEPOSIT]

depositor /diˈpɒzitə/ n.  a person who deposits money, property, etc. (钱款、财产等的)储户，存款人；寄托人

depository /diˈpɒzit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a storehouse or repository 仓库，贮藏室b  a store (of wisdom, knowledge, etc.) (智慧、知识等的)宝库  the book is a depository of wit  书是智慧的宝库 2  = DEPOSITARY  [Late Latin depositorium (as DEPOSIT)]

depot /ˈdepəʊ/ n.  1  a storehouse 库房，仓库 2 Mil. 【军】  a  a storehouse for equipment etc. (存放器械等的)兵站；补给站b  the headquarters of a regiment 团司令部 3  a  a building for the servicing, parking, etc. of esp. buses, trains, or goods vehicles (尤指公共汽车、火车、货运车的)车库；维修工厂(停车场等)b N. Amer.  a railway or bus station [北美]火车站；公共汽车站 [French dépôt, Old French depost from Latin (as DEPOSIT)]

deprave /diˈpreiv/ v. tr.  pervert or corrupt, esp. morally 使堕落；使腐化；败坏(尤指道德方面) □ depravation  /deprəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French depraver or Latin depravare (as DE-, pravare from pravus ‘crooked’)]

depravity /diˈpræviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  moral corruption; wickedness 堕落；腐化；邪恶b  an instance of this; a wicked act 腐化堕落的行为，恶行 2 Theol.  the innate corruptness of human nature 【神】人的堕落本性；人类与身俱来的深重罪孽 [DE- + obsolete pravity from Latin pravitas (as DEPRAVE)]

deprecate /ˈdeprikeit/ v. tr.  1  express disapproval of or a wish against (a plan, proceeding, purpose, etc.); deplore; plead earnestly against 对(计划、做法、目的等)表示不赞成；反对  deprecate hasty action  反对匆忙行事 2  a  express disapproval of (a person); reprove 抨击(某人), 责骂b  = DEPRECIATE 2  3 archaic  pray against [古义]祈求免于遭受… □ deprecatingly  adv.  □ deprecation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deprecative  /ˈdeprikətiv/ adj.  □ deprecator  n.  □ deprecatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin deprecari (as DE-, precari ‘pray’)]■Usage 用法说明 Although frequently encountered, the use of deprecate in sense 2b is widely regarded as incorrect. It is especially common, however, and no longer considered incorrect, in combination with self-, with self-deprecation, self-deprecating, and self-deprecatory being used far more often than self-depreciation, self-depreciating, and self-depreciatory. 尽管经常见到 deprecate 用作释义 2b ，但这被广泛地认为是错误的。然而，本词要是和 self 连用，如 self-deprecation ， self-deprecating 是十分常见的，也不再被认为是错误。而且， selfdeprecatory 比 self-depreciation ， self-depreciating 和 self-depreciatory 用得更为频繁。 

depreciate /diˈpri:ʃieit, -si-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  diminish in value 贬值  the pound is still depreciating  英镑还在贬值 2 tr.  disparage; belittle 贬低；小看，轻视  they are always depreciating his taste  他们总是小看他的爱好 3 tr.  reduce the purchasing power of (money) 使(货币)贬值 □ depreciatory  /diˈpri:ʃ(i)ət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin depretiare (as DE-, pretiare from pretium ‘price’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DEPRECATE. 见 DEPRECATE 的用法说明。 

depreciation /diˌpri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -siˈei-/ n.  1  the amount of wear and tear (of a property etc.) for which a reduction may be made in a valuation, an estimate, or a balance sheet (资产等)折旧 2 Econ. 【经】  a  the decrease in the value of a currency 货币贬值b  an instance of this 跌价，减值 3  an instance of disparagement; belittlement 贬低；轻视，小看

depredation /depriˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  despoiling, ravaging, or plundering 掠夺，劫掠；蹂躏 2  an instance or instances of this 掠夺 [French déprédation from Late Latin depraedatio (as DE-, praedatio -onis from Latin praedari ‘plunder’)]

depredator /ˈdeprideitə/ n.  a despoiler or pillager 劫掠者；掠夺者 □ depredatory  /ˈdeprideit(ə)ri, diˈpredət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin depraedator (as DEPREDATION)]

depress /diˈpres/ v. tr.  1  push or pull down; lower 按下；压下；压低  depressed the lever  按下控制杆 2  make dispirited or dejected 使沮丧，使消沉 3 Econ.  reduce the activity of (esp. trade) 【经】使萧条(尤指贸易) 4 (as 作 depressed adj.)  a  dispirited or miserable 意志低沉的；悲惨的b Psychol.  suffering from depression 【心】郁郁不乐的 □ depressible  adj.  □ depressing  adj.  □ depressingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French depresser from Late Latin depressare (as DE-, pressare, frequentative of premere ‘press’)]

depressant /diˈpres(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that depresses 令人抑郁(或沮丧)的 2 Med.  sedative 【医】镇静的，止痛的 ●n.  1 Med.  an agent, esp. a drug, that sedates 【医】镇静剂(尤指毒品) 2  an influence that depresses 镇静效果

depressed area n.  an area suffering from economic depression 贫困地区，萧条地区

depression /diˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a Med.  a pathological state of extreme dejection or melancholy, characterized by a mood of hopelessness and feelings of inadequacy, often with physical symptoms 【医】抑郁(症) (极端沮丧或者忧郁的一种病理状态，其特点是绝望和感觉空虚，常伴有生理症状)b  a reduction in vitality, vigour, or spirits (生命力、精力、精神的)衰退；消沉 2  a  a long period of financial and industrial decline; a slump (长期)萧条；暴跌b (作 the Depression) (in the UK) the depression of 1929 － 34 (英国)1929 至 1934 年间的经济大萧条 3 Meteorol.  a lowering of atmospheric pressure, esp. the centre of a region of minimum pressure or the system of winds round it 【气】(尤指低气压区中心的)低(气)压 4  a sunken place or hollow on a surface 凹陷；洼地 5  a  a lowering or sinking 降低，下沉 often foll. by 常后跟 of: depression of freezing point  凝固点降低b  pressing down 按下 6 Astron. & Geog.  the angular distance of an object below the horizon or a horizontal plane 【天】【地理】俯角(地平线以下的物体的角度距离；与水平面所形成的角度距离) [Middle English from Old French or Latin depressio (as DE-, premere press- ‘press’)]

depressive /diˈpresiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  tending to depress 令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的 2 Psychol.  involving or characterized by depression 【心】抑郁的，抑压的 ●n. Psychol.  a person suffering or with a tendency to suffer from depression 【心】抑郁病患者 [French dépressif -ive or medieval Latin depressivus (as DEPRESSION)]

depressor /diˈpresə/ n.  1 Anat. 【解】  a (in full 全称 depressor muscle)  a muscle that causes the lowering of some part of the body 降肌b  a nerve that lowers blood pressure 减压神经 2 Surgery  an instrument for pressing down an organ etc. 【外科】(按下器官等的)压(低)器，压舌板 [Latin (as DEPRESSION)]

depressurize /di:ˈpreʃəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cause an appreciable drop in the pressure of the gas inside (a container), esp. to the ambient level (使容器内气体)减压 , (使)降压(尤指与周围水准一致) □ depressurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deprivation /depriˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the act or an instance of depriving; the state of being deprived 夺去；剥夺  deprivation of liberty  剥夺自由 suffered many deprivations  蒙受多种损失 2  a  deposition from esp. an ecclesiastical office 罢免(尤指圣职)b  an instance of this 罢免；废黜 [medieval Latin deprivatio (as DEPRIVE)]

deprive /diˈpraiv/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  strip, dispossess; debar from enjoying 夺去；剥夺，使不能享受  illness deprived him of success  疾病使他不能成功 2 (as 作 deprived adj.)  a (of a child etc.) suffering from the effects of a poor or loveless home (儿童等)不能享有(温馨的家)的b (of an area) with inadequate housing, facilities, employment, etc. (地区)住房(设施、就业等)不足的 3 archaic  depose (esp. a clergyman) from office [古义]罢免(尤指神父教职) □ deprivable  adj.  □ deprival  n.   [Middle English via Old French depriver from medieval Latin deprivare (as DE-, Latin privare ‘deprive’)]

de profundis /dei prəˈfʊndis/ adv. & n. ●adv.  from the depths (of sorrow etc.) 从(悲哀等的)深处；悲悯已极 ●n.  a cry from the depths 从痛苦深处的呐喊 [opening Latin words of Psalm 130]

Dept. abbr. [缩略]  Department 

depth /depθ/ n.  1  a  deepness 深度  the depth is not great at the edge  周边不深b  the measurement from the top down, from the surface inwards, or from the front to the back (上下、表里、前后的)深度  depth of the drawer is 12 inches  抽屉深 12 英寸 2  difficulty; abstruseness 困难程度；深奥程度 3  a  sagacity; wisdom 明智；智慧b  intensity of emotion etc. (情感等的)深度，深切  the poem has little depth  这首诗很肤浅 4  an intensity of colour, darkness, etc. (颜色、黑暗等的)强度，浓度 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a  deep water, a deep place; an abyss 深水；幽深处；深渊b  a low, depressed state 低落压抑状态c  the lowest or inmost part 最低(或最内)部分  the depths of the country  国家内地 6  the middle 正中，当中  in the depth of winter  在隆冬 □ in depth   comprehensively, thoroughly, or profoundly (cf. 参见 IN-DEPTH) 全面地；彻底地；深入地□ out of one's depth   1  in water over one's head 水淹过头，深不着底的地方 2  engaged in a task or on a subject too difficult for one 不能理解，力所不及 [Middle English (as DEEP, -TH2)]

depth charge n. (also 亦作 depth bomb)  a bomb capable of exploding under water, esp. for dropping on a submerged submarine etc. (尤指可在深水炸水下潜艇的)深水炸弹

depthless /ˈdepθlis/ adj.  1  extremely deep; fathomless 极深的；深不可测的 2  shallow, superficial 浅的；肤浅的

depth psychology n.  psychoanalysis to reveal hidden motives etc. (揭露内在动机等的)深蕴心理学

depurate /diˈpjʊəreit, ˈdepjʊreit/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become free from impurities (使)纯化； (使)洁化 □ depuration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ depurative  /diˈpjʊərətiv/ adj. & n.  □ depurator  n.   [medieval Latin depurare (as DE-, purus ‘pure’)]

deputation /depjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a group of people appointed to represent others, usu. for a specific purpose; a delegation (通常为某特殊目的而组成的)代表团；代表的委派 [Middle English from Late Latin deputatio (as DEPUTE)]

depute v. & n. ●v. tr. /diˈpju:t/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  appoint as a deputy 指定为代理人 2  delegate (a task, authority, etc.) (任务、职权等)委托；授权  deputed the leadership to her  授予她领导权 ●n. /ˈdepju:t/ Sc.  a deputy [苏格兰]代理人；代表 [Middle English via Old French deputé, past part. of deputer, from Latin deputare ‘regard as, allot’ (as DE-, putare ‘think’)]

deputize /ˈdepjʊtaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  act as a deputy or understudy 充当代理人(或替角)

deputy /ˈdepjʊti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person appointed or delegated to act for another or others 代表，代理人；副官 also 亦作 attrib.: deputy manager  副经理 2 Polit.  a parliamentary representative in certain countries, e.g. France 【政】(法国等一些国家的)议会代表 3 Brit.  a coal mine official responsible for safety [英] (负责煤矿安全的)现场监工，安全检查员 □ by deputy   by proxy 由别人代理，通过代表□ deputyship  n.   [Middle English variant of DEPUTE n.]

deputy lieutenant n. Brit.  the deputy of the Lord Lieutenant of a county [英]副郡长

deracinate /diˈræsineit/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  tear up by the roots 根除，灭绝 2  obliterate, expunge 擦掉，抹去 □ deracination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French déraciner (as DE-, racine from Late Latin radicina, diminutive of radix ‘root’)]

derail /diˈreil/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  cause (a train etc.) to leave the rails 使(火车等)脱轨 □ derailment  n.   [French dérailler (as DE-, RAIL1)]

derailleur /diˈreilə, -ljə/ n.  a bicycle gear in which the ratio is changed by switching the line of the chain while pedalling so that it jumps to a different sprocket (自行车的)变速器，换档装置 [French dérailleur (as DERAIL)]

derange /diˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  1  throw into confusion; disorganize; cause to act irregularly 使错乱；弄乱；搅乱 2 (esp. as 尤作 deranged adj.)  make insane 使精神错乱  deranged by the tragic events  悲剧事件使其精神失常 3  disturb; interrupt 打搅；扰乱 □ derangement  n.   [French déranger (as DE-, rang RANK1)]

derate /di:ˈreit/ v. Brit. [英]  1 tr.  remove part or all of the burden of rates from 减免…的税额 2 intr.  diminish or remove rates 减税，免税

deration /di:ˈræʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  free (food etc.) from rationing (食物等)取消定量供给；敞开供应

Derby /ˈdɑ:bi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an annual horse race run on the flat at Epsom 德比马赛(在埃普索姆平地举行的一年一度的赛马大会)b  a similar race elsewhere 马赛  Kentucky Derby  肯塔基马赛 2 (also 亦作 derby)  a  any important sporting contest 比赛；大赛b  = LOCAL DERBY  3 (作 derby) N. Amer.  a bowler hat [北美]常礼帽；圆顶高帽 [named after the 12th Earl of Derby, d. 1834, founder of the horse race]

Derby Day n.  the day on which the Derby is run 德比马赛日

derecognize /di:ˈrekəɡnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cease to recognize the status of (esp. a trade union) 不承认；撤销(尤指对工会的)承认 □ derecognition  /-ˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deregulate /di:ˈreɡjʊleit/ v. tr.  remove regulations or restrictions from 解除对…的管制；解除对…的控制 □ deregulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Derek /ˈderik/   德里克 [人名]

derelict /ˈderəlikt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  abandoned, ownerless (esp. of a ship at sea or an empty decrepit property) (尤指海上船只)被抛弃的，被遗弃的；(遗弃的陈旧财物)无主的 2 (esp. of property) ruined; dilapidated (尤指财产)毁坏的；遗弃的 3 N. Amer.  negligent (of duty etc.) [北美] (职责)玩忽职守的 ●n.  1  a social outcast; a person without a home, a job, or property 被遗弃者；流浪者 2  abandoned property, esp. a ship 遗弃物(尤指弃船) [Latin derelictus, past part. of derelinquere (as DE-, relinquere ‘leave’)]

dereliction /derəˈlikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  neglect; failure to carry out one's obligations 懈怠，不尽责，失职  dereliction of duty  失职b  an instance of this 玩忽职守，疏忽 2  the act or an instance of abandoning; the fact or process of being abandoned 抛弃，遗弃，放弃的事实(或过程) 3  a  the retreat of the sea exposing new land 海水下落后露出的新陆地b  the land so exposed 海边新生地 [Latin derelictio (as DERELICT)]

derequisition /ˌdi:rekwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  return (requisitioned property) to its former owner 把(征用的土地、财产等)归还原主

derestrict /di:riˈstrikt/ v. tr.  1  remove restrictions from 取消对…的限制 2 Brit.  remove speed restrictions from (a road, area, etc.) [英]取消对(道路、区域等)在行车速度方面的限制 □ derestriction  n.  

deride /diˈraid/ v. tr.  laugh scornfully at; ridicule 嘲弄，嘲笑 □ derider  n.  □ deridingly  adv.   [Latin deridēre (as DE-, ridēre ris- ‘laugh’)]

de-rig /di:ˈriɡ/ v. tr. (de-rigged, de-rigging) (also absol. [亦含宾])  dismantle the rigging of (a ship or aircraft) 拆除(船或飞机的)装置

de rigueur /də riˈɡɜ:/ predic. adj.  required by custom or etiquette 按照礼节(或习俗)所要求的；按礼节常规的  evening dress is de rigueur  穿晚礼服是符合惯例的 [French, = of strictness]

derision /diˈriʒ(ə)n/ n.  ridicule; mockery 嘲笑；嘲弄  bring into derision  使成笑柄，使受嘲笑 □ hold (or have) in derision  archaic  mock at [古义]嘲笑□ derisible  /diˈrizib(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin derisio-onis (as DERIDE)]

derisive /diˈraisiv, -z-/ adj.  scoffing; ironical; scornful 嘲笑的，讥笑的；讽刺挖苦的；轻蔑的  derisive cheers  嘲笑的喝彩声 □ derisively  adv.  □ derisiveness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DERISORY. 见 DERISORY 的用法说明。 

derisory /diˈrais(ə)ri, -z-/ adj.  1  so small or unimportant as to be ridiculous 微不足道得可笑的  derisory offer  低得可笑的出价 derisory costs  可笑的代价 2  = DERISIVE  [Late Latin derisorius (as DERISION)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between derisory and derisive. Both words mean ‘scoffing’, but derisory also means ‘ridiculously small’, which is now its more usual sense. 注意 derisory 和 derisive 之间的差异。两词的意思都指“嘲弄”，但 derisory 还表示“小得可笑”，这已成了该词更常用的意思。 

derivation /deriˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of deriving or obtaining from a source; the fact or process of being derived 溯源；引出；推论 2  a  the formation of a word from another word or from a root 派生b  a derivative 派生词c  the tracing of the origin of a word 词源d  a statement or account of this 派生关系的说明(阐述) 3  extraction, descent 衍生；出身 4 Math.  a sequence of statements showing that a formula, theorem, etc., is a consequence of previously accepted statements 【数】(方程式、定理等的)求导，推导；导数；微商 □ derivational  adj.   [French dérivation or Latin derivatio (as DERIVE)]

derivative /diˈrivətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  derived from another source; not original 衍生的；缺乏独创性的；模仿他人的  his music is derivative and uninteresting  他的音乐因无独创性而显得平淡无味 ●n.  1  something derived from another source, esp. 导出(或被推论出来)的事，尤指 :a  a word derived from another or from a root (e.g. quickly from quick 如 quickly 派生于 quick) 派生词b Chem.  a chemical compound that is derived from another 【化】衍生物 2 Math.  a quantity measuring the rate of change of another 【数】导数；微商 □ derivatively  adv.   [French dérivatif -ive from Latin derivativus (as DERIVE)]

derive /diˈraiv/ v.  1 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  get, obtain, or form 取得，得到；形成  derived satisfaction from work  乐趣来自工作b (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 from) (of a word etc.) originate, be formed from (词等)起源于；由…构成 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  a  arise from, originate in, be descended or obtained from 起因于；起源于；出身于；得自于  happiness derives from many things  幸福来自多种事情b  = sense 1b  3 tr.  gather or deduce 收集；推论  derived the information from the clues  从线索中获得信息 4 tr.  a  trace the descent of (a person) 追溯…的起源，追寻(某人的)家世血统b  show the origin of (a thing) 说明(某事的)起源(或来由) 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  show or state the origin or formation of (a word etc.) 表明(或说明词等的)词源(或构成)  derived the word from Latin  该词源自拉丁语 6 tr. Math.  obtain (a function) by differentiation 【数】(函数)导出 □ derivable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French deriver or from Latin derivare (as DE-, rivus ‘stream’)]

derm (also 亦作 derma) var.  of DERMIS DERMIS 的变体

dermatitis /dɜ:məˈtaitis/ n.  inflammation of the skin 皮炎 [Greek derma -atos ‘skin’ + -ITIS]

dermatoglyphics /dɜ:mətəʊˈɡlifiks/ n.  the science or study of skin markings or patterns, esp. of the fingers, hands, and feet (尤指手指、手、脚的)皮纹学，肤纹学 □ dermatoglyphic  adj.  □ dermatoglyphically  adv.   [as DERMATITIS + Greek gluphē ‘carving’: see GLYPH]

dermatology /dɜ:məˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders 皮肤病学 □ dermatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ dermatologist  n.   [as DERMATITIS + -LOGY]

dermis /ˈdɜ:mis/ n. (also 亦作 derm /dɜ:m/ or derma /ˈdɜ:mə/)  1 (in general use) the skin (一般用法)皮；皮肤 2 Anat.  the true skin, the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis 【解】真皮(表皮下的一层组织) □ dermal  adj.  □ dermic  adj.   [modern Latin, suggested by EPIDERMIS]

Dermot /ˈdɜ:mɒt/   德莫特 [人名]

dernier cri /dɜ:njei ˈkri:/ n.  the very latest fashion 最新款式 [French, = last cry]

derogate /ˈderəɡeit/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 from) formal [正式]  1  take away a part from; detract from (a merit, a right, etc.) (功绩、权利等)贬损，贬低；毁损 2  deviate from (correct behaviour etc.) 偏离；违背(正确举止等) □ derogative  /diˈrɒɡətiv/ adj.   [Latin derogare (as DE-, rogare ‘ask’)]

derogation /derəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a lessening or impairment of (a law, authority, position, dignity, etc.) (法律、权力、地位、尊严等的)减轻；贬低；损害，损毁 2  deterioration; debasement 恶化；堕落 [Middle English from French dérogation or Latin derogatio (as DEROGATE)]

derogatory /diˈrɒɡət(ə)ri/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  involving disparagement or discredit; insulting, depreciatory 贬损的；诽谤的；有侮人格的；贬低的  made a derogatory remark  发表诽谤性言论 derogatory to my position  有损我的地位 □ derogatorily  adv.   [Late Latin derogatorius (as DEROGATE)]

derrick /ˈderik/ n.  1  a kind of crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, having a movable pivoted arm (旋臂式)起重机 2  the framework over an oil well or similar excavation, holding the drilling machinery 井架；钻井(高)塔 [obsolete senses hangman, gallows, from the name of a London hangman c. 1600]

derring-do /deriŋˈdu:/ n. literary or joc.  heroic courage or action [文学用语] [诙]蛮勇，大胆行为 [Middle English, = daring to do, misinterpreted by Spenser and by Scott]

derringer /ˈderin(d)ʒə/ n.  a small large-bore pistol 大口径短筒小手枪 [named after H. Deringer, American inventor d. 1868]

derris /ˈderis/ n.  1  any woody tropical climbing leguminous plant of the genus Derris, bearing leathery pods 毛鱼藤(鱼藤属热带攀援植物，结有皮质豆荚) 2  an insecticide made from the powdered root of some kinds of derris 鱼藤酮(由某些种类的鱼藤根磨碎制成的杀虫药剂) [modern Latin from Greek, = leather covering (with reference to its pod)]

derrière /deriˈeɜ:/ n. colloq. euphem.  the buttocks [口] [婉]臀部 [French, = behind]

derry /ˈderi/ n.   □ have a derry on  Austral. & NZ colloq.  be prejudiced against (a person) [澳新口]对(某人)怀有偏见；对(某人)怀恨在心 [apparently from the song-refrain derry down]

derv /dɜ:v/ n. Brit.  diesel oil for road vehicles [英] (交通工具用的)车用柴油 [diesel-engined road-vehicle]

dervish /ˈdɜ:viʃ/ n.  a member of any of several Muslim fraternities vowed to poverty and austerity (伊斯兰教的)苦行僧，托钵僧 [Turkish dervis from Persian darvēsh ‘poor, a mendicant’]

de règle /də ˈreɡl(ə), 法 də rɛɡl/ predic. adj.  customary; proper 合乎规则惯例的，习惯的；合适的 [French, = of rule]

DES abbr. hist. (in the UK) Department of Education and Science (replaced in 1992 by the DFE) [缩略] [史义] (英国)教育和科学部(自 1992 年起由教育部替代)

Des /dez/   德斯 [人名]

desalinate /di:ˈsælineit/ v. tr.  remove salt from (esp. sea water) 除去(尤指海水)中的盐分，淡化海水 □ desalination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

desalinize /di:ˈsælinaiz/ v. tr. US [美]  = DESALINATE  □ desalinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

desalt /di:ˈsɔ:lt, -ˈsɒlt/ v. tr.  = DESALINATE 

descale /di:ˈskeil/ v. tr.  remove the scale from 除去…的水垢

descant n. & v. ●n. /ˈdeskænt/  1 Mus.  an independent treble melody usu. sung or played above a basic melody, esp. of a hymn tune 【音】(尤指赞美诗歌的)高声(通常演唱、演奏中高于基调) 2 poet.  a melody; a song [诗]旋律；歌曲 ●v. intr. /diˈskænt, de-/  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  talk lengthily and tediously, esp. in praise of (尤指赞扬性地)详谈；详述；评论 2 Mus.  sing or play a descant 【音】唱歌；演奏 [Middle English via Old French deschant from medieval Latin discantus (as DIS-, cantus ‘song, CHANT’)]

descant recorder n. Brit.  the most common size of recorder, with a range of two octaves [英]迪斯坎特竖笛(一种高音竖笛)

descend /diˈsend/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  go or come down (a hill, stairs, etc.) (山上、楼上)下来，下降 2 intr. (of a thing) sink, fall (东西)下落；降下，落下  rain descended heavily  下着大雨 3 intr.  slope downwards, lie along a descending slope 下斜，下倾  fields descended to the beach  田野下斜到海滩 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  a  make a sudden attack 突袭b  make an unexpected and usu. unwelcome visit (通常为不受欢迎的)突然造访  hope they don't descend on us at the weekend  希望他们不要在周末来访 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, to) (of property, qualities, rights, etc.) be passed by inheritance (财产、品质、权利等的)传给；祖传  the house descends from my grandmother  房子为我祖母所传 the property descended to me  财产由我继承 6 intr.  a  sink in rank, quality, etc. (等级、质量等)递减b (foll. by 后跟 to)  degrade oneself or stoop morally to (an unworthy act) 降低身份去做(卑劣的举动；) 堕落  descend to violence  堕落到使用暴力 7 intr. Mus. (of sound) become lower in pitch 【音】(声音)音调降低，下行 8 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  proceed (in discourse or writing) 开始，着手(演说或写作):a  in time (to a subsequent event etc.) 按时间顺序谈(下一个事件等)b  from the general (to the particular) 转而谈到(具体情况)  now let's descend to details  现在我们谈些细节问题 9 tr.  go along (a river etc.) to the sea etc. (河流等)顺流而下(至大海等) 10 intr. Printing (of a letter) have its tail below the line 【印刷】(字母)下伸 □ be descended from   have as an ancestor 是…的后裔□ descendent  adj.   [Middle English via Old French descendre from Latin descendere (as DE-, scandere ‘climb’)]

descendant /diˈsend(ə)nt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a person or thing descended from another 子孙，后代  a descendant of Charles I  查尔斯一世的后裔 [French, part. of descendre (as DESCEND)]

descender /diˈsendə/ n. Printing  a part of a letter that extends below the line 【印刷】(字母的)下伸部分

descendible /diˈsendib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a slope etc.) that may be descended (斜坡等)可走(或爬)下的；可下降的 2 Law  capable of descending by inheritance 【法律】能世袭的 [Old French descendable (as DESCEND)]

descent /diˈsent/ n.  1  a  the act of descending 下降，下落b  an instance of this 降下；降落c  a downward movement 落下 2  a  a way or path etc. by which one may descend 下坡路(道路等)b  a downward slope 向下的斜坡 3  a  being descended; lineage, family origin 世系，血统；家世  traces his descent from William the Conqueror  追溯到他是威廉一世的后裔b  the transmission of qualities, property, privileges, etc., by inheritance (品质、财产、特权等的)继承；世袭 4  a  a decline; a fall 衰落；堕落b  a lowering (of pitch, temperature, etc.) (音调、温度等的)下降 5  a sudden violent attack 袭击 [Middle English from Old French descente, from descendre DESCEND]

descramble /di:ˈskræmb(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  convert or restore (a signal) to intelligible form (把信号)转换(或储成)可理解格式 2  counteract the effects of (a scrambling device) 消除(反扰码器的)影响 3  recover an original signal from (a scrambled signal) (从反扰码信号)恢复原来的信号 □ descrambler  n.  

describe /diˈskraib/ v. tr.  1  a  state the characteristics, appearance, etc. of, in spoken or written form (性质、外貌等)描述，描绘，叙述  described the landscape  描绘景色b (foll. by 后跟 as)  assert to be; call 断言；将…称为  described him as a habitual liar  称他为惯骗 2  a  mark out or draw (esp. a geometrical figure) 标记(或画出) (尤指几何图形)  described a triangle  画了一个三角形b  move in (a specified way, esp. a curve) (以一种特定方式，尤指曲线)移动  described a parabola through the air  以抛物线形在空中运行 □ describable  adj.  □ describer  n.   [Latin describere (as DE-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

description /diˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of describing; the process of being described 描写，叙述；形容；说明b  a spoken or written representation (of a person, object, or event) (对人、物或事件的)口头(或书面)陈述 2  a sort, kind, or class 种类；式样  no food of any description  什么食物都没有 □ answers (or fits) the description   has the qualities specified 和描述的相符 [Middle English via Old French from Latin descriptio -onis (as DESCRIBE)]

descriptive /diˈskriptiv/ adj.  1  serving or seeking to describe 描写的；叙述的；说明的；记叙体的  a descriptive writer  一位记叙文作家 2  describing or classifying without expressing feelings or judging (不带感情、不加评论的)描写性的；记述性的  a purely descriptive account  纯记述性的报导 3 Linguistics  describing a language without comparing, endorsing, or condemning particular usage, vocabulary, etc. (opp. 反义 PRESCRIPTIVE) 【语言学】(特殊的用法、词汇等)描写的；描述的 4 Gram. (of an adjective) describing the noun, rather than its relation, position, etc., e.g. blue as distinct from few 【语法】(形容词)描述性的(指该形容词是描述名词，而不是表明关系、位置等，如 blue 是描写，而 few 就不是) □ descriptively  adv.  □ descriptiveness  n.   [Late Latin descriptivus (as DESCRIBE)]

descriptor /diˈskriptə/ n. Linguistics  a word or expression etc. used to describe or identify 【语言学】叙词(系索词等) [Latin, = describer (as DESCRIBE)]

descry /diˈskrai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) literary  catch sight of; discern [文学用语]发现；辨别；察看  descried him in the crowd  从人群中认出了他 descries no glimmer of light in her situation  看不到她处境中的一线希望 [Middle English (earlier senses ‘proclaim, DECRY’) from Old French descrier: probably confused with variant of obsolete descrive from Old French descrivre DESCRIBE]

desecrate /ˈdesikreit/ v. tr.  1  violate (a sacred place or thing) with violence, profanity, etc. (用暴力、语言等)亵渎；侮辱(圣地、圣物等) 2  deprive (a church, a sacred object, etc.) of sanctity; deconsecrate 使(教堂)不圣洁；把(圣物等)改作俗用 □ desecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desecrator  n.   [DE- + CONSECRATE]

deseed /di:ˈsi:d/ v. tr. Brit.  remove the seeds from (a plant, vegetable, etc.) [英]去除(植物、蔬菜等中的)籽

deseeder /di:ˈsi:də/ n.  a machine for deseeding 亚麻梳籽装置，亚麻脱粒机

desegregate /di:ˈseɡriɡeit/ v. tr.  abolish racial segregation in (schools etc.) or of (people etc.) 废除(学校等中的)种族隔离；废除对(人等)实行种族隔离 □ desegregation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deselect /di:siˈlekt/ v. tr. Brit. Polit.  decline to select or retain as a constituency candidate in an election [英]【政】取消选定；中途淘汰 □ deselection  n.  

desensitize /di:ˈsensitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  reduce or destroy the sensitiveness of (photographic materials to light, a person to an allergen, etc.) 使麻木不仁；使无情；减少(照相材料)感光性，使(人对变应原等)不敏感 □ desensitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desensitizer  n.  

desert1 /diˈzɜ:t/ v.  1 tr.  abandon, give up, leave 抛弃；放弃；离弃；遗弃  deserted the sinking ship  遗弃沉船 2 tr.  forsake or abandon (a cause or a person, people, etc., having claims on one) 放弃(事业), 抛弃(某人等；) 背弃(人们；) 放弃(要求、索赔)  deserted his wife and children  他抛弃了妻子儿女 3 tr.  fail 失去  his presence of mind deserted him  他失去了理智 4 intr. Mil.  run away (esp. from military service) 【军】从…逃跑(尤指在军队里开小差) 5 tr. (as 作 deserted adj.)  empty, abandoned 空的；遗弃的  a deserted house  一座遗弃的房屋 □ deserter  n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ desertion  /-ˈzɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French déserter via Late Latin desertare from Latin desertus (as DESERT2)]

desert2 /ˈdezət/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dry barren often sand-covered area of land, characteristically desolate, waterless, and without vegetation 沙漠 2  an uninteresting or barren subject, period, etc. 枯燥乏味的事物(或时期等)  a cultural desert  文化沙漠 ●adj.  1  uninhabited, desolate 无人迹的，无人烟的 2  uncultivated, barren 不毛的，贫瘠的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin desertus, ecclesiastical Latin desertum (n.), past part. of deserere ‘leave, forsake’]

desert3 /diˈzɜ:t/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a  acts or qualities deserving reward or punishment 应得赏罚的行为(或品质)b  such reward or punishment (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 get one's just deserts) 应得的奖赏(或惩罚) 2  the fact of being worthy of reward or punishment; deservingness (值得赏罚的)事实；功过 [Middle English via Old French from deservir DESERVE]

desert boot n.  a suede etc. boot reaching to or extending just above the ankle (仿麂皮等的)沙漠靴

desertification /deˌzɜ:tifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of making or becoming a desert 沙漠化

desert island n.  a remote (usu. tropical) island presumed to be uninhabited (通常指热带的)荒岛

desert rat n. Brit. colloq.  a soldier of the 7th British armoured division (with the jerboa as a badge) in the N. African desert campaign of 1941 － 42 [英口] (1941 至 1942 年间北非沙漠战役中)英军第 7 装甲师的士兵(该师以跳鼠为标志)

deserve /diˈzɜ:v/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  show conduct or qualities worthy of (reward, punishment, etc.) 应受，值得；该得(奖励、惩罚等)  deserves to be imprisoned  该去坐牢 deserves a prize  应该获奖 □ deserve well (or ill) of   be worthy of good (or bad) treatment at the hands of 应受奖赏(惩罚)  deserves well of the electorate  有功于选民□ deservedly  /-vidli/ adv.  □ deservedness  /-vidnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French deservir from Latin deservire (as DE-, servire ‘serve’)]

deserving /diˈzɜ:viŋ/ adj.  meritorious 有功的，该受赏的 □ deserving of   showing conduct or qualities worthy of (praise, blame, help, etc.) (行为、品质)应得的，值得的(赞美、责备、帮助等)□ deservingly  adv.  □ deservingness  n.  

desex /di:ˈseks/ v. tr.  1  castrate or spay (an animal) 阉割，给(动物)去睾(或切除卵巢) 2  deprive of sexual qualities or attraction 去除…的性特征

desexualize /di:ˈseksjʊəlaiz, -ˈsekʃʊəl-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  deprive of sexual character or of the distinctive qualities of a sex 除去…的性特征；阉割

desiccant /ˈdesik(ə)nt/ n. Chem.  a hygroscopic substance used as a drying agent 【化】干燥剂

desiccate /ˈdesikeit/ v. tr.  remove the moisture from, dry (esp. food for preservation) (尤指给储存的食物)干燥；使脱水  desiccated coconut  干椰子肉 □ desiccation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desiccative  /-kətiv/ adj.   [Latin desiccare (as DE-, siccus ‘dry’)]

desiccator /ˈdesikeitə/ n.  1  an apparatus for desiccating 干燥器 2 Chem.  an apparatus containing a drying agent to remove the moisture from specimens 【化】(具有干燥剂以去除样品中水气的)干燥器；除湿器

desiderate /diˈzidəreit, -ˈsid-/ v. tr. archaic  feel to be missing; regret the absence of; wish to have [古义]渴望，希求，亟需 [Latin desiderare (as DE-, siderare as in CONSIDER)]

desiderative /diˈzid(ə)rətiv, -ˈsid-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Gram. (of a verb, conjugation, etc.) formed from another verb etc. and denoting a desire to perform the action of that verb etc. 【语法】(动词、同源词等)表意愿的 2  desiring 愿望的 ●n. Gram.  a desiderative verb, conjugation, etc. 【语法】愿望动词(同源词等) [Late Latin desiderativus (as DESIDERATE)]

desideratum /diˌzidəˈrɑ:təm, -ˈreitəm; -ˌsid-/ n. (pl. desiderata /-tə/)  something lacking but needed or desired 想望之物；迫切需要之物 [Latin, neut. past part. of desiderare DESIDERATE]

design /diˈzain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a preliminary plan, sketch, or concept, for the making or production of a building, machine, garment, etc. (建筑、机械、服装等的)设计；草图；概念b  the art of producing these 设计艺术 2  a scheme of lines or shapes forming a pattern or decoration 图样；图案 3  a plan, purpose, or intention 计划，目的，意图 4  a  an example or a completed version of a sketch, concept, or pattern 样式，款式b  an established version of a product 产品的版式  one of our most popular designs  我们最流行的版式之一 ●v. tr.  1  produce a design for (a building, machine, picture, garment, etc.) 设计(房屋、机器、绘画、衣服等) 2  intend, plan, or purpose 打算；计划，策划  the remark was designed to offend  蓄意冒犯的评论 a course designed for beginners  为初学者设计的课程 designed an attack  策划一场进攻 3 (absol. [含宾])  be a designer 当设计师 □ by design   on purpose 故意地，蓄意地□ have designs on   have one's sights set on; plan to attack or appropriate 对…有野心；有(攻击、盗用)企图 [French désigner ‘appoint’ or obsolete French desseing, ultimately from Latin designare DESIGNATE]

designate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈdeziɡneit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  appoint to an office or function 任命；指派  designated him as postmaster general  任命他为邮政部长 designated his own successor  任命他自己的继任人 2  specify or particularize 标明；指定  receives guests at designated times  在指定时间接待客人 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  describe as; entitle, style 描述；称呼 4  serve as the name or distinctive mark of 命名；把…叫做  English uses French words to designate ballet steps  英语采用法语的词语来命名芭蕾舞舞步 ●adj. /ˈdeziɡnət/ (placed after noun) appointed to an office but not yet installed (置于名词后)表示被委派而尚未就任的，候任的  bishop designate  已被任命而尚未就任的主教 □ designator  /-neitə/ n.   [Latin designat-, past part. stem of designare (as DE-, signare from signum ‘mark’)]

designation /deziɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a name, description, or title 名称；称号，称呼 2  the act or process of designating 指派，委任 [Middle English from Old French designation or Latin designatio (as DESIGNATE)]

designedly /diˈzainidli/ adv.  by design; on purpose 故意地，特意地

designer /diˈzainə/ n.  1  a person who makes artistic designs or plans for construction, e.g. for clothing, machines, theatre sets; a draughtsman (如服装、机械、舞台布景的)设计师；制图师；构思者；打样人 2 (作 attrib.) (of clothing etc.) bearing the name or label of a famous designer; prestigious (服装等)由著名设计师专门设计的；标出著名设计师姓名的；有品牌效应的

designer drug n.  a synthetic analogue of an illegal drug, esp. one not itself illegal (尤指药物本身合法，合成后非法的)化合致幻药；强效毒品

designing /diˈzainiŋ/ adj.  crafty, artful, or scheming 狡诈的；狡猾的；诡计多端的 □ designingly  adv.  

desirable /diˈzaiərəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  worth having or wishing for 值得拥有的；想要的  it is desirable that nobody should smoke  最好大家都别抽烟 2  arousing sexual desire; very attractive 引起性欲的；妩媚动人的，极吸引人的 ●n.  a desirable person or thing 理想的人(或物) □ desirability  /-ˈbiliti/ n  □ desirableness  n.  □ desirably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as DESIRE)]

desire /diˈzaiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an unsatisfied longing or craving 欲望；渴望b  an expression of this; a request 愿望；期望；要求  expressed a desire to rest  表达需要休息的愿望 2  sexual appetite, lust 性欲，肉欲 3  something desired 渴望得到的东西；期望的对象  achieved his heart's desire  得到他心里渴望的东西 ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  long for; crave 欲望；渴望b  feel sexual desire for 想与…交媾 2  request 要求；请求  desires a cup of tea  想要一杯茶 3 archaic  pray, entreat, or command [古义]恳求，乞求；命令  desire him to wait  要他等一等 [Middle English via Old French desir, from desirer, from Latin desiderare DESIDERATE]

desirous /diˈzaiərəs/ predic. adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  ambitious, desiring 热望的，期望的  desirous of stardom  渴望当明星 desirous of doing well  希望做好 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  wishful; hoping 向往的，盼望的  desirous to do the right thing  想要做正义之事 [Middle English via Anglo-French desirous, Old French desireus from Romanic (as DESIRE)]

desist /diˈzist, diˈsist/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from) literary  abstain; cease [文学用语]断念；戒绝；停止  please desist from interrupting  请别打搅 when requested, he desisted  一旦向他提出要求，他就停下来 [Old French desister from Latin desistere (as DE-, sistere ‘stop’, reduplication of stare ‘stand’)]

desk /desk/ n.  1  a piece of furniture with a flat or sloped surface for writing on, and often drawers 书桌，写字台，办公桌 2  a counter in a hotel, bank, etc., which separates the customer from the assistant (饭店、银行等的)服务台；问讯台；工作台；出纳台 3  a section of a newspaper office, radio station, etc., dealing with a specified topic (报社、电台等的)编辑部  the sports desk  体育部 the features desk  专题节目部 4 Mus.  a music stand in an orchestra regarded as a unit of two players 【音】(两位管弦乐演奏者合用的)乐谱架 [Middle English via medieval Latin desca from Latin DISCUS ‘disc’]

desk-bound adj.  obliged to remain working at a desk 终日伏案工作的

deskill /di:ˈskil/ v. tr.  1  render (a skilled worker) unskilled 使(技术工)变得不熟练 2  remove the need for skill from (a job, production, etc.) 降低(工作、生产等的)技术含量

desktop /ˈdesktɒp/ n.  1  the working surface of a desk 桌面 2 (作 attrib.) (esp. of a microcomputer) suitable for use at an ordinary desk (尤指微型电脑)台式的

desktop publishing n.  the production of printed matter with a desktop computer and printer 桌面排版(系统)

desman /ˈdesmən/ n. (pl. desmans)  either of two aquatic flesh-eating shrewlike mammals, one originating in Russia (Desmana moschata) and one in the Pyrenees (Galemys pyrenaicus) 俄罗斯麝鼹；比利牛斯鼬鼹 [French & German from Swedish desman-råtta ‘muskrat’]

desmid /ˈdesmid/ n.  a microscopic unicellular freshwater alga of the family Desmidiaceae (鼓藻科)绿藻门植物；鼓藻 [modern Latin genus name Desmidium, from Greek desmos ‘band, chain’]

Desmond /ˈdezmənd/   德斯蒙德 [人名]

desolate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈdes(ə)lət/  1  left alone; solitary 孤独的，荒凉的 2 (of a building or place) uninhabited, ruined, neglected, barren, dreary, empty (建筑物、地方)无人居住的；毁灭的；遗弃的；贫瘠的；空无一物的  a desolate moor  荒凉的沼泽 3  forlorn; wretched; miserable 孤独凄凉的；可怜的；悲惨的  was left desolate and weeping  独自一人凄凉哭泣 ●v. tr. /ˈdesəleit/  1  depopulate or devastate; lay waste to 使无人烟；使荒废；使荒芜 2 (esp. as 尤作 desolated adj.)  make wretched or forlorn 使孤独可怜(的)  desolated by grief  悲伤凄凉 inconsolable and desolated  伤心悲伤 □ desolately  /-lətli/ adv.  □ desolateness  /-lətnis/ n.  □ desolator  /-leitə/ n.   [Middle English from Latin desolatus, past part. of desolare (as DE-, solare from solus ‘alone’)]

desolation /desəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of desolating 荒废；破坏；蹂躏b  the process of being desolated 荒芜；荒凉 2  loneliness, grief, or wretchedness, esp. caused by desertion (由于遗弃导致的)孤独；忧伤；悲惨 3  a neglected, ruined, barren, or empty state 荒地；废墟；荒芜；空虚状态 [Middle English from Late Latin desolatio (as DESOLATE)]

desorb /di:ˈsɔ:b/ v.  1 tr.  cause the release of (an adsorbed substance) from a surface (使) (吸入物)解吸； (使)脱附 2 intr. (of an adsorbed substance) become released 释放出(吸入物) □ desorbent  adj. & n.  □ desorption  n.   [DE-, ADSORB]

despair /diˈspɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  the complete loss or absence of hope 绝望，失望 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  lose or be without hope 绝望；失去希望  despaired of ever seeing her again  对再次见她已经不抱任何希望 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  lose hope about 失去…的希望  his life is despaired of  他的一生完了 □ be the despair of   be the cause of despair by badness or unapproachable excellence 令人绝望的原因  he's the despair of his parents  他使父母感到绝望□ despairingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French desespeir, desperer from Latin desperare (as DE-, sperare ‘hope’)]

despatch var.  of DISPATCH  DISPATCH 的变体

desperado /despəˈrɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or US [美] -os)  a desperate or reckless person, esp. a criminal 亡命之徒(尤指罪犯) [pseudo-Spanish from obsolete noun DESPERATE]

desperate /ˈdesp(ə)rət/ adj.  1  reckless from despair; violent and lawless 不顾一切的，拼命的；无法无天的 2  a  extremely dangerous or serious 极端危险的，极端严峻的  a desperate situation  极为严峻的形势b  staking all on a small chance 孤注一掷的  a desperate remedy  非常手段，最后手段 3  very bad 极坏的；极度的  a desperate night  令人恐怖的夜晚 desperate poverty  赤贫 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  needing or desiring very much 极需要的；极想望的  desperate for recognition  渴望得到承认 □ desperately  adv.  □ desperateness  n.  □ desperation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin desperatus, past part. of desperare (as DE-, sperare ‘hope’)]

despicable /diˈspikəb(ə)l, ˈdespik-/ adj.  vile; contemptible, esp. morally (尤指道德方面)可鄙的，卑劣的 □ despicably  adv.   [Late Latin despicabilis from despicari (as DE-, specere ‘look at’)]

despise /diˈspaiz/ v. tr.  look down on as inferior, worthless, or contemptible 轻视；鄙视；藐视 □ despiser  n.   [Middle English from despis-, pres. stem of Old French despire, from Latin despicere (as DE-, specere ‘look at’)]

despite /diˈspait/ prep. & n. ●prep.  in spite of 尽管；不管；不论；任凭 ●n. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  outrage, injury 暴行；伤害 2  malice, hatred 恶意；仇恨  died of mere despite  抱恨而死 □ despite (or in despite) of  archaic  in spite of [古义]尽管；不管；任凭□ despiteful  adj.   [Middle English via Old French despit from Latin despectus ‘looking down on’, from despicere (as DESPISE)]

despoil /diˈspɔil/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) literary  plunder; rob; deprive [文学用语]抢劫；掠夺；剥夺  despoiled the roof of its lead  剥夺其领先的限度 □ despoiler  n.  □ despoilment  n.  □ despoliation  /diˌspəʊliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French despoill(i)er from Latin despoliare (as DE-, spoliare SPOIL)]

despond /diˈspɒnd/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  lose heart or hope; be dejected 泄气，沮丧，失望 ●n. archaic  despondency [古义]泄气，沮丧，失望 [Latin despondēre ‘give up, abandon’ (as DE-, spondēre ‘promise’)]

despondent /diˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ adj.  in low spirits, dejected 泄气的；沮丧的；失望的 □ despondence  n.  □ despondency  n.  □ despondently  adv.  

despot /ˈdespɒt/ n.  1  an absolute ruler 专制君主(统治者) 2  a tyrant or oppressor 暴君；压迫者 □ despotic  /-ˈspɒtik/ adj.  □ despotically  /-ˈspɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [French despote via medieval Latin despota from Greek despotēs ‘master, lord’]

despotism /ˈdespətiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  rule by a despot 专制统治b  a country ruled by a despot 专制国家 2  absolute power or control; tyranny 绝对权利(或控制)；暴政

desquamate /ˈdeskwəmeit/ v. intr. Med. (esp. of the skin) come off in scales (as in some diseases) 【医】(尤指皮肤在某些疾病中)剥落，脱落；脱皮 □ desquamation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desquamative  /-ˈskwæmətiv/ adj.  □ desquamatory  /-ˈskwæmət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin desquamare (as DE-, squama ‘scale’)]

des res /dez ˈrez/ n. Brit. colloq.  a desirable residence [英口]理想(称心)的住处 [abbreviation]

dessert /diˈzɜ:t/ n.  1  the sweet course of a meal, served at or near the end 餐后甜点 2 Brit.  a course of fruit, nuts, etc., served after a meal [英]甜(尾)食；餐后吃的水果(或坚果) [French, past part. of desservir ‘clear the table’ (as DIS-, servir SERVE)]

dessertspoon /diˈzɜ:tspu:n/ n.  1  a spoon used for dessert, smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a teaspoon (餐后)甜点匙，中型匙 2  the amount held by this 一甜点匙的量 □ dessertspoonful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

dessert wine n.  usu. sweet wine drunk with or following dessert 餐末(通常甜)酒

destabilize /di:ˈsteibilaiz, -b(ə)l-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  render unstable 使不稳；使动摇 2  subvert (esp. a foreign government) 颠覆(尤指外国政府) □ destabilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

destination /destiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a place to which a person or thing is going 目的地 [Old French destination or Latin destinatio (as DESTINE)]

destine /ˈdestin/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, or to + infin.)  set apart; appoint; preordain; intend 留出；指定；注定；预定  destined him for the navy  他注定要当海军 □ be destined to   be fated or preordained to 命中注定  was destined to become a great man  命中注定会成为伟人 [Middle English via French destiner from Latin destinare (ultimately from stare ‘stand’)]

destiny /ˈdestini/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the predetermined course of events; fate 天数；命运b  this regarded as a power 天命 2  what is destined to happen to a particular person etc. (发生在某特殊人物身上的)天意  it was their destiny to be rejected  他们受到拒绝，这是天意 [Middle English via Old French destinée from Romanic, past part. of destinare: see DESTINE]

destitute /ˈdestitju:t/ adj.  1  without food, shelter, etc.; completely impoverished (缺少吃、住等)穷困的，赤贫的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  lacking 缺乏…的  destitute of friends  缺少朋友 □ destitution  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin destitutus, past part. of destituere ‘forsake’ (as DE-, statuere ‘place’)]

destock /di:ˈstɒk/ v. intr.  reduce the stock or quantity held 缩减储量

destrier /ˈdestriə, deˈstri:ə/ n. hist.  a warhorse [史义]军马，战马 [Middle English from Anglo-French destrer, Old French destrier, ultimately from Latin DEXTER1 ‘right’ (as the knight's horse was led by the squire with the right hand)]

destroy /diˈstrɔi/ v. tr.  1  pull or break down; demolish 破坏，毁灭；拆毁；摧毁  destroyed the bridge  摧毁桥梁 2  put an end to 打破；消除；结束  the accident destroyed her confidence  这次事故使她的信心荡然无存 3  kill (esp. a sick or savage animal) by humane means 杀戮(尤指病畜或野兽) 4  make useless; spoil utterly 使无效；宠坏 5  ruin financially, professionally, or in reputation (财政、职业、名誉方面)毁坏 6  defeat utterly 击溃  destroyed the enemy  击溃敌军 [Middle English from Old French destruire, ultimately from Latin destruere (as DE-, struere struct- ‘build’)]

destroyer /diˈstrɔiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that destroys 破坏者；起破坏作用的东西 2 Naut.  a fast warship with guns and torpedoes used to protect other ships 【海】驱逐舰

destroying angel n.  a poisonous white toadstool, Amanita virosa 鬼笔鹅膏(一种毒蘑菇)

destruct /diˈstrʌkt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  destroy (esp. one's own rocket) deliberately, esp. for safety reasons 有意摧毁(尤指出于安全原因将自己的火箭摧毁)，使自毁 2 intr.  be destroyed in this way 自毁 ●n.  an act of destructing a rocket etc. (火箭等的)自毁 [Latin destruere (as DESTROY) or as back-formation from DESTRUCTION]

destructible /diˈstrʌktib(ə)l/ adj.  able to be destroyed 可破坏的，可毁坏的 □ destructibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French destructible or Late Latin destructibilis (as DESTROY)]

destruction /diˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of destroying; the process of being destroyed 破坏，毁灭，消灭 2  a cause of ruin; something that destroys 毁灭的原因；破坏物  greed was their destruction  他们毁于贪婪 [Middle English via Old French from Latin destructio -onis (as DESTROY)]

destructive /diˈstrʌktiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, of)  destroying or tending to destroy 破坏(性)的；有破坏作用的；有害的  destructive of her peace of mind  有害于她心境的平静 is destructive to organisms  对有机组织起破坏作用 a destructive child  坏孩子 2  negative in attitude or criticism; refuting without suggesting, helping, amending, etc. (opp. 反义 CONSTRUCTIVE) 消极的； (对建议、帮助、改进等)非建设性的  has only destructive criticism to offer  仅提出非建设性的批评 □ destructively  adv.  □ destructiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French destructif -ive from Late Latin destructivus (as DESTROY)]

destructor /diˈstrʌktə/ n. Brit.  a refuse-burning furnace [英]垃圾焚化炉

desuetude /diˈsju:itju:d, ˈdeswi-/ n.  a state of disuse 废止；不用  the custom fell into desuetude  此习俗已废止 [French désuétude or Latin desuetudo (as DE-, suescere suet- ‘be accustomed’)]

desulphurize /di:ˈsʌlfəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise, US [美] desulfurize)  remove sulphur or sulphur compounds from 使脱硫，除去…中的硫化物 □ desulphurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

desultory /ˈdes(ə)lt(ə)ri, -z-/ adj.  1  going constantly from one subject to another, esp. in a half-hearted way (尤指半心半意)散漫的；无目的的；  2  disconnected; unmethodical; superficial 不连贯的，杂乱的；肤浅的 □ desultorily  adv.  □ desultoriness  n.   [Latin desultorius ‘superficial’, from desultor ‘vaulter’ from desult- (as DE-, salt-, past part. stem of salire ‘leap’)]

detach /diˈtætʃ/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  unfasten or disengage and remove 拆卸；使分开，分离  detached the buttons  解开纽扣 detached himself from the group  离开大伙 2 Mil.  send (a ship, regiment, officer, messenger, etc.) on a separate mission 【军】分遣；派遣(船只、团、官员、使者等) 3 (as 作 detached adj.)  a  impartial; unemotional 不偏不倚(的；) 不带感情(的；) 公正(的)  a detached viewpoint  公正的观点b esp. Brit. (esp. of a house) not joined to another or others; separate [尤英] (尤指房屋)不相连的；隔开的 □ detachable  adj.  □ detachedly  /diˈtætʃidli/ adv.   [French détacher (as DE-, ATTACH)]

detached retina n.  a retina that has become detached from the underlying tissue, causing partial or total blindness 视网膜脱离(落)

detachment /diˈtætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a state of aloofness from or indifference to other people, one's surroundings, public opinion, etc. (对他人、自己四周、舆论等)超然b  disinterested independence of judgement 公正；不偏不倚 2  a  the act or process of detaching or being detached 拆开，分离；超脱；保持公正b  an instance of this 分开；公正；不偏不倚 3 Mil.  a separate group or unit of an army etc. used for a specific purpose 【军】(尤指部队中有特殊使命的)小分队；分遣队 [French détachement (as DETACH)]

detail /ˈdi:teil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small or subordinate particular; an item 小事；细节b  such a particular, considered (ironically) to be unimportant 琐事；枝节(带讽刺意味)  the truth of the statement is just a detail  陈述的事实只是枝节末事 2  a  small items or particulars (esp. in an artistic work) regarded collectively (尤指艺术作品中的)细部，局部  has an eye for detail  明察秋毫b  the treatment of them 细节处理；细部活  the detail was insufficient and unconvincing  细节处理不够充分而且也不能令人信服 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a number of particulars; an aggregate of small items 众多细节；详情  filled in the details on the form  把详细情况填入表中 4  a  a minor decoration on a building, in a picture, etc. (建筑物上、画中的)细小装饰b  a small part of a picture etc. shown alone (绘画等的)局部，细部 5 Mil. 【军】  a  the distribution of orders for the day 分派；委派b  a small detachment of soldiers etc. for special duty 选派的士兵(小组、小分队等) ●v. tr.  1  give particulars of 详述  detailed the plans  详述了方案 2  relate circumstantially 详细说明  detailed the anecdote  细说趣闻轶事 3 Mil.  assign for special duty 【军】分遣；派遣 4 (as 作 detailed adj.)  a (of a picture, story, etc.) having many details (绘画、故事等)详尽的b  itemized 详细列举的  a detailed list  明细表 □ go into detail   give all the items or particulars 详细叙述，逐一说明□ in detail   item by item, minutely 一部分一部分地；详尽地 [French détail, détailler (as DE-, tailler ‘cut’, formed as TAIL2)]

detain /diˈtein/ v. tr.  1  keep in confinement or under restraint 拘留，扣押 2  keep waiting; delay 耽搁，延期 □ detainment  n.   [Middle English from Old French detenir, ultimately from Latin detinēre detent- (as DE-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

detainee /diteiˈni:, di:-/ n.  a person detained in custody, esp. for political reasons (尤指因政治原因)被拘留者；被扣押者

detainer /diˈteinə/ n. Law 【法律】  1  the wrongful detaining of goods taken from the owner for distraint etc. (对扣押财物等的)非法扣留 2  the detention of a person in prison etc. 拘留(在监狱等) [Anglo-French detener from Old French detenir (as DETAIN)]

detect /diˈtekt/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  reveal the guilt of; discover 揭露…的罪行；查明  detected him in his crime  查出他有罪b  discover (a crime) 侦查出(罪行) 2  discover or perceive the existence or presence of 觉察；发觉；发现  detected a smell of burning  闻到烧煳味 do I detect a note of sarcasm?  我觉察到一点讥讽的口气了吗？ 3 Physics  use an instrument to observe (a signal, radiation, etc.) 【物理学】(利用仪器)检测(信号、辐射等) □ detectable  adj.  □ detectably  adv.   [Latin detegere detect- (as DE-, tegere ‘cover’)]

detection /diˈtekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of detecting; the process or an instance of being detected 察觉，侦查 , 2  the work of a detective 侦探工作 3 Physics  the extraction of a desired signal; a demodulation 【物理学】检波；解调 [Late Latin detectio (as DETECT)]

detective /diˈtektiv/ n. & adj. ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a person, esp. a member of a police force, employed to investigate crimes (尤指雇用警察的)侦探 ●adj.  serving to detect (用于)侦探的 [DETECT]

detector /diˈtektə/ n.  1  a person or thing that detects 发现者，发觉者；探测器，检验器 2 Physics  a device for the detection or demodulation of signals 【物理学】检波器；整流器

detent /diˈtent/ n.  1  a catch by the release of which machinery is allowed to move (机械中的)棘爪掣；止动器 2 (in a clock etc.) a catch that regulates striking (钟表等机件中的)擒纵装置 [French détente from Old French destente, from destendre ‘slacken’ (as DE-, Latin tendere)]

detention /diˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  detaining or being detained 滞留；拘留 2  a  being kept in school after hours as a punishment (处罚学生的)课后留校b  an instance of this 课后留校处罚 3  custody; confinement 监禁；拘留；禁闭 [French détention or Late Latin detentio (as DETAIN)]

detention centre n. Brit.  an institution for the brief detention of young offenders [英] (青少年罪犯的)感化中心；拘留中心

deter /diˈtɜ:/ v. tr. (deterred, deterring)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  discourage or prevent (a person) through fear or dislike of the consequences 威慑住；吓住(某人) 2  discourage, check, or prevent (a thing, process, etc.) 制止；阻止；防止(某事、某过程等) [Latin deterrēre (as DE-, terrēre ‘frighten’)]

detergent /diˈtɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a water-soluble cleansing agent which combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble, and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water 洗涤剂；清洁剂 2  any additive with a similar action, e.g. holding dirt in suspension in lubricating oil 去污剂 ●adj.  cleansing, esp. in the manner of a detergent (尤指通过使用洗涤剂)使洁净的；净化的 [Latin detergēre (as DE-, tergēre ters- ‘wipe’)]

deteriorate /diˈtiəriəreit/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become bad or worse (使)恶化； (使)变坏； (使)变质  food deteriorates in hot weather  食物在热天易变质 his condition deteriorated after the operation  手术后他的情况恶化了 □ deterioration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deteriorative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin deteriorare deteriorat- from Latin deterior ‘worse’]

determinant /diˈtɜ:minənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving to determine or define 决定性的；限定性的 ●n.  1  a determining factor, element, word, etc. 决定因素；决定物(限定词等) 2 Math.  a quantity obtained by the addition of products of the elements of a square matrix according to a given rule 【数】行列式，方阵 [Latin determinare (as DETERMINE)]

determinate /diˈtɜ:minət/ adj.  1  limited in time, space, or character (时间、空间、人物)限定的 2  of definite scope or nature 确定的；明确的 □ determinacy  n.  □ determinately  adv.  □ determinateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin determinatus, past part. of determinare DETERMINE]

determination /diˌtɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  firmness of purpose; resoluteness 决心；果断 2  the process of deciding, determining, or calculating 决定；确定；结论 3  a  the conclusion of a dispute by the decision of an arbitrator (仲裁者对争议做出的)裁决b  the decision reached 裁定 4 Law  the cessation of an estate or interest 【法律】(不动产或利益的)终止 5 Law  a judicial decision or sentence 【法律】司法裁决；宣判，判决 6 archaic  a tendency to move in a fixed direction [古义] (固定的)移动方向；倾向 [Middle English via Old French from Latin determinatio -onis (as DETERMINE)]

determinative /diˈtɜ:minətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving to define, qualify, or direct 决定的，限定的，确定的 ●n.  a determinative thing or circumstance 决定性事情(或情况) □ determinatively  adv.   [French déterminatif -ive (as DETERMINE)]

determine /diˈtɜ:min/ v.  1 tr.  find out or establish precisely 确定；查明；测定  have to determine the extent of the problem  必须确定问题的范畴 2 tr.  decide or settle 使下决心；使决定  determined who should go  决定谁要去 3 tr.  be a decisive factor in regard to 是…的决定因素  demand determines supply  需求决定供应 4 intr. & tr.  make or cause (a person) to make a decision 决定；使(某人)做出决定  we determined to go at once  我们决定马上动身 what determined you to do it?  促使你做此的原因是什么？ 5 tr. & intr. esp. Law  bring or come to an end (尤)【法律】结束；终止 6 tr. Geom.  fix or define the position of 【几】求出 □ be determined   be resolved 决心，决意  was determined not to give up  决定不予放弃□ determinable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French determiner from Latin determinare (as DE-, terminus ‘end’)]

determined /diˈtɜ:mind/ adj.  showing determination; resolute, unflinching 已下决心的；坚决的；不畏缩的 □ determinedly  adv.  □ determinedness  n.  

determiner /diˈtɜ:minə/ n.  1  a person or thing that determines 决定者；起决定作用的人(或事) 2 Gram.  any of a class of words (e.g. a, the, every) that determine the kind of reference a noun or noun group has 【语法】限定词；限定成分(如 a 、 the 和 every)

determinism /diˈtɜ:miniz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that all events, including human action, are determined by causes regarded as external to the will 【哲】决定论(包括人类行动在内的一切事件均由意愿之外的原因所决定) □ determinist  n.  □ deterministic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ deterministically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

deterrent /diˈter(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that deters 威慑的；遏制的；制止的 ●n.  a deterrent thing or factor, esp. a nuclear weapon regarded as deterring an enemy from attack 威慑物；威慑力量；威慑因数(尤指视为对付敌方打击威慑因素的核武器) □ deterrence  n.  

detest /diˈtest/ v. tr.  hate, loathe 憎恨；厌恶，嫌恶 □ detester  n.   [Latin detestari (as DE-, testari ‘call to witness’ from testis ‘witness’)]

detestable /diˈtestəb(ə)l/ adj.  intensely disliked; very unpleasant; hateful 厌恶的，嫌恶的；可憎的 □ detestably  adv.  

detestation /di:teˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  intense dislike, hatred 嫌恶；憎恶 2  a detested person or thing 令人厌恶的人(或事) [Middle English via Old French from Latin detestatio -onis (as DETEST)]

dethrone /di:ˈθrəʊn, di-/ v. tr.  1  remove from the throne, depose 废黜，废立 2  remove from a position of authority or influence 罢免 □ dethronement  n.  

detonate /ˈdetəneit/ v.  1 tr.  set off (an explosive charge) 引爆；起爆爆炸装置 2 intr. (of an explosive charge) be set off, explode, esp. loudly (尤指炸药发出巨响地)爆炸 □ detonative  adj.   [Latin detonare detonat- (as DE-, tonare ‘thunder’)]

detonation /detəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of detonating 爆炸；引爆b  a loud explosion 爆炸的巨响 2  the premature combustion of fuel in an internal-combustion engine, causing it to pink (燃料在内燃机燃烧室内的预燃引发)爆燃；爆鸣 [French détonation from détoner (as DETONATE)]

detonator /ˈdetəneitə/ n.  1  a device or a small sensitive charge used to detonate an explosive 雷管；起爆筒；起爆剂 2  a warning signal on a railway line which is set off when a train passes over it (铁路线路的)响墩(用作警告信号)

detour /ˈdi:tʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a divergence from a direct or intended route; a roundabout course 迂回的路，绕行的路；兜圈子；离题 2 US [美]  = DIVERSION 4  ●v. intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a detour (使)绕道而行； (使)离题 [French détour ‘change of direction’ from détourner ‘turn away’ (as DE-, TURN)]

detox n. & v. esp. US colloq. [尤美口] ●n. /ˈdi:tɒks/  = DETOXIFICATION  ●v. /di:ˈtɒks/  1 tr.  subject (an alcoholic or drug addict) to detoxification 使戒去酒瘾(或毒瘾) 2 intr. (of a person) subject oneself to detoxification; undergo treatment to come off drugs (人)戒除酒瘾(或毒瘾)

detoxicate /di:ˈtɒksikeit/ v. tr.  = DETOXIFY  □ detoxication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [DE- + Latin toxicum ‘poison’, on the pattern of intoxicate]

detoxification /di:ˌtɒksifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of detoxifying, esp. an alcoholic or drug addict 解毒；去毒(尤指去除酒瘾或毒瘾)

detoxification centre n.  a (usu. residential) centre for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction 戒毒中心(通常需寄宿)

detoxify /di:ˈtɒksifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  remove the poison from 使戒(解)毒 [DE- + Latin toxicum ‘poison’]

detract /diˈtrækt/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  a  reduce 减损；降低b  diminish, belittle 缩小；贬低；诋毁 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  take away (a part of something) 转移(部分东西；) 分散；使分心 □ detraction  n.  □ detractive  adj.  □ detractor  n.   [Latin detrahere detract- (as DE-, trahere ‘draw’)]

detrain /di:ˈtrein/ v. intr. & tr.  alight or cause to alight from a train (使)下火车；从火车上卸下 □ detrainment  n.  

detribalize /di:ˈtraib(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person) no longer a member of a tribe 使(某人)脱离部落 2  destroy the tribal habits of 使消除部落习俗 □ detribalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

detriment /ˈdetrim(ə)nt/ n.  1  harm, damage 损害；伤害 2  something causing this 造成损害(或不利)的事物 [Middle English from Old French detriment or Latin detrimentum (as DE-, terere trit- ‘rub, wear’)]

detrimental /detriˈment(ə)l/ adj.  harmful; causing loss 有害的；不利的 □ detrimentally  adv.  

detrition /diˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  wearing away by friction 磨损；磨耗 [medieval Latin detritio (as DETRIMENT)]

detritus /diˈtraitəs/ n.  1  matter produced by erosion, such as gravel, sand, silt, rock-debris, etc. 岩屑；碎石(如砂砾、砂、粉砂、岩屑等) 2  debris of any kind; rubbish, waste 瓦砾；垃圾；废物 □ detrital  /diˈtrait(ə)l/ adj.   [French détritus from Latin detritus = wearing down (as DETRIMENT)]

Detroit /dəˈtrɒit/ n.  底特律 [美国城市]

de trop /də ˈtrəʊ/ predic. adj.  not wanted, unwelcome, in the way 多余的；不需要的；不受欢迎的；妨碍的 [French, = excessive]

Dettol /ˈdetɒl, -t(ə)l/ n. propr.  a type of surgical or household disinfectant [商标]滴露；地特尔(一种外科用或家用消毒剂) [invented name]

detumescence /di:tjʊˈmes(ə)ns/ n.  subsidence from a swollen state 消肿；退肿 [Latin detumescere (as DE-, tumescere ‘swell’)]

detune /di:ˈtju:n/ v. tr.  adjust (a mechanism, musical instrument, etc.) so that it is no longer tuned (对机械装置、乐器等)去谐，解调

deuce1 /dju:s/ n.  1  the two on dice or playing cards 骰子两点的一面；两点的纸牌 2 Tennis  the score of 40 all, at which two consecutive points are needed to win 【网球】局末平分(连赢两分后方算胜) [Old French deus from Latin duo (accusative duos) ‘two’]

deuce2 /dju:s/ n. colloq.  misfortune, the Devil, used esp. as an exclamation of surprise or annoyance [口]倒霉；晦气(尤用来表示吃惊、恼怒)  who the deuce are you?  你究竟是谁？ □ a (or the) deuce of a   a very bad or remarkable 非常糟糕的…，极麻烦的…；异常的…  a deuce of a problem  极麻烦的问题 a deuce of a fellow  极糟糕的人□ the deuce to pay   trouble to be expected 极大麻烦；倒霉；糟糕 [Low German duus, formed as DEUCE1, two aces at dice being the worst throw]

deuced /ˈdju:sid, dju:st/ adj. & adv. archaic  damned, confounded [古义]该咒骂的；该死的  a deuced liar  该死的骗子 □ deucedly  /ˈdju:sidli/ adv.  非常

deus ex machina /ˌdeiʊs eks ˈmækinə, ˌdi:əs eks məˈʃi:nə/ n.  an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, esp. in a play or novel (尤指小说、剧本里扭转局面的)解围的人(或事件) [modern Latin translation of Greek theos ek mēkhanēs, = god from the machinery (by which in the Greek theatre the gods were suspended above the stage)]

Deut. abbr.  Deuteronomy (Old Testament) [缩略] 《申命记》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

deuteragonist /dju:təˈræɡənist/ n.  the person second in importance to the protagonist in a drama 第二演员，演二流角色的演员 [Greek deuteragōnistēs (as DEUTERO-, agōnistēs ‘actor’)]

deuterate /ˈdju:təreit/ v. tr.  replace the usual isotope of hydrogen in (a substance) by deuterium 使(某物)氘化 □ deuteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deuterium /dju:ˈtiəriəm/ n. Chem.  a stable isotope of hydrogen with a mass about double that of the usual isotope 【化】氘，重氢 [modern Latin, formed as DEUTERO- + -IUM]

deutero- /ˈdju:tərəʊ/ comb. form  second [构词成分]第二；次；再 [Greek deuteros ‘second’]

deuterocanonical /ˌdju:tərəʊkəˈnɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  of or forming a secondary canon (of sacred writings) (圣典) (构成)别集的；(构成)旁经的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at APOCRYPHA. 见 APOCRYPHA 的用法说明。 

Deutero-Isaiah /ˌdju:tərəʊaiˈzaiə/ n.  the supposed later author of Isaiah 40 － 55 《第二以赛亚书》；《圣经·以赛亚书》的第 40 至 55 章

deuteron /ˈdju:tərɒn/ n. Physics  the nucleus of a deuterium atom, consisting of a proton and a neutron 【物理学】氘核，重氢核 [DEUTERIUM + -ON]

Deutschmark /ˈdɔitʃmɑ:k/ n. (also 亦作 Deutsche Mark /ˈdɔitʃə mɑ:k/)  the chief monetary unit of Germany 马克(德国货币单位，现统一为欧元) [German, = German mark (see MARK2)]

deutzia /ˈdju:tsiə, ˈdɔit-/ n.  any ornamental shrub of the genus Deutzia, with usu. white flowers 溲疏属植物(通常开白花的观赏用灌木) [named after J. Deutz, 18th-c. Dutch patron of botany]

devalue /di:ˈvælju:/ v. tr. (devalues, devalued, devaluing)  1  reduce the value of 降低…的价值；贬值 2 Econ.  reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or to gold (opp. 反义 REVALUE) 【经】(货币)贬值 □ devaluation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Devanagari /deivəˈnɑ:ɡ(ə)ri, dev-/ n.  the alphabet used for Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian languages 天城文书(用于梵文、印地文和其他印度语言) [Sanskrit, = divine town script]

devastate /ˈdevəsteit/ v. tr.  1  lay waste; cause great destruction to 使荒芜；毁坏；蹂躏 2 (often in passive 常用被动)  overwhelm with shock or grief; upset deeply 压倒；使垮掉；使混乱 □ devastation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ devastator  n.   [Latin devastare devastat- (as DE-, vastare ‘lay waste’)]

devastating /ˈdevəsteitiŋ/ adj.  crushingly effective; overwhelming 破坏性极大的；毁灭性的；压倒一切的 □ devastatingly  adv.  

devein /di:ˈvein/ v. tr.  remove the main central vein from (a shrimp or prawn) 去掉(虾或对虾的)肠线

develop /diˈveləp/ v. (developed, developing)  1 tr. & intr.  a  make or become bigger or fuller or more elaborate or systematic 培育；发展；研制  the new town developed rapidly  这座新城发展迅速b  bring or come to an active or visible state or to maturity 使成长；呈现出；使发育  developed a plan of action  形成一个行动计划c  bring or come into existence (逐渐)产生  an argument developed  产生争论 2 tr.  begin to exhibit or suffer from (逐渐)产生；患(病)  developed a rattle  出现一片喋喋不休的杂乱声 3 tr.  a  construct new buildings on (land) 在(土地)上进行建设b  convert (land) to a new purpose so as to use its resources more fully 开发(土地、资源) 4 tr.  treat (photographic film etc.) to make the latent image visible 使(胶卷等)显影；显(影) 5 tr. Mus.  elaborate (a theme) by modification of the melody, harmony, rhythm, etc. 【音】(更改旋律、和音、韵律等)展开(主题) 6 tr. Chess  bring (a piece) into position for effective use 【棋类】出(子) □ developer  n.   [French développer from Romanic (as DIS-, origin of second element unknown)]

developable /diˈveləpəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be developed 可发展的；可开发的；可显影的

developable surface n.  a surface that can be flattened into a plane without overlap or separation, e.g. a cylinder 可展曲面(如圆柱体)

developing country n.  a poor or undeveloped country that is becoming more advanced economically and socially 发展中国家

development /diˈveləpm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of developing; the process of being developed 开发；发展 2  a  a stage of growth or advancement 生长(发育)期b  a thing that has developed, esp. an event or circumstance (尤指事态)新情况；新消息  the latest developments  事态的最新发展 3  a full-grown state 成长阶段 4  the process of developing a photograph (照片的)洗印 5  a developed area of land 开发区 6  industrialization or economic advancement of a country or an area 国家(或地区)的工业化(或经济发展) 7 Mus.  the elaboration of a theme or themes, esp. in the middle section of a sonata movement 【音】(尤指奏鸣曲乐章中间部分)对主题的展开 8 Chess  the developing of pieces from their original position 【棋类】出子

developmental /diˌveləpˈment(ə)l/ adj.  1  incidental to growth 发展中的；生长的；发育的  developmental diseases  发育病 2  evolutionary 进化的 □ developmentally  adv.  

development area n. Brit.  one where new industries are encouraged in order to counteract unemployment [英] (政府为对付失业、鼓励工业投资的)开发区

deviant /ˈdi:viənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that deviates from the normal, esp. in social or sexual behaviour (尤指在社会或性行为方面)偏常的；不正常的；异常的 ●n.  a deviant person or thing 不正常的人(或事) □ deviance  n.  □ deviancy  n.   [Middle English (as DEVIATE)]

deviate v., n. & adj. ●v. intr. /ˈdi:vieit/ (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  turn aside or diverge (from a course of action, rule, truth, etc.); digress 背离；偏离；离题(行动路线、规则、真理等) ●n. /ˈdi:viət/  a deviant, esp. a sexual pervert 偏常者；不正常者(尤指性变态者) ●adj. /ˈdi:viət/  = DEVIANTadj.  □ deviator  n.  □ deviatory  /-viət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin deviare deviat- (as DE-, via ‘way’)]

deviation /di:viˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  deviating, digressing 背离；偏离；离题b  an instance of this 偏离 2 Polit.  a departure from accepted party doctrine 【政】背离(政党的路线方针) 3 Statistics  the amount by which a single measurement differs from the mean 【统计学】离差 4 Naut.  the deflection of a ship's compass needle caused by iron in the ship etc. 【海】(船只上因铁而造成的)磁罗盘偏差 □ deviational  adj.  □ deviationism  n.  □ deviationist  n.   [French déviation from medieval Latin deviatio -onis (as DEVIATE)]

device /diˈvais/ n.  1  a  a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, esp. a mechanical contrivance (尤指机械构造的)装置；器械；器具；机件b  an explosive contrivance; a bomb 爆炸物；炸弹 2  a plan, scheme, or trick 计划；策略，手段 3  a  an emblematic or heraldic design 商标(或纹章)图案b  a drawing or design 图样；图案；设计 4 archaic  make, look [古义]构造；样式  things of rare device  样式罕见的东西 □ leave a person to his or her own devices   leave a person to do as he or she wishes 听任…自便；让…按个人意愿行事 [Middle English from Old French devis, ultimately from Latin (as DIVIDE)]

devil /ˈdev(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. 通常作 the Devil) (in Christian and Jewish belief) the supreme spirit of evil; Satan (基督教和犹太教中的)魔鬼；撒旦 2  a  an evil spirit; a demon; a superhuman malignant being 邪恶的精灵；恶魔；魔王b  a personified evil force or attribute 人格化了的邪恶力量(或特性) 3  a  a wicked or cruel person 恶棍；邪恶(或残酷狠毒)的人b  a mischievously energetic, clever, or self-willed person 好恶作剧能干而精力旺盛的人；聪明任性的人 4 colloq.  a person, a fellow [口]人；家伙  lucky devil  幸运儿 5  fighting spirit, mischievousness 斗志；淘气  the devil is in him tonight  他今天晚上着魔似地精力旺盛 6 colloq.  something difficult or awkward [口]困难(或尴尬)的事  this door is a devil to open  这扇门打开真费劲 7 (the devil or the Devil) colloq.  used as an exclamation of surprise or annoyance [口]究竟，到底(用作惊奇或恼怒的感叹)  who the devil are you?  你到底是谁？ 8 Brit.  a literary hack exploited by an employer [英]雇用文人 9  a junior legal counsel 律师助手 10  = TASMANIAN DEVIL  11  an instrument or machine, esp. one fitted with sharp teeth or spikes, used for tearing or other destructive work 粉碎机；切碎机(尤指装有尖齿状物或长钉，用于撕裂或其他破坏性工作的器械或机器) 12 S. Afr. [南非]  = DUST DEVIL  ●v. (devilled, devilling; US [美] deviled, deviling)  1 tr.  cook (food) with hot seasoning 拌辣味料烹调(食物) 2 intr. Brit.  act as a devil for an author or barrister [英]为作家捉刀；给律师当助手 3 tr. US  harass, worry [美]困扰；烦恼 □ between the devil and the deep blue sea   in a dilemma 进退两难□ devil-may-care   cheerful and reckless 无所顾虑；不在意□ a devil of  colloq.  a considerable, difficult, or remarkable [口]相当的；麻烦的；非常的□ devil a one   not even one 连一个也没有□ devil's own  colloq.  very difficult or unusual [口]十分困难的，不寻常的  the devil's own job  非常艰难的工作□ devil take the hindmost   a motto of selfish competition 让逃得最慢的人被魔鬼抓去吧；落后者遭殃(你死我活竞争的箴言)□ the devil to pay   trouble to be expected 倒霉；预期的麻烦□ go to the devil   1  be damned 滚开！见你的鬼去！  2 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  depart at once 立即走开□ like the devil   with great energy 精力充沛地□ play the devil with   cause severe damage to 搞坏；搅乱□ speak (or talk) of the devil   said when a person appears just after being mentioned 说曹操，曹操到□ the very devil  (作 predic.) colloq.  a great difficulty or nuisance [口]极大的困难，极为讨厌 [Old English dēofol via Late Latin diabolus from Greek diabolos ‘accuser, slanderer’, from dia ‘across’ + ballō ‘to throw’]

devilfish /ˈdev(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  = DEVIL RAY  2  any of various fish, esp. the stonefish 大头鱼(尤指石鱼) 3 hist.  an octopus [史义]章鱼

devilish /ˈdev(ə)liʃ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or like a devil; evil (似)恶魔的；穷凶极恶的；邪恶的 2  mischievous 恶作剧的，淘气的 ●adv. colloq.  very, extremely [口]非常，极 □ devilishly  adv.  □ devilishness  n.  

devilment /ˈdev(ə)lm(ə)nt/ n.  mischief, wild spirits 恶作剧；魔鬼似的行径；恶行

devil ray n.  any cartilaginous fish of the family Mobulidae, esp. the manta 软骨类鲾鲼科鱼(尤指双吻前口鲾鲼)

devilry /ˈdev(ə)lri/ n. (also 亦作 deviltry) (pl. -ies)  1  a  wickedness; reckless mischief 邪恶，残暴；恶作剧b  an instance of this 魔鬼似的行径 2  a  black magic 巫术，妖术b  the Devil and his works 魔鬼；魔鬼学 [Old French diablerie: -try suggested by harlotry etc.]

devil's advocate n.  1  a person who argues against a proposition, to test it or provoke discussion 为争辩而故意持不同意见的人；有意唱反调的人 2 RC Ch. hist.  a person appointed to challenge a proposed beatification, canonization, etc. 【天主教】[史义]列圣审查员(负责审查人在死后的赐福、圣者等的官员)

devil's bit n.  any of various plants whose roots look bitten off, esp. a kind of scabious (Succisa pratensis) 山萝卜属植物(尤指飞蓬)

devil's coach-horse n. Brit.  a large rove beetle, Staphylinus olens [英]排臭隐翅虫

devil's darning needle n.  a dragonfly or damselfly 蜻蜓；豆娘

devil's dozen n.  thirteen 13; 13 个

devils-on-horseback n. pl. Brit.  a savoury of prunes or plums wrapped in slices of bacon [英]熏肉包梅干(或李脯)的开胃菜肴

devious /ˈdi:viəs/ adj.  1 (of a person etc.) not straightforward, underhand (人等)不坦率的；不光明正大的；阴险的 2  winding, circuitous 蜿蜒的；迂回的 3  erring, straying 犯错误的；走入歧途的；漂泊游荡的 □ deviously  adv.  □ deviousness  n.   [Latin devius from DE- + via ‘way’]

devise /diˈvaiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  plan or invent by careful thought 设计；策划；想出；发明 2 Law  leave (real estate) by the terms of a will (cf. 参见 BEQUEATH) 【法律】遗赠(不动产) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of devising (不动产的)遗赠 2 Law  a devising clause in a will 【法律】(遗嘱中的)遗赠条款 □ devisable  adj.  □ devisee  /-ˈzi:/ n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)  □ deviser  n.  □ devisor  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French deviser, ultimately from Latin dividere divis- DIVIDE: the noun via Old French devise from medieval Latin divisa, fem. past part. of dividere]

devitalize /di:ˈvait(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  take away strength and vigour from 使失去生命力；使伤元气；使衰弱 □ devitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

devitrify /di:ˈvitrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  deprive of vitreous qualities; make (glass or vitreous rock) opaque and crystalline 除去玻璃光泽；使(玻璃、玻璃岩)不透明(反玻璃化) □ devitrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

devoid /diˈvɔid/ predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  quite lacking or free from 毫无的；缺乏的；没有的  a book devoid of all interest  索然无味的书 [Middle English, past part. of obsolete devoid from Old French devoidier (as DE-, VOID)]

devoir /dəˈvwɑ:/ n. archaic [古义]  1  duty, one's best 本分；责任；职责  do one's devoir  尽本分 2 (in pl. 用复数)  courteous or formal attentions; respects 敬意；问候  pay one's devoirs to  向…致敬 [Middle English from Anglo-French dever = Old French deveir, from Latin debēre ‘owe’]

devolute /ˈdi:vəlu:t, ˈdev-/ v. tr.  transfer by devolution 移交；转移 [as DEVOLVE]

devolution /di:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, dev-/ n.  1  the delegation of power, esp. by central government to local or regional administration (中央政府对地方政府的)权力下放，分权 2  a  descent or passing on through a series of stages 依次传下；相传b  descent by natural or due succession from one to another of property or qualities (产权)转让；继承 3  the lapse of an unexercised right to an ultimate owner (未行使的权利)移交 4 Biol.  degeneration 【生】退行进化，退化 □ devolutionary  adj.  □ devolutionist  n.   [Late Latin devolutio (as DEVOLVE)]

devolve /diˈvɒlv/ v.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, etc.)  a tr.  pass (work or duties) to (a deputy etc.) 转移，移交(工作、职责)给(代理人等)b intr. (of work or duties) pass to (a deputy etc.) (工作、职责)转移；移交 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, to, upon) Law (of property etc.) descend or fall by succession to 【法律】(不动产等)转让；被继承 □ devolvement  n.   [Middle English from Latin devolvere devolut- (as DE-, volvere ‘roll’)]

Devon /ˈdevən/ n.  德文岛 [英国]

Devonian /deˈvəʊniən, di-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Devon in SW England (英格兰西南部)德文郡的 2 Geol.  of or relating to the fourth period of the Palaeozoic era with evidence of the first amphibians and tree forests 【地质】泥盆纪(的；) 泥盆系(的) ●n.  1  this period or system 泥盆纪时期(或系) 2  a native of Devon 德文郡人 [medieval Latin Devonia ‘Devonshire’]

devote /diˈvəʊt/ v. tr. & refl.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  apply or give over (resources etc. or oneself) to (a particular activity or purpose or person) 将(资源等或自己)献给(某特殊活动、目的或某人；) 奉献…给；专用于…；献身于…；致力于…  devoted their time to reading  他们把时间专用于阅读 devoted himself to his guests  他致力于为客人服务 2 archaic  doom to destruction [古义]该死；该诅咒 □ devotement  n.   [Latin devovēre devot- (as DE-, vovēre ‘vow’)]

devoted /diˈvəʊtid/ adj.  very loving or loyal 挚爱的；恩爱的；忠实的  a devoted husband  挚爱的丈夫 □ devotedly  adv.  □ devotedness  n.  

devotee /devəʊˈti:/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a zealous enthusiast or supporter 热心之士；献身者；爱好者 2  a zealously pious or fanatical person 虔诚(或狂热)的宗教信徒

devotion /diˈvəʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  enthusiastic attachment or loyalty (to a person or cause); great love (对事业)奉献；(对人)热爱；挚爱 2  a  religious worship 虔诚b (in pl. 用复数)  prayers 祈祷c  devoutness, religious fervour 宗教热情 □ devotional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French devotion or Latin devotio (as DEVOTE)]

devour /diˈvaʊə/ v. tr.  1  eat hungrily or greedily 吞食，狼吞虎咽地吃 2 (of fire etc.) engulf, destroy (火等)吞没；毁灭 3  take in greedily with the eyes or ears 贪婪(或热切)地读(看、瞧、听)  devoured book after book  他贪婪地一本接一本地阅读 4  absorb the attention of 使专注；使沉迷  devoured by anxiety  忧愁极了 □ devourer  n.  □ devouringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French devorer from Latin devorare (as DE-, vorare ‘swallow’)]

devout /diˈvaʊt/ adj.  1  earnestly religious 虔诚的 2  earnestly sincere 真诚的；诚挚的；诚恳的  devout hope  真诚的希望 □ devoutly  adv.  □ devoutness  n.   [Middle English via Old French devot from Latin devotus, past part. of devovēre DEVOTE]

DEW abbr. [缩略]  distant early warning 

dew /ˈdju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  atmospheric vapour condensing in small drops on cool surfaces at night 露，露水 2  beaded or glistening moisture resembling this, e.g. tears 露珠，小水珠(如泪珠) 3  freshness, refreshing quality 朝气，清新 ●v. tr.  wet with or as with dew (似用露水)沾湿，弄湿 [Old English dēaw, from Germanic]

dewan /diˈwɑ:n/ n.  the prime minister or finance minister of an Indian state 迪万(印度总理或邦财政部长) [Arabic & Persian diwɑˉn ‘fiscal register’]

dewar /ˈdju:ə/ n.  a double-walled flask of steel or silvered glass with a vacuum between the walls to reduce the transfer of heat 杜瓦瓶(一种双壁、真空、钢或镀银玻璃的细颈瓶) [named after Sir James Dewar, British physicist d. 1923]

dewater /di:ˈwɔ:tə/ v. tr.  remove water from 使脱水

dewberry /ˈdju:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a bluish fruit like the blackberry (蓝色似黑莓的)露莓 2  the shrub, Rubus caesius, bearing this (悬钩子属)欧洲露莓

dewclaw /ˈdju:klɔ:/ n.  1  a rudimentary inner toe found on some dogs (一些犬未退化的)残留趾 2  a false hoof on a deer etc. (鹿等的)假蹄；悬蹄

dewdrop /ˈdju:drɒp/ n.  1  a drop of dew 露珠 2  something resembling this 露珠状物

Dewey decimal classification /ˈdju:i/ n. (also 亦作 Dewey system colloq. [口])  a decimal system of library classification (图书馆藏书的)杜威十进分类法 [named after M. Dewey, American librarian d. 1931, its deviser]

dewfall /ˈdju:fɔ:l/ n.  1  the time when dew begins to form 降露之时 2  evening 黄昏

dewlap /ˈdju:læp/ n.  1  a loose fold of skin hanging from the throat of cattle, dogs, etc. (牛、狗等动物颈部下面的)垂皮 2  similar loose skin round the throat of an elderly person (老人喉部鼓出的)垂肉 [Middle English from DEW + LAP1, perhaps suggested by an Old Norse word]

deworm /di:ˈwɜ:m/ v. tr.  rid (a dog, cat, etc.) of worms 除去(狗、猫等身上的)虫

dew point n.  the temperature at which dew forms 露点(形成露水的温度)

dew-pond n. Brit.  a shallow usu. artificial pond once supposed to have been fed by atmospheric condensation [英]露池(通常指人工开凿的浅池)

dewy /ˈdju:i/ adj. (dewier, dewiest)  1  a  wet with dew 带露水的b  moist as if with dew (似)露湿的 2  of or like dew (似)露的 □ dewily  adv.  □ dewiness  n.   [Old English dēawig (as DEW, -Y1)]

dewy-eyed adj.  innocently trusting; naively sentimental 天真无邪的，轻信的；易动感情的

Dexedrine /ˈdeksədri:n, -drin/ n. Pharm. propr.  the more active dextrorotatory isomer of amphetamine 【药】[商标]德克塞根；右旋苯异丙胺；右旋安非他明 [DEXTRO- + BENZEDRINE]

dexter1 /ˈdekstə/ adj. esp. Heraldry  on or of the right-hand side (the observer's left) of a shield etc. (尤)【纹章学】(纹章盾等)右侧的；右边的；在右边的(观察者的左边) [Latin, = on the right]

dexter2 /ˈdekstə/ n.  1  an animal of a small hardy breed of Irish cattle 德克斯特牛(原产爱尔兰的一种体型小但耐劳的牛) 2  this breed 德克斯特种牛 [19th c.: perhaps from the name of a breeder]

dexterity /dekˈsteriti/ n.  1  skill in handling 灵巧；熟练；敏捷 2  manual or mental adroitness 聪敏；机敏 3  right-handedness, using the right hand 惯用右手 [French dextérité from Latin dexteritas (as DEXTER1)]

dexterous /ˈdekst(ə)rəs/ adj. (also 亦作 dextrous)  having or showing dexterity 灵巧的；熟练的；敏捷的 □ dexterously  adv.  □ dexterousness  n.   [Latin DEXTER1 + -OUS]

dextral /ˈdekstr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person) right-handed (人)惯用右手的 2  of or on the right (在)右侧的； (在)右边的 3 Zool. (of a spiral shell) with whorls rising to the right and coiling in an anticlockwise direction 【动】(螺旋形贝壳)右旋的 4 Zool. (of a flatfish) with the right side uppermost 【动】(比目鱼)右侧向上的 ●n.  a right-handed person 惯用右手的人 □ dextrality  /-ˈstræliti/ n.  □ dextrally  adv.   [medieval Latin dextralis from Latin dextra ‘right hand’]

dextran /ˈdekstræn/ n. Chem. & Pharm.  1  a polymer of glucose formed by the action of certain bacteria on sucrose etc. 【化】【药】右旋糖酐；葡聚糖(细菌在蔗糖等上的活动所致) 2  a degraded form of this used as a substitute for blood plasma 血浆代用品 [German (as DEXTRO- + -an chemical suffix)]

dextrin /ˈdekstrin/ n. Chem.  a soluble gummy substance obtained by boiling starch and used as an adhesive 【化】糊精(一种通过加热淀粉而得到的黏性乳化剂) [French dextrine from Latin dextra: see 见 DEXTRO-, -IN]

dextro- /ˈdekstrəʊ/ comb. form  on or to the right (dextrorotatory 右旋的 ; dextrose 葡萄糖) [构词成分]右边的；向右的 [Latin dexter, dextra ‘on or to the right’]

dextrorotatory /dekstrəʊˈrəʊtət(ə)ri/ adj. Chem.  having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the right (cf. 参见 LAEVOROTATORY) 【化】(使光的偏振面)右旋的 □ dextrorotation  n.  

dextrorse /ˈdekstrɔ:s/ adj.  rising towards the right, esp. of a spiral stem 右旋的；(尤指攀援植物茎)向右缠绕的 [Latin dextrorsus (as DEXTRO-)]

dextrose /ˈdekstrəʊz, -s/ n. Chem.  the dextrorotatory form of glucose 【化】右旋糖；葡萄糖 [formed as DEXTRO- + -OSE2]

dextrous var.  of DEXTEROUS  DEXTEROUS 的变体

DF abbr. [缩略]  1  Defender of the Faith 保教功臣 2  direction-finder  [in sense 1 from Latin Defensor Fidei]

DFC abbr. Brit.  Distinguished Flying Cross [缩略] [英]空战有功十字勋章

DFE abbr. (in the UK) Department for Education (replacing the DES from 1992) [缩略] (英国)教育部(代替 1992 年前的教育和科学部)

Dfl abbr.  Dutch florins [缩略]荷兰盾，弗罗林

DFM abbr. Brit.  Distinguished Flying Medal [缩略] [英]优异飞行勋章

DG abbr. [缩略]  1  Dei gratia 蒙神之恩；托天之福 2  Deo gratias 蒙上帝保佑；托天之福 3  director-general 

Dhaka /ˈdækə/ n.  达卡 [孟加拉国首都]

dhal /dɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 dal)  1  split pulses, a common foodstuff in India 木豆，鸽豆 2  a dish made with these 木豆(鸽豆)菜 [Hindi]

dharma /ˈdɑ:mə, ˈdɜ:mə/ n.  1 esp. Hinduism (尤)【印度教】  a  the eternal law of the cosmos 德；法(宇宙法规)b  moral or social custom; right behaviour 道德(或社会)法规；行为准则 2 Buddhism  universal truth 【佛教】法，达摩；普遍真理 [Sanskrit, = decree, custom]

Dharuk /ˈdʌrʊk/ n.  an Aboriginal language of the area around Sydney, Australia, now extinct 德哈鲁克语(澳大利亚悉尼周围地区土著人的一种语言，现已消失)

dhobi /ˈdəʊbi/ n. (pl. dhobis) (in the Indian subcontinent) a washerman or washerwoman (印度次大陆的)洗衣工；洗衣妇 [Hindi dhobī from dhob ‘washing’]

dhobi itch n. (also 亦作 dhobi's itch)  a tropical skin disease; an allergic dermatitis 朵比癣；洗衣工(斑状)癣(一种热带皮肤病，过敏性皮炎)

dhole /dəʊl/ n.  the Asiatic wild dog, Cuon alpinus 豺(亚太地区产的一种凶猛野狗) [origin unknown]

dhoti /ˈdəʊti/ n. (pl. dhotis)  the loincloth worn by male Hindus (印度男人用的)缠腰布 [Hindi dhotī]

dhow /daʊ/ n.  a lateen-rigged ship used on the Arabian sea 阿拉伯三角帆船 [Arabic dɑˉwa, probably related to Marathi dɑˉw]

DHSS abbr. hist. (in the UK) Department of Health and Social Security (cf. 参见 DOH, DSS) [缩略] [史义] (英国)卫生和社会事务部

dhurra var.  of DURRA  DURRA 的变体

DI abbr. (in the UK) Defence Intelligence [缩略] (英国)国防情报局

Di /dai/   黛 [人名]

di-1 /dai, di/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  twice, two-, double 二；二倍；二重 2 Chem.  containing two atoms, molecules, or groups of a specified kind (dichromate 重铬酸盐 ; dioxide 二氧化物) 【化】二；双；联；含有两个原子(分子或两组)…的 [Greek from dis ‘twice’]

di-2 /di, dai/ prefix  form of DIS- occurring before l, m, n, r, s (foll. by a consonant), v, usu. g, and sometimes j DIS- 的变形，出现在 l 、 m 、 n 、 s (后跟辅音)、 v 、通常 g 、有时在 j 之前 [Latin variant of dis-]

di-3 /dai/ prefix  form of DIA - before a vowel 元音前 DIA- 形式

dia- /daiə/ prefix (also 亦作 di- before a vowel 用于元音前)  1  through (diaphanous 半透明的) 通过 2  apart (diacritical 可区分的) 分隔；区别 3  across (diameter 直径) 横穿；穿过 [Greek from dia ‘through’]

dia. abbr. [缩略]  diameter 

diabase /ˈdaiəbeis/ n. Geol.  dolerite, esp. (in British use) altered dolerite 【地质】粗玄岩；(尤在英国使用中为)辉绿岩 [French, as if from DI-1 + BASE1, but associated with Greek diabasis ‘transition’]

diabetes /daiəˈbi:ti:z/ n.  any disorder of the metabolism with excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of urine, esp. diabetes mellitus 多尿病(尤指糖尿病) [Latin from Greek, literally ‘syphon’, from diabainō ‘go through’]

diabetes insipidus /inˈsipidəs/ n.  a rare form of diabetes caused by a deficiency of a pituitary hormone regulating kidney function 尿崩症

diabetes mellitus /miˈlaitəs/ n.  the commonest form of diabetes, caused by a deficiency of insulin, in which sugar and starch are not properly metabolized and the blood and urine contain excessive amounts of sugars, causing a risk of convulsions and coma 糖尿病 [Latin mellitus ‘sweet’]

diabetic /daiəˈbetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to or having diabetes (有关)糖尿病的；患糖尿病的 2  for use by diabetics 专供糖尿病患者使用的 ●n.  a person suffering from diabetes 糖尿病患者

diablerie /diˈɑ:bləri/ n.  1  the Devil's work; sorcery 魔鬼行径；妖术 2  wild recklessness 鲁莽 3  the realm of devils; devil-lore 妖魔世界(或传说) [French from diable, from Latin diabolus DEVIL]

diabolic /daiəˈbɒlik/ adj.  1  of the Devil 魔鬼似的 2  devilish; inhumanly cruel or wicked 穷凶极恶的，残忍的，邪恶的 □ diabolically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French diabolique or Late Latin diabolicus from Latin diabolus (as DEVIL)]

diabolical /daiəˈbɒlik(ə)l/ adj.  1  = DIABOLIC 1  2  = DIABOLIC 2  3 colloq.  outrageous; disgracefully bad [口]穷凶极恶的；蛮横的

diabolism /daiˈæbəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  belief in or worship of the Devil 信魔；魔鬼崇拜b  sorcery 魔法；巫术 2  devilish conduct or character 恶魔般的行径；邪恶本性 □ diabolist  n.   [Greek diabolos DEVIL]

diabolize /daiˈæbəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make into or represent as a devil 使成魔鬼；把…描绘得像魔鬼一样

diabolo /diˈæbələʊ, dai-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a game in which a two-headed top is thrown up and caught with a string stretched between two sticks 空竹；扯铃 2  the top itself 空竹共鸣器 [Italian, = DEVIL: formerly called devil on two sticks]

diachronic /daiəˈkrɒnik/ adj. Linguistics  etc. concerned with the historical development of a subject (esp. a language) (opp. 反义 SYNCHRONIC) 【语言学】(尤指语言)历时的 □ diachronically  adv.  □ diachronism  /daiˈækrəniz(ə)m/ n.  □ diachronistic  /daiˌækrəˈnistik/ adj.  □ diachronous  /daiˈækrənəs/ adj.  □ diachrony  /daiˈækrəni/ n.   [French diachronique (as DIA-, CHRONIC)]

diaconal /daiˈæk(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of a deacon 执事的，助祭的 [ecclesiastical Latin diaconalis from diaconus DEACON]

diaconate /daiˈækəneit, -ət/ n.  1  a  the office of deacon 执事(或助祭)职位b  a person's time as deacon 执事(或助祭)的任期 2  a body of deacons 执事团(会) [ecclesiastical Latin diaconatus (as DIACONAL)]

diacritic /daiəˈkritik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a sign (e.g. an accent, diaeresis, cedilla) used to indicate different sounds or values of a letter (如重音、隔音符、下加符的)变音符号 ●adj.  = DIACRITICALadj.  [Greek diakritikos (as DIA-, CRITIC)]

diacritical /daiəˈkritik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  distinguishing, distinctive 区分的；可区分的 ●n. (in full 全称 diacritical mark or sign)  = DIACRITICn. 

diadelphous /daiəˈdelfəs/ adj. Bot.  with the stamens united in two bundles (cf. 参见 MONADELPHOUS, POLYADELPHOUS) 【植】(雄蕊)两体的；两体雄蕊的 [DI-1 + Greek adelphos ‘brother’]

diadem /ˈdaiədem/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a crown or headband worn as a sign of sovereignty 王冠，冕 2  a wreath of leaves or flowers worn round the head 花冠；代替王冠的头带 3  sovereignty 王权 4  a crowning distinction or glory 至高无上的荣誉；王的尊荣 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 diademed adj.)  adorn with or as with a diadem (似)加冕(的) [Middle English via Old French diademe and Latin diadema from Greek diadēma (as DIA-, deō ‘bind’)]

diaeresis /daiˈiərisis, -ˈer-/ n. (US [美] dieresis) (pl. -ses /-si:z/)  1  a mark (as in naïve) over a vowel to indicate that it is sounded separately 分音符，隔音符(置于一个元音字母上，表示元音须分别发音，如 naïve) 2 Prosody  a break where a foot ends at the end of a word 【诗体】(音步尾部和词的最后音节相符时的)小休止 [Latin from Greek, = separation]

diagenesis /daiəˈdʒenisis/ n. Geol.  the transformation occurring during the conversion of sedimentation to sedimentary rock 【地质】成岩作用

diagnose /ˈdaiəɡnəʊz, -ˈnəʊz/ v. tr.  make a diagnosis of (a disease, a mechanical fault, etc.) from its symptoms 诊断；探究(病情、机械故障等) □ diagnosable  adj.  

diagnosis /daiəɡˈnəʊsis/ n. (pl. diagnoses /-si:z/)  1  a  the identification of a disease by means of a patient's symptoms 诊断b  an instance or formal statement of this 诊断结论；诊断书 2  a  the identification of the cause of a mechanical fault etc. (机械故障等的)探查b  an instance of this 探查故障 3  a  the distinctive characterization in precise terms of a genus, species, etc. (属、种等的)特征b  an instance of this 特征简介 [modern Latin from Greek (as DIA-, gignōskō ‘recognize’)]

diagnostic /daiəɡˈnɒstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or assisting diagnosis 诊断的；有助于诊断的 ●n.  a symptom 症状 □ diagnostically  adv.  □ diagnostician  /-nɒˈstiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek diagnōstikos (as DIAGNOSIS)]

diagnostics /daiəɡˈnɒstiks/ n.  1 (treated as pl. 看作复) Computing  programs and other mechanisms used to detect and identify faults in hardware or software 【计算】诊断硬件(或软件)错误的程序和手法 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the science or study of diagnosing disease 诊断学

diagonal /daiˈæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  crossing a straight-sided figure from corner to corner 对角线的 2  slanting, oblique 斜的，斜纹的 ●n.  a straight line joining two non-adjacent corners 对角线 □ diagonally  adv.   [Latin diagonalis from Greek diagōnios (as DIA-, gōnia ‘angle’)]

diagram /ˈdaiəɡræm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a drawing showing the general scheme or outline of an object and its parts (表示事物概要、轮廓及部分的)图形，图解 2  a graphic representation of the course or results of an action or process 示意图，一览图 3 Geom.  a figure made of lines used in proving a theorem etc. 【几】(用于证明定义的)图式 ●v. tr. (diagrammed, diagramming; US [美] diagramed, diagraming)  represent by means of a diagram 用图形阐述 □ diagrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ diagrammatically  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin diagramma from Greek (as DIA-, -GRAM)]

diagrid /ˈdaiəɡrid/ n. Brit. Archit.  a supporting structure of diagonally intersecting ribs of metal etc. [英]【建】(金属等)斜肋构架 [DIAGONAL + GRID]

diakinesis /daiəkaiˈni:sis/ n. (pl. diakineses /-si:z/) Biol.  a stage during the prophase of meiosis when the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred 【生】终变期 [modern Latin from German Diakinese (as DIA-, Greek kinēsis ‘motion’)]

dial /daiəl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the face of a clock or watch, marked to show the hours etc. (钟、表显示小时等的)刻度盘 2  a similar flat plate marked with a scale for measuring weight, volume, pressure, consumption, etc., indicated by a pointer 标度盘(表示重量、容积、压力、耗损等) 3  a movable disc on a telephone, with finger-holes and numbers for making a connection (电话机的)拨号盘 4  a  a plate or disc etc. on a radio or television set for selecting wavelength or channel (收音机或电视的)选台标度盘(指示板等)b  a similar selecting device on other equipment, e.g. a washing machine (其他器械上带选择装置的)标度盘(如洗衣机) 5 Brit. slang  a person's face [英] [俚语]脸蛋 ●v. (dialled, dialling; US [美] dialed, dialing)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  select (a telephone number) by means of a dial or set of buttons (拨动电话号码盘或按钮)打拨号电话  dialled 999  拨打 999 2 tr.  measure, indicate, or regulate by means of a dial (通过刻度盘)测量；标明；规定 □ dialler  n.   [Middle English, = sundial, from medieval Latin diale ‘clock-dial’, ultimately from Latin dies ‘day’]

dialect /ˈdaiəlekt/ n.  1  a form of speech peculiar to a particular region 地方话；方言；土语 2  a subordinate variety of a language with non-standard vocabulary, pronunciation, or grammar 同源语(属同一语系，但词汇、发音、语法不同) □ dialectal  /-ˈlekt(ə)l/ adj.  □ dialectology  /-ˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  □ dialectologist  /-ˈtɒlədʒist/ n.   [French dialecte or Latin dialectus from Greek dialektos ‘discourse’, from dialegomai ‘converse’]

dialectic /daiəˈlektik/ n. & adj. Philos. 【哲】  ●n.  1 (often in pl., usu. treated as sing. 常用复数，通常看作单数)  a  the art of investigating the truth of opinions 辩证(法)b  logical disputation 逻辑论证法 2  a  enquiry into metaphysical contradictions and their solutions, esp. in the thought of Kant and Hegel 辩证法(尤指康德和黑格尔思想中对形而上学的矛盾及解决其方法的探究)b  the existence or action of opposing social forces etc. (两种相反的社会力量等的)对立 ●adj.  1  of or relating to logical disputation (有关)逻辑辩论的 2  fond of or skilled in logical disputation 喜好(或精通于)逻辑争论的 [Middle English via Old French dialectique or Latin dialectica from Greek dialektikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of debate’ (as DIALECT)]

dialectical /daiəˈlektik(ə)l/ adj.  of dialectic or dialectics 辩证的；辩证法的 □ dialectically  adv.  

dialectical materialism n.  the Marxist theory that political and historical events are due to a conflict of social forces caused by man's material needs (马克思主义)辩证唯物主义(关于政治和历史事件是由人的物质需求而导致的社会力量之间的冲突的理论)

dialectician /daiəlekˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a person skilled in dialectic 辩证论者；辩证学家 [French dialecticien from Latin dialecticus]

dialectics /daiəˈlektiks/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  = DIALECTICn. 1 

dialling code n. Brit.  a sequence of numbers dialled to connect a telephone with the exchange of the telephone being called [英] (电话与所拨电话相连的)拨号编码

dialling tone n. (N. Amer. [北美] dial tone)  a sound indicating that a caller may start to dial 拨号音

dialogic /daiəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  of or in dialogue (用)对话体的 [Late Latin dialogicus from Greek dialogikos (as DIALOGUE)]

dialogist /daiˈælədʒist/ n.  a speaker in or writer of dialogue 对话者，对话体作者 [Late Latin dialogista from Greek dialogistēs (as DIALOGUE)]

dialogue /ˈdaiəlɒɡ/ n. (US [美] dialog)  1  a  conversation 对话b  conversation in written form; this as a form of composition (写作中的)对话体；对白 2  a  a discussion, esp. one between representatives of two political groups (尤指两个政治团体代表间的)讨论，交换意见b  a conversation, a talk 会话，谈话  long dialogues between the two main characters  两个主要人物间的长时间交谈 [Middle English via Old French dialoge and Latin dialogus from Greek dialogos, from dialegomai ‘converse’]

dialogue box n. (US [美] dialog box) Computing  a small area on-screen, usu. temporarily displayed, in which the user is prompted to provide information, select commands, etc. 【计算】对话框(由操作者在计算机屏幕上通常临时显示所提供信息或指令等的一个小区域)

dial tone N. Amer. var.  of DIALLING TONE [北美] DIALLING TONE 的变体

dialyse /ˈdaiəlaiz/ v. tr. (US [美] dialyze)  separate by means of dialysis 透析；渗析

dialysis /daiˈælisis/ n. (pl. dialyses /-si:z/)  1 Chem.  the separation of particles in a liquid by differences in their ability to pass through a membrane into another liquid 【化】渗析(法) (利用透膜分离溶液中大小不同粒子的一种方法) 2 Med.  the clinical purification of blood by this technique, as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney 【医】透析(用于替代肾的正常功能) □ dialytic  /daiəˈlitik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek dialusis (as DIA-, luō ‘set free’)]

diamagnetic /daiəmæɡˈnetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to become magnetized in a direction at right angles to the applied magnetic field 抗磁性的 ●n.  a diamagnetic body or substance 抗磁体，抗磁物 □ diamagnetically  adv.  □ diamagnetism  /-ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  

diamantiferous /daiəmənˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  diamond-yielding 产钻石的 [French diamantifère from diamant DIAMOND]

diamantine /daiəˈmæntin, -i:n/ adj.  of or like diamonds 钻石的；钻石般的 [French diamantin (as DIAMANTIFEROUS)]

diamanté /diəˈmɒntei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  decorated with powdered crystal or another sparkling substance 嵌以粉晶(或其他闪光物)的 ●n.  fabric or costume jewellery so decorated 珠光宝气的织物，闪光饰品 [French, past part. of diamanter ‘set with diamonds’ from diamant DIAMOND]

diameter /daiˈæmitə/ n.  1  a  a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, esp. a circle or sphere 直径(尤指穿过圆心或球心的直线)b  the length of this line 直径长度 2  a transverse measurement; width, thickness 横向量；宽度；厚度 3  a unit of linear measurement of magnifying power 放大率(线性单位)  a lens magnifying 2,000 diameters  放大率为 2,000 倍的透镜 □ diametral  adj.   [Middle English via Old French diametre and Latin diametrus from Greek diametros (grammē) ‘(line) measuring across’, from metron ‘measure’]

diametrical /daiəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 diametric)  1  of or along a diameter (沿)直径的 2 (of opposition, difference, etc.) complete, like that between opposite ends of a diameter (对照、差异等)截然相反的 □ diametrically  adv.   [Greek diametrikos (as DIAMETER)]

diamond /ˈdaiəmənd/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a precious stone of pure carbon crystallized in octahedrons etc., the hardest naturally occurring substance (八面体等的)金刚石，钻石 2  a figure shaped like the cross-section of a diamond; a rhombus 菱形 3  a  a playing card of a suit denoted by a red rhombus (纸牌中的) (一张)红方块牌b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit 一组红方块牌 4  a glittering particle or point (of frost etc.) (霜等的)闪闪发亮的颗粒 5  a tool with a small diamond for glass-cutting (切玻璃用的)金刚石割刀 6 Baseball 【棒球】  a  the space delimited by the bases (棒球场的)内场b  the entire field 棒球场 ●adj.  1  made of or set with diamonds or a diamond 钻石(制)的；装有钻石的 2  rhombus-shaped 菱形的 ●v. tr.  adorn with or as with diamonds (似)镶以钻石 □ diamond cut diamond  Brit.  wit or cunning meets its match [英]棋逢对手；势均力敌□ diamondiferous  /-ˈdif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French diamant from medieval Latin diamas diamant-, variant of Latin adamas ADAMANT, from Greek]

diamondback /ˈdaiəməndbæk/ n.  1  an edible freshwater terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, native to N. America, with lozenge-shaped markings on its shell (原产于北美淡水中，可供食用的)菱纹龟 2  any rattlesnake of the genus Crotalus, native to N. America, with diamond-shaped markings (原产北美响尾蛇属的)菱纹背响尾蛇

diamond-bird n. Austral. [澳]  = PARDALOTE 

diamond in the rough n. US [美]  = ROUGH DIAMOND 2 

diamond jubilee n.  the 60th (or 75th) anniversary of an event, esp. a sovereign's accession (尤指君王即位)第 60 年(或第 75 年)纪念

diamond wedding n.  a 60th (or 75th) wedding anniversary 第 60 年(或第 75 年)结婚纪念；钻石婚

Diana /daiˈænə/   黛安娜 [人名]

diandrous /daiˈændrəs/ adj.  having two stamens 有两个雄蕊的 [DI-1 + Greek anēr andr- ‘man’]

Diane /daiˈæn/   黛安 [人名]

dianthus /daiˈænθəs/ n.  any flowering plant of the genus Dianthus, e.g. a carnation or pink 石竹属植物(如康乃馨或石竹) [Greek Dios ‘of Zeus’ + anthos ‘flower’]

diapason /daiəˈpeis(ə)n, -z-/ n.  1  the compass of a voice or musical instrument (声音、乐器的)音域 2  a fixed standard of musical pitch 标准音高 3 (in full 全称 open or stopped diapason)  either of two main organ stops extending through the organ's whole compass 主音栓(管风琴的两个主要音栓之一，分为开管基本音栓及闭管基本音栓) 4  a  a combination of musical notes or parts in a harmonious whole 和音b  a melodious succession of musical notes, esp. a grand swelling burst of harmony 旋律；曲调(尤指宏大的和声) 5  an entire compass, range, or scope 音域范围 [Middle English, in the sense ‘octave’, via Latin diapason from Greek dia pasōn (khordōn) ‘through all (notes) ’]

diapause /ˈdaiəpɔ:z/ n.  in some insects, a period of suspended development ended by an appropriate environmental stimulus 滞育，休止(昆虫生长的停滞阶段)

diaper /ˈdaiəpə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 N. Amer.  a baby's nappy [北美]尿布 2  a  a linen or cotton fabric with a small diamond pattern 细菱形花纹亚麻布(或棉布)织物b  this pattern 细菱形花纹 3  a similar ornamental design of diamonds etc. for panels, walls, etc. (菱形等)装饰图样(作嵌镶板、墙纸用) ●v. tr.  1  decorate with a diaper pattern 用菱形花纹装饰 2 N. Amer.  change the nappy of (a baby) [北美]换(婴儿)尿布 [Middle English via Old French diapre and medieval Latin diasprum from medieval Greek diaspros (adj.) (as DIA-, aspros ‘white’)]

diaphanous /daiˈæf(ə)nəs/ adj. (of fabric etc.) light and delicate, and almost transparent (织物等)轻柔的，精致的；透明的 [medieval Latin diaphanus from Greek diaphanes (as DIA-, phainō ‘show’)]

diaphoresis /daiəfəˈri:sis/ n. Med.  sweating, esp. artificially induced 【医】(尤指人为地招致)发汗 [Late Latin from Greek, from diaphoreō ‘carry through’]

diaphoretic /daiəfəˈretik/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  inducing perspiration 诱致发汗的 ●n.  an agent inducing perspiration 发汗剂 [Late Latin diaphoreticus from Greek diaphorētikos (formed as DIAPHORESIS)]

diaphragm /ˈdaiəfræm/ n.  1  a muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals 膈(哺乳动物体内把胸腔与腹部隔开的肌性膈膜) 2  a partition in animal and plant tissues (动物和植物组织中的)隔膜，隔板 3  a disc pierced by one or more holes in optical and acoustic systems etc. (用在光学和声学等系统中有一个或多个孔的)孔板，光阑 4  a device for varying the effective aperture of the lens in a camera etc. (照相机等)光圈 5  a thin contraceptive cap fitting over the cervix (避孕用的)子宫帽 6  a thin sheet of material used as a partition etc. (用做隔断的)横隔板 □ diaphragmatic  /-fræɡˈmætik/ adj.   [Middle English via Late Latin diaphragma from Greek (as DIA-, phragma -atos from phrassō ‘fence in’)]

diaphragm pump n.  a pump using a flexible diaphragm in place of a piston 隔膜式泵

diapir /ˈdaiəpiə/ n. Geol.  an anticline in which the upper strata are pierced by a rock core from below 【地质】底辟；挤入构造 [Greek diapeirainein ‘pierce through’]

diapositive /daiəˈpɒzitiv/ n.  a positive photographic slide or transparency 透明照相正片；反底片

diarchy /ˈdaiɑ:ki/ n. (also 亦作 dyarchy) (pl. -ies)  1  government by two independent authorities (esp. in India 1919 － 35) (尤指 1919 至 1935 年印度的)双头政权 2  an instance of this 双头政治 □ diarchal  /daiˈɑ:k(ə)l/ adj.  □ diarchic  /daiˈɑ:kik/ adj.   [DI-1 + Greek -arkhia ‘rule’, on the pattern of monarchy]

diarist /ˈdaiərist/ n.  a person who keeps a diary 记日记者 □ diaristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

diarize /ˈdaiəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  keep a diary 记(写)日记 2 tr.  enter in a diary 记入日记

diarrhoea /daiəˈriə/ n. (US [美] diarrhea)  a condition of excessively frequent and loose bowel movements 腹泻 □ diarrhoeal  adj.  □ diarrhoeic  adj.   [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek diarrhoia (as DIA-, rheō ‘flow’)]

diary /ˈdaiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a daily record of events or thoughts 日记 2  a book for this or for noting future engagements, usu. printed and with a calendar and other information 日记簿(通常印刷成册，并附年历及其他信息) [Latin diarium from dies ‘day’]

diascope /ˈdaiəskəʊp/ n.  an optical projector giving images of transparent objects 反射幻灯机

Diaspora /daiˈæsp(ə)rə/ n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the dispersion of the Jews among the Gentiles mainly in the 8th － 6th c. BC (公元前 8 至 6 世纪犹太人的)大流散b  Jews dispersed in this way (流散的)海外犹太人 2 (also 亦作 diaspora)  a  any group of people similarly dispersed (任何民族的)移民社群b  their dispersion (任何民族的)大移居 [Greek from diaspeirō (as DIA-, speirō ‘scatter’)]

diastase /ˈdaiəsteiz/ n. Biochem. 【生化】  = AMYLASE  □ diastasic  /-ˈsteizik/ adj.  □ diastatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [French from Greek diastasis ‘separation’ (as DIA-, stasis ‘placing’)]

diastema /daiəˈsti:mə/ n.  a space between adjacent teeth, esp. in front of the premolars in rodents and ungulates (尤指啮齿动物、有蹄类哺乳动物前臼齿等的)牙间隙；纵裂 [Late Latin from Greek, = space between]

diastole /daiˈæstəli/ n. Physiol.  the period between two contractions of the heart when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood (cf. 参见 SYSTOLE) 【生理】(心)舒张期 □ diastolic  /daiəˈstɒlik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek diastellō (as DIA-, stellō ‘place’)]

diathermancy /daiəˈθɜ:m(ə)nsi/ n.  the quality of transmitting radiant heat 透热性；传热性 □ diathermic  adj.  □ diathermous  adj.   [French diathermansie, from Greek dia ‘through’ + thermansis ‘heating’: assimilated to -ANCY]

diathermy /ˈdaiəθɜ:mi/ n.  the application of high-frequency electric currents to produce heat in the deeper tissues of the body 透热疗法 [German Diathermie, from Greek dia ‘through’ + thermon ‘heat’]

diathesis /daiˈæθəsis/ n. Med.  a constitutional predisposition to a certain state, esp. a diseased one 【医】体质(尤指易患某种疾病的先天性因素) [modern Latin from Greek, from diatithēmi ‘arrange’]

diatom /ˈdaiətəm/ n.  a microscopic unicellular alga with a siliceous cell wall, found as plankton and forming fossil deposits 硅藻 □ diatomaceous  /-ˈmeiʃəs/ adj.   [modern Latin genus name Diatoma, from Greek diatomos (as DIA-, temnō ‘cut’)]

diatomaceous earth /daiətəˈmeiʃəs/ n.  = KIESELGUHR  [DIATOM + -ACEOUS]

diatomic /daiəˈtɒmik/ adj.  consisting of two atoms 双原子的 [DI-1 + ATOM]

diatomite /daiˈætəmait/ n. Geol.  a pale sedimentary deposit formed from the siliceous skeletons of diatoms Cf. 参见 KIESELGUHR 【地质】硅藻土

diatonic /daiəˈtɒnik/ adj. Mus. 【音】  1 (of a scale, interval, etc.) involving only notes proper to the prevailing key without chromatic alteration (音阶、音程等)全音阶的 2 (of a melody or harmony) constructed from such a scale (曲调、和声)用自然音阶的 [French diatonique or Late Latin diatonicus from Greek diatonikos ‘at intervals of a tone’ (as DIA-, TONIC)]

diatribe /ˈdaiətraib/ n.  a forceful verbal attack; a piece of bitter criticism 抨击；讽刺；谴责 [French via Latin diatriba from Greek diatribē ‘spending of time, discourse’, from diatribō (as DIA-, tribō ‘rub’)]

diazepam /daiˈæzipæm, -ˈeiz-/ n.  a tranquillizing muscle-relaxant drug with anticonvulsant properties used to relieve anxiety, tension, etc., e.g. Valium 地西泮；安定(可以用来减轻忧虑、紧张等) [benzodiazepine + am]

diazo /daiˈæzəʊ, -ˈeizəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 diazotype)  a copying or colouring process using a diazo compound decomposed by ultraviolet light 重氮基 [DI-1 + AZO-]

diazo compound n.  a chemical compound containing two usu. multiply-bonded nitrogen atoms, often highly coloured and used as dyes 重氮化合物(通常多键氮原子)

dib /dib/ v. intr. (dibbed, dibbing)  = DAP  [variant of DAB1]

dibasic /daiˈbeisik/ adj. Chem.  having two replaceable protons 【化】二元的；二碱价的 [DI-1 + BASE1 n. 6]

dibber /ˈdibə/ n.  = DIBBLE 

dibble /ˈdib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a hand tool for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants 挖穴器；点播器 ●v.  1 tr.  sow or plant with a dibble 点播；穴植 2 tr.  prepare (soil) with a dibble 在(土中)用点播器挖穴 3 intr.  use a dibble 使用点播器 [Middle English: perhaps related to DIB]

dibs /dibz/ n. pl. Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 [earlier sense ‘pebbles for game’, also dib-stones, perhaps from DIB]

dice /dais/ n. & v. ●n. pl.  1  a  small cubes with faces bearing one to six spots used in games of chance 骰子b (treated as sing. 看作单数)  one of these cubes (see 见 DIE2) 一粒骰子 2  a game played with one or more such cubes 掷骰子(游戏)，掷骰赌博 3  food cut into small cubes for cooking 切成丁(方块) ●v.  1  a intr.  play dice 掷b intr.  take great risks, gamble 冒巨大风险；赌博  dicing with death  冒生命危险c tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  gamble away 赌博 2 tr.  cut (food) into small cubes 把(食物)切成丁(方块) 3 tr. Austral. slang  reject; leave alone [澳] [俚语]摈弃；让独自呆着 4 tr.  chequer, mark with squares 使具有方格图案，标以交错相间的方格 □ no dice  colloq. (there is) no chance of success, cooperation, etc. [口] (成功、合作等)没(有)门□ dicer  n. (in sense 1a of v. 用于动词释义 1a)   [pl. of DIE2]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DIE2. 见 DIE2 的用法说明。 

dicey /ˈdaisi/ adj. (dicier, diciest) slang  risky, unreliable [俚语]冒险的；不确定的；不可靠的 [DICE + -Y1]

dichotomy /daiˈkɒtəmi, di-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a division into two classes, parts, etc., esp. of things that are opposed or entirely different (尤指对立或完全不同的事物)一分为二；二分b  a sharp or paradoxical contrast 鲜明而又荒谬的对比 2 Bot. & Zool.  repeated bifurcation 【植】【动】二歧(分枝式)；重复二叉分枝；歧出；二分叉 □ dichotomic  /-kəˈtɒmik/ adj.  □ dichotomize  v. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ dichotomous  adj.   [modern Latin dichotomia from Greek dikhotomia, from dikho- ‘apart’ + -TOMY]■Usage 用法说明 The use of dichotomy to mean ‘dilemma’ or ‘ambivalence’, as in I was faced with the dichotomy of wanting to pass the exam but not wanting to please my teacher; She alone in the book conveys the dichotomy of the white immigrants towards blacks, is considered incorrect in standard English. 在标准英语中，用 dichotomy 来表示 dilemma (进退两难)或 ambivalence (矛盾心理)被认为是不正确的。如 I was faced with the dichotomy of wanting to pass the exam but not wanting to please my teacher (我面临着既想要考试及格又不想去讨好我的老师的进退两难的境地); She alone in the book conveys the dichotomy of the white immigrants towards blacks (她只在书中流露了白人移民对黑人的矛盾心理)。 

dichroic /daiˈkrəʊik/ adj. (esp. of doubly refracting crystals) showing two colours (尤指双折射晶体)二色的；二色性的 □ dichroism  n.   [Greek dikhroos (as DI-1, khrōs ‘colour’)]

dichromatic /daikrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  1  two-coloured 二色的 2  a (of animal species) having individuals that show different colorations (动物种类)具有二色变异的b  having vision sensitive to only two of the three primary colours 二色性色盲的 □ dichromatism  /daiˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.   [DI-1 + Greek khrōmatikos from khrōma -atos ‘colour’]

Dick /dik/   迪克 [人名]

dick1 /dik/ n.  1 Brit. colloq. (in certain set phrases) fellow; person [英口]家伙，人(只用于某些固定词组中)  clever dick  聪明人 2 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]鸡巴；阴茎 [pet form of the name Richard]

dick2 /dik/ n. slang  a detective [俚语]侦探 [perhaps abbreviation]

dick3 /dik/ n.   □ take one's dick  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) Brit. slang  swear, affirm [英] [俚语]誓言；担保 [abbreviation of declaration]

dicken /ˈdik(ə)n/ int. Austral. slang  an expression of disgust or disbelief [澳] [俚语]憎恶(或怀疑)的表达 [usu. associated with DICKENS or the name Dickens]

dickens /ˈdikinz/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 how, what, why, etc., the) colloq. (esp. in exclamations) deuce; the Devil [口] (尤用于感叹)到底，究竟  what the dickens are you doing here?  你究竟在这儿干什么？ [16th c.: probably a use of the surname Dickens]

Dickensian /diˈkenziən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Charles Dickens, English novelist d. 1870, or his work (有关) (英国作家)狄更斯的； (有关)狄更斯作品的 2  resembling or reminiscent of the situations, poor social conditions, or comically repulsive characters described in Dickens's work 类似狄更斯文体的；类似狄更斯笔下描述情况的 ●n.  an admirer or student of Dickens or his work 狄更斯(或其作品)的崇拜者(或研究者)

dicker /ˈdikə/ v. & n. esp. US [尤美] ●v.  1  a intr.  bargain, haggle 讨价还价，砍价b tr.  barter, exchange 以…作交易；进行…的交易 2 intr.  dither, hesitate 犹豫不决，踌躇 ●n.  a deal, a barter 交易；易货贸易 □ dickerer  n.   [perhaps from dicker ‘set of ten (hides)’, as a unit of trade]

dickhead /ˈdikhed/ n. coarse slang  a stupid or obnoxious person, esp. a man; an idiot [粗俗俚语]傻瓜；令人讨厌的人(尤指男人)，白痴 [DICK1]

Dickie /ˈdiki/   迪基 [人名]

Dicky /ˈdiki/   迪基 [人名]

dicky1 /ˈdiki/ n. (also 亦作 dickey) (pl. -ies or -eys) colloq. [口]  1  a false shirt-front 假衬衫前胸 2 (in full 全称 dicky bird)  a child's word for a little bird (儿语)小鸟 3 Brit.  a driver's seat in a carriage [英] (马车的)驾车人座位 4 Brit.  an extra folding seat at the back of a vehicle [英] (车辆尾部的)折叠加座 5 (in full 全称 dicky bow) Brit.  a bow tie [英] (蝴蝶)领结 [some senses from Dicky (as DICK1)]

dicky2 /ˈdiki/ adj. (dickier, dickiest) Brit. slang  unsound; likely to collapse or fail [英] [俚语]不稳当的；软弱的，站不稳的 [18th c.: perhaps from the saying ‘as queer as Dick's hatband’]

dicot /ˈdaikɒt/ n.  = DICOTYLEDON  [abbreviation]

dicotyledon /ˌdaikɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n.  any flowering plant with an embryo which bears two cotyledons 双子叶植物 □ dicotyledonous  adj.   [modern Latin dicotyledones (as DI-1, COTYLEDON)]

dicrotic /daiˈkrɒtik/ adj. (of the pulse) having a double beat 二波(脉)的，重搏(脉)的 [Greek dikrotos]

dicta pl.  of DICTUM  

Dictaphone /ˈdiktəfəʊn/ n. propr.  a machine for recording and playing back dictated words [商标]口述录音机；录音电话机 [DICTATE + -PHONE]

dictate v. & n. ●v. /dikˈteit/  1 tr.  say or read aloud (words to be written down or recorded) 口述；口授(要写下或录下的话语) 2  a tr.  prescribe or lay down authoritatively (terms, things to be done) 发号施令地规定(要做的事)，专横地强加(条件)b intr.  lay down the law; give orders 强制规定；下令 ●n. /ˈdikteit/ (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an authoritative instruction 命令；指令  dictates of conscience  良心的驱使 [Latin dictare dictat-, frequentative of dicere dict- ‘say’]

dictation /dikˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the saying of words to be written down or recorded 口授(或听写)的文字b  an instance of this, esp. as a school exercise 听写(尤指为学校作业)c  the material that is dictated 听写材料 2  a  authoritative prescription 命令，规定b  an instance of this 指示c  a command 指令；指挥

dictation speed n.  a slow rate of speech suitable for dictation 听写速度

dictator /dikˈteitə/ n.  1  a ruler with (often usurped) unrestricted authority 独裁者(常篡权) 2  a person with supreme authority in any sphere 发号施令者 3  a domineering person 飞扬跋扈(或盛气凌人)的人 4  a person who dictates for transcription 口授者 5 Rom. Hist.  a chief magistrate with absolute power, appointed in an emergency [罗马]【史】(临时任命的)独裁官 [Middle English from Latin (as DICTATE)]

dictatorial /diktəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or like a dictator (似)独裁者的 2  imperious, overbearing 专横的，傲慢的 □ dictatorially  adv.   [Latin dictatorius (as DICTATOR)]

dictatorship /dikˈteitəʃip/ n.  1  a state ruled by a dictator 独裁专政 2  a  the position, rule, or period of rule of a dictator 独裁者的职位(统治期或任期)b  rule by a dictator 独裁统治 3  absolute authority in any sphere 绝对权威

diction /ˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the manner of enunciation in speaking or singing (讲话、唱歌的)发音法，朗诵法 2  the choice of words or phrases in speech or writing (讲话、书写中的)措辞 [French diction or Latin dictio, from dicere dict- ‘say’]

dictionary /ˈdikʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a book that lists (usu. in alphabetical order) and explains the words of a language or gives equivalent words in another language (通常以字母顺序排列的)字典；词典，辞典 2  a reference book on any subject, the items of which are arranged in alphabetical order (按字母顺序编排的)辞书体参考书  dictionary of architecture  建筑辞典 [medieval Latin dictionarium (manuale ‘manual’) & dictionarius (liber ‘book’) from Latin dictio (as DICTION)]

dictum /ˈdiktəm/ n. (pl. dicta /-tə/ or dictums)  1  a formal utterance or pronouncement 宣言；正式声明 2  a saying or maxim 格言，座右铭 3 Law 【法律】  = OBITER DICTUM  [Latin, = neut. past part. of dicere ‘say’]

did past  of DO1  

didactic /diˈdæktik, dai-/ adj.  1  meant to instruct 教诲的；说教的 2 (of a person) tediously pedantic (人)迂腐的，学究式的 □ didactically  adv.  □ didacticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek didaktikos from didaskō ‘teach’]

didakai var.  of DIDICOI  DIDICOI 的变体

diddicoy var.  of DIDICOI  DIDICOI 的变体

diddle /ˈdid(ə)l/ v. colloq. [口]  1 tr.  cheat, swindle 欺骗，诈骗 2 intr. US  waste time [美]浪费时间 □ diddler  n.   [probably a back-formation from Jeremy Diddler, a character in Kenney's ‘Raising the Wind’ (1803), who constantly borrowed small sums of money which he did not repay]

diddly-squat /ˈdidliˌskwɒt/ n. (also 亦作 doodly-squat) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1 (foll. by 后跟 neg.)  anything, the least bit 一点点  doesn't mean diddly-squat to me  对我算不了什么 2  nothing at all 一点也不 [variant of DOODLY-SQUAT, probably from US slang doodle ‘excrement’, squat ‘to void excrement’]

diddums /ˈdidəmz/ int. Brit.  expressing commiseration esp. to a child [英] (尤指对小孩)怜悯；哄骗 [from did 'em, i.e. ‘did they (tease you etc.)?’]

didgeridoo /didʒ(ə)riˈdu:/ n. (also 亦作 didjeridoo)  an Australian Aboriginal musical wind instrument of long tubular shape 迪吉里杜管(澳大利亚土著人使用的一种长形管状吹奏乐器) [imitative]

didicoi /ˈdidikɔi/ n. (also 亦作 didakai, diddicoy) Brit. slang  a gypsy; an itinerant tinker [英] [俚语]吉普赛人；流动白铁工 [Romany]

didn't /ˈdid(ə)nt/ contr.  did not [缩合]不，没

dido /ˈdaidəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os) US colloq.  an antic, a caper, a prank [美口]滑稽胡闹的人，恶作剧者 □ cut (or cut up) didoes   play pranks 乱开玩笑；胡闹一通 [19th c.: origin unknown]

didst /didst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. past  of DO 

didymium /diˈdimiəm/ n. Chem.  a mixture of praseodymium and neodymium, originally regarded as an element 【化】钕镨混合物 [modern Latin from Greek didumos ‘twin’ (from being closely associated with lanthanum)]

die1 /dai/ v. (dies, died, dying /ˈdaiiŋ/)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) (of a person, animal, or plant) cease to live; expire, lose vital force (人、动物、植物)死亡，灭亡，枯死  died of hunger  饿死 2 intr.  a  come to an end, cease to exist, fade away 结束；停止(存在；) 消逝  the project died within six months  项目在 6 个月后结束b  cease to function; break down 停止运行；损坏，出故障  the engine died  引擎熄火c (of a flame) go out (火焰)熄灭 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  die or cease to function while in the presence or charge of (a person) 漠然不受(人)影响；感觉不到 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, from, with)  be exhausted or tormented 被弄得精疲力竭；受折磨  nearly died of boredom  厌烦得要命 was dying from the heat  热得要死 5 tr.  suffer (a specified death) (具体的)亡故  died a natural death  寿终正寝 □ be dying  (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  wish for longingly or intently 渴望；切望  was dying for a drink  真想喝点什么 am dying to see you  渴望见到你□ die away   become weaker or fainter to the point of extinction 减弱；渐息□ die back  (of a plant) decay from the tip towards the root (植物)顶死，枝叶枯萎□ die down   become less loud or strong 渐低；减弱□ die hard   die reluctantly, not without a struggle 难断气，难绝灭  old habits die hard  旧习难改□ die off   die one after another until few or none are left 相继死去□ die out   become extinct, cease to exist 消灭；死绝，灭绝□ never say die   keep up one's courage, not give in 别气馁，决不屈服□ to die for  (作 predic.) colloq.  extremely good or desirable [口]极好的；渴望得到的  chocolate to die for  极好的巧克力 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse deyja, from Germanic]

die2 /dai/ n.  1 sing.  of DICE n. 1a  2 (pl. dies)  a  an engraved device for stamping a design on coins, medals, etc. 模具；钢型(压制硬币、奖章等上的图案)b  a device for stamping, cutting, or moulding material into a particular shape 冲模；压模；铸模 3 (pl. dice /dais/) Archit.  the cubical part of a pedestal between the base and the cornice; a dado or plinth 【建】方形墩身；方形柱脚 □ as straight (or true) as a die   1  quite straight 非常正直 2  entirely honest or loyal 绝对诚实(或忠诚)□ the die is cast   an irrevocable step has been taken 木已成舟(事已定局，难以挽回) [Middle English via Old French de from Latin datum, neut. past part. of dare ‘give, play’]■Usage 用法说明 Dice, rather than die, is now the standard singular as well as plural form in the games sense (sense 1 above), e.g. one dice, two dice. dice 而不是 die 用于博奕(上述释义 1) 时，现在的标准用法是单复数均用 dice (见上释义 1) ，如 one die (1 个模具)， two dice (两个模具)。 

die-away adj.  having a languishing or affectedly feeble manner 渐息的；渐弱的；渐渐枯萎的

die-back n.  the progressive dying back of a shrub or tree shoot owing to disease or unfavourable conditions 顶死，树叶枯萎

die-casting n.  the process or product of casting from metal moulds 压铸；压铸件 □ die-cast  v. tr.  

dieffenbachia /di:f(ə)nˈbækiə/ n.  any tropical American evergreen plant of the genus Dieffenbachia (arum family), often grown as a house plant and having acrid toxic sap 花叶万年青属植物(海芋科) [modern Latin, named after E. Dieffenbach, German horticulturalist, d. 1855]

diehard /ˈdaihɑ:d/ n.  a conservative or stubborn person 顽固分子，死硬分子

dieldrin /ˈdi:ldrin/ n.  a toxic insecticide produced by the oxidation of aldrin, now little used because of its persistence in the environment 狄氏剂，氧桥氯甲桥萘(一种杀虫剂，有毒性，影响环境，现很少使用) [from O. Diels, German chemist d. 1954 + ALDRIN]

dielectric /daiiˈlektrik/ adj. & n. Electr. 【电】  ●adj.  insulating 绝缘的，非传导性的 ●n.  an insulating medium or substance 绝缘体；电介质 □ dielectrically  adv.   [DI-3 + ELECTRIC = through which electricity is transmitted (without conduction)]

dielectric constant n.  permittivity 介电常数，介电系数

diene /ˈdaii:n/ n. Chem.  any organic compound possessing two double bonds between carbon atoms 【化】二烯(烃) [DI-1 + -ENE]

dieresis US var.  of DIAERESIS [美] DIAERESIS 的变体

diesel /ˈdi:z(ə)l/ n.  1 (in full 全称 diesel engine)  an internal-combustion engine in which the heat produced by the compression of air in the cylinder ignites the fuel 柴油机，内燃机 2  a vehicle driven by a diesel engine 柴油车，内燃机车 3  fuel for a diesel engine 柴油 □ dieselize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [named after R. Diesel, German engineer d. 1913, who invented the engine]

diesel-electric n. & adj. ●n.  a vehicle driven by the electric current produced by a diesel-engined generator 内燃柴油机车 ●adj.  of or powered by this means 内燃电力传动的；柴油电力传动的

diesel oil n.  a heavy petroleum fraction used as fuel in diesel engines 柴油

die-sinker n.  an engraver of dies 制模工，开模工；开模机

Dies irae /ˌdi:eiz ˈiərai, ˈiərei/ n.  a Latin hymn sung in a Mass for the dead (做安魂弥撒时诵唱的)末日经 [Latin (the opening words), = day of wrath]

dies non /ˌdaii:z ˈnɒn/ n. Law 【法律】  1  a day on which no legal business can be done 非庭审日；休庭日 2  a day that does not count for legal purposes (须扣除不算的)假日 [Latin, short for dies non juridicus ‘non-judicial day’]

die-stamping n.  embossing paper etc. with a die 压凹凸印刷(凸饰纸等)

diet1 /ˈdaiət/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  the kinds of food that a person or animal habitually eats 日常饮食；日常食料 2  a special course of food to which a person is restricted, esp. for medical reasons or to control weight (适于医疗或减肥的)特种饮食，规定饮食 3  a regular occupation or series of activities to which one is restricted or which form one's main concern, usu. for a purpose (通常为某目的而)日常大量接触的东西，日常做的事情  a diet of light reading and fresh air  经常读书并呼吸新鲜空气 ●v. (dieted, dieting)  1 intr.  restrict oneself to small amounts or special kinds of food, esp. to control one's weight (尤指为了减肥而)节食 2 tr.  restrict (a person or animal) to a special diet 给(人或动物吃)规定的饮食 ●attrib. adj.  with reduced fat or sugar content 减少脂肪(或含糖量)的 □ dieter  n.   [Middle English via Old French diete (n.), dieter (v.) and Latin diaeta from Greek diaita ‘a way of life’]

diet2 /ˈdaiət/ n.  1  a legislative assembly in certain countries (一些国家的)议会(或国会) 2 hist.  a national or international conference, esp. of a federal state or confederation [史义] (尤指在盟国或邦联中的)国家(或国际)会议 3 Sc. Law  a meeting or session of a court [苏格兰]【法律】会议(期)；法院开庭期；法庭开庭日 [Middle English from medieval Latin dieta ‘day's work, wages, etc.’]

dietary /ˈdaiət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a diet (有关)饮食的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a regulated or restricted diet 规定(限制)饮食量 [Middle English from medieval Latin dietarium (as DIET1)]

dietetic /daiəˈtetik/ adj.  of or relating to diet (有关)饮食的 □ dietetically  adv.   [Latin dieteticus from Greek diaitētikos (as DIET1)]

dietetics /daiəˈtetiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the scientific study of diet and nutrition 饮食学；膳食学；营养学

diethyl ether /daiˈi:θail/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHER 1a 

dietitian /daiəˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 dietician)  an expert in dietetics 饮食学家

dif- /dif/ prefix  assim. form of DIS- before f 用于 f 前 DIS- 的同化形式 [Latin variant of DIS-]

differ /ˈdifə/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  be unlike or distinguishable 不同，相异，有区别 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  disagree; be at variance (with a person) 意见不同(或不合)，与(某人)持不同看法 [Middle English via Old French differer from Latin differre ‘differ, DEFER1’ (as DIS-, ferre ‘bear, tend’)]

difference /ˈdif(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the state or condition of being different or unlike 差异，不相同 2  a point in which things differ; a distinction 相异点，不同点 3  a degree of unlikeness 不相同程度 4  a  the quantity by which amounts differ; a deficit 差额；赤字  will have to make up the difference  将必须补足差额b  the remainder left after subtraction 差 5  a  a disagreement, quarrel, or dispute 意见相左；争执；争论b  the grounds of disagreement 分歧  put aside their differences  把他们的分歧搁置一边 6 Heraldry  an alteration in a coat of arms distinguishing members of a family 【纹章学】(盾徽上区别于家族成员的)附加图记 ●v. tr. Heraldry  alter (a coat of arms) to distinguish members of a family 【纹章学】附加图记于(盾徽) □ make a (or all the etc.) difference  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have a significant effect or influence (on a person, situation, etc.) (对人、形势等)有关系，有影响；起(重要)作用□ make no difference  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have no effect (on a person, situation, etc.) (对人、形势等)无重大影响□ with a difference   having a new or unusual feature 不同一般的，与众不同的，特别的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin differentia (as DIFFERENT)]

different /ˈdif(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, to, than)  unlike, distinguishable in nature, form, or quality (from another) (与其他)不同的，不一致的，有差异的 2  distinct, separate; not the same one (as another) 个别的，另外的；(作为另一物)有区别的 3 colloq.  unusual [口]特异的，别致的，与众不同的  wanted to do something different  想要做点不平常的事 □ differently  adv.  □ differentness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin different- (as DIFFER)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1 different from is generally regarded as the most acceptable collocation; to is common in less formal British use; than is established in US use and also found in British use, esp. when followed by a clause, e.g. I am a different person than I was a year ago. 用于释义 1 时， different from 的搭配形式是最为大家认可的。 different to 在英国不太正式的场合也很常见。 different than 是美国用法；英国也用，尤其在后跟分句时，如 I am a different person than I was a year ago (我与一年前的我已截然不同)。 

differentia /difəˈrenʃiə/ n. (pl. differentiae /-ʃii:/)  a distinguishing mark, esp. between species within a genus (尤指属中种类间的)种差 [Latin: see DIFFERENCE]

differential /difəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of, exhibiting, or depending on a difference 差异的，显示差异的；依差别而定的b  varying according to circumstances 独特的 2 Math.  relating to infinitesimal differences 【数】微分的 3  constituting a specific difference; distinctive; relating to specific differences 构成特征的；特殊的；与特征有关的  differential diagnosis  鉴别诊断 4 Physics & Mech.  concerning the difference of two or more motions, pressures, etc. 【物理学】【机】有关(两种或两种以上的运行或压力等)差动的；差速的 ●n.  1  a difference between individuals or examples of the same kind (同类人或同类物间的)差别；差异 2  a difference in wage or salary between industries or categories of employees in the same industry (行业之间或同行业中雇员级别之间的)工资级差 3  a difference between rates of interest etc. (利息等之间的)差额，差率 4 Math. 【数】  a  an infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable 微分b  a function expressing this as a rate of change with respect to another variable (微分)函数 5 (in full 全称 differential gear)  a gear allowing a vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds in cornering 差动(速)齿轮 □ differentially  adv.   [medieval & modern Latin differentialis (as DIFFERENCE)]

differential calculus n.  a method of calculating rates of change, maximum or minimum values, etc. (cf. 参见 INTEGRAL CALCULUS) 微分(学) (最大或最小值等的变化率)

differential coefficient n. Math. 【数】  = DERIVATIVEn. 2 

differential equation n.  an equation involving differentials among its quantities 微分方程

differentiate /difəˈrenʃieit/ v.  1 tr.  constitute a difference between or in 使不同；使有区别；构成…间的区别 2 tr. & (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  intr. find differences (between); discriminate (两者间)区分；区别；辨别 3 tr. & intr.  make or become different in the process of growth or development (species, word-forms, etc.) (使) (种类、构词等)发生变异 4 tr. Math.  transform (a function) into its derivative 【数】求(函数)的微分 □ differentiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ differentiator  n.   [medieval Latin differentiare differentiat- (as DIFFERENCE)]

differently abled adj. euphem.  disabled [婉]残疾的

difficult /ˈdifik(ə)lt/ adj.  1  a  needing much effort or skill 困难的；艰难的b  troublesome, perplexing 棘手的；复杂的 2 (of a person 人) : a  not easy to please or satisfy 难以取悦的；很难满足的b  uncooperative, troublesome 难以合作的，麻烦的 3  characterized by hardships or problems 困难的；成问题的  a difficult period in his life  他一生中的艰难时期 □ difficultly  adv.  □ difficultness  n.   [Middle English, back-formation from DIFFICULTY]

difficulty /ˈdifik(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or condition of being difficult 艰难；困难 2  a  a difficult thing; a problem or hindrance 难事；难点，难题；障碍b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a cause of distress or hardship 困境；麻烦的原因  in financial difficulties  财政困难，经济拮据 there was someone in difficulties in the water  有人在水中遇难 □ with difficulty   not easily 好容易才，千辛万苦才 [Middle English from Latin difficultas (as DIS-, facultas FACULTY)]

diffident /ˈdifid(ə)nt/ adj.  1  shy, lacking self-confidence 羞怯的；缺乏自信的 2  excessively modest and reticent 过分谦逊谨慎的 □ diffidence  n.  □ diffidently  adv.   [Latin diffidere (as DIS-, fidere ‘trust’)]

diffract /diˈfrækt/ v. tr. Physics (of the edge of an opaque body, a narrow slit, etc.) break up (a beam of light) into a series of dark or light bands or coloured spectra, or (a beam of radiation or particles) into a series of alternately high and low intensities 【物理学】(不透明体的边缘、狭窄的裂缝等)使(光束)折射； (射线、粒子流)衍射 □ diffraction  n.  □ diffractive  adj.  □ diffractively  adv.   [Latin diffringere diffract- (as DIS-, frangere ‘break’)]

diffraction grating n.  a plate of glass or metal ruled with very close parallel lines, producing a spectrum by diffraction and interference of light 衍射光栅

diffractometer /difrækˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring diffraction, esp. in crystallographic work (尤用于晶体工件中的)衍射计

diffuse adj. & v. ●adj. /diˈfju:s/  1 (of light, inflammation, etc.) spread out, dispersed, not concentrated or localized (光、炎症等)扩散(开来)的；漫射的 2 (of prose, speech, etc.) not concise; long-winded, verbose (散文、讲话等)不简洁的；冗长的；啰唆的 ●v. tr. & intr. /diˈfju:z/  1  disperse or be dispersed from a centre 散布，扩散 2  spread or be spread widely; reach a large area 四散；广为传播 3 Physics  intermingle by diffusion 【物理学】漫射；散播 □ diffusely  /diˈfju:sli/ adv.  □ diffuseness  /diˈfju:snis/ n.  □ diffusible  /diˈfju:zib(ə)l/ adj.  □ diffusive  /diˈfju:siv/ adj.   [Middle English from French diffus or Latin diffusus ‘extensive’ (as DIS-, fusus, past part. of fundere ‘pour’)]

diffuser /diˈfju:zə/ n. (also 亦作 diffusor)  1  a person or thing that diffuses, esp. a device for diffusing light 散播者；漫射体，漫射器(尤指漫射光的器具) 2 Engin.  a duct for broadening an airflow and reducing its speed 【工程】增宽气流以降低速度的导管

diffusion /diˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of diffusing; the process of being diffused 扩散；散布；弥漫 2 Physics & Chem.  the interpenetration of substances by the natural movement of their particles 【物理学】【化】扩散；漫射(通过物质分子的自由运动而互相渗透) 3 Anthropol.  the spread of elements of culture etc. to another region or people 【人】(文化等的)传流 □ diffusionist  n.   [Middle English from Latin diffusio (as DIFFUSE)]

dig /diɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (digging; past and past part. dug /dʌɡ/)  1 intr.  break up and remove or turn over soil, ground, etc., with a tool, one's hands, (of an animal) claws, etc. 挖土，掘地(翻地等)；(动物)用爪刨地 2 tr.  a  break up and displace (the ground etc.) in this way 挖，掘(地等)b (foll. by 后跟 up)  break up the soil of (fallow land) 翻耕(休闲地) 3 tr.  make (a hole, grave, tunnel, etc.) by digging 挖成；凿成(洞、墓穴、隧道等) 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out)  a  obtain or remove by digging 掘得；挖出b  find or discover after searching 探究；发现 5 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  excavate (an archaeological site) 发掘(考古遗迹) 6 tr. slang  like, appreciate, or understand [俚语]喜欢；领会；理解 7 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  thrust or poke into or down into 戳进；插进；刺入 8 intr.  make one's way by digging 开凿；掘进  dug through the mountainside  从山腰掘穿 ●n.  1  a piece of digging 一挖；一掘 2  a thrust or poke 戳，碰，捅  a dig in the ribs  碰戳肋骨 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 at) colloq.  a pointed or critical remark [口]挖苦，讽刺 4  an archaeological excavation 考古发掘 5 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Brit. colloq.  lodgings [尤英口]住宿处 □ dig one's feet (or heels or toes) in   be obstinate 固执己见□ dig in  colloq.  begin eating [口]开始吃□ dig oneself in   1  prepare a defensive trench or pit 挖战壕(或坑道)准备防守 2  establish one's position 确立…的地位，使站稳脚跟 [Middle English digge, of uncertain origin: perhaps from Old English dīc ‘ditch’]

digamma /daiˈɡæmə/ n.  the sixth letter of the early Greek alphabet (probably pronounced w), later disused 古希腊字母表的第 6 个字母 [Latin from Greek (as DI-1, GAMMA)]

digastric /daiˈɡæstrik/ adj. & n. Anat. 【解】  ●adj. (of a muscle) having two wide parts with a tendon between 二腹的；二腹肌的 ●n.  the muscle that opens the jaw (下腭的)二腹肌 [modern Latin digastricus (as DI-1, Greek gastēr ‘belly’)]

digest v. & n. ●v. tr. /daiˈdʒest, di-/  1  break down (food) in the stomach and bowels into simpler molecules that can be assimilated by the body 消化(食物) 2  understand and assimilate mentally 领会，融会贯通 3 Chem.  treat (a substance) with heat, enzymes, or a solvent in order to decompose it, extract the essence, etc. 【化】(用热、酶或溶剂通过分解，提取精华等)浸提；蒸煮；煮解(物质) 4  a  reduce to a systematic or convenient form; classify; summarize (系统地)整理；汇编；作摘要b  think over; arrange in the mind (仔细)考虑，思量 ●n. /ˈdaidʒest/  1  a  a methodical summary esp. of a body of laws (尤指一套法典)法规汇集b (作 the Digest)  the compendium of Roman law compiled in the reign of Justinian (6th c. AD) 罗马法典(公元 6 世纪罗马皇帝查士丁尼下令所汇编) 2  a regular or occasional synopsis of current literature or news 文摘；摘要 □ digester  n.  □ digestible  adj.  □ digestibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin digerere digest- ‘distribute, dissolve, digest’ (as DI-2, gerere ‘carry’)]

digestion /daiˈdʒestʃ(ə)n, di-/ n.  1  the process of digesting 消化(作用) 2  the capacity to digest food 消化力  has a weak digestion  消化不好 3  digesting a substance by means of heat, enzymes, or a solvent (靠热、酶或溶剂)分解物质 [Middle English via Old French from Latin digestio -onis (as DIGEST)]

digestive /daiˈdʒestiv, di-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to digestion (有关)消化的 2  aiding or promoting digestion 有助(促进)消化的 ●n.  1  a substance that aids digestion 助消化剂 2 (in full 全称 digestive biscuit) Brit.  a usu. round semi-sweet wholemeal biscuit [英] (一种通常圆形半甜全麦做的)粗面饼干，消化饼干 □ digestively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French digestif -ive or Latin digestivus (as DIGEST)]

digger /ˈdiɡə/ n.  1  a person or machine that digs, esp. a mechanical excavator 挖掘者； (尤指机械)挖掘器 2  a miner, esp. a gold-digger 矿工(尤指淘金者) 3 colloq.  an Australian or New Zealander, esp. a private soldier [口]澳大利亚人(或新西兰人) (尤指普通士兵) 4 Austral. & NZ colloq. (as a form of address) mate, fellow [澳新口]伙伴，同事(作为一种称呼)

digger wasp n.  any of various mainly solitary wasps which burrow in soil 掘土蜂，泥蜂

diggings /ˈdiɡiŋz/ n. pl.  1  a  a mine or goldfield 矿区；金矿b  material dug out of a mine etc. (矿等中的)开采物，发掘物 2 Brit. colloq.  lodgings, accommodation [英口]住处，住所；寄宿舍

dight /dait/ adj. archaic  clothed, arrayed [古义]穿戴的，打扮(或装饰)的 [past part. of dight from Old English dihtan, from Latin dictare DICTATE]

digit /ˈdidʒit/ n.  1  any numeral from 0 to 9, esp. when forming part of a number (尤指组成数目的)数字 2 Anat. & Zool.  a finger, thumb, or toe 【解】【动】(手)指；拇指；(足)趾 [Middle English from Latin digitus]

digital /ˈdidʒit(ə)l/ adj.  1  designating, relating to, operating with, or created using, signals or information represented by digits 数字的  a digital recording  数字记录 2 (of a clock, watch, etc.) giving a reading by means of displayed digits as opposed to hands (cf. 参见 ANALOGUE adj. 2) (钟、表等不用指针而是用)数字显示的 □ digitalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ digitally  adv.   [Latin digitalis (as DIGIT)]

digital audio tape n.  magnetic tape on which sound is recorded digitally 数字音频磁带

digitalin /didʒiˈteilin/ n.  the pharmacologically active constituent(s) of the foxglove 洋地黄苷(甙) [DIGITALIS + -IN]

digitalis /didʒiˈteilis/ n.  a drug prepared from the dried leaves of foxgloves and containing substances that stimulate the heart muscle 洋(毛)地黄 [modern Latin, = relating to the finger, genus name of foxglove, influenced by German Fingerhut ‘foxglove, thimble’: see DIGITAL]

digital to analog converter n.  a device for converting digital values to analog form 数模转换器；数位类比变换器

digitate /ˈdidʒitət, -eit/ adj.  1 Zool.  having separate fingers or toes 【动】有指的；有趾的 2 Bot.  having deep radiating divisions 【植】指状的；掌状的 □ digitately  adv.  □ digitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin digitatus (as DIGIT)]

digitigrade /ˈdidʒitiɡreid/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj. (of an animal) walking on its toes and not touching the ground with its heels, e.g. dogs, cats, and rodents (如狗、猫等动物)趾行的 ●n.  a digitigrade animal (cf. 参见 PLANTIGRADE) 趾行动物 [French, from Latin digitus + -gradus ‘-walking’]

digitize /ˈdidʒitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convert (data etc.) into digital form, esp. for processing by a computer (尤指用计算机)将(数据等)数字化 □ digitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dignified /ˈdiɡnifaid/ adj.  having or expressing dignity; noble or stately in appearance or manner 有尊严的；高贵的；高尚的 □ dignifiedly  adv.  

dignify /ˈdiɡnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  give dignity or distinction to 使有尊严，使高贵 2  ennoble; make worthy or illustrious 使高贵，使尊荣；使增光 3  give the form or appearance of dignity to 使显得堂皇；抬高…的身价  dignified the house with the name of mansion  称房屋为大厦以抬高身价 [obsolete French dignifier via Old French dignefier from Late Latin dignificare, from dignus ‘worthy’]

dignitary /ˈdiɡnit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person holding high rank or office 权贵；高官 [DIGNITY + -ARY1, on the pattern of PROPRIETARY]

dignity /ˈdiɡniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a composed and serious manner or style 威严，庄严，端庄 2  the state of being worthy of honour or respect 高贵；高尚；尊严 3  worthiness, excellence 优秀，卓越  the dignity of work  劳动的崇高 4  a high or honourable rank or position 高官，显位 5  high regard or estimation 高度评价(敬意) □ beneath one's dignity   not considered worthy enough for one to do 有失尊严，不合身份□ stand on one's dignity   insist (esp. by one's manner) on being treated with due respect (尤指摆架子)保持尊严 [Middle English via Old French digneté, dignité from Latin dignitas -tatis, from dignus ‘worthy’]

digraph /ˈdaiɡrɑ:f/ n.  a group of two letters representing one sound, as in ph and ey 单音复合字母，二合字母(如 ph, ey) □ digraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 Digraph is sometimes confused with ligature which means ‘two or more letters joined together’. 有时人们常把二合字母 (digraph) 与由两个或多个字母合成的连字 (ligature) 相混淆。 

digress /daiˈɡres/ v. intr.  depart from the main subject temporarily in speech or writing 离题 □ digresser  n.  □ digression  /-ˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ digressive  adj.  □ digressively  adv.  □ digressiveness  n.   [Latin digredi digress- (as DI-2, gradi ‘walk’)]

digs  see 见 DIG n. 5 

dihedral /daiˈhi:dr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having or contained by two plane faces 二面的，有两个平面的 ●n.  = DIHEDRAL ANGLE  [dihedron from DI-1 + -HEDRON]

dihedral angle n.  an angle formed by two plane surfaces, esp. by an aircraft wing with the horizontal (尤指机翼与水平面所形成的)二面角

dihybrid /daiˈhaibrid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes 双因子杂合子 ●adj.  relating to the inheritance of alleles of two different genes 双因子杂合子的

dihydric /daiˈhaidrik/ adj. Chem. (of an alcohol) containing two hydroxyl groups 【化】(乙醇含)二羟基的 [DI-1 + HYDROGEN + -IC]

dik-dik /ˈdikdik/ n.  any dwarf antelope of the genus Madoqua, native to Africa (产于非洲东部的犬羚属)犬羚 [name in E. Africa and in Afrikaans]

dike1 var.  of DYKE1  DYKE1 的变体

dike2 var.  of DYKE2  DYKE2 的变体

diktat /ˈdiktæt/ n.  a categorical statement or decree, esp. terms imposed after a war by a victor (胜方强加在战败方的)投降令，勒令；绝对命令 [German, = DICTATE]

dilapidate /diˈlæpideit/ v. intr. & tr.  fall or cause to fall into disrepair or ruin (使)荒废； (使)毁坏 [Latin dilapidare ‘demolish, squander’ (as DI-2, lapis lapid- ‘stone’)]

dilapidated /diˈlæpideitid/ adj.  in a state of disrepair or ruin, esp. as a result of age or neglect (尤指因年久或荒芜而)毁坏的；倾坍的

dilapidation /diˌlæpiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of dilapidating 坍毁，倾圮b  a state of disrepair 破旧，失修 2 (in pl. 用复数)  repairs required at the end of a tenancy or lease (租赁到期时)房屋所需的维修 3 Eccl.  a sum charged against an incumbent for wear and tear during a tenancy 【教会】(向居住教会房屋的圣职人员索取的)房屋折旧费 [Middle English from Late Latin dilapidatio (as DILAPIDATE)]

dilatation /daileiˈteiʃ(ə)n, di-, -lə-/ n.  1  the widening or expansion of a hollow organ or cavity (中空器官或空洞)扩张；膨胀 2  the process of dilating 扩张过程；膨胀过程

dilatation and curettage  see 见 D. AND C. 

dilate /daiˈleit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become wider or larger (esp. of an opening in the body) (使) (尤指人体上或体内的窍、开口等)膨胀 , (使)扩大 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  speak or write at length 详述；详论 □ dilatable  adj.  □ dilation  n.   [Middle English via Old French dilater from Latin dilatare ‘spread out’ (as DI-2, latus ‘wide’)]

dilator /daiˈleitə, di-/ n.  1 Anat.  a muscle that dilates an organ or aperture 【解】开大肌，扩张肌 2 Surgery  an instrument for dilating a tube or cavity in the body 【外科】扩张器

dilatory /ˈdilət(ə)ri/ adj.  given to or causing delay 拖拉(或迟误)的 □ dilatorily  adv.  □ dilatoriness  n.   [Late Latin dilatorius (as DI-2, dilat-, past part. stem of differre DEFER1)]

dildo /ˈdildəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  an object shaped like an erect penis and used, esp. by women, for sexual stimulation (尤指妇女使用的)假阴茎，人造阴茎 [16th c.: origin unknown]

dilemma /diˈlemə, dai-/ n.  1  a situation in which a choice has to be made between two equally undesirable alternatives (进退两难的)局面，窘境 2  a state of indecision between two alternatives 两难的选择 3 disp.  a difficult situation; a problem [异议]困境；难题 4  an argument forcing an opponent to choose either of two unfavourable alternatives 二难推理(强迫对手在两种对他不利的选择中进行选择的论点) [Latin from Greek (as DI-1, lēmma ‘premiss’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of dilemma in sense 3 is considered incorrect by some people. 一些人认为释义 3 中 dilemma 的用法不正确。 

dilettante /diliˈtænti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. dilettanti /-ti/ or dilettantes)  1  a person who studies a subject or area of knowledge superficially 浅薄的涉猎者，半吊子 2  a person who enjoys the arts 艺术爱好者 ●adj.  trifling, not thorough; amateurish 浅薄的；半吊子的；业余的 □ dilettantish  adj.  □ dilettantism  n.   [Italian from pres. part. of dilettare ‘delight’, from Latin delectare]

diligence1 /ˈdilidʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  careful and persistent application or effort 勤奋；用功 2 (as a characteristic) industriousness (性格)勤勉 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diligentia (as DILIGENT)]

diligence2 /ˈdilidʒ(ə)ns/ n. hist.  a public stagecoach, esp. in France [史义] (尤指法国的)公共马车 [French, for carrosse de diligence ‘coach of speed’]

diligent /ˈdilidʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  careful and steady in application to one's work or duties 细致而坚持不懈的；孜孜不倦的 2  showing care and effort 勤勉的；勤奋的 □ diligently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin diligens ‘assiduous’, part. of diligere ‘love, take delight in’ (as DI-2, legere ‘choose’)]

dill1 /dil/ n.  1  an umbelliferous herb, Anethum graveolens, with yellow flowers and aromatic seeds 莳萝，土茴香(开黄花结芳香籽的伞形花序药草) 2  the leaves (in full 全称 dill weed) or seeds of this plant used for flavouring and medicinal purposes 莳萝叶，莳萝籽(两者可作调味品或入药) [Old English dile]

dill2 /dil/ n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  a fool or simpleton 傻瓜，笨蛋 2  the victim of a trickster 受骗者 [apparently back-formation from DILLY2]

dill pickle n.  pickled cucumber etc. flavoured with dill 用莳萝籽调味的腌黄瓜(泡菜等)

dill-water n.  a distillate of dill used as a carminative (用作驱风止痛的)莳萝水

dilly1 /ˈdili/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. US slang  a remarkable or excellent person or thing [尤美] [俚语]杰出人物；漂亮妞；惊人(或异常)之事 [dilly (adj.) from DELIGHTFUL or DELICIOUS]

dilly2 /ˈdili/ adj. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  odd or eccentric 怪癖的；古怪的 2  foolish, stupid, mad 愚笨的，疯狂的 [perhaps from DAFT, SILLY]

dillybag /ˈdilibæɡ/ n. Austral.  a small bag or basket [澳]小袋，小篮 [Yagara dilly ‘(a bag made of) coarse grass or reeds’]

dilly-dally /ˈdilidæli/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq. [口]  1  dawdle, loiter 闲荡，闲逛 2  vacillate 犹豫，踌躇 [reduplication of DALLY]

diluent /ˈdiljʊənt/ adj. & n. Chem. & Biochem. 【化】【生化】  ●adj.  that serves to dilute 冲淡的；稀释的 ●n.  a diluting agent 稀释剂 [Latin diluere diluent- DILUTE]

dilute /daiˈl(j)u:t, di-/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  reduce the strength of (a fluid) by adding water or another solvent 冲淡，稀释(液体) 2  weaken or reduce the strength or forcefulness of, esp. by adding something (尤指通过增加某物以)削弱，减轻，降低 ●adj. /also 亦作 ˈdai-/  1 (esp. of a fluid) diluted, weakened (尤指液体)稀释的；冲淡的 2 (of a colour) washed out; low in saturation (颜色)退色的；色相饱和度低的 3 Chem. 【化】  a (of a solution) having relatively low concentration of solute (溶液)淡的b (of a substance) in solution (物质)呈溶液状态的  dilute sulphuric acid  稀硫酸 □ diluter  n.  □ dilution  n.   [Latin diluere dilut- (as DI-2, luere ‘wash’)]

diluvial /daiˈl(j)u:viəl, di-/ adj.  1  of a flood, esp. of the Flood in Genesis (尤指《圣经·创世记》所记载的)大洪水的 2 Geol.  of or consisting of diluvium 【地质】洪积(层)的 [Late Latin diluvialis from diluvium DELUGE]

diluvium /daiˈl(j)u:viəm, di-/ n. (pl. diluvia /-viə/) Geol. 【地质】  = DRIFTn. 8  [Latin: see DILUVIAL]

dim /dim/ adj. & v. ●adj. (dimmer, dimmest)  1  a  only faintly luminous or visible; not bright 暗淡的；模糊不清的；昏暗的b  obscure; ill-defined 模糊的；不清的 2  not clearly perceived or remembered (感知或记忆)不清晰 3 colloq.  stupid; slow to understand [口]愚笨的，迟钝的 4 (of the eyes) not seeing clearly (眼睛)朦胧的 ●v. (dimmed, dimming)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become dim or less bright (使)昏暗； (使)朦胧 2 tr. US  dip (headlights) [美]减弱(汽车前灯的)亮度 □ take a dim view of  colloq. [口]  1  disapprove of 不赞同 2  feel gloomy about 对…持悲观看法□ dimly  adv.  □ dimmish  adj.  □ dimness  n.   [Old English dim, dimm, of unknown origin]

dim. abbr. [缩略]  diminuendo 

dime /daim/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a ten-cent coin 10 分(一角)硬币 2 colloq.  a small amount of money [口]少量钱 □ a dime a dozen   very cheap or commonplace 十分便宜；不稀罕□ on a dime  N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  within a small area or short distance 在小范围(或近距离)内 2  quickly, instantly 立即 [Middle English (originally = tithe) via Old French disme from Latin decima pars ‘tenth part’]

dime novel n. N. Amer.  a cheap popular novel [北美]廉价通俗小说

dimension /diˈmenʃ(ə)n, dai-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a measurable extent of any kind, as length, breadth, depth (长、宽、深)尺寸 2 (in pl. 用复数)  size, scope, extent 大小；范围；程度 3  an aspect or facet of a situation, problem, etc. (形势、难题等的)范围；方面 4 Algebra  one of a number of unknown or variable quantities contained as factors in a product 【代数】次，元，度(数)，维(数)  x3, x2y, xyz, are all of three dimensions  x3, x2y, xyz 都是三维的 5 Physics  the product of mass, length, time, etc., raised to the appropriate power, in a derived physical quantity 【物理学】(质量、长度、时间等)量纲 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 dimensioned adj.)  mark the dimensions on (a diagram etc.) 标出(图表等)尺寸(的) □ dimensional  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ dimensionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin dimensio -onis (as DI-2, metiri mensus ‘measure’)]

dimer /ˈdaimə/ n. Chem.  a compound consisting of two identical molecules linked together (cf. 参见 MONOMER) 【化】二聚物，二分子聚合物 □ dimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [DI-1 + -mer on the pattern of POLYMER]

dimerize /ˈdaiməraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  convert or be converted to a dimer 【化】(使)二聚 , (使)成为二聚物 □ dimerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dimerous /ˈdim(ə)rəs/ adj. (of a plant) having two parts in a whorl etc. (植物轮生体等)二基数的 [modern Latin dimerus from Greek dimerēs ‘bipartite’]

dimeter /ˈdimitə/ n. Prosody  a line of verse consisting of two metrical feet 【诗体】二音步(或二步格)诗行 [Late Latin dimetrus from Greek dimetros (as DI-1, metron ‘measure’)]

dimethylsulphoxide /daiˌmi:θailsʌlˈfɒksaid/ n. (US [美] dimethylsulfoxide) Chem.  a colourless liquid used as a solvent and in medicine esp. to treat inflammation (abbr. 缩略 : DMSO)Chem. formula 化学分子式 : (CH3)2SO 【化】(尤指治疗炎症的)二甲基亚砜

dimetrodon /daiˈmi:trədɒn/ n.  a large carnivorous quadrupedal reptile of the genus Dimetrodon, of the Permian period, with long spines on its back forming a sail-like crest 异齿龙(异齿龙属，生活在二叠纪的大型食肉性四足爬行动物，背椎处具有一个大背帆) [modern Latin from DI-1 + Greek metron ‘measure’ + odous odont- ‘tooth’ (taken in sense ‘two long teeth’)]

diminish /diˈminiʃ/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become smaller or less (使)减少； (使)变小 2 tr.  lessen the reputation or influence of (a person) 削弱(某人)的权势；降低(某人)的声誉；贬低 □ diminishable  adj.   [Middle English, blending of earlier minish from Old French menusier ultimately from Latin, and diminue from Old French diminuer MINUTIA, from Latin diminuere diminut- ‘break up small’]

diminished /diˈminiʃt/ adj.  1  reduced; made smaller or less 经缩减的；减少了的 2 Mus. (of an interval, usu. a seventh or fifth) less by a semitone than the corresponding minor or perfect interval 【音】(通常 7 度或 5 度音程)音程减的；减半音的

diminished responsibility n. Brit.  the limitation of criminal responsibility on the ground of mental weakness or abnormality [英] (因弱智或变态而)减轻(的刑事)责任

diminuendo /diˌminjʊˈendəʊ/ n., adv., adj. & v. Mus. 【音】  ●n. (pl. -os or diminuendi /-di/)  1  a gradual decrease in loudness (在音量上)渐弱 2  a passage to be performed with such a decrease 渐弱的段落 ●adv. & adj.  with a gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱地(的) ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  decrease gradually in loudness or intensity (声响、强度)渐弱 [Italian, part. of diminuire DIMINISH]

diminution /dimiˈnju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of diminishing 减少；降低b  the amount by which something diminishes 缩减量 2 Mus.  the repetition of a passage in notes shorter than those originally used 【音】减值 , (音值的)缩小 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diminutio -onis (as DIMINISH)]

diminutive /diˈminjʊtiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  remarkably small; tiny 非常小的，微小的 2 Gram. (of a word or suffix) implying smallness, either actual or imputed in token of affection, scorn, etc. (e.g. 如 -let, -kins) 【语法】(词或后缀)指小的 , (实际上小的或表达好感或轻视等而说小的) ●n. Gram.  a diminutive word or suffix 【语法】指小词；指小词缀 □ diminutival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ diminutively  adv.  □ diminutiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French diminutif, -ive from Late Latin diminutivus (as DIMINISH)]

dimissory /ˈdimis(ə)ri/ adj.  1  ordering or permitting to depart 免职的；准许离去的 2 Eccl.  granting permission for a candidate to be ordained outside the bishop's own see 【教会】准许调往(迁往)其他教区任职的  dimissory letters  牧师转出教区的许可状 [Middle English from Late Latin dimissorius, from dimittere dimiss- ‘send away’ (as DI-2, mittere ‘send’)]

dimity /ˈdimiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a cotton fabric woven with stripes or checks 麻纱；条格细棉布 [Middle English via Italian dimito or medieval Latin dimitum from Greek dimitos (as DI-1, mitos ‘warp-thread’)]

dimmer /ˈdimə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 dimmer switch)  a device for varying the brightness of an electric light 减光器，变光器，调光器 2 US [美]  a (in pl. 用复数)  small parking lights on a motor vehicle (汽车的)停车小灯b  a headlight on low beam (汽车大灯的)低光束

dimorphic /daiˈmɔ:fik/ adj. (also 亦作 dimorphous /daiˈmɔ:fəs/) Biol., Chem. & Mineral.  exhibiting, or occurring in, two distinct forms 【生】【化】【矿】二形的；二态的；双晶的 □ dimorphism  n.   [Greek dimorphos (as DI-1, morphē ‘form’)]

dimple /ˈdimp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a small hollow or dent in the flesh, esp. in the cheeks or chin (尤指两颊、下巴的)酒窝，靥 ●v.  1 intr.  produce or show dimples 现笑靥 2 tr.  produce dimples in (a cheek etc.) 使(面颊等)现笑靥 □ dimply  adj.   [Middle English probably from Old English, from a Germanic root dump-, perhaps a nasalized form related to DEEP]

dim sum /dim ˈsʌm/ n. (also 亦作 dim sim /ˈsim/)  a Chinese dish of small steamed or fried savoury dumplings containing various fillings, served as a snack or course 点心(里面包有各种各样的馅，或蒸或炸，个小而美味，作为零食或一道菜) [Cantonese tím sam, from tím ‘dot’ + sam ‘heart’]

dimwit /ˈdimwit/ n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜 □ dim-witted  adj.  

DIN /din/ n.  any of a series of technical standards originating in Germany and used internationally, esp. to designate electrical connections, film speeds, and paper sizes 德国工业标准(亦为国际通用，尤表明电气连接、胶卷感光度以及纸张尺寸) [German, from Deutsche Industrie-Norm]

din /din/ n. & v. ●n.  a prolonged loud and distracting noise 喧闹声，嘈杂声 ●v. (dinned, dinning)  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  instil (something to be learnt) by constant repetition (要记住的某事)再三叮嘱，三番五次地告诫 2 intr.  make a din 发出喧闹声 [Old English dyne, dynn, dynian, from Germanic]

dinar /ˈdi:nɑ:/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of the states of the former Yugoslavia 第纳尔(前南斯拉夫的主要货币单位) 2  the chief monetary unit of certain countries of the Middle East and N. Africa 第纳尔(中东和北非一些国家的主要货币单位) [Arabic & Persian dīnɑˉr via Greek dēnarion from Latin denarius: see DENIER]

din-din /ˈdindin/ n. (also 亦作 din-dins) colloq.  a jocular or child's word for dinner [口]开吃；饭饭(正餐的诙谐或儿童用语) [reduplication of first syllable of DINNER]

dine /dain/ v.  1 intr.  a  eat dinner 吃饭，进餐b (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  eat for dinner 进正餐 2 tr.  give dinner to 设宴款待，宴请 □ dine out   1  dine away from home 外出进餐 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  be entertained to dinner etc. on account of (one's ability to relate an interesting event, story, etc.) 吃请，靠着(成就、声望)被人请进餐；靠着(某事迹、某新闻等)而在社交界多有饭局应酬 [Middle English from Old French diner, disner, ultimately from DIS- + Late Latin jejunare from jejunus ‘fasting’]

diner /ˈdainə/ n.  1  a person who dines, esp. in a restaurant (尤指饭馆的)用餐者 2  a railway dining car (火车上的)餐车 3 N. Amer.  a small restaurant, esp. one resembling a dining car [北美] (尤指类似餐车的)小餐馆 4  a small dining room 小饭店

dinero /diˈnɛərəʊ/ n. US slang  money, cash [美] [俚语]钱，现金

dinette /daiˈnet/ n.  1  a small room or part of a room used for eating meals (厨房旁的)小餐室 2 N. Amer.  a set of table and chairs for this [北美] (小餐室里的)一套就餐桌椅

ding1 /diŋ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a ringing sound 鸣钟，丁当作响 ●n.  a ringing sound, as of a bell 钟声，丁当声 [imitative: influenced by DIN]

ding2 /diŋ/ n. Austral. slang  a party or celebration, esp. a wild one [澳] [俚语] (尤指闹哄哄的)社交活动(或庆典) [perhaps from DING-DONG or WINGDING]

ding-a-ling /ˈdiŋəliŋ/ n.  1  the sound of a bell 铃声 2 N. Amer.  an eccentric or stupid person [北美]怪人；傻子，笨人

Ding an sich /ˌdiŋ æn ˈzix, 德 ˈziç/ n. Philos.  a thing in itself 【哲】自在之物 [German]

dingbat /ˈdiŋbæt/ n. slang [俚语]  1 N. Amer. & Austral.  a stupid or eccentric person [北美] [澳]蠢人，怪人 2 (in pl. 用复数) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  a  madness 疯狂b  discomfort, unease 不适，不安  gives me the dingbats  令我不安 [19th c., in early use applied to various vaguely specified objects: perhaps from ding ‘to beat’ + BAT1, influenced by BAT2, BATTY]

ding-dong /ˈdiŋdɒŋ, diŋˈdɒŋ/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  the sound of alternate chimes, as of two bells 叮当，叮咚 2 Brit. colloq.  an intense argument or fight [英口]激烈的争论(或打斗) 3 Brit. colloq.  a riotous party [英口]喧闹的(狂欢的)集会 ●adj. (of a contest etc.) evenly matched and intensely waged; thoroughgoing (竞赛等)旗鼓相当的，激烈的；彻头彻尾的 ●adv. Brit.  with vigour and energy [英]精力充沛地  hammer away at it ding-dong  起劲地干起来 [16th c.: imitative]

dinge /din(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a dent or hollow caused by a blow 打击留下的凹痕(或窟窿) ●v. tr.  make such a dent in 打出凹痕 [17th c.: origin unknown]

dinghy /ˈdiŋɡi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small boat carried by a ship (舰船上的)小舟，小划艇 2  a small pleasure boat 小游艇 3  a small inflatable rubber boat (esp. for emergency use) (尤指供紧急情况下用的)充气橡皮筏 [originally a rowing boat used on Indian rivers, from Hindi ḍīṅgī, ḍēṅgī]

dingle /ˈdiŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a deep wooded valley or dell 有树木的峡谷；(树木掩隐的)幽谷 [Middle English: origin unknown]

dingo /ˈdiŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a wild or half-domesticated Australian dog, Canis dingo 澳洲野犬 2 Austral. slang  a coward or scoundrel [澳] [俚语]懦夫，坏蛋 [Dharuk din-gu or dayn-gu ‘domesticated dingo’]

dingy /ˈdin(d)ʒi/ adj. (dingier, dingiest)  dirty-looking, drab, dull-coloured 肮脏的；邋遢的； (颜色)暗淡的 □ dingily  adv.  □ dinginess  n.   [perhaps ultimately from Old English dynge DUNG]

dining car n.  a railway carriage equipped as a restaurant (火车上的)餐车

dining hall n.  a hall in which meals are eaten (大)餐厅，饭厅

dining room n.  a room in which meals are eaten 餐室，餐厅

dining table n.  a table on which meals are served in a dining room 餐桌

dink /diŋk/ n.  = DINKY2 

dinkum /ˈdiŋkəm/ adj. Austral. & NZ colloq.  genuine, right [澳新口]真正的；正确的 □ fair dinkum   1  fair play 正大光明地比赛 2  genuine(ly), honest(ly), true, truly 真实的(地；) 诚实的(地；) 真正的(地) [19th c.: origin unknown]

dinkum oil n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  the honest truth [澳新口]真情实况，真相

dinky1 /ˈdiŋki/ adj. (dinkier, dinkiest) colloq. [口]  1 Brit. (esp. of a thing) neat and attractive; small, dainty [英] (尤指物)整洁的；吸引人的；极小的 2 N. Amer.  trifling, insignificant [北美]微不足道的，不重要的 [Scots dink ‘neat, trim’, of unknown origin]

dinky2 /ˈdiŋki/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a well-off young working couple with no children 丁客族(富裕而无子女的上班夫妇) 2  either partner of this 丁客族中的一员 [contraction of double income no kids + -Y2]

dinner /ˈdinə/ n.  1  the main meal of the day, taken either at midday or in the evening (中午或晚上的)正餐 2  a formal evening meal, often in honour of a person or event (为款待某人或纪念某事的)正式晚宴 [Middle English from Old French diner, disner: see DINE]

dinner dance n.  a formal dinner followed by dancing 结束后安排跳舞的正式宴会

dinner jacket n.  a man's short usu. black formal jacket for evening wear 男子餐服，小礼服(通常黑色)

dinner lady n. Brit.  a woman who supervises children's lunch in a school [英]管理在校学生中餐的妇女

dinner party n.  a party to which guests are invited to eat dinner together 宴会

dinner service n.  a set of usu. matching crockery for serving a meal 一套(通常相称的)西餐具

dinner time n.  the time at which dinner is customarily eaten (通常的)正餐时间

dinoflagellate /dainə(ʊ)ˈflædʒəleit/ n.  a unicellular aquatic organism with two flagella, of a group variously classed as algae and protozoa 腰鞭毛虫 [modern Latin Dinoflagellata, from Greek dinos ‘whirling’ + Latin FLAGELLUM]

dinosaur /ˈdainəsɔ:/ n.  1  an extinct reptile of the Mesozoic era, often of enormous size 恐龙 2  a large unwieldy system or organization, esp. one not adapting to new conditions (尤指一个不能适应新环境的)臃肿的体制(或机构) □ dinosaurian  /-ˈsɔ:riən/ adj. & n.   [modern Latin dinosaurus, from Greek deinos ‘terrible’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

dinothere var.  of DEINOTHERE  DEINOTHERE 的变体

dint /dint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dent 凹痕 2 archaic  a blow or stroke [古义]打，一击 ●v. tr.  mark with dints 击出凹痕 □ by dint of   by force or means of 凭借(…的力量；) 由于 [Middle English from Old English dynt, and partly from cognate Old Norse dyntr: ultimate origin unknown]

diocesan /daiˈɒsis(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning a diocese (有关)教区的 ●n.  the bishop of a diocese 主教 [Middle English via French diocésain from Late Latin diocesanus (as DIOCESE)]

diocese /ˈdaiəsis/ n.  a district under the pastoral care of a bishop (主教)教区 [Middle English via Old French diocise, Late Latin diocesis, and Latin dioecesis from Greek dioikēsis ‘administration’ (as DI-3, oikeō ‘inhabit’)]

diode /ˈdaiəʊd/ n. Electronics 【电子学】  1  a semiconductor allowing the flow of current in one direction only and having two terminals (半导体)二极管 2  a thermionic valve having two electrodes 二极热离子管 [DI-1 + ELECTRODE]

dioecious /daiˈi:ʃəs/ adj.  1 Bot.  having male and female organs on separate plants 【植】雌雄异株的 2 Zool.  having the two sexes in separate individuals (cf. 参见 MONOECIOUS) 【动】雌雄异体的 [DI-1 + Greek -oikos ‘-housed’]

dioestrus /daiˈi:strəs/ n. (US [美] diestrus)  an interval between periods of oestrus 间情期

diol /ˈdaiɒl/ n. Chem.  any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups in each molecule 【化】二醇 [DI-1 + -OL1]

Dionysiac /daiəˈniziæk/ adj. (also 亦作 Dionysian /-ziən/)  1  wildly sensual; unrestrained 耽于声色的；无节制的 2 (in Greek mythology) of or relating to Dionysus, the Greek god of wine, or his worship (希腊神话中的) (有关)酒神节的； (有关)希腊酒神狄俄尼索斯的； (有关)对酒神崇拜的 [Late Latin Dionysiacus via Latin Dionysus from Greek Dionusos]

Diophantine equation /daiə(ʊ)ˈfæntin, -tain/ n. Math.  an equation with integral coefficients for which integral solutions are required 【数】丢番图方程 [named after Diophantus of Alexandria, mathematician c. 3rd century]

dioptre /daiˈɒptə/ n. (US [美] diopter) Optics  a unit of refractive power of a lens, equal to the reciprocal of its focal length in metres 【光学】屈光度，折光度(透镜折射力单位) [French dioptre via Latin dioptra from Greek: see DIOPTRIC]

dioptric /daiˈɒptrik/ adj. Optics 【光学】  1  serving as a medium for sight; assisting sight by refraction 折光度的，借屈光矫正视力的  dioptric glass  屈光玻璃 dioptric lens  屈光透镜 2  of refraction; refractive 屈光的，折光的 [Greek dioptrikos from dioptra, a kind of theodolite]

dioptrics /daiˈɒptriks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数) Optics  the part of optics that deals with refraction 【光学】折光学，屈光学

diorama /daiəˈrɑ:mə/ n.  1  a scenic painting in which changes in colour and direction of illumination simulate a sunrise etc. (模仿日出等的)透景画 2  a small representation of a scene with three-dimensional figures, viewed through a window etc. 西洋景(通过小孔等观看三维图形) 3  a small-scale model or film set 微型立体景(或电影布景) □ dioramic  /-ˈræmik/ adj.   [DI-3 + Greek horama -atos from horaō ‘see’]

diorite /ˈdaiərait/ n. Geol.  a coarse-grained plutonic igneous rock containing quartz 【地质】闪长岩 □ dioritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [French, from Greek diorizō ‘distinguish’]

dioxan /daiˈɒksæn/ n. (also 亦作 dioxane /-ein/) Chem.  a colourless toxic liquid used as a solvent Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H8O2 【化】二噁烷，二氧杂环己烷(用作溶剂)

dioxide /daiˈɒksaid/ n. Chem.  an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen which are not linked together 【化】二氧化物  carbon dioxide  二氧化碳

dioxin /daiˈɒksin/ n. Chem.  any of a class of cyclic compounds produced as chemical by-products, esp. the highly toxic tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (TCDD) 【化】二噁英(尤指毒性极强的四氯二苯并 -p- 二噁英)

DIP /dip/ n. Computing  a form of integrated circuit consisting of a small plastic or ceramic slab with two parallel rows of pins 【计算】双列直插式(封装)组件 [acronym from dual in-line package]

Dip. abbr. [缩略]  Diploma 

dip /dip/ v. & n. ●v. (dipped, dipping)  1 tr.  put or let down briefly into liquid etc.; immerse 浸，蘸(液体等)；使浸没 2 intr.  a  go below a surface or level (下)沉；沉没  the sun dipped below the horizon  太阳落到地平线下b (of a level of income, activity, etc.) decline slightly, esp. briefly (收入、活动等尤指短暂地)小幅度下降  profits dipped in May  5 月份利润小幅下跌 3 intr.  extend downwards; take or have a downward slope 向下扩展；向下倾斜  the road dips after the bend  过了弯道路面往下倾斜 4 intr.  go under water and emerge quickly 没于水中又快速浮现 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  a  read briefly from (a book etc.) 随便翻阅，浏览(书等)b  take a cursory interest in (a subject) (对某个题目)涉猎；稍加探究 6 (foll. by 后跟 into)  a intr.  put a hand, ladle, etc., into a container to take something out (用手、勺子等)舀取b tr.  put (a hand etc.) into a container to do this (为取某物)把(手等)伸入c intr.  spend from or make use of one's resources 花钱；解囊捐助  dipped into our savings  花掉了我们的积蓄 7 tr. & intr.  lower or be lowered, esp. in salute 稍微降下(尤指行屈膝礼) 8 tr. Brit.  lower the beam of (a vehicle's headlights) to reduce dazzle [英]把(汽车前灯的)远光调为近光 9 tr.  colour (a fabric) by immersing it in dye 浸染(织物) 10 tr.  wash (sheep) by immersion in a vermin-killing liquid 给(绵羊)洗药浴 11 tr.  make (a candle) by immersing a wick briefly in hot tallow (浸烛芯于融脂中)制造(蜡烛) 12 tr.  baptize by immersion 施浸礼 13 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out of)  remove or scoop up (liquid, grain, etc., or something from liquid) 舀取(液体、谷物等)；(从液体中)掏取(某物) ●n.  1  an act of dipping or being dipped 浸；蘸 2  a liquid into which something is dipped 浸液 3  a brief bathe in the sea, river, etc. (在海、河等中的)洗澡 4  a brief downward slope, followed by an upward one, in a road etc. (路面等)起伏；倾斜；斜度 5  a sauce or dressing into which food is dipped before eating 沙司，沙司调料 6  a depression in the skyline 下沉；下落 7 Astron. & Surveying  the apparent depression of the horizon from the line of observation, due to the curvature of the earth 【天】【测量学】视倾斜 8 Physics  the angle made with the horizontal at any point by the earth's magnetic field 【物理学】倾角；磁倾角 9 Geol.  the angle a stratum makes with the horizon 【地质】(地层与水平线的)倾角 10 slang  a pickpocket [俚语]扒手 11 US slang  a foolish or bumbling person [美] [俚语]蠢人，笨手笨脚的人 12  a quantity dipped up 舀出量；吸取物 13  a candle made by dipping 蜡烛 □ dip out  Austral. slang  fail; miss an opportunity [澳] [俚语]失败；错过机会 [Old English dyppan from Germanic: related to DEEP]

Dip. A.D. abbr. Brit.  Diploma in Art and Design [缩略] [英]美术与设计文凭

Dip. Ed. /dipˈed/ abbr. Brit.  Diploma in Education [缩略] [英]教育学文凭

dipeptide /daiˈpeptaid/ n. Biochem.  a peptide formed by the combination of two amino acids 【生化】二肽，缩二氨酸

Dip. H.E. abbr. Brit.  Diploma of Higher Education [缩略] [英]高等教育学文凭

diphosphate /daiˈfɒsfeit/ n. Chem.  a compound with two phosphate groups in the molecule, or a salt with two phosphate anions per cation 【化】二磷酸盐(或酯)

diphtheria /difˈθiəriə, disp. [异议] dip-/ n.  an acute infectious bacterial disease with inflammation of a mucous membrane esp. of the throat, resulting in the formation of a false membrane causing difficulty in breathing and swallowing (尤指喉头粘膜发炎的)白喉 □ diphtherial  adj.  □ diphtheric  /-ˈθerik/ adj.  □ diphtheritic  /-θəˈritik/ adj.  □ diphtheroid  /ˈdifθərɔid/ adj.   [modern Latin via French diphthérie, earlier diphthérite from Greek diphthera ‘skin, hide’]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given is considered incorrect by some people. 一些人认为所给的第二种发音不正确。 

diphthong /ˈdifθɒŋ/ n.  1  a speech sound in one syllable in which the articulation begins as for one vowel and moves towards another (as in 如 coin, loud, and side) 二合元音，复元音 2  a  a digraph representing the sound of a diphthong or single vowel (as in 如 feat) 二合元音字母b  a compound vowel character; a ligature (as 如 œ) 元音连字 □ diphthongal  /-ˈθɒŋɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [French diphtongue via Late Latin diphthongus from Greek diphthoggos (as DI-1, phthoggos ‘voice’)]

diphthongize /ˈdifθɒŋaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  pronounce as a diphthong (使)二合元音化；(使)复元音化 □ diphthongization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

diplo- /ˈdipləʊ/ comb. form  double [构词成分]复，双，二倍 [Greek diplous ‘double’]

diplococcus /diplə(ʊ)ˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. diplococci /-k(s)ai, -k(s)i:/) Biol.  any coccus that occurs mainly in pairs 【生】双球菌

diplodocus /diˈplɒdəkəs/ n.  a huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus Diplodocus, of the Jurassic period, with a long neck and long slender tail 梁龙(侏罗纪食草动物，梁龙属，颈长，尾细长) [DIPLO- + Greek dokos ‘wooden beam’]

diploid /ˈdiplɔid/ adj. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●adj. (of an organism or cell) having two complete sets of chromosomes per cell (生物体或细胞)双的，重的；二倍的 ●n.  a diploid cell or organism 二倍染色体；二倍体 [German (as DIPLO-, -OID)]

diploidy /ˈdiplɔidi/ n. Biol.  the condition of being diploid 【生】二倍性

diploma /diˈpləʊmə/ n.  1  a certificate of qualification awarded by a college etc. (学院等授予的)文凭；毕业证书 2  a document conferring an honour or privilege 奖状；特许证 3  a state paper; an official document; a charter 公文；文件；执照 □ diplomaed  /-məd/ adj. (also 亦作 diploma'd)   [Latin from Greek diplōma -atos ‘folded paper’, via diploō ‘to fold’ from diplous ‘double’]

diplomacy /diˈpləʊməsi/ n.  1  a  the management of international relations 外交b  expertise in this 外交手段 2  adroitness in personal relations; tact 交际手段；策略 [French diplomatie, from diplomatique DIPLOMATIC, on the pattern of aristocratiē ‘aristocracy’]

diplomat /ˈdipləmæt/ n.  1  an official representing a country abroad; a member of a diplomatic service 外交官；外交人员 2  a tactful person 机智圆滑的人 [French diplomate, back-formation from diplomatique: see DIPLOMATIC]

diplomate /ˈdipləmeit/ n. esp. US  a person who holds a diploma, esp. in medicine [尤美]毕业文凭(或执照)持有者(尤指持有医师资格证书的人)

diplomatic /dipləˈmætik/ adj.  1  a  of or involved in diplomacy 外交的；从事外交的b  skilled in diplomacy 擅长外交的 2  tactful; adroit in personal relations 机敏的；(人际关系中)八面玲珑的 3 (of an edition etc.) exactly reproducing the original (版本等)仿真本的；不改真本原样的 □ diplomatically  adv.   [modern Latin diplomaticus and French diplomatique from Latin DIPLOMA]

diplomatic bag n. Brit.  a container in which official mail etc. is dispatched to or from an embassy, not usu. subject to customs inspection [英]外交邮袋(或信袋等) (通常不受海关检查)

diplomatic corps n.  the body of diplomats representing other countries at a seat of government 外交使团

diplomatic immunity n.  the exemption of diplomatic staff abroad from arrest, taxation, etc. (免于逮捕、税收等的)外交豁免权

diplomatic pouch n. US [美]  = DIPLOMATIC BAG 

diplomatic service n. Brit.  the branch of public service concerned with the representation of a country abroad [英]外交部门

diplomatist /diˈpləʊmətist/ n.  = DIPLOMAT 

diplont /ˈdiplɒnt/ n. Biol.  an animal or plant which has a diploid number of chromosomes in its cells (other than gametes) 【生】二倍性生物；二倍体 [DIPLO- + Greek ont-, stem of ōn ‘being’]

diplopia /diˈpləʊpiə/ n. Med.  double vision 【医】复视

diplotene /ˈdiplə(ʊ)ti:n/ n. Biol.  a stage during the prophase of meiosis where paired chromosomes begin to separate 【生】双线期 [DIPLO- + Greek tainia ‘band’]

dipolar /daiˈpəʊlə/ adj.  having two poles, as in a magnet 偶极的；两极(性)的

dipole /ˈdaipəʊl/ n.  1 Physics  two equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance 【物理学】偶极子 2 Chem.  a molecule in which a concentration of positive charges is separated from a concentration of negative charges 【化】偶极 3  an aerial consisting of a horizontal metal rod with a connecting wire at its centre 偶极天线

dipole moment n. Physics  the product of the separation of the charges etc. of a dipole and their magnitudes 【物理学】(电荷等分离的)偶极矩；磁偶极矩

dipper /ˈdipə/ n.  1  a diving bird, Cinclus cinclus also called 亦称作 water ouzel 河乌 2  a ladle 长柄勺 3 Brit. colloq.  an Anabaptist or Baptist [英口]再洗礼派教徒；浸礼会教友

dippy /ˈdipi/ adj. (dippier, dippiest) slang  crazy, silly [俚语]疯狂的；傻的 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

dipshit /ˈdipʃit/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a contemptible or inept person [尤北美] [俚语]笨蛋；傻瓜；庸人 [perhaps from DIPPY + SHIT]

dipso /ˈdipsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a dipsomaniac [口]酒鬼 [abbreviation]

dipsomania /dipsə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  an abnormal craving for alcohol 耽酒症；饮酒狂 □ dipsomaniac  /-ˈmeiniæk/ n.   [Greek dipso- from dipsa ‘thirst’ + -MANIA]

dipstick /ˈdipstik/ n.  1  a graduated rod for measuring the depth of a liquid, esp. in a vehicle's engine (尤指测量车辆引擎中油量深度的)浸量尺 2 slang  a foolish or inept person; an idiot [俚语]笨蛋；庸人；傻瓜

DIP switch n.  an arrangement of switches on an electronic device for selecting an operating mode (cf. 参见 DIP) 双列直插式开关

dip switch n. Brit.  a switch for dipping a vehicle's headlight beams [英] (车辆)大灯变光开关

dipteral /ˈdipt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. Archit.  having a double peristyle 【建】四周双列柱廊式的 [Latin dipteros from Greek (as DI-1, pteron ‘wing’)]

dipteran /ˈdipt(ə)r(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a dipterous insect 双翅目昆虫 ●adj.  = DIPTEROUS 1  [modern Latin diptera from Greek diptera, neut. pl. of dipterous ‘two-winged’ (as DI-1, pteron ‘wing’)]

dipterous /ˈdipt(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the insect order Diptera, whose members (the ‘true’ flies) have two membranous wings, the hindwings being reduced to halteres or balancing organs, e.g. houseflies, mosquitoes, etc. 属双翅目的；双翅类的(如家蝇、蚊子等) 2 Bot.  having two winglike appendages 【植】(附属物)似双翅的 [modern Latin dipterus from Greek dipteros: see DIPTERAN]

diptych /ˈdiptik/ n.  1  a painting, esp. an altarpiece, on two hinged usu. wooden panels which may be closed like a book (尤指圣坛背壁通常木板式)可折闭的双连画 2  an ancient writing-tablet consisting of two hinged leaves with waxed inner sides (古代)可折闭的双连书写板 [Late Latin diptycha from Greek diptukha (as DI-1, ptukhē ‘fold’)]

dire /ˈdaiə/ adj.  1  a  calamitous, dreadful 多灾难的；可怕的  in dire straits  灾难事故多发的海峡b  ominous 恶兆的；不祥的  dire warnings  不祥的警报c (作 predic.) Brit. colloq.  very bad [英口]十分不好的 2  urgent 紧急的，急迫的  in dire need  迫切需要 □ direly  adv.  □ direness  n.   [Latin dirus]

direct /diˈrekt, dai-/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  extending or moving in a straight line or by the shortest route; not crooked or circuitous 笔直的，径直的；最近的 2  a  straightforward; going straight to the point 直截了当的；中肯的，切题的b  frank; not ambiguous 率直的，坦率的 3  without intermediaries or the intervention of other factors 直接的  direct rule  直接统治 the direct result  直接后果 made a direct approach  直接接触 4 (of descent) lineal, not collateral (血统)直系的 5  exact, complete, greatest possible (esp. where contrast is implied) (尤指在一种隐含的对比中)正好的；截然的  the direct opposite  截然相反 6 Astron. (of planetary etc. motion) proceeding from west to east; not retrograde 【天】(行星等运动)顺行的 ●adv.  1  without an intermediary or intervening factor 直接地  dealt with them direct  直接和他们打交道 2  by a direct route 径直地  send it direct to London  直送伦敦 ●v. tr.  1  control, guide; govern the movements of 管理；指导；监督 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  give a formal order or command to 指示，命令 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  address or give indications for the delivery of (a letter etc.) 在(信封等)上书写姓名地址b  tell or show (a person) the way to a destination 给(某人)指路 4 (foll. by 后跟 at, to, towards)  a  point, aim, or cause (a blow or missile) to move in a certain direction 把(打击或导弹)对准某一目标；使朝某一方向转动b  point or address (one's attention, a remark, etc.) (某人的注意力、评论等)针对；对准；指向 5  guide as an adviser, as a principle, etc. (作为顾问、作为原则等)指导；引导  I do as duty directs me  职责使我这样做 6  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  supervise the performing, staging, etc., of (a film, play, etc.) (电影、戏剧等的)导演(表演、演剧技巧等)b  supervise the performance of (an actor etc.) (对演员等)导演指示 7 (also absol. [亦含宾])  guide the performance of (a group of musicians), esp. as a participant 指挥(乐团) (尤指作为一名参与者) □ directness  n.   [Middle English from Latin directus, past part. of dirigere direct- (as DI-2, regere ‘put straight’)]

direct access n.  the facility of retrieving data immediately from any part of a computer file 直接存储；随机存取

direct action n.  action such as a strike or sabotage directly affecting the public and meant to reinforce demands on a government, employer, etc. (向政府、资方等的)直接行动

direct address n. Computing  an address (see 见 ADDRESS n. 1c) which specifies the location of data to be used in an operation 【计算】直接地(位)址(操作时数据储存地址)

direct current n.  an electric current flowing in one direction only (abbr. 缩略 : DC, dc) 直流电

direct debit n. Brit.  an arrangement for the prompt and regular debiting of a bank account at the request of the payee [英]直接借记

direct dialling n.  the facility of dialling a telephone number without making use of the operator 直拨，直接拨号 □ direct dial  attrib. adj.  

direct-grant school n. hist. (in the UK) a school receiving funds from the Government and not from a local authority [史义] (英国)由政府直接拨款的学校

direction /diˈrekʃ(ə)n, dai-/ n.  1  the act or process of directing; supervision 指挥；指导；监督；管理 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an order or instruction, esp. each of a set guiding use of equipment etc. 命令，指示； (尤指指导器具使用的)用法说明 3  a  the course or line along which a person or thing moves or looks, or which must be taken to reach a destination 方向；方针b (in pl. 用复数)  guidance on how to reach a destination (行路的)指引c  the point to or from which a person or thing moves or looks 方位；方向 4  the tendency or scope of a theme, subject, or inquiry (题目、学科探访的)趋势，领域 □ directionless  adj.   [Middle English from French direction or Latin directio (as DIRECT)]

directional /diˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, dai-/ adj.  1  of or indicating direction (表示)方向的 2 Electronics 【电子学】  a  concerned with the transmission of radio or sound waves in a particular direction 指向的b (of equipment) designed to receive radio or sound waves most effectively from a particular direction or directions and not others (设备)定向的 □ directionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ directionally  adv.  

direction-finder n.  a device for determining the source of radio waves, esp. as an aid in navigation (无线电)探向器(尤指作为航海的辅助手段)

directive /diˈrektiv, dai-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a general instruction from one in authority 指示；命令 ●adj.  serving to direct 指示的；指导的 [Middle English from medieval Latin directivus (as DIRECT)]

directly /diˈrektli, dai-/ adv. & conj. ●adv.  1  a  at once; without delay 马上；直接地；立即b  presently, shortly 当即，立刻 2  exactly, immediately 正好；紧接(地)  directly opposite  正好相反 directly after lunch  就在中饭后 3  in a direct manner 率直地，坦率地 ●conj. Brit. colloq.  as soon as [英口]一…就  will tell you directly they come  他们一到就立即告诉你

direct mail n.  advertising sent unsolicited through the post to prospective customers 直接邮寄广告；直接邮件 □ direct mailing  n.  

direct method n.  a system of teaching a foreign language using only that language and without the study of formal grammar (外语教学中不学习常规语法的)直接教学法

direct object n.  the primary object of the action of a transitive verb 直接宾语

Directoire /diˈrektwɑ:/ adj. Needlework & Art  in imitation of styles prevalent during the French Directory 【刺绣】【艺术】法国督政府时期风格的；华丽的 [French (as DIRECTORY)]

Directoire drawers n. pl. (also 亦作 Directoire knickers) Brit.  knickers which are straight, full, and knee-length [英] (长及膝盖的)短衬裤

director /diˈrektə, dai-/ n.  1  a person who directs or controls something 主任，主管 2  a member of the managing board of a commercial company 董事，理事 3  a person who directs a film etc., esp. professionally (尤指专业的电影等)导演 4  a spiritual adviser 神父 5  = MUSICAL DIRECTOR  □ directorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ directorship  n. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)   [Anglo-French directour from Late Latin director ‘governor’ (as DIRECT)]

directorate /diˈrekt(ə)rət, dai-/ n.  1  a board of directors 董事会，理事会 2  the office of director 主管(或董事、导演等)的职位

director-general n. (pl. director-generals) esp. Brit.  the chief executive of a large (esp. public) organization [尤英] (尤指政府机构的)总裁；局长；总督

director of public prosecutions n. Brit. [英]  = PUBLIC PROSECUTOR 

directory /diˈrekt(ə)ri, dai-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a book listing alphabetically or thematically a particular group of individuals (e.g. telephone subscribers) or organizations with various details 姓名地址录(如电话用户) 2  a computer file listing other files or programs etc. 计算机文件(程序等)目录 3 (作 Directory) hist.  the revolutionary executive of five persons in power in France 1795 － 99 [史义] (法国 1795 至 1799 年间 5 人的)督政府 4  a book of rules, esp. for the order of private or public worship (尤指私人或公众崇拜的)规则书；礼拜程序大全 [Late Latin directorium (as DIRECT)]

directory enquiries n. pl. (N. Amer. [北美] directory assistance)  a telephone service providing a subscriber's number on request 电话查号台，电话查询服务

direct proportion n.  a relation between quantities whose ratio is constant 正比(例)

directress /diˈrektris, dai-/ n. (also 亦作 directrice)  a woman director 女主管；女署长；女经理；女导演 [DIRECTOR, French directrice (as DIRECTRIX)]

directrix /diˈrektriks, dai-/ n. (pl. directrices /-trisi:z/) Geom.  a fixed line used in describing a curve or surface 【几】准线 [medieval Latin from Late Latin director: see DIRECTOR, -TRIX]

direct speech n.  words actually spoken, not reported in the third person (opp. 反义 REPORTED SPEECH) 直接引语

direct tax n.  a tax levied on the person who ultimately bears the burden of it, esp. on income (尤指收入的)直接税

direful /ˈdaiəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. literary  terrible, dreadful [文学用语]可怕的；悲惨的 □ direfully  adv.   [DIRE + -FUL]

dirge /dɜ:dʒ/ n.  1  a lament for the dead, esp. forming part of a funeral service (尤指丧葬仪式中的)挽歌，哀乐 2  any mournful song or lament 悲哀的歌；哀悼 □ dirgeful  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dirige (imperative) ‘direct’, the first word of an antiphon (Psalm 5:8) used in the Latin Office for the Dead]

dirham /ˈdiərhəm/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Morocco and the United Arab Emirates 迪拉姆(摩洛哥、阿联酋的货币单位) [Arabic, from Latin DRACHMA]

dirigible /ˈdiridʒib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  capable of being guided 可驾驶的；可操纵的 ●n.  a dirigible balloon or airship 可驾驶的气球(或飞艇) [Latin dirigere ‘arrange, direct’: see DIRECT]

dirigisme /ˈdiriʒiz(ə)m/ n.  state control of economic and social matters (国家对经济和社会事务的)干预；统制 □ dirigiste  adj.   [French from diriger DIRECT]

diriment /ˈdirim(ə)nt/ adj. Law  nullifying 【法律】使无效的 [Latin dirimere, from dir- = DIS- + emere ‘take’]

diriment impediment n.  a factor (e.g. the existence of a prior marriage) rendering a marriage null and void from the beginning 结婚障碍(如已婚等)

Dirk /dɜ:k/   德克 [人名]

dirk /dɜ:k/ n.  a short dagger, esp. as formerly worn by Scottish Highlanders (尤指旧时苏格兰高地人佩带的)匕首；短剑 [16th-c. durk, of unknown origin]

dirndl /ˈdɜ:nd(ə)l/ n.  1  a woman's dress styled in imitation of Alpine peasant costume, with close-fitting bodice, tight waistband, and full skirt 阿尔卑斯村姑装(紧身胸衣、束腰和宽松的百褶裙) 2 (in full 全称 dirndl skirt)  a full skirt of this kind 阿尔卑斯村姑裙，紧身连衣裙 [German dialect, diminutive of Dirne ‘girl’]

dirt /dɜ:t/ n.  1  unclean matter that soils 污物；灰尘；尘埃 2  a  earth, soil 泥土；土壤b  earth, cinders, etc., used to make a surface for a road etc. (用于筑路等的)沙土；渣土 usu. 通常作 attrib.: dirt track  煤渣跑道 3  foul or malicious words or talk 下流话；恶言 4  excrement 排泄物；大便 5  a dirty condition 肮脏(状态) 6  a person or thing considered worthless 可鄙的人；毫无用处的东西 □ do a person dirt  slang  harm or injure a person's reputation maliciously [俚语]恶意中伤某人；卑鄙地伤害某人□ eat dirt   1  suffer insults etc. without retaliating 含垢忍辱；忍气吞声 2 US  make a humiliating confession [美]低头屈服(或认输)□ treat like dirt   treat (a person) contemptuously; abuse 视某人如草芥；瞧不起某人 [Middle English from Old Norse drit ‘excrement’]

dirt bike n.  a motorcycle designed for use on unmade roads and tracks, esp. in scrambling (适于在未铺筑的路面上行驶的)泥土路(尤指摩托车越野赛的)摩托车

dirt cheap adj. & adv. colloq.  extremely cheap [口]贱如粪土的(地), 极便宜的(地)

dirt track n.  a course made of rolled cinders, soil, etc., for motorcycle racing or flat racing (以碎渣、泥土等铺成的)煤渣跑道 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : dirt-track race  砟道赛跑 □ dirt-tracker  n.  

dirty /ˈdɜ:ti/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (dirtier, dirtiest)  1  soiled, unclean 肮脏的；污秽的；龌龊的 2  causing one to become dirty 使脏的；污染的  a dirty job  脏活 3  sordid, lewd; morally illicit or questionable 下贱的，下流的；色情的  dirty joke  黄段子 4  unpleasant, nasty 令人憎恨的；卑劣的 5  dishonest, dishonourable, unfair 不诚实的；不道德的；不公平的  dirty play  不讲体育道德的比赛 6 (of weather) rough, squally (天气)狂风暴雨的；起风暴的 7 (of a colour) not pure or clear, dingy (颜色)不鲜明的；暗淡的；泛黄的 8 colloq. (of a nuclear weapon) producing considerable radioactive fallout [口] (核武器)产生大量放射性坠尘的 ●adv. slang [俚语]  1 Brit. (with adjectives expressing magnitude) very [英] (和形容词一道表示程度)很；非常  a dirty great diamond  一枚非常大的钻石 2  dirtily; unfairly 肮脏地；下流地；卑鄙地  play dirty  使用下流手段 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become dirty 弄脏；使污染 □ the dirty end of the stick  esp. Brit. colloq.  the difficult or unpleasant part of an undertaking, situation, etc. [尤英口]企业(或形势等)的艰难(或不合意)□ do the dirty on  Brit. colloq.  play a mean trick on [英口]对…使用下流手段□ dirtily  adv.  □ dirtiness  n.  

dirty dog n. colloq.  a scoundrel; a despicable person [口]坏蛋，恶棍；卑鄙家伙，下流痞子

dirty linen n. colloq.  intimate secrets, esp. of a scandalous nature [口] (尤指带下流性质的)隐私

dirty look n. colloq.  a look of disapproval, anger, or disgust [口]非难的神色；厌恶的表情

dirty money n.  1  money obtained unlawfully or immorally 非法钱财，黑钱 2 Brit.  extra money paid to those who handle dirty materials [英] (处理肮脏物品而发给的)污损补贴金；污物处理补贴金

dirty old man n. colloq.  a lecherous man [口]老色鬼；老淫棍

dirty trick n.  1  a dishonourable and deceitful act 不诚实的行为；卑鄙手段 2 (in pl. 用复数)  underhand political activity, esp. to discredit an opponent (尤指使对手丢脸的)不正当的政治伎俩

dirty weekend n. Brit. colloq.  a weekend spent clandestinely with a lover [英口]和情人私混的周末

dirty word n.  1  an offensive or indecent word 粗鄙字眼，淫秽字眼；脏话 2  a word for something which is disapproved of 忌讳字眼  profit is a dirty word  赚钱是个忌讳字眼

dirty work n.  dishonourable or illegal activity, esp. done clandestinely (尤指暗地里操作的)卑鄙勾当；非法行为

dis /dis/ v. & n. (also 亦作 diss) US slang [美] [俚语] ●v. tr. (dissed, dissing)  put a person down; bad-mouth 贬低；恶意攻击 ●n.  disrespect 不敬；失礼 [abbreviation of DISRESPECT]

dis- /dis/ prefix forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs 构成名词、形容词和动词 :  1  expressing negation (dishonest 不诚实) 表示否定 2  indicating reversal or absence of an action or state (disengage 解脱 ; disbelieve 不信) 表示“颠倒”，“不”，“非”，“相反” 3  indicating removal of a thing or quality (dismember 支解 ; disable 使丧失能力) 表示“除去”，“剥夺” 4  indicating separation (distinguish 区别 ; disperse 驱散) 表示“分离” 5  indicating completeness or intensification of the action (disembowel 取出肠子 ; disgruntled 不满的；不高兴的) 表示“完全”，“强调” 6  indicating expulsion from (disbar 取消律师资格) 表示“驱逐” [Latin dis-, sometimes via Old French des-]

disability /disəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a physical incapacity, either congenital or caused by injury, disease, etc., esp. when limiting a person's ability to work (先天或后天因伤残、疾病等导致尤指身体上的)残疾；伤残 2  a lack of some asset, quality, or attribute, that prevents a person from doing something (因失去资产、质量、特性而)使失去工作能力；无力 3  a legal disqualification 无法定能力；无资格

disable /disˈeib(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  render unable to function 使丧失能力 2 (often as 常作 disabled adj.)  deprive of physical or mental ability, esp. through injury or disease (尤指因伤残、疾病而)有残疾的；丧失能力的 □ disablement  n.  

disablist /disˈeiblist/ adj.  discriminating or prejudiced against disabled people 歧视残疾人的；对残疾人有偏见的

disabuse /disəˈbju:z/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  free from a mistaken idea 解惑；释疑 2  disillusion, undeceive 使醒悟；点破

disaccharide /daiˈsækəraid/ n. Chem.  a sugar whose molecule contains two linked monosaccharides 【化】二糖，双糖

disaccord /disəˈkɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  disagreement, disharmony 不同意；不一致；不和 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  disagree; be at odds 不同意，与…相争 [Middle English from French désaccorder (as ACCORD)]

disadvantage /disədˈvɑ:ntidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unfavourable circumstance or condition 不利；不利条件 2  damage to one's interest or reputation (对某人利益或名誉的)损害 ●v. tr.  cause disadvantage to 使处于不利地位；损害；危害 □ at a disadvantage   in an unfavourable position or aspect 处于不利地位 [Middle English from (Old) French désavantage: see 见 ADVANTAGE]

disadvantaged /disədˈvɑ:ntidʒd/ adj.  placed in unfavourable circumstances (esp. of a person lacking the normal social opportunities) (尤指某人缺少正常的社会机遇)处于不利地位的

disadvantageous /ˌdisædv(ə)nˈteidʒəs/ adj.  1  involving disadvantage 不利的 2  derogatory; discreditable 贬损的；丢脸的 □ disadvantageously  adv.  

disaffected /disəˈfektid/ adj.  1  disloyal, esp. to one's superiors (尤指对上级)不忠的 2  estranged; no longer friendly; discontented 疏远的；不和的；不满的 □ disaffectedly  adv.   [past part. of disaffect, originally = dislike, disorder (as DIS-, AFFECT2)]

disaffection /disəˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  disloyalty 不忠 2  political discontent (政治上)不满

disaffiliate /disəˈfiliˌeit/ v.  1 tr.  end the affiliation of 使脱离；使退出 2 intr.  end one's affiliation 与…结束往来 3 tr. & intr.  detach 分开；分离 □ disaffiliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disaffirm /disəˈfɜ:m/ v. tr. Law 【法律】  1  reverse (a previous decision) 废弃；撤消(早先的决定) 2  repudiate (a settlement) 拒绝(调停) □ disaffirmation  /disˌæfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disafforest /disəˈfɒrist/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  1  clear of forests or trees 砍伐森林(或树木) 2  reduce from the legal status of forest to that of ordinary land 把林地开辟成(不受森林法约束的)普通地 □ disafforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Anglo-Latin disafforestare (as DIS-, AFFOREST)]

disaggregate /disˈæɡriɡeit/ v. tr.  separate into component parts; cease to treat as aggregated 使崩溃；分解 □ disaggregation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disagree /disəˈɡri:/ v. intr. (disagrees, disagreed, disagreeing) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  hold a different opinion 意见不合；不同意 2  quarrel 争吵 3 (of factors or circumstances) not correspond (要素、详情)不符合 4  have an adverse effect upon (a person's health, digestion, etc.) (对人的健康、消化等)不适宜；有害 □ disagreement  n.   [Middle English from Old French desagreer (as DIS-, AGREE)]

disagreeable /disəˈɡri:əb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unpleasant, not to one's liking 令人不愉快的；不合意的 2  quarrelsome; rude or bad-tempered 爱争吵的；粗鲁的；脾气坏的 □ disagreeableness  n.  □ disagreeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desagreable (as DIS-, AGREEABLE)]

disallow /disəˈlaʊ/ v. tr.  refuse to allow or accept as valid; prohibit 不许；不准；阻止 □ disallowance  n.   [Middle English from Old French desalouer (as DIS-, ALLOW)]

disambiguate /disæmˈbiɡjʊeit/ v. tr.  remove ambiguity from 消除…的歧义 □ disambiguation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disamenity /disəˈmi:niti, -ˈmeniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  an unpleasant feature (of a place etc.); a disadvantage (地方等的)不舒适，不便

disappear /disəˈpiə/ v. intr.  1  cease to be visible; pass from sight 消失；不见 2  cease to exist or be in circulation or use 不复存在；绝迹  trams had all but disappeared  有轨电车已几乎绝迹 3 (of a person or thing) go missing (人或事物)失踪 □ disappearance  n.  

disappearing act n.  an instance of vanishing as if by magic, esp. to avoid unpleasantness (尤指为避免不愉快之事而)神奇消失

disappoint /disəˈpɔint/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  fail to fulfil a desire or expectation of (a person) 使(人)失望 2  frustrate (hopes etc.); cause the failure of (a plan etc.) 使(希望等)受挫折；使(计划等)落空 □ be disappointed  (foll. by 后跟 with, at, in, or to + infin., or that + clause)  fail to have one's expectation etc. fulfilled in some regard 对…失望； (辜负…的期望等)  was disappointed with you  对你感到失望 disappointed at the result  对结果感到失望 am disappointed to be last  得了最后一名，深感失望□ disappointedly  adv.  □ disappointing  adj.  □ disappointingly  adv.   [Middle English from French désappointer (as DIS-, APPOINT)]

disappointment /disəˈpɔintm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an event, thing, or person that disappoints 失望的事(物或人) 2  a feeling of distress, vexation, etc., resulting from this (因痛苦、烦恼等)失望，沮丧；扫兴  I cannot hide my disappointment  我无法掩饰我的失望之情

disapprobation /disˌæprəˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  strong (esp. moral) disapproval (尤指对道德品行的)非难；不答应

disapprove /disəˈpru:v/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  have or express an unfavourable opinion 不赞成；不同意 2 tr.  be displeased with 不满 □ disapproval  n.  □ disapprover  n.  □ disapproving  adj.  □ disapprovingly  adv.  

disarm /disˈɑ:m/ v.  1 tr.  a  take weapons away from (a person, state, etc.) 缴械；解除某人(或某国)的武装 often foll. by 常后跟 of: were disarmed of their rifles  他们的枪被缴械了b Fencing etc. 【击剑】  deprive of a weapon 打落对方的武器 2 tr.  deprive (a ship etc.) of its means of defence 解除(舰只等的)防备手段 3 intr. (of a state etc.) disband or reduce its armed forces (国家等)裁减(或减少)武装力量 4 tr.  remove the fuse from (a bomb etc.) 取出(炸弹等)的引信 5 tr.  deprive of the power to injure 消除…的杀伤力 6 tr.  pacify or allay the hostility or suspicions of; mollify; placate 缓和敌意；冰释疑虑；消除 □ disarmer  n.  □ disarming  adj. (esp. in sense 6 尤用于释义 6)  □ disarmingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desarmer (as DIS-, ARM2)]

disarmament /disˈɑ:məm(ə)nt/ n.  the reduction by a state of its military forces and weapons 裁军，裁减军备

disarrange /disəˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  bring into disorder 使紊乱，弄乱 □ disarrangement  n.  

disarray /disəˈrei/ n. & v. ●n. (often prec. by 常前接 in, into)  disorder, confusion (esp. among people) (尤指人群中的)骚乱，混乱 ●v. tr.  throw into disorder 弄乱，搅乱

disarticulate /disɑ:ˈtikjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  separate at the joints (使)关节断离 □ disarticulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disassemble /disəˈsemb(ə)l/ v. tr.  take (a machine etc.) to pieces 拆卸，拆开(机器等) □ disassembly  n.  

disassembler /disəˈsemblə/ n. Computing  a program for converting machine code into assembly language 【计算】反汇编程序

disassociate /disəˈsəʊʃieit, -si-/ v. tr. & intr.  = DISSOCIATE  □ disassociation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disaster /diˈzɑ:stə/ n.  1  a great or sudden misfortune 大祸；灾难 2  a  a complete failure 彻底失败b  a person or enterprise ending in failure 以失败告终的人(或事业) □ disastrous  adj.  □ disastrously  adv.   [originally ‘unfavourable aspect of a star’: from French désastre or Italian disastro (as DIS-, astro from Latin astrum ‘star’)]

disavow /disəˈvaʊ/ v. tr.  disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or belief in 不承认；否认；抵赖 □ disavowal  n.   [Middle English from Old French desavouer (as DIS-, AVOW)]

disband /disˈbænd/ v.  1 intr. (of an organized group etc.) cease to work or act together; disperse (有组织的团体等)遭解散(或遣散) 2 tr.  cause (such a group) to disband 使(有组织的团体等)解散 □ disbandment  n.   [obsolete French desbander (as DIS-, BAND2)]

disbar /disˈbɑ:/ v. tr. (disbarred, disbarring)  deprive (a barrister) of the right to practise; expel from the Bar 吊消(律师的)律师资格；取消律师出庭的权利 □ disbarment  n.  

disbelieve /disbiˈli:v/ v.  1 tr.  be unable or unwilling to believe (a person or statement) 不信；怀疑(某人或陈述) 2 intr.  have no faith 不信；怀疑 □ disbelief  n.  □ disbeliever  n.  □ disbelievingly  adv.  

disbenefit /disˈbenifit/ n. Brit.  a drawback; an undesirable feature or consequence [英]不利；无益

disbound /disˈbaʊnd/ adj. (of a pamphlet etc.) removed from a bound volume (小册子等)装订损坏的

disbud /disˈbʌd/ v. tr. (disbudded, disbudding)  remove (esp. superfluous) buds from 摘去(尤指多余的)花蕾

disburden /disˈbɜ:d(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  relieve (a person, one's mind, etc.) of a burden 给(某人、某人思想等)消除负担 often foll. by 常后跟 of: was disburdened of all worries  消除各种烦恼 2  get rid of, discharge (a duty, anxiety, etc.) 摆脱；卸下(责任、忧虑等)

disburse /disˈbɜ:s/ v.  1 tr.  expend (money) 花(钱), 用(钱) 2 tr.  defray (a cost) 支付(费用) 3 intr.  pay money 付钱 □ disbursal  n.  □ disbursement  n.  □ disburser  n.   [Old French desbourser (as DIS-, BOURSE)]

disc /disk/ n. (also 亦作 disk esp. US [尤美] and in sense 4a 用于释义 4a)  1  a  a flat thin circular object 平圆盘b  a round flat or apparently flat surface 平圆形表面  the sun's disc  日面c  a mark of this shape 平圆形标记，圆平面记号 2  a  a layer of cartilage between vertebrae 椎间盘(脊椎间的软骨层)b  the close-packed cluster of tubular florets in the centre of a composite flower (菊花的)花盘 3  a gramophone record 留声机唱片 4  a (usu. 通常作 disk; in full 全称 magnetic disk)  a computer storage device consisting of a rotatable disc or discs with a magnetic coating (计算机用于储存资料的)磁盘b (in full 全称 optical disc)  a smooth non-magnetic disc with large storage capacity for data recorded and read by laser, esp. a CD-ROM 光盘(尤指只读光盘存储器) 5 Brit.  a device with a pointer or rotating disc indicating time of arrival or latest permitted time of departure, for display in a parked motor vehicle [英] (显示汽车停车时间的)圆盘形停车计时器 □ diskless  adj. Computing 【计算】   [French disque or Latin discus: see DISCUS]

discalced /disˈkælst/ adj. (of a friar or a nun) barefoot or wearing only sandals (修士或修女)赤脚的；仅穿拖鞋的 [variant of discalceated (influenced by French déchaux) from Latin discalceatus (as DIS-, calceatus from calceus ‘shoe’)]

discard v. & n. ●v. tr. /diˈskɑ:d/  1  reject or get rid of as unwanted or superfluous 丢弃；抛弃 2 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cards  remove or put aside (a card) from one's hand 【牌戏】垫出(牌) ●n. /ˈdiskɑ:d/  a discarded item, esp. a card in a card game 垫出物(尤指垫出的牌) □ discardable  /-ˈkɑ:dəb(ə)l/ adj.   [DIS- + CARD1]

discarnate /disˈkɑ:nət/ adj.  having no physical body; separated from the flesh 不具形骸的，无形的；脱离肉体的 [DIS-, Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

disc brake n.  a brake employing the friction of pads against a disc 盘式制动闸

discern /diˈsɜ:n/ v. tr.  1  perceive clearly with the mind or the senses 辨认出，觉察 2  make out by thought or by gazing, listening, etc. (通过思考、观察、听等)辨明，识别，了解 □ discerner  n.  □ discernible  adj.  □ discernibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French discerner from Latin (as DIS-, cernere cret- ‘separate’)]

discerning /diˈsɜ:niŋ/ adj.  having or showing good judgement or insight 有辨认能力的，有识别力的；有眼力的 □ discerningly  adv.  

discernment /diˈsɜ:nm(ə)nt/ n.  good judgement or insight 识别力；眼力；洞察力

discerptible /diˈsɜ:ptib(ə)l/ adj. literary  able to be plucked apart; divisible [文学用语]可拆开的；可分开的 □ discerptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin discerpere discerpt- (as DIS-, carpere ‘pluck’)]

discerption /diˈsɜ:pʃ(ə)n/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a  pulling apart; severance 分开，分裂b  an instance of this 分开 2  a severed piece 分离部分；断片 [Late Latin discerptio (as DISCERPTIBLE)]

discharge v. & n. ●v. /disˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1 tr.  a  let go, release, esp. from a duty, commitment, or period of confinement 允许离开；(尤指职责、保证的)免除； (在关押期间)释放b  relieve (a bankrupt) of residual liability 解除(破产人的)剩余债务 2 tr.  dismiss from office, employment, army commission, etc. 免职；解雇；退伍(开除等) 3 tr.  a  fire (a gun etc.) 击发(枪、炮等)b (of a gun etc.) fire (a bullet etc.) (枪、炮等)发射(枪弹等) 4  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  pour out or cause to pour out (pus, liquid, etc.) 排出(脓、液体等)；使(脓、液体等)流出  the wound was discharging  伤口在流脓b tr.  utter (abuse etc.) 口出(恶言等)c intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) (of a river etc.) flow into (esp. the sea) (河流等)流入，注入(尤指大海) 5 tr.  a  carry out, perform (a duty or obligation) 完成，履行(职责或责任)b  relieve oneself of (a financial commitment) 清偿(债务)  discharged his debt  偿还他的债务 6 tr. Law  cancel (an order of court) 【法律】撤销(法院命令) 7 tr. Physics  release an electrical charge from 【物理学】使…放电 8 tr.  a  relieve (a ship etc.) of its cargo 卸下(船等上)的货物b  unload (a cargo) from a ship 从船上卸(货物) ●n. /ˈdistʃɑ:dʒ, disˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1  the act or an instance of discharging; the process of being discharged 卸下；起货，卸货 2  a dismissal, esp. from the armed services 解职，解雇(尤指退伍) 3  a  a release, exemption, acquittal, etc. 释放；免除；宣判无罪(无罪开释等)b  a written certificate of release etc. (释放等)证明书 4  an act of firing a gun etc. (枪、炮等的)发射 5  a  an emission (of pus, liquid, etc.) (脓、液体等的)流出，排出b  the liquid or matter so discharged 流出物；排泄物 6 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  the payment (of a debt) (债务的)偿还b  the performance (of a duty etc.) (职责等的)履行 7 Physics 【物理学】  a  the release of a quantity of electric charge from an object 放电b  a flow of electricity through the air or other gas, esp. when accompanied by the emission of light (尤指发出火花的)放电c  the conversion of chemical energy in a cell into electrical energy 细胞中化学能转化成电能 8  the unloading (of a ship or a cargo) (船的)卸货；(货物的)卸下 □ dischargeable  adj.  □ discharger  n. (in sense 7 of v. 用于动词释义 7)   [Middle English from Old French descharger (as DIS-, CHARGE)]

disc harrow n.  a harrow with cutting edges consisting of a row of concave discs set at an oblique angle 圆盘耙

disciple /diˈsaip(ə)l/ n.  1  a follower or pupil of a leader, teacher, philosophy, etc. (领袖、导师、哲学思想等的)信徒；门徒；弟子  a disciple of Zen Buddhism  禅宗佛教徒 2  a  a personal follower of Christ, esp. one of the twelve Apostles 耶稣的门徒(尤指耶稣的十二门徒之一)b  any early believer in Christ 耶稣的早期信奉者 □ discipleship  n.  □ discipular  /diˈsipjʊlə/ adj.   [Old English discipul from Latin discipulus, from discere ‘learn’]

disciplinarian /ˌdisipliˈnɛəriən/ n.  a person who upholds or practises firm discipline 严格纪律的信奉者；执行纪律者  a strict disciplinarian  严格执行纪律者

disciplinary /ˈdisiplin(ə)ri, disiˈplin-/ adj.  of, promoting, or enforcing discipline 纪律的；增进纪律的；执行纪律的 [medieval Latin disciplinarius (as DISCIPLINE)]

discipline /ˈdisiplin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  control or order exercised over people or animals, esp. children, prisoners, military personnel, church members, etc. (尤指对儿童、囚犯、军人、教徒等实行的)纪律； b  the system of rules used to maintain this control 规章制度；纪律c  the behaviour of groups subjected to such rules 风纪；行为准则  poor discipline in the ranks  军队中的不守纪行为 2  a  mental, moral, or physical training (思想、道德或身体的)训练；修养b  adversity as used to bring about such training 磨难，磨炼  left the course because he couldn't take the discipline  因不能忍受这种训练他离开了跑道 3  a branch of instruction or learning 学科  philosophy is a hard discipline  哲学是一门很深奥的学科 4  punishment 惩戒 5 Eccl.  mortification by physical self-punishment, esp. scourging 【教会】(尤指通过苦难)苦行修炼 ●v. tr.  1  punish, chastise 惩罚；责罚 2  bring under control by training in obedience; drill 训导；控制；训练 □ disciplinable  adj.  □ disciplinal  /disiˈplain(ə)l, ˈdisiplin(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French discipliner or Late Latin & medieval Latin disciplinare (v.), disciplina (n.), from discipulus DISCIPLE]

disc jockey n.  the presenter of a selection of usu. recorded popular music, esp. in a broadcast (通常尤指电台流行音乐唱片节目的)播音员

disclaim /disˈkleim/ v. tr.  1  deny or disown 否认；放弃  disclaim all responsibility  否认全部责任 2 (often absol. [常含宾]) Law  renounce a legal claim to (property etc.) 【法律】放弃(对财产等的)权利 [Middle English from Anglo-French desclaim-, stressed stem of desclamer (as DIS-, CLAIM)]

disclaimer /disˈkleimə/ n.  1  a renunciation or disavowal, esp. of responsibility 放弃(尤指责任；) 否认 2 Law  an act of repudiating another's claim or renouncing one's own 【法律】弃权；放弃声明书 [Middle English from Anglo-French (= DISCLAIM, used as a noun)]

disclose /disˈkləʊz/ v. tr.  1  make known; reveal 揭露；透露  disclosed the truth  披露真相 2  remove the cover from; expose to view 揭开，使显露 □ discloser  n.   [Middle English via Old French desclos-, stem of desclore, from Gallo-Roman (as DIS-, CLOSE2)]

disclosure /disˈkləʊʒə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disclosing; the process of being disclosed 揭发；泄露，透露；败露 2  something disclosed; a revelation 披露的事实；被揭露的内情 [DISCLOSE + -URE, on the pattern of closure]

disco /ˈdiskəʊ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  = DISCOTHEQUE  2  = DISCO MUSIC  ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  1  attend a discotheque 参加迪斯科舞会 2  dance to disco music (在音乐伴奏下)跳迪斯科舞  discoed the night away  跳了一整夜的迪斯科 [abbreviation]

discobolus /diˈskɒbələs/ n. (pl. discoboli /-lai/)  1  a discus-thrower in ancient Greece (古希腊的)掷铁饼者 2  a statue of a discobolus 掷铁饼者雕像 [Latin from Greek diskobolos, from diskos DISCUS + -bolos ‘-throwing’ from ballō ‘to throw’]

discography /diˈskɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a descriptive catalogue of gramophone records, esp. of a particular performer or composer (尤指特殊表演者或作曲家的)音乐唱片分类目录 2  the study of gramophone records 音乐唱片分类学 □ discographer  n.   [DISC + -GRAPHY, on the pattern of biography]

discoid /ˈdiskɔid/ adj.  disc-shaped 盘状的，铁饼状的 [Greek diskoeidēs (as DISCUS, -OID)]

discolour /disˈkʌlə/ v. tr. & intr. (US [美] discolor)  spoil or cause to spoil the colour of; stain; tarnish 退色；(使)变色；脱色 □ discoloration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 discolouration)   [Middle English from Old French descolorer or medieval Latin discolorare (as DIS-, COLOUR)]

discombobulate /diskəmˈbɒbjʊleit/ v. tr. N. Amer. slang  disturb; disconcert [北美] [俚语]使混乱；使困惑 [probably based on discompose or discomfit]

discomfit /disˈkʌmfit/ v. tr. (discomfited, discomfiting)  1  a  disconcert or baffle 扰乱；使困惑b  thwart 挫败 2 archaic  defeat in battle [古义]战败 □ discomfiture  n.   [Middle English via Old French disconfit, past part. of desconfire, from Romanic (as DIS-, Latin conficere ‘put together’: see CONFECTION)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse discomfit with discomfort. Examples of each are: We were discomfited by his request to walk through the pouring rain rather than take a taxi, and He was by nature a recluse, discomforted by every encounter. 留心不要混淆 discomfit 和 discomfort 这两个词。两个词的用法各举例如下 : We were discomfited by his request to walk through the pouring rain rather than take a taxi (他建议我们在倾盆大雨中走着去而不是坐出租车去，这令我们感到困惑)； He was by nature a recluse, discomforted by every encounter (他生性就是个隐遁者，见着谁都不自在)。 

discomfort /disˈkʌmfət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a lack of ease; slight pain 不自在；病痛  tight collar caused discomfort  领口紧让人不舒服b  mental uneasiness (精神上的)不安  his presence caused her discomfort  他在场她就不安 2  a lack of comfort 不舒适 ●v. tr.  make uneasy; distress 使不愉快；困苦 [Middle English from Old French desconfort(er) (as DIS-, COMFORT)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DISCOMFIT. 见 DISCOMFIT 的用法说明。 

discommode /diskəˈməʊd/ v. tr.  inconvenience (a person etc.) 使(人等)不便；打扰 □ discommodious  adj.   [obsolete French discommoder, variant of incommoder (as DIS-, INCOMMODE)]

discompose /diskəmˈpəʊz/ v. tr.  disturb the composure of; agitate; disturb 使…不安；使焦虑；扰乱 □ discomposure  /-ˈpəʊʒə/ n.  

disco music n.  popular dance music characterized by a heavy bass rhythm 迪斯科(流行)音乐

disconcert /diskənˈsɜ:t/ v. tr.  1  disturb the composure of; agitate; fluster 使…惊慌；使仓皇失措；使窘迫  disconcerted by his expression  他的一番话令人窘迫不安 2  spoil or upset (plans etc.) 挫败；打乱(计划等) □ disconcertedly  adv.  □ disconcerting  adj.  □ disconcertingly  adv.  □ disconcertion  /-ˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ disconcertment  n.   [obsolete French desconcerter (as DIS-, CONCERT)]

disconfirm /diskənˈfɜ:m/ v. tr. formal  disprove or tend to disprove (a hypothesis etc.) [正式] (倾向于)证明(假设等)不成立 □ disconfirmation  /ˌdiskɒnfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disconformity /diskənˈfɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  lack of conformity 不一致b  an instance of this 不符合，矛盾 2 Geol.  a difference of plane between two parallel, approximately horizontal sets of strata 【地质】假整合，平行不整合

disconnect /diskəˈnekt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  break the connection of (things, ideas, etc.) 使(事物)不连接，分开；使(思想等)不连贯 2  put (an electrical device) out of action by disconnecting the parts, esp. by pulling out the plug 使(电气设备)断线；隔离(尤指拔掉插头)

disconnected /diskəˈnektid/ adj. (of speech, writing, argument, etc.) incoherent and illogical (演说、写作、辩论等)不连贯的，不合逻辑的 □ disconnectedly  adv.  □ disconnectedness  n.  

disconnection /diskəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 disconnexion)  the act or an instance of disconnecting; the state of being disconnected 断开；分开

disconsolate /disˈkɒns(ə)lət/ adj.  1  forlorn or inconsolable 孤独的；伤心的 2  unhappy or disappointed 闷闷不乐的；失望的 □ disconsolately  adv.  □ disconsolateness  n.  □ disconsolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin disconsolatus (as DIS-, consolatus, past part. of Latin consolari ‘console’)]

discontent /diskənˈtent/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  lack of contentment; restlessness, dissatisfaction 不满足；烦乱不安；不满意 ●adj.  dissatisfied 不满意的，不满足的  was discontent with his lot  对他的命运不满 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 discontented adj.)  make dissatisfied 使不满 □ discontentedly  adv.  □ discontentedness  n.  □ discontentment  n.  

discontinue /diskənˈtinju:/ v. (discontinues, discontinued, discontinuing)  1 intr. & tr.  cease or cause to cease to exist or be made (使)停止；终止  a discontinued line  已停止的航线 2 tr.  give up, cease from 放弃；中断  discontinued his visits  中断他的访问 3 tr.  cease taking or paying (a newspaper, a subscription, etc.) 停止订阅(报纸等) □ discontinuance  n.  □ discontinuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French discontinuer from medieval Latin discontinuare (as DIS-, CONTINUE)]

discontinuous /diskənˈtinjʊəs/ adj.  lacking continuity in space or time; intermittent 不连续的；间断的 □ discontinuity  /ˌdiskɒntiˈnju:iti/ n.  □ discontinuously  adv.   [medieval Latin discontinuus (as DIS-, CONTINUOUS)]

discord n. & v. ●n. /ˈdiskɔ:d/  1  disagreement; strife 不一致；冲突 2  harsh clashing noise; clangour 刺耳声，嘈杂声 3 Mus. 【音】  a  a lack of harmony between notes sounding together 不协和b  an unpleasing or unfinished chord needing to be completed by another 不协和和弦c  any interval except unison, an octave, a perfect fifth and fourth, a major and minor third and sixth, and their octaves 不协和音程d  a single note dissonant with another 不协和的乐音 ●v. intr. /diˈskɔ:d/  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  disagree or quarrel 不同意；争吵b  be different or inconsistent 不同，不一致 2  jar, clash, be dissonant 不一致；冲突；不调和 [Middle English via Old French descord, (n.), descorder (v.) from Latin discordare, from discors ‘discordant’ (as DIS-, cor cord- ‘heart’)]

discordant /diˈskɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, from, with)  1  disagreeing; at variance 不一致的，不协调的 2 (of sounds) not in harmony; dissonant (声音)不悦耳的；不调和的 □ discordance  n.  □ discordancy  n.  □ discordantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, part. of discorder: see DISCORD]

discotheque /ˈdiskətek/ n.  1  a club etc. for dancing to recorded popular music 迪斯科舞厅(放流行歌曲唱片伴舞的娱乐场所等) 2 Brit. [英]  a  the professional lighting and sound equipment used at a discotheque 迪斯科舞厅专用的照明和音响设备b  a business that provides this 提供迪斯科舞厅专用照明和音响设备的行业 3 Brit.  a party with dancing to popular music, esp. using such equipment [英] (尤指利用迪斯科舞厅专用的照明和音响设备的)舞会 [French, = record-library]

discount n. & v. ●n. /ˈdiskaʊnt/  1  a deduction from a bill or amount due, given esp. in consideration of prompt or advance payment or to a special class of buyers (尤指因立即付款、提前付款或因特殊买主而打的)折扣 2  a deduction from the amount of a bill of exchange etc. by a person who gives value for it before it is due (汇票等的)贴现利息 3  the act or an instance of discounting 贴现 ●v. tr. /disˈkaʊnt/  1  disregard as being unreliable or unimportant 不(相)信，漠视  discounted his story  不相信他的说法 2  reduce the effect of (an event etc.) by previous action 减弱(事件的影响) 3  a  deduct (esp. an amount from a bill etc.) (尤指从账单等中)打出折扣b  reduce in price 降价 4  give or get the present worth of (a bill not yet due) 贴现(未到期票据) □ at a discount   1  below the nominal or usual price (cf. 参见 PREMIUM) 低于名义(或通常)价格 2  not in demand; depreciated 无销路；跌价□ discountable  /-ˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ discounter  /-ˈkaʊntə/ n.   [obsolete French descompte, -conte, descompter or Italian (di)scontare (as DIS-, COUNT1)]

discountenance /disˈkaʊntinəns/ v. tr.  1 (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  disconcert 使羞愧；使窘迫  was discountenanced by his abruptness  为他的唐突而感到羞愧 2  refuse to countenance; show disapproval of 不赞成；不支持

discount house n.  1 Brit.  a firm that discounts bills [英]廉价商店 2 US [美]  = DISCOUNT STORE 

discount rate n. US  the minimum lending rate 贴现率

discount store n.  a shop etc. that sells goods at less than the normal retail price 廉价商店(店铺等)

discourage /disˈkʌridʒ/ v. tr.  1  deprive of courage, confidence, or energy 使泄气，使气馁 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  dissuade 劝阻  discouraged him from going  劝阻他不要去 3  inhibit or seek to prevent (an action etc.) by showing disapproval; oppose 抑制；(试图)阻止(一个行动等；) 不许可  smoking is discouraged  不许抽烟 □ discouragement  n.  □ discouragingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French descouragier (as DIS-, COURAGE)]

discourse n. & v. ●n. /ˈdiskɔ:s, -ˈkɔ:s/  1 literary [文学用语]  a  conversation; talk 谈话；交谈； b  a dissertation or treatise on an academic subject (学术)论文，论述c  a lecture or sermon 演讲；说教 2 Linguistics  a connected series of utterances; a text 【语言学】语段；语篇 ●v. /disˈkɔ:s/  1 intr.  talk; converse 交谈；谈话 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, on, upon)  speak or write learnedly or at length (on a subject) 论述；著述(某一题目) 3 tr. archaic  give forth (music etc.) [古义]演奏(音乐等) [Middle English from Latin discursus (as DIS-, COURSE) : the verb influenced by French discourir]

discourteous /disˈkɜ:tjəs/ adj.  impolite; rude 失礼的；粗鲁的 □ discourteously  adv.  □ discourteousness  n.  

discourtesy /disˈkɜ:təsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  bad manners; rudeness 无礼举动，粗鲁 2  an impolite act or remark 无礼，粗鲁言词

discover /diˈskʌvə/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  find out or become aware of, whether by research or searching or by chance 找到；发觉  discovered a new entrance  找到了一个新入口 discovered that they had been overpaid  发觉多付他们钱了b  be the first to find or find out 发现  who discovered America?  谁发现了美洲？ 2 Chess  give (check) by removing one's own obstructing piece 【棋类】(移开己方挡道棋子)将(对方)一军 3 (in show business) find and promote as a new singer, actor, etc. (表演行业)发现；推出(新歌手、演员等) 4 archaic [古义]  a  make known 使为人所知b  exhibit; manifest 显露；展示c  disclose; betray 透露，泄露 □ discoverable  adj.  □ discoverer  n.   [Middle English via Old French descovrir from Late Latin discooperire (as DIS-, COVER)]

discovery /diˈskʌv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the act or process of discovering or being discovered 发现；发觉b  an instance of this 发现  the discovery of a new planet  发现一颗新行星 2  a person or thing discovered 被发现的人(或物) 3 Law  the compulsory disclosure, by a party to an action, of facts or documents on which the other party wishes to rely 【法律】(审判前当事一方必须做出的)透露证据 [DISCOVER, on the pattern of recover, recovery]

discredit /disˈkredit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  harm to reputation 败坏名声  brought discredit on the enterprise  败坏企业名声 2  a person or thing causing this 败坏名声的人；丢脸的事  he is a discredit to his family  他给家里带来了耻辱 3  lack of credibility; doubt; disbelief 失去信用；怀疑；不信  throws discredit on her story  使人怀疑她的说法 4  the loss of commercial credit 丧失商业信誉 ●v. tr. (discredited, discrediting)  1  harm the good reputation of 败坏…的声誉 2  cause to be disbelieved 使成为不可信 3  refuse to believe 不信；怀疑

discreditable /disˈkreditəb(ə)l/ adj.  bringing discredit; shameful 丢脸的；不体面的 □ discreditably  adv.  

discreet /diˈskri:t/ adj. (discreeter, discreetest)  1  a  circumspect in speech or action, esp. to avoid social disgrace or embarrassment (尤指为避免不光彩或尴尬局面而)审慎的，谨慎的b  tactful; trustworthy 机智的；可信赖的 2  unobtrusive 不唐突的；不引人注目的  a discreet touch of rouge  不显眼的一抹口红 □ discreetly  adv.  □ discreetness  n.   [Middle English via Old French discret -ete from Latin discretus ‘separate’ (as DIS-, cretus, past part. of cernere ‘sift’), with Late Latin sense from its derivative discretio ‘discernment’]

discrepancy /disˈkrep(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  difference; failure to correspond; inconsistency 差异；不相符；不一致 2  an instance of this 差异之处；矛盾之处 □ discrepant  adj.   [Latin discrepare ‘be discordant’ (as DIS-, crepare ‘creak’)]

discrete /diˈskri:t/ adj.  individually distinct; separate, discontinuous 离散的；分离的；不连续的 □ discretely  adv.  □ discreteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin discretus: see DISCREET]

discretion /diˈskreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  being discreet; discreet behaviour 谨慎；审慎的行为  treats confidences with discretion  考虑周到 2  prudence; self-preservation 精明；深谋远虑 3  the freedom to act and think as one wishes, usu. within legal limits (通常在法律一定范围内的)斟酌决定  it is within his discretion to leave  离去是他自己决定的 4 Law  a court's freedom to decide a sentence etc. 【法律】(对审判等)法院的酌处权 □ age (or years) of discretion   the esp. legal age at which a person is able to manage his or her own affairs (尤指法定的解事)责任年龄□ at discretion   as one pleases 随意；任意□ at the discretion of   to be settled or disposed of according to the judgement or choice of 随…的意思，凭…自行处理□ discretion is the better part of valour   reckless courage is often self-defeating 谨慎即大勇□ use one's discretion   act according to one's own judgement 自己斟酌决定□ discretionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin discretio -onis (as DISCREET)]

discriminate /diˈskrimineit/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  make or see a distinction; differentiate 辨别，区别  cannot discriminate between right and wrong  不能辨别是非 2 intr.  make a distinction, esp. unjustly and on the basis of race, age, sex, etc. (在种族、年龄、性别等上尤指不公正地)差别对待 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  select for unfavourable treatment 歧视；排斥 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  make or see or constitute a difference in or between 区分出；辨出  many things discriminate one person from another  许多地方可以区分出人与人之间的不同 5 intr.  observe distinctions carefully; have good judgement 识别；鉴别 6 tr.  mark as distinctive; be a distinguishing feature of 使有差别；使区别 □ discriminately  /-nətli/ adv.  □ discriminative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ discriminator  n.  □ discriminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin discriminare from discrimen -minis ‘distinction’, from discernere DISCERN]

discriminating /diˈskrimineitiŋ/ adj.  1  able to discern, esp. distinctions (尤指特性)形成差别的，区别性的 2  having good taste 有识别力的；敏锐的 □ discriminatingly  adv.  

discrimination /diˌskrimiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  unfavourable treatment based on prejudice, esp. regarding race, age, or sex (尤指在种族、年龄、性别上的)差别对待；歧视 2  good taste or judgement in artistic matters etc. (对艺术品等的)鉴赏力，眼力 3  the power of discriminating or observing differences 识别力；辨别力 4  a distinction made with the mind or in action 辨别；区别

discursive /disˈkɜ:siv/ adj.  1  rambling or digressive 散漫芜杂的；离题的 2 Philos.  proceeding by argument or reasoning (opp. 反义 INTUITIVE) 【哲】推论的；论证的 □ discursively  adv.  □ discursiveness  n.   [medieval Latin discursivus from Latin discurrere discurs- (as DIS-, currere ‘run’)]

discus /ˈdiskəs/ n. (pl. discuses)  1  a heavy thick-centred disc thrown in ancient Greek games 铁饼(古希腊运动中，用于投掷的中心厚的重圆盘) 2  a similar disc thrown in modern field events (现代田赛项目投掷中的)铁饼 [Latin from Greek diskos]

discuss /diˈskʌs/ v. tr.  1  hold a conversation about 讨论 2  examine by argument, esp. written; debate (尤指书面)论述 □ discussable  adj.  □ discussant  n.  □ discusser  n.   [earlier in the sense ‘dispel, disperse’: Middle English from Latin discutere discuss- ‘disperse’ (as DIS-, quatere ‘shake’)]

discussion /diˈskʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a conversation, esp. on specific subjects; a debate (尤指对特别题目的)讨论；辩论  had a discussion about what they should do  就他们应做些什么进行了讨论 2  an examination by argument, written or spoken (书面或口头)辩论；审议 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin discussio -onis (as DISCUSS)]

disdain /disˈdein, -z-/ n. & v. ●n.  scorn; contempt 轻蔑，蔑视 ●v. tr.  1  regard with disdain 鄙视 2  think oneself superior to; reject 鄙弃；不屑；拒绝  disdained his offer  鄙弃他的报价 disdained to enter  拒绝进去 disdained answering  不屑回答 [Middle English from Old French desdeign(ier), ultimately from Latin dedignari (as DE-, dignari from dignus ‘worthy’)]

disdainful /disˈdeinfʊl, -f(ə)l, -z-/ adj.  showing disdain or contempt 轻蔑的，蔑视的 □ disdainfully  adv.  □ disdainfulness  n.  

disease /diˈzi:z/ n.  1  an unhealthy condition of the body (or a part of it) or the mind; illness, sickness (人身或部分器官、身心)疾病，病，病态 2  a corresponding physical condition of plants 植物病害 3  a particular kind of disease with special symptoms or location 特殊症状的病，弊病 [Middle English from Old French desaise]

diseased /diˈzi:zd/ adj.  1  affected with disease 患病的 2  abnormal, disordered 不正常的；不健全的 [Middle English, past part. of disease, from Old French desaisier (as DISEASE)]

diseconomy /disiˈkɒnəmi/ n. Econ.  the absence or reverse of economy, esp. the increase of costs in a large-scale operation 【经】不经济(尤指规模过大而造成的费用增加)；逆经济

disembark /disimˈbɑ:k, disem-/ v. tr. & intr.  put or go ashore or land from a ship; remove from or leave an aircraft, train, etc. (使)上岸； (使)登陆；使下飞机(火车等) □ disembarkation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French désembarquer (as DIS-, EMBARK)]

disembarrass /disimˈbærəs, disem-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  relieve (of a load etc.) 摆脱；免除(负担等) 2  free from embarrassment 使免于受窘；解脱烦恼 □ disembarrassment  n.  

disembody /disimˈbɒdi, disem-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (esp. as 尤作 disembodied adj.)  separate or free (esp. the soul) from the body or a concrete form (尤指灵魂)脱离躯壳的；使脱离实体的  disembodied spirit  脱离躯壳的灵魂 disembodied voice  不见其人的说话声 2 archaic  disband (troops) [古义]遣散(军队) □ disembodiment  n.  

disembogue /disimˈbəʊɡ, disem-/ v. tr. & intr. (disembogues, disembogued, disemboguing) (of a river etc.) discharge or flow into the sea etc. (江河等)流入；倾注(大海等) [Spanish desembocar (as DIS-, en ‘in’, boca ‘mouth’)]

disembowel /disimˈbaʊəl, disem-/ v. tr. (disembowelled, disembowelling; US [美] disemboweled, disemboweling)  remove the bowels or entrails of 除去(或取出)…的肠子(或内脏) □ disembowelment  n.  

disembroil /disimˈbrɔil, disem-/ v. tr.  extricate from confusion or entanglement 使摆脱混乱(或纷扰)

disempower /disimˈpaʊə, disem-/ v. tr.  remove the power to act from (a person, group, etc) 剥夺(人、群体等的)权力 □ disempowerment  n.  

disenchant /disinˈtʃɑ:nt, disen-/ v. tr.  free from enchantment; disillusion 使不再着迷，使清醒 □ disenchantingly  adv.  □ disenchantment  n.   [French désenchanter (as DIS-, ENCHANT)]

disencumber /disinˈkʌmbə, disen-/ v. tr.  free from encumbrance (累赘、烦恼)使摆脱；使解脱

disendow /disinˈdaʊ, disen-/ v. tr.  strip (esp. the Church) of endowments (尤指从教会中)没收捐赠基金 □ disendowment  n.  

disenfranchise /disinˈfræn(t)ʃaiz, disen-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 disfranchise /disˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/)  1  a  deprive (a person) of the right to vote 剥夺(某人的)选举权b  deprive (a place) of the right to send a representative to Parliament 剥夺(某地)选派议会议员的权利 2  deprive (a person) of rights as a citizen or of a franchise held 剥夺(某人的)公民权(或选举权) □ disenfranchisement  n.  

disengage /disinˈɡeidʒ, disen-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  detach, free, loosen, or separate (parts etc.) 分开；解开；松开(各部分等)  disengaged the clutch  松开离合器 2 tr. Mil.  remove (troops) from a battle or a battle area 【军】使(军队)脱离接触；使中止(战斗) 3 intr.  become detached 脱离 4 intr. Fencing  pass the point of one's sword to the other side of one's opponent's 【击剑】(剑尖)上下线转移 5 intr. (as 作 disengaged adj.)  a  unoccupied; free; vacant 空闲的；自由的；空白的b  uncommitted, esp. politically (尤政治上)不受约束的；未遂的 ●n. Fencing  a disengaging movement 【击剑】(剑尖)上下线的转移

disengagement /disinˈɡeidʒm(ə)nt, disen-/ n.  1  a  the act of disengaging 脱离，分开b  an instance of this 解开 2  freedom from ties; detachment 解脱；分离 3  the dissolution of an engagement to marry 解除婚约 4  ease of manner or behaviour 安逸；悠闲 5 Fencing 【击剑】  = DISENGAGE 

disentail /disinˈteil, disen-/ v. tr. Law  free (property) from entail; break the entail of 【法律】解除对(不动产)的继承权限制；使(不动产)免于限定继承

disentangle /disinˈtæŋɡ(ə)l, disen-/ v.  1 tr.  a  unravel, untwist 解开(纠结)，拆开b  free from complications; extricate 使摆脱；解脱  disentangled her from the difficulty  把她从困境中解脱出来 2 intr.  become disentangled 解开；清理出 □ disentanglement  n.  

disenthral /disinˈθrɔ:l, disen-/ v. tr. (US [美] disenthrall) (-enthralled, -enthralling) literary  free from enthralment [文学用语]解放；使不受奴役(或束缚) □ disenthralment  n.  

disentitle /disinˈtait(ə)l, disen-/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  deprive of any rightful claim 剥夺…的权利(称号) □ disentitlement  n.  

disentomb /disinˈtu:m, disen-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  remove from a tomb; disinter 从坟墓中掘出；发掘 2  unearth 掘出 □ disentombment  /-ˈtu:mm(ə)nt/ n.  

disequilibrium /ˌdisi:kwiˈlibriəm, dise-/ n.  a lack or loss of equilibrium; instability 不均衡；失调；不平衡

disestablish /disiˈstæbliʃ, dise-/ v. tr.  1  deprive (a church) of state support 撤销政府对(教会的)支持；使(教会)和政府分离 2  depose from an official position 解除…的官职 3  terminate the establishment of 废止…的制度(习俗) □ disestablishment  n.  

disesteem /disiˈsti:m, dise-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  have a low opinion of; despise 轻视；不喜欢；厌恶 ●n.  low esteem or regard 蔑视

diseuse /di:ˈzɜ:z, 法 dizøz/ n. (masc. diseur /di:ˈzɜ:, 法 dizœr/)  a female artiste entertaining with spoken monologues 朗诵女艺术家 [French, = talker, from dire dis- ‘say’]

disfavour /disˈfeivə/ n. & v. (US [美] disfavor) ●n.  1  disapproval or dislike 不赞成；不喜欢；讨厌 2  the state of being disliked 失宠  fell into disfavour  受冷遇 ●v. tr.  regard or treat with disfavour 厌恶；不喜欢

disfigure /disˈfiɡə/ v. tr.  spoil the beauty of; deform; deface 损伤…的外貌；使成畸形；使变丑 □ disfigurement  n.   [Middle English via Old French desfigurer from Romanic (as DIS-, FIGURE)]

disforest /disˈfɒrist/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  = DISAFFOREST  □ disforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disfranchise /disˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/ var.  of DISENFRANCHISE  DISENFRANCHISE 的变体

disfrock /disˈfrɒk/ v. tr.  unfrock 剥去法衣；解除圣职

disgorge /disˈɡɔ:dʒ/ v. tr.  1  eject from the throat or stomach 吐出；呕出 2  pour forth, discharge (contents, ill-gotten gains, etc.) 涌出(所含之物)；被迫交出；吐出(非法所得等) □ disgorgement  n.   [Middle English from Old French desgorger (as DIS-, GORGE)]

disgrace /disˈɡreis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the loss of reputation; shame; ignominy 丧失名誉；羞耻；不体面  brought disgrace on his family  给他全家丢脸 2  a dishonourable, inefficient, or shameful person, thing, state of affairs, etc. 招致耻辱者；差劲的人(事和情况等)  the bus service is a disgrace  公共汽车服务太糟了 ●v. tr.  1  bring shame or discredit on; be a disgrace to 带来羞耻(或不信任；) 使成为耻辱 2  degrade from a position of honour; dismiss from favour 玷污名誉；使失宠 □ in disgrace   having lost respect or reputation; out of favour 有失体面；失宠 [French disgrɑˆce, disgracier from Italian disgrazia, disgraziare (as DIS-, GRACE)]

disgraceful /disˈɡreisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  shameful; dishonourable; degrading 可耻的；不名誉的；有失体面的 □ disgracefully  adv.  

disgruntled /disˈɡrʌnt(ə)ld/ adj.  discontented; moody; sulky 不满的；闷闷不乐的；不高兴的 □ disgruntlement  n.   [DIS- + gruntle, obsolete frequentative of GRUNT]

disguise /disˈɡaiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  alter the appearance, sound, smell, etc., of so as to conceal the identity; make unrecognizable (外貌、声音、味道等)化装；伪装；掩盖  disguised herself as a policewoman  她把自己化装成警察 disguised the taste by adding sugar  加糖以掩盖味道 2  misrepresent or cover up 误传，诈称；隐匿，掩饰  disguised the truth  掩盖真理 disguised their intentions  掩饰他们的意图 ●n.  1  a  a costume, false beard, make-up, etc., used to alter the appearance so as to conceal or deceive (用以改变面部形象来隐匿或行骗的)化装服饰(假须、化装品等)b  any action, manner, etc., used for deception (行动、举止等的)假扮；伪装 2  a  the act or practice of disguising; the concealment of reality 假装；掩盖；掩饰b  an instance of this 假扮；化装 □ in disguise   1  wearing a concealing costume etc. (穿服装等)假装；伪装 2  appearing to be the opposite 表面和实质正好相反  a blessing in disguise  因祸得福□ disguisement  n.   [Middle English from Old French desguis(i)er (as DIS-, GUISE)]

disgust /disˈɡʌst/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, for)  1  strong aversion; repugnance; profound indignation 厌恶；嫌恶；反感 2  a strong distaste for a food, drink, medicine, etc.; nausea (对食物、饮料、药物等)厌食；作呕 ●v. tr.  cause disgust in 使厌恶  their behaviour disgusts me  他们的举止令我感到厌恶 was disgusted to find a slug  发现一条鼻涕虫真令人恶心 □ in disgust   as a result of disgust 厌恶地；反感地  left in disgust  反感地离去□ disgustedly  adv.   [Old French degoust, desgouster, or Italian disgusto, disgustare (as DIS-, GUSTO)]

disgustful /disˈɡʌstfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  disgusting; repulsive 令人厌恶的；令人唾弃的 2 (of curiosity etc.) caused by disgust 厌恶引起的(好奇心等)

disgusting /disˈɡʌstiŋ/ adj.  arousing aversion or indignation 令人反感的；令人厌恶的  disgusting behaviour  令人讨厌的行为 □ disgustingly  adv.  □ disgustingness  n.  

dish /diʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a shallow, usu. flat-bottomed container for cooking or serving food, made of glass, ceramics, metal, etc. (玻璃、陶瓷、金属等)盘，碟(通常底部平坦)b  the food served in a dish 盘装菜(菜肴)  all the dishes were delicious  所有的菜肴都美味可口c  a particular kind of food 一道(或一盘)菜  a meat dish  一碟肉菜 2 (in pl. 用复数)  dirty plates, cutlery, cooking pots, etc. after a meal (饭后待洗的)碗碟刀具(烹调锅罐等) 3  a  a dish-shaped receptacle, object, or cavity 碟状容器(物体、洞穴)b  = SATELLITE DISH  4 slang  a sexually attractive person [俚语]性感的人 ●v. tr.  1  put (food) into a dish ready for serving 把(菜肴)装在盘子里 2 Brit. colloq.  a  outmanoeuvre [英口]以谋略制胜，智胜b  destroy (one's hopes, chances, etc.) 破坏；挫败(某人的希望、机遇等) 3  make concave or dish-shaped 使成为凹形(或碟形) □ dish out  slang  distribute, esp. carelessly or indiscriminately [俚语] (尤指不经意、无区别地)分发□ dish up   1  serve or prepare to serve (food) (准备)把(食物)盛在盘里端出 2 colloq.  seek to present (facts, argument, etc.) attractively [口]把(事实、争论等)说得娓娓动听□ dish (up) the dirt  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  spread scandal or gossip [口]传播丑闻；说人闲话□ dishful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English disc ‘plate, bowl’ (with Germanic and Old Norse cognates) from Latin discus DISC]

dishabille var.  of D ÉSHABILLÉ DÉSHABILLÉ 的变体

disharmony /disˈhɑ:məni/ n.  a lack of harmony; discord 不调和；不和谐 □ disharmonious  /-ˈməʊniəs/ adj.  □ disharmoniously  /-ˈməʊniəsli/ adv.  □ disharmonize  /-naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

dishcloth /ˈdiʃklɒθ/ n.  a usu. open-weave cloth for washing dishes (通常用多孔织布的)擦碗布，洗碟布

dishcloth gourd n.  a loofah 丝瓜；丝瓜络

dishearten /disˈhɑ:t(ə)n/ v. tr.  cause to lose courage or confidence; make despondent 使…气馁；使…沮丧；使…泄气 □ dishearteningly  adv.  □ disheartenment  n.  

dishevelled /diˈʃev(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] disheveled) (of the hair, a person, etc.) untidy; ruffled; disordered (头发等)散乱的；凌乱的；蓬乱的；(人)衣冠不整的 □ dishevel  v. tr. (dishevelled, dishevelling; US [美] disheveled, disheveling)  □ dishevelment  n.   [Middle English dischevelee from Old French deschevelé past part. (as DIS-, chevel ‘hair’ from Latin capillus)]

dishonest /disˈɒnist/ adj. (of a person, act, or statement) fraudulent or insincere (人、行为或陈述)不诚实的，狡诈的；不诚恳的 □ dishonestly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French deshoneste (as DIS-, HONEST)]

dishonesty /disˈɒnisti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a lack of honesty 不诚实b  deceitfulness, fraud 欺诈；欺骗 2  a dishonest or fraudulent act 不诚实(或欺骗)行为 [Middle English from Old French deshon(n)esté (as DISHONEST)]

dishonour /disˈɒnə/ n. & v. (US [美] dishonor) ●n.  1  a state of shame or disgrace; discredit 丢脸；耻辱；不名誉 2  something that causes dishonour 招致耻辱的事  a dishonour to his profession  给他的职业带来的耻辱 ●v. tr.  1  treat without honour or respect 不尊重；侮辱 2  disgrace 使蒙羞；玷污  dishonoured his name  败坏了他的名声 3  refuse to accept or pay (a cheque or a bill of exchange) 拒绝承兑(票据或汇票) 4 archaic  violate the chastity of; rape [古义]玷污(妇女)；强奸 [Middle English via Old French deshonor (n.), deshonorer (v.) from medieval Latin dishonorare (as DIS-, HONOUR)]

dishonourable /disˈɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] dishonorable)  1  causing disgrace; ignominious 不名誉的；可耻的 2  unprincipled 不讲道德的 □ dishonourableness  n.  □ dishonourably  adv.  

dishrag /ˈdiʃræɡ/ n.  = DISHCLOTH 

dishwasher /ˈdiʃwɒʃə/ n.  1  a machine for automatically washing dishes 洗碟机 2  a person employed to wash dishes 洗碟工，洗碟者

dishwater /ˈdiʃwɔ:tə/ n.  water in which dishes have been washed 洗碟水(洗过碗碟的水)

dishy /ˈdiʃi/ adj. (dishier, dishiest) Brit. slang  sexually attractive [英] [俚语]性感的 [DISH n. 4 + -Y1]

disillusion /disiˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n. & v. ●n.  freedom from illusions; disenchantment 醒悟；不抱幻想 ●v. tr.  rid of illusions; disenchant 使醒悟；使不着迷 □ disillusionize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ disillusionment  n.  

disincentive /disinˈsentiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  something that tends to discourage a particular action etc. (对特别行动等)起抑制作用的事物 2 Econ.  a source of discouragement to productivity or progress 【经】(对经济发展起抑制作用的)制止因素 ●adj.  tending to discourage 抑制的；制止的

disinclination /ˌdisinkliˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  the absence of willingness; a reluctance 不愿；勉强；厌恶  a disinclination for work  厌恶工作 disinclination to go  不愿去

disincline /disinˈklain/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin. or for)  make unwilling or reluctant 使不愿；使不欲

disincorporate /disinˈkɔ:pəreit/ v. tr.  dissolve (a corporate body) 解散(法人团体)

disinfect /disinˈfekt/ v. tr.  cleanse (a wound, a room, clothes, etc.) of infection, esp. with a disinfectant (尤指用消毒剂或杀菌剂)为(伤口、房间、衣物等)消毒；杀菌 □ disinfection  n.   [French désinfecter (as DIS-, INFECT)]

disinfectant /disinˈfekt(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a usu. commercially produced chemical liquid that destroys germs etc. (杀病菌等的)消毒剂(通常为商用生产的化学溶液) ●adj.  causing disinfection 消毒的

disinfest /disinˈfest/ v. tr.  rid (a person, a building, etc.) of vermin, infesting insects, etc. 除去(身体、建筑物等的)有害动物(寄生虫等) □ disinfestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disinflation /disinˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Econ.  a policy designed to counteract inflation without causing deflation 【经】制止通货膨胀，通货紧缩(政策) □ disinflationary  adj.  

disinformation /ˌdisinfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  false information, intended to mislead 假情报，假消息

disingenuous /disinˈdʒenjʊəs/ adj.  having secret motives; dishonest; insincere 诡诈的；不坦率的；不真诚的 □ disingenuously  adv.  □ disingenuousness  n.  

disinherit /disinˈherit/ v. tr. (disinherited, disinheriting)  reject as one's heir; deprive of the right of inheritance 拒绝…成为继承人；剥夺…的继承权 □ disinheritance  n.   [Middle English from DIS- + INHERIT in obsolete sense ‘make heir’]

disintegrate /disˈintiɡreit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  a  separate into component parts or fragments; crumble; decay (使)分裂； (使)碎裂；使粉碎；使衰退b  lose or cause to lose cohesion (使)瓦解； (使)解体 2 intr. colloq.  deteriorate mentally or physically [口]心理(或生理)状况恶化 3 intr. & tr. Physics  undergo or cause to undergo disintegration 【物理学】(使)裂变；蜕变 □ disintegrative  /-ɡrətiv/ adj.  □ disintegrator  n.  

disintegration /disˌintiˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disintegrating 瓦解；崩溃 2 Physics  any process in which a nucleus emits a particle or particles or divides into smaller nuclei 【物理学】裂变；蜕变

disinter /disinˈtɜ:/ v. tr. (disinterred, disinterring)  1  remove (esp. a corpse) from the ground; unearth; exhume (从地下)掘出(尤指尸体)；发掘(出) 2  find by delving 找出  disinterred the letter from the back of the drawer  从抽屉的后部翻出了信 □ disinterment  n.   [French désenterrer (as DIS-, INTER)]

disinterest /disˈint(ə)rist/ n.  1 disp.  lack of interest; unconcern [异议]无兴趣；不关心；冷淡 2  impartiality 不偏不倚；公正■Usage 用法说明 The use of disinterest in sense 1 to mean ‘lack of interest’ is sometimes objected to, but it is in this sense that is is most commonly found and the alternative uninterest is rare. The phrase lack of interest avoids both ambiguity and accusations of incorrect usage. 词语 disinterest 释义 1 的解释“无兴趣”有时遭到反对，然而又经常为人们所用，也极少用 uninterest 一词替代。使用短语 lack of interest ，既避免了意思含糊不清，也避免了对该词因用法错误而遭到的指责。 

disinterested /disˈint(ə)ristid/ adj.  1  not influenced by one's own advantage; impartial 无私的；公正的 2 disp.  uninterested [异议]无兴趣的；不关心的 □ disinterestedly  adv.  □ disinterestedness  n.   [past part. of disinterest ‘divest of interest’]■Usage 用法说明 Disinterested is commonly used informally to mean ‘uninterested’, but this is widely regarded as incorrect. 在非正式场合 disinterested 通常被用来表示“无兴趣”，然而人们普遍认为此用法不当。 

disinvest /disinˈvest/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 from, or absol. [含宾])  reduce or dispose of one's investment (in a place, company, etc.) 减资，抽回(在某地、某公司等的)投资资本 □ disinvestment  n.  

disjecta membra /disˌdʒektə ˈmembrə/ n. pl.  scattered remains; fragments, esp. of written work (尤指书写作品)断编残简；断片，残片 [Latin, alteration of disjecti membra poetae (Horace) ‘limbs of a dismembered poet’]

disjoin /disˈdʒɔin/ v. tr.  separate or disunite; part 使分开；使分离 [Middle English via Old French desjoindre from Latin disjungere (as DIS-, jungere junct- ‘join’)]

disjoint /disˈdʒɔint/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  take apart at the joints 使脱臼 2 (as 作 disjointed adj.) (esp. of conversation) incoherent; desultory (尤指对话)不连贯的；无条理的 3  disturb the working or connection of; dislocate 支离破碎；使混乱 ●adj. (of two or more sets) having no elements in common (两个或两个以上的集)无共同成分的；分离的 □ disjointedly  adv.  □ disjointedness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete disjoint (adj.), from past part. of Old French desjoindre (as DISJOIN)]

disjunct /ˈdisdʒʌŋ(k)t/ n.  1 Logic  each of the terms of a disjunctive proposition 【逻辑学】选言肢；选言命题 2 Gram.  an adverb or adverbial phrase that expresses a writer's or speaker's attitude to the content of the sentence in which it occurs 【语法】分离性状语，评注性状语

disjunction /disˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of disjoining; separation 分离；分裂b  an instance of this 分开 2 Logic  the relation of two mutually incompatible alternatives; a statement expressing this (esp. using the word ‘or’) 【逻辑学】析取； (通常用“ or ”一词的)析取命题，选言命题 [Middle English from Old French disjunction or Latin disjunctio (as DISJOIN)]

disjunctive /disˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  involving separation; disjoining 分离性的，分离的 2 Gram. (esp. of a conjunction) expressing a choice between two words etc. e.g. or in asked if he was going or staying (cf. 参见 COPULATIVE 2a) 【语法】(尤指连词，于两词等之间)表达转折的；反意的(如在 asked if he was going or staying 中的“ or ”) 3 Logic (of a proposition) expressing alternatives 【逻辑学】(命题)两者择一的，选言的 ●n.  1 Gram.  a disjunctive conjunction or other word 【语法】转折连词(反意连词，区别连词) 2 Logic  a disjunctive proposition 【逻辑学】选言命题 □ disjunctively  adv.   [Middle English from Latin disjunctivus (as DISJOIN)]

disjuncture /disˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃə/ n.  a disjointed state; a separation, a disconnection 分离；分裂 [medieval Latin disjunctura, disjunct- (as DISJUNCTION)]

disk var.  of DISC  (esp. US & Computing [尤美]【计算】) DISC 的变体

disk drive n.  a mechanism for rotating a disk and reading or writing data from or to it 磁盘驱动器

diskette /diˈsket/ n. Computing 【计算】  = FLOPPYn. 

dislike /disˈlaik/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  have an aversion or objection to; not like 讨厌；厌恶；不喜欢 ●n.  1  a feeling of repugnance or not liking 反感；厌恶，不喜欢 2  an object of dislike 不喜欢之物 □ dislikable  adj. (also 亦作 dislikeable)  

dislocate /ˈdislə(ʊ)keit/ v. tr.  1  disturb the normal connection of (esp. a joint in the body) 使改变位置；使脱位(尤指身体关节) 2  disrupt; put out of order 使中断；使陷入混乱 3  displace 移置；转移 [probably back-formation from DISLOCATION]

dislocation /dislə(ʊ)ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or result of dislocating 变位；脱臼 2 Crystallog.  the displacement of part of a crystal lattice structure 【晶】(晶格结构部分)位错 [Middle English from Old French dislocation or medieval Latin dislocatio, from dislocare (as DIS-, locare ‘place’)]

dislodge /disˈlɒdʒ/ v. tr.  remove from an established or fixed position 驱逐；逐出  was dislodged from his directorship  他被免除董事职务 □ dislodgement  n. (also 亦作 dislodgment)   [Middle English from Old French dislog(i)er (as DIS-, LODGE)]

disloyal /disˈlɔi(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  not loyal; unfaithful 不忠的，不诚实的 2  untrue to one's allegiance; treacherous to one's government etc. 不忠的； (对某人的国家等)叛逆的 □ disloyalist  n.  □ disloyally  adv.  □ disloyalty  n.   [Middle English from Old French desloial (as DIS-, LOYAL)]

dismal /ˈdizm(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or showing gloom; miserable 阴沉的，忧郁的，悲惨的 2  dreary or sombre 沉闷的；阴郁的  dismal brown walls  阴郁的褐色墙壁 3 colloq.  feeble or inept [口]虚弱无力的；不高明的  a dismal performance  沉闷乏味的表演 □ the dismals  colloq.  melancholy [口]忧郁；沮丧□ dismally  adv.  □ dismalness  n.   [originally noun = unlucky days: Middle English via Anglo-French dis mal from medieval Latin dies mali, two days in each month held to be unpropitious]

dismal science n. (prec. by 前接 the) joc.  economics [诙]沉闷科学；(政治)经济学

dismantle /disˈmænt(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  take to pieces; pull down 拆卸；拆散 2  deprive of defences or equipment 拆除…的防御工事；拆除…装备 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  strip of covering or protection 拆掉…的覆盖物 □ dismantlement  n.  □ dismantler  n.   [Old French desmanteler (as DIS-, MANTLE)]

dismast /disˈmɑ:st/ v. tr.  deprive (a ship) of masts; break down the mast or masts of (船只)拆卸桅杆；折断桅杆

dismay /disˈmei/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  fill with consternation or anxiety; discourage or depress; reduce to despair 使惊恐；使焦虑；使气馁；使沮丧；使绝望 ●n.  1  consternation or anxiety 惊恐，焦虑 2  depression or despair 沮丧；绝望 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from a Germanic root = deprive of power (as DIS-, MAY)]

dismember /disˈmembə/ v. tr.  1  tear or cut the limbs from 割去…的肢体，支解… 2  partition or divide up (an empire, country, etc.) 瓜分；分割(某个帝国、国家等) □ dismemberment  n.   [Middle English via Old French desmembrer from Romanic (as DIS-, Latin membrum ‘limb’)]

dismiss /disˈmis/ v.  1  a tr.  send away, cause to leave one's presence, disperse; disband (an assembly or army) 打发走；让离开；遣散；解散(集会或军队)b intr. (of an assembly etc.) disperse; break ranks (集会等)散开；解散 2 tr.  discharge from employment, office, etc., esp. dishonourably (尤指不光彩地被)解雇；把…免职(免去职责等) 3 tr.  put out of one's thoughts; cease to feel or discuss 忘掉；搁置，不予考虑  dismissed him from memory  忘掉他 4 tr.  treat (a subject) summarily (某事)简单(或草草)地处理；不认真地考虑  dismissed his application  草草了结了他的申请 5 tr. Law  refuse further hearing to (a case); send out of court 【法律】驳回(诉讼；) 拒绝受理 6 tr. Cricket  put (a batsman or a side) out 【板球】迫使(击球员或一方)退场  was dismissed for 75 runs  因得 75 分而被迫退场 7 intr. (in imper. 用于祈使句) Mil.  a word of command at the end of drilling 【军】解散(训练结束时的口令) □ dismissal  n.  □ dismissible  adj.   [Middle English, from medieval Latin dismiss- (as DIS-, Latin mittere miss- ‘send’)]

dismissive /disˈmisiv/ adj.  tending to dismiss from consideration; disdainful 拒绝考虑的；轻蔑的；鄙视的 □ dismissively  adv.  □ dismissiveness  n.  

dismount /disˈmaʊnt/ v.  1  a intr.  alight from a horse, bicycle, etc. 下马(自行车等)b tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  throw from a horse, unseat 使(从马背上)掉下来；摔下 2 tr.  remove (a thing) from its mounting (esp. a gun from its carriage) (某物)从支架托座上卸下(尤指从炮车上把炮卸下)

disobedient /disəˈbi:diənt/ adj.  disobeying; rebellious, rule-breaking 不服从的；叛逆的；违反规则的 □ disobedience  n.  □ disobediently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desobedient (as DIS-, OBEDIENT)]

disobey /disəˈbei/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  fail or refuse to obey; disregard (orders); break (rules) 违反；不服从；违抗(命令)；违反(规则)  disobeyed his mother  对母亲不孝 how dare you disobey!  你竟敢违抗！ □ disobeyer  n.   [Middle English via Old French desobeir from Romanic (as DIS-, OBEY)]

disoblige /disəˈblaidʒ/ v. tr.  1  refuse to consider the convenience or wishes of 不满足…的愿望；不答应…的要求 2 (as 作 disobliging adj.)  uncooperative 不合作的；不配合的 [French désobliger from Romanic (as DIS-, OBLIGE)]

disorder /disˈɔ:də/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lack of order; confusion 无秩序；杂乱；混乱 2  a riot; a commotion 暴动；骚动，动乱 3 Med.  a usu. minor ailment or disease 【医】(通常不重的)小病；微恙 ●v. tr.  1  throw into confusion; disarrange 使混乱；使凌乱 2 Med.  put out of good health; upset 【医】使身心失调；使不适 □ disordered  adj.   [Middle English, alteration influenced by ORDER v. of earlier disordain from Old French desordener (as DIS-, ORDAIN)]

disorderly /disˈɔ:dəli/ adj.  1  untidy; confused 凌乱的；混乱的 2  irregular; unruly; riotous 不规则的；不守规矩的；骚乱的 3 Law  contrary to public order or morality 【法律】妨碍治安的 □ disorderliness  n.  

disorderly house n.  a brothel 妓院

disorganize /disˈɔ:ɡənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  destroy the system or order of; throw into confusion 打乱；搅乱 2 (as 作 disorganized adj.)  lacking organization or system 缺乏组织的，无系统的 □ disorganization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French désorganiser (as DIS-, ORGANIZE)]

disorient /disˈɔ:rient/ v. tr.  = DISORIENTATE  [French désorienter (as DIS-, ORIENT v.)]

disorientate /disˈɔ:rienteit/ v. tr.  1  confuse (a person) as to his or her whereabouts or bearings 使(人)迷失方向(迷惘) 2  confuse (a person) 使(人)迷惑不解  disorientated by his unexpected behaviour  他那意想不到的举止令人迷惑不解 □ disorientation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disown /disˈəʊn/ v. tr.  1  refuse to recognize; repudiate; disclaim 否认；拒绝承认；不认 2  renounce one's connection with or allegiance to 否认…同自己的关系；放弃对…的效忠 □ disowner  n.  

disparage /diˈspæridʒ/ v. tr.  1  speak slightingly of; depreciate 贬低；蔑视 2  bring discredit on 损害…的名声，诋毁 □ disparagement  n.  □ disparagingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desparagier ‘marry unequally’ (as DIS-, parage ‘equality of rank’, ultimately from Latin par ‘equal’)]

disparate /ˈdisp(ə)rət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  essentially different in kind; without comparison or relation 根本不同的；全异的；不能相比的；不相干的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  things so unlike that there is no basis for their comparison 无法相比的事物 □ disparately  adv.  □ disparateness  n.   [Latin disparatus ‘separated’ (as DIS-, paratus, past part. of parare ‘prepare’), influenced in sense by Latin dispar ‘unequal’]

disparity /diˈspæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  inequality; difference; incongruity 不等；不同；差异；不协调；不相称 2  an instance of this 不同(不一致、不相称)的事例 [French disparité from Late Latin disparitas -tatis (as DIS-, PARITY1)]

dispassionate /disˈpæʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  free from passion; calm; impartial 不带感情的；冷静的；不偏不倚的 □ dispassionately  adv.  □ dispassionateness  n.  

dispatch /diˈspætʃ/ v. & n. (also 亦作 despatch) ●v. tr.  1  send off to a destination or for a purpose 发送；派遣  dispatched him with the message  派遣他去送信 dispatched the letter yesterday  昨天把信发走了 2  perform (business, a task, etc.) promptly; finish off 快速处理(事务、任务等；) 速办 3  kill, execute 杀死；处决  dispatched him with the revolver  用左轮手枪处决了他 4 colloq.  eat (food, a meal, etc.) quickly [口]匆匆把(食物、饭等)吃完 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of sending (a messenger, letter, etc.) 派遣(信使；) 发送(信件等) 2  the act or an instance of killing; execution 杀死；处决 3  a  an official written message on state or esp. military affairs 政府(尤指军事)文件，公文b  a report sent in by a newspaper's correspondent, usu. from a foreign country (通常驻外记者发回的)新闻报道；电讯稿c  any written message requiring fast delivery 需紧急递送的信息 4  promptness, efficiency 敏捷；效率  done with dispatch  高效率地办完 □ dispatcher  n.   [Italian dispacciare or Spanish despachar ‘expedite’ (as DIS-, Italian impacciare and Spanish empachar ‘hinder’, of uncertain origin)]

dispatch box n. (also 亦作 dispatch case)  a container for esp. official state or military documents or dispatches (尤指放置政府或军事文件的)公文箱

dispatch rider n.  a motorcyclist or rider on horseback carrying dispatches (骑摩托车或骑马的)通信员

dispel /diˈspel/ v. tr. (dispelled, dispelling)  dissipate; disperse; scatter 消除；驱散；使消散  the dawn dispelled their fears  黎明驱散了他们的恐惧 □ dispeller  n.   [Latin dispellere (as DIS-, pellere ‘drive’)]

dispensable /diˈspensəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be done without; unnecessary 非必要的；可有可无的 2 (of a law etc.) able to be relaxed in special cases (法律等)在特定条件下无约束力的 □ dispensability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [medieval Latin dispensabilis (as DISPENSE)]

dispensary /diˈspens(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a place where medicines etc. are dispensed (配置药物等的)配药处；药房 2  a public or charitable institution for medical advice and the dispensing of medicines (出于慈善目的而设的收费不高的或免费的)施药所 [medieval Latin dispensarius (as DISPENSE)]

dispensation /dispenˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of dispensing or distributing 分配；分发b (foll. by 后跟 with)  the state of doing without (a thing) 省却(某物)c  something distributed 分发物 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  a  exemption from a penalty or duty; an instance of this (处罚、义务的)免除b  permission to be exempted from a religious observance; an instance of this 豁免；(宗教上的)特许 3  a religious or political system obtaining in a nation etc. (一国等的)教规；体制  the Christian dispensation  基督教教规 4  a  the ordering or management of the world by Providence 天命，天道b  a specific example of such ordering (of a community, a person, etc.) (对某社区、某人特别降下的)神的安排 □ dispensational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French dispensation or Latin dispensatio (as DISPENSE)]

dispense /diˈspens/ v.  1 tr.  distribute; deal out 分发；分配 2 tr.  administer (a sacrament, justice, etc.) 实施；执行(圣礼、公正等) 3 tr.  make up and give out (medicine etc.) according to a doctor's prescription (按处方)配(药), 发(药等) 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  grant a dispensation to (a person) from an obligation, esp. a religious observance (尤指按宗教惯例向穷人)发放救济品 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  do without; render needless 摈弃；省掉；没有…也行b  give exemption from (a rule) 免除；豁免(规则) [Middle English via Old French despenser from Latin dispensare, frequentative of dispenděre ‘weigh or pay out’ (as DIS-, penděre pens- ‘weigh’)]

dispenser /diˈspensə/ n.  1  a person or thing that dispenses something, e.g. medicine, good advice (如药品的)药剂师；配药员；(忠告的)施与者 2  an automatic machine that dispenses an item or a specific amount of something (e.g. cash) 自动分发机(如自动取款机)

dispensing chemist n. Brit.  a chemist qualified to make up and give out medicine etc. [英] (有资格配制、分发药物等的)药剂师；配药师

dispensing optician n.  = OPTICIAN 2 

dispersant /diˈspɜ:s(ə)nt/ n. Chem.  an agent used to disperse small particles in a medium 【化】分散剂

disperse /diˈspɜ:s/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  go, send, drive, or distribute in different directions or over a wide area (使)分散；驱散 2  a intr. (of people at a meeting etc.) leave and go their various ways (与会人员等)散开疏散b tr.  cause to do this 使散开 3 tr.  send to or station at separate points 派遣(到)；驻扎(在) 4 tr.  put in circulation; disseminate 散发；传播 5 tr. Chem.  distribute (small particles) uniformly in a medium 【化】使(小颗粒子)分散 6 tr. Physics  divide (white light) into its coloured constituents 【物理学】使(白光)色散 □ dispersable  adj.  □ dispersal  n.  □ disperser  n.  □ dispersible  adj.  □ dispersive  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dispergere dispers- (as DIS-, spargere ‘scatter’)]

dispersion /diˈspɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dispersing; the process of being dispersed 散布；驱散；疏散；消散 2 Chem.  a mixture of one substance dispersed in another 【化】分散质 3 Physics  the separation of white light into colours or of any radiation according to wavelength 【物理学】色散；频散；弥散 4 Statistics  the extent to which values of a variable differ from the mean 【统计学】离中趋势；离散度；离差 5 Ecol.  the pattern of distribution of individuals within the habitat 【态】(在栖息地的)个体散居模式 6 (作 the Dispersion)  = DIASPORA 1  [Middle English from Late Latin dispersio (as DISPERSE), translation of Greek diaspora: see DIASPORA]

dispirit /diˈspirit/ v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 dispiriting adj.)  make despondent; discourage 使沮丧；使气馁 2 (as 作 dispirited adj.)  dejected; discouraged 沮丧的；气馁的 □ dispiritedly  adv.  □ dispiritedness  n.  □ dispiritingly  adv.  

displace /disˈpleis/ v. tr.  1  shift from its accustomed place 移置；转移 2  remove from office 撤换；把…免职 3  take the place of; oust 替代，取代

displaced person n.  a person who is forced to leave his or her home country because of war, persecution, etc.; a refugee (因战争、迫害等原因)被迫流落异国的人；难民

displacement /disˈpleism(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of displacing; the process or an instance of being displaced 替代；取代 2 Physics  the amount of a fluid displaced by a solid floating or immersed in it 【物理学】排水量  a ship with a displacement of 11,000 tons  一艘排水量为 11,000 吨的船 3 Psychol. 【心】  a  the substitution of one idea or impulse for another 移位； (思想感情)转移b  the unconscious transfer of strong unacceptable emotions from one object to another 情感转移 4  the amount by which a thing is moved from a position 转移量

displacement activity n. Psychol.  an animal or human activity which seems irrelevant to the situation (e.g. head-scratching when confused) 【心】替代活动(如心慌意乱时搔头)

displacement ton  see 见 TON1 4 

display /diˈsplei/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  expose to view; exhibit; show 使展现；展示；陈列 2  show ostentatiously 炫耀；夸示 3  allow to appear; reveal; betray 显示；显露；表现  displayed his ignorance  显露出了他的无知 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of displaying 展示；表演 2  a  an exhibition or show 展览；陈列b  a thing or things intended to be looked at 展览品；陈列品 3  ostentation; flashiness 炫耀；夸示 4  the distinct behaviour of some birds and fish, esp. used to attract a mate (尤指某些鸟、鱼为求偶而作的)炫耀行为 5  a  the presentation of signals or data on a visual display unit etc. (视觉设备等)显示b  the information so presented 直观信息 6 Printing  the arrangement and choice of type in order to attract attention 【印刷】特排；醒目排印；特排印件 □ displayer  n.   [Middle English via Old French despleier from Latin displicare (as DIS-, plicare ‘fold’): cf. DEPLOY]

displease /disˈpli:z/ v. tr.  make indignant or angry; offend; annoy 使不快，使生气；得罪；惹怒 □ be displeased  (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with)  be indignant or dissatisfied; disapprove 对…感到愤慨；对…感到不满；不赞成□ displeasing  adj.  □ displeasingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desplaisir (as DIS-, Latin placēre ‘please’)]

displeasure /disˈpleʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  disapproval; anger; dissatisfaction 不快；恼火；不满 ●v. tr. archaic  cause displeasure to; annoy [古义]使不快；使惹怒 [Middle English from Old French (as DISPLEASE): assimilated to PLEASURE]

disport /diˈspɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & refl.  frolic; gambol; enjoy oneself 嬉戏；玩耍；自娱  disported on the sand  在沙滩玩耍 disported themselves in the sea  在海水中自娱 ●n. archaic [古义]  1  relaxation 松弛；放松 2  a pastime 消遣；娱乐 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French desporter (as DIS-, porter ‘carry’ from Latin portare)]

disposable /diˈspəʊzəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  intended to be used once and then thrown away 用后即丢弃的，一次性的  disposable nappies  一次性尿布 2  that can be got rid of, made over, or used 不回收的；可(任意)处置的 3 (esp. of financial assets) at the owner's disposal (尤指金融资产)可支配的 ●n.  a thing designed to be thrown away after one used 用后即可丢弃的物品；一次性物品 □ disposability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

disposable income n.  1  income after tax and other necessary expenditure 可支配收入(缴纳个人所得税及支付其他必要花费以后的部分) 2  the total amount of money at the disposal of consumers in a country, community, etc. (国家、社区消费者所拥有的)可供消费的总货币量

disposal /diˈspəʊz(ə)l/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  the act or an instance of disposing of something 丢掉；清除；销毁 2  the arrangement, disposition, or placing of something 布置，配置；处置 3  control or management (of a person, business, etc.) 管理(人；) 安排(事务等) 4 (esp. as 尤作 waste disposal)  the disposing of rubbish 垃圾处理 5 N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  a waste disposal unit 垃圾处理部门 □ at one's disposal   1  available for one's use 供某人使用 2  subject to one's orders or decisions 由某人支配；任某人处理■Usage 用法说明 Disposal is the noun corresponding to the verb dispose of ‘get rid of, deal with, etc.’. Disposition is the noun corresponding to dispose ‘arrange, incline’. 名词 disposal 相对应的动词是 dispose of, 意思是“摆脱，除去，处置等”；而名词 disposition 相对应的是 dispose ，意思是“安排，倾向”。 

dispose /diˈspəʊz/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  a  make willing; incline 使愿意；使有倾向  disposed him to the idea  使他有这个想法 was disposed to release them  想要释放他们b  have a tendency to 使易于  the wheel was disposed to buckle  车轮容易变形 2 tr.  place suitably or in order 排列；布置；整理  disposed the pictures in sequence  按顺序整理照片 3 tr. (as 作 disposed adj.)  having a specified mental inclination 有…倾向的 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : ill-disposed  易患病的 4 intr.  determine the course of events 控制(事态的发展；) (能)决定  man proposes, God disposes  谋事在人，成事在天 □ dispose of   1  a  deal with 处置b  get rid of 除掉c  finish 完成；结束d  kill 杀死 2  sell 卖掉 3  prove (a claim, an argument, an opponent, etc.) to be incorrect 驳倒(要求、论据、对手等) 4  consume (food) (食品)吃光；喝光□ disposer  n.   [Middle English from Old French disposer (as DIS-, POSE1), based on Latin disponere disposit-]

disposition /dispəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a natural tendency; an inclination; a person's temperament 性情；性格；意向；癖性  a happy disposition  性格快乐 a disposition to overeat  喜欢多吃 2  a  setting in order; arranging 排列；布置；配置b  the relative position of parts; an arrangement 布局；安置 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a Mil.  the stationing of troops ready for attack or defence 【军】部署b  preparations; plans 准备；计划 4  a  a bestowal by deed or will (契约或遗嘱形式的)赠与b  control; the power of disposing 控制；支配权；处理权 5  ordinance, dispensation 法令；条令； (财产的)处分权 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dispositio (as DIS-, ponere posit- ‘place’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DISPOSAL. 见 DISPOSAL 的用法说明。 

dispossess /dispəˈzes/ v. tr.  1  dislodge; oust (a person) 撵出；逐出(人) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  deprive 剥夺；夺去 □ dispossession  /-ˈzeʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French despossesser (as DIS-, POSSESS)]

dispraise /disˈpreiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  express disapproval or censure of 非难；指责 ●n.  disapproval, censure 非难；指责 [Middle English from Old French despreisier, ultimately from Late Latin depretiare DEPRECIATE]

disproof /disˈpru:f/ n.  1  something that disproves 反证物 2  a  refutation 反驳，驳斥b  an instance of this 反驳的证据

disproportion /disprəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a lack of proportion 不均衡；不成比例 2  an instance of this 不匀称的东西；不成比例的东西 □ disproportional  adj.  □ disproportionally  adv.  

disproportionate /disprəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  1  lacking proportion 不成比例的 2  relatively too large or small, long or short, etc. (大小、长短等)不成比例的；不相称的 □ disproportionately  adv.  □ disproportionateness  n.  

disprove /disˈpru:v/ v. tr.  prove false; refute 证明…为误；反驳，驳倒 □ disprovable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French desprover (as DIS-, PROVE)]

disputable /diˈspju:təb(ə)l, ˈdispjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  open to question; uncertain 有争辩余地的；可商榷的；不确定的 □ disputably  adv.   [French or from Latin disputabilis (as DISPUTE)]

disputation /dispju:ˈteiʃ(ə)n, -pjʊˈt-/ n.  1  a  disputing, debating 争论；讨论b  an argument; a controversy 争辩；论争 2  a formal debate 辩论 [Middle English from French disputation or Latin disputatio (as DISPUTE)]

disputatious /dispju:ˈteiʃəs, -pjʊˈt-/ adj.  fond of or inclined to argument 爱争论的；好辩的；引起争论的 □ disputatiously  adv.  □ disputatiousness  n.  

dispute v. & n. ●v. /diˈspju:t/  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, against)  a  debate, argue 辩论，争论；争辩  was disputing with them about the meaning of life  和他们辩论生命的意义b  quarrel 争吵，吵架 2 tr.  discuss, esp. heatedly (尤指激烈地)讨论  disputed whether it was true  激烈争论其是否属实 3 tr.  question the truth or correctness or validity of (a statement, alleged fact, etc.) (对陈述或所谓事实的)质疑  I dispute that number  我对那个数字予以质疑 4 tr.  contend for; strive to win 争夺；力争  disputed the crown  争夺王位 disputed the field  争夺战场 5 tr.  resist (a landing, advance, etc.) 抵抗；阻止(登陆、前进等) ●n. /diˈspju:t, ˈdispju:t/  1  a controversy; a debate 论争；辩论 2  a quarrel 争吵 3  a disagreement between management and employees, esp. one leading to industrial action (尤指导致劳工行动的)劳资双方的争端 □ beyond (or past or without) dispute   certainly; indisputably 必定地；不容争辩地□ in dispute   1  being argued about 争论之中；尚未解决 2 Brit. (of a workforce) involved in industrial action [英] (员工)卷入劳工行动□ disputant  /-ˈspju:t(ə)nt/ n.  □ disputer  n.   [Middle English via Old French desputer from Latin disputare ‘estimate’ (as DIS-, putare ‘reckon’)]

disqualification /disˌkwɒlifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disqualifying; the state of being disqualified 无资格；取消资格 2  something that disqualifies 取消资格的缘由

disqualify /disˈkwɒlifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  debar from a competition or pronounce ineligible as a winner because of an infringement of the rules etc. (因违反规则等)使丧失资格，取消…的资格；使不合格  disqualified from the race for taking drugs  因服用兴奋剂而被取消参赛资格 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, from)  make or pronounce ineligible or unsuitable 使(宣布)不合格(无资格、不适合)  his age disqualifies him for the job  他的年龄不适合做这项工作 a criminal record disqualified him from applying  他因有犯罪纪录而不能申请 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  incapacitate legally; pronounce unqualified 使无资格；宣布…为无效  disqualified from practising as a doctor  取消作为开业医生的资格

disquiet /disˈkwaiət/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  deprive of peace; worry 使内心不平静；使烦恼 ●n.  anxiety; unrest 忧虑；不安 □ disquieting  adj.  □ disquietingly  adv.  

disquietude /disˈkwaiətju:d/ n.  a state of uneasiness; anxiety 不安；忧虑

disquisition /diskwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  a long or elaborate treatise or discourse on a subject (冗长的)专题论文；专题演讲 □ disquisitional  adj.   [French from Latin disquisitio (as DIS-, quaerere quaesit- ‘seek’)]

disrate /disˈreit/ v. tr. Naut.  reduce (a sailor) to a lower rating or rank 【海】降低(海员、水手的)等级

disregard /disriˈɡɑ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  pay no attention to; ignore 不理；漠视 2  treat as of no importance 轻视 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, for)  indifference; neglect 忽视，漠视 □ disregardful  adj.  □ disregardfully  adv.  

disrelish /disˈreliʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  dislike; distaste 不喜欢；讨厌；厌恶 ●v. tr.  regard with dislike or distaste 不喜欢；讨厌；厌恶

disremember /disriˈmembə/ v. tr. & intr. esp. US or dial.  fail to remember; forget [尤美方]忘记，忘却，忘怀

disrepair /disriˈpɛə/ n.  poor condition due to neglect 失修；破败  in disrepair  失修 in a state of disrepair  荒废

disreputable /disˈrepjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  of bad reputation; discreditable 声名狼藉的；不名誉的 2  not respectable in appearance; dirty, untidy 不体面的；肮脏的；破烂不堪的 □ disreputableness  n.  □ disreputably  adv.  

disrepute /disriˈpju:t/ n.  a lack of good reputation or respectability; discredit (esp. 尤用于 fall into disrepute 落得名誉扫地) 丧失名誉；坏名声；无信誉

disrespect /disriˈspekt/ n.  a lack of respect; discourtesy 失敬；无礼 □ disrespectful  adj.  □ disrespectfully  adv.  

disrobe /disˈrəʊb/ v. tr. & refl. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  divest (oneself or another) of a robe or a garment; undress 脱去(自己或他人的)衣服，使脱光 2  divest (oneself or another) of office, authority, etc. 解除(自己或他人的)公职(权力等)

disrupt /disˈrʌpt/ v. tr.  1  interrupt the flow or continuity of (a meeting, speech, etc.); bring disorder to 使(会议、发言等)中断；使陷于混乱 2  separate forcibly; shatter 使分裂；使瓦解 □ disrupter  n. (also 亦作 disruptor)  □ disruption  n.  □ disruptive  adj.  □ disruptively  adv.  □ disruptiveness  n.   [Latin disrumpere disrupt- (as DIS-, rumpere ‘break’)]

diss var.  of DIS  DIS 的变体

dissatisfy /di(s)ˈsætisfai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make discontented; fail to satisfy 使感觉不满；不满足  dissatisfied with the accommodation  对住宿不满 dissatisfied to find him gone  发现他已离去，甚为不满 □ dissatisfaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissatisfactory  /-ˈfækt(ə)ri/ adj.  □ dissatisfiedly  adv.  

dissect /diˈsekt, disp. [异议] dai-/ v. tr.  1  cut into pieces 使切成小块 2  cut up (a plant or animal) to examine its parts, structure, etc., or (a corpse) for a post-mortem 把(动、植物或尸体)解剖(检查其局部或结构等) 3  analyse; criticize or examine in detail 仔细分析；详细评论 □ dissection  n.  □ dissector  n.   [Latin dissecare dissect- (as DIS-, secare ‘cut’)]

dissemble /diˈsemb(ə)l/ v.  1 intr.  conceal one's motives; talk or act hypocritically 掩盖动机；言行虚伪 2 tr.  a  disguise or conceal (a feeling, intention, act, etc.) 隐藏，掩盖(感情、意图、行动等)b (as 作 dissembled adj.)  simulated, pretended 假装的；伪装的 □ dissemblance  n.  □ dissembler  n.  □ dissemblingly  adv.   [Middle English, alteration, suggested by semblance, of obsolete dissimule, via Old French dissimuler from Latin dissimulare (as DIS-, SIMULATE)]

disseminate /diˈsemineit/ v. tr.  scatter about, spread (esp. ideas) widely 散播；传播(尤指思想) □ dissemination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ disseminator  n.   [Latin disseminare (as DIS-, semen -inis ‘seed’)]

disseminated sclerosis  see 见 SCLEROSIS 2 

dissension /diˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  disagreement giving rise to discord 意见分歧；争执；争论；不和 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dissensio (as DIS-, sentire sens- ‘feel’)]

dissent /diˈsent/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  think differently, disagree; express disagreement 不同意，持异议 2  differ in religious opinion, esp. from the doctrine of an established or orthodox Church (宗教观点)不顺从(尤指不顺从国教、正教) ●n.  1  a  a difference of opinion 不同意见；异议b  an expression of this 意见分歧 2  the refusal to accept the doctrines of an established or orthodox Church; nonconformity 不顺从国教(或正教)；新教徒的教义 □ dissenting  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dissentire (as DIS-, sentire ‘feel’)]

dissenter /diˈsentə/ n.  1  a person who dissents 持异议者 2 (作 Dissenter) Brit.  a member of a non-established Church; a Nonconformist [英]不信奉国教者；不顺从国教徒的新教徒

dissentient /diˈsenʃiənt, -ʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  disagreeing with a majority or official view (对多数人或官方的意见)不赞成的；持异议的 ●n.  a person who dissents 不同意者；持异议者 [Latin dissentire (as DIS-, sentire ‘feel’)]

dissertation /disəˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a detailed discourse on a subject, esp. one submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a degree or diploma 专题论文(尤指学位论文) □ dissertational  adj.   [Latin dissertatio from dissertare ‘discuss’, frequentative of disserere dissert- ‘examine’ (as DIS-, serere ‘join’)]

disservice /di(s)ˈsɜ:vis/ n.  an ill turn; an injury, esp. done when trying to help 危害；损害(尤指帮倒忙)

dissever /di(s)ˈsevə/ v. tr. & intr.  sever; divide into parts (使)分离；分割；切开 □ disseverance  n.  □ disseverment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French dis(c)everer, Old French dessevrer from Late Latin disseparare (as DIS-, SEPARATE)]

dissidence /ˈdisid(ə)ns/ n.  disagreement; dissent (意见)不一致；异议 [French dissidence or Latin dissidentia (as DISSIDENT)]

dissident /ˈdisid(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  disagreeing, esp. with an established government, system, etc. (尤指与所建立的政府或设立的制度)持不同政见的 ●n.  a dissident person 持不同政见者 [French, or from Latin dissidēre ‘disagree’ (as DIS-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

dissimilar /diˈsimilə/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unlike, not similar 不同的；相异的 □ dissimilarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ dissimilarly  adv.  

dissimilate /diˈsimileit/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) Phonet. 【语音】  1 tr.  change (a sound or sounds in a word) to another when the word originally had identical sounds near each other, as in cinnamon, originally cinnamom (使) (声音或单词的发音)异化 2 intr. (of a sound) be changed in this way (声音)异化 □ dissimilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissimilatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin dissimilis (as DIS-, similis ‘like’), on the pattern of assimilate]

dissimilitude /disiˈmilitju:d/ n.  unlikeness, dissimilarity 不同处，相异点 [Latin dissimilitudo (as DISSIMILATE)]

dissimulate /diˈsimjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  dissemble 掩饰；假装 □ dissimulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissimulator  n.   [Latin dissimulare (as DIS-, SIMULATE)]

dissipate /ˈdisipeit/ v.  1  a tr.  cause (a cloud, vapour, fear, darkness, etc.) to disappear or disperse 驱散；使(云、蒸气、恐惧、黑暗等)消散b intr.  disperse, scatter, disappear 散开，散布，消失 2 intr. & tr.  break up; bring or come to nothing 中断； (使)落空 , (使)成为泡影 3 tr.  squander or fritter away (money, energy, etc.) 浪费(精力；) 挥霍(钱财等) 4 intr. (as 作 dissipated adj.)  given to dissipation, dissolute 放荡的；浪荡的 □ dissipater  n.  □ dissipative  adj.  □ dissipator  n.   [Latin dissipare dissipat- (as DIS-, supare ‘throw’)]

dissipation /disiˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  intemperate, dissolute, or debauched living 放纵，放荡，生活糜烂 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  wasteful expenditure 浪费  dissipation of resources  资源浪费 3  scattering, dispersion, or disintegration 分散；散逸；瓦解 4  a frivolous amusement 轻薄的玩乐 [French dissipation or Latin dissipatio (as DISSIPATE)]

dissociate /diˈsəʊʃieit, -si-/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  disconnect or become disconnected; separate 分离；使脱离；分开  dissociated her from their guilt  否认她和他们的罪行有关 2 tr. Chem.  decompose, esp. reversibly 【化】(尤指可逆性地)使离解 3 tr. Psychol.  cause (a person's mind) to develop more than one centre of consciousness 【心】使(某人心思)分裂(不集中) □ dissociate oneself from   1  declare oneself unconnected with 宣称与己无关 2  decline to support or agree with (a proposal etc.) (对提议等)不支持(或不同意)□ dissociative  /-ətiv/ adj.   [Latin dissociare (as DIS-, socius ‘companion’)]

dissociated personality n.  the pathological coexistence of two or more distinct personalities in the same person 分裂人格

dissociation /diˌsəʊʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dissociating 分离；离解；脱离关系 2 Psychol.  the state of suffering from dissociated personality 【心】解体；分裂

dissoluble /diˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be disintegrated, loosened, or disconnected; soluble 可分解的；可解除的；可溶解的 □ dissolubility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ dissolubly  adv.   [French dissoluble or Latin dissolubilis (as DIS-, SOLUBLE)]

dissolute /ˈdisəlu:t/ adj.  lax in morals; licentious 放荡的；好色的 □ dissolutely  adv.  □ dissoluteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin dissolutus, past part. of dissolvere DISSOLVE]

dissolution /disəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  disintegration; decomposition 溶解；瓦解；分解 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后接 of)  the undoing or relaxing of a bond, esp. a marriage, a partnership, or an alliance (契约，尤指婚姻、合作关系、联盟的)取消，解除 3  the dismissal or dispersal of an assembly, esp. of a parliament at the end of its term (尤指议会在任期届满后的)解散 4  death 死亡 5  bringing or coming to an end; fading away; disappearance 终止，终结；衰落；消失 6  dissipation; debauchery 挥霍；放荡 [Middle English from Old French dissolution or Latin dissolutio (as DISSOLVE)]

dissolve /diˈzɒlv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  incorporate or become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution 溶解 2 intr. & tr.  disappear or cause to disappear gradually 消失；使逐渐消失 3  a tr.  dismiss or disperse (an assembly, esp. Parliament) (集会，尤指议会的)解散b intr. (of an assembly) be dissolved (cf. 参见 DISSOLUTION 3) (集会)解散 4 tr.  annul or put an end to (a partnership, marriage, etc.) (合作关系、婚姻等的)废止，解除，终结 5 intr. (of a person) become enfeebled or emotionally overcome (人)软化；被感动  completely dissolved when he saw her  他一见到她就不能自已 dissolved into tears  感动得泪流满面 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into) Cinematog.  change gradually (from one picture into another) 【电影】(从一个画面逐渐入另一画面)叠化；淡入淡出 ●n. Cinematog.  the act or process of dissolving a picture 【电影】(画面的)叠化；淡入淡出 □ dissolvable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dissolvere dissolut- (as DIS-, solvere ‘loosen’)]

dissolvent /diˈzɒlv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to dissolve or dissipate 有溶解力的；可溶解的 ●n.  a dissolvent substance 溶剂 [Latin dissolvere (as DISSOLVE)]

dissonant /ˈdis(ə)nənt/ adj.  1 Mus.  harsh-toned; inharmonious 【音】刺耳的；不协和的 2  incongruous; clashing 不协调的；倾轧 □ dissonance  n.  □ dissonantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French dissonant or Latin dissonare (as DIS-, sonare ‘sound’)]

dissuade /diˈsweid/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  discourage (a person); persuade against 阻止(某人)；劝阻  dissuaded him from continuing  劝阻他别再继续下去 was dissuaded from his belief  劝他改变信仰 □ dissuader  n.  □ dissuasion  /-ˈsweiʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissuasive  /-ˈsweisiv/ adj.   [Latin dissuadēre (as DIS-, suadēre suas- ‘persuade’)]

dissyllable var.  of DISYLLABLE  DISYLLABLE 的变体

dissymmetry /diˈsimitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  lack of symmetry 不对称；不匀称b  an instance of this 不对称(或不匀称)的实例 2  symmetry as of mirror images or the left and right hands (esp. of crystals with two corresponding forms) (镜面内外、左右手，尤指对应形态晶体的)两面(左右)对称；反向对称 □ dissymmetrical  /-ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  

distaff /ˈdistɑ:f/ n.  1  a  a cleft stick holding wool or flax wound for spinning by hand (手工用来卷羊毛和亚麻的)卷线杆b  the corresponding part of a spinning wheel (手纺车上相应的)卷线部件 2  women's work 女红；针线活；女人做的工作 [Old English distœf (as STAFF1), the first element being apparently related to Low German diesse, Middle Low German dise(ne) ‘bunch of flax’]

distaff side n.  the female side or members of a family etc. (opp. 反义 SPEAR SIDE) (家族的)女系；(家庭中的)女方；母系

distal /ˈdist(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  situated away from the centre of the body or point of attachment (opp. 反义 PROXIMAL) 【解】末梢的，末端的 □ distally  adv.   [DISTANT + -AL]

distance /ˈdist(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the condition of being far off; remoteness 远(离)；遥远 2  a  a space or interval between two things 间隔，间距b  the length of this 距离  a distance of twenty miles  距离为 20 英里 3  a distant point or place 远处；远方  came from a distance  来自远方 4  the avoidance of familiarity; aloofness; reserve 疏远；冷淡；隔阂  there was a certain distance between them  他们之间有点隔阂 5  a remoter field of vision 远景  saw him in the distance  看他在很远的那边 6  an interval of time (时间)间隔  can't remember what happened at this distance  记不起在这段时间里发生的事情 7  a  the full length of a race etc. (赛跑等的)全程b Brit. Racing  a length of 240 yards from the winning post on a racecourse [英]【赛马】跑马终点线前 240 码处c Boxing  the scheduled length of a fight 【拳击】(规定的)比赛持续时间 ●v. tr. (often 常作 refl.)  1  place far off 使远离  distanced herself from them  她使自己远离他们 distanced the painful memory  把痛苦的回忆置之度外 2  leave far behind in a race or competition (赛跑或竞赛中)把…远远甩在后面；遥遥领先 □ at a distance   far off 有相当一段距离；不很近□ go the distance   1 Boxing  complete a fight without being knocked out 【拳击】(拳击中未被击倒而)赛足回合 2  complete, esp. a hard task; endure an ordeal 成功地完成(尤指艰巨的)任务；自始至终地坚持□ keep one's distance   maintain one's reserve 保持冷淡；保持疏远□ within hailing (or walking) distance   near enough to reach by hailing or walking 在附近；在很近 [Middle English via Old French distance, destance from Latin distantia, from distare ‘stand apart’ (as DI-2, stare ‘stand’)]

distance learning n.  education by correspondence course or from broadcasts, telephone tutorials, etc. (通过广播、电话辅导等的)远程教育

distance post n.  a post at the distance on a racecourse, used to disqualify runners who have not reached it by the end of the race (跑马赛时用的)合格段标志杆

distance runner n.  an athlete who competes in long- or middle-distance races (中)长跑运动员

distant /ˈdist(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  far away in space or time 远的；久远的b (usu. 通常作 predic.; often foll. by 常后跟 from)  at a specified distance 有一段距离的  three miles distant from them  离他们 3 英里 2  remote or far apart in position, time, resemblance, etc. (地点、时间、相似程度等)远隔的；久远的；隐约的  a distant prospect  远景 a distant relation  远房亲戚 a distant likeness  约略相似 3  not intimate; reserved; cool 疏远的；拘谨缄默的；冷淡的  a distant nod  不太热情的点头 4  remote; abstracted 远方的；心不在焉的，出神的  a distant stare  出神的凝视 5  faint, vague 模糊的；朦胧的  he was a distant memory to her  她模糊地还记起他 □ distantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French distant or Latin distant-, part. stem of distare: see DISTANCE]

distant early warning n.  a radar system in North America for the early detection of a missile attack (北美探测导弹攻击的)远程预警

distant signal n. Brit.  a railway signal preceding a home signal to give warning [英]远距信号；预告信号

distaste /disˈteist/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  dislike; repugnance; aversion, esp. slight 讨厌；厌恶(尤指轻蔑)  a distaste for prunes  讨厌梅干 a distaste for polite company  不喜欢过于讲究礼貌的伙伴 □ distasteful  adj.  □ distastefully  adv.  □ distastefulness  n.  

distemper1 /diˈstempə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a kind of paint using glue or size instead of an oil-base, for use on walls or for scene-painting [英] (壁画或绘景用的)胶画颜料 2  a method of mural and poster painting using this 胶画(法) ●v. tr. Brit.  paint (walls etc.) with distemper [英]用胶画颜料涂(墙壁等) [earlier as verb, in the sense ‘dilute, steep’: from Old French destremper or Late Latin distemperare ‘soak, macerate’: see DISTEMPER2]

distemper2 /diˈstempə/ n.  1  a viral disease of some animals, esp. dogs, causing fever, coughing, and catarrh (尤指)瘟热 2 archaic  political disorder [古义] (政治)动乱 [earlier as verb, in the sense ‘upset, derange’: Middle English from Late Latin distemperare (as DIS-, temperare ‘mingle correctly’)]

distend /diˈstend/ v. tr. & intr.  swell out by pressure from within (使)膨胀； (使)扩张  distended stomach  肿胀的胃 □ distensible  /-ˈstensib(ə)l/ adj.  □ distensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ distension  /-ˈstenʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin distendere (as DIS-, tendere tens- ‘stretch’)]

distich /ˈdistik/ n. Prosody  a pair of verse lines; a couplet 【诗体】押韵对句；对联 [Latin distichon from Greek distikhon (as DI-1, stikhos ‘line’)]

distichous /ˈdistikəs/ adj. Bot.  arranged in two opposite vertical rows 【植】二列的；两列的 [Latin distichus (as DISTICH)]

distil /diˈstil/ v. (US [美] distill) (distilled, distilling)  1 tr. Chem.  purify (a liquid) by vaporizing it with heat, then condensing it with cold and collecting the resulting liquid 【化】蒸馏(液体) 2 tr.  a Chem.  extract the essence of (a plant etc.) usu. by heating it in a solvent 【化】提取(植物等的)精华(通常加热溶剂取得)b  extract the essential meaning or implications of (an idea etc.) 将(思想、想法等)加以提炼；浓缩 3 tr.  make (whisky, essence, etc.) by distilling raw materials 用蒸馏法制(威士忌酒、香精等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out) Chem.  drive (a volatile constituent) off or out by heat 【化】加热去除(挥发性物质) 5 tr. & intr.  come as or give forth in drops; exude (使)滴下； (使)渗出 6 intr.  undergo distillation 蒸馏 □ distillatory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin distillare, from destillare (as DE-, stilla ‘drop’)]

distillate /ˈdistileit/ n.  a product of distillation 馏出物；馏出液；蒸馏液

distillation /distiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of distilling or being distilled (in various senses) (各种释义的)蒸馏(过程) 2  something distilled 蒸馏物

distiller /diˈstilə/ n.  a person who distils, esp. a manufacturer of alcoholic liquor (采用蒸馏法的)蒸馏者(尤指酿酒者或酿酒厂)

distillery /diˈstiləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where alcoholic liquor is distilled 蒸馏室；酿酒厂

distinct /diˈstiŋ(k)t/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a  not identical; separate; individual 有区别的；各别的；单独的b  different in kind or quality; unlike 不同种类(或性质)的；不像的 2  a  clearly perceptible; plain 明显的；清晰的b  clearly understandable; definite 明白易懂的；肯定的 3  unmistakable, decided 明确无误的；明确的  had a distinct impression of being watched  确有一种被注目的印象 □ distinctly  adv.  □ distinctness  n.   [Middle English from Latin distinctus, past part. of distinguere DISTINGUISH]■Usage 用法说明 Distinct is sometimes confused with distinctive. Note the difference in sense between There was a distinct smell of soap in the bathroom (an unmistakable, clearly perceptible smell), The hall had its own distinctive smell of polish (a characteristic smell). Distinct 有时常与 distinctive 相混。注意以下两句释义中的不同 : There was a distinct smell of soap in the bathroom (浴室里有一股明显的肥皂味) (一种能明显觉察到而不会搞错的味道)。 The hall had its own distinctive smell of polish (大厅里有一股特殊的清漆味) (一股独特的味道)。 

distinction /diˈstiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of discriminating or distinguishing 区别；区分；分清b  the difference made by distinguishing 差别；不同 2  a  something that differentiates, e.g. a mark, name, or title 不同点；特征；特性(如记号、姓名或称号)b  the fact of being different (事实上的)不同 3  special consideration or honour 殊勋，殊荣 4  distinguished character; excellence; eminence 卓越性；优秀；杰出  a film of distinction  优秀影片 shows distinction in his bearing  显示出他风度翩翩 5  a grade in an examination denoting great excellence 优良，优秀  passed with distinction  以优异成绩通过考试 □ distinction without a difference   a merely nominal or artificial distinction 名义上的区别；人为的区别 [Middle English via Old French from Latin distinctio -onis (as DISTINGUISH)]

distinctive /diˈstiŋ(k)tiv/ adj.  distinguishing, characteristic 与众不同的；有特色的 □ distinctively  adv.  □ distinctiveness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DISTINCT. 见 DISTINCT 的用法说明。 

distinguish /diˈstiŋɡwiʃ/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a  see or point out the difference of; draw distinctions between 区别；辨别，分清  cannot distinguish one from the other  彼此不能分辨b  constitute such a difference 辨认出；认出  the mole distinguishes him from his twin  凭这颗痣能从这双胞胎中认出他来c  treat as different; differentiate 有别于；区分  do not distinguish the mind from the body  不要将精神区别于躯体 2 tr.  be a mark or property of; characterize 显出…的特征(或特性)；使具有特色  distinguished by his greed  他因贪婪而出名 3 tr.  discover by listening, looking, etc. (通过听、看等)听出；看清  could distinguish two voices  能听出两种嗓音 4 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 by)  make prominent or noteworthy 使杰出；使著名  distinguished himself by winning first prize  他因获头奖而扬名 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  divide; classify 分类；归类 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 between)  make or point out a difference between 得出(指出)之间的差异 □ distinguishable  adj.   [French distinguer or Latin distinguere (as DIS-, stinguere stinct- ‘extinguish’): cf. EXTINGUISH]

distinguished /diˈstiŋɡwiʃt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, by)  of high standing; eminent; famous 显赫的；卓著的；著名的 2  = DISTINGUÉ 

distingué /diˈstæŋɡei, 法 distɛ˜ɡe/ adj. (fem. distinguée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  having a distinguished air, features, manner, etc. (气派、容貌、举止等)高雅的；雍容华贵的 [French, past part. of distinguer: see DISTINGUISH]

distort /diˈstɔ:t/ v. tr.  1  a  put out of shape; make crooked or unshapely 扭歪；扭曲；使变形b  distort the appearance of, esp. by curved mirrors etc. (尤指哈哈镜等使容貌)歪扭 2  misrepresent (motives, facts, statements, etc.) 歪曲，曲解(动机、事实、声明等) 3  change the form of (an electrical signal) during transmission, amplification, etc. (使电信号在传送、放大等过程中)畸变，使失真 □ distortedly  adv.  □ distortedness  n.   [Latin distorquēre distort- (as DIS-, torquēre ‘twist’)]

distortion /diˈstɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of distorting; the process of being distorted 扭曲；变形；曲解 2 Electronics  a change in the form of a signal during transmission etc. usu. with some impairment of quality 【电子学】(电子信号在传送等过程中的)畸变，失真(通常质量受损) □ distortional  adj.  □ distortionless  adj.   [Latin distortio (as DISTORT)]

distract /diˈstrækt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  draw away the attention of (a person, the mind, etc.) 转移(人的)注意力；分散(思想等) 2  bewilder, perplex 使迷惑；使困惑 3 (as 作 distracted adj.)  troubled or distraught 麻烦的；烦恼的；心烦意乱的  distracted by grief  被悲伤所折磨 distracted with worry  为忧虑所心神烦乱 4  amuse, esp. in order to take the attention from pain or worry 使快乐(尤指为转移疼痛或烦恼) □ distractedly  adv.  □ distractor  n.   [Middle English from Latin distrahere distract- (as DIS-, trahere ‘draw’)]

distraction /diˈstrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of distracting, esp. the mind (尤指思想)不集中，分心b  something that distracts; an interruption 分心的事；打扰 2  a relaxation from work; an amusement 放松；娱乐 3  a lack of concentration 注意力分散 4  confusion; perplexity 混乱；困惑 5  frenzy; madness 疯狂；精神错乱 □ to distraction   almost to a state of madness 到疯狂地步；到不可忍受的地步 [Middle English from Old French distraction or Latin distractio (as DISTRACT)]

distrain /diˈstrein/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon) Law  impose distraint (on a person, goods, etc.) 【法律】扣押(债务人的财物) □ distrainer  n.  □ distrainment  n.  □ distrainor  n.   [Middle English via Old French destreindre from Latin distringere (as DIS-, stringere strict- ‘draw tight’)]

distraint /diˈstreint/ n. Law  the seizure of chattels to make a person pay rent etc. or meet an obligation, or to obtain satisfaction by their sale 【法律】(为偿还租金等)扣押财物；扣押 [DISTRAIN, on the pattern of constraint]

distrait /diˈstrei, ˈdistrei/ adj. (fem. distraite /-ˈstreit/)  not paying attention; absent-minded; distraught 心不在焉的；精神恍惚的；心烦意乱的 [Middle English from Old French destrait, past part. of destraire (as DISTRACT)]

distraught /diˈstrɔ:t/ adj.  distracted with worry, fear, etc.; extremely agitated (因忧虑、恐惧等)心烦意乱的；极其烦恼的 [Middle English, alteration of obsolete distract (adj.) (as DISTRACT), influenced by straught, obsolete past part. of STRETCH]

distress /diˈstres/ n. & v. ●n.  1  severe pain, sorrow, anguish, etc. 痛苦；悲痛；悲伤(苦闷等) 2  the lack of money or comforts 贫困；困苦 3 Law 【法律】  = DISTRAINT  4  breathlessness; exhaustion 气绝；筋疲力尽 ●v. tr.  1  subject to distress; exhaust, afflict 使悲伤；使精疲力竭；使苦恼 2  cause anxiety to; make unhappy; vex 使忧虑；使不幸；使烦恼 □ in distress   1  suffering or in danger 处于危险(或困难)之中 2 (of a ship, aircraft, etc.) in danger or damaged (船只、飞机等)遇难；失事□ distressful  adj.  □ distressingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French destresse etc., Anglo-French destresser, Old French -ecier from Gallo-Roman (as DISTRAIN)]

distressed /diˈstrest/ adj.  1  suffering from distress 悲伤的 2  impoverished 穷困的  distressed gentlefolk  出身名门而穷困潦倒的人 in distressed circumstances  穷困境遇 3 (of furniture, leather, etc.) having simulated marks of age and wear (家具、皮革等)故意磨损的，使具古风的

distressed area n.  a region of high unemployment and poverty (失业严重或生活贫困的)困难地区

distress signal n.  a signal from a ship in danger 遇难信号

distress warrant n.  a warrant authorizing distraint 扣押财物令

distributary /diˈstribjʊt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a branch of a river or glacier that does not return to the main stream after leaving it (as in a delta) (如三角洲的)分流；支流

distribute /diˈstribju:t, disp. [异议] ˈdistribju:t/ v. tr.  1  give shares of; deal out 分发；分配；分送 2  spread about; scatter 使分布；散布  distributed the seeds evenly over the garden  在园子里均匀撒种 3  divide into parts; arrange; classify 分开；配给；分类 4 Printing  separate (type that has been set up) and return the characters to their separate boxes 【印刷】(拆已排好版的活字)还字 5 Logic  use (a term) to include every individual of the class to which it refers 【逻辑学】(项)周延 □ distributable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin distribuere distribut- (as DIS-, tribuere ‘assign’)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 一些人认为所给的第二种发音，即将重音放在第一个音节上，是不正确的。 

distributed system n.  a number of independent computers linked by a network 分布式(型)系统

distribution /distriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of distributing; the process of being distributed 分发；分配；分送 2 Econ. 【经】  a  the dispersal of goods etc. among consumers, brought about by commerce (商品等的)销售；推销b  the extent to which different groups, classes, or individuals share in the total production or wealth of a community 分布(不同群体、阶层或个人占社团生产总值或总财富的程度) 3 Statistics  the way in which a characteristic is spread over members of a class 【统计学】(某一阶层人员特性的)分布；分配 □ distributional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French distribution or Latin distributio (as DISTRIBUTE)]

distributive /diˈstribjʊtiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, concerned with, or produced by distribution 分发的；分配的；分送的 2 Logic & Gram. (of a pronoun etc.) referring to each individual of a class, not to the class collectively (e.g. each, either) 【逻辑学】【语法】周延的； (代词等)分配的(如 each, either)；分布的 ●n. Gram.  a distributive word 【语法】分配词 □ distributively  adv.   [Middle English from French distributif -ive or Late Latin distributivus (as DISTRIBUTE)]

distributor /diˈstribjʊtə/ n.  1  a person or thing that distributes 分发者；分配者；分送者；散布器 2  an agent who supplies goods 销售者；批发商 3 Electr.  a device in an internal-combustion engine for passing current to each spark plug in turn 【电】分配器；配电器

district /ˈdistrikt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a territory marked off for special administrative etc. purposes (具有特别行政等目的的)区；管区；行政区b Brit.  a division of a county or region electing its own councillors [英]行政区(或众议院)选区 2  an area which has common characteristics; a region 地区；区域  the wine-growing district  葡萄酒生产区 ●v. tr. US  divide into districts [美]把…划分成区 [French from medieval Latin districtus ‘(territory of) jurisdiction’ (as DISTRAIN)]

district attorney n. (in the US) the prosecuting officer of a district (美国)地方检察官

district court n. (in the US) the federal or state court of first instance (美国)联邦地方法院；州地方法院

district heating n.  a supply of heat or hot water from one source to a district or a group of buildings 分区供暖

district nurse n. Brit.  a peripatetic nurse serving a rural or urban area [英] (在乡村区或市郊区)巡回服务护士

district visitor n. Brit.  a person working for a member of the clergy in a section of a parish [英]教区长助理

distrust /disˈtrʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  a lack of trust; doubt; suspicion 不信任；怀疑；猜疑 ●v. tr.  have no trust or confidence in; doubt 不相信；不信任；怀疑 □ distruster  n.  □ distrustful  adj.  □ distrustfully  adv.  

disturb /diˈstɜ:b/ v. tr.  1  break the rest, calm, or quiet of; interrupt 搅乱，滋扰；中断 2  agitate; worry 使狂躁不安；使烦恼  your story disturbs me  你的故事令我心烦意乱 3  move from a settled position, disarrange 搞乱；弄乱  the papers had been disturbed  文件给弄乱了 4 (as 作 disturbed adj.) Psychol.  emotionally or mentally unstable or abnormal 【心】有精神病的；心理不正常的 □ disturber  n.  □ disturbing  adj.  □ disturbingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French desto(u)rber from Latin disturbare (as DIS-, turbare from turba ‘tumult’)]

disturbance /diˈstɜ:b(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disturbing; the process of being disturbed 滋扰；动乱 2  a tumult; an uproar 骚乱；喧嚣 3  agitation; worry 烦恼；忧虑 4  an interruption 打扰；中断 5 Law  interference with rights or property; molestation 【法律】(对权利、财产的)侵犯；骚扰 [Middle English from Old French desto(u)rbance (as DISTURB)]

disulphide /daiˈsʌlfaid/ n. (US [美] disulfide) Chem.  a binary chemical containing two atoms of sulphur in each molecule 【化】二硫化物

disunion /disˈju:njən, -iən/ n.  a lack of union; separation; dissension 不统一；分裂；分离 □ disunite  /-ˈnait/ v. tr. & intr.  □ disunity  n.  

disuse n. & v. ●n. /disˈju:s/  1  lack of use or practice; discontinuance 废弃；不用；废止 2  a disused state 搁置 ●v. tr. /disˈju:z/  cease to use 停止使用 □ fall into disuse   cease to be used 废弃 [Middle English from Old French desuser (as DIS-, USE)]

disutility /disju:ˈtiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  harmfulness, injuriousness 伤害；有害 2  a factor tending to nullify the utility of something; a drawback 不便因素；不利因素；挫折

disyllable /daiˈsiləb(ə)l, di-, ˈdaisil-/ n. (also 亦作 dissyllable /diˈsil-/) Prosody  a word or metrical foot of two syllables 【诗体】双音节词；双音节韵步 □ disyllabic  /-ˈlæbik/ adj.   [French disyllabe via Latin disyllabus from Greek disullabos (as DI-1, SYLLABLE)]

dit /dit/ n. (in the Morse system 在莫尔斯电码中)  = DOT1n. 3 (cf. 参见 DAH)  [imitative]

ditch /ditʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long narrow excavated channel esp. for drainage or to mark a boundary (尤指排水或标识界线的)沟渠；壕沟 2  a watercourse, stream, etc. 水道；渠道(水沟等) ●v.  1 intr.  make or repair ditches 开沟；筑渠；修渠  hedging and ditching  筑篱修渠 2 tr.  provide with ditches; drain 开渠；使排水 3 tr. colloq.  leave in the lurch; abandon [口]抛弃；丢弃 4 tr. colloq. [口]  a  bring (an aircraft) down on the sea in an emergency 使(出故障的飞机)在海面上迫降b  drive (a vehicle) into a ditch 把(汽车)驶入沟中 5 intr. colloq. (of an aircraft) make a forced landing on the sea [口] (飞机在海上)迫降 6 tr. US  derail (a train) [美]使(火车)脱轨 □ ditcher  n.   [Old English dīc, of unknown origin: cf. DYKE1]

ditchwater /ˈditʃwɔ:tə/ n.  stagnant water in a ditch 沟中的死水 □ dull as ditchwater   extremely dull 极其单调乏味

ditheism /ˈdaiθiiz(ə)m/ n. Theol. 【神】  1  a belief in two gods; dualism 二神论；二元论 2  a belief in equal independent ruling principles of good and evil 善恶二神(元)论 □ ditheist  n.  

dither /ˈdiðə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  hesitate; be indecisive 犹豫；踌躇 2 dial.  tremble; quiver [方]战栗；颤抖 ●n. colloq. [口]  1  a state of agitation or apprehension 慌乱，紧张；焦虑；恐惧 2  a state of hesitation; indecisiveness 犹豫；踌躇 □ all of a dither  colloq.  in a state of extreme agitation or vacillation [口]极其焦虑，游移不定□ ditherer  n.  □ dithery  adj.   [variant of dialect didder related to DODDER1]

dithyramb /ˈdiθiræm(b)/ n.  1  a  a wild choral hymn in ancient Greece, esp. to Dionysus (尤指对酒神狄俄尼索斯)赞美酒神的合唱诗(或赞歌)b  a Bacchanalian song 酒神节赞歌 2  a passionate or inflated poem, speech, etc. 热情洋溢的诗歌(演讲等) □ dithyrambic  /-ˈræmbik/ adj.   [Latin dithyrambus from Greek dithurambos, of unknown origin]

ditsy var.  of DITZY  DITZY 的变体

dittany /ˈditəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a (in full 全称 dittany of Crete)  a dwarf shrub, Origanum dictamnus (mint family), with woolly leaves 克里特白鲜，白鲜状牛至(白鲜属植物，一种矮小灌木)b US  a similar herb, Cunila origanoides [美]马里兰白鲜，岩薄荷 2  = FRAXINELLA  [Middle English via Old French dita(i)n, medieval Latin dictamus, and Latin dictamnus from Greek diktamnon, perhaps from Diktē, the name of a mountain in Crete]

ditto /ˈditəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1 (in accounts, inventories, lists, etc.) the aforesaid, the same (在账目、报表、清单等上)同上；同前；上述(或前述)的人(或物) 2 colloq. (replacing a word or phrase to avoid repetition) the same [口]同样(替代一个词或短语以避免重复)  came in late last night and ditto the night before  昨晚迟到，前天晚上亦然 3  a similar thing; a duplicate 副本；复制品 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  repeat (another's action or words) 重复(他人的言或行) □ say ditto to  colloq.  agree with; endorse [口]同意；赞成 [Italian dialect from Latin dictus, past part. of dicere ‘say’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, the word ditto is often replaced by ditto marks under the word or sum to be repeated. 当 ditto 用于释义 1 时，人们经常在所重复的词或数字下加表示“同上”的标记来取代 ditto 。 

dittography /diˈtɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a copyist's mistaken repetition of a letter, word, or phrase (在书写中因疏忽而造成的)重复的词语(字母) 2  an example of this 词语(或字母)的重复 □ dittographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Greek dittos ‘double’ + -GRAPHY]

ditto marks n. pl.  two commas (, ,) etc. representing ‘ditto’ , , (两个逗号等表示同上的符号)

ditty /ˈditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a short simple song 小调；小曲；歌谣 [Middle English via Old French dité ‘composition’ from Latin dictatum, neut. past part. of dictare DICTATE]

ditty bag /ˈditi/ n. (also 亦作 ditty box)  a sailor's or fisherman's receptacle for odds and ends (水手或渔民出海时随身携带的)日用杂品袋，针线包 [19th c.: origin unknown]

ditzy /ˈditsi/ adj. (also 亦作 ditsy) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  a  silly or foolish 愚蠢的；傻的b  conceited 自负的，自高自大的 2  cute 精巧的；(聪明)伶俐的 3 (of a thing) fussy, intricate (事物)过分装饰的；复杂的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

diuresis /daijʊ(ə)ˈri:sis/ n. Med.  increased excretion of urine, esp. in excess 【医】利尿(尤指排尿增多) [modern Latin from Greek (as DI-3, ourēsis ‘urination’)]

diuretic /daijʊ(ə)ˈretik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  causing increased output of urine 利尿的 ●n.  a diuretic drug 利尿药 [Middle English via Old French diuretique or Late Latin diureticus from Greek diourētikos, from dioureō ‘urinate’]

diurnal /daiˈɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or during the day; not nocturnal 日间的；昼间的 2  daily; of each day 每日的；日常的 3 Astron.  occupying one day 【天】周日的 4 Zool. (of animals) active in the daytime 【动】(动物)日间活动的；昼行性的 5 Bot. (of plants) open only during the day 【植】(植物)昼开夜闭的 □ diurnally  adv.   [Middle English via Late Latin diurnalis from Latin diurnus, from dies ‘day’]

Div. abbr. [缩略]  Division 

diva /ˈdi:və/ n. (pl. divas)  a great or famous woman singer; a prima donna 出众的女歌唱家；(歌剧中的)女主角 [Italian from Latin, = goddess]

divagate /ˈdaivəɡeit/ v. intr. literary  stray; digress [文学用语]漫游，漂泊游荡；离题 □ divagation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin divagari (as DI-2, vagari ‘wander’)]

divalent /daiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of two 【化】二价的

divan /diˈvæn, daiˈvæn, ˈdaivæn/ n.  1  a  a long, low, backless sofa (无靠背的)长沙发b  a bed consisting of a base and mattress, usu. with no board at either end (两头无挡板只有底座和垫子的)沙发床 2  an oriental State legislative body, council chamber, or court of justice (东方国家的)国务院；枢密院；法庭，法院 3 archaic [古义]  a  a cigar shop 雪茄烟店b  a smoking room attached to such a shop (雪茄烟店的)吸烟室 [French divan or Italian divano via Turkish dīvɑˉn and Arabic dīwɑˉn from Persian dīvɑˉn ‘anthology, register, court, bench’]

divaricate /daiˈværikeit, di-/ v. intr.  diverge, branch; separate widely 分(为两)叉；叉开 □ divaricate  /-kət/ adj.  □ divarication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin divaricare (as DI-2, varicus ‘straddling’)]

dive /daiv/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. dived or US also [美亦] dove /dəʊv/)  1 intr.  plunge head first into water, esp. as a sport (头先下水地)跳水(尤作为一种运动) 2 intr.  a Aeron. (of an aircraft) plunge steeply downwards at speed 【空】(飞机)俯冲b Naut. (of a submarine) submerge 【海】(潜水艇)潜水c (of a person) plunge downwards (人)下潜 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) colloq. [口]  a  put one's hand into (a pocket, handbag, container, etc.) quickly and deeply 突伸(突然把手伸进衣袋、手提包、容器等)b  occupy oneself suddenly and enthusiastically with (a subject, meal, etc.) (对某学科)全身心地投入，潜心钻研；探究(膳食等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  plunge (a hand etc.) into 把(手等)突然伸入 ●n.  1  an act of diving; a plunge 潜水；俯冲 2  a  the submerging of a submarine (潜水艇)下潜b  the steep descent of an aircraft (飞机)俯冲 3  a sudden darting movement 扑，冲 4 colloq.  a disreputable nightclub etc.; a drinking den [口]低级夜总会(低级酒馆等)  found themselves in a low dive  他们不觉来到了一家低级夜总会 5 Boxing slang  a pretended knockout 【拳击】[俚语]假装被击倒，佯倒  took a dive in the second round  在第二回合中假装被击倒 □ dive in  colloq. [口]  help oneself (to food) 自己吃(食物) [Old English dūfan (v. intr.) ‘dive, sink’, and dyˉfan (v. tr.) ‘immerse’, from Germanic: related to DEEP, DIP]

dive-bomb v. tr.  bomb (a target) while diving in an aircraft 俯冲轰炸(目标) □ dive-bomber  n.  

diver /ˈdaivə/ n.  1  a person who dives 跳水者 2  a  a person who wears a diving suit to work under water for long periods 潜水员b  a pearl-diver etc. 潜水采珠者(摸珠者等) 3  any large waterbird of the family Gaviidae, with a straight, sharply pointed bill ; also called 亦称作 LOON 潜鸟；潜鸟科水鸟

diverge /daiˈvɜ:dʒ, di-/ v.  1 intr.  a  proceed in a different direction or in different directions from a point 分出；分散  diverging rays  散射光线 the path diverges here  道路在此分岔b  take a different course or different courses 分歧；相异；分叉  their interests diverged  他们兴趣相异 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  depart from a set course 偏离；背离  diverged from the track  偏离轨道 diverged from his parents' wishes  背离他父母的愿望b  differ markedly 大不相同  they diverged as to the best course  他们在最佳路线上意见迥然不同 3 tr.  cause to diverge; deflect 使偏离；使转向 4 intr. Math. (of a series) increase indefinitely as more of its terms are added 【数】(级数)发散 [medieval Latin divergere (as DI-2, Latin vergere ‘incline’)]

divergent /daiˈvɜ:dʒ(ə)nt, di-/ adj.  1  diverging 分歧的；相异的 2 Psychol. (of thought) tending to reach a variety of possible solutions when analysing a problem 【心】(思维)发散性的，求异的 3 Math. (of a series) increasing indefinitely as more of its terms are added; not convergent 【数】(级数)发散的 □ divergence  n.  □ divergency  n.  □ divergently  adv.  

divers /ˈdaivəz/ adj. archaic or literary  more than one; sundry; several [古义] [文学用语]种种的；各式各样的；好几个的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diversus DIVERSE (as DI-2, versus, past part. of vertere ‘turn’)]

diverse /daiˈvɜ:s, ˈdaivɜ:s/ adj.  unlike in nature or qualities; varied 不同的；相异的 □ diversely  adv.   [Middle English (as DIVERS)]

diversify /daiˈvɜ:sifai, di-/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  make diverse; vary; modify 使多样化；使不同；使改变 2 tr. Commerce 【商业】  a  spread (investment) over several enterprises or products, esp. to reduce the risk of loss (尤指为减少风险而)把(资金)分投在几家公司(或几种产品)b  introduce a spread of investment in (an enterprise etc.) (在企业等)分散投资 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into) esp. Commerce (of a firm etc.) expand the range of products handled (尤)【商业】(公司等)增加产品种类；从事多种经营 □ diversification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French diversifier from medieval Latin diversificare (as DIVERS)]

diversion /daiˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n, di-/ n.  1  a  the act of diverting; deviation 转向；转移，偏离b  an instance of this 转向；偏离 2  a  the diverting of attention deliberately 故意转移注意力b  a stratagem for this purpose 声东击西；掩护  created a diversion to secure their escape  打了个掩护使他们安全逃走 3  a recreation or pastime 娱乐，消遣 4 Brit.  an alternative route when a road is temporarily closed to traffic [英] (当道路临时被关闭时供交通用的)临时通道(支路) □ diversional  adj.  □ diversionary  adj.   [Late Latin diversio (as DIVERT)]

diversionist /daiˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)nist, di-/ n.  1  a person who engages in disruptive or subversive activities 阴谋破坏(或搞颠覆)者 2 Polit.  a conspirator against the State; a saboteur 【政】从事阴谋活动反对国家者；异端分子

diversity /daiˈvɜ:siti, di-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  being diverse; variety 差异；多样性 2  a different kind; a variety 不同种类；变种 [Middle English via Old French diversité from Latin diversitas -tatis (as DIVERS)]

divert /daiˈvɜ:t, di-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, to)  a  turn aside; deflect 使偏斜；使转向b  draw the attention of; distract 转移(注意力)；使分心 2 (often as 常作 diverting adj.)  entertain; amuse 娱乐的；有趣的 □ divertingly  adv.   [Middle English via French divertir from Latin divertere (as DI-2, vertere ‘turn’)]

diverticular /daivəˈtikjʊlə/ adj. Med.  of or relating to a diverticulum 【医】(有关)憩室的

diverticular disease n.  a condition with abdominal pain as a result of muscle spasms in the presence of diverticula 憩室病(由于憩室肌肉痉挛而造成的腹腔疼痛)

diverticulitis /ˌdaivətikjʊˈlaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of a diverticulum 【医】憩室炎

diverticulum /daivəˈtikjʊləm/ n. (pl. diverticula /-lə/) Anat.  a blind tube formed in a cavity or passage, esp. an abnormal one in the alimentary tract 【解】憩室；膨部；支囊(尤指消化道中异常盲管) □ diverticulosis  /-ˈləʊsis/ n.   [medieval Latin, variant of Latin deverticulum ‘byway’ from devertere (as DE-, vertere ‘turn’)]

divertimento /diˌvɜ:tiˈmentəʊ, -ˌvɛət-/ n. (pl. divertimenti /-ti/ or -os) Mus.  a light and entertaining composition, often in the form of a suite for chamber orchestra 【音】嬉游曲(常为轻松娱乐的室内乐组曲) [Italian, = diversion]

divertissement /divˈɜ:tismənt, di:vɛəˈti:smɒ˜/ n.  1  a diversion; an entertainment 消遣；娱乐 2  a short ballet etc. between acts or longer pieces 幕间歌舞(芭蕾舞等)节目 [French, from divertiss-, stem of divertir DIVERT]

Dives /ˈdaivi:z/ n.  a rich man 富豪，财主 [Latin, in Vulgate translation of the Bible, Luke 16]

divest /daiˈvest, di-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of; often 常作 refl.)  unclothe; strip 使脱去衣服；脱光  divested himself of his jacket  他脱掉夹克衫 2  deprive, dispossess; free, rid 剥夺；抛弃；放弃；摆脱  cannot divest himself of the idea  他难以放弃这一想法 □ divestment  n.  □ divesture  n.   [earlier devest from Old French desvestir etc. (as DIS-, Latin vestire from vestis ‘garment’)]

divi var.  of DIVVY1  DIVVY1 的变体

divide /diˈvaid/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into)  separate or be separated into parts; break up; split 分；分开；分解；分裂  the river divides into two  河流分成两岔 the road divides  道路分岔 divided them into three groups  把他们分成 3 组 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  distribute; deal; share 分配，分发；分给；分享  divided it out between them  在他们俩之间分发 3 tr.  a  cut off; separate; part 切割；分隔；分开  divide the sheep from the goats  把绵羊和山羊分开b  mark out into parts 标刻度于  a ruler divided into inches  一把刻有英寸的尺子c  specify different kinds of, classify 区分；分类  people can be divided into two types  人可以分成两类 4 tr.  cause to disagree; set at variance 引起不和；使不一致  religion divided them  宗教使得他们分裂 5 Math. 【数】  a tr.  find how many times (a number) contains another (用某数)除  divide 20 by 4  以 4 除 20b intr. (of a number) be contained in (a number) without a remainder 用(一数)除尽(另一数)  4 divides into 20  4 能除尽 20c intr.  be susceptible of division 被除尽  10 divides by 2 and 5  10 可被 2 和 5 除尽d tr.  find how many times (a number) is contained in another 除；除以(某数)  divide 4 into 20  用 4 除 20 6 intr. Math.  do division 【数】做除法  can divide well  除法做得好 7 Parl. 【议】  a intr. (of a legislative assembly etc.) part into two groups for voting (立法机构等)分赞成和反对两组进行表决  the House divided  议会分组表决b tr.  so divide (a Parliament etc.) for voting 使(议会等)做表示赞成和反对的表决 ●n.  1  a dividing or boundary line 划分线；分界线  the divide between rich and poor  贫富界限 2 Geog.  a watershed 【地理】分水岭 □ divided against itself   formed into factions 分裂成派系而自我削弱□ divide and rule   maintain supremacy by preventing opponents from joining forces 分而治之 [Middle English from Latin dividere divis- (as DI-2, vid- ‘separate’)]

divided highway n. N. Amer.  a dual carriageway [北美]有分车道的公路，分隔式车行道

divided skirt n.  culottes 女用裙裤

dividend /ˈdividend/ n.  1  a  a sum of money to be divided among a number of persons, esp. that paid by a company to shareholders (尤指公司付给股东的)股息，红利b  a similar sum payable to winners in a football pool, to members of a cooperative, or to creditors of an insolvent estate 奖金；彩金c  an individual's share of a dividend 股利 2 Math.  a number to be divided by a divisor 【数】被除数 3  a benefit from any action 获利；效益  their long training paid dividends  他们得到了长期训练所产生的效益 [Anglo-French dividende from Latin dividendum (as DIVIDE)]

dividend-stripping n. Brit.  the evasion of tax on dividends by arrangement between the company liable to pay tax and another able to claim repayment of tax [英]股息税逃避(由应缴税款的公司与另一家有权申请归还税款的公司之间进行的逃税)

dividend warrant n. Brit.  the documentary authority for a shareholder to receive a dividend [英]领取股息(或股利)通知单；股息单

dividend yield n.  a dividend expressed as a percentage of a current share price 股息收益率(每股股利占目前股票市价的百分比)

divider /diˈvaidə/ n.  1  a screen, piece of furniture, etc., dividing a room into two parts 用以分隔房间的屏风(或家具等) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a measuring compass, esp. with a screw for setting small intervals 圆规； (调节螺丝可校正小间距的)分线规

divi-divi /ˈdiviˌdivi/ n. (pl. divi-divis)  1  a small tree, Caesalpinia coriaria, native to tropical America, bearing curved pods 鞣料云实(原产美洲热带的一种结弯荚的小树) 2  this pod used as a source of tannin 鞣料云实荚(可用作丹宁酸的原料) [Carib]

divination /diviˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  supposed insight into the future or the unknown gained by supernatural means 占卜(术) 2  a  a skilful and accurate forecast (熟练和精确的)预测b  a good guess (应验的)猜测；先见 □ divinatory  adj.  占卦的 [Middle English from Old French divination or Latin divinatio (as DIVINE)]

divine /diˈvain/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (diviner, divinest)  1  a  of, from, or like God or a god (来自或似)神的； (来自或似)上帝的；神授的；天赐的b  devoted to God; sacred 虔诚的；神圣的  divine service  礼拜 2  a  more than humanly excellent, gifted, or beautiful 卓越的；天才的；美丽的b colloq.  excellent; delightful [口]极好的；令人愉快的 ●v.  1 tr.  discover by guessing, intuition, inspiration, or magic (凭猜测、直觉、灵感或魔法)领悟，发现 2 tr.  foresee, predict, conjecture 预测，预言，推测 3 intr.  practise divination 卜卦 ●n.  1  a cleric, usu. an expert in theology (通常精通神学的)传教士 2 (作 the Divine)  providence or God 天意，神，上帝 □ divinely  adv.  □ divineness  n.  □ diviner  n.  □ divinize  /ˈdivi-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French devin -ine from Latin divinus, from divus ‘godlike’]

divine office  see 见 OFFICE 10b 

divine right of kings n.  the doctrine that kings derive their sovereignty and authority from God, not from their subjects 神授王权；君权神授(说)

diving beetle n.  a predatory water beetle of the family Dytiscidae which stores air under the elytra while diving (龙虱科)龙虱

diving bell n.  an open-bottomed box or bell, supplied with air, in which a person can descend into deep water 潜水钟(无底盒状或钟状，提供空气，人可借以在深水工作)

diving board n.  an elevated board used for diving from (高台)跳水板

diving duck n.  a duck that habitually dives for food, esp. one of the tribe Aythyini, which includes the pochard, scaup, etc. (尤指潜鸭族)潜水鸭(包括红头潜鸭、斑背潜鸭等)

diving suit n.  a watertight suit usu. with a helmet and an air supply, worn for working under water (通常有头盔和氧气供应，供水下工作用的防水)潜水服

divining rod n.  = DOWSING ROD 

divinity /diˈviniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or quality of being divine 神力；神性；神威 2  a  a god; a divine being 神；神人b (as 作 the Divinity)  God 上帝 3  the study of religion; theology 宗教研究；神学 [Middle English via Old French divinité from Latin divinitas -tatis (as DIVINE)]

divisible /diˈvizib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being divided, physically or mentally 可分割的；可分的 2 (foll. by 后跟 by) Math.  containing (a number) a number of times without a remainder 【数】可除(尽)的  15 is divisible by 3 and 5  15 可除尽 3 和 5 □ divisibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French divisible or Late Latin divisibilis (as DIVIDE)]

division /diˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dividing; the process of being divided 分；分开；分切；分隔 2 Math.  the process of dividing one number by another (see also 另见 LONG DIVISION, SHORT DIVISION) 【数】除(法) 3  disagreement or discord 争执；不和  division of opinion  意见分歧 4 Parl.  the separation of members of a legislative body into two sets for counting votes for and against [议] (议会中赞成者与反对者的)分组表决 5  one of two or more parts into which a thing is divided 部分 6  a major unit of administration or organization, esp. 行政机关或组织中的一个主要单位，尤为 :a  a group of army brigades or regiments (军队中的陆军)师；(舰艇)分队b Sport  a grouping of teams within a league, Brit. usu. by ability 【运动】赛季中的分组；[英]级，组(通常根据水平划分) 7  a  a district defined for administrative purposes (行政管理上所分的)区b Brit.  a part of a county or borough returning a Member of Parliament [英] (选出议员的)选区 8  a Bot.  a major taxonomic grouping 【植】门(主要分类单位)b Zool.  a subsidiary category between major levels of classification 【动】部(主要分类等级) 9 Logic  a classification of kinds, parts, or senses 【逻辑学】分类 □ division of labour   the improvement of efficiency by giving different parts of a manufacturing process etc. to different people 劳动分工(为提高生产效率，不同的人从事不同生产流程)□ divisional  adj.  □ divisionally  adv.  □ divisionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French divisiun from Latin divisio -onis (as DIVIDE)]

divisionalize /diˈviʒ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  organize (a company etc.) into separate divisions 将(公司等)划分成部门 □ divisionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

division sign n.  the sign (÷) indicating that one quantity is to be divided by another 除号

divisive /diˈvaisiv/ adj.  tending to divide, esp. in opinion; causing disagreement (尤指意见)引起分歧的；造成不和的 □ divisively  adv.  □ divisiveness  n.   [Late Latin divisivus (as DIVIDE)]

divisor /diˈvaizə/ n. Math.  1  a number by which another is to be divided 【数】因子；除数 2  a number that divides another without a remainder 约数 [Middle English from French diviseur or Latin divisor (as DIVIDE)]

divorce /diˈvɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the legal dissolution of a marriage 离婚b  a legal decree of this 离婚判决 2  a severance or separation 断绝；分离  a divorce between thought and feeling  思想和感情不一致 ●v.  1  a tr. (usu. as 通常作 divorced adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  legally dissolve the marriage of 与…离婚  a divorced couple  一对离婚的夫妇 he wants to get divorced from her  他要和她离婚b intr.  separate by divorce 离婚  they divorced last year  他们去年离的婚c tr.  end one's marriage with 与…离婚  divorced him for neglect  因弃家不顾而与他离婚 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  detach, separate 脱离；分隔  divorced from reality  脱离现实 3 tr. archaic  dissolve (a union) [古义]解散(联合会) □ divorcement  n.   [Middle English via Old French divorce (n.), divorcer (v.) and Late Latin divortiare from Latin divortium, from divortere (as DI-2, vertere ‘turn’)]

divorcee /divɔ:ˈsi:/ n. (US [美] masc. divorcé, fem. divorcée /-ˈsei/)  a divorced person 离婚者

divot /ˈdivət/ n.  1  a piece of turf cut out by a golf club in making a stroke (高尔夫击球过低时)削起的一块草皮(或泥土) 2 esp. Sc.  a piece of turf; a sod [尤苏格兰]一块草皮；草坪 [16th c.: origin unknown]

divulge /daiˈvʌldʒ, di-/ v. tr.  disclose; reveal (a secret etc.) 暴露；泄露(秘密等) □ divulgation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ divulgement  n.  □ divulgence  n.   [Latin divulgare (as DI-2, vulgare ‘publish’ from vulgus ‘common people’)]

divvy1 /ˈdivi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 divi) colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit.  a dividend; a share, esp. of profits earned by a cooperative [英]股息； (尤指合作性组织的)红利 2  a distribution 分配 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  share out; divide 分摊；分 [abbreviation of DIVIDEND]

divvy2 /ˈdivi/ adj. & n. Brit. slang or dial. [英] [俚语] [方] ●adj.  foolish, idiotic 愚蠢的；白痴(般)的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a foolish person, an idiot 傻瓜，白痴 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Diwali /diˈwɑ:li:/ n.  a Hindu festival with lights, held in the period October to November 排灯节(印度的重大宗教节日，每年在 10 月到 11 月间举行) [Hindustani dīwɑˉlī from Sanskrit dīpɑˉvalī ‘row of lights’, from dīpa ‘lamp’]

Dixie /ˈdiksi/ n.  the southern states of the US 迪克西(美国南部各州的俗称) [19th c.: origin uncertain]

dixie /ˈdiksi/ n.  a large iron cooking pot used by campers etc. (露营等用)大铁锅 [Hindustani degchī ‘cooking pot’ from Persian degcha, diminutive of deg ‘pot’]

Dixieland /ˈdiksilænd/ n.  1  = DIXIE  2  a kind of jazz with a strong two-beat rhythm and collective improvisation 迪克西兰(爵士乐的一种，特点为带强烈的两个节拍的集体即兴演奏) [DIXIE]

DIY abbr. esp. Brit.  do-it-yourself [缩略] [尤英]自己动手(做)

dizzy /ˈdizi/ adj. & v. ●adj. (dizzier, dizziest)  1  a  giddy, unsteady 头晕目眩的，眼花缭乱的b  lacking mental stability; confused 头脑混乱的；困惑的；不知所措的c colloq.  scatterbrained [口]思想不集中的 2  causing giddiness 眩晕的，造成头晕的  dizzy heights  使人眩晕的高处 dizzy speed  飞弛 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make dizzy 使眩晕 2  bewilder 使困惑 □ dizzily  adv.  □ dizziness  n.   [Old English dysig, from West Germanic]

DJ abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  dinner jacket [英]男子餐服；小礼服 2  disc jockey 流行音乐唱片节目的播音员

Djakarta /dʒəˈkɑ:tə/ n.  雅加达 [印度尼西亚首都]

djellaba /ˈdʒeləbə/ n. (also 亦作 djellabah, jellaba)  a loose hooded woollen cloak worn or as worn by Arab men (阿拉伯男子穿的)带风帽(羊毛)斗篷 [Arabic jallaba, jallɑˉbīya]

djibba (also 亦作 djibbah) var.  of JIBBA JIBBA 的变体

Djibouti   吉布提

Djiboutian /dʒiˈbu:tiən/ adj. & n.  吉布提的(人)

djinn var.  of JINNEE  JINNEE 的变体

DL abbr. [缩略]  Deputy Lieutenant 

dl abbr. [缩略]  decilitre(s) 

D-layer /ˈdi:leiə/ n.  the lowest layer of the ionosphere able to reflect low-frequency radio waves.D 层(能反射低频无线电电波的最底电离层) [D (arbitrary)]

D.Litt. abbr.  Doctor of Letters [缩略]文学博士 [Latin Doctor Litterarum]

DM abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 D-mark)  Deutschmark 

dm abbr. [缩略]  decimetre(s) 

D-mark n.  = DEUTSCHMARK  [abbreviation]

DMs abbr. [缩略]  Dr Martens 

DMSO abbr. [缩略]  dimethylsulphoxide 

D.Mus. abbr.  Doctor of Music [缩略]音乐博士

DMZ abbr. US  demilitarized zone [缩略] [美]非军事区

DNA abbr.  deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms, esp. as a constituent of chromosomes, and is the carrier of genetic information [缩略]脱氧核糖核酸(尤作为染色体成分)

DNA fingerprinting n.  = GENETIC FINGERPRINTING 

DNase /di:enˈeiz/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme which breaks DNA into smaller molecules 【生化】 DNA 酶，脱氧核糖核酸酶 [DNA + -ASE]

DNB abbr.  Dictionary of National Biography [缩略] 《英国人名词典》

D-notice /ˈdi:nəʊtis/ n. Brit.  a government notice to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects, for reasons of security [英]国防机密通知(出于安全考虑，要求舆论工具不要发表某些机密情况的备忘录) [defence + NOTICE]

do1 /du:/ v., v. aux. & n. ●v. (3rd sing. present does /dʌz/; past did /did/; past part. done /dʌn/)  1 tr.  perform, carry out, achieve, complete (work etc.) 履行；执行；实现；完成(工作等)  did his homework  做他的家庭作业 there's a lot to do  有许多事情要做 he can do anything  他什么事都能做 2 tr.  a  produce, make 制作；做  she was doing a painting  她在绘画 I did a translation  我翻译过了 decided to do a casserole  决定做砂锅菜肴b  provide 供应  do you do lunches?  你们供应午餐吗？ 3 tr.  bestow, grant; have a specified effect on 授予；给…人以恩惠；带来特殊的效果  a walk would do you good  散步对你有好处 do me a favour  帮我个忙 4 intr.  act, behave, proceed 行动；表现；着手  do as I do  照我那样(去)做 she would do well to accept the offer  接受这个提议对她有益 5 tr.  a  work at for a living, be occupied with 谋生；从事(某种职业)  what does your father do?  你父亲做什么工作的？b  work at, study; take as one's subject 在…方面用功；研究；攻读  he did chemistry at university  他在大学攻读化学 we're doing Chaucer next term  我们下学期选修乔叟诗歌 6  a intr.  be suitable or acceptable; suffice 适合；足够  this dress won't do for a wedding  这件衣服不适合婚礼上穿 a sandwich will do until we get home  回家前吃块三明治就够了 that will never do  那决不行b tr.  satisfy; be suitable for 满意；适合  that hotel will do me nicely  我觉得那家旅馆很不错了 7 tr.  deal with; put in order 照料，处理；整理  the garden needs doing  园子需要整理 the barber will do you next  下一位将给你理发 I must do my hair before we go  在我们走之前，我得做头发 8 intr.  a  fare; get on 进展；继续干  the patients were doing excellently  病人们身体都很好 he did badly in the test  他考试考得不好b  perform, work 履行；做  could do better  能做得更好 9 tr.  a  solve; work out 解答；算出  we did the puzzle  我们解决这个难题b (prec. by 前接 can or be able to)  be competent at 在…有能力  can you do cartwheels?  你能做侧手翻吗？ I never could do maths  我数学不行 10 tr.  a  traverse (a certain distance) 行过；走过(一段距离)  we did fifty miles today  今天我们走了 50 英里b  travel at a specified speed 按特定速度行进  he overtook us doing about eighty  他以大约 80 英里的速度追上我们 11 tr. colloq. [口]  a  act or behave like 扮演；模仿  did a Houdini  模仿霍迪尼b  play the part of 扮演…角色  she was asked to do hostess  求她扮演女主人 12 intr.  a colloq.  finish [口]做完；完成  have you done annoying me?  你气够我了？ I've done in the bathroom  我已洗完澡b (as 作 done adj.)  be over 结束(的)  the day is done  一天结束了 13 tr.  produce or give a performance of 上演；演出  the school does many plays and concerts  这所学校有许多戏剧和音乐会 we've never done ‘Pygmalion’  我们从未上演过“皮格马利翁” 14 tr.  cook, esp. to the right degree (尤指恰到好处地)烹调，煮，烧，煎  do it in the oven  放在炉子上煮 the potatoes aren't done yet  土豆尚未煮熟 15 intr.  be in progress 在进行中  what's doing?  在做什么？ 16 tr. colloq.  visit; see the sights of [口]参观；游览  we did all the art galleries  我们参观了所有的美术馆 17 tr. colloq. [口]  a (often as 常作 done adj.)  exhaust; tire out 精疲力竭，累得要死  the climb has completely done me  爬山可把我累垮了b  beat up, defeat, kill 痛打；打败；杀害c  ruin 毁掉  now you've done it  你把它全毁了 18 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  translate or transform 翻译；改编  the book was done into French  这本书已被译成法语 19 tr. (with qualifying adverb 带修饰性副词) Brit. colloq.  provide food etc. for in a specified way [英口] (以食物等)招待；款待  they do one very well here  他们这儿对人招待得很好 20 tr. slang [俚语]  a  rob 抢劫  they did a shop in Soho  他们在索霍区抢劫了一家商店b  swindle 欺骗；诈取  I was done at the market  我在市场上受骗了 21 tr. Brit. slang  prosecute, convict [英] [俚语]起诉；定罪  they were done for shoplifting  起诉他们入店行窃 22 tr. slang  undergo (a specified term of imprisonment) [俚语]服(刑期)  he did two years for fraud  他因诈骗服刑两年 23 tr. coarse slang  have sexual intercourse with [粗俗俚语]与…性交 24 tr. slang  take (a drug) [俚语]吸(毒) ●v. aux.  1  a (except with 除不能和 be, can, may, ought, shall, will 连用外)  in questions and negative statements 作构成疑问和否定用的助动词  do you understand?  你明白了吗？ I don't smoke  我不吸烟b (except with 除不能和 can, may, ought, shall, will 连用外)  in negative commands 用作否定形式的命令  don't be silly  别犯傻 do not come tomorrow  明天别来 2 ellipt.  or in place of verb or verb and object [省略]替代动词或动词及其宾语  you know her better than I do  你比我更了解她 I wanted to go and I did so  我想去而且我去了 tell me, do!  告诉我，说吧！ 3  forming emphatic present and past tenses 构成强调的现在时和过去时  I do want to  我就是想去 do tell me  一定要告诉我 they did go but she was out  他们的确去了，但她不在家 4  in inversion for emphasis 用于倒装表示强调  rarely does it happen  这事极少发生 did he but know it  只有他知道 ●n. (pl. dos or do's)  1 colloq.  an elaborate social event, party, or operation [口]精心安排的社交活动；精心准备的晚会，精心的手术(或操作) 2 Brit. slang  a swindle or hoax [英] [俚语]诈骗，骗局 □ be done with   see 见 DONE □ be nothing to do with   1  be no business or concern of 不干…的事；和…没有关系  his financial situation is nothing to do with me  他的经济状况和我无关 2  be unconnected with 与…不相干  his depression is nothing to do with his father's death  他的沮丧与他父亲的去世无关□ be to do with   be concerned or connected with 与…有关；和…有联系  the argument was to do with money  争吵与钱有关□ do about   see 见 ABOUT prep. 1d □ do away with  colloq. [口]  1  abolish 废除；废止 2  kill 杀死□ do battle   enter into combat 进入战斗□ do one's best   see 见 BEST □ do one's bit   see 见 BIT1 □ do by   treat or deal with in a specified way 对待；招待  do as you would be done by  你希望别人如何对待你，你就应该如何对待别人□ do credit to   see 见 CREDIT □ do down  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  cheat, swindle 欺骗，诈骗 2  get the better of; overcome 在…中占上风，胜过；克服□ do for   1  be satisfactory or sufficient for 适合需要；适用于 2 colloq. [口] (esp. as 尤作 done for adj.)  destroy, ruin, kill 摧毁；毁灭，杀害  he knew he was done for  他清楚他完蛋了 3 Brit. colloq.  act as housekeeper for [英口]当管家□ do one's head (or nut)  Brit. slang  be extremely angry or agitated [英] [俚语]极端愤怒，躁动□ do the honours   see 见 HONOUR □ do in   1 slang [俚语]  a  kill 杀死b  ruin, do injury to 毁灭；损害 2 colloq.  exhaust, tire out [口]精疲力竭，累得要死□ do justice to   see 见 JUSTICE □ do nothing for (or to)  colloq.  detract from the appearance or quality of [口]有损于(面貌、质量等)  such behaviour does nothing for our reputation  这种举止有损我们的声誉□ do or die   persist regardless of danger 干到底；不成功毋宁死□ do out  Brit. colloq.  clean or redecorate (a room) [英口]打扫，重新装修(房间)□ do a person out of  colloq.  unjustly deprive a person of; swindle out of [口]不公正地剥夺；骗取  he was done out of his holiday  他被剥夺了假日□ do over   1 slang  attack; beat up [俚语]攻击；毒打 2 colloq.  redecorate, refurbish [口]重新装修；翻新 3 N. Amer. colloq.  do again [北美口]重做□ do proud   see 见 PROUD □ dos and don'ts   rules of behaviour 行为举止规范□ do something for (or to)  colloq.  enhance the appearance or quality of [口] (面貌)改观； (质量)提高  that carpet does something for the room  那块地毯使房间生辉□ do one's stuff   see 见 STUFF □ do to (archaic [古义] unto)   = do by □ do to death   see 见 DEATH □ do the trick   see 见 TRICK □ do up   1  fasten, secure 拴紧；固定住 2 colloq. [口]  a  refurbish, renovate 翻新；更新b  adorn, dress up 装饰；打扮 3 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  ruin, get the better of 毁灭；胜过b  beat up 毒打□ do well for oneself   prosper 发达；昌盛□ do well out of   profit by 得利于；从…得到好处□ do with  (prec. by 前接 could)  would be glad to have; would profit by 想要；需要  I could do with a rest  我想要休息一会儿 you could do with a wash  你可以去洗一洗□ do without   manage without; forgo 设法对付过去；将就；弃绝 also absol. [亦含宾]: we shall just have to do without  我们只好将就一些了□ have nothing to do with   1  have no connection or dealings with 无牵连；与…无关  our problem has nothing to do with the latest news  我们的问题与最近的消息无关 after the disagreement he had nothing to do with his father  与父亲争吵后，他就断绝了与父亲的来往 2  be no business or concern of 与…不相干；和…没有关系  the decision has nothing to do with him  此项决定与他无关□ have to do (or something to do) with   be connected with 与…有关  his limp has to do with a car accident  他的瘸腿是车祸所致 [Old English dōn from Germanic: related to Sanskrit dɑˉdhɑˉmi ‘put’, Greek tithemi ‘place’, Latin facere ‘do’]

do2 var.  of DOH  DOH 的变体

do. abbr. [缩略]  ditto 

DOA abbr.  dead on arrival (at hospital etc.) [缩略]到达(医院等)时死亡；送到时已死

doable /ˈdu:əb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be done 可做的；可行的

dob /dɒb/ v. tr. (dobbed, dobbing) (foll. by 常后跟 in) Austral. slang  inform against; implicate; betray [澳] [俚语]告发；暗示；出卖 [variant of DAB1]

dobbin /ˈdɒbin/ n.  a draught horse; a farm horse 挽马；驮马 [pet form of the name Robert]

dobe /ˈdəʊbi/ n. US colloq.  adobe [美口]风干土坯(指砖或瓦) [abbreviation]

Dobermann /ˈdəʊbəmən/ n. (in full 全称 Dobermann pinscher /ˈpinʃə/)  1  a large dog of a German breed with a smooth coat 多伯曼(短尾)狗(一种皮毛光滑、体型大的德国狗) 2  this breed 多伯曼种狗 [named after L. Dobermann, 19th-c. German dog breeder, + German Pinscher ‘terrier’]

dobsonfly /ˈdɒbs(ə)nflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a large neuropterous insect of the family Corydalidae, esp. Corydalis cornutus of N. America, whose predatory aquatic larva are used as bait 鱼蛉(鱼蛉科大型脉翅目昆虫，尤指北美具角鱼蛉，其幼虫常用做钓饵) [origin unknown]

doc /dɒk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  doctor  2  documentary  video-doc  录像片  3 Computing 【计算】  document  [abbreviation]

doch an dorris var.  of DEOCH AN DORIS  DEOCH AN DORIS 的变体

docile /ˈdəʊsail/ adj.  1  submissive, easily managed 听话的；驯良的；易控制的 2 archaic  teachable [古义]可教的 □ docilely  /ˈdəʊsailli/ adv.  □ docility  /-ˈsiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin docilis, from docēre ‘teach’]

dock1 /dɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an artificially enclosed body of water for the loading, unloading, and repair of ships 船坞；码头 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a range of docks with wharves and offices; a dockyard (包括停泊处、办公室的)港区；造(或修)船所 3 US  a ship's berth, a wharf [美]停泊处，码头 4  = DRY DOCK  5 Theatr. 【戏】  = SCENE-DOCK  ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come into a dock 使进港；入港 2  a tr.  join (spacecraft) together in space 使(航天器)在太空对接b intr. (of spacecraft) be joined (航天器)对接 3 tr.  provide with a dock or docks 提供泊位(船坞) □ in dock  Brit. colloq.  in hospital or (of a vehicle) laid up for repairs [英口]住院，在治疗中；(车辆)在修理中 [Middle Dutch docke, of unknown origin]

dock2 /dɒk/ n.  the enclosure in a criminal court for the accused (刑事法庭的)被告席 □ in the dock  Brit.  on trial [英]受审 [16th c.: probably originally slang and related to Flemish dok ‘cage’, of unknown origin]

dock3 /dɒk/ n.  any coarse, broadleaved weed of the genus Rumex 酸模(酸模属植物) [Old English docce]

dock4 /dɒk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  cut short (an animal's tail) 剪短(动物的尾巴)b  cut short the tail of (an animal) 剪短(动物的)尾巴 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  deduct (a part) from wages, supplies, etc. (从工资、供应等中)扣除(部分)b  reduce (wages etc.) in this way (以这种方式)扣除(工资等) ●n.  1  the solid bony part of an animal's tail 动物尾巴中的硬骨部分 2 Brit.  the crupper of a saddle or harness [英] (马鞍或挽具的)兜在马尾下的皮带 [Middle English, of uncertain origin]

dockage /ˈdɒkidʒ/ n.  1  the charge made for using docks 进坞费；停泊费 2  dock accommodation 船坞设备 3  the berthing of ships in docks 停泊处，泊位

dock brief n.  a brief handed direct to a barrister selected by a prisoner in the dock 刑事被告的直接委托

docker /ˈdɒkə/ n.  a person employed to load and unload ships 船坞工作人员，码头工人

docket /ˈdɒkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a document or label listing goods delivered or the contents of a package, or recording payment of customs dues etc. (记录所付关税、应缴款的)摘要；明细表b  a voucher; an order form 收据；凭单 2 US  a list of causes for trial or persons having causes pending [美]备审案件目录 3 US  a list of things to be done [美]待做事情一览表 ●v. tr. (docketed, docketing)  label with a docket 给附上签条 [15th c.: origin unknown]

dock-glass n.  a large glass for wine tasting (品酒用的)大玻璃杯

dockland /ˈdɒklənd/ n.  a district near docks 港区陆域

dockside /ˈdɒksaid/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the area immediately adjacent to a dock 坞边地区

dock-tailed adj.  having a docked tail 去尾的；断尾的

dockyard /ˈdɒkjɑ:d/ n.  an area with docks and equipment for building and repairing ships, esp. Brit. for naval use 造船厂；修船所；[尤英]海军造船厂

Doc Martens var.  of DR MARTENS  DR MARTENS 的变体

doctor /ˈdɒktə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a qualified practitioner of medicine; a physician 医师；(内科)医生b N. Amer.  a qualified dentist or veterinary surgeon [北美] (持有开业证的)牙医(或兽医) 2  a person who holds a doctorate 博士  Doctor of Civil Law  民法博士 3 colloq.  a peron who carries out repairs [口]修理人员 4 archaic  a teacher or learned person [古义]教师；博学之人 5 slang  a cook on board a ship or in a camp [俚语]船上(或营地)的厨师 6 (in full 全称 doctor-blade) Brit. Printing  a blade for removing surplus ink etc. [英]【印刷】刮墨刀(除去过量油墨等的刮刀) 7  an artificial fishing-fly (用作鱼饵的)人造蝇 ●v. colloq. [口]  1  a tr.  treat medically 治疗b intr. (esp. as 尤作 doctoring n.)  practise as a physician 当医生；行医 2 tr. Brit.  castrate or spay [英]阉割 3 tr.  patch up (machinery etc.); mend 拼凑成(机器等)；修理，修补 4 tr.  adulterate 搀杂，搀假 5 tr.  tamper with, falsify 篡改；伪造 6 tr.  confer a degree of doctor on 授予博士学位 □ go for the doctor  Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  make an all-out effort 做极大努力；跑得很快 2  bet all one has 尽其所有打赌□ what the doctor ordered  colloq.  something beneficial or desirable [口]需要(有益或喜爱)的东西□ doctorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ doctorly  adj.  □ doctorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French doctour from Latin doctor, from docēre doct- ‘teach’]

doctoral /ˈdɒkt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or for a degree of doctor 博士的；博士学位的

doctorate /ˈdɒkt(ə)rət/ n.  the highest university degree in any faculty, often honorary (常为荣誉)博士学位

Doctor Martens var.  of DR MARTENS  DR MARTENS 的变体

Doctor of Philosophy n.  1  a doctorate in any faculty except law, medicine, or sometimes theology 博士学位(除法学、医学、神学外) 2  a person holding such a degree 博士学位持有者，博士

Doctor of the Church n.  any of several early Christian and later Catholic theologians 早期基督教神学家

doctrinaire /dɒktriˈnɛə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  seeking to apply a theory or doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations; theoretical and impractical 教条主义的；空谈理论的；脱离实际的 ●n.  a doctrinaire person; a pedantic theorist 教条主义者；空谈理论者 □ doctrinairism  n.  □ doctrinarian  n.   [French, from doctrine DOCTRINE + -aire -ARY1]

doctrinal /dɒkˈtrain(ə)l, ˈdɒktrin-/ adj.  of or inculcating a doctrine or doctrines (灌输)教义的； (灌输)学说的；教条的 □ doctrinally  adv.   [Late Latin doctrinalis (as DOCTRINE)]

doctrine /ˈdɒktrin/ n.  1  what is taught; a body of instruction 教旨；教义 2  a  a principle of religious or political etc. belief 主义(宗教或政治等信念)b  a set of such principles; dogma 学说；教条 □ doctrinism  n.  □ doctrinist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin doctrina ‘teaching’ (as DOCTOR)]

docudrama /ˈdɒkjʊdrɑ:mə/ n.  a dramatized television film based on real events 文献(或记录)电视(或电影)片 [DOCUMENTARY + DRAMA]

document n. & v. ●n. /ˈdɒkjʊm(ə)nt/  a piece of written or printed matter that provides a record or evidence of events, an agreement, ownership, identification, etc. (记录事件证据、协议、所有权、身份证明等的)公文；文件；档案；文献 ●v. tr. /ˈdɒkjʊment/  1  prove by or provide with documents or evidence 用文件(证据等)证明；给提供文件(证据) 2  record in a document 用文件纪录下来 □ documental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin documentum ‘proof’, from docēre ‘teach’]

documentalist /dɒkjʊˈment(ə)list/ n.  a person engaged in documentation 文献资料工作者

documentarian /ˌdɒkjʊmenˈtɛəriən/ n.  1  a  a photographer specializing in producing a factual record 纪实摄影师b  a director or producer of documentaries 记录影片导演(或制片人) 2  an expert analyst of historical documents 历史文献分析专家

documentarist /dɒkjʊˈment(ə)rist/ n.  = DOCUMENTARIAN 1b 

documentary /dɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  consisting of documents 公文的；文件的  documentary evidence  书面证据 2  providing a factual record or report 提供如实记录(或报告)的，记录的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a documentary film etc. 记录片(文献片等) □ documentarily  adv.  

documentation /ˌdɒkjʊmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the accumulation, classification, and dissemination of information 信息的积累(分类和传播) 2  the material collected or disseminated 文件证据，文献资料 3  the collection of documents relating to a process or event, esp. the written specification and instructions accompanying a computer program (计算机程序中规格和指令的)文件(或文档)编制

DOD abbr. US  Department of Defense [缩略] [美]国防部

dodder1 /ˈdɒdə/ v. intr.  tremble or totter, esp. from age (尤指因年迈而)摇摇晃晃；蹒跚 □ dodderer  n.   [17th c.: variant of obsolete dialect dadder: cf. DITHER]

dodder2 /ˈdɒdə/ n.  any climbing parasitic plant of the genus Cuscuta, with slender leafless threadlike stems 菟丝子(菟丝子属植物，一类攀爬的寄生植物) [Middle English from Germanic]

doddered /ˈdɒdəd/ adj. (of a tree, esp. an oak) having lost its top or branches (树木，尤指橡树因枯朽而)脱枝的 [probably from obsolete dod ‘poll, lop’]

dodder-grass n.  quaking-grass 凌风草

doddery /ˈdɒd(ə)ri/ adj.  tending to tremble or totter, esp. from age (尤指因衰老而)蹒跚的 □ dodderiness  n.   [DODDER1 + -Y1]

doddle /ˈdɒd(ə)l/ n. Brit. colloq.  an easy task [英口]轻而易举的事，不费吹灰之力的事 [perhaps from doddle = TODDLE]

dodeca- /ˈdəʊdekə/ comb. form  twelve [构词成分]十二 [Greek dōdeka ‘twelve’]

dodecagon /dəʊˈdekəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with twelve sides 十二角形；十二边形

dodecahedron /ˌdəʊdekəˈhi:dr(ə)n, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. dodecahedra /-drə/ or dedecahedrons)  a solid figure with twelve faces 十二面体 □ dodecahedral  adj.  

dodecaphonic /ˌdəʊdekəˈfɒnik/ adj. Mus. 【音】  = TWELVE-NOTE 

dodge /dɒdʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, behind, round)  move quickly to one side or quickly change position, to elude a pursuer, blow, etc. 闪开；躲开(追赶者、打击等)  dodged behind the chair  闪身躲在椅子后面 2 tr.  a  evade by cunning or trickery 巧妙回避；施计逃避  dodged paying the fare  逃避缴费b  elude (a pursuer, opponent, blow, etc.) by a sideward movement etc. (通过迂回等手段以)躲避(追赶者)，摆脱(对手)，避免(打击等) 3 tr. Austral. slang  acquire dishonestly [澳] [俚语]不正当地获取 4 intr. (of a bell in change-ringing) move one place contrary to the normal sequence (用转调鸣钟法使钟)变序鸣钟 ●n.  1  a quick movement to avoid or evade something (迅速)躲闪(或逃避) 2  a clever trick or expedient 诡计，窍门 3  the dodging of a bell in change-ringing 变序鸣钟 □ dodge the column  Brit. [英]  see 见 COLUMN  [16th c.: origin unknown]

dodgem /ˈdɒdʒ(ə)m/ n. (in full 全称 dodgem car)  a small electrically powered car with rubber bumpers all round, driven in an enclosure at a funfair with the aim of bumping or avoiding other such cars 碰碰车(游乐场中一种相互碰撞又互相躲让着行驶的电动小车) [US proprietary name, DODGE + 'EM]

dodger /ˈdɒdʒə/ n.  1  a person who dodges, esp. an artful or elusive person 躲避者(尤指欺瞒者、瞒混者) 2  a screen on a ship's bridge etc. as protection from spray etc. (船舰桥等上的)防浪屏(防溅隔板等) 3 US  a small handbill [美]小传单 4 slang  a sandwich; bread; food [俚语]三明治；面包；食品

dodging /ˈdɒdʒiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of the verb 用于动词释义 2 Photog.  the deliberate modification of the intensity of a particular part of a photograph during processing or enlarging 【摄】局部遮光法

dodgy /ˈdɒdʒi/ adj. (dodgier, dodgiest)  1 colloq.  awkward, unreliable, tricky [口]难对付的；不可靠的；诡计多端的 2 Brit.  cunning, artful [英]狡猾的；巧妙的

dodo /ˈdəʊdəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a large extinct flightless bird, Raphus cucullatus, formerly native to Mauritius 渡渡鸟(一种现已灭绝的体型大而不会飞的鸟，原产地为毛里求斯) 2  an old-fashioned, stupid, or inactive person (落后于时代的)老式人物；愚蠢的人；迟钝的人 □ as dead as the (or a) dodo   1  completely or unmistakably dead 绝种的 2  entirely obsolete 完全过时的 [Portuguese doudo ‘simpleton’]

DoE abbr. (in the UK) Department of the Environment [缩略] (英国)环境事务部

doe /dəʊ/ n.  a female fallow deer, reindeer, hare, rabbit, etc. 母鹿；雌兔；母驯鹿等 [Old English dɑˉ]

doe-eyed adj. (esp. of a woman) having large gentle dark eyes (尤指妇女)有一双黑色柔和大眼的

doek /dʊk/ n. S. Afr.  a cloth, esp. a head-cloth [Afrikaans] [南非]布(尤指白布头巾)

doer /ˈdu:ə/ n.  1  a person who does something 做某事的人，行为者 2  a person who acts rather than merely talking or thinking 实干家 3 (in full 全称 hard doer) Austral.  an eccentric or amusing person [澳]古怪的人

does 3rd sing. present  of DO1  

doeskin /ˈdəʊskin/ n.  1  a  the skin of a doe fallow deer 母鹿皮b  leather made from this 母鹿皮革 2  a fine cloth resembling it 仿鹿皮织物

doesn't /ˈdʌz(ə)nt/ contr.  does not [缩合]不；没

doest /ˈdu:ist/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of DO1 

doeth /ˈdu:iθ/ archaic [古义]  = DOTH 

doff /dɒf/ v. tr. esp. literary  take off (one's hat, clothing) [文学用语]脱去(帽子、衣服) [Middle English, = do off]

dog /dɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a domesticated carnivorous mammal, Canis familiaris, usu. having a long snout and non-retractile claws, and occurring in many different breeds kept as pets or for work or sport 犬，狗(通常鼻长、爪子不能收进)b  a wild animal of the genus Canis, including wolves, jackals, and coyotes, or of the family Canidae, including foxes 犬科动物(包括狼、豺、郊狼、狐等) 2  the male of the dog, or of the fox (also 亦作 dog-fox) or wolf (also 亦作 dog-wolf) 狗(狐、狼)的雄兽 3 colloq. [口]  a  a despicable person 卑鄙之人；无赖b  a person of a specified kind (…样的)家伙  a lucky dog  幸运儿c US & Austral. slang  an informer; a traitor [美澳] [俚语]告密者；叛徒d slang  a horse that is difficult to handle [俚语]烈马 4  a mechanical device for gripping 止动器；棘爪 5 N. Amer. slang  something poor; a failure [北美] [俚语]蹩脚的东西；失利，不成功 6  = FIREDOG  7 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) Brit. colloq.  greyhound racing [英口]赛狗 ●v. tr. (dogged, dogging)  1  follow closely and persistently; pursue, track 跟踪；尾随；追随 2 Mech.  grip with a dog 【机】用抓具(或夹具)固定 □ die like a dog   die miserably or shamefully 可耻地死去；悲惨地死去□ dog it  esp. US colloq.  act lazily; idle, shirk [尤美口]吊儿郎当；偷懒，逃避工作(或责任)□ dog's breakfast  colloq.  a mess [口]杂乱(之物；) 一团糟□ dog's dinner  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  = dog's breakfast  2 (in phr. 用于短语 dressed etc., like a dog's dinner 打扮艳丽的)  dressed over-elaborately or vulgarly 过分讲究(或庸俗)的穿着  she was got up like a dog's dinner  她起床后的穿着十分艳丽□ go to the dogs  slang  deteriorate, be ruined [俚语]堕落；衰败；毁灭□ not a dog's chance   no chance at all 毫无机会□ put on the dog  N. Amer. colloq.  behave pretentiously [北美口]摆架子；摆阔气；装腔作势□ doglike  adj.   [Old English docga, of unknown origin]

dogberry /ˈdɒɡb(ə)ri, -beri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the fruit of the dogwood 梾木果实

dog biscuit n.  a hard thick biscuit for feeding dogs 喂狗的硬饼干

dog box n. Austral. slang  a compartment in a railway carriage without a corridor [澳] [俚语] (铁路的)货车箱

dog cart n.  a two-wheeled cart for driving in, with cross seats back to back (设背靠背双座的)双轮轻便马车

dog-clutch n.  a device for coupling two shafts in the transmission of power, one member having teeth which engage with slots in another 爪形(或犬牙式)离合器

dog collar n.  1  a collar for a dog 狗项圈 2  a colloq.  a clerical collar [口]牧师领(传教士所带的白色硬领)b  a straight high collar 直高领

dog days n. pl.  the hottest period of the year (reckoned in antiquity from the heliacal rising of the dog-star) 伏天，酷热期(古代认为与天狼星偕日升有关)

doge /dəʊdʒ/ n. hist.  the chief magistrate of Venice or Genoa [史义]威尼斯(或热那亚)的执政官(总督) [French via Italian and Venetian doze from Latin dux ducis ‘leader’]

dog-eared adj. (of a book etc.) with the corners worn or battered with use (书等)翻旧了的；折角的

dog-eat-dog adj. colloq.  ruthlessly competitive [口]狗咬狗的； (竞争)无情的

dog-end n. slang  a cigarette end [俚语]烟头；香烟屁股

dogface /ˈdɒɡfeis/ n. US slang  a US soldier, esp. an infantryman [美] [俚语]普通士兵；列兵(尤指步兵)

dog-fall n.  a fall in which wrestlers touch the ground together (两位摔跤选手)同时肩膀落地

dogfight /ˈdɒɡfait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close combat between fighter aircraft (战斗机的)近距离空战 2  uproar; a fight like that between dogs 喧嚣； (狗咬狗般的)混战 ●v. intr.  take part in a dogfight 进行混战

dogfish /ˈdɒɡfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various small sharks, esp. of the families Scyliorhinidae and Squalidae (尤指猫鲨科、角鲨科的)狗鲨

dogged /ˈdɒɡid/ adj.  tenacious; grimly persistent 顽强的；坚持不懈的 □ it's dogged as does it  colloq.  persistence succeeds [口]坚持就是胜利；天下无难事，只怕有心人□ doggedly  adv.  □ doggedness  n.   [Middle English from DOG + -ED1]

dogger1 /ˈdɒɡə/ n.  a two-masted bluff-bowed Dutch fishing boat (荷兰)双桅渔船 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, = fishing boat]

dogger2 /ˈdɒɡə/ n. Geol.  a large spherical concretion occurring in sedimentary rock 【地质】道格统(中侏罗世；) 铁石结核 [dialect, = kind of ironstone, perhaps from DOG]

doggerel /ˈdɒɡ(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  poor or trivial verse 拙劣的诗；打油诗 [Middle English, apparently from DOG: cf. -REL]

doggie var.  of DOGGY  n.DOGGY 名词的变体

doggish /ˈdɒɡiʃ/ adj.  1  of or like a dog 狗的；像狗一样的 2  currish, malicious, snappish 粗暴的；卑鄙的；恶意的

doggo /ˈdɒɡəʊ/ adv.   □ lie doggo  Brit. slang  lie motionless or hidden, making no sign [英] [俚语]隐蔽地，静候时机 [probably from DOG: cf. -O]

doggone /ˈdɒɡɒn/ adj., adv. & int. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●adj. & adv.  damned 该诅咒的；讨厌的；该死的 ●int.  expressing annoyance 去你的！他妈的！(表示愤怒) [probably from dog on it = God damn it]

doggy /ˈdɒɡi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like a dog 狗的；狗一样的 2  devoted to dogs 爱狗的 ●n. (also 亦作 doggie) (pl. -ies)  a little dog; a pet name for a dog 小犬，小狗；狗儿 □ dogginess  n.  

doggy bag n.  a bag given to a customer in a restaurant or to a guest at a party etc. for putting leftovers in to take home (餐馆或聚会等用的)“狗食袋”(供顾客将吃剩食物打包带回的袋子)

doggy-paddle var.  of DOG-PADDLE  DOG-PADDLE 的变体

dog handler n.  a person, esp. a police officer, in charge of a dog or dogs 训狗人(尤指警犬训练员) □ dog-handling  n.  

doghouse /ˈdɒɡhaʊs/ n. N. Amer.  a dog's kennel [北美]狗窝，犬舍 □ in the doghouse  slang  in disgrace or disfavour [俚语]失宠的；丢脸的

dogie /ˈdəʊɡi/ n. N. Amer.  a motherless or neglected calf [北美]无母犊牛；孤犊 [19th c.: origin unknown]

dog in the manger n.  a person who prevents others from using something, although that person has no use for it 占马槽的狗；占着茅坑不拉屎的人

dog-leg n., adj. & v. ●n.  a sharp bend like that in a dog's hind leg (形如狗后腿的)急转弯 ●adj. (also 亦作 dog-legged)  bent sharply 有急转弯的 ●v. intr. (-legged, -legging)  bend sharply 急转弯

dog-leg hole n.  a hole at which a golf player cannot aim directly at the green from the tee 【高尔夫球】(球不能直线飞入的)弯曲球道；(狗腿形)球穴

dogma /ˈdɒɡmə/ n.  1  a  a principle, tenet, or system of these, esp. as laid down by the authority of a Church (尤指教会当局制定的)教义，信条，教条b  such principles collectively 教理 2  an arrogant declaration of opinion 武断的意见 [Latin from Greek dogma -matos ‘opinion’, from dokeō ‘seem’]

dogman /ˈdɒɡmən/ n. (pl. -men) Austral.  a person giving directional signals to the operator of a crane, often while sitting on the crane's load [澳] (坐在起重机所吊物件上给驾驶员以方向信号的)指令员

dogmatic /dɒɡˈmætik/ adj.  1  a (of a person) given to asserting or imposing personal opinions; arrogant (人)固执己见的；武断的b  intolerantly authoritative 独断的 2  a  of or in the nature of dogma; doctrinal 教条的；主义的；教义的b  based on a priori principles, not on induction 教义的；信条的 □ dogmatically  adv.   [Late Latin dogmaticus from Greek dogmatikos (as DOGMA)]

dogmatics /dɒɡˈmætiks/ n.  1  the study of religious dogmas; dogmatic theology 教义学；教理神学；  2  a system of dogma 教理论 [DOGMATIC]

dogmatism /ˈdɒɡmətiz(ə)m/ n.  a tendency to be dogmatic 教条主义 □ dogmatist  n.   [French dogmatisme from medieval Latin dogmatismus (as DOGMA)]

dogmatize /ˈdɒɡmətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  make positive unsupported assertions; speak dogmatically 武断；武断地提出(或说) 2 tr.  express (a principle etc.) as a dogma 把(原则等)作为教条予以阐述 [French dogmatiser or via Late Latin dogmatizare from Greek (as DOGMA)]

do-gooder /du:ˈɡʊdə/ n.  a well-meaning but unrealistic philanthropist or reformer 不现实的慈善家；空想的社会改良家 □ do-good  /ˈdu:ɡʊd/ adj. & n.  □ do-goodery  n.  □ do-goodism  n.  

dog-paddle n. & v. (also 亦作 doggy-paddle) ●n.  an elementary swimming stroke like that of a dog (游泳的)狗刨式 ●v. intr.  swim using this stroke 用狗刨式游泳

dog rose n.  a wild hedge-rose, Rosa canina Also called 亦称作 brier rose 犬蔷薇(一种野蔷薇)

dogsbody /ˈdɒɡzbɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  a drudge [口]勤杂工，干杂活的(人) 2 Naut. slang  a junior officer 【海】[俚语]低级军官

dog's disease n. Austral. slang  influenza [澳] [俚语]流感

dogshore /ˈdɒɡʃɔ:/ n.  a temporary wooden support for a ship just before launching (船舶下水前用的)止滑斜撑；撑柱

dogskin /ˈdɒɡskin/ n.  leather made of or imitating dog's skin, used for gloves (做手套用的)狗皮；仿狗皮

dog sled n.  a sled designed to be pulled by dogs 狗拖的雪橇

dog's life n.  a life of misery or harassment 悲惨的境遇，受折磨的生活

dog's meat n.  horse's or other flesh as food for dogs; carrion 狗吃的肉；尸体的腐肉

dog's mercury n.  a woodland plant of the spurge family, Mercurialis perennis, with small green flowers (长有小绿花的)多年生山靛

dogs of war n. pl. poet.  the havoc accompanying war [诗]兵燹

dog's-tail n. (also 亦作 dog-tail)  any grass of the genus Cynosurus, esp. C. cristatus, a common pasture grass 洋狗尾草属草(尤指洋狗尾草，一种普通的牧场草)

dog-star n.  Sirius, the brightest star in the sky 天狼星(天空中的最明亮的星) [so called as it appears to follow at the heels of Orion the hunter]

dog's tooth n.  1 (in full 全称 dog's tooth violet)  any plant of the genus Erythronium (lily family), esp. E. dens-canis with speckled leaves, purple flowers, and a toothed perianth 赤莲属植物(百合科，尤指犬齿赤莲，长有褐斑叶子，开紫花、具齿状花被) 2  = DOG-TOOTH 2 

dog tag n.  1  a tag attached to a dog's collar, giving its owner's address etc. (上有主人地址等的)狗牌(照) 2 N. Amer. slang  a soldier's metal identity tag [北美] [俚语] (战时挂在士兵脖上的)身份识别牌

dog-tail var.  of DOG'S-TAIL  DOG'S-TAIL 的变体

dog-tired adj.  tired out 疲惫不堪的

dog-tooth n.  1  a small pointed ornament or moulding, esp. in Norman and Early English architecture (尤指诺尔曼和早期英国哥特式建筑中的)犬齿饰，四叶饰 2  a broken check pattern used esp. in cloth for suits 犬齿状方格花纹(尤用于衣服织物)

dog trials n. pl. Austral. & NZ  a public competitive display of the skills of sheepdogs [澳新] (一种大众化的)牧羊犬技能竞技表演

dogtrot /ˈdɒɡtrɒt/ n.  a gentle easy trot 小跑步，慢跑

dog-violet n.  any of various scentless wild violets, esp. Viola riviniana 野生无香味紫罗兰(尤指黑文尼氏堇菜)

dogwatch /ˈdɒɡwɒtʃ/ n. Naut.  either of two short watches (4 － 6 or 6 － 8 p.m.) 【海】两小时换班的值班，二时班(下午 4 至 6 时或 6 至 8 时)

dogwood /ˈdɒɡwʊd/ n.  1  any of various shrubs of the genus Cornus, esp. the wild cornel, C. sanguinea, with dark red branches, greenish-white flowers, and purple berries, found in woods and hedgerows 狗木(梾木属植物，尤指野生多花狗木) 2  any of various similar trees 类似狗木的树木 3  the wood of the dogwood 狗木木材

DoH abbr. (in the UK) Department of Health [缩略] (英国)卫生部

doh /dəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 do) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the first and eighth note of a major scale (首调唱名法)大音阶的第 1 音及第 8 音 2  the note C in the fixed-doh system (固定唱法的)C 音 [18th c.: from Italian do, an arbitrarily chosen syllable replacing ut: see GAMUT]

doily /ˈdɔili/ n. (also 亦作 doyley) (pl. -ies or -eys)  a small ornamental mat of paper, lace, etc., on a plate for cakes etc. (纸质、网孔织物等的装饰性)小垫；纸垫；小型饰带 [originally the name of a fabric: from Doiley, the name of a 17th-c. London draper]

doing /ˈdu:iŋ/ n.  1  a  an action; the performance of a deed 动作；行为  famous for his doings  他的事迹出了名 it was my doing  是我所为b  activity, effort 活动；努力  it takes a lot of doing  此事相当困难 2 colloq.  a scolding; a beating [口]骂；打 3 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Brit. slang  things needed; adjuncts; things whose names are not known [尤英] [俚语]那东西(所需之物、附属物、不知其名的东西)  have we got all the doings?  我们拿到了所有的东西了吗？

doit /dɔit/ n. archaic  a very small amount of money [古义]极小的金额；几文钱 [Middle Low German doyt, Middle Dutch duit, of unknown origin]

do-it-yourself adj. & n. ●adj. (of work, esp. building, painting, decorating, etc.) done or to be done by an amateur at home (尤指建造、绘画、装饰等工作)自己动手的；万事不求人的 ●n.  such work 一切自理；自己动手

dojo /ˈdəʊdʒəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a room or hall in which judo and other martial arts are practised 柔道(或空手道等的)训练学校；柔道馆 2  a mat on which judo etc. is practised 柔道(空手道等的)练习垫 [Japanese, from dō ‘way, pursuit’ + jō ‘a place’]

dol. abbr. [缩略]  dollar(s) 

Dolby /ˈdɒlbi, ˈdəʊl-/ n. propr.  an electronic noise-reduction system used esp. in tape-recording to reduce hiss [商标]杜比降噪系统(尤指在磁带录音中降低嘶嘶声的噪音减弱系统) [named after R. M. Dolby, US inventor]

dolce /ˈdɒltʃei/ adv. & adj. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  sweetly and softly 甜美温柔地 ●adj.  performed in this manner 甜美温柔的 [Italian, = sweet]

dolce far niente /ˌdɒltʃei fɑ: niˈenti, 意 ˌdoltʃe far niˈɛnte/ n.  pleasant idleness 愉悦悠闲 [Italian, = sweet doing nothing]

Dolcelatte /dɒltʃeiˈlæti/ n.  a kind of soft creamy blue-veined cheese from Italy (略呈脉络状奶油蓝的柔软)意大利乳酪 [Italian, = sweet milk]

dolce vita /dɒltʃei ˈvi:tə, 意 doltʃe ˈvi:ta/ n.  a life of pleasure and luxury 愉悦奢华的生活 [Italian, = sweet life]

doldrums /ˈdɒldrəmz/ n. pl. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  1  low spirits; a feeling of boredom or depression 忧郁；厌倦；沮丧 2  a period of inactivity or state of stagnation 不景气(或停滞)时期 3  an equatorial ocean region of calms, sudden storms, and light unpredictable winds 赤道无(少)风带 [probably from dull and tantrum]

dole1 /dəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) Brit. colloq.  benefit claimable by the unemployed from the State [英口] (政府发放的)失业救济金 2  a  charitable distribution 慈善救济b  a charitable (esp. sparing, niggardly) gift of food, clothes, or money (尤指有限或少量发放的)救济品(食品、衣服或金钱) 3 archaic  one's lot or destiny [古义] (人的)运气(或命运) ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  deal out sparingly 少量分发 □ on the dole  colloq.  receiving state benefit for the unemployed [口]接受国家对失业者救助的 [Old English dɑˉl, from Germanic]

dole2 /dəʊl/ n. poet.  grief, woe; lamentation [诗]悲痛；悲哀；哀悼 [Middle English via Old French do(e)l etc. and popular Latin dolus from Latin dolēre ‘grieve’]

dole-bludger n. Austral. slang  a person who allegedly prefers the dole to work [澳] [俚语]宁要救济而不愿工作的人

doleful /ˈdəʊlfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  mournful, sad 悲哀的；忧愁的 2  dreary, dismal 沉闷的；阴沉的 □ dolefully  adv.  □ dolefulness  n.   [Middle English from DOLE2 + -FUL]

dolerite /ˈdɒlərait/ n.  a coarse basaltic rock 粗粒玄武岩；辉绿岩 [French dolérite from Greek doleros ‘deceptive’ (because it is difficult to distinguish from diorite)]

dolichocephalic /ˌdɒlikəʊsiˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj. (also 亦作 dolichocephalous /-ˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/)  having a long or narrow head 长头的，狭长头形的 [Greek dolikhos ‘long’ + -CEPHALIC, -CEPHALOUS]

dolina /dɒˈli:nə/ n. (also 亦作 doline /dɒˈli:n/) Geol.  an extensive depression or basin 【地质】(石)灰岩坑；落水洞 [Russian dolina ‘valley’]

doll /dɒl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small model of a human figure, esp. a baby or a child, as a child's toy (尤指小孩或儿童式样的)玩偶 2  a colloq.  a pretty but silly young woman [口]美丽但无头脑的女子b slang  a young woman (or also US a young man), esp. an attractive one [俚语]年轻女子； [亦美] (尤指)英俊少年 3  a ventriloquist's dummy (口技表演者使用的)木偶 ●v. tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 up; often 常作 refl.)  dress up smartly 潇洒地打扮；(把…)打扮得漂漂亮亮 [pet form of the name Dorothy]

dollar /ˈdɒlə/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of the US, Canada, and Australia 元(美国、加拿大和澳大利亚的主要货币单位) 2  the chief monetary unit of certain countries in the Pacific, West Indies, SE Asia, Africa, and S. America 元(在太平洋、西印度群岛、东南亚、非洲以及南美洲的一些国家的主要货币单位) [Low German daler from German Taler, short for Joachimstaler, a coin from the silver mine of Joachimstal, now Jɑˊchymov in the Czech Republic]

dollar area n.  the area in which currency is linked to the US dollar 美元(地)区

dollar diplomacy n.  diplomatic activity aimed at advancing a country's international influence by furthering its financial and commercial interests abroad 金元外交

dollar gap n.  the excess of a country's import trade with the dollar area over the corresponding export trade 美元短缺

dollarization /dɒləraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -sation)  a dominating effect of the US on the economy of a country, esp. the linkage of a currency to the US dollar 美元化； (尤指货币与美元有联系而产生的)美元对一国经济的支配作用

dollar mark n. (also 亦作 dollar sign)  the sign $, representing a dollar 美元标记(或记号)

dollar spot n.  1  a fungal disease of lawns etc. (草地等上由真菌引起的)草坪银元斑病 2  a discoloured patch caused by this 银元斑

dollop /ˈdɒləp/ n. & v. ●n.  a shapeless lump of food etc. (食品等无形状的)块；团 ●v. tr. (dolloped, dolloping) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  serve out in large shapeless quantities (将无形状的食物一份份地)舀取分发 [perhaps from Scandinavian]

doll's house n. (N. Amer. [北美] dollhouse)  1  a miniature toy house for dolls (儿童放玩具娃娃的)玩具房屋 2  a very small house 极小的住所

Dolly /dɒli/   多利 [人名]

dolly /ˈdɒli/ n., v. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a child's name for a doll 娃娃(儿语指玩偶) 2  a movable platform for a cine-camera 移动电影摄影机车(滑动台架) 3 Cricket colloq.  an easy catch or hit 【板球】[口]易接(击)球 4  a stick for stirring clothes in a washtub 洗衣搅棒 5  = CORN DOLLY  6 colloq. [口]  = DOLLY-BIRD  ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  dress up smartly 潇洒地打扮 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  move a cine-camera in or up to a subject, or out from it 移动摄影机车，推摄 ●adj. (dollier, dolliest)  1 Brit. colloq. (esp. of a girl) attractive, stylish [英口] (尤指女孩)动人的；摩登的 2 Cricket colloq.  easily hit or caught 【板球】[口] (球)易击(接)的

dolly-bird n. Brit. colloq.  an attractive and stylish young woman [英口]穿着摩登的漂亮女郎

dolly mixture n. Brit.  any of a mixture of small variously shaped and coloured sweets [英]彩色什锦糖果

Dolly Varden /dɒli ˈvɑ:d(ə)n/ n.  1  a woman's large hat with one side drooping and with a floral trimming 多莉瓦登花饰女帽(一侧面下垂，饰有花边) 2  a brightly spotted char, Salvelinus malma, of western N. America (产于北美西部的)花羔红点斑鲑；多利瓦登红点鲑 [a character in Dickens's Barnaby Rudge]

dolma /ˈdɒlmə/ n. (pl. dolmas or dolmades /-ˈmɑ:ðez/)  a Greek and Turkish delicacy of spiced rice or meat etc. wrapped in vine or cabbage leaves 都玛(希腊及土耳其的大米羊肉等菜叶包) [Turkish from dolmak ‘fill, be filled’: dolmades from modern Greek]

dolman /ˈdɒlmən/ n.  1  a long Turkish robe open in front 土耳其式长袍 2  a hussar's jacket worn with the sleeves hanging loose (轻骑兵穿的)宽袖斗篷式夹克 3  a woman's mantle with capelike or dolman sleeves 披肩式女外衣，蝙蝠袖式女外衣 [ultimately from Turkish dolama]

dolman sleeve n.  a loose sleeve cut in one piece with the body of a garment (披肩式女外衣的)蝙蝠袖

dolmen /ˈdɒlmen/ n.  a megalithic tomb with a large flat stone laid on upright ones 石室冢墓(用石板架成) [French, perhaps from Cornish tolmēn ‘hole of stone’]

dolomite /ˈdɒləmait/ n.  a mineral or rock of calcium magnesium carbonate 白云石 □ dolomitic  /dɒləˈmitik/ adj.   [French, named after D. de Dolomieu, French geologist d. 1801]

dolorous /ˈdɒl(ə)rəs/ adj. literary or joc. [文学用语] [诙]  1  distressing, painful; doleful, dismal 悲伤的；痛苦的；悲哀的；阴沉的 2  distressed, sad 感到悲痛(或悲伤)的 □ dolorously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French doleros from Late Latin dolorosus (as DOLOUR)]

dolour /ˈdɒlə/ n. (US [美] dolor) literary  sorrow, distress [文学用语]悲哀；悲伤，伤心 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dolor -oris ‘pain, grief’]

dolphin /ˈdɒlfin/ n.  1  any of various porpoise-like sea mammals of the family Delphinidae having a slender beaklike snout 海豚(海豚科哺乳动物，有喙形吻部) 2  = DORADO 1  3  a bollard, pile, or buoy for mooring 系缆柱；桥桩；停泊浮标 4  a structure for protecting the pier of a bridge 护桥(墩)结构 5 Brit.  a curved fish in heraldry, sculpture, etc. [英] (纹章、雕刻等中的)弯形鱼 [Middle English, also delphin, via Latin delphinus from Greek delphis -inos]

dolphinarium /dɒlfiˈnɛəriəm/ n. (pl. dolphinariums) Brit.  an aquarium for dolphins, esp. one open to the public [英]海豚馆

dolt /dəʊlt/ n.  a stupid person 呆子，笨蛋 □ doltish  adj.  □ doltishly  adv.  □ doltishness  n.   [apparently related to dol, dold, obsolete variant of DULL]

Dom /dɒm/ n.  1  a title prefixed to the names of some Roman Catholic dignitaries, and Benedictine and Carthusian monks 师(对天主教要人、本笃会和天主教加尔都西会的隐修修士的尊称) 2  the Portuguese equivalent of Don (see 见 DON1 2a, b) (葡萄牙语中的)先生，阁下；老爷 [Latin dominus ‘master’: sense 2 via Portuguese]

-dom /dəm/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  state or condition (freedom 自由) 状态；条件 2  rank or status (earldom 伯爵爵位) 等级；职位 3  domain (kingdom 王国) 领土，领地 4  a class of people (or the attitudes etc. associated with them) regarded collectively (officialdom 官场) 群体(或其看法、态度等) [Old English -dōm, originally = DOOM]

domain /də(ʊ)ˈmein/ n.  1  an area under one rule; a realm 领土；界 2  an estate or lands under one control 领地 3  a sphere of control or influence 领域；范围 4 Math.  the set of possible values of an independent variable 【数】域；整环 5 Physics  a discrete region of magnetism in ferromagnetic material 【物理学】(磁)畴 □ domanial  /dəˈmeiniəl/ adj.   [Middle English from French domaine, Old French demeine DEMESNE, associated with Latin dominus ‘lord’]

domaine /dəˈmein/ n.  a vineyard 葡萄园 [French: see DOMAIN]

dome /dəʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a rounded vault as a roof, with a circular, elliptical, or polygonal base; a large cupola 圆屋顶，穹顶b  the revolving openable hemispherical roof of an observatory (能旋转开启的半球形)天文观测圆顶室 2  a  a natural vault or canopy (of the sky, trees, etc.) 苍穹；树冠(林冠等)b  the rounded summit of a hill etc. (山等的)圆形峰顶 3 Geol.  a dome-shaped structure 【地质】穹地，圆丘，穹丘 4 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 5 poet.  a stately building [诗]雄伟的建筑物，大厦 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 domed adj.)  cover with or shape as a dome 加穹顶(状物)的；似穹顶状的 □ domelike  adj.   [French dôme via Italian duomo ‘cathedral, dome’ from Latin domus ‘house’]

Domesday /ˈdu:mzdei/ n. (in full 全称 Domesday Book)  a record of the lands of England made in 1086 by order of William I (1086 年威廉一世下命编写的) (英国)土地调查清册 [Middle English variant of DOOMSDAY, as being a book of final authority]

domestic /dəˈmestik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the home, household, or family affairs 家的；家庭的；家务的 2  a  of one's own country, not foreign or international 国内的b  home-grown or home-made 本地的；自制的 3 (of an animal) kept by or living with humans (动物)非野生的；驯养的 4  fond of home life 喜爱家庭生活的 ●n.  a household servant 家仆，佣人 □ domestically  adv.   [French domestique from Latin domesticus, from domus ‘home’]

domesticate /dəˈmestikeit/ v. tr.  1  tame (an animal) to live with humans (动物)驯养，驯化 2  accustom to home life and management 使爱家；使喜爱(或习惯)家庭生活 3  naturalize (a plant or animal) 使(动、植物)驯化 □ domesticable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ domestication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin domesticare (as DOMESTIC)]

domesticity /dɒmeˈstisiti, dəʊm-/ n.  1  the state of being domestic 深居简出 2  domestic or home life 家庭事务，家庭生活

domestic science n.  the study of household management 家政学

domicile /ˈdɒmisail, -sil/ n. & v. (also 亦作 domicil /-sil/) ●n.  1  a dwelling place; one's home 住处，住所；住宅 2 Law 【法律】  a  a place of permanent residence 永久住处b  the fact of residing 居住 3  the place at which a bill of exchange is made payable 汇票支付场所 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. as 通常作 domiciled adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, in)  establish or settle in a place 使定居 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  make (a bill of exchange) payable at a certain place 使(汇票)在指定的支付场所支付 [Middle English via Old French from Latin domicilium, from domus ‘home’]

domiciliary /dɒmiˈsiliəri/ adj.  of a dwelling place (esp. Brit. of a doctor's, official's, etc., visit to a person's home [尤英] (医生、官员等的)登门出诊的；造访的) 住所的；住处的 [French domiciliaire from medieval Latin domiciliarius (as DOMICILE)]

dominance /ˈdɒminəns/ n.  1  the state of being dominant 统治(或支配)地位 2  control, authority 统制；权威

dominant /ˈdɒminənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  dominating, prevailing, most influential 占优势的；主要的；最有影响的 2 (of a high place) prominent, overlooking others (高处)显著(或显眼)的；居高临下的 3  a (of an allele) expressed even when inherited from only one parent (等位基因)显性的(表明只继承父母一方的基因)b (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in an individual even when its allelic counterpart is also inherited (cf. 参见 RECESSIVE) (遗传特征中父母双方基因均被继承但一方)优势的；主导的 ●n. Mus.  the fifth note of the diatonic scale of any key 【音】属音，自然音阶的第五音 □ dominantly  adv.   [French from Latin dominari (as DOMINATE)]

dominate /ˈdɒmineit/ v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 over) intr.  have a commanding influence on; exercise control over 支配；占优势  fear dominated them for years  多年来他们一直生活在恐惧之中 dominates over his friends  支配他的朋友 2 intr. (of a person, sound, feature of a scene, etc.) be the most influential or conspicuous (人、声音、场景等)在…中占主要地位，占优势 3 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 over) intr. (of a building etc.) have a commanding position over; overlook (建筑物等)耸立于；俯瞰，眺望 □ dominator  n.   [Latin dominari dominat- from dominus ‘lord’]

domination /dɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  command, control 支配；控制 2  the act or an instance of dominating; the process of being dominated 统治；主宰 3 (in pl. 用复数)  angelic beings of the fourth order of the celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 统治天使(天国中第四等级的天使) [Middle English via Old French from Latin dominatio -onis (as DOMINATE)]

dominatrix /dɒmiˈneitriks/ n. (pl. dominatrices /-trisi:z/)  a female dominator or ruler, esp. in sadomasochistic practices (尤指在施虐受虐性关系中虐待性伴侣的)女性施虐狂 [Latin]

domineer /dɒmiˈniə/ v. intr. (often as 常作 domineering adj.)  behave in an arrogant and overbearing way 飞扬跋扈，横行霸道 □ domineeringly  adv.   [Dutch dominieren from French dominer]

Dominic /ˈdɒminik/   多米尼克 [人名]

Dominica   多米尼克

dominical /dəˈminik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the Lord's day, of Sunday 主的；主日的；星期日的 2  of the Lord (Jesus Christ) 基督(耶稣基督)的 [French dominical or Latin dominicalis from Latin dominicus, from dominus ‘lord’]

dominical letter n. (in the Christian Church) one of the seven letters A － G used to indicate the dates of Sundays in a year (基督教会中)主日字母(教历中表示星期日的字母，以 A 至 G 的 7 个字母分别代表一年的首 7 日)■Usage 用法说明 The seven letters A － G are used in succession to denote the first seven days of the year (Jan. 1 － 7), then in rotation for the rest of the days, so that if, for example, Jan. 3 be a Sunday, the dominical letter for the year is C. 用 A 至 G 的 7 个字母连续表示一年的头 7 天 (1 月 1 日至 7 日), 然后循环使用表示其余的日子。例如：如果 1 月 3 日是星期日，当年的主日字母就是 C 。 

Dominican /dəˈminik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to St Dominic or the order of preaching friars which he founded in 1215 － 16 (有关)圣多明我的； (有关)多明我会的 2  of or relating to either of the two orders of female religious founded on Dominican principles (有关建立在多明我会教义上的)两个女多明我教派中的任何一个 ●n.  a Dominican friar, nun, or sister (see also 另见 BLACK FRIAR) 多明我会修道士(修女或姐妹) [medieval Latin Dominicanus from Dominicus, the Latin name of Domingo de Guzmán (St Dominic)]

Dominican Republic   多米尼加共和国

dominie /ˈdɒmini/ n. Sc.  a schoolmaster [苏格兰]教师 [later spelling of domine ‘sir’, vocative of Latin dominus ‘lord’]

dominion /dəˈminjən/ n.  1  sovereignty, control 主权，统治权；控制 2  the territory of a sovereign or government; a domain 领土；领地；领域 3 hist.  the title of each of the self-governing territories of the British Commonwealth [史义] (英联邦)自治领 [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin dominio -onis from Latin dominium, from dominus ‘lord’]

domino /ˈdɒminəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  any of 28 small oblong pieces marked with 0 － 6 pips in each half 多米诺骨牌b (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a game played with these 多米诺骨牌游戏 2  a loose cloak with a mask for the upper part of the face, worn at masquerades (在化装舞会上穿的带有面具的)连帽化装斗篷 [French, probably from Latin dominus ‘lord’, but unexplained]

domino effect n. (also 亦作 domino theory)  the effect whereby (or the theory that) one event will cause a sequence of similar events, like a row of falling dominoes 多米诺效应(理论)，骨牌效应

Don /dɒn/   唐 [人名]

don1 /dɒn/ n.  1  a university teacher, esp. a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge 先生，阁下，君(尤指牛津大学或剑桥大学的导师或研究员) 2 (作 Don)  a  a Spanish title prefixed to a male forename 先生；堂；唐(西班牙人用于男子人名前的尊称)b  a Spanish gentleman; a Spaniard 西班牙贵族(或绅士；) 西班牙人c N. Amer. slang  a high-ranking member of the Mafia [北美] [俚语]黑手党头目 [Spanish from Latin dominus ‘lord’]

don2 /dɒn/ v. tr. (donned, donning)  put on (clothing) 穿(或披)上(衣服) [= do on]

dona /ˈdəʊnə/ n. (also 亦作 donah) Brit. slang  a woman; a sweetheart [英] [俚语]女人；情人 [Spanish doña or Portuguese dona from Latin (as DONNA)]

Donald /ˈdɒnəld/   唐纳德 [人名]

donate /də(ʊ)ˈneit/ v. tr.  give or contribute (money etc.), esp. voluntarily to a fund or institution (尤指自愿向基金会、机构)捐赠(钱等；) 赠与 □ donator  n.   [back-formation from DONATION]

donation /də(ʊ)ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of donating 捐赠；赠与 2  something, esp. an amount of money, donated 捐赠物(尤指捐款) [Middle English via Old French from Latin donatio -onis, from donare ‘give’ from donum ‘gift’]

donative /ˈdəʊnətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a gift or donation, esp. one given formally or officially as a largess (尤指正式的、官方的)捐赠物；赠品 ●adj.  1  given as a donation or bounty 捐赠的；赠与的 2 hist. (of a benefice) given directly, not presentative [史义] (圣俸)直接给予的 [Middle English from Latin donativum ‘gift, largess’, from donare: see DONATION]

done /dʌn/ past part. of DO1; adj.  1 colloq.  socially acceptable [口] (社交中)得体的；合乎规矩的  the done thing  天经地义的事 it isn't done  不合规矩 2 (often with 常和 in, up 连用) colloq.  tired out [口]疲乏不堪的 3 (esp. as int. in reply to an offer etc.)  accepted (尤作为感叹词对提议等的回答)行；好 □ be done with   have finished with, be finished with 完成，了结□ done for  colloq.  in serious trouble [口]处于严重困境中，不行了□ have done   have ceased or finished 结束，停止，完成□ have done with   be rid of; have finished dealing with 摆脱；了结；和…断绝关系

donee /dəʊˈni:/ n.  the recipient of a gift 受赠者 [DONOR + -EE]

doner kebab /ˈdɒnə, ˈdəʊnə/ n.  spiced lamb cooked on a spit and served in slices, often with pitta bread 烤羊肉串(加调味料的嫩羊肉在烤肉铁签上烧烤，切成薄片食用) [Turkish döner ‘rotating’ + KEBAB]

dong1 /dɒŋ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make the deep sound of a large bell 发出铛铛的钟声 2 tr. Austral. & NZ colloq.  hit, punch [澳新口]打击；用拳猛击 ●n.  1  the deep sound of a large bell 铛(大钟深沉的声音) 2 Austral. & NZ colloq.  a heavy blow [澳新口]沉重的打击 3 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎，鸡巴 [imitative]

dong2 /dɒŋ/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Vietnam 盾(越南货币单位) [Vietnamese]

donga /ˈdɒŋɡə/ n. S. Afr. & Austral. [南非] [澳]  1  a dry watercourse 干河道 2  a ravine caused by erosion 沟壑，峡谷 [Nguni]

dongle /ˈdɒŋɡ(ə)l/ n. Computing  a security attachment which is needed for the use of protected computer software 【计算】道尔芯片(保护计算机软件的安全附件) [arbitrary formation]

donjon /ˈdɒndʒ(ə)n, ˈdʌn-/ n.  the great tower or innermost keep of a castle (中世纪)城堡主塔 [archaic spelling of DUNGEON]

Don Juan /dɒn ˈdʒʊən, ˈwɑ:n, ˈxwɑ:n/ n.  a seducer of women; a libertine 唐璜；玩弄女性的色情骗子；放荡不羁者 [name of a legendary Spanish nobleman celebrated in fiction, e.g. by Byron]

donkey /ˈdɒŋki/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a domestic ass 驴 2 colloq.  a stupid or foolish person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 [earlier with pronunciation as monkey: perhaps from DUN1, or the name Duncan]

donkey derby n.  a race between competitors riding donkeys 骑驴大赛

donkey engine n.  a small auxiliary engine 轻便(辅助)发动机

donkey jacket n. Brit.  a thick weatherproof jacket worn by workers and as a fashion garment [英] (野外作业穿的)风雨衣；防风厚上衣

donkey's years n. pl. colloq.  a very long time [口]很久；多年

donkey work n.  the laborious part of a job; drudgery 艰苦的活；单调枯燥的工作

donna /ˈdɒnə/ n.  1  an Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese lady 意大利(西班牙或葡萄牙)女士 2 (作 Donna)  a title prefixed to the forename of such a lady (用在人名前的尊称)夫人，女士 [Italian from Latin domina ‘mistress’, fem. of dominus: cf. DON1]

donnish /ˈdɒniʃ/ adj.  like or resembling a college don, esp. in supposed pedantry 大学学监(似)的(尤指装模作样的；卖弄学问的) □ donnishly  adv.  □ donnishness  n.  

donnée /ˈdɒnei, 法 dɔne/ n. (also 亦作 donné)  1  the subject or theme of a story etc. (故事等的)主题 2  a basic fact or assumption 基本事实；基本假设 [French, fem. or masc. past part. of donner ‘give’]

donor /ˈdəʊnə, -nɔ:/ n.  1  a person who gives or donates something (e.g. to a charity) (如给慈善事业的)赠送者；捐赠人 2  a person who provides blood for a transfusion, semen for insemination, or an organ or tissue for transplantation 供血者；(人工授精的)精液提供者；(组织、器官等移植的)提供者 3 Chem.  an atom or molecule that provides a pair of electrons in forming a coordinate bond 【化】给(予)体；供体(提供一对电子的原子或分子) 4 Physics  an impurity atom in a semiconductor which contributes a conducting electron to the material 【物理学】施主性杂质 [Middle English via Anglo-French donour, Old French doneur from Latin donator -oris, from donare ‘give’]

donor card n.  an official card authorizing use of organs for transplant, carried by the donor 捐献者卡片，供者卡片

don't /dəʊnt/ contr.  do not; n. a prohibition [缩合]不；禁令，禁止  dos and don'ts  行为规范

donut US var.  of DOUGHNUT [美] DOUGHNUT 的变体

doodad /ˈdu:dæd/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DOODAH  [20th c.: origin unknown]

doodah /ˈdu:dɑ:/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a fancy article; a trivial ornament 小摆设；小装饰物 2  a gadget or ‘thingummy’ 小装置，小玩意儿；那东西 □ all of a doodah   excited, dithering 兴奋；慌张 [from the refrain of the song Camptown Races]

doodle /ˈdu:d(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  scribble or draw, esp. absent-mindedly (尤指漫不经心地)涂鸦 ●n.  a scrawl or drawing so made 涂鸦的东西 □ doodler  n.   [originally = foolish person: from Low German dudelkopf]

doodlebug /ˈdu:d(ə)lbʌɡ/ n.  1 US  any of various insects, esp. the larva of an ant-lion [美]蚁蛉(尤指狮蛉) 2 US  an unscientific device for locating minerals [美] (用于探矿的)占卜器 3 Brit. colloq.  a flying bomb [英口]飞弹

doodly-squat var.  of DIDDLY-SQUAT  DIDDLY-SQUAT 的变体

doohickey /ˈdu:hiki/ n. (pl. -eys) N. Amer. colloq.  a small object, esp. mechanical [北美口] (尤指机械)小玩意儿 [DOODAD + HICKEY]

doojigger /ˈdu:dʒiɡə/ n. US colloq. [美口]  = DOOHICKEY  [DOODAD + JIGGER1]

doom /du:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a grim fate or destiny 厄运；劫数b  death or ruin 死亡；毁灭 2  a  a condemnation; a judgement or sentence 谴责；宣判；判决b  the Last Judgement 上帝的最后审判，末日审判  the crack of doom  世界末日 3 hist.  a statute, law, or decree [史义]法律；法令；法规 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  condemn or destine 判定；注定  a city doomed to destruction  注定要毁灭的城市 2 (esp. as 尤作 doomed adj.)  consign to misfortune or destruction (厄运、毁灭)注定的；命定的 [Old English dōm ‘statute, judgement’, from Germanic: related to DO1]

doom-laden adj.  portending, suggesting, or predicting doom 预示的，预料的，预言末日的

doomsayer /ˈdu:mseiə/ n.  a person who predicts disaster, esp. in politics or economics (尤指政治、经济方面的)凶事预示者；预言灾难者 □ doomsaying  n.  

doomsday /ˈdu:mzdei/ n.  the day of the Last Judgement 世界末日 □ till doomsday   for ever (cf. 参见 DOMESDAY) 直到世界末日；永远 [Old English dōmes dœg: see DOOM]

doomster /ˈdu:mstə/ n.  = DOOMSAYER  [variant of DEEMSTER on the pattern of DOOM v.]

doomwatch /ˈdu:mwɒtʃ/ n.  organized vigilance or observation to avert danger, esp. from environmental pollution (尤指对环境污染的)环境保护观测；环境监测 □ doomwatcher  n.  

Doona /ˈdu:nə/ n. Austral. propr. [澳] [商标]  a quilted eiderdown or duvet 羽绒被 [20th c.: origin unknown]

door /dɔ:/ n.  1  a  a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier for closing and opening an entrance to a building, room, cupboard, etc. (建筑物、房间、橱柜等的)门；拉门，旋转门b  this as representing a house etc. 家(户等)  lives two doors away  住在两个门面之外 2  a  an entrance or exit; a doorway 入口，出口；通道b  a means of access or approach 途径；门路 □ close the door to   exclude the opportunity for 把…排除在外；使…没有可能□ lay (or lie) at the door of   impute (or be imputable) to 归(咎)于；可归(咎)于□ leave the door open   ensure that an option remains available 不把门关死；保留可能性□ open the door to   create an opportunity for 给…提供机会□ doored  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English duru, dor, from Germanic]

doorbell /ˈdɔ:bel/ n.  a bell in a house etc. rung by visitors outside to signal their arrival (家等的)门铃

doorcase /ˈdɔ:keis/ n. (also 亦作 door frame)  the structure into which a door is fitted 门框

do-or-die attrib. adj.  denoting a determination not to be deterred by any danger or difficulty 拼死的；破釜沉舟的

door head n.  the upper part of a doorcase 门框上槛

doorkeeper /ˈdɔ:ki:pə/ n.  = DOORMAN 

doorknob /ˈdɔ:nɒb/ n.  a knob for turning to release the latch of a door 球形门把手

doorknock /ˈdɔ:nɒk/ n. Austral.  a campaign of house visits to collect for charity, promote a cause, etc. [澳] (为慈善筹款、促进事业等)登门访问活动

door knocker n.  1  a handle of metal or wood fixed to a door by a hinge to allow visitors to signal their arrival by knocking 门环 2  a person who visits a number of houses to sell products, canvass votes, etc. (产品)登门促销者； (选票等)拉选票者

doorman /ˈdɔ:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person on duty at the door to a large building; a janitor or porter 看门人，门房，门卫

doormat /ˈdɔ:mæt/ n.  1  a mat at an entrance for wiping mud etc. from the shoes (放于门前蹭掉鞋上泥等的)擦鞋垫 2  a feebly submissive person 逆来顺受的可怜虫；甘受屈辱的受气包

doornail /ˈdɔ:neil/ n.  a nail with which doors were studded for strength or ornament (加固或作为装饰用的)护门帽钉 □ dead as a doornail   completely or unmistakably dead 完全死了的；确实无疑死了的

door plate n.  a plate on the door of a house or room bearing the name of the occupant 门牌；户名牌

doorpost /ˈdɔ:pəʊst/ n.  each of the uprights of a door frame 门柱；门框边框

doorstep /ˈdɔ:step/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a step leading up to the outer door of a house etc. (房子等的)门阶 2 Brit. slang  a thick slice of bread [英] [俚语]厚面包片 ●v. (-stepped, -stepping) Brit. [英]  1 intr.  go from door to door selling, canvassing, etc. 挨门挨户地推销(拉选票等) 2 tr. (of a reporter) wait on the doorstep for (a person), to obtain an interview, photograph, etc. (记者)在门口等候(以求接见或拍照等) 3 tr.  leave (a child) to the care of someone else 把(孩子)托付给别人照看 □ on one's (or the) doorstep   very close 非常靠近，在某人旁

doorstop /ˈdɔ:stɒp/ n.  a device for keeping a door open or to prevent it from striking a wall etc. when opened (保持门敞开或防止门开得太猛而撞墙的)门掣，制门器

door-to-door adj. (of selling etc.) done at each house in turn (销售等)挨家挨户的

doorway /ˈdɔ:wei/ n.  an opening filled by a door 门口，出入口

dooryard /ˈdɔ:jɑ:d/ n. N. Amer.  a yard or garden near a house door [北美] (门前)庭院

doozy /ˈdu:zi/ n. (also 亦作 doozie) (pl. -ies) N. Amer. slang  something amazing, remarkable, or incredible [北美] [俚语]极好的(非常显眼的或异乎寻常的)东西 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

dop /dɒp/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a cheap kind of brandy 廉价白兰地 2  a tot of liquor 一小杯酒 [Afrikaans]

dopa /ˈdəʊpə/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid derivative which is a precursor of dopamine See also 另见 L-DOPA 【生化】多巴，二羟基苯丙氨酸 [German from Dioxyphenylalanine, former name of the compound]

dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmi:n/ n. Biochem.  an amine present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin 【生化】多巴胺 [DOPA + AMINE]

dopant /ˈdəʊp(ə)nt/ n. Electronics  a substance used in doping a semiconductor 【电子学】搀质(用于半导体中的搀杂物)

dope /dəʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a varnish applied to the cloth surface of aeroplane parts to strengthen them, keep them airtight, etc. 涂布胶漆；飞机翼布涂料(用于飞机部件的布表面的清漆，用以增加强度、密封性等) 2  a thick liquid used as a lubricant etc. (用作润滑剂等的)黏稠剂 3  a substance added to petrol etc. to increase its effectiveness (为提高效能增添到汽油里的)添加剂 4  a slang  a narcotic; a stupefying drug [俚语]毒品；麻醉药b  a drug etc. given to a horse or greyhound, or taken by an athlete, to affect performance (赛马、跑狗、运动员等非法服用的)兴奋剂(药品等) 5 slang  a stupid person [俚语]笨人 6 slang [俚语]  a  information about a subject, esp. if not generally known (尤指不为大家所知的)内幕信息b  misleading information 误导信息，假情报 ●v.  1 tr.  administer dope to, drug 给…服用兴奋剂(麻醉剂) 2 tr. Electronics  add an impurity to (a semiconductor) to produce a desired electrical characteristic 【电子学】(为产生所要求的电气特性而)增加(半导体的)不纯度；搀杂 3 tr.  smear, daub; apply dope to 涂(抹)涂料于… 4 intr.  take addictive drugs 吸毒(成瘾) □ dope out  slang  discover [俚语]想出；解出；发现□ doper  n.   [Dutch doop ‘sauce’ from doopen ‘to dip’]

dopey /ˈdəʊpi/ adj. (also 亦作 dopy) (dopier, dopiest) colloq. [口]  1  a  half asleep 半睡的b  stupefied by or as if by a drug 被麻醉的；昏昏沉沉的 2  stupid, silly 笨的；迟钝的 □ dopily  adv.  □ dopiness  n.  

doppelgɑ¨nger /ˈdɒp(ə)lɡeŋə, -ɡæŋə/ n.  an apparition or double of a living person 幽灵；面貌极相似的人 [German, literally ‘double-goer’]

Dopper /ˈdɒpə/ n. S. Afr.  a member of the Gereformeerde Kerk, a strictly orthodox Calvinistic denomination, usu. regarded as old-fashioned in ideas etc. [南非]深浸派(荷兰归正会)成员(通常为严谨的正统加尔文派) [Afrikaans: origin unknown]

Doppler effect /ˈdɒplə/ n. (also 亦作 Doppler shift) Physics  an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move towards (or away) from each other 【物理学】多普勒效应 [named after C. J. Doppler, Austrian physicist d. 1853]

dopy var.  of DOPEY  DOPEY 的变体

dor /dɔ:/ n. (in full 全称 dor-beetle)  a beetle that makes a buzzing sound in flight, esp. a dung-beetle of the genus Geotrupes 金龟子(飞时发出嗡嗡声音的昆虫，尤指地洞金龟属的粪金龟) [Old English dora]

Dora /ˈdɔ:rə/   多拉 [人名]

dorado /dəˈrɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a blue and silver marine fish, Coryphaena hippurus, showing brilliant colours when alive also called 亦称作 dolphin 鲯鳅 2  a gold-coloured freshwater fish, Salminus maxillosus, native to S. America 金脂鲤(原产南美的金黄色的淡水鱼) [Spanish from Late Latin deauratus ‘gilt’, from aurum ‘gold’]

Doreen /dɔˈri:n, ˈdɔ:ri:n/   多琳 [人名]

Dorene /dɔ:ri:n/   多琳 [人名]

Dorian /ˈdɔ:riən/ n. & adj. ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  a Greek-speaking people thought to have entered Greece from the north c. 1100 BC and settled in parts of Central and S. Greece (古希腊中南部的)多利安人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Dorians or to Doris in Central Greece (有关)多利安人的；多利斯的 [Latin Dorius from Greek Dōrios, from Dōros, the name of their mythical ancestor]

Dorian mode n.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale D － D 多利亚调式

Doric /ˈdɒrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a dialect) broad, rustic (方言)乡土音重的 2 Archit.  of the oldest, sturdiest, and simplest of the Greek orders 【建】(古希腊建筑物)多利斯式的 3  of or relating to the ancient Greek dialect of the Dorians (古希腊) (有关)多利斯方言的 ●n.  1  rustic English or esp. Scots 英国的土方言(尤指苏格兰方言) 2 Archit.  the Doric order 【建】多利斯柱式 3  the dialect of the Dorians in ancient Greece (古希腊)多利斯方言 [Latin Doricus from Greek Dōrikos (as DORIAN)]

Doris /ˈdɒris/   多丽丝 [人名]

dork /dɔ:k/ n. slang [俚语]  1  the penis 阴茎，鸡巴 2  a stupid or contemptible person 愚笨(或卑鄙)的人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dorm /dɔ:m/ n. colloq.  dormitory [口]宿舍 [abbreviation]

dormant /ˈdɔ:m(ə)nt/ adj.  1  lying inactive as in sleep; sleeping 静止的；睡眠的 2  a (of a volcano etc.) temporarily inactive (火山等)暂停活动的b (of potential faculties etc.) in abeyance (潜能等)潜在的，潜伏的 3 (of plants) alive but not actively growing (植物)休眠期的；在休眠期进行的 4 Heraldry (of a beast) lying with its head on its paws 【纹章学】(野兽把头卧于爪上)卧睡的 □ dormancy  n.   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of dormir, from Latin dormire ‘sleep’]

dormer /ˈdɔ:mə/ n. (in full 全称 dormer window)  a projecting upright window in a sloping roof 屋顶窗；老虎窗 [formerly = the window of a dormitory or bedroom: Old French dormëor (as DORMANT)]

dormer bungalow n.  a two-storeyed house with dormer windows in the upper storey 顶层开有屋顶窗的两层楼房

dormitory /ˈdɔ:mit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sleeping room with several beds, esp. in a school or institution (尤指学校或机关单位的) (大)寝室，宿舍 2 (in full 全称 dormitory town etc.)  a small town or suburb from which people travel to work in a city etc. (在市内等工作的)郊外居住区 3 US  a university or college hall of residence or hostel [美]大学(或学院)的学生宿舍 [Middle English from Latin dormitorium, from dormire dormit- ‘sleep’]

Dormobile /ˈdɔ:mə(ʊ)bi:l/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of motor caravan with a rear compartment convertible for sleeping and eating in [英] [商标] (后部可睡觉、吃饭的)行卧两用汽车 [blend of DORMITORY, AUTOMOBILE]

dormouse /ˈdɔ:maʊs/ n. (pl. dormice)  any mouselike rodent of the family Gliridae, often having a bushy tail, esp. Muscardinus avellanarius, noted for its long hibernation (榛睡鼠科的)冬眠鼠(尤指榛睡鼠) [Middle English: origin unknown, but associated with French dormir, Latin dormire: see DORMANT]

dormy /ˈdɔ:mi/ adj. Golf (of a player or side) ahead by as many holes as there are holes left to play 【高尔夫球】(比赛选手或一方)领先洞数与待击洞数相等的  dormy five  领先待击 5 洞 [19th c.: origin unknown]

doronicum /dəˈrɒnikəm/ n.  = LEOPARD'S BANE  [modern Latin (Linnaeus), ultimately from Arabic darɑˉnaj]

Dorothy /ˈdɒrəθi/   多萝西 [人名]

dorp /dɔ:p/ n. S. Afr.  a village or small township [南非]村落；小镇 [Dutch (as THORP)]

dorsal /ˈdɔ:s(ə)l/ adj. Anat., Zool. & Bot. 【解】【动】【植】  1  of, on, or near the back (cf. 参见 VENTRAL) 背部的；在背部上的；背部旁的 2  ridge-shaped 背脊状的；隆起的 □ dorsally  adv.   [French dorsal or Late Latin dorsalis from Latin dorsum ‘back’]

dorsum /ˈdɔ:səm/ n. Anat. & Zool.  the dorsal part of an organism or structure 【解】【动】背；背部 [Latin, = back]

dory1 /ˈdɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a marine fish of the family Zeidae, with a thin deep body, esp. the John Dory (海鲂科)鱼类(尤指海鲂) [Middle English from French dorée, fem. past part. of dorer ‘gild’ (as DORADO)]

dory2 /ˈdɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. & W.Ind.  a flat-bottomed fishing boat with high sides [北美和西印]平底高帮小渔船 [Miskito dóri ‘dugout’]

doryphore /ˈdɒrifɔ:/ n.  a self-righteously pedantic critic (自认为正直的)迂腐评论家 [French, = Colorado beetle, from Greek doruphoros ‘spear-carrier’]

DOS /dɒs/ n. Computing  a program for manipulating information on a disk 【计算】(计算机)磁盘操作系统 [abbreviation of disk operating system]

dosage /ˈdəʊsidʒ/ n.  1  the size of a dose of medicine, radiation, etc. (药、辐射等的)剂量；用量 2  the giving of medicine in doses 配药

dose /dəʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an amount of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at one time (一次的)剂量 2  a quantity of something administered or allocated (e.g. work, praise, punishment, etc.) (如工作、赞扬、惩罚等)一份，一点，一番 3  the amount of ionizing radiation received by a person or thing 致电离辐射吸收量 4 slang  a venereal infection [俚语]花柳病 ●v. tr.  1  treat (a person or animal) with doses of medicine 按剂量给(某人或动物)服药 2  give a dose or doses to (按剂量)开药 3  adulterate or blend (esp. wine with spirit) (尤指给酒)加增味剂 □ like a dose of salts  Brit. colloq.  very fast and efficiently [英口]迅速地，一下子 [French via Late Latin dosis from Greek dosis ‘gift’, from didōmi ‘give’]

do-se-do /dəʊziˈdəʊ, -si-/ n. (also 亦作 do-si-do) (pl. -os)  a figure in which two dancers pass round each other back to back and return to their original positions 两个舞蹈者背对背互换位置的舞步 [corruption of DOS-À-DOS]

dosh /dɒʃ/ n. Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dosimeter /dəʊˈsimitə/ n. (also 亦作 dosemeter /ˈdəʊsmi:tə/)  a device used to measure an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation (测量致电离辐射的)剂量计，放射量测定器 □ dosimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ dosimetry  n.  

doss /dɒs/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  sleep, esp. roughly or in cheap lodgings (尤指在便宜旅馆里凑合)过夜 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  spend time idly 懒散度日 ●n.  1  a bed, esp. in cheap lodgings (尤指便宜旅馆中的)床 2  an easy task; an opportunity for, or spell of, idling 一件易事；一个机会；一段空闲 [18th c.: origin uncertain, perhaps ultimately from Latin dorsum ‘back’]

dossal /ˈdɒs(ə)l/ n.  a hanging cloth behind an altar or round a chancel (祭坛后面或圣坛四周的)幔布 [medieval Latin dossale from Late Latin dorsalis DORSAL]

dosser /ˈdɒsə/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a person who dosses 住下等客房的人，住简陋客店的人 2  = DOSS-HOUSE 

doss-house n. Brit.  a cheap lodging house, esp. for vagrants [英] (尤指供流浪者投宿的)廉价客栈

dossier /ˈdɒsiə, -iei, -jei/ n.  a set of documents, esp. a collection of information about a person, event, or subject (尤指某人、某事件或某专题的全部)档案；卷宗 [French, so called from the label on the back, from dos ‘back’ from Latin dorsum]

dost /dʌst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of DO1 

dos-ɑˋ-dos /dəʊzəˈdəʊ, 法 dozado/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of two books) bound together with a shared central board and facing in opposite directions (两本书共一个封面的)合装本的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a seat, carriage, etc., in which the occupants sit back to back (cf. 参见 DO-SE-DO) 背靠背坐椅(或坐位等；) 背靠背(乘坐的)敞篷车 [French, = back to back]

DoT abbr. (in the UK) Department of Transport [缩略] (英国)运输部

Dot /dɒt/   多特 [人名]

dot1 /dɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small spot, speck, or mark 点，小(圆)点b  such a mark written or printed as part of an i or j, as a diacritical mark, as one of a series of marks to signify omission, or as a full stop (i 或 j 上的)点状物；发音符号；省略号的点；句点c  a decimal point 小数点 2 Mus.  a dot used to denote the lengthening of a note or rest, or to indicate staccato 【音】附点；顿音(断奏)记号 3  the shorter signal of the two used in Morse code. (cf. 参见 DASH n. 6) (莫尔斯电码中的)点 4  a tiny or apparently tiny object 微小(或明显微小)的物体  a dot on the horizon  在地平线上的一个小黑点 ●v. tr. (dotted, dotting)  1  a  mark with a dot or dots 用点来做标记b  place a dot over (a letter) (在字母上)加一个点 2 Mus.  mark (a note or rest) to show that the time value is increased by half 【音】给(音符或休止符)加附点 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  scatter like dots 星星点点地散布开来 4  partly cover as with dots 如同以点覆盖  a sea dotted with ships  星星点点散布着船只的海面 5 Brit. slang  hit [英] [俚语]狠击  dotted him one in the eye  朝他眼上猛击一拳 □ dot the i's and cross the t's  colloq. [口]  1  be minutely accurate, emphasize details 一丝不苟；重视细节 2  add the final touches to a task, exercise, etc. 对(任务、作业等)作最后的润色，加工□ on the dot   exactly on time 准时□ the year dot  Brit. colloq.  a time far in the past [英口]在遥远的过去□ dotter  n.   [Old English dott ‘head of a boil’, perhaps influenced by Dutch dot ‘knot’]

dot2 /dɒt, 法 dɒt/ n.  a woman's dowry 女人的嫁妆 [French, from Latin dos dotis, related to dare ‘give’]

dotage /ˈdəʊtidʒ/ n.  feeble-minded senility 老年昏聩；衰老  in his dotage  他年老昏庸 [from DOTE + -AGE, cf. French radotage, from radoter ‘ ramble on’]

dotard /ˈdəʊtəd/ n.  a person who is feeble-minded, esp. from senility 老糊涂(尤指年老昏聩之人) [Middle English from DOTE + -ARD]

dote /dəʊt/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  be foolishly or excessively fond of 溺爱；过分喜爱 2  be silly or feeble-minded, esp. from old age (尤指因年老而)昏聩；智力衰退 □ doter  n.  □ dotingly  adv.   [Middle English, corresponding to Middle Dutch doten ‘be silly’]

doth /dʌθ/ archaic [古义] 3rd sing. present  of DO1 

dot matrix n.  a regular array of positions that are filled selectively to create a character (on a screen or on paper) (用来组成屏幕或纸上图形字符的点的)矩阵；点阵

dot matrix printer n.  a printer with characters formed from dots printed by configurations of the tips of small wires 点(或矩)阵打印机

dotted line n.  a line of dots on a document, esp. to show a place left for a signature 点线，虚线(尤指标出供签字的地方)

dotterel /ˈdɒt(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  a small migratory plover, Eudromias morinellus 小嘴鸻(一种小型候鸟) [Middle English from DOTE + -REL, named from the ease with which it is caught, taken to indicate stupidity]

Dottie /ˈdɒti/   多蒂 [人名]

dottle /ˈdɒt(ə)l/ n.  a remnant of unburnt tobacco in a pipe 残烟丝 [DOT1 + -LE1]

dotty /ˈdɒti/ adj. (dottier, dottiest) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  feeble-minded, silly 傻的，愚蠢的 2  eccentric 古怪的 3  absurd 荒谬的 4 (foll. by 后跟 about, on)  infatuated with; obsessed by 迷恋(着迷)的 □ dottily  adv.  □ dottiness  n.   [19th c.: origin uncertain]

Douala /duˈɑ:lə/ n.  杜阿拉 [喀麦隆港市]

douane /du:ˈɑ:n/ n.  a foreign custom house (外国)海关 [French via Italian do(g)ana from Turkish duwan, Arabic dīwɑˉn: cf. DIVAN]

Douay Bible /ˈdu:ei, ˈdaʊei/ n. (also 亦作 Douay version)  an English translation of the Bible formerly used in the Roman Catholic Church, completed at Douai in France early in the seventeenth century 杜埃版英文本《圣经》(根据 17 世纪早期在法国杜埃出版的圣经译出，用于罗马天主教教堂)

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  consisting of two usu. equal parts or things; twofold (通常等份)成对的；两倍的b  consisting of two identical parts 双重的 2  twice as much or many 加倍的  double the amount  使量增加一倍 double the number  使数增加一倍 double thickness  使厚度增加一倍 3  having twice the usual size, quantity, strength, etc. (通常尺寸、数量、力量等)双倍的  double whisky  双份威士忌 4  designed for two people 供两人用的，双人的  double bed  双人床 5  a  having some part double 双料的b (of a flower) having more than one circle of petals (花朵)重瓣的c (of a domino) having the same number of pips on each half (多米诺骨牌)两边点数相同的 6  having two different roles or interpretations, esp. implying confusion or deceit 双重的；双关的(尤指表里不一的；欺诈的)  double meaning  语意双关 leads a double life  过着双重人格的生活 7 Mus.  lower in pitch by an octave 【音】低八度的  double bassoon  低音巴松管 ●adv.  1  at or to twice the amount etc. (量等)两倍地  counts double  重复计数 2  two together 双双地，成对地  sleep double  合睡一床 ●n.  1  a  a double quantity or thing; twice as much or many 两倍数(或物)；两倍b colloq.  a double measure of spirits [口]双份酒 2  a  a counterpart of a person or thing; a person who looks exactly like another 相似的对应人(物)；酷似…的人b  an understudy 候补人员；替角；预备演员c  a wraith 阴魂 3 (in pl. 用复数) Sport (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a game between two pairs of players 【运动】(网球、羽毛球等的)双打 4 Sport  a pair of victories over the same team, a pair of championships at the same game, etc. 【运动】(对同一队的)两次获胜；(在一场比赛等中的)双料冠军 5  a system of betting in which the winnings and stake from the first bet are transferred to a second 复式下注(第一场打赌若有所赢即可转押在第二场上) 6 Bridge  the doubling of an opponent's bid 【桥牌】叫加倍 7 Darts  a hit on the narrow ring enclosed by the two outer circles of a dartboard, scoring double 【飞镖】(把镖投中加倍记分圈)加倍算分 8  a sharp turn, esp. of the tracks of a hunted animal, or the course of a river 急转弯(尤指被追野兽或河道的折回；转向) ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become twice as much or many; increase twofold; multiply by two 使加倍；把…增加一倍；翻倍 2 tr.  amount to twice as much as 是…的两倍 3  a tr.  fold or bend (paper, cloth, etc.) over on itself (把纸、布等)对折b intr.  become folded 折叠 4  a tr. (of an actor) play (two parts) in the same piece (演员)兼演两角b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be understudy etc. 作候补人员(充当替角等) 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as)  play a twofold role 兼任；兼作；兼演 6 intr.  turn sharply in flight or pursuit; take a tortuous course (在飞行或追击中)急转弯迂回 7 tr. Naut.  sail round (a headland) 【海】绕着(岬角)航行 8 tr. Bridge  make a call increasing the value of the points to be won or lost on (an opponent's bid) 【桥牌】对(对方叫牌的)分数加倍 9 Mus. 【音】  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  play two or more musical instruments 兼奏(两种或更多的乐器)  the clarinettist doubles on tenor sax  吹单簧管者兼吹次中音萨克斯管b tr.  add the same note in a higher or lower octave to (a note) (在高八度或低八度音上)复奏 10 tr.  clench (a fist) 握紧(拳头) 11 intr.  move at twice the usual speed; run (以通常两倍速度)快速移动；跑 12 Billiards 【台球】  a intr.  rebound 跃回，弹回b tr.  cause to rebound 使弹回 □ at (or US [美] on) the double   running, hurrying 以跑步方式；迅速地；尽快地；立即地□ bent double   folded, stooping 折叠；深弯腰□ double back   take a new direction opposite to the previous one 循原路折回□ double or nothing (or Brit. [英] quits)   a gamble to decide whether a player's loss or debt be doubled or cancelled 以已输的数额作最后的赌注(或者多输 1 倍，或者与赢家清账)□ double up   1  a  bend or curl up 弯曲，卷曲b  cause to do this, esp. by a blow (尤指通过打击)使其弯曲(或卷曲) 2  be overcome with pain or laughter (使) (因剧痛或大笑而)弯着身子 3  share or assign to a room, quarters, etc., with another or others 同宿一室(住处等) 4  fold or become folded 对折，折叠 5  use winnings from a bet as stake for another 把原赌注和赢的钱一起作为赌注押下□ doubler  n.  □ doubly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French doble, duble (n.), dobler, dubler (v.) from Latin duplus DUPLE]

double acrostic n.  an acrostic using the first and last letters of each line 离合诗

double act n.  an act involving two people 双人行动

double agent n.  an agent who purports to spy for one country while working for another (为敌对双方服务的)双重间谍

double axe n.  an axe with two blades 双刃斧

double-banking n.  1 Brit.  double-parking [英]双行停车 2 Austral. & NZ  riding two on a horse etc. [澳新]双人乘骑(马等)

double-barrelled adj.  1 (of a gun) having two barrels (枪)双管的；  2 Brit. (of a surname) having two parts joined by a hyphen [英] (用连字符连接的姓氏)复姓 3  twofold 双重的

double bass n.  1  the largest and lowest-pitched instrument of the violin family 低音提琴 2  its player 低音提琴手

double bill n.  a programme with two principal items 两个节目的同场演出

double bind n.  a dilemma 进退两难

double-blind adj. & n. ●adj. (of a test or experiment) in which neither the tester nor the subject has knowledge of identities etc. that might lead to bias (试验或测定特性等)双盲的 ●n.  such a test or experiment 双盲测试

double bluff n.  an action or statement intended to appear as a bluff, but in fact genuine 双重虚张声势(让别人以为是欺骗或虚张声势，事实上却是真诚或坦诚之举(言))

double boiler n.  a saucepan with a detachable upper compartment heated by boiling water in the lower one (以下层沸水温热上层锅内食物的)双层蒸锅

double bond n.  a pair of bonds between two atoms in a molecule 双键

double-book v. tr.  accept two reservations simultaneously for (the same seat, room, etc.) (同一座位、房间等)接受两家预定

double-breasted adj. (of a coat etc.) having two fronts overlapping across the body (上衣等)双排扣的；对襟的

double-check v. tr.  verify twice or in two ways 复核；用两种方式查对

double chin n.  a chin with a fold of loose flesh below it 双下巴 □ double-chinned  adj.  

double coconut n.  a very large nut of the coco-de-mer 复椰子(实)

double concerto n.  a concerto for two solo instruments 二重协奏曲

double cream n. Brit.  thick cream with a high fat content [英]高脂厚奶油

double-cross v. & n. ●v. tr.  deceive or betray (a person one is supposedly helping) 欺骗，背叛(想像中的盟友) ●n.  an act of doing this 欺骗行为，叛变行为 □ double-crosser  n.  

double dagger n.  = DOUBLE OBELUS 

double-dealing n. & adj. ●n.  deceit, esp. in business (尤指商业上的)欺骗 ●adj.  deceitful; practising deceit 欺诈的；行骗的 □ double-dealer  n.  

double-decker n.  1  a bus having an upper and lower deck 双层公共汽车 2 colloq.  anything consisting of two layers [口]双层结构物

double-declutch v. intr. Brit.  release and re-engage the clutch twice when changing gear [英] (换档时)使离合器两次分离

double decomposition n. Chem.  a reaction in which two compounds exchange radicals or ions Also called 亦称作 metathesis 【化】复分解；双分解

double density adj. Computing  designating a storage device, esp. a disk, having twice the basic capacity 【计算】(存储设备，尤指磁盘的)双密度的

double dummy n. Bridge  play with two hands exposed, allowing every card to be located 【桥牌】双明手惠斯特牌戏

double Dutch n.  1 Brit. colloq.  incomprehensible talk [英口]莫名其妙的话；难以理解的话语 2 US  a jumping game, played with two skipping ropes swung in opposite directions so that they rhythmically cross [美] (两条绳索作相反方向有节奏地摆动时进行的)双人跳绳游戏

double-dyed adj.  deeply affected with guilt 恶贯满盈的

double eagle n.  1  a figure of a two-headed eagle 双头鹰图形 2 US Golf [美]【高尔夫球】  = ALBATROSS 2  3  a former US coin worth twenty dollars 双鹰金元(美国旧币，值 20 美元)

double-edged adj.  1  having two functions or (often contradictory) applications 模棱两可的；暧昧的(常互为矛盾) 2 (of a knife etc.) having two cutting edges (刀等)双刃的

double entendre /ˌdu:b(ə)l ɒ˜ˈtɒ˜dr(ə)/ n.  1  a word or phrase open to two interpretations, one usu. risqué or indecent (通常指有猥亵含义的)双关语 2  humour using such words or phrases 语义双关的幽默 [obsolete French, = double understanding]

double entry n.  a system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another 复式分录；复式记录

double exposure n.  the accidental or deliberate repeated exposure of a plate, film, etc. (对感光板、胶片等)两次曝光

double-faced adj.  1  insincere 伪善的；口是心非的 2 (of a fabric or material) finished on both sides so that either may be used as the right side (织物或材料)双面的

double fault n. & v. Tennis 【网球】  ●n.  two consecutive faults in serving 两次发球失误 ●v. intr. (double-fault)  serve a double fault 发球双误

double feature n.  a cinema programme with two full-length films 两片连映

double figures n. pl.  the numbers from 10 to 99 (10 至 99 的)两位数

double first n. Brit.  1  first-class honours in two subjects or examinations at a university [英]大学两门课程考试获优等成绩 2  a person achieving this 两门课程考试获优的人

double-fronted adj. (of a house) with principal windows on either side of the front door (房屋)前门两侧有窗的

double-ganger /ˈdʌb(ə)lɡæŋə/ n.  = DOPPELGÄNGER 

double glazing n.  1  glazing consisting of two layers of glass with a space between them, designed to reduce loss of heat and exclude noise 双层玻璃(一种双层中空密封的玻璃，具有隔热、隔音的效果) 2  the provision of this 双层玻璃的配置 □ double-glazed  adj.  

double Gloucester n.  a kind of hard cheese originally made in Gloucestershire 双料格洛斯特硬干酪

double-headed adj.  1  having a double head or two heads 双头的 2 (of a train) pulled by two locomotives (火车)双机头(牵引)的

double header n.  1  a train pulled by two locomotives coupled together 双机牵引的火车 2 N. Amer.  two games etc. in succession between the same opponents [北美] (与同一对手间的)一天连续两场比赛(运动等) 3 Austral. colloq.  a coin with a head on both sides [澳口]双面头像硬币

double helix n.  a pair of parallel helices with a common axis, esp. in the structure of the DNA molecule (尤指在脱氧核糖核酸分子结构中平行的)双螺旋

double-jointed adj.  having joints that allow unusual bending of the fingers, limbs, etc. 双重关节的； (手指、四肢等)能作异常弯曲的

double knitting n.  a grade of yarn that is double the usual thickness 比通常纱线粗一倍的纱线

double-lock v. tr.  lock by a double turn of the key (将钥匙转动两圈)把…双重锁上

double napoleon n. hist.  a forty-franc piece [史义]双拿破仑金币(值 40 法郎)

double negative n.  a negative statement containing two negative elements (e.g. 如 didn't say nothing 什么也没说) 双重否定■Usage 用法说明 The use of the double negative is considered ungrammatical in standard English. 这种双重否定在标准英语中被认为不合语法规范。 

double obelus n. (also 亦作 double obelisk)  a sign (‡) used to introduce a reference 双剑号(用以指示附注所用的符号)

double-park v. tr. & intr.  park (a vehicle) alongside one that is already parked at the roadside (在道路旁与其他车)并排停(车)，双行停(车)

double play n. Baseball  putting out two runners 【棒球】双杀

double pneumonia n.  pneumonia affecting both lungs 双侧肺炎

double quick adj. & adv.  very quick or quickly 极迅速的(地)

double refraction n.  refraction forming two separate rays from a single incident ray 双折射

double rhyme n.  a rhyme including two syllables 双韵

double salt n.  a salt composed of two simple salts and having different crystal properties from either 复盐

double saucepan n. Brit. [英]  = DOUBLE BOILER 

double shuffle n.  a shuffle executed twice with one foot and then twice with the other (每只脚连续两次擦地的)双擦舞步

double-sided adj.  that can be used on both sides 具两面的；有两方面的

doublespeak /ˈdʌb(ə)lspi:k/ n.  language or talk that is (usu. deliberately) ambiguous or obscure (通常有意的)故弄玄虚的言辞；欺人之谈

double standard n.  1  a rule or principle applied more strictly to some people than to others (or to oneself) (他人之间或对己)双重标准 2  bimetallism 复本位(制)

double star n.  two stars actually or apparently very close together (肉眼观测或实际离得很近的)双星

double-stopping n. Mus.  the sounding of two strings at once on a violin etc. 【音】(小提琴等上的)双按，奏双音 □ double stop  n.  

doublet /ˈdʌblit/ n.  1  either of a pair of similar things, esp. either of two words of the same derivation but different sense (e.g. 如 fashion and faction, cloak and clock) 成对物中的一个(尤指两个异形异义同源词中的一个) 2 hist.  a man's short close-fitting jacket, with or without sleeves [史义]紧身背心(或上衣) 3  a historical or biblical account occurring twice in differing contexts, usu. traceable to different sources (通常出自不同来源，在历史或圣经叙述中前后两次出现又各不相同的)类似的东西 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the same number on two dice thrown at once (掷出的)一对同点骰子 5  a pair of associated lines close together in a spectrum (光谱的)双重线 6  a combination of two simple lenses 双合透镜 [Middle English from Old French, from double: see DOUBLE]

double take n.  a delayed reaction to a situation etc. immediately after one's first reaction (对特殊情况等的)过后才恍然大悟(或大吃一惊)的反应

double-talk n.  = DOUBLESPEAK 

doublethink /ˈdʌb(ə)lθiŋk/ n.  the mental capacity to accept contrary opinions or beliefs at the same time esp. as a result of political indoctrination (尤指同时接受政治观点上两种相矛盾的)双重思想；双重信念 [coined by George Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)]

double time n.  1  payment of an employee at twice the normal rate 双工资 2 Mil.  the regulation running pace 【军】(行军)快步

double-tonguing n. Mus.  a method of tonguing using two alternate tongue movements, usu. made by sounding t and k alternately, in order to facilitate rapid playing of a wind instrument 【音】双吐奏(通常交替发 t 和 k 声)

double top n. Darts  a score of double twenty 【飞镖】双二十分

double whammy n. colloq.  a twofold blow or setback [口]双重打击(或挫折), 两面夹攻

doubloon /dʌˈblu:n/ n.  1 hist.  a Spanish gold coin [史义]达布隆(西班牙金币) 2 (in pl. 用复数) slang  money [俚语]钱 [French doublon or Spanish doblón (as DOUBLE)]

doublure /du:bˈljʊə, 法 dublyr/ n.  an ornamental lining, usu. leather, inside a book cover 书封内(通常为皮质的)裱衬 [French, = lining, from doubler ‘to line’]

doubt /daʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a feeling of uncertainty; an undecided state of mind 疑惑；不确定  be in no doubt about  能肯定 have no doubt that  对…确信无疑 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, about)  an inclination to disbelieve 怀疑  have one's doubts about  对…有怀疑 3  an uncertain state of things 迟疑；疑虑 4  a lack of full proof or clear indication 疑问；不明确  benefit of the doubt  未经证实之前假定无辜，疑中留情 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 whether, if, that + clause; also foll. (after neg. or interrog.) by 亦后跟(在否定式疑问词后) but, but that)  feel uncertain or undecided about 不能肯定；对…没准儿  I doubt that you are right  我不能肯定你是对的 I do not doubt but that you are wrong  我能断定，你是错了 2 tr.  hesitate to believe or trust 怀疑，不相信 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  feel uncertain or undecided; have doubts 不能肯定；疑惑  never doubted of success  从未对成功表示怀疑 4 tr.  call in question 提出质疑 5 tr. Brit. archaic or dial.  rather think that; suspect or fear that [英古义] [方]猜想；害怕；担心  I doubt we are late  我担心我们迟到了 □ beyond doubt   certainly 确定无疑□ in doubt   uncertain; open to question 不能肯定；尚待讨论□ no doubt   certainly; probably; admittedly 确实地；可能地；公认地□ without doubt (or a doubt)   certainly 无疑地□ doubtable  adj.  □ doubter  n.  □ doubtingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French doute (n.), douter (v.) from Latin dubitare ‘hesitate’]

doubtful /ˈdaʊtfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  feeling doubt or misgivings; unsure or guarded in one's opinion 疑惑的；怀疑的 2  causing doubt; ambiguous; uncertain in meaning etc. (意思等)引起怀疑的；含糊不清的；意义不明的 3  unreliable 不可靠的  a doubtful ally  不可靠的盟友 □ doubtfully  adv.  □ doubtfulness  n.  

doubting Thomas n.  an incredulous or sceptical person (after John 20:24 － 29) 怀疑一切的人；怀疑主义者(源自《圣经·约翰福音》 20:24-29)

doubtless /ˈdaʊtlis/ adv. (often qualifying a sentence 常修饰句子)  1  certainly; no doubt 的确；无疑地 2  probably 很可能 □ doubtlessly  adv.  

douce /du:s/ adj. Sc.  sober, gentle, sedate [苏格兰]冷静的；文雅的；稳(或庄)重的 [Middle English via Old French dous douce from Latin dulcis ‘sweet’]

douche /du:ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a jet of liquid applied to part of the body for cleansing or medicinal purposes 灌洗(疗法；) 冲洗(疗法) 2  a device for producing such a jet 灌洗器；冲洗器 ●v.  1 tr.  treat with a douche 灌洗；冲洗 2 intr.  use a douche 使用冲洗(或灌洗)法 [French from Italian doccia ‘pipe’, from docciare ‘pour by drops’, ultimately from Latin ductus: see DUCT]

Doug /dʌg/   道格 [人名]

dough /dəʊ/ n.  1  a thick mixture of flour etc. and liquid (usu. water), for baking into bread, pastry, etc. (通常用水和面粉等混合的)生面团(用于制作面包、油酥点心等) 2 slang  money [俚语]钱 [Old English dɑˉg, from Germanic]

doughboy /ˈdəʊbɔi/ n.  1  a boiled or US deep-fried dumpling 汤团；[美]油炸面团 2 US colloq.  a United States infantryman, esp. in the First World War [美口] (尤指在一战中的)美国步兵

doughnut /ˈdəʊnʌt/ n. (US [美] donut)  1  a small fried cake of sweetened dough, usu. in the shape of a ball or ring 炸面圈(通常球形或圈形) 2  a ring-shaped object, esp. Physics a vacuum chamber for acceleration of particles in a betatron or synchrotron 环形物；【物理学】环形室(电子回旋加速器或者同步加速器中粒子加速的真空室)

doughnutting /ˈdəʊnʌtiŋ/ n.  the clustering of politicans round a speaker during a televised debate to make him or her appear well supported 前呼后拥(政客们在电视播送的辩论中，簇拥着发言的政治家以显示他或她得到充分的支持)

doughty /ˈdaʊti/ adj. (doughtier, doughtiest) archaic or joc.  valiant, stout-hearted [古义] [诙]勇敢的；顽强的 □ doughtily  adv.  □ doughtiness  n.   [Old English dohtig, variant of dyhtig, from Germanic]

doughy /ˈdəʊi/ adj. (doughier, doughiest)  1  having the form or consistency of dough 面团(似)的 2  pale and sickly in colour 苍白的 □ doughiness  n.  

Douglas /ˈdʌgləs/   道格拉斯 [人名]

Douglas fir /ˈdʌɡləs/ n. (also 亦作 Douglas pine or Douglas spruce)  any large conifer of the genus Pseudotsuga, of western N. America (北美洲西部产的黄杉属)花旗松，黄杉 [named after D. Douglas, Scots botanist d. 1834]

doum /du:m/ n. (in full 全称 doum-palm)  a palm tree, Hyphaene thebaica, with edible fruit 埃及姜果棕 [Arabic dawm, dūm]

dour /ˈdʊə/ adj.  severe, stern, or sullenly obstinate in manner or appearance 严峻的；严厉的；顽强的 □ dourly  adv.  □ dourness  n.   [Middle English (originally Scots), probably from Gaelic dúr ‘dull, obstinate’, perhaps from Latin durus ‘hard’]

douroucouli /dʊərʊˈku:li/ n. (pl. douroucoulis)  any nocturnal monkey of the genus Aotus, native to S. America, having large staring eyes Also called 亦称作 night monkey, owl monkey (原产南美的夜猴属)夜猴 [native name]

douse /daʊs/ v. tr. (also 亦作 dowse)  1  a  throw water over 在…上浇水b  plunge into water 把…浸入水中 2  extinguish (a light) 弄灭，使(灯)熄灭 3 Naut. 【海】  a  lower (a sail) 降低(帆、桅)b  close (a porthole) 关闭(舷窗) [16th c.: perhaps related to Middle Dutch, Low German dossen ‘strike’]

dove1 /dʌv/ n.  1  any bird of the family Columbidae, with short legs, small head, and large breast (鸠鸽科)鸽子 2  a gentle or innocent person 文雅(或纯洁无瑕)的人 3 Polit.  an advocate of peace or peaceful policies (cf. 参见 HAWK1) 【政】鸽派(主张和平或爱好和平政策的拥护者) 4 (Dove) Relig.  a representation of the Holy Spirit (John 1:32) 【宗】圣灵(《圣经·约翰福音》 1:32) 5  a soft grey colour 一种色调柔和的灰色，鸽子灰 □ dovelike  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse dúfa, from Germanic]

dove2 /dəʊv/ US [美] past and past part.  of DIVE 

dovecote /ˈdʌvkɒt/ n. (also 亦作 dovecot)  a shelter with nesting-holes for domesticated pigeons 鸽房，鸽舍

dove grey n. & adj. ●n.  a grey colour 鸽子灰 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 鸽灰色的

dovekie /ˈdʌvki/ n. N. Amer. & Sc. [北美和苏格兰]  = LITTLE AUK  [Scots, diminutive of DOVE1]

dove's-foot n.  a cranesbill, Geranium molle 柔毛老鹳草

dovetail /ˈdʌvteil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a joint formed by a mortise with a tenon shaped like a dove's spread tail or a reversed wedge 鸠尾榫接头 2  such a tenon 凸形榫 ●v.  1 tr.  join together by means of a dovetail 以鸠尾形结合 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, with)  fit readily together; combine neatly or compactly 使吻合；巧妙地拼合

dove tree n.  a tree, Davidia involucrata, native to China, whose flowers bear large white bracts like doves' wings (原产中国的)珙桐，鸽子树

dowager /ˈdaʊədʒə/ n.  1  a widow with a title or property derived from her late husband 继承亡夫爵位(或遗产)的未亡人  Queen dowager  王太后 dowager duchess  公爵遗孀 2 colloq.  a dignified elderly woman [口]老年贵妇人 [Old French doua-g(i)ere from douage (as DOWER)]

dowdy /ˈdaʊdi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (dowdier, dowdiest)  1 (of clothes) unattractively dull; unfashionable (衣着)不漂亮的；不雅致的；过时的 2 (of a person, esp. a woman) dressed in dowdy clothes (人，尤指女人)衣衫邋遢的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a dowdy woman 邋里邋遢的女人 □ dowdily  adv.  □ dowdiness  n.   [Middle English dowd ‘slut’, of unknown origin]

dowel /ˈdaʊəl/ n. & v. ●n.  a headless peg of wood, metal, or plastic for holding together components of a structure (无头)木榫钉；梢子 ●v. tr. (dowelled, dowelling; US [美] doweled, doweling)  fasten with a dowel or dowels 用暗榫钉固定 [Middle English from Middle Low German dovel: perhaps related to THOLE1]

dowelling /ˈdaʊəliŋ/ n. (US [美] doweling)  cylindrical rods for cutting into dowels (切削成暗榫钉的)圆棒

dower /ˈdaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a widow's share for life of her husband's estate (寡妇应得的)亡夫遗产 2 archaic  a dowry [古义]嫁妆 3  a natural gift or talent 天资；天赋 ●v. tr.  1 archaic  give a dowry to [古义]给…以嫁妆 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  endow with talent etc. 给…以天赋(天资等) □ dowerless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French douaire and medieval Latin dotarium from Latin dos dotis; related to dare ‘give’]

dower house n. Brit.  a smaller house near a big one, forming part of a widow's dower [英] (在大屋旁边作为部分亡夫遗产的)寡妇小屋

dowitcher /ˈdaʊitʃə/ n.  a wading bird of the genus Limnodromus, breeding in northern N. America and related to sandpipers (北美北部半蹼鹬属) (长喙)半蹼鹬 [Iroquoian]

Dow-Jones index /daʊˈdʒəʊnz/ n. (also 亦作 Dow-Jones average)  a figure based on the average price of selected stocks, indicating the relative price of shares on the New York Stock Exchange 道琼斯(股票)平均指数(表明纽约股票交易所所选股票相对价格升降趋势的指数) [named after C. H. Dow d. 1902 & E. D. Jones d. 1920, American economists]

down1 /daʊn/ adv., prep., adj., v. & n. ●adv. (superl. downmost)  1  into or towards a lower place, esp. to the ground 向下，朝下(尤指向地面)  fall down  落下 knelt down  跪下 2  in a lower place or position 在下面；在低处  blinds were down  窗帘放下了 3  to or in a place regarded as lower, esp. 去往(或在)一个低的地方，尤指 :a  southwards 向南方；在南方b Brit.  away from a major city or a university [英]离(开)主要城市或大学(有段距离) 4  a  in or into a low or weaker position, mood, or condition 处于低等地位；处于潦倒(或屈辱或受约束)的状况；处于精神(或健康)低落状态  hit a man when he's down  落井下石 many down with colds  许多人因患感冒而病倒了b  in a position of lagging behind or losing (职位)落后(对方)地；亏损地  our team was three goals down  我们队落后 3 分 £ 5 down on the transaction  交易亏损 5 英镑c (of a computer system) out of action or unavailable for use (esp. temporarily) (计算系统)不运行； (尤指暂时)无法启用 5  from an earlier to a later time 从上代往后；下传；下至  customs handed down  风俗传了下来 down to 1600  直至 1600 年 6  to a finer or thinner consistency or a smaller amount or size 由粗变细；由浓变淡，成粉末状  grind down  碾成粉 water down  用水冲淡 boil down  熬稠 7  cheaper; lower in price or value 便宜；价格(价值)下跌  bread is down  面包降价 shares are down  股票下跌 8  into a more settled state 稳定状态  calm down  完全镇静下来 9  in writing; in or into recorded or listed form (写)下； (录)下； (记)下  copy it down  抄下来 I got it down on tape  我已把它录在磁带上 you are down to speak next  你记(录)下一个讲话 10 (of part of a larger whole) paid, dealt with (部分)已付； (部分)已处置  £ 5 down, £ 20 to pay  已还 5 英镑，还剩 20 英镑 three down, six to go  已完 3 门；还剩 6 门 11 Naut. 【海】  a  with the current or wind 顺流地；顺风地b (of a ship's helm) with the rudder to windward (船舵)向下风 12  inclusively of the lower limit in a series 下至；直至  read down to the third paragraph  从头读到第 3 段为止 13 (as 作 int.)  lie down, put (something) down, etc. (躺)下； (放)下(坐下等) 14 (of a crossword clue or answer) read vertically (填字游戏提示或答案)竖着读  cannot do five down  往下读不了 5 个字母 15  downstairs, esp. after rising (尤指起床后)下楼  is not down yet  尚未下楼 16  swallowed (吞)下； (吃)下； (喝)下  could not get the pill down  吞不下药片 17 Amer. Football (of the ball) out of play 【美式橄榄球】成死球 ●prep.  1  downwards along, through, or into 往(或在)…的下端；向(或在)…那一端 2  from top to bottom of 从顶部到底部 3  along 沿，顺，循  walk down the road  沿路走去 cut down the middle  沿中间剪下 4  at or in a lower part of 往(或在)…的下游  situated down the river  坐落在河的下游 ●adj. (superl. downmost)  1  directed downwards 向下(方)的 2 Brit.  of travel away from a capital or centre [英]离开首都(或中心)的；下行的  the down train  下行列车 the down platform  下行列车站台 ●v. tr. colloq. [口]  1  knock or bring down 撞到；使倒下 2  swallow (a drink) 吞(喝)下 ●n.  1  a Sport  an act of putting down 【运动】击倒；摔倒b Amer. Football  any of a series of chances to advance the ball for a score 【美式橄榄球】十码进攻 2  a reverse of fortune 倒霉事；不幸事；挫折；失败  ups and downs  沉浮；荣枯；盛衰 3 colloq.  a period of depression [口]萧条(或衰退)期 4  the play of the first piece in dominoes (多米诺牌戏中的)第一张牌的打出 □ be (or have a) down on  colloq.  disapprove of; show animosity towards [口]憎恶；怨恨□ be down to   1  be attributable to 归因于 2  be the responsibility of 对…负有责任 3  have used up everything except 几乎耗尽，仅剩下  down to their last tin of rations  他们穷困到仅剩下最后一罐口粮□ down on one's luck  colloq. [口]  1  temporarily unfortunate 一时不走运的(地) 2  dispirited by misfortune 因厄运而沮丧的(地)□ down to the ground  colloq.  completely [口]完全地；彻底地□ down tools  Brit. colloq.  cease work, esp. to go on strike [英口]停止工作(尤指举行罢工)□ down with  int.  expressing strong disapproval or rejection of a specified person or thing 打倒；不要(表达对某人、某事的一种强烈的不满或反对) [Old English dūn(e) aphetic form of adūne ‘downward’]

down2 /daʊn/ n.  1  a  the first covering of young birds 雏鸟的绒毛b  a bird's under-plumage, used in cushions etc. (用于填充垫子等的)羽绒c  a layer of fine soft feathers 绒羽 2  fine soft hair esp. on the face (尤指脸部)汗毛，软毛 3  short soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, seeds, etc. (树叶、果实、种子等的)短茸毛，短绒毛 4  a fluffy substance, e.g. thistledown 毛茸茸物质(如蓟种子冠毛) [Middle English from Old Norse dúnn]

down3 /daʊn/ n.  1  an area of open rolling land 开阔的丘陵地 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a  undulating chalk and limestone uplands esp. in southern England, with few trees and used mainly for pasture (尤指英格兰南部几乎无树、主要用于放牧的石灰岩地区)有草的丘陵地，有草的开阔高地b (作 Downs)  a part of the sea (opposite the North Downs) off E. Kent (东肯特地区外的)唐区(北唐区对面) □ downy  adj.   [Old English dūn, perhaps from Celtic]

down and out adj. & n. ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  penniless, destitute 穷困的，落魄的，潦倒的 2 Boxing  unable to resume the fight 【拳击】拳击被击倒而不能(在规定时间内)站立起来的 ●n. (作 down-and-out)  a destitute person 贫病交困的人

down at heel adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 (of a shoe) with the heel worn down (鞋)露脚跟的 2 (of a person) impoverished; shabby, slovenly (人)贫困的；衣服褴褛的；邋里邋遢的

downbeat /ˈdaʊnbi:t/ n. & adj. ●n. Mus.  an accented beat, usu. the first of the bar 【音】(通常第一小节)强拍 ●adj.  1  pessimistic, gloomy 悲观的；忧郁的 2  relaxed 放松的

downcast /ˈdaʊnkɑ:st/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of eyes) looking downwards (目光)向下的；低垂的 2 (of a person) dejected (人)沮丧的 ●n.  a shaft dug in a mine for extra ventilation 下风井(矿井中所开挖的通风道)

downcomer /ˈdaʊnkʌmə/ n.  a pipe for the downward transport of water or gas 下水(气)管道

down draught n.  a downward draught, esp. one down a chimney into a room (尤指从烟囱灌到房间的)倒灌风

downer /ˈdaʊnə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a depressant or tranquillizing drug, esp. a barbiturate 抑制药；镇定剂(尤指巴比妥类药物) 2  a depressing person or experience; a failure 令人沮丧的人(经历；) 失败 3  = DOWNTURN 

downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔ:l/ n.  1  a  a fall from prosperity or power 衰落；垮台b  the cause of this 衰落(或垮台)的原因 2  a sudden heavy fall of rain etc. 大阵雨(雪等)

downfield /daʊnˈfi:ld/ adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = UPFIELD 

downfold /ˈdaʊnfəʊld/ n. Geol.  a syncline 【地质】向斜(槽)

downgrade v. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈdaʊnɡreid, daʊnˈɡreid/  1  make lower in rank or status 使降级；使降职 2  speak disparagingly of 贬低；降低 ●n. /ˈdaʊnɡreid/ esp. US [尤美]  1  a downward gradient, esp. on a railway or road; a downward course (尤指铁路或道路的)下坡；下行线路 2  a deterioration or decline 退化；衰落 3  an instance of downgrading or being downgraded (in sense 1 of v.) 降职；降级(用于动词释义 1) □ on the downgrade  US  in decline [美]在走下坡路，在衰落中

downhearted /daʊnˈhɑ:tid/ adj.  dejected; in low spirits 垂头丧气的；无精打采的 □ downheartedly  adv.  □ downheartedness  n.  

downhill adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /daʊnˈhil/  in a descending direction, esp. towards the bottom of an incline 向山下；向坡下；向下(尤指向底部) ●adj. /ˈdaʊnhil/  1  sloping down, descending 向下倾斜的；下降的 2  declining; deteriorating 衰退中的；恶化的 ●n. /ˈdaʊnhil/  1 Skiing  a downhill race 【滑雪】速降滑雪 2  a downward slope 下坡(路) 3  a decline 衰落 □ go downhill  colloq.  decline, deteriorate (in health, state of repair, moral state, etc.) [口] (健康、状态、品行等的)恶化；退化；堕落□ downhiller  n. Skiing [滑雪]  速降滑雪运动员

down-home attrib. adj. esp. US  reminiscent of one's home; unpretentious [尤美]怀念家乡的，淳朴热情的

down in the mouth adj. colloq.  looking unhappy [口]神情沮丧的

downland /ˈdaʊnlənd/ n.  = DOWN3 

download v. & n. Computing 【计算】  ●v. tr. /daʊnˈləʊd/  transfer (data) from one storage device or system to another (esp. a smaller remote one) 将(尤指少量远程数据)下载 ●n. /ˈdaʊnləʊd/ (often 常作 attrib.)  a transfer of this type 下载  download utilities  下载实用程序

downmarket /daʊnˈmɑ:kit, ˈdaʊn-/ adj. & adv. esp. Brit. colloq.  towards or relating to the cheaper or less affluent sector of the market [尤英口] (有关)面向低收入消费者的

downmost /ˈdaʊnməʊst/ adj. & adv. esp. Brit.  the furthest down [尤英]最下面的(地)

down payment n.  a partial payment made at the time of purchase 定金，初付款额

downpipe /ˈdaʊnpaip/ n. Brit.  a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to a drain or to ground level [英]水落管

downplay /daʊnˈplei/ v. tr.  play down; minimize the importance of 对…轻描淡写；贬低，低估

downpour /ˈdaʊnpɔ:/ n.  a heavy fall of rain 倾盆大雨

downrate /daʊnˈreit/ v. tr.  make lower in value, standard, importance, etc.; downgrade 降低(价值、标准、重要性等；) 使降级

downright /ˈdaʊnrait/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  plain, definite, straightforward, blunt 明白的；明确的；率直的；直截了当的 2  utter, complete 完全的；彻头彻尾的  a downright lie  彻头彻尾的谎言 downright nonsense  一派胡言 ●adv.  thoroughly, completely, positively 彻底地；完全地；断然地  downright inconsiderate  完全不顾他人的 □ downrightness  n.  

downriver adv. & adj. ●adv. /daʊnˈrivə/  at or towards a point nearer the mouth of a river 在下游；向河口 ●adj. /ˈdaʊnrivə/  situated or occurring downriver 位于下游(河口)的；发生在下游(河口)的

downscale /ˈdaʊnskeil/ v. & adj. US [美] ●v. tr.  reduce or restrict in size, scale, or extent (将…)缩小尺寸； (将…)降低程度(或档次) ●adj.  at the lower end of a scale, esp. a social scale; inferior (尤指社会级别)低档的；下层的

downshift /ˈdaʊnʃift/ n. & v. ●n.  a movement downwards, esp. a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle (尤指汽车的)调低速档 ●v. intr.  make a downshift 调低速档

downside /ˈdaʊnsaid/ n.  1  the negative aspect of something; a disadvantage or drawback 负面；劣势，弊端 2  a downward movement of share prices etc. (股价等的)下跌

downsize /ˈdaʊnsaiz/ v. tr. & intr. esp. US  reduce in size [尤美]缩小尺寸；缩减

downspout /ˈdaʊnspaʊt/ n. US [美]  = DOWNPIPE 

Down's syndrome /daʊnz/ n. Med.  a congenital disorder due to a chromosome defect, characterized by diminished intelligence and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile (cf. 参见 MONGOLISM, TRISOMY) 【医】唐氏(道恩)综合病征(因为染色体的先天性混乱而引起智能低下以及身材矮小、宽脸庞的体型变化) [named after J. L. H. Down, English physician d. 1896]

downstage /ˈdaʊnsteidʒ, -ˈsteidʒ/ adj. & adv.  at or to the front of the stage 在舞台前(的；) 向舞台前(的)

downstairs adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /daʊnˈstɛəz/  1  down a flight of stairs 顺楼梯而下 2  to or on a lower floor 往楼下；在楼下 ●adj. /ˈdaʊnstɛəz/ (also 亦作 downstair)  situated downstairs 在楼下的 ●n. /ˈdaʊnstɛəz/  the lower floor 楼下

downstate /ˈdaʊnsteit/ adj., n. & adv. US [美] ●adj.  of or in a part of a state remote from large cities, esp. the southern part 远离城市的； (尤指南部州)边远地区的 ●n.  a downstate area 偏远地区 ●adv.  in a downstate area 在边远地区

downstream adv. & adj. ●adv. /daʊnˈstri:m/  in the direction of the flow of a stream etc. (河流等)顺流地；在下游 ●adj. /ˈdaʊnstri:m/  moving downstream 顺流而下的

downstroke /ˈdaʊnstrəʊk/ n.  a stroke made or written downwards 向下的一击(或一笔、一划)

downswing /ˈdaʊnswiŋ/ n.  1  a downward trend, esp. in economic conditions (尤指经济状况的)下降趋势 2 Golf  the downward movement of the club when the player is about to hit the ball 【高尔夫球】(球棒的)往下挥动

downthrow /ˈdaʊnθrəʊ/ n. Geol.  a downward dislocation of strata 【地质】(断层的)下落；下落地块

down time n.  time during which a machine, esp. a computer, is out of action or unavailable for use (机器，尤指计算机的)停机时间；故障时间

down-to-earth adj.  practical, realistic 务实的；现实的；实际的

down town adv.  1  into a town from a higher or outlying part 从高处(或偏远)地区进入闹市区 2 esp. N. Amer.  to or in the business part of a city (see also 亦见 DOWNTOWN) [尤北美]往(或在)城市的商业区

downtown adj., n. & adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●adj. /ˈdaʊntaʊn/  of or in the more central or lower part, or the business part, of a town or city (在)市中心区的； (在)较低地区的； (在)商业区(或闹市区)的 ●n. /ˈdaʊntaʊn/  a downtown area 中心区；较低地区；商业区；闹市区 ●adv. /daʊnˈtaʊn/  in or into a downtown area 在(或去)中心区(较低地区、商业区、闹市区)

downtrodden /ˈdaʊntrɒd(ə)n/ adj.  oppressed; badly treated; kept under 受压迫的；受暴政统治的；被践踏的；被蹂躏的；被压制的

downturn /ˈdaʊntɜ:n/ n.  a decline, esp. in economic or business activity 衰落，衰退； (尤指经济或商业的)低迷

down under adv. & n. colloq. [口] ●adv.  in or to the antipodes, i.e. to Australia or New Zealand 在(或往)澳大利亚(或新西兰) ●n.  the antipodes; Australia or New Zealand 对跖地；澳大利亚(或新西兰)地区

downward /ˈdaʊnwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 downwards)  towards what is lower, inferior, less important, or later 向下地；下跌地；不重要地；往后推移地 ●adj.  moving, extending, pointing, or leading downward 下移的；下延的；朝下的；往下的 □ downwardly  adv.  

downwarp /ˈdaʊnwɔ:p/ n. Geol.  a broad surface depression; a syncline 【地质】下翘；凹陷；向斜

downwind /daʊnˈwind/ adj. & adv.  in the direction in which the wind is blowing 顺风的(地)

downy /ˈdaʊni/ adj. (downier, downiest)  1  a  of, like, or covered with down 绒毛(似)的；被绒毛覆盖的b  soft and fluffy 柔软的，毛茸茸的 2 Brit. slang  aware, knowing [英] [俚语]精明的；聪明的 □ downily  adv.  □ downiness  n.  

dowry /ˈdaʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  property or money brought by a bride to her husband 嫁妆 2  a talent, a natural gift 天赋；天资 [Middle English from Anglo-French dowarie, Old French douaire DOWER]

dowse1 /daʊz/ v. intr.  search for underground water or minerals by holding a Y-shaped stick or rod which dips abruptly when over the right spot 用占卜杖 (Y 形棍或杆)探寻水源(或矿脉) □ dowser  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

dowse2 var.  of DOUSE  DOUSE 的变体

dowsing rod n.  a stick or rod used in dowsing (探寻水源或矿脉的)占卜杖

doxology /dɒkˈsɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a liturgical formula of praise to God 荣耀颂(赞美上帝的颂辞) □ doxological  /-səˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [medieval Latin doxologia from Greek doxologia, from doxa ‘glory’ + -LOGY]

doxy /ˈdɒksi/ n. (pl. -ies) literary [文学用语]  1  a lover or mistress 情妇 2  a prostitute 娼妓 [16th-c. cant: origin unknown]

doyen /ˈdɔiən, ˈdwɑ:jã/ n. (fem. doyenne /ˈdɔien, dɔiˈen, dwɑ:ˈjen/)  the most senior or most prominent of a particular category or body of people 老资格；老前辈；首席 [French (as DEAN1)]

doyley var.  of DOILY  DOILY 的变体

doz. abbr. [缩略]  dozen 

doze /dəʊz/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  sleep lightly; be half asleep 打瞌睡；昏昏欲睡 ●n.  a short light sleep 小睡 □ doze off   fall lightly asleep 打盹儿 [17th c.: origin unknown, perhaps related to Danish døse ‘make drowsy’]

dozen /ˈdʌz(ə)n/ n.  1 (prec. by a or a number 前接 a 或一个数字) (pl. dozen)  twelve, regarded collectively 十二个；一打  a dozen eggs  一打鸡蛋 two dozen packets  24 包 ordered three dozen  定购三打 2  a set or group of twelve 一打(或 12 个)一组  packed in dozens  成打地包装 3 colloq.  about twelve, a fairly large indefinite number [口]大约 12 个；相当大数量 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) colloq.  very many [口]很多的  made dozens of mistakes  出了很多错 5 (the dozens)  a black American game or ritualized exchange of verbal insults 对骂游戏；骂娘比赛 □ by the dozen   in large quantities 大量的□ talk nineteen to the dozen  Brit.  talk incessantly [英]喋喋不休□ dozenth  adj.   [Middle English from Old French dozeine, ultimately from Latin duodecim ‘twelve’]

dozer /ˈdəʊzə/ n. colloq. [口]  = BULLDOZER 1  [abbreviation]

dozy /ˈdəʊzi/ adj. (dozier, doziest)  1  drowsy; tending to doze 昏昏欲睡的；想睡的 2 Brit. colloq.  stupid or lazy [英口]愚蠢的；懒惰的 □ dozily  adv.  □ doziness  n.  

DP abbr. [缩略]  1  data processing 资料(数据)处理 2  displaced person 失去家园者

D.Phil. abbr.  Doctor of Philosophy [缩略]哲学博士

DPP abbr. (in the UK) Director of Public Prosecutions [缩略] (英国)检察官

Dr abbr. [缩略]  1  Doctor  2  Drive  3  debtor; debit 

dr. abbr. [缩略]  1  drachm(s)  2  drachma(s)  3  dram(s) 

drab1 /dræb/ adj. & n. ●adj. (drabber, drabbest)  1  dull, uninteresting 单调的；乏味的 2  of a dull brownish colour 土褐色的 ●n.  1  drab colour 土褐色 2  monotony 单调乏味 □ drably  adv.  □ drabness  n.   [probably from obsolete drap ‘cloth’ via Old French from Late Latin drappus, perhaps of Celtic origin]

drab2  see 见 DRIBS AND DRABS 

drab3 /dræb/ n.  1  a slut; a slattern 邋遢女人；荡妇 2  a prostitute 妓女 [perhaps related to Low German drabbe ‘mire’, Dutch drab ‘dregs’]

drabble /ˈdræb(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr.  become or make dirty and wet with water or mud (使)变脏，变湿；弄得满身是泥 [Middle English from Low German drabbelen ‘paddle in water or mire’: cf. DRAB3]

dracaena /drəˈsi:nə/ n.  any of various shrubs and trees of the genera Dracaena and Cordyline (agave family) grown for their foliage (龙舌兰科)龙血树(朱蕉)属植物 [modern Latin from Greek drakaina, fem. of drakōn ‘dragon’]

drachm /dræm/ n.  a weight or measure formerly used by apothecaries, equivalent to 60 grains or one-eighth of an ounce, or (in full fluid drachm) 60 minims, one-eighth of a fluid ounce 打兰(过去药剂师用衡量单位，等于 60 格令，或 1/8 药用盎司，或 60 量滴， 1/8 液量盎司) [Middle English dragme via Old French dragme or Late Latin dragma from Latin drachma, from Greek drakhmē, an Attic weight and coin]

drachma /ˈdrækmə/ n. (pl. drachmas or drachmae /-mi:/)  1  the chief monetary unit of Greece 德拉克马(希腊主要货币单位) 2  a silver coin of ancient Greece 古希腊银币 [Latin from Greek drakhmē]

drack /dræk/ adj. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1 (esp. of a woman) unattractive (尤指女人)长相平平的 2  dismal, dull 阴沉的；无趣的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dracone /ˈdrækəʊn/ n. Brit.  a large flexible container for liquids, towed on the surface of the sea [英] (海面上用的)弹性拖曳容器(用于装液体) [Latin draco -onis from Greek drakōn ‘serpent’: from its shape]

Draconian /drəˈkəʊniən, drei-/ adj. (also 亦作 Draconic /-ˈkɒnik/)  very harsh or severe (esp. of laws and their application) (尤指法律及其实施)严酷的，残酷的 [Drakōn, the name of a 7th-c. BC Athenian legislator]

draff /dræf/ n.  1  dregs, lees 残渣；渣滓 2  refuse 废物；垃圾 [Middle English, perhaps from Old English]

draft /drɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a preliminary written version of a speech, document, etc. (发言、文件等)草稿b  a rough preliminary outline of a scheme 草案c  a sketch of work to be carried out 方案，轮廓 2  a  a written order for payment of money by a bank 汇票；付款通知单b  the drawing of money by means of this (凭汇票的)支付 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  a demand made on a person's confidence, friendship, etc. 对某人信任(或友谊)的要求 4  a  a party detached from a larger group for a special duty or purpose 分遣队；特遣部队b  the selection of this 特遣部队挑选 5 US  compulsory military service [美]服兵役 6  a reinforcement 增援力量 7 US [美]  = DRAUGHT  ●v. tr.  1  prepare a draft of (a document, scheme, etc.) 起草(文件、方案等) 2  select for a special duty or purpose 选拔，选派 3 US  conscript for military service [美]征兵 □ draftee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ drafter  n.   [phonetic spelling of DRAUGHT]

draft dodger n. US  a person who tries to avoid compulsory military service [美]逃避服兵役者 □ draft dodging  n.  

draftsman /ˈdrɑ:f(t)smən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who drafts documents (文件的)起草人 2  = DRAUGHTSMAN 1  [phonetic spelling of DRAUGHTSMAN]

drafty US var.  of DRAUGHTY [美] DRAUGHTY 的变体

drag /dræɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (dragged, dragging)  1 tr.  pull along with effort or difficulty (用力或费劲地)拖，拉，曳 2  a tr.  allow (one's feet, tail, etc.) to trail along the ground 拖着(脚、尾等)行进b intr.  trail along the ground 拖曳而进c intr. (of time etc.) go or pass heavily or slowly or tediously (时间等)放慢(或乏味地流逝) 3  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  use a grapnel or drag (to find a drowned person or lost object) 使用钩(或耙)寻找(溺水者或失落之物)b tr.  search the bottom of (a river etc.) with grapnels, nets, or drags (用钩、网或耙在河底等)打捞，搜索 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  take (a person to a place etc., esp. against his or her will) [口] (违背他人意愿地)带(人)去(某个地方)；硬拉(某人去某地) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, at) colloq.  draw on (a cigarette etc.) [口]叼着(烟卷等) 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  continue at tedious length 单调乏味(或缓慢费力)地行进；拖沓地行进 ●n.  1  a  an obstruction to progress 障碍；累赘b Aeron.  the longitudinal retarding force exerted by air 【空】阻力c  slow motion; impeded progress 滞动；缓慢费力的行进d  an iron shoe for retarding a horse-drawn vehicle downhill (马车下坡时使用的)车轮制动棒 2 colloq.  a boring or dreary person, duty, performance, etc. [口]极讨厌的人(或职责、表演、演出等) 3  a  a strong-smelling lure drawn before hounds as a substitute for a fox (引诱猎犬行猎的)人工臭迹b  a hunt using this 应用人工臭迹的行猎 4  an apparatus for dredging or recovering drowned persons etc. from under water (尤指从水底)疏浚器(或打捞死人等的装置) 5  = DRAGNET 1  6 slang  a draw on a cigarette etc. [俚语] (烟等)一吸；一抽 7 slang [俚语]  a  women's clothes worn by men (男穿)女装b  a party at which these are worn 男扮女装的人参加的舞会c  clothes in general 服装 8  an act of dragging 拖沓 9  a Brit. slang  a motor car [英] [俚语]汽车b (in full 全称 drag race)  an acceleration race between cars usu. for a quarter of a mile (通常赛程为 1/4 英里的)减重短程高速汽车赛 10 US slang  influence, pull [美] [俚语]影响力；引力 11 slang  a street or road [俚语]街道；道路  the main drag  主街 12 hist.  a private vehicle like a stagecoach, drawn by four horses [史义] (由四匹马拖拉的类似驿站马车的)私人车辆 □ drag one's feet (or heels)   be deliberately slow or reluctant to act 拖拖拉拉；故意慢吞吞地行动□ drag in   introduce (a subject) irrelevantly 硬把(某事)扯进去□ drag out   protract 拖延□ drag up  colloq. [口]  1  deliberately mention (an unwelcome subject) 故意提及(一个不受欢迎的话题) 2 Brit.  rear (a child) roughly and without proper training [英]胡乱地把(孩子)拉扯大 [Middle English from Old English dragan or Old Norse draga DRAW]

drag-anchor n. & v. ●n.  = SEA ANCHOR  ●v. intr. (drag anchor) (of a ship) move from a moored position when the anchor fails to hold (船)浮锚；流锚

draggle /ˈdræɡ(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  make dirty or wet or limp by trailing 拖脏，拖湿；慢吞吞地走 2 intr.  hang trailing 拖曳 3 intr.  lag; straggle in the rear 落后；缓缓而行 [DRAG + -LE4]

draggle-tailed adj. (of a woman) with untidily trailing skirts (女人)拖着邋遢长裙的

draggy /ˈdræɡi/ adj. (draggier, draggiest) colloq. [口]  1  tedious 单调乏味的；  2  unpleasant 令人不快的

drag-hound n.  a hound used to hunt with a drag 能循(人工)臭迹追踪的猎犬

dragline /ˈdræɡlain/ n.  an excavator with a bucket pulled in by a wire rope 拉铲挖掘机

dragnet /ˈdræɡnet/ n.  1  a net drawn through a river or across ground to trap fish or game 拖网；捕猎网 2  a systematic hunt for criminals etc. (对待罪犯等的)法网，罗网

dragoman /ˈdræɡə(ʊ)mən/ n. (pl. dragomans or dragomen)  an interpreter or guide, esp. in countries speaking Arabic, Turkish, or Persian (尤指在讲阿拉伯语、土耳其语、波斯语国家里的)译员，导游 [French via Italian dragomano, medieval Greek dragomanos, Arabic tarjumɑˉn (from tarjama ‘interpret’), and Aramaic targēm from Assyrian targumɑˆnu ‘interpreter’]

dragon /ˈdræɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a mythical monster like a reptile, usu. with wings and claws and able to breathe out fire 龙(传说中具有翅膀和巨大脚爪，能从口中吐火的爬行类怪兽) 2  a fierce person, esp. a woman 严厉的人(尤指妇女) 3 (in full 全称 flying dragon)  = FLYING LIZARD  [Middle English via Old French and Latin draco -onis from Greek drakōn ‘serpent’]

dragonet /ˈdræɡ(ə)nit/ n.  any spiny marine fish of the family Callionymidae, the males of which are brightly coloured 鱼科中一种通常色彩艳丽的海生鱼 [Middle English from French, diminutive of DRAGON]

dragonfish /ˈdræɡ(ə)nfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any deep-water marine fish of the order Stomiiformes, having a long slender body and a barbel on the chin with luminous tissue, serving to attract prey 海蛾鱼(身体修长、颌上长须，有着发光组织以吸引捕食对象的海蛾鱼目深水海鱼)

dragonfly /ˈdræɡ(ə)nflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any of various predatory insects of the order Odonata, having a long slender body with two pairs of large transparent wings usu. spread while resting, and aquatic larvae 蜻蜓(蜻蜓目捕食性昆虫，通常静止时翅平展，幼体水生)

dragonnade /dræɡəˈneid/ n. & v. ●n.  a persecution by use of troops, esp. (in pl.) of French Protestants under Louis XIV by quartering dragoons on them (尤用复数，法王路易十四使用龙骑兵对新教徒的)武力迫害 ●v. tr.  subject to a dragonnade 遭受武力迫害 [French from dragon: see DRAGOON]

dragon's blood n.  a red gum that exudes from the fruit of some palms and the dragon tree 龙血树脂(采自棕榈树果实和龙血树的红色树脂)

dragon's teeth n. pl. Brit. colloq.  obstacles resembling teeth pointed upwards, used esp. against tanks [英口]龙牙；(似牙齿向上的)障碍物(尤用于对付坦克)

dragon tree n.  a palmlike tree, Dracaena draco of the agave family, native to the Canary Islands (一种像棕榈树的)龙血树(龙舌兰科乔木，原产于加那利群岛)

dragoon /drəˈɡu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cavalryman (originally a mounted infantryman armed with a carbine) 龙骑兵(原为佩带短筒马枪的骑马步兵) 2  a rough fierce man 粗野凶猛之徒 3  a variety of pigeon (一种善飞的)信鸽 ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 into)  coerce into doing something, esp. by use of forceful methods (尤指利用强硬措施)强制；强迫(做某事) 2  persecute, esp. with troops (尤指用军队进行)迫害 [originally = carbine (thought of as breathing fire) from French dragon DRAGON]

drag queen n. slang  a male homosexual transvestite [俚语]男性同性恋者的女性装扮癖

drag race  see 见 DRAG n. 9b 

dragster /ˈdræɡstə/ n.  a car built or modified to take part in drag races 改良型减重短程高速赛车

dragée /ˈdrɑ:ʒei/ n.  1  a sugar-coated almond etc. 糖衣杏仁 2  a small silver ball for decorating a cake (装饰蛋糕的)银色小糖珠 3  a chocolate-coated sweet 巧克力糖衣糖果 [French: see DREDGE2]

drail /dreil/ n.  a fish-hook and line weighted with lead for dragging below the surface of the water (加重而使鱼饵沉入水中的)加铅鱼钩 [apparently variant of TRAIL]

drain /drein/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  draw off liquid from, esp. 从…排出液体，尤指 :a  make (land etc.) dry by providing an outflow for moisture (使土地等)干涸b (of a river) carry off the superfluous water of (a district) (河)带走(某地区的)多余的水c  remove purulent matter from (an abscess) 为(脓肿)引流，使排浓 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away)  draw off (liquid) esp. by a pipe (尤指用管道)排出，放出，流出(液体) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 away, off, through)  flow or trickle away 流掉，滴完 4 intr. (of a wet cloth, piece of crockery, etc.) become dry as liquid flows away (湿布、陶器等)晒干；晾干  put it there to drain  把它放在那儿晾干 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  exhaust or deprive (a person or thing) of strength, resources, property, etc. 逐渐消耗(某人或某物)；耗尽(力量、资源、财富等) 6 tr.  a  drink (liquid) to the dregs (水或酒)喝干；喝光b  empty (a container) by drinking the contents 喝得(容器中)点滴不剩 ●n.  1  a  a channel, conduit, or pipe carrying off liquid, esp. an artificial conduit for water or sewage (尤指人工的)排水渠，下水道，阴沟b  a tube for drawing off the discharge from an abscess etc. (用于脓疱等的)排脓管，引流管 2  a constant outflow, withdrawal, or expenditure (不断的)外流；支付；枯竭  a great drain on my resources  极大地耗竭了我的财力 □ down the drain  colloq.  lost, wasted [口]失去；完蛋；化为乌有□ laugh like a drain  Brit.  laugh copiously; guffaw [英]大声笑，狂笑 [Old English drē(a)hnian, from Germanic]

drainage /ˈdreinidʒ/ n.  1  the process or means of draining 排水；排泄  the land has poor drainage  这土地排水性不良 2  a system of drains, artificial or natural 人工(或天然)排水系统 3  what is drained off, esp. sewage 排出物(尤指下水道污物)

drainboard /ˈdreinbɔ:d/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DRAINING BOARD 

draincock /ˈdreinkɒk/ n.  a cock for draining the water out of a boiler etc. (锅炉等的)放水龙头

drainer /ˈdreinə/ n.  1  a device for draining; anything on which things are put to drain, e.g. a draining board 排水装置；下水道装置；滤水器(如滴水板) 2  a person who drains 排水工

draining board n.  a sloping usu. grooved surface beside a sink, on which washed dishes etc. are left to drain (在洗涤槽旁放置洗刷后碟盘等的)滴水板(通常面有凹槽)

drainpipe /ˈdreinpaip/ n.  1  a pipe for carrying off water, sewage, etc., from a building (流水、污水等的)排水管 2 (作 attrib.) (of trousers etc.) very narrow (裤子等)窄腿的 3 (in pl. 用复数)  very narrow trousers 瘦腿紧身裤

drake /dreik/ n.  a male duck 公鸭，雄鸭 [Middle English, probably from West Germanic]

Dralon /ˈdreilɒn/ n. Brit. propr. [英] [商标]  1  a synthetic acrylic fibre used in textiles 特拉纶(用于纺织的丙烯酸合成纤维) 2  a fabric made from this 特拉纶织物 [suggested by NYLON]

dram /dræm/ n.  1  a small drink of spirits 少量的(烈)酒 2  = DRACHM  [Middle English from Old French drame or medieval Latin drama, dragma: cf. DRACHM]

drama /ˈdrɑ:mə/ n.  1  a play for acting on stage or for broadcasting (在舞台上演出或广播的)戏剧 2  a  the art of writing and presenting plays 戏剧文学；戏剧艺术，舞台艺术b  the art of acting 演戏 3  an exciting or emotional event, set of circumstances, etc. (一连串)戏剧性事件(或情景等) 4  dramatic quality 戏剧性  the drama of the situation  形势的戏剧性 [Late Latin from Greek drama -atos, from draō ‘do’]

drama-documentary n. (also 亦作 drama-doc slang [俚语])  a film (esp. for television) based on or dramatizing real events 纪实影片(尤指电视片)

dramatic /drəˈmætik/ adj.  1  of drama or the study of drama 戏剧的；戏剧学的 2 (of an event, circumstance, etc.) sudden and exciting or unexpected (事件、情况等)意外的；令人兴奋的；未预料到的 3  vividly striking 引人注目的 4 (of a gesture etc.) theatrical, overdone, absurd (姿势等)戏剧性的；夸张的；荒诞的 □ dramatically  adv.   [Late Latin dramaticus from Greek dramatikos (as DRAMA)]

dramatic irony n.  = TRAGIC IRONY 

dramatics /drəˈmætiks/ n. pl.  1 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  the production and performance of plays 演戏；表演 2  exaggerated or showy behaviour 戏剧性行为，做作

dramatis personae /ˌdræmətis pɜ:ˈsəʊnai, -ni:/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  the characters in a play 剧中人物 2  a list of these 剧中人物表，演员表 [Latin, = persons of the drama]

dramatist /ˈdræmətist/ n.  a writer of dramas 剧作家

dramatize /ˈdræmətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  adapt (a novel etc.) to form a stage play (把小说等)改编成剧本b intr.  admit of such adaptation 适于改编成剧本 2 tr.  make a drama or dramatic scene of 使戏剧化；用戏剧形式表现 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  express or react to in a dramatic way 戏剧方式描述 □ dramatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dramaturge /ˈdræmətɜ:dʒ/ n.  1  a specialist in theatrical production 剧本作者 2  a dramatist 剧作家；编剧 [French from Greek dramatourgos (as DRAMA, -ergos ‘worker’)]

dramaturgy /ˈdræmətɜ:dʒi/ n.  1  the art of theatrical production; the theory of dramatics 编剧艺术(或技巧；) 戏剧艺术理论 2  the application of this 演出艺术 □ dramaturgic  /-ˈtɜ:dʒik/ adj.  □ dramaturgical  /-ˈtɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

Drambuie /dræmˈbu:i, -ˈbjʊi/ n. propr.  a Scotch whisky liqueur [商标]苏格兰威士忌利口酒 [Gaelic dram buidheach ‘satisfying drink’]

drank past  of DRINK  

drape /dreip/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  hang, cover loosely, or adorn with cloth etc. (用布等)悬挂(或覆盖在…之上)；装饰 2  arrange (clothes or hangings) carefully in folds (在衣服、帷幔上)饰以优美的褶裥 ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a curtain or drapery (窗)帘；帷帐 2  a piece of drapery 一块帷幔 3  the way in which a garment or fabric hangs 衣服(织物)的下垂式样 [Middle English via Old French draper, from drap, from Late Latin drappus ‘cloth’]

draper /ˈdreipə/ n. Brit.  a retailer of textile fabrics [英]衣料织品零售商；布料商 [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French drapier (as DRAPE)]

drapery /ˈdreip(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  clothing or hangings arranged in folds 有褶裥的布料(或幔帐) 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a curtain or hanging 窗帘；幔帐 3 Brit.  cloth; textile fabrics [英]布(匹；) 纺织品 4 Brit.  the trade of a draper [英]布业，纺织品零售业 5  the arrangement of clothing in sculpture or painting (用在雕塑或绘画上的)打褶的装饰织物 [Middle English from Old French draperie, from drap ‘cloth’]

drastic /ˈdræstik, ˈdrɑ:-/ adj.  having a strong or far-reaching effect; severe 激烈的；猛烈的；严厉的 □ drastically  adv.   [Greek drastikos from draō ‘do’]

drat /dræt/ v. & int. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (dratted, dratting) (usu. as an exclamation 通常作感叹)  curse, confound 咀咒，咒骂；讨厌  drat the thing!  讨厌！见鬼！ ●int.  expressing anger or annoyance (表示愤怒或烦恼)见鬼 □ dratted  adj.   [for 'od (= God) rot]

draught /drɑ:ft/ n. & v. (US [美] draft) ●n.  1  a current of air in a confined space (e.g. a room or chimney) (如房间、烟囱处的)通风气流 2  pulling, traction 拖，拉；牵引 3 Naut.  the depth of water needed to float a ship 【海】(船的)吃水深度 4  the drawing of liquor from a cask etc. (木桶等中液体的)舀出；汲取 5  a  a single act of drinking 一饮b  the amount drunk in this 一饮的量c  a dose of liquid medicine (药水等的)一服；一次的服用量 6 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常用作单数) Brit.  a game for two played with twelve pieces each on a draughtboard [英] (两人各拥有 12 个棋子的)西洋跳棋，国际跳棋 7  a  the drawing in of a fishing net 收渔网，拉网b  the fish taken at one drawing 一网的捕获量 ●v. tr.  = DRAFT  □ feel the draught  colloq.  suffer from adverse (usu. financial) conditions [口]拮据，陷入(尤指财务上的)困境 [Middle English draht from Old Norse drahtr, drɑˊttr, from Germanic, related to DRAW]

draught beer n.  beer drawn from a cask, not bottled 生啤酒；扎啤

draughtboard /ˈdrɑ:f(t)bɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a chequered board, identical to a chessboard, used in draughts [英]国际(西洋)跳棋盘

draught horse n.  a horse used for pulling heavy loads, esp. a cart or plough (尤指拉车、拉犁的)挽马，役马

draught-proof adj. & v. ●adj.  proof against draughts 气流屏蔽的 ●v. tr.  make draught-proof 作气流屏蔽

draughtsman /ˈdrɑ:f (t) smən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who makes drawings, plans, or sketches 起草人 2  a piece in the game of draughts 国际跳棋的棋子 3  = DRAFTSMAN 1  □ draughtsmanship  n.   [draught's + MAN]

draughty /ˈdrɑ:fti/ adj. (US [美] drafty) (-ier, -iest) (of a room etc.) letting in sharp currents of air (房间等)有穿堂风的；通风的 □ draughtily  adv.  □ draughtiness  n.  

Dravidian /drəˈvidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a dark-skinned aboriginal people of S. India and Sri Lanka (including the Tamils and Kanarese) (住在印度南部或斯里兰卡的皮肤黝黑的)达罗毗荼族(包括泰米尔人和卡纳拉人) 2  any of the group of languages spoken by this people 达罗毗荼诸语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or group of languages (有关)达罗毗荼人的； (有关)达罗毗荼诸语的 [Sanskrit Dravida, a province of S. India]

draw /drɔ:/ v. & n. ●v. (past drew /dru:/; past part. drawn /drɔ:n/)  1 tr.  pull or cause to move towards or after one 拖，拉，曳 2 tr.  pull (a thing) up, over, or across (把一物)拔出；抽出；取出 3 tr.  pull (curtains etc.) open or shut 拉开，放下(窗帘等) 4 tr.  take (a person) aside, esp. to talk to 把(人)引到一旁(尤指谈话) 5 tr.  attract; bring to oneself or to something; take in 吸引；使某人把注意力放在某事上；吸入  drew a deep breath  深深地吸了一口气 I felt drawn to her  我觉得被她吸引住了 drew my attention to the matter  我关注此事 draw him into conversation  把他引入谈话 the match drew large crowds  比赛吸引了大群的人 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, on)  suck smoke from (a cigarette, pipe, etc.) 吸(烟、烟斗等) 7 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  take out; remove (e.g. a tooth, a gun from a holster, etc.) 拿出，除去(如拔牙；把枪拔出枪套等) 8 tr.  obtain or take from a source (从某来源处)获得，拿取  draw a salary  取工资 draw inspiration  获得灵感 drew £ 100 from my account  从我的户头上取出 100 英镑 9 tr.  trace (a line, mark, furrow, or figure) 描，勾，刻画(线、记号、沟或图形) 10  a tr.  produce (a picture) by tracing lines and marks 划线勾，描绘(轮廓图)b tr.  represent (a thing) by this means 线描(某物)c absol. [含宾]  make a drawing 作画 11 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  finish (a contest or game) with neither side winning 使(比赛或游戏)成平局 12 intr.  make one's or its way, proceed, move, come 移动；行进；来临；走近  drew near the bridge  慢慢靠近桥 draw to a close  慢慢结束 the second horse drew level  第二匹马已经赶上 drew ahead of the field  在全部马中领先 the time draws near  时间即将来临 13 tr.  infer, deduce (a conclusion) 推断，推论；演绎(一个结论) 14 tr.  a  elicit, evoke 引出；招致  draw criticism  招来批评 draw ruin upon oneself  使自己遭到毁灭b  bring about, entail 引起；使承担c  induce (a person) to reveal facts, feelings, or talent 诱使(某人)说出真相(情感；) 使展示才能  refused to be drawn  拒绝透露d (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  induce (a person) to do something 诱使(某人)作某事e Cards  cause to be played 【牌戏】使(牌)被打出；吊(牌)  drew all the trumps  吊王牌 15 tr.  haul up (water) from a well 从井中打(水) 16 tr.  bring out (liquid from a container or blood from a wound) (从容器中)抽出(液体；) 使(伤口处)流出(血) 17 tr.  extract a liquid essence from 从…汲取液态精华 18 intr. (of a chimney or pipe) promote or allow a draught (烟囱、烟斗等)通畅；通风 19 intr. (of tea) infuse (茶)被泡开 20  a tr.  obtain by lot 抽彩得奖  drew the winner  抽签决定获胜者b absol. [含宾]  draw lots 抽签(决定) 21 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  make a demand on a person, a person's skill, memory, imagination, etc. 要求，需要(人的技能、记忆、想像力等) 22 tr.  write out (a bill, cheque, or draft) 开出(账单、支票、汇票)  drew a cheque on the bank  开了一张银行支票 23 tr.  frame (a document) in due form, compose 按正确方式写出(某文件；) 拟定 24 tr.  formulate or perceive (a comparison or distinction) 阐明(或觉察到) (异同、区别) 25 tr. (of a ship) require (a specified depth of water) to float in (船只)吃水(规定深度) 26 tr.  disembowel 除去…的内脏  hang, draw, and quarter  宰杀，去内脏，再肢解 draw the fowl before cooking it  煮前将家禽开膛去内脏 27 tr. Hunting  search (cover) for game 【狩猎】逼出(隐蔽处；) 搜寻猎物 28 tr.  drag (a badger or fox) from a hole 引(獾、狐)出洞 29 tr.  a  protract, stretch, elongate 使延伸；伸展；把…拉长  long-drawn agony  没完没了的痛苦b  make (wire) by pulling a piece of metal through successively smaller holes 拉制；拉拔(金属丝) 30 tr.  a Golf  drive (the ball) to the left (or, of a left-handed player, the right) esp. purposely 【高尔夫球】(尤指有意)使(球)向左方(或左手运动员的右方)旋转b Bowls  cause (a bowl) to travel in a curve to the desired point 【球戏】使(滚球)曲线移动以到达所需位置 31 intr. (of a sail) swell tightly in the wind (帆)吃饱风 ●n.  1  an act of drawing 拉；拖；提取；吸；吃水；抽；拔；拔出；拉制；轧制 2  a  a person or thing that draws custom, attention, etc. 吸引顾客(或注意力等)的人(或物)b  the power to attract attention 吸引力 3  the drawing of lots, esp. a raffle (尤指对奖售物中)摸彩抽奖 4  a drawn game 平局 5  a suck on a cigarette etc. 吸一口(香烟等) 6  the act of removing a gun from its holster in order to shoot 拔枪(射击)动作  quick on the draw  出手拔枪快 7  strain, pull 拉紧；拉 8 US  the movable part of a drawbridge [美]吊桥的开合部分 □ draw back   withdraw from an undertaking 撤退；撤回；撤销□ draw a bead on   see 见 BEAD □ draw bit  Brit. [英]  = draw rein (see 见 REIN) □ draw a blank   see 见 BLANK □ draw bridle  Brit. [英]  = draw rein (see 见 REIN) □ draw a person's fire   attract hostility, criticism, etc., away from a more important target 招致敌意(批评等)□ draw in   1  a (of successive days) become shorter because of the changing seasons (由于季节变化白昼)渐短b (of a day) approach its end (白天)黑下来，渐近黄昏c (of successive evenings or nights) start earlier because of the changing seasons (由于季节变化黄昏和黑夜)渐长 2  persuade to join, entice 引诱加入；诱至 3 (of a train etc.) arrive at a station (火车等)到站□ draw in one's horns   become less assertive or ambitious; draw back 收敛傲气(或野心)；缩回□ draw the line at   set a limit (of tolerance etc.) at 划定(忍耐等的)最后界限□ draw lots   see 见 LOT □ draw off   withdraw (troops) 撤离(军队)□ draw on   1  approach, come near 来临；临近 2  lead to, bring about 导致，带来 3  allure 诱惑，引诱 4  put (gloves, boots, etc.) on 戴上(手套；) 穿上(靴子等)□ draw out   1  prolong 延长，拖延 2  elicit 得出，引出 3  induce to talk 诱导说话 4 (of successive days) become longer because of the changing seasons (由于季节变化白昼日渐)变长 5 (of a train etc.) leave a station etc. (火车等)开出(车站等) 6  write out in proper form 以适当形式写出 7  lead out, detach, or array (troops) 开始；派遣；部署(部队)□ draw rein   see 见 REIN □ draw the short straw   see 见 STRAW □ draw stumps  Cricket  take the stumps out of the ground at the close of play 【板球】比赛结束□ draw one's sword against   attack 攻击□ draw up   1  compose or draft (a document etc.) (文件等)拟定；制定；起草 2  bring or come into regular order 整容；整队；整顿 3  come to a halt 停住 4  make (oneself) stiffly erect 使(自己)直立 5 (foll. by 后跟 with, to)  gain on or overtake 赶上；超过□ quick on the draw   quick to act or react 行动迅速；反应敏捷 [Old English dragan, from Germanic]

drawback /ˈdrɔ:bæk/ n.  1  a thing that impairs satisfaction; a disadvantage 缺陷；不利；劣势 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  a deduction 扣除 3  an amount of excise or import duty paid back or remitted on goods exported 退款，退税

drawback lock n.  a lock with a spring bolt that can be drawn back by an inside knob (弹簧锁的)内开锁

drawbridge /ˈdrɔ:bridʒ/ n.  a bridge, esp. over water, hinged at one end so that it may be raised to prevent passage or to allow ships etc. to pass (尤指水面上的)吊桥；(允许船等通行的)开合桥

drawcord /ˈdrɔ:kɔ:d/ n.  a cord on clothing etc. that can be drawn up tight (服装上用来抽紧的)束带，拉绳

drawdown /ˈdrɔ:dəʊn/ n.  an act of raising money through loans; borrowing 通过贷款筹措金钱；借款

drawee /drɔ:(r)ˈi:/ n.  the person on whom a draft or bill is drawn (汇票的)受票人；(票据的)付款人

drawer n.  1 /ˈdrɔ:(r)ə/  a person or thing that draws, esp. a person who draws a cheque etc. 制图人(工具；) (尤指支票等的)出票人；开票人 2 /drɔ:/  a boxlike storage compartment without a lid, sliding in and out of a frame, table, etc. (机架、桌子等的)抽屉  chest of drawers  五斗橱 3 (in pl. 用复数 : /drɔ:z/) archaic or joc.  knickers or underpants [古义] [诙]女短裤；男衬裤 □ drawerful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

drawing /ˈdrɔ:(r)iŋ/ n.  1  a  the art of representing by line 线描，制图b  delineation without colour or with a single colour 素描c  the art of representing with pencils, pens, crayons, etc., rather than paint (用铅笔、钢笔、蜡笔等的)素描术 2  a picture produced in this way 素描画 □ out of drawing   incorrectly depicted 画得不准确的；不协调的

drawing board n.  a board for spreading drawing paper on 画板 □ back to the drawing board   back to begin afresh (after the failure of an enterprise) (计划失败后)重起炉灶；从头再搞

drawing paper n.  usu. thick paper for drawing pictures etc. on 图画纸，绘图纸(通常较厚，可在上画图等)

drawing pin n. Brit.  a flat-headed pin for fastening paper etc. (originally drawing paper) to a surface [英] (原为固定图画纸等的)图钉

drawing room n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  a room for comfortable sitting or entertaining in a private house 客厅，起居室 2 (作 attrib.)  restrained; observing social proprieties 上流社会(的)  drawing-room conversation  上流社会的谈话 3 US  a private compartment in a train [美] (火车车厢里的)特等卧室 4 hist.  a levee, a formal reception esp. at court [史义] (尤指宫廷内的)正式接见 [earlier withdrawing room, because originally used for women to withdraw to after dinner]

drawl /drɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  speak with drawn-out vowel sounds 拉长声音说 2 tr.  utter in this way 慢吞吞地说 ●n.  a drawling utterance or way of speaking 拉长声调说出的话；慢吞吞(地)拉长调子的说话方式 □ drawler  n.   [16th c.: probably originally slang, from Low German, Dutch dralen ‘delay, linger’]

drawn /drɔ:n/ past part. of DRAW; adj.  1  looking strained from fear, anxiety, or pain (由于惧怕、忧虑或疼痛)看起来紧张的 2 (of butter) melted (黄油)融化的 3 (of a position in chess etc.) that will result in a draw if both players make the best moves available (下棋等的形势)不分胜负的

drawn-out adj.  = LONG-DRAWN 

drawn work n. (also 亦作 drawn-thread-work)  ornamental work on linen etc., done by drawing out threads, usu. with additional needlework (在亚麻布等上的)抽花刺绣；抽绣(通常额外带编结)

draw-sheet n.  a sheet that can be taken from under a patient without remaking the bed (医院病人身下的)抽单，垫单

drawstring /ˈdrɔ:striŋ/ n.  a string that can be pulled to tighten the mouth of a bag, the waist of a garment, etc. (装于袋口、衣服腰部等处的)束带；拉绳

draw-well n.  a deep well with a rope and a bucket (备有绳索和水桶的)深井，吊桶井

dray1 /drei/ n.  1  a low cart without sides for heavy loads, esp. beer barrels (尤指装啤酒桶的无围边)板车，大车 2 Austral. & NZ  a two-wheeled cart [澳新]两轮拉车 [Middle English from Old English drœge ‘dragnet’, related to dragan DRAW]

dray2 var.  of DREY  DREY 的变体

dray horse n.  a large, powerful horse (拖载重马车的)挽马

drayman /ˈdreimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a brewer's driver (运送啤酒的)平板车夫

dread /dred/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 that, or to + infin.)  fear greatly 畏惧；恐惧 2  shrink from; look forward to with great apprehension 畏缩；敬畏 3  be in great fear of 害怕 ●n.  1  great fear, apprehension, awe 害怕；恐惧；敬畏 2  an object of fear or awe 可怕的事情；令人生畏的对象 ●adj.  1  dreaded 可怕的 2 archaic  awe-inspiring, revered [古义]敬畏的，崇敬的 [Old English ɑˉdrœˉdan, ondrœˉdan]

dreaded /ˈdredid/ adj.  1  regarded with fear, apprehension, or awe 畏惧的；恐惧的；敬畏的 2 colloq.  regarded with mock fear [口]假敬畏的

dreadful /ˈdredfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  terrible; inspiring fear or awe 可怕的；令人惧怕(或敬畏)的 2 colloq.  troublesome, disagreeable; very bad [口]讨厌的；极不合意的；糟透了的 □ dreadfully  adv.  □ dreadfulness  n.  

dreadlocks /ˈdredlɒks/ n. pl.  1  a Rastafarian hairstyle in which the hair is twisted into tight braids or ringlets hanging down on all sides “骇人”长发式，拉斯特法里发式(把头发编成辫子和小环挂满一头) 2  hair dressed in this way “骇人”长发绺 □ dreadlocked  adj.  

dreadnought /ˈdrednɔ:t/ n.  1 (usu. 通常为 Dreadnought) hist.  a type of battleship greatly superior in armament to all its predecessors (from the name of the first, launched in 1906) [史义]无畏(级战)舰(取自英国 1906 年建成的第一艘战舰名) 2 archaic  a fearless person [古义]大无畏的人 3 archaic [古义]  a  a thick coat for stormy weather 厚呢大衣b  the cloth used for such coats 厚大衣呢

dream /dri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a series of pictures or events in the mind of a sleeping person 梦到的事；梦b  the act or time of seeing this 做梦c (in full 全称 waking dream)  a similar experience of one awake 梦想 2  a daydream or fantasy 白日梦，空想 3  an ideal, aspiration, or ambition, esp. of a nation (尤指一个国家的)理想，愿望；夙愿 4  a beautiful or ideal person or thing 梦一般美妙(或理想)的人(或事) 5  a state of mind without proper perception of reality 梦想；幻想  goes about in a dream  梦幻 ●v. (past and past part. dreamed /dremt, dri:md/ or dreamt /dremt/)  1 intr.  experience a dream 做梦 2 tr.  imagine in or as if in a dream 梦想 3 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  contemplate the possibility of, have any conception or intention of 想到；料想；考虑  would not dream of upsetting them  做梦都没想到会麻烦他们b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  think of as a possibility 认为有可能性  never dreamt that he would come  决没想到他会来 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  spend (time) unprofitably 迷迷糊糊地度过(时间) 5 intr.  be inactive or unpractical 不起作用，不切实际 6 intr.  fall into a reverie 陷入幻想 □ dream up   imagine, invent 想像；虚构出□ like a dream  colloq.  easily, effortlessly [口]容易地；不费气力地□ dreamful  adj.  □ dreamless  adj.  □ dreamlike  adj.   [Middle English from Old English drēam ‘joy, music’]

dreamboat /ˈdri:mbəʊt/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a very attractive or ideal person, esp. of the opposite sex (尤指对异性)有吸引力(理想)的人；梦中情人 2  a very desirable or ideal thing 理想目标(事物)

dreamer /ˈdri:mə/ n.  1  a person who dreams 做梦的人 2  a romantic or unpractical person 梦想家；空想家

dreamland /ˈdri:mlænd/ n.  an ideal or imaginary land 理想世界；梦境

dreamscape /ˈdri:mskeip/ n.  a dreamed or dreamlike landscape or scene 幻景；如梦景色 [DREAM + -SCAPE]

dream ticket n.  an ideal pair of candidates standing together for esp. political office (尤指竞选的)梦幻搭档，最佳竞选拍档

dreamtime /ˈdri:mtaim/ n. Austral.  the alcheringa [澳]黄金时代

dream-world n.  a state of mind distanced from reality 梦幻状态

dreamy /ˈdri:mi/ adj. (dreamier, dreamiest)  1  given to daydreaming; fanciful; unpractical 幻想的；空想的；不切实际的 2  dreamlike; vague; misty 似在梦中的；模糊的；朦胧不清的；  3 colloq.  delightful; marvellous [口]极愉快的；绝妙的 4 poet.  full of dreams [诗]充满梦想的 □ dreamily  adv.  □ dreaminess  n.  

drear /driə/ adj. poet. [诗]  = DREARY  [abbreviation]

dreary /ˈdriəri/ adj. (drearier, dreariest)  dismal, dull, gloomy 令人沮丧的；沉闷的；忧虑的 □ drearily  adv.  □ dreariness  n.   [Old English drēorig from drēor ‘gore’: related to drēosan ‘to drop’, from Germanic]

dredge1 /dredʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  bring up (lost or hidden material) as if with a dredge 捞取，挖取(丢失或隐藏的东西)  don't dredge all that up again  不要再捞取那些东西了b (often foll. by 常后跟 away, up, out)  bring up or clear (mud etc.) from a river, harbour, etc. with a dredge (用挖掘机、挖泥船从河流、港口等)采挖，挖掘(淤泥等) 2 tr.  clean (a harbour, river, etc.) with a dredge (用挖掘机、挖泥船)疏浚(港口、河流等) 3 intr.  use a dredge 使用挖掘机疏浚 ●n.  an apparatus used to scoop up objects or to clear mud etc. from a river or seabed (从河流、海底清淤等的)挖泥机；挖泥船 [15th-c. Scots dreg, perhaps related to Middle Dutch dregghe]

dredge2 /dredʒ/ v. tr.  1  sprinkle with flour, sugar, etc. (以面粉、食糖等)喷撒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  sprinkle (flour, sugar, etc.) on 在…上撒(面粉、食糖等) [obsolete dredge ‘sweetmeat’ from Old French dragie, dragee, perhaps via Latin tragemata from Greek tragēmata ‘spices’]

dredger1 /ˈdredʒə/ n.  1  a machine used for dredging rivers etc.; a dredge (疏浚河流等的)挖泥器械；挖泥机 2  a boat containing this 挖泥船

dredger2 /ˈdredʒə/ n.  a container with a perforated lid used for sprinkling flour, sugar, etc. 撒粉器(盖子上有小孔，用于喷撒面粉、食糖等的容器)

dree /dri:/ v. tr. (drees, dreed, dreeing) Sc. or archaic  endure [苏格兰] [古义]忍耐，忍受 □ dree one's weird   submit to one's destiny 认命 [Old English drēogan, from Germanic]

dreg /dreɡ/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a sediment; grounds, lees, etc. 沉淀(物；) 渣滓(残渣等)b  a worthless part; refuse 无用之物；垃圾  the dregs of humanity  人类渣滓 2  a small remnant 少量剩余(物)  not a dreg  丝毫不剩 □ drain (or drink) to the dregs   consume leaving nothing 喝干  drained life to the dregs  耗尽生命□ dreggy  adj. colloq. [口]   [Middle English, probably from Old Norse dreggjar]

drench /dren(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  wet thoroughly 使湿透  was drenched by the rain  被雨水淋透b  saturate; soak (in liquid) 浸湿；浸泡在(液体中) 2  force (an animal) to take medicine 给(牲畜)灌药 3 archaic  cause to drink [古义]迫使…饮 ●n.  1  a soaking; a downpour 浸泡，湿透；倾盆大雨 2  medicine administered to an animal 兽用药 3 archaic  a medicinal or poisonous draught [古义] (有毒)药水 [Old English drencan, drenc from Germanic: related to DRINK]

Dresden china /ˈdrezd(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Dresden porcelain)  1  delicate and elaborate chinaware originally made at Dresden in Germany, now made at nearby Meissen (德国)德累斯顿细瓷器(现产地在迈森附近) 2 (作 attrib.)  delicately pretty 精致漂亮(的)

dress /dres/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  clothe; array 给…穿衣；替…打扮  dressed in rags  衣着褴褛 dressed her quickly  很快给她打扮上b intr.  wear clothes of a specified kind or in a specified way 穿衣，打扮  dresses well  穿着入时 2 intr.  a  put on clothes 穿衣服b  put on formal or evening clothes, esp. for dinner (尤指为晚宴)穿上礼服 3 tr.  decorate or adorn 修饰；装饰 4 tr. Med. 【医】  a  treat (a wound) with ointment etc. 给(伤口)敷(药膏、药剂等)b  apply a dressing to (a wound) 给(伤口)包扎 5 tr.  trim, comb, brush, or smooth (the hair) 修剪；梳理；平整(头发) 6 tr.  a  clean and prepare (poultry, a crab, etc.) for cooking or eating (食用前给家禽、螃蟹等)加工b  add a dressing to (a salad etc.) 给(沙拉等)添加调味品 7 tr.  apply manure etc. to a field, garden, etc. 给(土地、园地等)施肥(粪肥等) 8 tr.  finish the surface of (fabric, building stone, etc.) 给(织物、建筑用石等)修琢；润饰；加工 9 tr.  groom (a horse) 梳刷(马匹) 10 tr.  curry (leather etc.) 制(革), 鞣(皮等) 11 Mil. 【军】  a tr.  correct the alignment of (troops etc.) 整队，使(部队等)排列整齐b intr. (of troops) come into alignment (部队)整列 12 tr.  make (an artificial fly) for use in fishing (钓鱼时)装好(人造钓饵) ●n.  1  a one-piece woman's garment consisting of a bodice and skirt 连衣裙，套裙 2  clothing, esp. a whole outfit etc. 服装(尤指套装等)  fussy about his dress  他对服饰很挑剔 wore the dress of a highlander  身着高地人服装 3  formal or ceremonial attire 正式(或节日)服装；礼服  evening dress  晚礼服 morning dress  晨礼服 4  an external covering; the outward form 外部覆盖物；外观  birds in their winter dress  换上冬羽的鸟 □ dress down  colloq. [口]  1  reprimand or scold 指责，斥责 2  dress informally 穿着随便□ dress out   attire conspicuously 穿戴引人注意□ dress up   1  dress (oneself or another) elaborately for a special occasion 精心打扮(自己或他人) 2  dress in fancy dress 穿着花哨 3  disguise (unwelcome facts) by embellishment 添枝加叶地修饰(不受欢迎的事实) [Middle English from Old French dresser, ultimately from Latin directus DIRECT]

dressage /ˈdresɑ:ʒ, -ɑ:dʒ/ n.  the training of a horse in obedience and deportment, esp. for competition (尤以比赛为目的的)花式骑术训练 [French from dresser ‘to train’]

dress circle n.  the first gallery in a theatre, in which evening dress was formerly required (旧时剧院里只供给穿晚礼服观众的)第一层楼厅前排座位

dress coat n.  a man's swallow-tailed evening coat 燕尾服(一种男用晚礼服)

dresser1 /ˈdresə/ n.  1  a kitchen sideboard with shelves above for displaying plates etc. (有搁板可放置碟、盘等的)碗柜 2 N. Amer.  a dressing table or chest of drawers [北美]梳妆台；五斗橱 [Middle English from Old French dresseur, from dresser ‘prepare’]

dresser2 /ˈdresə/ n.  1  a person who assists actors to dress, takes care of their costumes, etc. (剧团照料演员服装等的)服装师 2 Brit. Med. [英]【医】  a surgeon's assistant in operations 外科医生助手 3  a person who dresses elegantly or in a specified way 穿着讲究者  a snappy dresser  穿着时髦者

dressing /ˈdresiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of DRESS v. [用于 DRESS 的动词释义]  2  a  a sauce for salads, esp. a mixture of oil, vinegar, etc. (拌制色拉用的)调料(尤指用油、醋混合而成)  French dressing  法国色拉调料b N. Amer.  stuffing [北美]填塞料 3  a  a bandage for a wound 绷带b  ointment etc. used to dress a wound 药膏(药剂等) 4  size or stiffening used to finish fabrics (用于处理织物的)浆料 5  compost etc. spread over land (对土地施用的)堆肥(混合肥等)  a top dressing of peat  用泥炭作堆肥

dressing case n.  a case containing toiletries etc. (放置化妆品等的)化妆盒，梳妆盒

dressing down n. colloq.  a scolding; a severe reprimand [口]狠狠的训斥；痛加申斥

dressing gown n.  a loose usu. belted robe worn over nightwear or while resting (休息时穿的或罩在睡衣上的一种宽松的、通常有带的)晨衣

dressing room n.  1  a room for changing the clothes etc. in a theatre, sports ground, etc. (在剧院、体育场等换衣服等的)更衣室 2  a small room attached to a bedroom, containing clothes 贮衣室

dressing station n.  a place for giving emergency treatment to wounded people 紧急包扎所

dressing table n.  a table with a mirror, drawers, etc., used while applying make-up etc. (有镜子、抽屉等的)化妆台，梳妆台

dress length n.  a piece of material sufficient to make a dress 一段衣料

dressmaker /ˈdresmeikə/ n. Brit.  a person, esp. a woman, who makes clothes professionally [英] (尤指女)裁缝 □ dressmaking  n.  

dress parade n.  1 Mil.  a military parade in full dress uniform 【军】阅兵典礼 2  a display of clothes worn by models 时装表演

dress rehearsal n.  the final rehearsal of a play etc., wearing costume (戏剧等的)彩排

dress shield n. (also 亦作 dress preserver)  a piece of waterproof material fastened in the armpit of a dress to protect it from sweat (服装腋下的)护衣汗垫

dress shirt n.  1  a man's usu. starched white shirt worn with evening dress (男子通常穿晚礼服时所着的上浆)礼服衬衫 2 US  any man's long-sleeved shirt, usu. worn with a tie [美] (男子通常系领带所穿的)长袖白衬衫

dressy /ˈdresi/ adj. (dressier, dressiest)  1  a  fond of smart clothes 衣着考究的b  overdressed (穿着等)过于讲究的c (of clothes) stylish or elaborate (服装)时髦的；精致的 2  over-elaborate 过分精细的  the design is rather dressy  设计相当考究 □ dressiness  n.  

drew past  of DRAW  

drey /drei/ n. (also 亦作 dray)  a squirrel's nest 松鼠窝 [17th c.: origin unknown]

dribble /ˈdrib(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  allow saliva to flow from the mouth 流口水 2 intr. & tr.  flow or allow to flow in drops or a trickling stream 一点一滴地流，涓涓细流 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (esp. in football and hockey) move (the ball) forward with slight touches of the feet, the stick, etc., or (in basketball etc.) by continuous bouncing (尤指足球、曲棍球运动中用脚或球棍等)运(球)；(蓝球等)带球，盘球 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of dribbling 小滴；细流 2  a small trickling stream 涓涓细流 □ dribbler  n.  □ dribbly  adj.   [frequentative of obsolete drib, variant of DRIP]

driblet /ˈdriblit/ n.  1  a  a small quantity 微量b  a petty sum 少许 2  a thin stream; a dribble 细流；点滴 [drib (see DRIBBLE) + -LET]

dribs and drabs /dribz(ə)n ˈdræbz/ n. pl. colloq.  small scattered amounts [口]点点滴滴；少量  did the work in dribs and drabs  断断续续地干活 [as DRIBBLE + drab ‘reduplication’]

dried past and past part.  of DRY 

drier1 compar.  of DRY  

drier2 var.  of DRYER  DRYER 的变体

driest superl.  of DRY  

drift /drift/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  slow movement or variation 缓慢地移动(或变动)b  such movement caused by a slow current 漂流，飘游 2  the intention, meaning, scope, etc. of what is said etc. (所说等的)意义，含义(主旨等)  didn't understand his drift  不明白他话里的含义 3  a large mass of snow, sand, etc., accumulated by the wind 吹积物(被风扬起而堆积的大量雪、沙等) 4 esp. derog.  a state of inaction [尤贬]迟钝状态 5  a Naut.  a ship's deviation from its course, due to currents 【海】(由于水流)船只偏离航线b Aeron.  an aircraft's deviation due to side winds 【空】(由于侧面风飞机)偏航c  a projectile's deviation due to its rotation (抛射体由于旋转而产生的)偏差d  a controlled slide of a racing car etc. (赛车等的)滑移 6 Mining  a horizontal passage following a mineral vein 【采矿学】(水)平巷(道) 7  a large mass of esp. flowering plants 大丛的(尤指开花)植物  a drift of bluebells  一片圆叶风铃草 8 Geol. 【地质】  a  material deposited by the wind, a current of water, etc. (由风、水流等引起的)吹积物；堆积物；漂聚物b (Drift)  Pleistocene ice detritus, e.g. boulder clay (更新世冰川的)冰碛(如冰砾土) 9 Brit. hist.  the movement of cattle, esp. a gathering in a forest on an appointed day to determine ownership etc. [英史义] (尤指林中)赶拢牲口(一种决定所有权等的做法) 10  a tool for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal 冲头；圆凿；穿孔器 11 S. Afr.  a ford [南非]浅滩 ●v.  1 intr.  be carried by or as if by a current of air or water 漂流；飘 2 intr.  move or progress passively, casually, or aimlessly (被动、随意、无目的地)移动  drifted into teaching  无意间从事了教学 3  a tr. & intr.  pile or be piled by the wind into drifts (被)吹聚；(被)漂聚b tr.  cover (a field, a road, etc.) with drifts 由漂移物覆盖(田野、道路等) 4 tr.  form or enlarge (a hole) with a drift 穿(孔)；打(眼)；扩(洞) 5 tr. (of a current) carry (水流)使漂流；使飘游 □ driftage  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse & Middle Dutch, Middle High German trift ‘movement of cattle’: related to DRIVE]

drifter /ˈdriftə/ n.  1  an aimless or rootless person 漂泊者，流浪者 2  a boat used for drift-net fishing 漂网(或流网)渔船

drift-ice n.  ice driven or deposited by water 浮冰，流冰

drift-net n.  a large net for herrings etc., allowed to drift with the tide (尤指用以捕鲱鱼等的)流网；漂网 □ drift-netter  n.  □ drift-netting  n.  

driftwood /ˈdriftwʊd/ n.  wood etc. driven or deposited by water or wind 飘流木(流送材等)

drill1 /dril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pointed, esp. revolving, steel tool or machine used for boring cylindrical holes, sinking wells, etc. (尤指旋转的)钻头(用于钻圆柱形孔、沉井等)b  a dentist's rotary tool for cutting away part of a tooth etc. (去掉部分牙等的)牙钻 2  a esp. Mil. (尤)【军】  instruction or training in military exercises 军事训练，操练b  rigorous discipline or methodical instruction, esp. when learning or performing tasks (尤指学习或执行任务时的)严峻的纪律，系统操练方法c  routine procedure to be followed in an emergency (在应急中需遵循的)正确的规定程序，正确方法；常规  fire drill  消防演习d  a routine or exercise 日常操练  drills in irregular verb patterns  不规则动词形式的练习 3 colloq.  a recognized procedure [口]惯常的程序  I expect you know the drill  我认为你知道这个常规 4  any of various molluscs, esp. Urosalpinx cinerea, that bore into the shells of young oysters (尤指寄生于幼牡蛎壳内的)尾角螺 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a (of a person or a tool) make a hole with a drill through or into (wood, metal, etc.) (由人或用工具)打眼；钻(木材、金属等)孔b  make (a hole) with a drill 用钻打(孔) 2 tr. & intr. esp. Mil.  subject to or undergo discipline by drill (尤)【军】操练；训练 3 tr.  impart (knowledge etc.) by a strict method (通过严格的方法)传授(知识等) 4 tr. slang  shoot with a gun [俚语]用枪射击  drilled him full of holes  在他身上留下了许多枪眼 □ driller  n.   [earlier as verb, from Middle Dutch drillen ‘bore’, of unknown origin]

drill2 /dril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a machine used for making furrows, sowing, and covering seed 条播机 2  a small furrow for sowing seed in 条播沟 3  a ridge with such furrows on top 顶上有条沟的山脊 4  a row of plants so sown 排条播作物 ●v. tr.  1  sow (seed) with a drill 条播(种子) 2  plant (the ground) in drills 在(土地)上条播 [18th c., of unknown origin: perhaps from DRILL1]

drill3 /dril/ n.  a W. African baboon, Mandrillus leucophaeus, related to the mandrill (一种生活在西非的)黑脸山魈 [probably of African origin: cf. MANDRILL]

drill4 /dril/ n.  a coarse twilled cotton or linen fabric 粗斜纹棉织物(或亚麻织物) [earlier drilling via German Drillich from Latin trilix -licis, from tri- ‘three’ + licium ‘thread’]

drilling rig n.  a structure with equipment for drilling an oil well etc. (用以钻油井等的)钻井设备

drill stem  see 见 STEM1 n. 7 

drily /ˈdraili/ adv. (also 亦作 dryly)  1 (said) in a dry manner; humorously 干巴巴地(说)；古怪地 2  in a dry way or condition 干燥地，干枯地

drink /driŋk/ v. & n. ●v. (past drank /dræŋk/; past part. drunk /drʌŋk/)  1  a tr.  swallow (a liquid) 饮，喝(水或酒)b tr.  swallow the liquid contents of (a container) 喝光(容器中的)饮料c intr.  swallow liquid, take draughts 吸入；饮进  drank from the stream  喝口溪水 2 intr.  take alcohol, esp. to excess 饮酒(尤指酗酒)  I have heard that he drinks  我听说他酗酒 3 tr. (of a plant, porous material, etc.) absorb (moisture) (植物、多孔物质等)吸收(水分) 4 refl.  bring (oneself etc.) to a specified condition by drinking 使(自己等)喝酒喝得…  drank himself into a stupor  他喝得烂醉 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away)  spend (wages etc.) on drink 因喝酒而耗尽(工资等)  drank away the money  把钱喝得分文不剩 6 tr.  wish (a person's good health, luck, etc.) by drinking (为某人健康、幸运等)祝酒  drank his health  为他的健康干杯 ●n.  1  a  a liquid for drinking 饮料；酒  milk is a sustaining drink  牛奶是健身壮体的饮料b  a draught or specified amount of this 饮用量  had a drink of milk  喝了一杯牛奶 2  a  alcoholic liquor 酒  got the drink in for Christmas  喝上一杯酒庆祝圣诞节b  a portion, glass, etc. of this 一份(一杯酒等)  have a drink  喝上一杯c  excessive indulgence in alcohol 酗酒  drink is his vice  酗酒是他的恶习 3 (as 作 the drink) colloq.  the sea [口]海 □ drink deep   take a large draught or draughts 酗酒，痛饮□ drink in   listen to closely or eagerly 倾听  drank in his every word  倾听他讲的字字句句□ drink off   drink the whole (contents) of at once 把(杯中物)一口喝光□ drink to   toast; wish success to 举杯祝贺□ drink a person under the table   remain sober longer than one's drinking companion 喝到把对方灌醉□ drink up   drink the whole of; empty 喝光，喝完□ in drink   drunk 喝醉的□ drinkable  adj.   [Old English drincan (v.), drinc(a) (n.), from Germanic]

drink-driving n. Brit.  the act of driving a vehicle with an excess of alcohol in the blood [英]酒后驾车 □ drink-driver  n.  

drinker /ˈdriŋkə/ n.  1  a  a person who drinks (something) 饮(某物)者b  a person who takes alcohol, esp. to excess 酒鬼(尤指过量) 2 (in full 全称 drinker moth)  a large brownish moth, Euthrix potatoria, whose caterpillar is noted for drinking dew 饮吮蛾

drinking song n.  a song sung while drinking, usu. concerning drink (通常有关喝酒的)饮酒歌

drinking-up time n. Brit.  a short period legally allowed for finishing drinks bought before closing time in a public house [英] (在酒店停止营业后允许顾客把酒喝完的)法定延长饮酒时间

drinking water n.  water pure enough for drinking 饮用水

drip /drip/ v. & n. ●v. (dripped, dripping)  1 intr. & tr.  fall or let fall in drops 滴下，流滴 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be so wet as to shed drops (湿淋淋地)滴下  dripped with blood  鲜血滴下 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of dripping 滴下，滴水  the steady drip of rain  雨点滴个不停b  a drop of liquid 一滴  a drip of paint  一滴油漆c  a sound of dripping 滴水声 2 colloq.  a stupid, dull, or ineffective person [口]愚钝(平庸)低效之人 3 Med. 【医】  = DRIP-FEEDn.  4 Archit.  a projection, esp. from a window sill, keeping the rain off the walls 【建】滴水挑檐；(尤指窗沿的外窗台) □ be dripping with   be full of or covered with 充满，覆盖  a duchess dripping with pearls  珠光宝气的公爵夫人□ dripping wet   very wet 湿透 [Middle Danish drippe, from Germanic (cf. DROP)]

drip-dry v. & adj. ●v. (-dries, -dried)  1 intr. (of fabric etc.) dry crease-free when hung up to drip (织物等)滴干，使滴干后依旧挺括 2 tr.  leave (a garment etc.) hanging up to dry 滴干(衣服等) ●adj.  able to be drip-dried 不需熨烫的；能滴干的

drip-feed v. & n. ●v. tr.  feed intravenously in drops 静脉滴注 ●n.  1  the continuous intravenous introduction of fluid into the body 静脉滴注 2  the fluid so introduced 静脉滴注液 3  the apparatus used to do this 输液器具，静脉滴注器具

drip-mat n. Brit.  a small mat under a glass [英] (玻璃杯下的)垫子，垫托

drip-moulding n.  a stone or other projection that deflects rain etc. from walls (引开雨水等的)滴水线脚

dripping /ˈdripiŋ/ n.  1  fat melted from roasted meat and used esp. for cooking (烤肉上滴下的)油滴(尤用于烹调) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  water, grease, etc., dripping from anything 滴下的液体(水、油脂等)

drippy /ˈdripi/ adj. (drippier, drippiest)  1  tending to drip 滴水的 2 colloq.  ineffectual; sloppily sentimental [口]不起作用的；故作多情的；过于伤感的 □ drippily  adv.  □ drippiness  n.  

dripstone /ˈdripstəʊn/ n.  1  = DRIP-MOULDING  2  a stone formation made by dripping water, e.g. a stalactite 石笋(如钟乳石)

drive /draiv/ v. & n. ●v. (past drove /drəʊv/; past part. driven /ˈdriv(ə)n/)  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, back, in, out, to, etc.)  urge in some direction, esp. forcibly (尤指用力)赶，驱赶，围赶  drove back the wolves  赶退狼群 2 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or to + verbal noun)  compel or constrain forcibly 逼迫；迫使  was driven to complain  被迫申诉 drove her to stealing  逼她去偷窃b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  force into a specified state 迫使成为某种状态  drove him mad  把他逼疯了 driven to despair  被逼得陷入绝望c (often 常作 refl.)  urge to overwork 驱使…拼命干；迫使…过分劳累  drives himself too hard  他拼命干活 3  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  operate and direct the course of (a vehicle, a locomotive, etc.) 驾驶，开(汽车、火车等)  drove a sports car  开一辆跑车 drives well  车开得好，车很好开b tr. & intr.  convey or be conveyed in a vehicle, esp. a private car (cf. 参见 RIDE) (尤指用私车)驾车运送  drove them to the station  开车把他们送去车站 he drives to work  他开车去上班c tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be licensed or competent to drive (a vehicle) 驾御，驾驶(车辆)  does he drive?  他会开车吗？d tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  urge and direct the course of (an animal drawing a vehicle or plough) 驱赶(牲畜拉的车或犁)e tr. colloq.  operate (an electronic device etc.) [口]操作(电器等)  bought a new computer but hasn't learnt to drive it yet  买了台新电脑，但尚未学会操作 4 tr. (of wind, water, etc.) carry along, propel, send, or cause to go in some direction (由风、水等)驱动，推动  pure as the driven snow  纯洁如飘雪 5 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  force (a stake, nail, etc.) into place by blows 打，敲(桩子、钉子等)；拧，戳  drove the nail home  钉紧钉子b Mining  bore (a tunnel, horizontal cavity, etc.) 【采矿学】掘进(平巷)，钻掘出(隧道、巷道等) 6 tr.  effect or conclude forcibly 努力促成，达成  drove a hard bargain  促使一笔难做的买卖成交 drove his point home  把他的观点讲得十分清楚 7 tr. (of steam or other power) set or keep (machinery) going (蒸汽或其他动力)推动(机器)运转 8 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  work hard; dash, rush, or hasten 拼命地干；猛冲；挺进；急行 9 tr.  hit (a ball) hard from a freely swung bat or racket 用力击(球；) 猛抽(球) 10 tr. (often absol. [常含宾]) Golf  strike (a ball) with a driver from the tee 【高尔夫球】(从球座)击(球) 11 tr.  chase or frighten (game, wild beasts, an enemy in warfare, etc.) from a large area to a smaller, to kill or capture; corner (对猎物、野兽、敌军等)围赶；围歼；逼入困境 12 tr. Brit. hist. [英史义]  hold a drift in (a forest etc.) (see 见 DRIFT n. 9) (在林中等)赶拢牲口 ●n.  1  an act of driving in a motor vehicle; a journey or excursion in such a vehicle 驾驶；驱车旅行  went for a pleasant drive  开车兜风 lives an hour's drive from us  住在离我们开车一小时能到的地方 2  a  the capacity for achievement; motivation and energy 积极性；动力；干劲  lacks the drive needed to succeed  缺乏奋发图强的动力b Psychol.  an inner urge to attain a goal or satisfy a need 【心】(内)驱力；欲望  unconscious emotional drives  无意识的情感驱动 3  a  a usu. landscaped street or road (通常指景色如画的)街道；大道b  a usu. private road through a garden or park to a house (通常经过花园或公园的)私人车道 4 Cricket, Golf & Tennis  a driving stroke of the bat etc. 【板球】【高尔夫球】【网球】(用球棒、球拍等)用力抽球；发急球 5  an organized effort to achieve a usu. charitable purpose (通常出于慈善目的的)运动  a famine-relief drive  解除饥荒运动 6  a  the transmission of power to machinery, the wheels of a motor vehicle, etc. 传动；驱动； (汽车等的)驱动轮  belt drive  皮带传动 front-wheel drive  前轮驱动b  the position of a steering wheel in a motor vehicle 驾驶座位  left-hand drive  左座驾驶c Computing 【计算】  = DISK DRIVE  7 Brit.  an organized competition, for many players, of whist, bingo, etc. [英] (惠斯特、宾戈等)纸牌戏比赛 8  an act of driving game or an enemy 围赶(猎物；) 围歼(敌人) 9 Austral. & NZ  a line of partly cut trees on a hillside felled when the top one topples on the others [澳新]山坡上一行未全部砍断的树，由最高处的树伐到后依次压倒下一棵 □ drive at   seek, intend, or mean 力争；要说；意指  what is he driving at?  他的意思是什么？□ drive out   take the place of; oust; exorcize, cast out (evil spirits etc.) 取代；驱逐；开除；逐出□ driving rain   an excessive windblown downpour 大风雨□ let drive   aim a blow or missile (朝…) 打； (对…) 发射(导弹)□ drivable  adj. (also 亦作 driveable)   [Old English drīfan, from Germanic]

drive-by attrib. adj. (of a crime etc.) carried out from a moving vehicle (罪等)在行驶车辆上所犯的

drive-in adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of a bank, cinema, etc.) able to be used while sitting in one's car (银行、露天影院等)可开车进去不用下车即可享受服务的，“免下车”服务的 ●n.  such a bank, cinema, etc. 免下车服务的银行(影院等)

drivel /ˈdriv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  silly nonsense; twaddle 傻话；胡说八道 ●v. (drivelled, drivelling; US [美] driveled, driveling)  1 intr.  run at the mouth or nose; dribble 淌口水，流鼻涕；滴下 2 intr.  talk childishly or idiotically 讲幼稚的无聊话；说傻话 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  fritter; squander away 浪费；挥霍 □ driveller  n. (US [美] driveler)   [Old English dreflian (v.)]

driven past part.  of DRIVE  

drive-on attrib. adj. (also 亦作 drive-on/ drive-off) (of a ship) on to and from which motor vehicles may be driven (船)车辆可驶上的；驶上型的

driver /ˈdraivə/ n.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person who drives a vehicle 驾驶员  bus driver  公共汽车驾驶员 train driver  火车司机 2 Golf  a club with a flat face and wooden head, used for driving from the tee 【高尔夫球】(发球时用的)球棒 3 Electr.  a device or part of a circuit providing power for output 【电】激励器 4 Mech.  a wheel etc. receiving power directly and transmitting motion to other parts 【机】主动轮；传动器(驱动器等) 5 Computing  a program that controls the operation of a device 【计算】驱动程序 □ in the driver's seat   in charge 处于控制(统治)地位□ driverless  adj.  

driver's license N. Amer. var.  of DRIVING LICENCE [北美] DRIVING LICENCE 的变体

driver's test N. Amer. var.  of DRIVING TEST [北美] DRIVING TEST 的变体

driveshaft /ˈdraivʃɑ:ft/ n.  a shaft transmitting torque 传动轴；驱动轴

drive-through attrib. adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  designating a shop, restaurant, etc. which has a window at which customers are served without leaving their cars (商店、饭馆等)免下车即可享受服务的 2  suitable for driving through 适于驾车进入的  a drive-through tunnel  可通行车辆的隧道

drive-time n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the parts of the day when many people commute by car (一天中众多人)开车上下班时间(的)；黄金时间(的)  a drive-time radio show  黄金时段的电台广播节目

driveway /ˈdraivwei/ n.  = DRIVEn. 3b 

driving licence n. (N. Amer. [北美] driver's license)  a licence permitting a person to drive a motor vehicle 驾(车执)照

driving range n. Golf  an area for practising drives 【高尔夫球】击球练习区(或练习场地)

driving test n. (N. Amer. [北美] driver's test)  an official test of a motorist's competence which must be passed to obtain a driving licence 汽车驾驶员行车执照的考试

driving wheel n.  1  the large wheel of a locomotive 主动轮 2  a wheel transmitting motive power in machinery 驱动轮

drizzle /ˈdriz(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  very fine rain 细雨，毛毛雨 2 esp. Cookery  fine drops; a fine trickle (尤)【烹饪】小滴；细流 ●v.  1 v. intr. (esp. of rain) fall in very fine drops (尤指雨)洒落  it's drizzling again  又在下毛毛雨了 2 v. tr. esp. Cookery  sprinkle in fine drops or a thin trickle (尤)【烹饪】滴撒；滴流 □ drizzly  adj.   [probably from Middle English drēse, Old English drēosan ‘fall’]

Dr Martens /dɒktə ˈmɑ:tinz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Doc Martens, Doctor Martens) propr.  a type of heavy usu. laced boot or shoe with a cushioned sole [商标]加衬垫的靴子(或鞋子) (通常系鞋带) [from Dr K. Maertens, the name of the German inventor of the sole]

drogue /drəʊɡ/ n.  1 Naut. 【海】  a  a buoy at the end of a harpoon line 浮标b  a sea anchor 海锚 2 Aeron.  a truncated cone of fabric used as a brake, a target for gunnery, a windsock, etc. 【空】(用作制动器、射击目标等的)风(向)袋 [18th c.: origin unknown]

droit /drɔit/ n. Law  a right or due 【法律】权利；所有权 [Middle English via Old French from Latin directum (n.), from directus DIRECT]

droit de seigneur /drwɑ: də senˈjɜ:/ n. hist.  the alleged right of a feudal lord to have sexual intercourse with a vassal's bride on her wedding night [史义] (封建领主对封臣新娘的)初夜权 [French, = lord's right]

droll /drəʊl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  quaintly amusing 古怪有趣的 2  strange; odd; surprising 奇怪的；奇特的；令人惊讶的 ●n. archaic [古义]  1  a jester; an entertainer 小丑；演艺人员 2  a quaintly amusing person 滑稽可笑的人 □ drollery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ drolly  /ˈdrəʊlli/ adv.  □ drollness  n.   [French drôle, perhaps from Middle Dutch drolle ‘little man’]

drome /drəʊm/ n. colloq. archaic  aerodrome [口] [古义]飞机场 [abbreviation]

-drome /drəʊm/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1  a place for running, racing, or other forms of movement (aerodrome 飞机场 ; hippodrome 竞技场；马戏杂耍场) 比赛场地；运动形式 2  a thing that runs or proceeds in a certain way (palindrome 回文 ; syndrome 综合征) 跑(进行)的东西 [Greek dromos ‘course, running’]

dromedary /ˈdrɒmid(ə)ri, ˈdrʌm-/ n. (pl. -ies)  = ARABIAN CAMEL  [Middle English from Old French dromedaire or Late Latin dromedarius, ultimately from Greek dromas -ados ‘runner’]

dromond /ˈdrɒmənd, ˈdrʌm-/ n. hist.  a large medieval ship used for war or commerce [史义] (中世纪用于战争或贸易的)快速大帆船 [Middle English via Old French dromon(t) and Late Latin dromo -onis from late Greek dromōn ‘light vessel’]

drone /drəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a non-working male of the honey bee, whose sole social function is to mate with fertile females 雄蜂，公蜂 2  an idler 懒汉，游手好闲者 3  a deep humming sound 深沉的嗡嗡声 4  a monotonous speech or speaker 单调枯燥的讲话(或演说者) 5  a  a pipe, esp. of a bagpipe, sounding a continuous note of fixed low pitch (尤指风笛的)单音管b  the note emitted by this 风笛声c (on a stringed instrument) a string used to produce a continuous droning sound (弦乐器上产生持续低音的)低音弦 6  a remote-controlled pilotless aircraft or missile 遥控的无人驾驶飞机(或导弹) ●v.  1 intr.  make a deep humming sound 嗡嗡叫；嗡嗡响 2 intr. & tr.  speak or utter monotonously 单调地说(或讲) 3  a intr.  be idle 无所事事b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  idle away (one's time etc.) 虚度(某人的时光等) [Old English drɑˉn, drœˉn, probably from West Germanic]

drongo /ˈdrɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  any black bird of the family Dicruridae, native to Asia, Africa, and Australia, having a long forked tail (原产亚洲、非洲、澳大利亚的卷尾科)卷尾(黑色具叉尾) 2 Austral. & NZ slang derog.  a simpleton [澳新] [俚语] [贬]笨人 [Malagasy]

droob /dru:b/ n. Austral. slang  a hopeless-looking ineffectual person [澳] [俚语]呆子；可怜虫 [perhaps from DROOP]

drool /dru:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  drivel; slobber 淌口水；流涎 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  show much pleasure or infatuation 垂涎；过分地表示兴奋 ●n.  slobbering; drivelling 垂涎；口水 [contraction of drivel]

droop /dru:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  hang or allow to hang down; languish, decline, or sag, esp. from weariness (使)低垂；凋萎；萎靡；(尤指因困倦疲劳而)衰弱 2 intr.  a (of the eyes) look downwards (眼睛)朝下b poet. (of the sun) sink [诗] (太阳)西沉 3 intr.  lose heart; be dejected; flag 灰心；沮丧；衰退 ●n.  1  a drooping attitude 消沉 2  a loss of spirit or enthusiasm 颓丧；消沉 [Middle English from Old Norse drúpa ‘hang the head’, from Germanic: cf. DROP]

droop-snoot adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●attrib. adj. (of an aircraft) having an adjustable nose or leading-edge flap (飞机)偏倾前缘的；前缘襟翼的 ●n.  1  such an aircraft 前缘襟翼飞机 2  the nose or leading-edge flap of such an aircraft (飞机的)偏倾前缘；前缘襟翼

droopy /ˈdru:pi/ adj. (droopier, droopiest)  1  drooping 萎靡的，倦怠的 2  dejected, gloomy 沮丧的，忧郁的 □ droopily  adv.  □ droopiness  n.  

drop /drɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small round or pear-shaped portion of liquid that hangs or falls or adheres to a surface (呈圆形或梨形贴附在物体表面的)小液珠，滴  drops of dew  露珠 tears fell in large drops  泪珠大滴大滴落下b  a very small amount of usu. drinkable liquid (通常指可饮用液体的)微量；一点点  just a drop left in the glass  杯里仅剩下一点儿c  a glass etc. of alcoholic liquor 一玻璃杯(杯等)酒  take a drop with us  和我们喝上一杯 2  a  an abrupt fall or slope 急落；急降b  the amount of this 下降距离  a drop of fifteen feet  下降 15 英尺c  an act of falling or dropping 下落；下降  had a nasty drop  危险的下降d  a reduction in prices, temperature, etc. (价格、温度等)下跌；降温e  a deterioration or worsening 恶化；败落  a drop in status  地位下降 3  something resembling a drop of liquid, esp. 滴状物，尤指 :a  a pendant or earring 垂饰，耳坠b  a crystal ornament on a chandelier etc. (枝形吊灯等上的)水晶装饰物c (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a sweet or lozenge 块糖；糖锭  pear drop  梨形糖 cough drop  止咳糖 4  something that drops or is dropped, esp. 下垂物，尤指 :a Theatr.  a painted curtain or scenery let down on to the stage 【戏】垂幕；绘景幕布b  a platform or trapdoor on a gallows, the opening of which causes the victim to fall 绞刑架台； (绞刑架的)下落板c (in comb. 用于复合词)  = sense 11 of v.  drop handlebars  低的把手  5 Med. 【医】  a  the smallest separable quantity of a liquid 点滴；米宁(药剂液量单位)b (in pl. 用复数)  liquid medicine to be measured in drops 滴剂  eye drops  滴眼剂 6  a minute quantity 微量  not a drop of pity  毫无怜悯之心 7 colloq.  a delivery [口]投递口 8 slang [俚语]  a  a hiding place for stolen or illicit goods (赃物等的)窝赃地b  a secret place where documents etc. may be left or passed on in espionage (情报等的)秘密传递点 9 slang  a bribe [俚语]贿赂 10 US  a letter box [美]信箱 ●v. (dropped, dropping)  1 intr. & tr.  fall or let fall in drops 滴； (使)滴下  tears dropped on to the book  泪珠滴在书上 dropped the soup down his shirt  汤滴在他的衬衫上 2 intr. & tr.  fall or allow to fall; relinquish; let go 落下，使掉下；放下；松手  dropped the box  放下盒子 the egg dropped from my hand  鸡蛋从我手中掉了下来 3  a intr. & tr.  sink or cause to sink or fall to the ground from exhaustion, a blow, a wound, etc. (因疲惫、受打击、受伤等) (使)倒下，累倒b intr.  die 倒毙 4  a intr. & tr.  cease or cause to cease; lapse or let lapse; abandon (使)停止； (使)消失；放弃  the connection dropped  联系中断了 dropped the friendship  友谊中止了 drop everything and come at once  放下一切事情立即来b tr. colloq.  cease to associate with [口]同…断绝关系 5 tr.  set down (a passenger etc.) 卸(客等)  drop me at the station  让我在车站下 6 tr. & intr.  utter or be uttered casually 无意中讲出；随口漏出  dropped a hint  露口风 the remark dropped into the conversation  话在交谈中无意漏了出来 7 tr.  send casually (随意地)寄(信)，写(信)  drop me a postcard  给我寄张明信片来 8  a intr. & tr.  fall or allow to fall in direction, amount, condition, degree, pitch, etc. (方向、数量、条件、程度、音高等) (使)下降； (使)降低； (使)减少； (使)变弱  his voice dropped  他的声音低下去了 the wind dropped  风势减弱了 we dropped the price by £ 20  我们把价格下调 20 英镑 the road dropped southwards  路面往南逐渐下降b intr. (of a person) jump down lightly; let oneself fall (人)轻轻地跳下；(使自己)倒下c tr.  remove (clothes, esp. trousers) rapidly, allowing them to fall to the ground 快速脱落(衣服，尤指裤子)到地面 9 tr. colloq.  lose (money, esp. in gambling) [口] (尤指赌博中)输(钱) 10 tr.  omit (a letter, esp. aitch, a syllable etc.) in speech 说话时吞掉；遗漏(字母，尤指首词 h 、音节等) 11 tr. (as 作 dropped adj.)  in a lower position than usual 低的  dropped handlebars  低的把手 dropped waist  低腰身 12 tr.  give birth to (esp. a lamb, a kitten, etc.) 产(仔，尤指羊羔、猫崽等) 13  a intr. (of a card) be played in the same trick as a higher card (牌)被硬打吊出b tr.  play or cause (a card) to be played in this way 硬打吊出(牌) 14 tr. Sport  lose (a game, a point, a contest, a match, etc.) 【运动】输掉(比赛争夺、竞赛等；) 输(分) 15 tr. Aeron.  deliver (supplies etc.) by parachute 【空】空投(供应品等) 16 tr. Rugby 【英式橄榄球】  a  send (a ball) by a drop kick 踢(抛球落地反弹球)b  score (a goal) by a drop kick 踢抛球落地反弹球得(分) 17 tr. colloq.  dismiss or omit [口]开除；省略  was dropped from the team  被队里除名 □ at the drop of a hat   given the slightest excuse 一…就…；立即□ drop anchor   anchor ship 抛锚停泊□ drop asleep   fall gently asleep 不觉睡着□ drop away   decrease or depart gradually 逐渐减少；陆续离去□ drop back (or behind or to the rear)   fall back; get left behind 落后，退后□ drop back into   return to (a habit etc.) 恢复(旧习等)□ drop a brick  esp. Brit. colloq.  make an indiscreet or embarrassing remark [尤英口]说话闯祸；做事出岔子□ drop a curtsy  Brit.  make a curtsy [英]行屈膝礼，请安□ drop dead!  slang  an exclamation of intense scorn [俚语]去你的！(表示极度轻蔑)□ drop down   descend a hill etc. 下山(顺流而下等)□ drop in (or by)  colloq.  call casually as a visitor [口]顺便走访□ a drop in the ocean (or a bucket)   a very small amount, esp. compared with what is needed or expected 沧海一粟，九牛一毛，微乎其微(尤指与所需或所期待的相比)□ drop into  colloq. [口]  1  call casually at (a place) 顺便访问(某地) 2  fall into (a habit etc.) 不知不觉地成为(习惯等)□ drop it!  slang  stop that! [俚语]中止；停止□ drop off   1  decline gradually 逐渐减少(或下降) 2 colloq.  fall asleep [口]入睡 3  = sense 5 of v. 动词释义 5□ drop on  Brit.  reprimand or punish [英]指责，处罚□ drop out  colloq.  cease to participate, esp. in a race, a course of study, or in conventional society [口]停止参与(尤指比赛、学业、社团)□ drop a stitch   let a stitch fall off the end of a knitting needle (编绒线时)漏织一针□ drop to  Brit. slang  become aware of [英] [俚语]开始意识到□ fit (or ready) to drop   extremely tired 累得快要趴下(的)□ have the drop on  colloq.  have the advantage over [口]先发制人□ have had a drop too much  colloq.  be slightly drunk [口]微醉□ droplet  n.   [Old English dropa (n.), drop(p)ian (v.), ultimately from Germanic: cf. DRIP, DROOP]

drop curtain n.  = DROPn. 4a 

drop-dead attrib. adj. slang  stunningly beautiful; brilliant, excellent [俚语]惊人美丽的；极好的，杰出的

drop-forging n.  a method of forcing white-hot metal through an open-ended die by a heavy weight 落(锤)锻(造) □ drop-forge  v. tr.  

drop goal n. Rugby  a goal scored from a drop kick during play 【英式橄榄球】踢落地(反弹)球得分

drop hammer n.  a heavy weight raised mechanically and allowed to drop, as used in drop-forging and piledriving 落锤；打桩锤

drophead /ˈdrɒphed/ n. Brit.  the adjustable fabric roof of a car [英]活动帆布车顶

drop-in centre n.  a meeting place where people may call casually for advice, conversation, etc. (向人们提供咨询、社交服务的)活动中心

drop kick n. Rugby  a kick made by dropping the ball and kicking it on the bounce 【英式橄榄球】踢落地球

drop-leaf attrib. adj. (of a table etc.) having a hinged flap (桌子等)有垂板的

drop-off n.  1  an act of dropping off or delivering something or someone 交付；递送 2  a decline, a decrease 衰落；减少  a drop-off in sales  销售减少 3 N. Amer.  a sheer downward slope, a cliff [北美]陡坡；悬崖

drop-out n.  1 colloq.  a person who has dropped out [口]退出者 2 Rugby  the restarting of a game by a drop kick 【英式橄榄球】抛球踢球

dropper /ˈdrɒpə/ n.  1  a device for administering liquid, esp. medicine, in drops (尤指用于药物的)点滴器；滴管 2 Austral., NZ & S. Afr.  a light vertical stave in a fence [澳新和南非] (篱笆中的)直板条

droppings /ˈdrɒpiŋz/ n. pl.  1  the dung of animals or birds (兽或鸟的)粪 2  something that falls or has fallen in drops, e.g. wax from candles 滴(状落)下物(如烛泪)

drop scene n.  = DROPn. 4a 

drop scone n. Brit.  a small thick pancake made by dropping batter into a frying pan etc. [英] (用面糊滴于平锅等上烙成的)滴面煎饼，烙饼

drop shot n. (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a shot dropping abruptly over the net (网球、羽毛球等的)短球，短吊，吊网前球

dropsy /ˈdrɒpsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  = OEDEMA  2 Brit. slang  a tip or bribe [英] [俚语]小费；贿金 □ dropsical  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Middle English, shortened form of idrop(e)sie from Old French idropesie, ultimately via Latin hydropisis from Greek hudrōps ‘dropsy’ (as HYDRO-)]

drop test n. & v. Engin. 【工程】  ●n.  a test done by dropping under standard conditions (在标准条件下进行的)下坠测试；落锤试验 ●v. tr. (作 drop-test)  carry out a drop test on 进行下坠测试(或落锤试验)

dropwort /ˈdrɒpwɜ:t/ n.  a plant, Filipendula vulgaris, with tuberous root fibres 六瓣合叶子

drop zone n.  a zone designated for parachutists to land in 空投区

droshky /ˈdrɒʃki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a Russian low four-wheeled open carriage (俄国的)敞篷四轮马车 [Russian drozhki, diminutive of drogi ‘wagon’, from droga ‘shaft’]

drosophila /drɒˈsɒfilə/ n.  a small fruit fly of the genus Drosophila, used extensively in genetic research because of its large chromosomes, numerous varieties, and rapid rate of reproduction 果蝇(因其染色体大、品种多、繁殖力强，故将其广泛用作遗传试验) [modern Latin, from Greek drosos ‘dew, moisture’ + philos ‘loving’]

dross /drɒs/ n.  1  rubbish, refuse 废料；杂质 2  a  the scum separated from metals in melting 浮渣(金属熔化时浮升至表面的渣滓)b  foreign matter mixed with anything; impurities 混杂物；杂质 □ drossy  adj.   [Old English drōs: related to Middle Low German drōsem, Old High German truosana]

drought /draʊt/ n.  1  the continuous absence of rain; dry weather 旱灾；干旱天气 2  the prolonged lack of something 长期缺乏(某物) 3 archaic  a lack of moisture; thirst; dryness [古义]干旱；口渴；干燥 □ droughty  adj.   [Old English drūgath from dryˉge DRY]

drouth /draʊθ/ n. Sc., Ir., US & poet. var.  of DROUGHT [苏格兰和爱尔兰] [美] [诗] DROUGHT 的变体

drove1 past  of DRIVE  

drove2 /drəʊv/ n.  1  a  a large number (of people etc.) moving together; a crowd; a multitude; a shoal (走在一起的人等)群；人群；大量；大群b (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a great number [口]许多  people arrived in droves  人们成群而来 2  a herd or flock being driven or moving together (被驱赶的或向前走动的)畜群 [Old English drɑˉf from drīfan DRIVE]

drover /ˈdrəʊvə/ n.  a person who drives herds to market; a cattle-dealer 牲畜贩子；牛贩子 □ drove  v. tr.  □ droving  n.  

drove road n. esp. Sc.  an ancient cattle track [尤苏格兰] (旧时的)牲畜道

drown /draʊn/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  kill or be killed by submersion in liquid (使)溺死； (使)淹死 2 tr.  submerge; flood; drench 沉浸于；淹没；浸没  drowned the fields in six feet of water  土地淹没在 6 英尺深的水下 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  deaden (grief etc.) with drink 借酒驱除(忧愁等)  drowned his sorrows in whisky  他借饮威士忌酒浇愁 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make (a sound) inaudible by means of a louder sound (用更高的声音)压过，盖过 □ drown out   drive out by flood (洪水)使得(居民)搬家□ like a drowned rat  colloq.  extremely wet and bedraggled [口]满身湿透 [Middle English (originally northern) drun(e), droun(e), related to Old Norse drukkna ‘be drowned’, from the Germanic base of DRINK]

drowned valley n.  a valley partly or wholly submerged by a change in land levels 溺谷，沉没谷

drowse /draʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  be dull and sleepy or half asleep 打瞌睡；打盹儿；假寐 2 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  pass (the time) in drowsing 昏睡度过(时光)b  make drowsy 使昏昏欲睡 3 intr. archaic  be sluggish [古义]行动迟缓 ●n.  a condition of sleepiness 昏昏欲睡 [back-formation from DROWSY]

drowsy /ˈdraʊzi/ adj. (drowsier, drowsiest)  1  half asleep; dozing 半睡(半醒)的；昏昏欲睡的 2  soporific; lulling 催眠的；使人昏昏欲睡的 3  sluggish 行动迟缓的 □ drowsily  adv.  □ drowsiness  n.   [probably related to Old English drūsian ‘be languid or slow’, drēosan ‘fall’: cf. DREARY]

drub /drʌb/ v. tr. (drubbed, drubbing)  1  thump; belabour 重击；痛打 2  beat in a fight 打击 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out of)  beat (an idea, attitude, etc.) into or out of a person (观念、态度等)硬灌；强行去除 □ drubbing  n.   [ultimately from Arabic ḍaraba ‘beat’]

drudge /drʌdʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a servile worker, esp. at menial tasks; a hack 做苦工(尤指乏味工作)者 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  work slavishly (at menial, hard, or dull work) 做苦工，干乏味工作；服贱役 □ drudgery  /ˈdrʌdʒ(ə)ri/ n.   [Middle English: perhaps related to DRAG, DREE]

drug /drʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a medicinal substance 药，药物 2  a narcotic, hallucinogen, or stimulant, esp. one causing addiction 麻醉药； (尤指使人上瘾的)迷幻剂(或兴奋剂) ●v. (drugged, drugging)  1 tr.  add a drug to (food or drink) (在食物或饮料中)搀加药物 2 tr.  a  administer a drug to 使服用麻醉药b  stupefy with a drug (用药物)麻醉，使失去知觉 3 Brit. intr.  take drugs as an addict [英]吸毒成瘾 [Middle English drogges, drouges from Old French drogue, of unknown origin]

drug addict n.  a person who is addicted to a narcotic drug 吸毒成瘾者，瘾君子

drugget /ˈdrʌɡit/ n.  1  a coarse woven fabric used as a floor or table covering 粗毛地毯；粗毛毯 2  such a covering 粗毛织物 [French droguet, of unknown origin]

druggist /ˈdrʌɡist/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a pharmacist [尤北美]药商；药剂师；  [French droguiste (as DRUG)]

druggy /ˈdrʌɡi/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (also 亦作 druggie) (pl. -ies)  a drug addict 吸毒者 ●adj.  of or associated with narcotic drugs 吸毒的；与毒品有关的

drug peddler n. (also colloq. [亦口] drug pusher)  a person who sells esp. addictive drugs illegally [口]毒品贩子(尤指非法贩卖)

drug squad n. Brit.  a division of a police force investigating crimes involving illegal drugs [英]缉毒科

drugstore /ˈdrʌɡstɔ:/ n. N. Amer.  a chemist's shop also selling light refreshments and other articles [北美] (兼售点心、饮料等的)药店；杂货店

Druid /ˈdru:id/ n. (fem. Druidess /-dis/)  1  an ancient Celtic priest, magician, or soothsayer of Gaul, Britain, or Ireland 德鲁伊特(古代凯尔特人的僧侣、巫师；高卢人、英吉利人、爱尔兰人的术士或占卜者) 2  a member of a Welsh etc. Druidic order, esp. the Gorsedd (威尔士等的)德鲁伊特教教徒(尤指威尔士吟诗会会员) □ Druidic  /-ˈidik/ adj.  □ Druidical  /-ˈidik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Druidism  n.   [French druide or Latin pl. druidae, -des, Greek druidai from Gaulish druides]

drum1 /drʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a percussion instrument or toy made of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere covered at one or both ends with stretched skin or parchment and sounded by striking (一头或两头用皮或羊皮纸包盖的)鼓  bass drum  大鼓 kettledrum  铜鼓，定音鼓b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a drummer or a percussion section 鼓手；敲击乐组  the drums are playing too loud  鼓手把鼓敲得太响c  a sound made by or resembling that of a drum 鼓声，(打鼓似的)咚咚声 2  something resembling a drum in shape, esp. 鼓形物，尤指 :a  a cylindrical container or receptacle for oil, dried fruit, etc. 圆柱形容器；(放置油、干水果等的)桶b  a cylinder or barrel in machinery on which something is wound etc. (机械中的)圆卷桶，鼓轮(在上可缠、卷等某物)c Archit.  the solid part of a Corinthian or composite capital 【建】(科林斯式建筑或混合柱顶的)圆鼓形柱头d Archit.  a stone block forming a section of a shaft 【建】(石柱柱身的)圆鼓石e Austral. & NZ  swag, a bundle [澳新]行囊，行李包 3 Zool. & Anat.  the membrane of the middle ear; the eardrum 【动】【解】中耳膜；鼓膜 4 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  a house 房子b  a nightclub 夜总会c  a brothel 妓院 5 (in full 全称 drum fish)  any marine fish of the family Sciaenidae, having a swim-bladder that produces a drumming sound (能发出击鼓声的石首鱼科)石首鱼 6 hist.  an evening or afternoon tea party [史义]傍晚茶会(或午茶会) 7 Austral. slang  a piece of reliable information, esp. a racing tip [澳] [俚语]可靠信息(尤指赛马内部秘密) ●v. (drummed, drumming)  1 intr. & tr.  play on a drum 敲(鼓) 2 tr. & intr.  beat, tap, or thump (knuckles, feet, etc.) continuously (on something) (持续用指节、脚等)敲击(某物)  drummed on the table  把桌子敲得咚咚响 drummed his feet  他用脚跺得咚咚响 drumming at the window  敲窗户 3 intr. (of a bird or an insect) make a loud, hollow noise with quivering wings (鸟或昆虫)嗡嗡地振翅作响 4 tr. Austral. slang  provide with reliable information [澳] [俚语]提供可靠信息 □ drum into   drive (a lesson) into (a person) by persistence 持续不断地向(某人)灌输(教训)□ drum out  Mil.  cashier (a soldier) by the beat of a drum; dismiss with ignominy 【军】(击鼓)开除(士兵)；轰走□ drum up   summon, gather, or call up 纠集，召集，集结  needs to drum up more support  需要征集更多的支持 [obsolete drombslade, drombyllsclad, from Low German trommelslag ‘drumbeat’, from trommel ‘drum’ + slag ‘beat’]

drum2 /drʌm/ n. (also 亦作 drumlin /ˈdrʌmlin/) Geol.  a long oval mound of boulder clay moulded by glacial action 【地质】(冰川活动后由泥沙砾石堆积成的)鼓丘 □ drumlinoid  n.   [Gaelic & Irish druim ‘ridge’: -lin perhaps for -LING1]

drumbeat /ˈdrʌmbi:t/ n.  a stroke or the sound of a stroke on a drum 击鼓(声)

drum brake n.  a brake in which shoes on a vehicle press against the drum on a wheel (车辆的)鼓形制动器

drumfire /ˈdrʌmfaiə/ n.  1 Mil.  heavy continuous rapid artillery fire, usu. heralding an infantry attack 【军】(通常步兵发起进攻前)连续的猛烈炮火 2  a barrage of criticism etc. 猛烈的批评(抗议等)

drum fish  see 见 DRUM1 n. 5 

drumhead /ˈdrʌmhed/ n.  1  the skin or membrane of a drum 鼓面(皮) 2  an eardrum 鼓膜 3  the circular top of a capstan 绞盘头 4 (作 attrib.)  improvised 临时的  drumhead court martial  临时军事法庭

drum kit n.  a set of drums, cymbals, etc. (鼓、铙、钹等)一套打击乐器

drumlin var.  of DRUM2  DRUM2 的变体

drum machine n.  an electronic device that imitates the sound of percussion instruments 仿打击乐声音的电子乐器

drum major n.  1  the leader of a marching band 军乐队指挥(或领队) 2 archaic  an NCO commanding the drummers of a regiment [古义]军团鼓手的指挥军士

drum majorette n. esp. US  a member of a female baton-twirling parading group [尤美]军乐队女指挥(或领队)

drummer /ˈdrʌmə/ n.  1  a person who plays a drum or drums 鼓手 2 esp. US colloq.  a commercial traveller [尤美口]旅行推销员 3 Brit. slang  a thief [英] [俚语]贼

drumstick /ˈdrʌmstik/ n.  1  a stick used for beating a drum 鼓槌 2  the lower joint of the leg of a cooked chicken, turkey, etc. (煮熟的)鸡(火鸡等)腿下段

drunk /drʌŋk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rendered incapable by alcohol 醉的  blind drunk  烂醉如泥 dead drunk  烂醉 drunk as a lord  酩酊大醉 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  overcome or elated with joy, success, power, etc. (因高兴、成功、权力等)陶醉的；兴奋的 ●n.  1  a habitually drunk person 酗酒者 2 slang  a drinking bout; a period of drunkenness [俚语]酒宴；闹饮；醉酒 [past part. of DRINK]

drunkard /ˈdrʌŋkəd/ n.  a person who is drunk, esp. habitually 醉汉(尤指酒鬼)

drunken /ˈdrʌŋk(ə)n/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  caused by or exhibiting drunkenness 酒醉引起的；酒醉的  a drunken brawl  酒后的打闹 2  fond of drinking; often drunk 好喝酒的；经常喝醉的 □ drunkenly  adv.  □ drunkenness  /ˈdrʌŋk(ə)nnis/ n.  

drunken driving n.  = DRINK-DRIVING 

drupe /dru:p/ n.  any fleshy or pulpy fruit enclosing a stone containing one or a few seeds, e.g. an olive, plum, or peach 核果(如橄榄、李子或桃) □ drupaceous  /-ˈpeiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin drupa from Greek druppa ‘olive’]

drupel /ˈdru:p(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 drupelet /ˈdru:plit/)  a small drupe usu. in an aggregate fruit, e.g. a blackberry or raspberry 小核果(通常为聚合果，如黑莓、悬钩子)

druse /dru:z/ n.  1  a crust of crystals lining a rock cavity 晶簇 2  a cavity lined with this 晶洞 [French from German, = weathered ore]

druther /ˈdrʌðə/ adv. & n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●adv.  rather, by preference 宁可；宁愿  I'd druther not go  我宁可不去 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  preference, choice; one's way 优先；选择；偏爱  if I had my druthers  假如我可以选择的话 [from a US dialect pronunciation of would rather]

Druze /dru:z/ n. (also 亦作 Druse) (often 常作 attrib.)  a member of a political or religious sect linked with Islam and living near Mount Lebanon (居于黎巴嫩山区的)德鲁兹教派穆斯林  Druze militia  德鲁兹游击队 [French from Arabic durūz (pl.), probably from the name of their founder, Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Darazī (d. 1019)]

dry /drai/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (drier /ˈdraiə/; driest /ˈdraiist/)  1  free from moisture, not wet, esp. 干的，干燥的，尤指 :a  with any moisture having evaporated, drained, or been wiped away (湿气已蒸发、耗尽或排除)无水分的，放干的  the clothes are not dry yet  衣服还没有干b (of the eyes) free from tears (眼)无泪的c (of a climate etc.) with insufficient rainfall; not rainy (气候等)无雨的；干旱的  a dry spell  干旱期d (of a river, well, etc.) dried up; not yielding water (河流、水井等)干涸的，无水的e (of a liquid) having disappeared by evaporation etc. (液体因蒸发等而)干透了的f  not connected with or for use without moisture 不用水操作的  dry shampoo  干洗的洗发剂g (of a shave) with an electric razor (用电剃刀)干刮的 2 (of wine etc.) not sweet (葡萄酒等)无甜味的  dry sherry  干雪利酒 3  a  meagre, plain, or bare 贫乏的；简朴的；缺少的  dry facts  缺乏事实b  uninteresting; dull 没有趣味的；无聊的  dry as dust  枯燥无味 4 (of a sense of humour, a joke, etc.) subtle, ironic, and quietly expressed; not obvious (幽默感、笑话等)难以捉摸的；冷面滑稽的；冷冰冰的；不露感情的 5  a (of a country, of legislation, etc.) prohibiting the sale of alcoholic drink (国家、法规等)禁止含酒精饮料销售的，禁酒的b (of a person) abstaining from alcohol or drugs (人)戒酒(戒毒)的 6 (of toast, bread, etc.) without butter, margarine, etc. (烤面包、面包等)不涂黄油(或人造黄油)的 7 Brit. (of provisions, groceries, etc.) solid, not liquid [英] (粮食、杂货等)干货的 8  impassive, unsympathetic; hard; cold 冷漠的；无情的；严厉的；冷淡的 9 (of a cow etc.) not yielding milk (奶牛等)不产奶的 10 colloq.  thirsty or thirst-making [口] (使)口渴的；干渴的  feel dry  感到口渴 this is dry work  这是件让人累得口干舌燥的工作 11 Brit. Polit. colloq.  of or being a political ‘dry’ (see sense 3 of n.) [英]【政】[口]枯燥乏味的(见名词释义 3) ●v. (dries, dried)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become dry by wiping, evaporation, draining, etc. (使)干；弄干；擦干(蒸发干、排干等) 2 tr. (usu. as 通常作 dried adj.)  preserve (food etc.) by removing the moisture 使(食品等)脱水，风干  dried egg  干蛋 dried fruit  干果 dried flowers  干花 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Theatr. colloq.  forget one's lines 【戏】[口]忘记台词 4 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, up)  cease or cause (a cow etc.) to cease yielding milk (使) (奶牛等)停奶 ●n. (pl. dries)  1  the process or an instance of drying 干燥过程(或处理) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a dry place 干处，干的地方  come into the dry  到干处来 3 Brit. colloq.  a politician, esp. a Conservative, who advocates individual responsibility, free trade, and economic stringency, and opposes high government spending [英口] (尤指主张个人责任、自由贸易及紧缩银根，反对政府高行政支出的)保守党政治家 4  a (prec. by 前接 the) esp. Austral. colloq.  the dry season [尤澳口]干燥季节，旱季b Austral.  a desert area, waterless country [澳]沙漠；无水地区 5  a  dry ginger ale 无甜味姜味汽水b  dry wine, sherry, etc. 无甜味葡萄酒，干葡萄酒(雪利酒等) □ dry out   1  become fully dry 干透 2 (of a drug addict, alcoholic, etc.) undergo treatment to cure addiction 戒毒(酒等)□ dry up   1  make utterly dry 使完全干透 2 Brit.  dry dishes [英]擦干碗碟 3 (of moisture) disappear utterly (湿气)完全消失，全干 4 (of a well etc.) cease to yield water (水井等)干涸 5 (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) colloq.  cease talking [口]中止谈话，(使)住口□ go dry   enact legislation for the prohibition of alcohol 制订(或颁布)禁酒法□ dryish  adj.  □ dryness  n.   [Old English dryˉge, drygan, related to Middle Low German dröge, Middle Dutch drōghe, from Germanic]

dryad /ˈdraiəd, -æd/ n. Mythol.  a nymph inhabiting a tree; a wood nymph 【神话】德律阿德斯，树神 [Middle English via Old French dryade and Latin from Greek druas -ados, from drus ‘tree’]

dry battery n.  an electric battery consisting of dry cells 干电池(组)

dry cell n.  a cell in which the electrolyte is absorbed in a solid and cannot be spilled 干电池

dry-clean v. tr. & intr.  clean (clothes etc.), or be cleanable, with organic solvents without using water 把(衣服等)干洗 □ dry-cleaner  n.  

dry cough n.  a cough not producing phlegm 干咳

dry cure v. tr.  cure (meat etc.) without pickling in liquid 干腌(肉等)

dry dock n.  an enclosure for the building or repairing of ships, from which water can be pumped out 干船坞

dryer /ˈdraiə/ n. (also 亦作 drier)  1  a  a machine or appliance for drying the hair, laundry, the hands, etc. 吹风机；干衣机；干燥器(烘干机等)b  = CLOTHES HORSE 1  2  a substance mixed with oil paint or ink to promote drying 干燥剂，催干剂

dry-eyed adj.  not weeping 不哭的；无泪的

dry fly n. & v. ●n.  an artificial fly which floats on the water (钓鱼时浮于水面上的)昆虫形拟铒，假蝇 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常用连字符 : dry-fly anglers  使用假蝇的垂钓者 ●v. intr. (作 dry-fly) (-flies, -flied)  fish using a dry fly 用拟饵(假蝇)钓鱼

dry goods n. pl.  1 Brit.  solid as opposed to liquid foodstuffs [英]干货 2 US  fabrics, clothing, etc. [美]纺织品(现成衣服等)

dry ice n.  solid carbon dioxide 干冰(固态二氧化碳)

dry land n.  1  land as opposed to the sea, a river, etc. 陆地(与海洋、河流相对) 2 (作 dryland /ˈdrailənd/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. N. Amer.  an area or land where rainfall is low (also 亦作 attrib.: dryland farming 旱地耕作) [尤北美] (降雨量少的)干旱地区

dryly var.  of DRILY  DRILY 的变体

dry measure n.  a measure of capacity for dry goods 干量(干货的容积量度)

dry milk n. US  dried milk [美]奶粉

dry-nurse n.  a nurse for young children, not required to breastfeed (不喂奶的)保姆

dry plate n.  a photographic plate with sensitized film hard and dry for convenience of keeping, developing at leisure, etc. (摄影用的)干板(干片等)

dry-point n.  1  a needle for engraving on a bare copper plate without acid 铜板雕刻针(不用腐蚀而用针直接雕在铜板的雕刻法) 2  an engraving produced with this 铜板雕刻

dry rot n.  1  a type of decay affecting wood in poorly ventilated conditions, caused by certain fungi 干腐病 2  these fungi 干腐菌

dry run n. colloq.  a rehearsal [口]演习；排练

dry-salt v. tr.  = DRY CURE 

dry-salter n. Brit. hist.  a dealer in dyes, gums, drugs, oils, pickles, tinned meats, etc. [英史义] (销售染料、胶浆、药材、食油、腌货、罐头肉等的)干咸货商

dry-shod adj. & adv.  without wetting the shoes 不湿鞋的

dry slope n.  an artificial ski slope used esp. for practice (尤用于练习的)人工滑雪斜坡

drystone /ˈdraistəʊn/ attrib. adj. Brit. (of a wall etc.) built without mortar [英] (墙等)不用灰泥的，干砌的

drywall /ˈdraiwɔ:l/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = PLASTERBOARD 

DS abbr. [缩略]  1  dal segno 从 ‹F023› 记号处开始重复一遍 2 Brit. [英]  disseminated sclerosis 

D.Sc. abbr.  Doctor of Science [缩略]理学博士

DSC abbr.  Distinguished Service Cross [缩略]优异服务十字勋章

DSM abbr.  Distinguished Service Medal [缩略]战时优异服务勋章

DSO abbr. (in the UK) Distinguished Service Order [缩略] (英国)优异服务勋章

DSS abbr. (in the UK) Department of Social Security [缩略] (英国)社会安全部 (formerly 旧称 DHSS)

DT abbr. (also 亦作 DT's /di:ˈti:z/)  delirium tremens [缩略]震颤性谵妄

DTI abbr. (in the UK) Department of Trade and Industry [缩略] (英国)贸易工业部

DTP abbr.  desktop publishing [缩略]桌面排版系统，台式出版系统

dual /ˈdju:əl/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of two; twofold 两的；二重的 2  divided in two; double 两分的；双的  dual ownership  两人共有 3 Gram. (in some languages) denoting two persons or things (additional to singular and plural) 【语法】(在一些语言中，除单数和复数外)双数变化的 ●n. (also 亦作 dual number) Gram.  a dual form of a noun, verb, etc. 【语法】(名词、动词等的)双数形式，双数词 ●v. tr. (dualled, dualling) Brit.  convert (a road) into a dual carriageway [英]改(道路)为复式车行道 □ duality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ dualize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ dually  adv.   [Latin dualis from duo ‘two’]

dual carriageway n. Brit.  a road with a dividing strip between the traffic in opposite directions [英] (有中央分隔带的)复式车行道

dual control adj. (of a vehicle or an aircraft) having two sets of controls, one of which is used by the instructor (车辆或飞机) (其中有一组供教练员操纵的)双重控制；复式操纵

dual in-line package  see 见 DIP 

dualism /ˈdju:əliz(ə)m/ n.  1  being twofold; duality 双重；二元 2 Philos.  the theory that in any domain of reality there are two independent underlying principles, e.g. mind and matter, form and content (cf. 参见 IDEALISM, MATERIALISM, MONISM) 【哲】二元论(如精神和物质、形式和内容) 3 Theol. 【神】  a  the theory that the forces of good and evil are equally balanced in the universe (宇宙中善与恶并列存在的)二元论b  the theory of the dual (human and divine) personality of Christ 基督教的(人性和神性)二性论 □ dualist  n.  □ dualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ dualistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

dual-purpose adj. (of a vehicle) usable for passengers or goods (车辆)客货两用的

Duane /du:ˈein/   杜安 [人名]

dub1 /dʌb/ v. tr. (dubbed, dubbing)  1  make (a person) a knight by the ritual touching of the shoulder with a sword (仪式性地用剑触肩)封(某人)为爵士 2  give (a person) a name, nickname, or title 授予(某人)绰号；给(某人)起绰号；把(某人)称为  dubbed him a crank  称他为怪人 3 Brit.  dress (an artificial fishing-fly) [英]装上(假蝇)作钓饵 4  smear (leather) with grease 擦亮(皮革) [Old English from Anglo-French duber, aduber, Old French adober ‘equip with armour, repair’, of unknown origin]

dub2 /dʌb/ v. tr. (dubbed, dubbing)  1  provide (a film etc.) with an alternative soundtrack, esp. in a different language (尤指用不同语言)为(电影等)配音；译制(影片) 2  add (sound effects or music) to a film or a broadcast 给影片(或广播)增加声响(或音乐)效果 3  combine (soundtracks) into one 合成声道 4  transfer or make a copy of (recorded sound or images) 转录(或复制) (音、像) [abbreviation of DOUBLE]

dub3 /dʌb/ n. & v. ●n. esp. US slang  an inexperienced or unskilful person [尤美] [俚语]新手；技艺拙劣的人 ●v. tr. (dubbed, dubbing) Golf  misplay (a shot) 【高尔夫球】打糟(球的一击) [perhaps from DUB1 in sense ‘beat flat’]

dub4 /dʌb/ v. intr. (dubbed, dubbing) (foll. by 后跟 in, up) slang  pay up; contribute money [俚语]付钱；捐款 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

dubbin /ˈdʌbin/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 dubbing /ˈdʌbiŋ/)  prepared grease for softening and waterproofing leather 革用软化防水油脂 ●v. tr. (dubbined, dubbining)  apply dubbin to (boots etc.) (给靴子等)涂皮革防水油脂 [see DUB1 4]

dubbing /ˈdʌbiŋ/ n.  an alternative soundtrack to a film etc. (给电影等配音的)替换声道

dubiety /dju:ˈbaiiti/ n. (pl. -ies) literary [文学用语]  1  a feeling of doubt 怀疑；疑惑；犹豫不决 2  a doubtful matter 可疑的事情 [Late Latin dubietas from dubium ‘doubt’]

dubious /ˈdju:biəs/ adj.  1  hesitating or doubting 迟疑的；疑惑的；犹豫不决的  dubious about going  去不去拿不准 2  of questionable value or truth 不确定的；引起怀疑的  a dubious claim  可疑的要求 3  unreliable; suspicious 不可靠的；可疑的  dubious company  靠不住的同伴 4  of doubtful result 未定局的；无把握的  a dubious undertaking  没有把握的任务 □ dubiously  adv.  □ dubiousness  n.   [Latin dubiosus from dubium ‘doubt’]

dubitation /dju:biˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. literary  doubt, hesitation [文学用语]怀疑；疑惑；犹豫(不定) [Middle English from Old French dubitation or Latin dubitatio, from dubitare DOUBT]

dubitative /ˈdju:bitətiv/ adj. literary  of, expressing, or inclined to doubt or hesitation [文学用语]怀疑的；表示疑惑的；犹豫不决的 [French dubitatif -ive or Late Latin dubitativus (as DUBITATION)]

Dublin /ˈdʌblin/ n.  都柏林 [爱尔兰共和国首都]

Dublin Bay prawn /ˈdʌblin/ n.  1  NORWAY LOBSTER  2 (in pl. 用复数)  scampi 都柏林湾匙指虾(龙虾的一种) [Dublin, a city in Ireland]

Dubonnet /du:ˈbɒnei, dju:-/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a sweet French aperitif 杜博尼酒(一种法国开胃甜酒) 2  a glass of this 一杯杜博尼酒 [name of a family of French wine-merchants]

ducal /ˈdju:k(ə)l/ adj.  of, like, or bearing the title of a duke 公爵的；公爵似的；有公爵爵位的 [French, from duc DUKE]

ducat /ˈdʌkət/ n.  1 hist.  a gold coin, formerly current in most European countries [史义]达克特(旧时流通于欧洲多国的金币) 2  a  a coin 硬币b (in pl. 用复数)  money 钱 [Middle English from Italian ducato or medieval Latin ducatus DUCHY]

Duce /ˈdu:tʃei/ n.  a leader, esp. (Il Duce) the title assumed by Mussolini (d. 1945) 首领，领袖(尤指“领袖”，意大利法西斯统治时期对墨索里尼的称呼) [Italian, = leader]

Duchenne muscular dystrophy /du:ˈʃen/ n.  a severe form of muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect and usually affecting boys 杜兴肌营养不良 [named after G.B.A. Duchenne, French neurologist d. 1875]

duchess /ˈdʌtʃis, -es/ n. (as a title usu. 作头衔通常为 Duchess)  1  a duke's wife or widow 公爵夫人(或遗孀) 2  a woman holding the rank of duke in her own right 女公爵 3 Brit. slang  a girl or woman, esp. a man's wife or mother [英] [俚语]女孩；妇女(尤指妻子或母亲) [Middle English via Old French duchesse from medieval Latin ducissa (as DUKE)]

duchesse /du:ˈʃes, ˈdʌtʃis, -es/ n.  1  a soft heavy kind of satin 丝硬缎(一种柔软质厚的绸缎) 2  a dressing table with a pivoting mirror 有可转动镜子的梳妆台 [French, = DUCHESS]

duchesse lace n.  a kind of Brussels pillow lace 细网眼凸纹梭结花边(布鲁塞尔枕头花边的一种)

duchesse potatoes n. pl.  mashed potatoes mixed with egg, formed into small shapes, and baked 土豆泥鸡蛋煎(或烤)饼

duchesse set n.  a cover or a set of covers for a dressing table (一组)梳妆台布

duchy /ˈdʌtʃi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the territory of a duke or duchess; a dukedom 公爵(女公爵)领地；公国 2 (often as 常作 the Duchy)  the royal dukedom of Cornwall or Lancaster, each with certain estates, revenues, and jurisdiction of its own 英国王室直辖领地(如康沃尔领地、兰开斯特领地，每一领地均有自己的财产、税收、司法权) [Middle English via Old French duché(e) and medieval Latin ducatus from Latin dux ducis ‘leader’]

duck1 /dʌk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ducks)  1  a  any waterbird of the family Anatidae, with a broad flat bill and large webbed feet, esp. the domesticated form of the mallard 鸭(鸭科水禽，尤指家鸭)b  the female of this (opp. 反义 DRAKE) 母鸭，雌鸭c  the flesh of a duck as food 鸭肉 2 (in full 全称 duck's-egg) Cricket  the score of a batsman dismissed for nought 【板球】零分 3 (also 亦作 ducks) Brit. colloq. (esp. as a form of address) dear, darling [英口] (尤作为一种称呼)亲爱的；宝贝儿 □ like a duck to water   adapting very readily 十分容易地，很自然地□ like water off a duck's back  colloq. (of remonstrances etc.) producing no effect [口] (抗议等)不产生任何影响，毫无效果□ play ducks and drakes with  colloq.  squander [口]浪费，挥霍 [Old English duce, dūce: related to DUCK2]

duck2 /dʌk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  plunge, dive, or dip under water and emerge 一头扎入(水中；) 潜水；按(浸)入(水中)  ducked him in the pond  把他按入水塘中 2 intr. & tr.  bend (the head or the body) quickly to avoid a blow or being seen, or as a bow or curtsy; bob (迅速低头或弯腰)躲闪，躲避；屈膝  ducked out of sight  逃得无影无踪 ducked his head under the beam  他低下头避开那束光线 3 tr. & intr. colloq.  avoid or dodge; withdraw (from) [口]躲避；回避；逃避  ducked out of the engagement  逃避约会 ducked the meeting  避免见面 4 intr. Bridge  lose a trick deliberately by playing a low card 【桥牌】放掉(指本来能赢得某一牌墩时，故意打一张小牌把这个牌墩放掉) ●n.  1  a quick dip or swim (猛的)一扎，一浸；潜入 2  a quick lowering of the head etc. 迅速低头(弯身等) □ ducker  n.   [Middle English from Germanic]

duck3 /dʌk/ n.  1  a strong untwilled linen or cotton fabric used for small sails and the outer clothing of sailors 帆布；帆布衣服 2 (in pl. 用复数)  trousers made of this 帆布裤子  white ducks  白帆布裤 [Middle Dutch doek, of unknown origin]

duck4 /dʌk/ n. colloq.  an amphibious landing craft [口]两栖登陆艇 [DUKW, its official designation]

duckbill /ˈdʌkbil/ n.  a duck-billed platypus (see 见 PLATYPUS) 鸭嘴兽

duckboard /ˈdʌkbɔ:d/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a path of wooden slats placed over muddy ground or in a trench (在泥泞道路或战壕上铺设的)板道；步级板

duck-hawk n.  1 dial.  a marsh harrier [方]沼泽猎兔狗 2 N. Amer.  a peregrine [北美]游隼

ducking-stool n. hist.  a chair fastened to the end of a pole, which could be plunged into a pond, used formerly for ducking scolds etc. [史义]浸水椅(旧时用此将泼妇等浸入水中)

duckling /ˈdʌkliŋ/ n.  1  a young duck 小鸭，幼鸭 2  its flesh as food 嫩鸭肉

ducks and drakes n.  a game of making a flat stone skim along the surface of water 打水漂

duck's arse n. (US [美] duck's ass) slang  a haircut with the hair on the back of the head shaped like a duck's tail [俚语]鸭尾巴式发型

duck soup n. US slang  an easy task [美] [俚语]易事

duckweed /ˈdʌkwi:d/ n.  a tiny aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae, esp. of the genus Lemna, growing on the surface of still water 浮萍科水生植物(尤指浮萍属植物)

ducky /ˈdʌki/ n. & adj. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  darling, dear 亲爱的，宝贝儿 ●adj.  sweet, pretty; splendid 可爱的；美好的；极好的

duct /dʌkt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a channel or tube for conveying fluid, cable, etc. (输送液体、电缆等的)导管，管道 2  a  a tube in the body conveying lymph or glandular secretions such as tears, bile, etc. (分泌眼泪、胆汁等的)排泄管b Bot.  a tube formed by cells that have lost their intervening end walls, holding air, water, etc. 【植】(含空气、水等的)管；导管 ●v. tr.  convey through a duct 用管道输送 [Latin ductus ‘leading, aqueduct’ from ducere duct- ‘lead’]

ductile /ˈdʌktail/ adj.  1 (of a metal) capable of being drawn into wire; pliable, not brittle (金属)易延展的；易弯的；韧性的 2 (of a substance) easily moulded (物质)可塑的；易变形的 3 (of a person) docile, gullible (人)温顺的；易受骗的 □ ductility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French ductile or Latin ductilis, from ducere duct- ‘lead’]

ducting /ˈdʌktiŋ/ n.  1  a system of ducts 管道系统 2  material in the form of a duct or ducts 管料

ductless /ˈdʌktlis/ adj.  lacking or not using a duct or ducts 无管的；不用管道的

ductless gland n.  a gland secreting directly into the bloodstream; an endocrine gland 无管腺；内分泌腺

Dud /dʌd/   达德 [人名]

dud /dʌd/ n. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a futile or ineffectual person or thing 无用的人；不称职的人；不中用的东西  a dud at the job  一个工作不称职的人 2  a counterfeit article 赝品 3  a shell etc. that fails to explode 哑弹(未爆炸的炮弹等) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  clothes 衣服，服装 ●adj.  1  useless, worthless, unsatisfactory or futile 无用的；无价值的，不能令人满意的，无益的 2  counterfeit 伪造的，假的 [Middle English: origin unknown]

dude /du:d, dju:d/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a fastidious aesthetic person, usu. male; a dandy 过分讲究仪表衣着的人(尤指男人)；花花公子 2  a holidaymaker on a ranch in the western US (在美国西部农牧场上的)度假者 3  a fellow; a guy 伙伴；家伙 □ dudish  adj.   [19th c.: probably from German dialect dude ‘fool’]

dude ranch n. (in the western US) a cattle ranch converted to a holiday centre for tourists etc. 度假牧场(或农场) (美国西部改建成旅游观光者度假的牧场或农场)

dudgeon /ˈdʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  a feeling of offence; resentment 生气；不满 □ in high dudgeon   very angry or angrily 非常愤怒地，极愤怒 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Dudley /ˈdʌdli/   达德利 [人名]

due /dju:/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1 (作 predic.)  owing or payable as a debt or an obligation 欠款的；应支付的  our thanks are due to him  我们应向他致谢 £ 500 was due on the 15th  应在 15 日支付 500 英镑 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  merited; appropriate; fitting 应有的；合适的；适当的  his due reward  他该得的报酬 received the applause due to a hero  受到给予英雄的热烈欢呼 3 (作 attrib.)  rightful; proper; adequate 正当的；适当的；充分的  after due consideration  经过充分的考虑之后 4 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 to)  to be ascribed to (a cause, an agent, etc.) 应归功于(某事业；) 应归咎于(某代理人等)  the discovery was due to Newton  此项发现应归功于牛顿 5 (作 predic.)  intended to arrive at a certain time (预定)应到的  a train is due at 7:30  火车定于 7 点半到达 6 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  under an obligation or agreement to do something 约定的；预定的  due to speak tonight  预定今晚演讲 ●n.  1  a person's right; what is owed to a person (某人)应有的权益；应得的事物  a fair hearing is my due  我有权得到公正的听证 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  what one owes 借款；应付款  pays his dues  偿还借款b Brit.  an obligatory payment; a fee; a legal charge [英]应交款；费；会费  harbour dues  港务费 university dues  大学学费 ●adv. (of a point of the compass) exactly, directly (指南针的尖)正对着  went due east  正朝东 a due north wind  正北风 □ due to  disp.  because of, owing to (cf. sense 4 of adj. 参见形容词释义 4) [异议]因为；由于  he was late due to an accident  他由于事故来晚了□ fall (or become) due  (of a bill etc.) be immediately payable (账单等)到期□ in due course   1  at about the appropriate time 在适当的时候 2  in the natural order 按自然次序 [Middle English from Old French deü, ultimately from Latin debitus, past part. of debēre ‘owe’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of due to to mean ‘because of’ as in the example He was late due to an accident is regarded as unacceptable by some people. It can be avoided by substituting His lateness was due to an accident, It was due to an accident that he was late, or He was late owing to/ because of an accident. 有些人认为例中 He was late due to an accident (他由于事故来晚了)的 due to 用来表示 because of (因为)是不能接受的。为避免此情况，可用 His lateness was due to an accident, It was due to an accident that he was late, 或用 He was late owing to/ because of an accident 替代。 

due date n.  the date on which payment of a bill etc., falls due (账单等)到期(或应偿还)日期

duel /ˈdju:əl/ n. & v. ●n.  1 hist.  a contest with deadly weapons between two people, in the presence of two seconds, to settle a point of honour [史义]决斗 2  any contest between two people, parties, causes, animals, etc. (两人、两党、两种事业、两动物间的)斗争  a duel of wits  智斗 ●v. intr. (duelled, duelling; US [美] dueled, dueling)  fight a duel or duels 决斗 □ dueller  n. (US [美] dueler)  □ duellist  n. (US [美] duelist)   [Italian duello or Latin duellum (archaic form of bellum ‘war’), in medieval Latin = single combat]

duende /du:ˈendei/ n.  1  an evil spirit 鬼；妖怪 2  inspiration 魅力；激励力 [Spanish]

duenna /dju:ˈenə/ n.  an older woman acting as a governess and companion in charge of girls, esp. in a Spanish family; a chaperone (尤指西班牙家庭中)家庭女教师；照看陪伴少女的年长妇女 [Spanish dueña from Latin domina ‘mistress’]

duet /dju:ˈet/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a performance by two voices, instrumentalists, etc. 二重唱(或奏等)b  a composition for two performers 二重唱(或奏)曲 2  a dialogue 对话 ●v. intr. (duetted, duetting)  perform a duet 唱二重唱；奏二重奏 □ duettist  n.   [German Duett or Italian duetto, diminutive of duo ‘duet’, from Latin duo ‘two’]

duff1 /dʌf/ n.  a boiled pudding 煮布丁 [northern English form of DOUGH]

duff2 /dʌf/ adj. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  worthless, counterfeit 无价值的；伪造的 2  useless, broken 无用的；出毛病的 [perhaps = DUFF1]

duff3 /dʌf/ v. tr. slang [俚语]  1 Brit. Golf  mishit (a shot, a ball); bungle [英]【高尔夫球】(球棒着地而)未击中(一击、球)；弄糟 2 Austral.  steal and alter brands on (cattle) [澳]改变(偷来的牛)烙印 □ duff up  Brit. slang  beat; thrash [英] [俚语]打；鞭打 [perhaps back-formation from DUFFER]

duffel /ˈdʌf(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 duffle)  1  a coarse woollen cloth with a thick nap 粗厚起绒呢料 2 US  a sportsman's or camper's equipment [美]运动员(或露营者)装备 [Duffel, a town in Belgium]

duffel bag n.  a cylindrical canvas bag closed by a drawstring and carried over the shoulder (袋口有拉带的圆桶状)行李袋

duffel coat n.  a hooded overcoat made of duffel and usu. fastened with toggles (通常用棒形纽襻的)连帽粗呢外套

duffer /ˈdʌfə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  an inefficient, useless, or stupid person (效率低而无用的或愚蠢的)笨蛋 2 Austral.  a person who duffs cattle [澳]偷牛贼 3 Austral.  an unproductive mine [澳]报废矿井 [perhaps from Scots dowfart ‘stupid person’ from douf ‘spiritless’]

dug1 past and past part.  of DIG 

dug2 /dʌɡ/ n.  1  the udder, breast, teat, or nipple of a female animal 雌性动物的乳房(或奶头) 2 derog.  the breast of a woman [贬]女性乳房 [16th c.: origin unknown]

dugong /ˈdu:ɡɒŋ, ˈdju:-/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or dugongs)  a marine mammal (sirenian), Dugong dugon, of Asian seas and coasts 儒艮(产于亚洲海域的海牛目哺乳类动物) [ultimately from Malay dūyong]

dugout /ˈdʌɡaʊt/ n.  1  a  a roofed shelter esp. for troops in trenches (尤指部队用的)防空壕b  an underground air-raid or nuclear shelter (防空袭或防核弹的)地下掩蔽部(或场所)c N. Amer. Sport [北美]【运动】  = BENCHn. 4  2  a canoe made from a hollowed tree trunk 独木舟 3 Brit. slang  a retired officer etc. recalled to service [英] [俚语]被召回服役的退役军官

duiker /ˈdaikə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 duyker)  any African antelope of the genus Cephalophus, usu. having a crest of long hair between its horns (非洲小羚羊属)小羚羊(通常角间有长毛) 2 S. Afr.  the long-tailed cormorant, Phalacrocorax africanus [南非]长尾鸬鹚 [Dutch duiker ‘diver’: in sense 1, from its habit of plunging through bushes when pursued]

duke /dju:k/ n.  1 (as a title usu. 作头衔通常为 Duke)  a  a person holding the highest hereditary title of the nobility 公爵b  a sovereign prince ruling a duchy or small state (统治公爵领地或小公国的)君主 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) slang  the hand; the fist [俚语] (双)手； (双)拳  put up your dukes!  举起手来！ 3 (in full 全称 duke cherry)  a hybrid between the sweet cherry, Prunus avium, and the sour cherry, P. cerasus 公爵樱桃(欧洲甜樱桃与欧洲酸樱桃的嫁接品种) [Middle English via Old French duc from Latin dux ducis ‘leader’]

dukedom /ˈdju:kdəm/ n.  1  a territory ruled by a duke 公爵领地 2  the rank of duke 公爵爵位

dulcet /ˈdʌlsit/ adj. (esp. of sound) sweet and soothing (尤指声音)美妙的；悦耳的 [Middle English, earlier doucet from the Old French diminutive of doux, from Latin dulcis ‘sweet’]

dulcify /ˈdʌlsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) literary [文学用语]  1  make gentle 使文雅 2  sweeten 使甜美 □ dulcification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin dulcificare from dulcis ‘sweet’]

dulcimer /ˈdʌlsimə/ n.  a musical instrument with strings of graduated length stretched over a sounding board or box, played by being struck with hammers (大)扬琴，扬琴 [Old French doulcemer, said to represent Latin dulce ‘sweet’, melos ‘song’]

dulcitone /ˈdʌlsitəʊn/ n.  a keyboard musical instrument with steel tuning forks which are struck by hammers 音叉琴 [Latin dulcis ‘sweet’ + TONE]

dulia /djʊˈlaiə/ n. RC Ch.  the reverence accorded to saints and angels 【天主教】(对圣徒和天使的)尊崇 [medieval Latin from Greek douleia ‘servitude’, from doulos ‘slave’]

dull /dʌl/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  slow to understand; stupid 迟钝的；愚蠢的 2  tedious; boring 冗长乏味的；沉闷的 3 (of the weather) overcast; gloomy (天气)多云的；阴沉的，昏暗的 4  a (esp. of a knife-edge etc.) blunt (尤指刀刃等)钝的b (of colour, light, sound, or taste) not bright, shining, vivid, or keen (颜色、光、声音或味道)不鲜明的；不闪光的；不生动的；不敏锐的 5 (of a pain etc.) usu. prolonged and indistinct; not acute (通常疼痛等)迁延性的，不明显的，隐约的；不厉害的  a dull ache  隐痛 6  a  sluggish, slow-moving 呆滞的；行动迟缓的  dull trading  生意清淡b (of a person) listless; lacking vitality (人)无精打采的；缺乏生命力的  dull and apathetic  呆滞且无动于衷 7 (of the ears, eyes, etc.) without keen perception (耳、眼等)感觉不灵敏的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become dull (使)变得迟钝(沉闷、不锋利、不鲜明等) □ dull the edge of   make less sensitive, interesting, effective, amusing, etc.; blunt (敏感、兴趣、效力、乐趣等)变钝；减弱；弄钝刃口□ dullish  adj.  □ dullness  n. (also 亦作 dulness)  □ dully  /ˈdʌlli/ adv.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch dul, corresponding to Old English dol ‘stupid’]

dullard /ˈdʌləd/ n.  a stupid person 蠢人；笨蛋

dulse /dʌls/ n.  an edible seaweed, Rhodymenia palmata, with red wedge-shaped fronds (可食用的)掌状红皮藻 [Irish & Gaelic duileasg]

duly /ˈdju:li/ adv.  1  in due time or manner 适时地；恰当地 2  rightly, properly, fitly 正当地；适当地；恰好地

Duma /ˈdu:mə/ n.  1  a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former USSR (俄罗斯以及前苏联加盟共和国的)国家杜马 2 hist.  a  any of four elected legislative bodies existing in Russia between 1906 and 1917 [史义]俄国 1906 至 1917 年间经选举产生的 4 个全国立法机构中的任何一个b  any similar pre-19th c. advisory municipal council in Russia (19 世纪前俄国城市的)市议会 [Russian]

dumb /dʌm/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of a person) unable to speak, usu. because of a congenital defect or deafness (人)哑的； (通常先天性)无说话能力的b (of an animal) naturally unable to speak (动物)天生无说话能力的  our dumb friends  我们无言的朋友 2  silenced by surprise, shyness, etc. (因惊吓、害羞等)说不出话的，失语的  struck dumb by this revelation  因事情泄露而张口结舌 3  taciturn or reticent, esp. insultingly (尤指无礼地)沉默(寡言)的  dumb insolence  无言的傲慢 4 (of an action etc.) performed without speech (行动等)无言的，不用言语表达的 5 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  giving no sound; without voice or some other property normally belonging to things of the name 不出声的；不发声的  a dumb piano  哑琴 6 esp. US colloq.  stupid; ignorant [尤美口]愚蠢的；无知的 7 (usu. of a class, population, etc.) having no voice in government; inarticulate (通常指阶级、人口等)无发言权的；口齿不清的  the dumb masses  无发言权的民众 8 (of a computer terminal etc.) able only to transmit data to or receive data from a computer; not programmable (opp. 反义 INTELLIGENT) (计算机终端等)哑的；无智能的 ●v. tr.  make dumb or unheard; silence 使沉默；变哑 □ dumb down  N. Amer. slang  reduce or adapt to a lower level of understanding [北美] [俚语]降低…的难度；简化□ dumbly  /ˈdʌmli/ adv.  □ dumbness  /ˈdʌmnis/ n.   [Old English: origin unknown: sense 6 from German dumm]

dumb animals n. pl.  animals, esp. as objects of pity 哑巴牲口(尤指作为怜悯的对象)

dumb-bell n.  1  a short bar with a weight at each end, used for exercise, muscle-building, etc. (用作锻炼、健美等的)哑铃 2 slang  a stupid person, esp. Brit. a woman [俚语]蠢货；[尤英]笨女人 [from an 18th-c. apparatus like that for ringing a church bell, but without the bell, used for exercise]

dumb blonde n.  a pretty but stupid blonde woman 一个漂亮而无头脑的白肤金发女子

dumb cluck n. slang  a stupid person [俚语]笨蛋，蠢人

dumbfound /dʌmˈfaʊnd/ v. tr. (also 亦作 dumfound)  strike dumb; confound; nonplus 使惊呆；使发愣；吓哑 [DUMB, CONFOUND]

dumbhead /ˈdʌmhed/ n. esp. US slang  a stupid person [尤美] [俚语]笨蛋；傻瓜

dumb-iron n.  the curved side piece of a motor vehicle chassis, joining it to the front springs (汽车大梁上的)副钢板弹簧支架

dumbo /ˈdʌmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang  a stupid person; a fool [俚语]笨蛋；傻瓜 [DUMB + -O]

dumb piano n.  a silent or dummy piano keyboard for exercising the fingers (练习指法用的)哑琴

dumbshow /ˈdʌmʃəʊ/ n.  1  significant gestures or mime, used when words are inappropriate 手势；示意动作 2  a part of a play in early drama, acted in mime 哑剧

dumbstruck /ˈdʌmstrʌk/ adj.  greatly shocked or surprised and so lost for words 被吓得目瞪口呆的；吓得发蒙的

dumb waiter n.  1  a small lift for carrying food, plates, etc., between floors (楼层间运送食物和盘子、盆子等的)升降机 2 Brit.  a movable table, esp. with revolving shelves, used in a dining room [英] (餐厅内有旋转架子可移动的)上菜架；圆转台

dumdum /ˈdʌmdʌm/ n. (in full 全称 dumdum bullet)  a kind of soft-nosed bullet that expands on impact and inflicts laceration 达姆弹，柔头弹 [Dum-Dum, a town and arsenal in India, where it was first produced]

dumfound var.  of DUMBFOUND  DUMBFOUND 的变体

dummy /ˈdʌmi/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a model of a human being, esp. 人体模型，尤指 :a  a ventriloquist's doll (口技者用的)玩具娃娃b  a figure used to model clothes in a shop window etc. (商店橱窗等陈列服装用的)人体模型c  a target used for firearms practice (练习射击用的)人形靶 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a counterfeit object used to replace or resemble a real or normal one 仿制样品b  a prototype, esp. in publishing (尤指出版中的)装帧样本 3 Rugby & Football  a pretended pass 【英式橄榄球】【足球】假传球 4 colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨人，蠢货 5  a person taking no significant part; a figurehead 挂名者；傀儡 6 Brit.  a rubber or plastic teat for a baby to suck on [英] (哄婴儿的)橡皮(或塑料)奶头 7  an imaginary fourth player at whist, whose hand is turned up and played by a partner (惠斯特牌戏中的)明手牌 8 Bridge 【桥牌】  a  the partner of the declarer, whose cards are exposed after the first lead 明手(定约人的搭档，即把所持的牌摊在桌上的持牌者)b  this player's hand 明手牌(明手摊在桌上的一手牌) 9 Mil.  a blank round of ammunition 【军】空包弹 ●adj.  sham; counterfeit 假的，伪造的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu.absol. [通常含宾]) Rugby & Football  pretend to pass (the ball) 【英式橄榄球】【足球】做假传(球)动作 □ dummy up  US slang  keep quiet; give no information [美] [俚语]保持缄默；不吭声□ sell the (or a) dummy  Rugby colloq.  deceive (an opponent) by pretending to pass the ball 【英式橄榄球】[口]以假传球动作迷惑(对手) [DUMB + -Y2]

dummy run n.  1  a practice attack, etc.; a trial run 进攻演习(试演习等；) 试运行 2  a rehearsal 排演；预演

dump /dʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place for depositing rubbish 垃圾场b  a heap of rubbish 废物堆 2 colloq.  an unpleasant or dreary place [口]脏地方；使人讨厌的场所 3 Mil.  a temporary store of ammunition, provisions, etc. 【军】(弹药、装备等的)临时堆集(处)，临时弹药库 4  an accumulated pile of ore, earth, etc. 矿石(泥土等)堆 5 Computing 【计算】  a  a printout of stored data (存储数据的)转出b  the process or result of dumping data (数据)转储 ●v. tr.  1  put down firmly or clumsily 倾卸；倾倒；砰地落下  dumped the shopping on the table  把买回的物品倒在桌上 2  deposit or dispose of (rubbish etc.) 存放(或处理) (垃圾等) 3 colloq.  abandon, desert [口]抛弃；丢弃 4 Mil.  leave (ammunition etc.) in a dump 【军】堆放(弹药等) 5 Econ.  send (goods unsaleable at a high price in the home market) to a foreign market for sale at a low price, to keep up the price at home, and to capture a new market 【经】(卖不出的商品以低于国内价格向国外市场)倾销 6 Computing 【计算】  a  copy (stored data) to a different location 转储，转存(内存的数据)b  reproduce the contents of (a store) externally 转出(存储) □ dump on  esp. US  criticize or abuse; get the better of [尤美]批评；辱骂；占…的便宜 [Middle English perhaps from Norse; cf. Danish dumpe, Norwegian dumpa ‘fall suddenly’]

dumper /ˈdʌmpə/ n.  1  a  a person or thing that dumps 倾卸工；倾卸物b (in full 全称 dumper truck)  a truck with a body that tilts or opens at the back for unloading 自动倾卸车；翻斗车 2 Austral. & NZ  a large wave that breaks and hurls the swimmer or surfer on to the beach [澳新] (冲浪运动中的)大浪

dumpling /ˈdʌmpliŋ/ n.  1  a  a small savoury ball of usu. suet, flour, and water, boiled in stew or water (通常含板油、面粉、水的)汤团，(肉馅)饺子b  a pudding consisting of apple or other fruit enclosed in dough and baked 水果布丁 2  a small fat person 小胖子 [apparently diminutive of dump ‘small round object’, but recorded much earlier]

dumps /dʌm(p)s/ n. pl. colloq.  depression; melancholy [口]沮丧；抑郁  down in the dumps  情绪低落 [probably from Low German or Dutch, figurative use of Middle Dutch domp ‘exhalation, haze, mist’: related to DAMP]

dump truck n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DUMPER 1b 

dumpy /ˈdʌmpi/ adj. (dumpier, dumpiest)  short and stout 短而粗壮的，矮胖的 □ dumpily  adv.  □ dumpiness  n.   [dump (cf. DUMPLING) + -Y1]

dun1 /dʌn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of a dull greyish-brown colour 暗褐色的 2 poet.  dark, dusky [诗]阴暗的，黑暗的 ●n.  1  a dun colour 暗褐色 2  a dun horse 灰兔褐色马 3  a dark fishing-fly 暗褐色的钓鱼假饵 [Old English dun, dunn]

dun2 /dʌn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a debt collector; an importunate creditor 讨债人 2  a demand for payment 催付 ●v. tr. (dunned, dunning)  importune for payment of a debt; pester 逼债；纠缠，烦扰 [abbreviation of obsolete dunkirk privateer, from Dunkirk, a sea port in France]

dun-bird n.  a pochard 潜鸭

Duncan /ˈdʌŋkən/   邓肯 [人名]

dunce /dʌns/ n.  a person slow at learning; a dullard 迟钝之人；蠢人，笨蛋 [John Duns Scotus, scholastic theologian d. 1308, whose followers were ridiculed by 16th-c. humanists and reformers as enemies of learning]

dunce's cap n.  a paper cone formerly put on the head of a dunce at school as a mark of disgrace 笨蛋高帽(旧时学校作为惩罚，给学习成绩差者戴的一种圆锥形纸帽)

Dundee cake /dʌnˈdi:/ n. esp. Brit.  a rich fruit cake usu. decorated with almonds [尤英] (通常饰有杏仁的)水果蛋糕 [Dundee, a city in Scotland]

dunderhead /ˈdʌndəhed/ n.  a stupid person 蠢人，傻瓜 □ dunderheaded  adj.   [17th c.: perhaps related to dialect dunner ‘resounding noise’]

dun-diver n.  a female or young male goosander 雌秋沙鸭；幼雄秋沙鸭

dune /dju:n/ n.  a mound or ridge of loose sand etc. formed by the wind, esp. beside the sea or in a desert (尤指海边、沙漠由沙粒等积成的)沙丘；土丘 [French from Middle Dutch dūne: cf. DOWN3]

dune buggy n.  = BEACH BUGGY 

dung /dʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  the excrement of animals; manure 动物排泄物；粪肥 ●v. tr.  apply dung to; manure (land) 上肥；(给土地)施粪肥 [Old English, related to Old High German tunga, Icelandic dyngja, of unknown origin]

dungaree /dʌŋɡəˈri:/ n.  1  a coarse Indian calico 印度粗棉布 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  overalls etc. made of dungaree or similar material, worn as workwear 劳动布工作服(裤子等)b Brit.  trousers with a bib worn by children or as a fashion garment [英] (儿童穿的带围涎的或被当作时髦的)劳动布裤子 [Hindi dungrī]

dung-beetle n.  a beetle whose larvae develop in dung, esp. one of the family Scarabaeidae (尤指金龟子科)蜣螂，屎壳螂

dungeon /ˈdʌn(d)ʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strong underground cell for prisoners 土牢，地牢 2 archaic  a donjon [古义]城堡主塔 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) archaic  imprison in a dungeon [古义]把…囚于地牢 [originally = donjon: Middle English from Old French donjon, ultimately from Latin dominus ‘lord’]

dung-fly n.  a fly which lays its eggs in dung, esp. one of the family Scatophagidae (尤指粪蝇科)粪蝇

dunghill /ˈdʌŋhil/ n.  a heap of dung or refuse, esp. in a farmyard (尤指农家场院的)粪堆，垃圾堆

dung-worm n.  any of various earthworms found in cow-dung and used as bait (用作鱼饵的)粪生蚯蚓；粪生蛆

dunk /dʌŋk/ v. tr.  1  dip (bread, a biscuit, etc.) into soup, coffee, etc. while eating (吃前)把(面包、饼干等)在汤、(咖啡等饮料)中浸 2  immerse, dip 浸；泡  was dunked in the river  在河里泡一泡 [Pennsylvanian German dunke ‘to dip’, from German tunken]

dunlin /ˈdʌnlin/ n.  a long-billed sandpiper, Calidris alpina 里腹滨鹬 [probably from DUN1 + -LING1]

dunnage /ˈdʌnidʒ/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  mats, brushwood, etc., stowed under or among cargo to prevent wetting or chafing (货物装箱用的)衬垫，垫料(柴草等) 2 Brit. colloq.  miscellaneous baggage [英口]杂件行李 [Anglo-Latin dennagium, of unknown origin]

dunno /ˈdʌnəʊ, dəˈnəʊ/ colloq. (I) do not know [口] (我)不知道 [corruption]

dunnock /ˈdʌnək/ n.  a small European songbird, Prunella modularis Also called 亦称作 hedge sparrow 林岩鹨 [apparently from DUN1 + -OCK, from its brown and grey plumage]

dunny /ˈdʌni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Sc.  an underground passage or cellar, esp. in a tenement [苏格兰] (尤指住房下的)地下通道，地窖 2 esp. Austral. & NZ slang  an earth closet; an outdoor privy [尤澳新] [俚语]野外厕所 [19th c. in the sense ‘faeces’: origin uncertain, perhaps related to DUNG]

duo /ˈdju:əʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a pair of actors, entertainers, singers, etc. (演员、表演者、歌手等)一对艺人  a comedy duo  一对喜剧搭档 2 Mus.  a duet 【音】二重唱 [Italian from Latin, = two]

duodecimal /dju:ə(ʊ)ˈdesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has twelve as a base (有关)十二进制的 ●n.  1  the duodecimal system 十二进制 2  duodecimal notation 十二进制中的记号 □ duodecimally  adv.   [Latin duodecimus ‘twelfth’ from duodecim ‘twelve’]

duodecimo /dju:əʊˈdesiməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Printing 【印】  1  a size of book in which each leaf is one-twelfth of the size of the printing-sheet (书的)12 开本 2  a book of this size 12 开本的书 [Latin (in) duodecimo ‘in a twelfth’ (as DUODECIMAL)]

duodenary /dju:əˈdi:nəri/ adj.  proceeding by twelves or in sets of twelve 十二的；十二分之几的；十二进制的 [Latin duodenarius from duodeni, distributive of duodecim ‘twelve’]

duodenum /dju:əˈdi:nəm/ n.  the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach 十二指肠 □ duodenal  adj.  □ duodenitis  /-ˈnaitis/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin, from duodeni (see DUODENARY), from its length of about 12 fingers' breadth]

duologue /ˈdjʊəlɒɡ/ n.  1  a conversation between two people (两人间)对话 2  a play or part of a play for two actors (两人的)对话剧；对唱剧 [formed irregularly from Latin or Greek duo ‘two’, on the pattern of monologue]

duomo /ˈdwəʊməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an Italian cathedral 意大利大教堂 [Italian, = DOME]

duopoly /djʊˈɒpəli/ n. (pl. -ies) Econ.  the possession of trade in a commodity etc. by only two sellers 【经】(对某一商品等的)双头卖主垄断 [Greek duo ‘two’ + pōleō ‘sell’, on the pattern of monopoly]

duotone /ˈdju:ətəʊn/ n. & adj. Printing 【印刷】  ●n.  1  a half-tone illustration in two colours from the same original with different screen angles 双色网目铜版插图 2  the process of making a duotone 双色调套印法 ●adj.  in two colours 用双色的 [Latin duo ‘two’ + TONE]

dupe /dju:p/ n. & v. ●n.  a victim of deception 易受骗的人 ●v. tr.  make a fool of; cheat; gull 欺骗；欺诈；愚弄 □ dupable  adj.  □ duper  n.  □ dupery  n.   [French from dialect French dupe ‘hoopoe’, from the bird's supposedly stupid appearance]

dupion /ˈdju:piən/ n.  1  a rough silk fabric woven from the threads of double cocoons 双宫丝织物 2  an imitation of this with other fibres 仿双宫丝；仿双宫绸 [French doupion from Italian doppione, from doppio ‘double’]

duple /ˈdju:p(ə)l/ adj.  of two parts 双的；二倍的；双重的 [Latin duplus from duo ‘two’]

duple ratio n.  a ratio of 2 to 1 双倍比

duplet /ˈdju:plit/ n.  a set of two things, esp. of two equal musical notes played in the time of three (尤指相同的乐音)二连音 [Latin duplus DUPLE, on the pattern of DOUBLET]

duple time n.  rhythm consisting of two beats to the bar 双拍子

duplex /ˈdju:pleks/ n. & adj. ●n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a flat or maisonette on two levels 二联式公寓，占两层楼的公寓套房 2  a house subdivided for two families 联式房屋；两家合住的房屋 ●adj.  1  having two elements; twofold 双的；双倍的；双重的 2 esp. US [尤美]  a (of a flat) two-storeyed (公寓)双层的b (of a house) for two families (房屋)两家合住的 3 (of a communications system, computer circuit, etc.) allowing the transmission of signals in both directions simultaneously (opp. 反义 SIMPLEX) (通讯系统、计算机线路等)双工(向)的 [Latin duplex duplicis, from duo ‘two’ + plic- ‘fold’]

duplicate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈdju:plikət/  1  exactly like something already existing; copied (esp. in large numbers) 完全一致的；(尤指用大倍数)复制的 2  a  having two corresponding parts 二重的b  existing in two examples; paired 双联式的；成对的c  twice as large or many; doubled 二倍的，双倍的 ●n. /ˈdju:plikət/  1  a  one of two identical things, esp. a copy of an original 完全一样的东西(尤指原件的复印件)b  one of two or more specimens of a thing exactly or almost identical 副本，抄件；复制品 2 Law  a second copy of a letter or document 【法律】(信或文件的)副本 3 (in full 全称 duplicate bridge or whist)  a form of bridge or whist in which the same hands are played successively by different players 复局(不同选手打同样一手牌的纸牌比赛) 4 archaic  a pawnbroker's ticket [古义]当票 ●v. tr. /ˈdju:plikeit/  1  multiply by two; double 使加倍；使成双 2  a  make or be an exact copy of 复制；复写；使成双联式b  make or supply copies of 复印，提供拷贝  duplicated the leaflet for distribution  复印传单散发 3  repeat (an action etc.), esp. unnecessarily (尤指不必要地)重复(某个动作等) □ in duplicate   consisting of two exact copies 一式两份地(的)□ duplicable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ duplication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin duplicatus, past part. of duplicare (as DUPLEX)]

duplicate ratio n.  the proportion of the squares of two numbers 二乘比

duplicator /ˈdju:plikeitə/ n.  1  a machine for making copies of a document, leaflet, etc. (复制文件、传单等的)复印机 2  a person or thing that duplicates 复制者；复制物

duplicity /dju:ˈplisiti, djʊ-/ n.  1  double-dealing; deceitfulness 两面派；欺诈 2 archaic  doubleness [古义]重复；双重性 □ duplicitous  adj.   [Middle English from Old French duplicité or Late Latin duplicitas (as DUPLEX)]

duppy /ˈdʌpi/ n. (pl. -ies) W.Ind.  a malevolent spirit or ghost [西印]妖精；恶鬼 [perhaps of African origin]

dura var.  of DURRA  DURRA 的变体

durable /ˈdjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  capable of lasting; hard-wearing 持久的；耐用的；耐穿的 2 (of goods) not for immediate consumption; able to be kept (货物)耐用的；可存放的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  durable goods 耐用物品 □ durability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ durableness  n.  □ durably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin durabilis, via durare ‘endure’ from durus ‘hard’]

Duralumin /djʊˈræljʊmin/ n. propr.  a light hard alloy of aluminium with copper etc. [商标]杜拉铝；硬铝(含铜等合金) [perhaps from Düren, a town in the Rhineland or from Latin durus ‘hard’ + ALUMINIUM]

dura mater /djʊərə ˈmeitə/ n. Anat.  the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord (see 见 MENINX) 【解】硬脑(脊)膜 [medieval Latin = hard mother, translation of Arabic al-'umm al-jɑˉfiya (‘mother’ in Arabic indicating the relationship of things)]

duramen /djʊˈreimen/ n.  = HEARTWOOD  [Latin from durare ‘harden’]

durance /ˈdjʊər(ə)ns/ n. archaic  imprisonment [古义]禁锢；监禁  in durance vile  在监禁中 [Middle English via French, from durer ‘last’, from Latin durare: see DURABLE]

duration /djʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the length of time for which something continues 持续；持久 2  a specified length of time 持续时间  after the duration of a minute  持续一分钟后 □ for the duration   1  for a very long time 长期地 2  until the end of the war 直至战争结束□ durational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin duratio -onis (as DURANCE)]

durative /ˈdjʊərətiv/ adj. Gram.  denoting continuing action 【语法】持续的

Durban /ˈdɜ:bən/ n.  德班 [南非(阿扎尼亚)港市]

durbar /ˈdɜ:bɑ:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  the court of an Indian ruler (印度藩王等的)宫廷 2  a public levee of an Indian prince or an Anglo-Indian governor or viceroy (印度藩王或祖籍英国的印度州长或总督的)正式接见处(或厅) [Urdu from Persian darbɑˉr ‘court’]

durchkomponiert /ˈdʊəxˌkɒmpɒniət, 德 ˈdʊrçkɔmponi:rt/ adj. Mus. 【音】 (of a song) having different music for each verse (歌曲)通节的；通谱的(每一诗节音乐均不相同) [German, from durch ‘through’ + komponiert ‘composed’]

duress /djʊ(ə)ˈres, ˈdjʊəres/ n.  1  compulsion, esp. imprisonment, threats, or violence, illegally used to force a person to act against his or her will (尤指用监禁、威胁、暴力等非法)强迫；胁迫  under duress  在胁迫之下 2  forcible restraint or imprisonment 束缚；监禁 [Middle English via Old French duresse from Latin duritia, from durus ‘hard’]

Durex /ˈdjʊəreks/ n. Brit. propr.  a contraceptive sheath; a condom [英] [商标]杜蕾丝(避孕套) [20th c.: invented word]

durian /ˈdʊəriən/ n.  1  a large tree, Durio zibethinus, native to SE Asia, bearing oval spiny fruits containing a creamy pulp with a fetid smell and an agreeable taste (东南亚产)榴莲树 2  this fruit 榴莲果 [Malay durīan from dūrī ‘thorn’]

duricrust /ˈdjʊərikrʌst/ n. Geol.  a hard mineral crust formed near the surface of soil in semi-arid regions by evaporation of groundwater 【地质】硬壳，铝铁硅钙壳 [Latin durus ‘hard’ + CRUST]

during /ˈdjʊəriŋ/ prep.  1  throughout the course or duration of 在…的整个期间，在…期间  read during the meal  在吃饭时阅读 2  at some point in the duration of 在…期间的某个时候  came in during the evening  在晚间回来 [Middle English from Old French durant, ultimately from Latin durare ‘last, continue’]

durmast /ˈdɜ:mɑ:st/ n.  an oak tree, Quercus petraea, having sessile acorns, and growing esp. on acid soils (尤指在酸性土壤上生长的)无梗花栎 [dur- (perhaps erroneous for DUN1) + MAST2]

durn US var.  of DARN2 [美] DARN2 的变体

durned US dial. var.  of DARNED [美方] DARNED 的变体

durra /ˈdʊrə, ˈdʊərə/ n. (also 亦作 dura, dhurra)  a variety of the sorghum Sorghum bicolor, native to Asia, Africa, and the US 蜀黍；都拉高粱 [Arabic dura, durra]

durst archaic or dial. [古义] [方] past  of DARE 

durum /ˈdjʊərəm/ n.  a kind of wheat, Triticum durum, having hard seeds and yielding a flour used in the manufacture of spaghetti etc. (生产意大利通心粉等的)硬粒小麦 [Latin, neut. of durus ‘hard’]

durzi /ˈdɜ:zi/ n. (pl. durzis)  an Indian tailor 印度裁缝 [Urdu from Persian darzī, from darz ‘sewing’]

dusk /dʌsk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the darker stage of twilight 薄暮；黄昏 2  shade; gloom 荫；幽暗(处) ●adj. poet.  shadowy; dim; dark-coloured [诗]朦胧的；暗淡的；黝黑的 ●v. tr. & intr. poet.  make or become shadowy or dim [诗] (使)变微暗； (使)变得模糊(或朦胧) [Old English dox ‘dark, swarthy’, doxian ‘darken in colour’]

dusky /ˈdʌski/ adj. (duskier, duskiest)  1  shadowy; dim 微暗的；朦胧的 2  dark-coloured, darkish 黝黑的；微黑的 □ duskily  adv.  □ duskiness  n.  

dust /dʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  finely powdered earth, dirt, etc., lying on the ground or on surfaces, and blown about by the wind (细土、沙土等的)灰尘，尘埃b  fine powder of any material 粉  pollen dust  花粉 gold dust  金粉c  a cloud of dust 一片尘雾 2  a dead person's remains 尸骨；遗骸  honoured dust  荣誉显赫的遗骸 3  confusion or turmoil 混乱，骚动  raised quite a dust  激起骚动 4 archaic or poet.  the mortal human body [古义] [诗]凡身；肉体  we are all dust  我们均是凡人 5  the ground; the earth 地面；泥土  kissed the dust  屈服 6  an act of dusting 擦(扫、掸、刷)净  give the table a dust  掸去桌面上的尘土 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  clear (furniture etc.) of dust etc. by wiping, brushing, etc. 除去(擦、刷等) (家具等上的)尘土(灰土等) 2 tr.  a  sprinkle (esp. a cake) with powder, dust, sugar, etc. (尤指在糕点上)撒粉(或糖等)b  sprinkle or strew (sugar, powder, etc.) 喷撒；撒满(糖、粉末等) 3 tr.  make dusty 积满灰尘 4 intr. archaic (of a bird) take a dust-bath [古义] (鸟)洗沙浴 □ dust and ashes   something very disappointing 令人十分失望的事物□ dust down  Brit. [英]  1  wipe or brush the dust from 擦去(或刷掉)…的尘埃 2 colloq.  reprimand [口]训斥，责骂 3  = dust off □ dust off   1  remove the dust from (an object on which it has long been allowed to settle) 除去(物品上长期积留的)尘埃 2  use and enjoy again after a long period of neglect (把长期不用的东西)备好待用；重新采用□ in the dust   1  humiliated 丢脸的，受辱的 2  dead 死去的□ not see a person for dust   find that a person has made a hasty departure 发现某人已匆匆离去□ when the dust settles   when things quieten down 当事情平息下来□ dustless  adj.   [Old English dūst: cf. Low German dunst ‘vapour’]

dust-bath n.  a bird's rolling in dust to freshen its feathers (鸟的)沙浴，尘浴

dustbin /ˈdʌs(t)bin/ n. Brit.  a container for household refuse, esp. one kept outside [英] (尤指外置的)垃圾箱

dust bowl n.  an area denuded of vegetation by drought or erosion and reduced to desert 干旱尘暴区；风沙侵蚀区

dustcart /ˈdʌs(t)kɑ:t/ n. Brit.  a vehicle used for collecting household refuse [英]垃圾车

dust cover n.  1  = DUST SHEET  2  = DUST JACKET 

dust devil n. S. Afr.  a whirlwind visible as a column of dust [南非]尘卷风；尘(沙)旋

duster /ˈdʌstə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a cloth for dusting furniture etc. [英] (擦家具等的)抹布b  a person or contrivance that dusts 除尘者，打扫工；除尘器 2  a woman's light, loose, full-length coat (在家穿的)宽松女外衣

Dustin /ˈdʌstin/   达斯廷 [人名]

dusting powder n.  1  talcum powder 滑石粉 2  any dusting or drying powder 扑粉；爽身粉

dust jacket n.  a usu. decorated paper cover used to protect a book from dirt etc. (通常为书防尘等的)护封；封面纸套

dustman /ˈdʌs(t)mən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. [英]  1  a man employed to clear household refuse 清洁工 2  = SANDMAN 

dustpan /ˈdʌs(t)pæn/ n.  a small pan into which dust etc. is brushed from the floor (尤指扫垃圾等用的)簸箕

dust sheet n. Brit.  a cloth put over furniture to protect it from dust [英] (家具的)防尘套(或罩)

dust-shot n.  the smallest size of shot 尘粒弹；最小号子弹

dust storm n.  a storm with clouds of dust carried in the air 尘暴，沙尘暴

dust-trap n.  something on, in, or under which dust gathers 聚尘物；容易积灰尘的东西

dust-up n. colloq.  a fight [口]争吵；争斗，打架

dust-wrapper n.  = DUST JACKET 

dusty /ˈdʌsti/ adj. (dustier, dustiest)  1  full of, covered with, or resembling dust 满是灰尘的，灰尘覆盖的；尘状的 2  uninteresting; dry 乏味的；枯燥的  dusty legal paragraphs  枯燥无味的法律短文 3 (of a colour) dull or muted (颜色)阴暗的；浅灰的 □ not so dusty  Brit. slang  fairly good [英] [俚语]还不错□ dustily  adv.  □ dustiness  n.   [Old English dūstig (as DUST)]

dusty answer n. Brit.  a curt rejection of a request [英] (对请求的)含糊回答；生硬拒绝

dusty miller n.  1  any of various plants, esp. Artemisia stelleriana, having white dust on the leaves and flowers 白绒毛矢车菊；雪叶莲(尤指白蒿) 2  a kind of artificial fishing-fly 假蝇饵

Dutch /dʌtʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or associated with the Netherlands (有关)荷兰的； (有关)荷兰人的； (有关)荷兰式的 2 US archaic slang  German [美古义] [俚语]德国(人)的 3 S. Afr.  of Dutch descent [南非]荷兰血统的 4 archaic  of Germany including the Netherlands [古义] (包括荷兰在内的)条顿(人)的 ●n.  1  a  the language of the Netherlands 荷兰语b S. Afr. usu. derog.  Afrikaans [南非] [通常贬]南非荷兰语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  a  the people of the Netherlands 荷兰人b S. Afr.  Afrikaans-speakers [南非]讲南非荷兰语的人 3 archaic  the language of Germany including the Netherlands [古义]条顿语 □ go Dutch   share expenses equally 费用均担； AA 制 [Middle Dutch dutsch etc., Hollandish, Netherlandish, German, Old High German diutisc ‘national’]

dutch /dʌtʃ/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = DUCHESS 3  [abbreviation]

Dutch auction n.  a sale, usu. public, of goods in which the price is reduced by the auctioneer until a buyer is found (拍卖者通常当众自动落价，直到有人愿出资购买的)荷兰式拍卖

Dutch bargain n.  a bargain concluded by drinking together 酒席上达成的交易

Dutch barn n. Brit.  a barn roof over hay etc., set on poles and having no walls [英]荷兰式谷仓(放置干草等)

Dutch cap n.  1 Brit.  a contraceptive diaphragm [英]阴道隔膜，子宫帽 2  a woman's lace cap with triangular flaps on each side (每边有三角形向上翻卷的)荷兰式尖顶女帽

Dutch courage n.  false courage gained from alcohol 酒后之勇，虚勇

Dutch doll n. Brit.  a jointed wooden doll [英] (有关节的)木制玩具娃娃

Dutch door n.  = STABLE DOOR 2 

Dutch elm disease n.  a disease of elms, often fatal, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi and spread by bark beetles (由榆梢枯长喙霉引起的)荷兰榆树病

Dutch hoe n.  a hoe used with a pushing action 荷兰式推锄

Dutch interior n.  a painting of Dutch domestic life, esp. by P. de Hooch (d. 1683) 荷兰内景画，(尤指荷兰画家胡赫画的)家庭生活油画

Dutchman /ˈdʌtʃmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Dutchwoman, pl. -women)  1  a  a native or national of the Netherlands 荷兰人；荷兰国民b  a person of Dutch descent 荷兰人后裔 2  a Dutch ship 荷兰船 3 US archaic slang  a German [美古义] [俚语]条顿人 □ I'm a Dutchman  Brit.  expression of disbelief or refusal [英] (不信或拒绝的表达)如果…我就不是人

Dutchman's breeches n. US  a plant of eastern N. America, Dicentra cucullaria, with white flowers and finely divided leaves [美] (北美东部的)兜状荷包牡丹

Dutchman's pipe n.  a climbing vine of eastern N. America, Aristolochia durior, with hooked tubular flowers (北美东部的长有弯管状花的)美洲马兜铃；烟斗藤

Dutch metal n.  a copper-zinc alloy imitating gold leaf (含铜和锌的)荷兰合金(模仿黄金叶片)，(颜色像金的)荷兰黄铜

Dutch oven n.  1  a metal box the open side of which is turned towards a fire 荷兰烘箱 2  a covered cooking pot for braising etc. (有密封盖用于文火炖等的)荷兰炖锅

Dutch treat n.  a party, outing, etc. to which each person makes a contribution (外出远足等)各付己账的聚餐

Dutch uncle n.  a person giving advice with benevolent firmness 严厉的批评者；不留情面的训斥者

Dutch wife n.  a framework of cane etc., or a bolster, used for resting the legs in bed 竹夫人(置于床上搁脚的藤等制成的架子)

Dutchwoman  see 见 DUTCHMAN 

duteous /ˈdju:tiəs/ adj. literary (of a person or conduct) dutiful; obedient [文学用语] (人或行为)尽职的；服从的 □ duteously  adv.  □ duteousness  n.   [DUTY + -OUS: cf. beauteous]

dutiable /ˈdju:tiəb(ə)l/ adj.  liable to customs or other duties 应征关税的

dutiful /ˈdju:tifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  doing or observant of one's duty; obedient 忠实的，忠于职守的；顺从的 □ dutifully  adv.  □ dutifulness  n.  

duty /ˈdju:ti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a moral or legal obligation; a responsibility 义务；本分；责任  his duty to report it  他有义务报告此事b  the binding force of what is right 责任心；责任感  strong sense of duty  强烈的责任感c  what is required of one 本分  do one's duty  尽职；尽义务 2  payment to the public revenue, esp. 税，尤指 :a  that levied on the import, export, manufacture, or sale of goods (进出口货物)关税  customs duty  海关税b Brit.  that levied on the transfer of property, licences, the legal recognition of documents, etc. [英]转让财产(许可证执照、文件法律确认等的)所征的税  death duty  遗产税 probate duty  动产税 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a job or function 职责，职能  his duties as caretaker  他的职责是看管 4  the behaviour due to a superior; deference, respect (对上级的)恭顺；听从；恭敬 5  the measure of an engine's effectiveness in units of work done per unit of fuel (发动机的)能率，功率 6 Eccl.  the performance of church services 【教会】行礼拜式 □ do duty for   serve as or pass for (something else) (其他物)代…用；当…用□ on (or off) duty   engaged (or not engaged) in one's work (不)在当班 [Anglo-French deweté, dueté (as DUE)]

duty-bound adj.  obliged by duty 负有责任的；义不容辞的

duty-free adj. (of goods) on which duty is not leviable (商品)免税的

duty-free shop n.  a shop at an airport etc. at which duty-free goods can be bought (机场等的)免税商店

duty officer n.  the officer currently on duty 值勤官；值班员

duty-paid adj. (of goods) on which duty has been paid (货物)已纳税的；完税的

duty visit n.  a visit paid from obligation, not from pleasure 例行拜访

duumvir /dju:ˈʌmvə/ n. Rom. Hist.  one of two co-equal magistrates or officials [罗马]【史】两执政之一；双人执政者之一 □ duumvirate  /-virət/ n.   [Latin from duum virum ‘of the two men’]

duvet /ˈdju:vei, ˈdu:-/ n. esp. Brit.  a thick soft quilt with a detachable cover, used instead of an upper sheet and blankets [尤英] (被褥合一的)羽绒被 [French, = DOWN2]

dux /dʌks/ n. Sc., Austral., NZ & S. Afr.  etc. the top pupil in a class or in a school [苏格兰和澳新南非] (班级或学校里)成绩最优的学生 [Latin, = leader]

duyker var.  of DUIKER  1 DUIKER 1 的变体

DV abbr. Deo volente [缩略]  如蒙上帝恩允

Dvr. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Driver 

dwale /dweil/ n.  deadly nightshade 颠茄 [probably from Scandinavian]

Dwane /dwein/   杜安 [人名]

dwarf /dwɔ:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. dwarfs or dwarves /dwɔ:vz/)  1  a  a person of abnormally small stature, esp. one with a normal-sized head and body but short limbs (尤指头、身体正常而四肢短小的)侏儒，矮子b  an animal or plant much below the ordinary size for the species 矮小动物(或植物) 2  a small mythological being with supernatural powers (神话中有魔力的)小矮人 3 (in full 全称 dwarf star)  a small usu. dense star (通常密度大的)矮星 4 (作 attrib.)  a  of a kind very small in size 矮  dwarf bean  矮生菜豆b  puny, stunted 弱小；发育不全 ●v. tr.  1  stunt in growth 发育迟缓 2  cause (something similar or comparable) to seem small or insignificant 使显得矮小  efforts dwarfed by their rivals' achievements  对手的成就使其努力显得相形见绌 □ dwarfish  adj.   [Old English dweorg, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, alternative terms such as person of restricted growth are now sometimes preferred. 用于释义 1 时，人们有时更喜欢用 person of restricted growth (发育受到限制者)来代替 dwarf (侏儒)。 

dwarfism /ˈdwɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n. esp. Med.  the condition of being a dwarf (尤)【医】侏儒症

dweeb /dwi:b/ n. US slang  a studious or boring person; a nerd [美] [俚语]书呆子，笨人；乏味之人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dwell /dwel/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past and past part. dwelt or dwelled)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at, near, on, etc.) literary  live, reside [文学用语]居住，寓于  dwelt in the forest  居住在森林里 2 (of a horse) be slow in raising its feet; pause before taking a fence (马)收步；(跨越障碍物前)踌躇 ●n. a slight, regular pause in the motion of a machine (机器运转中)有规则的小停顿 dwell on (or upon)  1  spend time on, linger over; write, brood, or speak at length on (a specified subject) 花费时间于；徘徊于； (对专题)书写；进行沉思；长篇大论  always dwells on his grievances  老在诉说他的冤屈 2  prolong (a note, a syllable, etc.) (音、音节等)拉长，持续 □ dweller  n.   [Old English dwellan ‘lead astray, hinder, delay’, later ‘continue in a place’, from Germanic]

dwelling /ˈdweliŋ/ n. (also 亦作 dwelling place) formal  a house; a residence; an abode [正式]住处；寓所；住所

dwelling house n.  a house used as a residence, not as an office etc. (不是作为办公室等的)住宅

Dwight /dwait/   德怀特 [人名]

dwindle /ˈdwind(ə)l/ v. intr.  1  become gradually smaller; shrink; waste away 逐渐变小；缩小；减少 2  lose importance; decline; degenerate 衰落；衰退；退化 [dwine ‘fade away’ from Old English dwīnan, Old Norse dvina]

d.w.t. abbr.  dead-weight tonnage [缩略] (船的)载重吨位

dwt. abbr. hist. [缩略] [史义]  pennyweight 

Dy symb. Chem.  the element dysprosium [符]【化】(化学元素)镝

dyad /ˈdaiæd/ n. Math.  an operator which is a combination of two vectors 【数】并矢；并向量 □ dyadic  /-ˈædik/ adj.   [Late Latin dyas dyad- from Greek duas duados, from duo ‘two’]

Dyak /ˈdaiæk/ n. (also 亦作 Dayak)  an aboriginal of Borneo or Sarawak 迪雅克人(婆罗洲或沙捞越的土著居民) [Malay dayak ‘up-country’]

dyarchy var.  of DIARCHY  DIARCHY 的变体

dybbuk /ˈdibʊk/ n. (pl. dybbukim /-kim/ or dybbuks)  a malevolent spirit in Jewish folklore 阴魂附体(犹太民间传说中的鬼怪) [Hebrew dibbūk from dɑˉb-ak ‘cling’]

dye /dai/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a substance used to change the colour of hair, fabric, wood, etc. (毛发、织物、木材等的)染料b  a colour produced by this (染上的)颜色 2 (in full 全称 dyestuff /ˈdaistʌf/)  a substance yielding a dye, esp. when in solution (尤指溶解中)产生染料之物 ●v. (dyeing)  1 tr.  impregnate with dye 染 2 tr.  make (a thing) a specified colour with dye 使(某物)染上颜色  dyed it yellow  把它染成黄色 3 intr.  take colour in the process of dyeing 被染色；被着色 □ dyed in the wool (or Brit. [英] grain)   1  out and out; unchangeable, inveterate 十足的；染透的；根深蒂固的 2 (of a fabric) made of yarn dyed in its raw state (织物)生染的；原毛染色的□ dyeable  adj.   [Old English deag, deagian]

dye-line n.  a print made by the diazo process 重氮复印法

dyer /ˈdaiə/ n.  a person who dyes cloth etc. (织物等的)染工，染匠

dyer's greenweed n. (also 亦作 dyer's broom)  a bushy yellow-flowered leguminous plant, Genista tinctoria, formerly used to make a green dye 染料木(旧时用作绿色染料)

dyer's oak n.  an E. Mediterranean oak, Quercus infectoria, bearing galls formerly used to make a yellow dye (产于东地中海的)染色栎(旧时用作黄色染料)

dyestuff  see 见 DYE n. 2 

dying /ˈdaiiŋ/ attrib. adj.  connected with, or at the time of, death 即将死亡的；垂死的  his dying words  他的临终之言 □ to one's dying day   for the rest of one's life 余生，在有生之年 [pres. part. of DIE1]

dying oath n.  an oath made at, or with the solemnity proper to, death 临死誓言

dyke1 /daik/ n. & v. (also 亦作 dike) ●n.  1  a long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding, esp. from the sea (尤指沿海筑的)堤，坝 2  a  a ditch or artificial watercourse 沟；渠b Brit.  a natural watercourse [英]水道，天然渠道 3  a  a low wall, esp. of turf (尤指草地)低墙b  a causeway 堤道，砌道 4  a barrier or obstacle; a defence 障碍物，障碍；防御物 5 Geol.  an intrusion of igneous rock across sedimentary strata 【地质】岩墙；岩脉 6 esp. Austral. slang  a lavatory [尤澳] [俚语]厕所 ●v. tr.  provide or defend with a dyke or dykes 筑堤，用坝防护 [Middle English from Old Norse dík or Middle Low German dīk ‘dam’, Middle Dutch dijc ‘ditch, dam’: cf. DITCH]

dyke2 /daik/ n. (also 亦作 dike) slang  a lesbian [俚语]女同性恋者 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dyn abbr. [缩略]  dyne 

dynamic /daiˈnæmik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 dynamical)  1  energetic; active; potent 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 2 Physics 【物理学】  a  concerning motive force (opp. 反义 STATIC) 动力的b  concerning force in actual operation (有关)动态的，启动的 3  of or concerning dynamics (有关)动力学的 4 Mus.  relating to the volume of sound 【音】(有关)力度变化的，音量的 5 Philos.  relating to dynamism 【哲】(有关)物力论的，力本说的 6 (as 作 dynamical) Theol. (of inspiration) endowing with divine power, not impelling mechanically 【神】(灵感)赋予神力的 ●n.  1  an energizing or motive force 活力，动力 2 Mus. 【音】  = DYNAMICS 3  □ dynamically  adv.   [French dynamique from Greek dunamikos, from dunamis ‘power’]

dynamic equilibrium n.  a state of balance between continuing processes 动态平衡

dynamics /daiˈnæmiks/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a  the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces (cf. 参见 STATICS) 动力学b  the branch of any science in which forces or changes are considered 力学  aerodynamics  空气动力学 population dynamics  群体动态 2  the motive forces, physical or moral, affecting behaviour and change in any sphere 动力  group dynamics  群体动力 3 Mus.  the varying degree of volume of sound in musical performance 【音】力度；力度变化 □ dynamicist  /-sist/ n. (in sense 1a 用于释义 1a)  

dynamic viscosity n.  a quantity measuring the force needed to overcome internal friction 动态黏度

dynamism /ˈdainəmiz(ə)m/ n.  1  energizing or dynamic action or power 推动力；活力，干劲 2 Philos.  the theory that phenomena of matter or mind are due to the action of forces (rather than to motion or matter) 【哲】(以力的作用来解释的)物力论；力本论 □ dynamist  n.   [Greek dunamis ‘power’ + -ISM]

dynamite /ˈdainəmait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a high explosive consisting of nitroglycerine mixed with an absorbent 炸药，甘油炸药 2  a potentially dangerous person, thing, or situation 有潜在危险的人(事情或形势) 3 Brit. slang  a narcotic, esp. heroin [英] [俚语]麻醉品(尤指海洛因) 4 (often 常作 attrib.) slang  a powerful or impressive person or thing [俚语]轰动一时的人物；引起轰动的事物 ●v. tr.  charge or shatter with dynamite (用炸药)炸毁；爆破 □ dynamiter  n.   [formed as DYNAMISM + -ITE1]

dynamo /ˈdainəməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 esp. Brit.  a machine converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, esp. by rotating coils of copper wire in a magnetic field [尤英]发电机(尤指通过在磁场里旋转铜线圈，把机械能转化为电能的机器) 2 colloq.  an energetic person [口]精力充沛的人 [abbreviation of dynamo-electric machine, from Greek dunamis ‘power’]

dynamometer /dainəˈmɒmitə/ n.  an instrument measuring energy expended by a mechanism, vehicle, etc. 测力计；测功计(测量机械装置、车辆等所耗能量) [French dynamomètre (as Greek dunamis ‘power, force’ + -METER)]

dynast /ˈdinəst, ˈdainəst, -æst/ n.  1  a ruler 统治者，君主 2  a member of a dynasty 王朝成员 [Latin from Greek dunastēs, from dunamai ‘be able’]

dynasty /ˈdinəsti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a line of hereditary rulers 朝代；王朝 2  a succession of leaders in any field (某一领域领导人的)世袭，继承 □ dynastic  /-ˈnæstik/ adj.  □ dynastically  /-ˈnæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [French dynastie or Late Latin dynastia from Greek dunasteia ‘lordship’ (as DYNAST)]

dynatron /ˈdainətrɒn/ n. Electronics  a thermionic valve, used to generate continuous oscillations 【电子学】回射电子管；负阻管 [Greek dunamis ‘power’ + -TRON]

dyne /dain/ n. Physics  a unit of force that, acting on a mass of one gram, increases its velocity by one centimetre per second every second along the direction that it acts (abbr. 缩略 : dyn) 【物理学】达因(力的单位) [French from Greek dunamis ‘force, power’]

dys- /dis/ comb. form esp. Med.  bad, difficult [构词成分] (尤)【医】坏的；困难的 [Greek dus- ‘bad’]

dysentery /ˈdis(ə)nt(ə)ri/ n.  a disease with inflammation of the intestines, causing severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus 痢疾 □ dysenteric  /-ˈterik/ adj.   [Old French dissenterie or Latin dysenteria from Greek dusenteria (as DYS-, enteria from entera ‘bowels’)]

dysfunction /disˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  an abnormality or impairment of function 机能不良；机能障碍 □ dysfunctional  adj.  

dysgraphia /disˈɡræfiə/ n.  an inability to write coherently 书写困难 □ dysgraphic  adj.   [DYS- + Greek graphia ‘writing’]

dyslexia /disˈleksiə/ n.  a disorder marked esp. by severe difficulty in reading and spelling (尤指严重的)诵读困难 □ dyslectic  /-ˈlektik/ adj. & n.  □ dyslexic  adj. & n.   [German Dyslexie (as DYS-, Greek lexis ‘speech’, apparently by confusion of Greek legein ‘to speak’ and Latin legere ‘to read’)]

dysmenorrhoea /ˌdismenəˈri:ə/ n.  painful or difficult menstruation 痛经 [DYS- + MENORRHOEA]

dyspepsia /disˈpepsiə/ n.  indigestion 消化不良 [Latin dyspepsia from Greek duspepsia (as DYS-, peptos ‘cooked, digested’)]

dyspeptic /disˈpeptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to dyspepsia or the resulting depression (有关)消化不良的；(有关)阴郁的 ●n.  a person suffering from dyspepsia 消化不良患者

dysphasia /disˈfeiziə/ n. Med.  lack of coordination in speech, owing to brain damage 【医】言语困难 □ dysphasic  adj.   [Greek dusphatos ‘hard to utter’ (as DYS-, PHATIC)]

dysphoria /disˈfɔ:riə/ n.  a state of unease or mental discomfort 焦虑；烦躁不安 □ dysphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.   [Greek dusphoria from dusphoros ‘hard to bear’ (as DYS-, pherō ‘bear’)]

dysplasia /disˈpleiziə/ n. Med.  abnormal growth of tissues etc. 【医】(组织等)发育不良，发育异常 □ dysplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [modern Latin, formed as DYS- + Greek plasis ‘formation’]

dyspnoea /dispˈni:ə/ n. (US [美] dyspnea) Med.  difficult or laboured breathing 【医】呼吸困难 □ dyspnoeic  adj.   [Latin from Greek duspnoia (as DYS-, pneō ‘breathe’)]

dysprosium /disˈprəʊziəm/ n. Chem.  a naturally occurring soft metallic element of the lanthanide series, used as a component in certain magnetic alloys (symbol 符 Dy) 【化】(化学元素)镝 [modern Latin, from Greek dusprositos ‘hard to get at’ + -IUM]

dystocia /disˈtəʊʃə/ n. Med.  difficult or prolonged childbirth 【医】难产 [DYS- + Greek tokos ‘childbirth’]

dystopia /disˈtəʊpiə/ n.  a nightmare vision of society, often as one dominated by a totalitarian state (opp. 反义 UTOPIA) 反面乌托邦；反面假想国 □ dystopian  adj. & n.   [DYS- + UTOPIA]

dystrophic /disˈtrɒfik, -ˈtrəʊf-/ adj.  1 Med.  relating to or affected by dystrophy 【医】营养不良的；营养不良引起的 2 Ecol. (of a lake etc.) containing much dissolved organic matter and little oxygen 【态】(湖等)无滋养的(含许多溶解的有机物并缺氧) [formed as DYSTROPHY + -IC]

dystrophy /ˈdistrəfi/ n.  impaired nourishment of an organ or part of the body See also 另见 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY 营养不良(或障碍) [modern Latin dystrophia, formed as DYS- + Greek -trophia ‘nourishment’]

dysuria /disˈjʊəriə/ n.  painful or difficult urination 排尿疼痛；排尿困难 [Late Latin from Greek dusouria (as DYS-, ouron ‘urine’)]

dzo /ʒəʊ, zəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 dzho, zho) (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  a hybrid of a cow and a yak 犏牛(普通牛和牦牛的杂交种) [Tibetan mdso]

déclassé /deiˈklæsei/ adj. (fem. déclassée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  that has fallen in social status 失去社会地位的；落泊的 [French]

décolletage /deikɒlˈtɑ:ʒ/ n.  a low neckline of a woman's dress etc. (妇女衣服等的)低领，露肩的 [French (as DE-, collet ‘collar of a dress’)]

décolleté /deiˈkɒl(ə)tei/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 décolletée)  1 (of a dress etc.) having a low neckline (女服等)露肩的 2 (of a woman) wearing a dress with a low neckline (女人)穿露肩衣服的 ●n.  a low neckline 露肩领 [French (as DÉCOLLETAGE)]

découpage /deiku:ˈpɑ:ʒ/ n.  the decoration of surfaces with paper cut-outs 剪纸装饰(术)，剪贴术 [French, = the action of cutting out]

dégagé /deiˈɡɑ:ʒei/ adj. (fem. dégagée)  relaxed, unconcerned, unconstrained 轻松的，不关心的，无拘束的 [French, past part. of dégager ‘set free’]

déjà vu /deiʒɑ: ˈvu:/ n. (also 亦作 deja vu)  1 Psychol.  an illusory feeling of having already experienced a present situation 【心】记忆幻觉；似曾相识的错觉 2  tedious familiarity 使人讨厌的过分熟悉 [French, = already seen]

démarche /deiˈmɑ:ʃ/ n.  a political step or initiative 对策；手段，步骤；主动性 [French from démarcher ‘take steps’ (as DE-, MARCH1)]

démenti /deiˈmɒ˜ti, 法 demɑ˜ti/ n.  an official denial of a rumour etc. (谣言等)正式否认；辟谣 [French from démentir ‘accuse of lying’]

démodé /deiˈməʊdei, 法 demɔde/ adj.  out of fashion 老式的；不时髦的 [French, past part. of démoder (as DE-, mode ‘fashion’)]

dépaysé /deiˈpeizei, 法 depɛize/ adj. (fem. dépaysée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  removed from one's habitual surroundings 背井离乡的 [French, = removed from one's own country]

déshabillé /dezæˈbi:ei, 法 dezabije/ n. (also 亦作 déshabille /deizæˈbi:l, 法 dezabi/, dishabille /disæˈbi:l/)  a state of being only partly or carelessly clothed 穿着随便；衣不蔽体 [French, = undressed]

détente /deiˈtɑ:nt/ n. (also 亦作 detente)  an easing of strained relations esp. between states (尤指国与国之间的)缓和 [French, = relaxation]

dévot /deiˈvəʊ, 法 devo/ n. (fem. dévote /-ˈvɒt, 法 -vɔt/)  a devotee 虔诚的宗教男(或女)信徒 [French from Old French (as DEVOUT)]

Dɑˊil /dɔil/ n. (in full 全称 Dɑˊil Éireann /ˈɛər(ə)n/)  the lower House of Parliament in the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国国会的下议院 [Irish, = assembly (of Ireland)]

E1 /i:/ n. (also 亦作 e) (pl. Es or E's)  1  the fifth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 5 个字母 2 Mus.  the third note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 3 个音， E 音

E2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 E.)  1  East; Eastern  2  Egyptian  £ E  埃及人；埃及的(埃镑) 3 slang  a  the drug ecstasy [俚语] (服用毒品引起的)愉悦，欣喜；迷幻感b  a tablet of this (一片)迷幻药 4  see 见 E-NUMBER 

E3 symb. Physics  energy [符]【物理学】能，能量  E = mc2 

e symb. [符]  1 Math.  the base of natural logarithms, equal to approx. 2.71828 【数】自然对数的底(约等于 2.71828) 2  used on packaging (in conjunction with specification of weight, size, etc.) to indicate compliance with EEC regulations 商品包装上用来标注该产品符合欧共体标准的符号(与重量、大小等规格一起标注)

e- /i, e/ prefix  form of EX-1 1 before some consonants (用于某些辅音前的)EX-1 释义 1 的变形

ea. abbr. [缩略]  each 

each /i:tʃ/ det. & pron. ●det.  every one of two or more persons or things, regarded and identified separately (两个或两个以上的人或物中的)各个，各自；每  each person  每个人 five in each class  每班 5 个 ●pron.  each person or thing 每一个人或物  each of us  我们每人 have two books each  每人 2 本书 cost a penny each  1 便士一件 □ each and every   every single 每一个；各个 [Old English œˉlc from West Germanic phrase = ever alike, formed as AYE2 + ALIKE]

each other pron.  one another 互相；彼此  they hate each other  他们相互憎恨 they wore each other's hats  他们戴着彼此的帽子

each way adj. & adv. Brit. (of a bet) backing a horse etc. for either a win or a place [英] (赌博)赌马等胜负或名次的(一种下注方式)

eager /ˈi:ɡə/ adj.  1  a  full of keen desire, enthusiastic 渴望的；迫切希望的b (of passions etc.) keen, impatient (指情感等方面)急切的，热切的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  keen, impatient, strongly desirous 渴望；急(热)切于  eager to learn  渴望学习 eager for news  急于得到消息 □ eagerly  adv.  □ eagerness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French egre, Old French aigre ‘keen’, ultimately from Latin acer acris]

eager beaver n. colloq.  an overzealous or extremely diligent person [口]过分热心的人；格外勤奋的人

eagle /ˈi:ɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of various large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, with keen vision and powerful flight 雕(鹰科猛禽，视觉敏锐，飞行能力强)b  a figure of an eagle, esp. as a symbol of the US, or formerly as a Roman or French ensign 鹰的图案，鹰徽；(尤指)象征美国的鹰徽；[旧指]罗马帝国或法兰西王国军旗上的鹰徽 2 Golf  a score of two strokes under par at any hole 【高尔夫球】每洞比标准杆少两杆的得分 3 US  a former gold coin worth ten dollars [美]旧鹰徽金币(面值为 10 美元的金币) ●v. tr. Golf  play (a hole) in two strokes less than par 【高尔夫球】比标准杆少打两杆(入洞) [Middle English via Anglo-French egle, Old French aigle from Latin aquila]

eagle eye n.  keen sight, watchfulness 犀利的目光；敏锐的目光；密切注意(或观察) □ eagle-eyed  adj.  

eagle owl n.  any large owl of the genus Bubo, with long ear-tufts 雕鸮(大型食肉类猛禽，生有长的耳羽束)

eagle ray n.  a large ray (fish) of the family Myliobatidae, with long pointed pectoral fins 鹞鲼(一种体型较大的鲼科海鱼，生有长的刺状胸鳍)

eaglet /ˈi:ɡlit/ n.  a young eagle 小雕；幼雕

eagre /ˈeiɡə, ˈi:-/ n.  = BORE3  [17th c.: origin unknown]

Eamon /ˈeimən/   埃蒙 [人名]

Eamonn /ˈeimən/   埃蒙 [人名]

-ean /ˈi:ən, iən/ suffix var.  of -AN -AN 的变体

ear1 /iə/ n.  1  a  the organ of hearing and balance in humans and vertebrates, esp. the external part of this (人与脊椎动物的听觉和平衡器官)耳朵，(尤指)外耳b  an organ sensitive to sound in other animals (其他动物的)听觉器官 2  the faculty for discriminating sounds 听觉；听力  an ear for music  有音乐鉴赏力 3  an ear-shaped thing, esp. the handle of a jug 耳状物，(尤指)罐子的柄 4  listening, attention 听；注意 □ all ears   listening attentively 全神贯注地听，认真地听□ bring about one's ears   bring down upon oneself 招惹嫉恨□ give ear to   listen to 倾听，听取□ have a person's ear   receive a favourable hearing 得到某人的聆听□ have (or keep) an ear to the ground   be alert to rumours or the trend of opinion 注意谣传或舆论动向□ in one ear and out the other   heard but disregarded or quickly forgotten (对别人的话)不当回事；左耳朵进右耳朵出；很快忘记□ out on one's ear   dismissed ignominiously 不光彩地被解雇，开除；被不客气地赶走□ up to one's ears  (often foll. by 常后跟 in) colloq.  deeply involved or occupied [口]深深卷入，深陷□ eared  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ earless  adj.   [Old English ēare from Germanic: related to Latin auris, Greek ous]

ear2 /iə/ n.  the seed-bearing head of a cereal plant (谷类植物的)穗 [Old English ēar from Germanic, related to Latin acus, acer ‘husk’]

earache /ˈiəreik/ n.  a (usu. prolonged) pain in the ear (通常指持续时间较长的)耳痛，耳疼

earbash /ˈiəbæʃ/ v. tr. esp. Austral. slang  talk inordinately to; harangue [尤澳] [俚语]对…夸夸奇谈；高谈阔论 □ earbasher  n.  □ earbashing  n.  

ear drops n. pl.  1  medicinal drops for the ear 耳药水，滴耳剂 2  hanging earrings 耳环；耳坠子

eardrum /ˈiədrʌm/ n.  the membrane of the middle ear (= TYMPANIC MEMBRANE) 耳膜，鼓膜

earful /ˈiəfʊl/ n. (pl. -fuls) colloq. [口]  1  a copious or prolonged amount of talking 冗长(或滔滔不绝)的讲话 2  a strong reprimand 斥责，申斥

earhole /ˈiəhəʊl/ n.  the orifice of the ear 耳孔，耳朵眼儿

earl /ɜ:l/ n.  a British nobleman ranking between a marquess and a viscount (cf. 参见 COUNT2) (英国的)伯爵(排位在侯爵与子爵之间) □ earldom  n.   [Old English eorl, of unknown origin]

Earl Grey n.  a superior type of tea flavoured with bergamot 带有香柠檬气的上等茶叶

Earl Marshal n. (in the UK) the officer presiding over the College of Heralds, with ceremonial duties on various royal occasions (英国)纹章院主管，(负责主持英国王室各项仪式的)王室典礼大臣

ear lobe n.  the lower soft pendulous external part of the ear 耳垂

Earl Palatine n. hist.  an earl having royal authority within his country or domain [史义]郡主

early /ˈɜ:li/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (earlier, earliest)  1  before the due, usual, or expected time (在规定、通常或约定时间)之前(的)，早于(的)，提前(的)  was early for my appointment  …早于我的约定时间 the train arrived early  提前进站的火车 2  a  not far on in the day or night, or in time 清晨的，傍晚的，初期(的)；及时(的)  early evening  傍晚，黄昏 at the earliest opportunity  一有机会就b  prompt; promptly 即刻；马上  early payment appreciated  请尽早付款 reply early for a reduction  尽早答复，以获减价优惠 3  a  not far on in a period, development, or process of evolution; being the first stage (阶段、进展、发展的)早期，初期，开始阶段  Early English architecture  英国早期建筑 the early Christians  早期的基督徒 early Spring  早春b  of the distant past 古时候的，古代的  early man  远古的人类c  not far on in a sequence or serial order (某系列、序列中)前部分的，前面的  the early chapters  前几章 appears early in the list  列在前面 4  a  of childhood, esp. the pre-school years 儿童时期的，(尤指)学龄前的  early learning  早期教育b (of a piece of writing, music, etc.) immature, youthful (文学、音乐作品等)不成熟的，幼稚的  an early work  早期的作品 5  flowering, ripening, etc., before other varieties (开花期、成熟期等)先于其他品种的；早熟的；花期早的  early peaches  早熟的桃子 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an early fruit or vegetable, esp. potatoes 早熟水果或蔬菜，(尤指)早熟土豆 □ at the earliest  (often placed after a specified time) not before (常放在某一具体时间之后)最早；不早于  will arrive on Monday at the earliest  最早将于星期一到达□ early (or earlier) on   at an early (or earlier) stage 在初期；早先□ earliness  n.   [originally as adv., Old English œˉrlīce, ɑˉrlīce, from œˉr ERE]

early bird n. colloq.  a person who arrives, gets up, etc. early [口]勤勉的人；早到(早起)的人

early closing n. Brit.  the shutting of business premises on the afternoon of one particular day of the week [英] (商店一周中某个下午)提早打烊

early days n. pl. Brit.  early in time for something to happen etc. [英] (对某事来说)为时过早，尚早

early grave n.  an untimely or premature death 早逝；夭折

early hours n. pl.  the very early morning, usu. before dawn 凌晨，大清早(通常指黎明前)

early music n.  medieval, Renaissance, and baroque music, esp. as revived and played on period instruments 早期音乐；中世纪、文艺复兴时期的音乐；巴罗克音乐；(尤指)在古乐器上演奏、再现的音乐 □ early musician  n.  

early night n.  an occasion on which a person goes to bed early 早睡之夜

early retirement n.  retirement from one's occupation before the statutory retirement age, esp. on advantageous financial terms (尤指在优厚条件下的)提前退休

early warning n.  advance warning of a problem or of an imminent (esp. nuclear) attack 预先告戒(或警告)，(对敌人来犯、尤指对核攻击的)预警 often 常作 attrib.: early warning system  预警系统

earmark /ˈiəmɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an identifying mark 辨认标记 2  an owner's mark on the ear of an animal (家畜耳朵上表示其归属的)耳记，标记 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  set aside (money etc.) for a special purpose (为某一特定用途而)存放，指拨(钱款等) 2  mark (sheep etc.) with an identifying mark 给(羊等牲畜)打耳记，做标记

earmuff /ˈiəmʌf/ n.  a wrap or cover for the ears, protecting them from cold, noise, etc. (用来防寒、噪声等的)耳套，耳罩，护耳

earn /ɜ:n/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a (of a person) obtain (income) in the form of money in return for labour or services (通过劳动或服务)挣得，赚得(钱)  earn a weekly wage  (工作)按周付酬 happy to be earning at last  很高兴终于开始赚钱了b (of capital invested) bring in as interest or profit (投资)生息；生利 2  a  deserve; be entitled to; obtain as the reward for hard work or merit 挣得，赢得；(因工作努力或功绩而)获得回报或奖励  have earned a holiday  赢得一次假期 earned our admiration  赢得我们的赞誉 earn one's keep  谋生，挣饭吃b  incur (a reproach, reputation, etc.) 招致(责备)；影响(名誉等) [Old English earnian from West Germanic, related to Germanic roots associated with reaping]

earned income n.  income derived from wages etc. (opp. 反义 UNEARNED INCOME) 工作收入，劳动所得

earner /ˈɜ:nə/ n.  1  a person or thing that earns 挣(或赚)钱的人或物 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : wage earner  工薪阶层，靠工资收入的人 2 Brit. colloq.  a lucrative job or enterprise [英口]收入丰厚的工作或效益高的企业

earnest1 /ˈɜ:nist/ adj. & n. ●adj.  ardently or intensely serious; zealous; not trifling or joking 严肃的；热心的；认真的；非开玩笑的 ●n.  seriousness 严肃，认真 □ in (or in real) earnest   serious(ly), not joking(ly); with determination 认真；严肃，非开玩笑□ earnestly  adv.  □ earnestness  n.   [Old English eornust, eornost]

earnest2 /ˈɜ:nist/ n.  1  money paid as an instalment, esp. to confirm a contract etc. 定金；保证金(尤指为确认一个合同) 2  a token or foretaste 预示，预兆  in earnest of what is to come  从预兆来看… [Middle English ernes, probably via Old French and medieval Latin from Latin arr(h)a ‘pledge’]

earnings /ˈɜ:niŋz/ n. pl.  money earned 收入，薪金，工资；收益；利润

earnings-related adj. (of benefit, a pension, etc.) calculated on the basis of past or present income (福利、退休金等)与收入相关的(即根据过去与现在的收入计算出来的)

EAROM /ˈiərɒm/ n. Computing  electrically alterable read-only memory 【计算】电改写只读存储器 [acronym]

earphone /ˈiəfəʊn/ n.  a device applied to the ear to aid hearing or receive radio or telephone communications 受话器，耳机

earpiece /ˈiəpi:s/ n.  the part of a telephone etc. applied to the ear during use (电话等的)耳机

ear-piercing adj. & n. ●adj.  loud and shrill 响亮的，尖锐刺耳的 ●n.  the piercing of the ears to allow the wearing of earrings (为戴耳环)给耳穿孔，穿耳洞

earplug /ˈiəplʌɡ/ n.  a piece of wax etc. placed in the ear to protect against cold air, water, or noise 耳塞(用蜡等材料制成，用来防止冷空气、水和噪声进入耳部)

earring /ˈiəriŋ/ n.  a piece of jewellery worn in or on (esp. the lobe of) the ear 耳环；耳饰(尤指戴在耳垂处的)

earshot /ˈiəʃɒt/ n.  the distance over which something can be heard (esp. 尤用于 within or out of earshot 在听力所及范围以内或以外) 听力所及的范围，可听距离

ear-splitting adj.  excessively loud 震耳欲聋的，极响的

ear-stopple  see 见 STOPPLE n. 2 

earth /ɜ:θ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (also 亦作 Earth; often prec. by 常前接 the)  one of the planets of the solar system, orbiting about the sun between Venus and Mars; the planet on which we live 地球(太阳系行星之一，位于金星与火星之间)b (prec. by 前接 the)  land and sea, as distinct from sky (相对于天空的)陆地和海洋 2  a  dry land; the ground 大地，土地  fell to earth  摔倒在地上b  soil, clay, mould 土壤；泥土，泥巴c  bodily matter 肉体，躯体  earth to earth  尘世来，尘世去 3 Relig.  the present abode of humankind, as distinct from heaven or hell; the world 【宗】现世；尘世(以区别于天堂或地狱) 4 Brit. Electr.  the connection to the earth as an arbitrary reference voltage in an electrical circuit [英]【电】(电路中)接地 5  the hole of a badger, fox, etc. (獾、狐等动物的)地穴，地洞 6 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  a huge amount; everything [口]一大笔，巨额；全部  cost the earth  非常昂贵，(要)天价 want the earth  野心勃勃 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up) Brit.  cover (the roots and lower stems of plants) with heaped-up earth (up) [英] (为植物的根部或靠近根的茎)培土 2  a tr.  drive (a fox) to its earth 驱赶(狐狸)进洞b intr. (of a fox etc.) run to its earth (狐狸等动物)跑进洞穴，躲入洞穴 3 tr. Brit. Electr.  connect to the earth [英]【电】给…接地 □ come back (or down) to earth   return to realities 回到现实中来□ gone to earth   in hiding 躲藏□ on earth  colloq. [口]  1  existing anywhere 世上，世间  the happiest man on earth  世间最快乐的人 looked like nothing on earth  世上无比的，极不一般的 2  as an intensifier 用来加强语气  what on earth?  究竟，到底□ earthward  adj. & adv.  □ earthwards  adv.   [Old English eorthe, from Germanic]

earthbound /ˈɜ:θbaʊnd/ adj.  1  attached to the earth or earthly things 只限于地(球)上的；世俗的，尘世(间)的 2  moving towards the earth 朝地球移动的

earth closet n. Brit.  a lavatory with dry earth used to cover excreta [英] (以干土覆盖粪便的)厕所，干式厕所

earthen /ˈɜ:θ(ə)n/ adj.  1  made of earth 泥土制的 2  made of baked clay 用烧过的黏土制作的，陶制的

earthenware /ˈɜ:θ(ə)nwɛə/ n. & adj. ●n.  pottery, vessels, etc., made of clay fired to a porous state which can be made impervious to liquids by the use of a glaze (cf. 参见 PORCELAIN, STONEWARE) 陶制品，陶器(窑中烧制，上釉后可不渗漏) ●adj.  made of fired clay 用陶制的，用烧过的黏土制造的 [EARTHEN + WARE1]

earthling /ˈɜ:θliŋ/ n.  an inhabitant of the earth, esp. as regarded in science fiction by aliens 栖息在地球上的人，凡人，(尤指)科幻小说中外星人眼中的地球人

earthly /ˈɜ:θli/ adj.  1  of the earth or human life on earth; terrestrial 地(球)上的；尘世(间)的，世俗的 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  remotely possible or conceivable [口]几乎不可能的；难以想像的  is no earthly use  毫无用处 there wasn't an earthly reason  完全没有什么理由 □ not an earthly  Brit. colloq.  no chance whatever [英口]毫无希望，没有指望□ earthliness  n.  

earthly paradise  see 见 PARADISE 3 

earth mother n.  1 Mythol.  a female spirit or deity symbolizing the earth 【神话】大地母亲(象征大地的女神) 2  a sensual and maternal woman 感情丰富充满母性的妇女

earth mover n.  a vehicle or machine for moving earth 运土机械 □ earth-moving  n.  

earth-nut n.  1  a  any of various plants with an edible roundish tuber, esp. an umbelliferous woodland plant, Conopodium majus 任何生有圆形、可食块茎的植物，(尤指)伞状花科的林地植物b  the tuber of such a plant (这类植物的)块茎，块根 2  the peanut (落)花生

earth-pig n.  = AARDVARK 

earthquake /ˈɜ:θkweik/ n.  1  a convulsion of the earth's crust due to the release of accumulated stress as a result of faults in strata or volcanic action 地震 2  a social etc. disturbance (社会等)动乱，大震荡，动荡

earth sciences n. pl.  the sciences concerned with the earth or part of it, or its atmosphere (e.g. geology, oceanography, meteorology) 地球科学，地学(如地质学、海洋学、气象学)

earth-shattering adj. (also 亦作 earth-shaking) colloq.  having a traumatic or devastating effect. [口]惊天动地的，极为重大的，影响深远的 □ earth-shatteringly  adv.  

earthshine /ˈɜ:θʃain/ n. Astron.  the glow caused by sunlight reflected by the earth, esp. on the darker portion of a crescent moon 【天】地(球反)照，(尤指)反射在新月暗面呈现的微光

earthstar /ˈɜ:θstɑ:/ n.  any woodland fungus of the genus Geastrum, esp. G. triplex, with a spherical spore-containing fruit body surrounded by a fleshy star-shaped structure 量湿地星(一种林地真菌类植物)

earth tremor  see 见 TREMOR n. 3 

earthwork /ˈɜ:θwɜ:k/ n.  1  an embankment, fortification, etc., made of earth (堤防、工事等)土木工程 2  the process of excavating soil in civil engineering work 挖土方

earthworm /ˈɜ:θwɜ:m/ n.  any of various annelid worms, esp. of the genus Lumbricus or Allolobophora, living and burrowing in the ground 蚯蚓，地龙

earthy /ˈɜ:θi/ adj. (earthier, earthiest)  1  of or like earth or soil 泥土的，泥土似的 2  somewhat coarse or crude; unrefined 粗糙的，粗陋的；粗俗的；未加工的  earthy humour  粗俗的笑话 □ earthily  adv.  □ earthiness  n.  

ear-trumpet n.  a trumpet-shaped device formerly used as a hearing aid (号角状)助听装置

earwax /ˈiəwæks/ n.  a yellow waxy secretion produced by the ear Also called 亦称作 cerumen 耳屎，耳垢

earwig /ˈiəwiɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any small elongate insect of the order Dermaptera, with a pair of terminal appendages in the shape of forceps 蠼螋 2 US  a small centipede [美]地蜈蚣(一种小蜈蚣) ●v. tr. (earwigged, earwigging) archaic  influence (a person) by secret communication [古义]暗地挑拨；私下怂恿 [Old English ēarwicga, from ēare EAR1 + wicga ‘earwig’, probably related to wiggle: the earwig was once thought to crawl into the human ear]

ease /i:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  absence of difficulty; facility, effortlessness 不费气力，轻松；悠闲  did it with ease  完成得很轻松 2  a  freedom or relief from pain, anxiety, or trouble 轻松，自在；无忧无虑b  freedom from embarrassment or awkwardness 自然，随意c  freedom or relief from constraint or formality 自由，不受拘束，不拘谨 ●v.  1 tr.  relieve from pain or anxiety etc. 使轻松，使放心 often foll. by 常后跟 of: eased my mind  让我宽心，使我心情放松 eased me of the burden  使我如释重负 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, up)  a  become less painful or burdensome 减轻痛苦；畅快；释然b  relax; begin to take it easy 放松，安心c  slow down; moderate one's behaviour, habits, etc. (做事)平和；悠然，(行为举止等)和缓 3 tr. joc.  rob or extract money etc. from [诙]从…抢钱或敛钱(等)  let me ease you of your loose change  把你那些零钱全给我 4 intr. Meteorol.  become less severe 【气】(风等)减弱，减缓  the wind will ease tonight  今夜风势将会减弱 5  a tr.  relax; slacken; make a less tight fit 松弛；松开；松绑b tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, into, etc.)  move or be moved carefully into place 小心地移入或被放入  eased it into the hole  把它小心地置于洞中 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off) Stock Exch. (of shares etc.) descend in price or value 【股】股价(或股值)下跌 □ at ease   1  free from anxiety or constraint 自在，不紧张，放松 2 Mil.  a  in a relaxed attitude while on parade, with the feet apart 【军】稍息(列队时两脚分开站立)b  the order to stand in this way 稍息的口令□ at one's ease   free from embarrassment, awkwardness, or undue formality 随意；随便，无拘无束□ ease away (or down or off)  Naut.  slacken (a rope, sail, etc.) 【海】松开，解开(缆绳、帆等)□ easer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French ese, Old French eise, ultimately from Latin adjacens ADJACENT]

easeful /ˈi:zfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  that gives ease, comfort, or relief; soothing 轻松的，宽慰的；安闲的

easel /ˈi:z(ə)l/ n.  1  a standing frame, usu. of wood, for supporting an artist's work, a blackboard, etc. 画架；黑板架 2  an artist's work collectively 艺术家作品(统称) [Dutch ezel = German Esel ASS1: cf. HORSE n.]

easement /ˈi:zm(ə)nt/ n. Law  a right of way or a similar right over another's land 【法律】通道权；地役权 [Middle English from Old French aisement]

easily /ˈi:zili/ adv.  1  without difficulty 容易地，不费劲地 2  by far 很，非常，极为  easily the best  极为出色的 3  very probably 很可能，非常可能  it could easily snow  很可能会下雪

east /i:st/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  a  the point of the horizon where the sun rises at the equinoxes (cardinal point 90° to the right of north) 东，东方，东部(由正北右转 90 度角的方位)b  the compass point corresponding to this 东(罗盘上标志东方的方位点)c  the direction in which this lies 东部方向，朝东方向 2 (usu. 通常作 the East)  a Brit.  the regions or countries lying to the east of Europe [英]欧洲以东的地区与国家b hist.  the former Communist states of eastern Europe [史义]前东欧的共产党国家 3  the eastern part of a country, town, etc. (国家或城市等的)东部，东区 4 (作 East) Bridge  a player occupying the position designated ‘east’ 【桥牌】坐在确定为东首位置的人 ●adj.  1  towards, at, near, or facing east 向东的，东边(或东部)的，在东方的，临东的，朝东的 2  coming from the east 从东边来的  east wind  东风 ●adv.  1  towards, at, or near the east 朝东，向东，临东 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  further east than 更东边地 □ to the east  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  in an easterly direction 在…(之)东 [Old English ēast- from Germanic, related to Latin aurora ‘dawn’]

eastbound /ˈi:stbaʊnd/ adj.  travelling or leading eastwards 朝东的，向东行驶的

East China Sea n.  东海

East End n.  the part of London east of the City as far as the River Lea 伦敦东区(最远至利河) □ East Ender  n.  

Easter /ˈi:stə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Easter Day or Easter Sunday)  the festival (held on a variable Sunday in March or April) commemorating Christ's resurrection 复活节(每年 3 月或 4 月的某个星期日，纪念耶稣复活的节日) 2  the season in which this occurs, esp. the weekend from Good Friday to Easter Monday 复活节时节，复活节期间，(尤指)复活节那一周的整个周末(星期五至下周一) [Old English ēastre, apparently from Ēostre, the name of a goddess associated with spring, from Germanic]

Easter egg n.  an artificial usu. chocolate egg given at Easter, esp. to children 复活节彩蛋(通常为巧克力制的人工蛋，尤指分给孩子们的彩蛋)

easterly /ˈi:stəli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  in an eastern position or direction (在)东部，东方，东面(的)；向东(的) 2 (of a wind) blowing from the east (风)从东边吹来的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a wind blowing from the east 东风

eastern /ˈi:st(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or in the east; inhabiting the east 东方的，东部的，在东面的 2  lying or directed towards the east 位于东部的；朝东的 3 (作 Eastern)  of or in the Far, Middle, or Near East 远东的，中东或近东的 □ easternmost  adj.   [Old English ēasterne (as EAST, -ERN)]

Eastern Church n.  any of the Christian Churches originating in eastern Europe and the Middle East, esp. (in full 全称 Eastern Orthodox Church) the Orthodox Church (源于东欧和中东的)基督教堂；(尤指)东正教教堂

easterner /ˈi:stənə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of the east 东方人；居住在东方(或部)的人

eastern hemisphere n.  the half of the earth containing Europe, Asia, and Africa 东半球(包括欧洲、亚洲和非洲)

Eastern Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Eastern Time)  1  the standard time in a zone including the eastern US and parts of Canada, five hours behind GMT 东部(标准)时间(包括美国东部与加拿大部分地区，较格林尼治标准时间晚 5 个小时) 2  the standard time in a zone including eastern Australia, ten hours ahead of GMT (包括澳大利亚东部在内的时区的)东部标准时间(较格林尼治时间早 10 个小时)

Eastertide /ˈi:stətaid/ n.  the period including Easter 复活节季节(指包括复活节在内的那段时间)

Easter week n.  the week beginning on Easter Sunday 复活节周(从复活节星期日开始的一周)

East Germanic n. & adj. ●n.  the extinct eastern group of Germanic languages, including Gothic (已消亡的)东日尔曼语(包括哥特语) ●adj.  of or relating to this group 东日尔曼语的

East Indiaman n. hist.  a large ship engaged in trade with the East Indies [史义]东印度贸易船(与东印度群岛进行贸易的大商船)

East Indies n. pl.  the islands etc. east of India, esp. the Malay archipelago 东印度群岛(印度以东的群岛，尤指马来群岛)

easting /ˈi:stiŋ/ n. Naut.  etc. the distance travelled or the angle of longitude measured eastward from either a defined north-south grid line or a meridian 【海】东距；东向航程(从南北子午线任意一点向东跨越的距离或夹角)

east-north-east n.  the direction or compass point midway between east and north-east 东东北(罗盘上东部方位与东北方位之间的方位)

east-south-east n.  the direction or compass point midway between east and south-east 东东南(罗盘上东部方位与东南方位之间的方位)

East Timor /ˌi:stˈti:mɔ:(r)/ n.  东帝汶 [亚洲]

eastward /ˈi:stwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (also 亦作 eastwards)  towards the east 朝东(的)，向东(的) ●n.  an eastward direction or region 朝东的方向或地区 □ eastwardly  adj. & adv.  

East-West attrib. adj.  of or relating to countries of the East and the West 东西方(国家)的  East-West relations  东西方关系

easy /ˈi:zi/ adj., adv. & int. ●adj. (easier, easiest)  1  not difficult; achieved without great effort 容易的，不费劲的 2  a  free from pain, discomfort, anxiety, etc. 轻松的，舒畅的，无忧无虑的b  comfortably off, affluent 舒适的；富裕的；安逸的  easy circumstances  舒适的环境 3  free from embarrassment, awkwardness, constraint, etc.; relaxed and pleasant 随意的，轻松的，松弛的；舒畅的  an easy manner  轻松、潇洒的举止 4  compliant, obliging; easily persuaded 温顺的；与人方便的，易说服的  an easy touch  易被说服的人 5 Stock Exch. (of goods, money on loan, etc.) not much in demand 【股】(商品、贷款等)需求量不大的，不抢手的 ●adv. (easier, easiest)  with ease; in an effortless or relaxed manner 悠闲自如地，潇洒轻松地 ●int.  go carefully; move gently 小心翼翼地行走，慢慢移动 □ easy as pie   see 见 PIE1 □ easy come easy go  colloq.  what is easily got is soon lost or spent [口]来得容易，去得也快□ easy does it  colloq.  go carefully [口]慢慢地走；小心地走□ easy of access   easily entered or approached 很容易进入或接近□ easy on the eye (or ear etc.)  colloq.  pleasant to look at (or listen to etc.) [口]赏心悦目的；悦耳动听的□ go easy  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, on)  be sparing or cautious 节俭的；小心谨慎□ I'm easy  colloq.  I have no preference [口]我很随和，不挑剔什么□ of easy virtue  (of a woman) sexually promiscuous (指女人)性关系混乱的；水性杨花的□ stand easy!  Brit. Mil.  permission to a squad standing at ease to relax their attitude further [英]【军】(口令)休息！ (比稍息更自由，更随便些)□ take it easy   1  proceed gently or carefully 别紧张，从容不迫地去做 2  relax; avoid overwork 休息一下，别过于劳累□ easiness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French aisé, Old French aisié, past part. of aisier EASE]

easy chair n.  a large comfortable chair, usu. an armchair 安乐椅(通常指扶手椅)

easygoing /i:ziˈɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  1  placid and tolerant; relaxed in manner; accepting things as they are 脾气随和的，随遇而安的 2 (of a horse) having an easy gait (马)步法平稳轻松的

easy money n.  money got without effort (esp. of dubious legality) 不费力气得来的钱(尤指怀疑是非法获得的钱财)

easy-peasy /i:ziˈpi:zi/ adj. Brit. slang  very simple [英] [俚语]非常简单，太容易了 [reduplication of EASY]

Easy Street n. colloq.  affluence [口]富裕，富足

easy terms n. pl.  payment by instalments 分期付款

easy touch n. slang  a gullible person, esp. one easily induced to part with money [俚语]容易受骗的人，(尤指)易被诱使掏腰包的人

eat /i:t/ v. (past ate /et, eit/; past part. eaten /ˈi:t(ə)n/)  1  a tr.  take into the mouth, chew, and swallow (food) 吃，咀嚼；吞咽(食物)b intr.  consume food; take a meal 吃饭，就餐c tr.  devour 咬，吞噬  eaten by a lion  被狮子吞噬 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 (away) at, into)  a  destroy gradually, esp. by corrosion, erosion, disease, etc. 逐渐毁掉，耗尽；毁坏(尤指因风化、侵蚀、疾病等所致)b  begin to consume or diminish (resources etc.) 开始消耗，耗尽(资源等) 3 tr. colloq.  trouble, vex [口]麻烦事，烦扰  what's eating you?  什么事使你烦心？ □ eat dirt   see 见 DIRT □ eat one's hat  colloq.  admit one's surprise in being wrong (only as a proposition unlikely to be fulfilled) [口]对自身犯错误表示惊异时的用语(只作为一种誓言、诅咒而无须兑现): said he would eat his hat 他说要是他…的话，就砍他的头□ eat one's heart out   suffer from excessive longing or envy 苦苦向往，极度渴望；非常羡慕□ eat humble pie   see 见 HUMBLE □ eat out   have a meal away from home, esp. in a restaurant 上饭馆，下馆子，出去吃，(尤指)在餐馆里就餐□ eat out of a person's hand   be entirely submissive to a person 完全听从于某人，完全受某人支配□ eat salt with   see 见 SALT □ eat up   1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  eat or consume completely 吃光，吃完；耗尽 2  use or deal with rapidly or wastefully 很快用完，处理完；挥霍掉  eats up petrol  把汽油用尽 eats up the miles  迅速驶完 3  encroach upon or annex 侵占，占取  eating up the neighbouring states  蚕食，侵占周边国家(领土) 4  absorb, preoccupy 吞没；困扰；缠住；充满  eaten up with pride  骄傲得不行，骄傲之极□ eat one's words   admit that one was wrong 承认错误，收回讲过的话 [Old English etan, from Germanic]

eatable /ˈi:təb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that is in a condition to be eaten (cf. 参见 EDIBLE) 可食用的，可吃的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  food 食物，食品

eater /ˈi:tə/ n.  1  a person who eats 食客，用餐者  a big eater  饭量大的人 2 Brit.  an eating apple etc. [英]生食的苹果(区别于烹饪用的果品)

eatery /ˈi:təri/ n. esp. N. Amer. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a restaurant or eating place [尤北美口]饭馆，餐厅；用餐场所

eating /ˈi:tiŋ/ adj.  1  suitable for eating 适合食用的，适合生食的  eating apple  生食的苹果 2  used for eating 进餐用的  eating house  餐馆，饮食店，饭馆 3  of or relating to the process of eating 与吃有关的，与进餐有关的  eating habits  饮食习惯，进餐习惯 eating disorders  饮食失调

eats /i:ts/ n. pl. colloq.  food [口]食物，食品

eau de Cologne /əʊ də kəˈləʊn/ n.  an alcohol-based perfume of a kind made originally at Cologne 古龙(或科隆)香水(一种以酒精为基料的香水，始产于法国科隆) [French, literally ‘water of Cologne’]

eau-de-Nil /əʊdəˈni:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pale greenish colour 浅绿色，淡绿色 ●adj.  of this colour 淡绿色的，浅绿色的 [French, literally ‘water of the Nile’ (from the supposed resemblance)]

eau-de-vie /əʊdəˈvi:/ n.  spirits, esp. brandy 白酒，(尤指)白兰地(酒) [French, literally ‘water of life’]

eaves /i:vz/ n. pl.  the underside of a projecting roof 屋檐 [originally sing., from Old English efes: probably related to OVER]

eavesdrop /ˈi:vzdrɒp/ v. intr. (-dropped, -dropping)  listen secretly to a private conversation 偷听，窃听(私人谈话) □ eavesdropper  n.   [from an earlier noun eavesdrop ‘the ground on to which water drips from the eaves’, probably from Old Norse upsardropi; eavesdropper originally ‘a person who listens by the wall (in the eavesdrop)’: the modern verb by back-formation from eavesdropper]

ebb /eb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the movement of the tide out to sea 落潮，退潮 also 亦作 attrib.: ebb tide  落潮 2  the process of draining away of flood-water etc. (洪水等)回落，退去 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  1 (of tidewater) flow out to sea; recede; drain away (潮水)退落；低落，退去 2  decline; run low 衰落；行将用尽  his life was ebbing away  他的生命正在耗尽 □ at a low ebb   in a poor condition or state of decline 处于低潮，潦倒，衰退□ ebb and flow   a continuing process of decline and upturn in circumstances 盛衰，消长，起伏□ on the ebb   in decline 正在衰退，走下坡路 [Old English ebba, ebbian]

ebonite /ˈebənait/ n.  = VULCANITE  [EBONY + -ITE1]

ebony /ˈeb(ə)ni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a heavy hard dark wood used for furniture 乌木(用于制造家具的硬黑木) 2  any of various tropical trees of the genus Diospyros producing this 乌木树(热带柿属乔木) ●adj.  1  made of ebony 乌木制的 2  black like ebony 黑如乌木的；漆黑发亮的 [ultimately from Latin ebenus, Greek ebenos ‘ebony tree’, perhaps on the pattern of ivory]

ebullient /iˈbʌljənt, -ˈbʊl-/ adj.  1  exuberant, high-spirited 奔放的，洋溢的，情绪高昂的 2 Chem.  boiling 【化】沸腾的 □ ebullience  n.  □ ebulliency  n.  □ ebulliently  adv.   [Latin ebullire ebullient- ‘bubble out’ (as E-, bullire ‘boil’)]

EC abbr. [缩略]  1  East Central (London postal district) 伦敦东区中央邮(政)区 2  executive committee 执行委员会 3  a  European Community 欧共体(欧洲共同体)b  European Commission 欧洲委员会■Usage 用法说明 The term EC meaning ‘European Community’ was replaced by EU ‘European Union’ in November 1993. 表示欧共体的缩写“ EC ”于 1993 年 11 月由缩写“ EU ” (European Union 欧洲联盟)取代。 

ecad /ˈi:kæd/ n. Ecol.  an organism modified by its environment 【态】适应(环境)型(生物) [Greek oikos ‘house’ + -AD1]

Ecce Homo /ekei ˈhɒməʊ, ˈhəʊməʊ/ n. Art (in Renaissance painting) a depiction of Christ wearing the crown of thorns 【艺术】戴荆冠的耶稣画像(见于文艺复兴时期的绘画) [Latin, = ‘behold the man’, the words of Pilate to the Jews after the crowning with thorns (John 19:5)]

eccentric /ikˈsentrik, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  odd or capricious in behaviour or appearance; whimsical (行为、举止、装扮)古怪的，怪诞的 2 (also 亦作 excentric)  a  not placed, not having its axis etc. placed centrally (cf. 参见 CONCENTRIC) 偏心的，轴心不在正中的b (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a circle) not concentric (with another) (圆)不同心的c (of an orbit) not circular (天体运行轨道)非圆形的，非正圆的 ●n.  1  an eccentric person 古怪的人，怪诞的人 2 (also 亦作 excentric) Mech.  an eccentric contrivance for changing rotatory into backward-and-forward motion, e.g. the cam used in an internal-combustion engine 【机】偏心轮(可将圆周运动转换为往复运动，如内燃机中的凸轮轴) □ eccentrically  adv.  □ eccentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Late Latin eccentricus from Greek ekkentros, from ek ‘out of’ + kentros CENTRE]

ecchymosis /ekiˈməʊsis/ n. (pl. ecchymoses /-si:z/) Med.  an area of discoloration due to bleeding under the skin 【医】(由于皮下出血造成的)淤斑，出血斑 [modern Latin from Greek ekkhumōsis ‘escape of blood’]

Eccles. abbr.  Ecclesiastes (Old Testament) [缩略] 《传道书》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

Eccles cake /ˈek(ə)lz/ n. Brit.  a round flat cake made of pastry filled with currants etc. [英]一种以葡萄干等做馅的小圆饼 [Eccles, a town in N. England]

ecclesial /iˈkli:zj(ə)l/ adj.  = ECCLESIASTICAL  [Greek ekklesia ‘assembly, church’ via ekklētos ‘summoned out’ from ek ‘out’ + kaleō ‘call’]

ecclesiastic /iˌkli:ziˈæstik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a priest or clergyman (基督教的)牧师，(天主教的)神职人员 ●adj.  = ECCLESIASTICAL  □ ecclesiasticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [French ecclésiastique or Late Latin ecclesiasticus from Greek ekklēsiastikos, from ekklēsia ‘assembly, church’: see ECCLESIAL]

ecclesiastical /iˌkli:ziˈæstik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the Church or the clergy 教会的，教堂的 □ ecclesiastically  adv.  

ecclesiology /iˌkli:ziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of churches, esp. church building and decoration 教会学；(尤指)教堂建筑学和教堂装饰学 2  theology as applied to the nature and structure of the Christian Church 教会方针(有关基督教会本性与组织结构的神学理论) □ ecclesiological  /-ziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ecclesiologist  n.   [Greek ekklēsia ‘assembly, church’ (see ECCLESIAL) + -LOGY]

Ecclus. abbr.  Ecclesiasticus (Apocrypha) [缩略] (杜埃版《圣经》中的)《便西拉智训》

eccrine /ˈekrain, -krin/ adj. (of a gland, e.g. a sweat gland) secreting without loss of cell material (腺体，如汗腺)外分泌的 [Greek ek ‘out of’ + krinō ‘sift’]

ecdysis /ˈekdisis, ekˈdaisis/ n.  the action of casting off skin or shedding an exoskeleton etc. (动物的)蜕皮；换羽 [modern Latin from Greek ekdusis, from ekduō ‘put off’]

ECG abbr. [缩略]  electrocardiogram 

echelon /ˈeʃəlɒn, ˈeiʃ-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a level or rank in an organization, in society, etc.; those occupying it (组织、社会中的)等级；梯队；阶层 often in pl. 常用复数 : the upper echelons  上级，高层 2 Mil.  a formation of troops, ships, aircraft, etc., in parallel rows with the end of each row projecting further than the one in front 【军】(部队、舰船、飞机等排列的)梯形队形，梯队，梯次配置  in echelon  成梯队的，梯次配置的 ●v. tr.  arrange in an echelon 列成梯队，使成梯次配置 [French échelon from échelle ‘ladder’, from Latin scala]

echeveria /etʃiˈviəriə/ n.  any succulent plant of the genus Echeveria, native to Central and S. America 拟石莲花属植物(产于中南美洲) [named after M. Echeveri, 19th-c. Mexican botanical illustrator Echeveri]

echidna /iˈkidnə/ n.  an egg-laying insectivorous mammal of the genus Tachyglossus or Zaglossus, native to Australia and New Guinea, with a covering of spines, a long snout, and long claws Also called 亦称作 spiny anteater 针鼹(一种卵胎生食蚁兽，产于澳大利亚与新几内亚) [modern Latin, from Greek ekhidna ‘viper’]

echinoderm /iˈkainə(ʊ)dɜ:m, ˈekin-/ n.  any marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfishes, sea urchins, brittle-stars, crinoids, and sea cucumbers, typically having five-fold symmetry, a calcareous skeleton, and tube feet operated by water pressure 棘皮动物(海洋中的无脊椎动物，包括海星、海胆、海蛇尾、海百合、海参等，其特征为五辐对称结构，石灰质骨胳和由水压驱动的管足) [ECHINUS + Greek derma -atos ‘skin’]

echinoid /ˈekinɔid/ n.  a sea urchin 海胆

echinus /iˈkainəs/ n.  1  any sea urchin of the genus Echinus, including the common European edible urchin, E. esculentus 海胆类动物；刺海胆(包括常见的欧洲可食用海胆) 2 Archit.  a rounded moulding below an abacus on a Doric or Ionic capital 【建】多立斯式或伊奥尼亚式柱头下的钟形装饰(线条) [Middle English via Latin from Greek ekhinos ‘hedgehog, sea urchin’]

echo /ˈekəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  the repetition of a sound by the reflection of sound waves 回声，回音；反响b  the secondary sound produced 共鸣声 2  a reflected radio or radar beam 无线电台或雷达的反射波，回波 3  a close imitation or repetition of something already done (对已做过的东西的)仿效；重复 4  a person who slavishly repeats the words or opinions of another 应声虫，附和者 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  circumstances or events reminiscent of or remotely connected with earlier ones 使回忆起旧物或与之依稀联系的环境或事件 6 Bridge  etc. a conventional mode of play to show the number of cards held in the suit led etc. 【桥牌】打回应牌(一种约定打法，显示所出花色的张数) ●v. (-oes, -oed)  1 intr.  a (of a place) resound with an echo (场地)产生回音，有回声b (of a sound) be repeated; resound (声音)回荡，回响 2 tr.  repeat (a sound) by an echo 发出(…的)回声 3 tr.  a  repeat (another's words) 重复他人话语或言词b  imitate the words, opinions, or actions of (a person) 模仿(他人的)言语、思想或行为 □ echoer  n.  □ echoless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French or Latin from Greek ēkhō, related to ēkhē ‘a sound’]

echocardiogram /ekəʊˈkɑ:diəɡræm/ n. Med.  a record produced by echocardiography 【医】超声心动图，心回波图

echocardiography /ˌekəʊkɑ:diˈɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  the use of ultrasound waves to investigate the action of the heart 【医】超声心动技术，心回波描记术 □ echocardiograph  /ekəʊˈkɑ:diəɡrɑ:f/ n.  □ echocardiographer  n.  

echo chamber n.  an enclosure with sound-reflecting walls 回声室

echoencephalogram /ˌekəʊenˈsef(ə)lə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n. Med.  a record produced by echoencephalography 【医】脑回波图

echoencephalography /ˌekəʊensefəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  the use of ultrasound waves to investigate intracranial structures 【医】脑回波描记术

echoey /ˈekəʊi/ adj.  of or like an echo; resounding with echoes 像回声的，回荡的，共鸣的

echogram /ˈekəʊɡræm/ n.  a record made by an echo sounder 超声回波图

echograph /ˈekəʊɡrɑ:f/ n.  a device for automatically recording echograms 回声自动记录仪

echoic /eˈkəʊik/ adj. (of a word) imitating the sound it represents; onomatopoeic (词语)拟声的，拟音的 □ echoically  adv.  

echoism /ˈekəʊiz(ə)m/ n.  = ONOMATOPOEIA 

echolalia /ekəʊˈleiliə/ n.  1  the meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words 无意义的学舌，模仿言语 2  the repetition of speech by a child learning to talk (儿童学话时的)言语重复，牙牙学语 [modern Latin, from Greek ēkhō ‘echo’ + lalia ‘talk’]

echolocation /ˈekə(ʊ)lə(ʊ)ˌkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the location of objects by reflected sound, esp. ultrasound 回声定位(通过反射声波测定的物体位置)，(尤指)超声波定位

echo sounder n.  a sounding apparatus for determining the depth of the sea beneath a ship by measuring the time taken for an echo to be received 声呐；回波探测仪 □ echo-sounding  n. (often 常作 attrib.)  

echo verse n.  a verse form in which a line repeats the last syllables of the previous line 回韵诗(每行与上一行末尾音节押韵的诗)

echovirus /ˈekəʊvairəs/ n. (also 亦作 ECHO virus)  any of a group of enteroviruses sometimes causing mild meningitis, encephalitis, etc. 艾柯病毒，人肠道孤病毒 [from enteric cytopathogenic human orphan (because not originally assignable to any known disease) + VIRUS]

echt /ext, 德 eçt/ adj.  authentic, genuine, typical 真实的，真正的；典型的 [German]

eclampsia /iˈklæm(p)siə/ n.  a condition involving convulsions leading to coma, occurring esp. in pregnant women 惊厥；子痫，(尤指)孕妇子痫 □ eclamptic  adj.   [modern Latin via French eclampsie from Greek eklampsis ‘sudden development’, from eklampō ‘shine forth’]

eclectic /iˈklektik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  deriving ideas, tastes, style, etc., from various sources (主意、兴趣、风格等)多方汲取的，从多方面获取的 2 Philos. & Art  selecting one's beliefs etc. from various sources; attached to no particular school of philosophy 【哲】【艺术】(信仰等)兼收并蓄的，不拘一格的，不依附于某一哲学流派的 ●n.  1  an eclectic person 兼收并蓄者 2  a person who subscribes to an eclectic school of thought 赞成兼收并蓄学说的人，折中主义者 □ eclectically  adv.  □ eclecticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek eklektikos from eklegō ‘pick out’]

eclipse /iˈklips/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination 食(月食、日食等天文现象) 2  a deprivation of light or the period of this 晦暗，光线被遮暗的时刻 3  a rapid or sudden loss of importance or prominence, esp. in relation to another or a newly arrived person or thing 黯然失色，(声誉、地位等)突然暗淡(尤指由于另一新人或新事物的出现而造成的失色或暗淡) 4 Zool.  a phase during which a bird's distinctive markings are obscured by moulting of the breeding plumage 【动】(鸟类因换羽而造成的)羽毛色彩暗淡的时期 ●v. tr.  1 (of a celestial body) obscure the light from or to (another) (指天体)遮掩(其他天体发出的或向其投射的)光 2  intercept (light, esp. of a lighthouse) 一明一暗的变化，遮暗间歇(指光线，尤指灯塔上的光) 3  deprive of prominence or importance; outshine, surpass 使失去光彩或重要性，使失色，超越 □ in eclipse   1  surpassed; in decline 被超越；逐渐衰退；失势 2 (of a bird) having lost its breeding plumage (鸟类)失去繁殖季节的羽毛 [Middle English via Old French and Latin from Greek ekleipsis, from ekleipō ‘fail to appear, be eclipsed’, from leipō ‘leave’]

eclipsing binary n.  a binary star whose brightness varies periodically as the two components pass one in front of the other 食双星，食变星(一种双星天体，一颗星的亮度会因另一颗星的遮掩发生周期性的变化)

ecliptic /iˈkliptik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the sun's apparent path among the stars during the year 黄道 ●adj.  of an eclipse or the ecliptic 黄道的；(日、月等)食的 [Middle English via Latin from Greek ekleiptikos (as ECLIPSE)]

eclogue /ˈeklɒɡ/ n.  a short poem, esp. a pastoral dialogue 牧歌，(尤指)对话式的田园诗 [Latin ecloga from Greek eklogē ‘selection’, from eklegō ‘pick out’]

eclosion /iˈkləʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg (昆虫的)羽化；孵化 [French éclosion from éclore ‘hatch’ (as EX-1, Latin claudere ‘to close’)]

eco- /ˈi:kəʊ, ˈekəʊ/ comb. form  ecology, ecological [构词成分]生态学；生态的

ecocide /ˈi:kə(ʊ)said/ n.  destruction of the natural environment 生态毁灭，生态灭绝 [ECO- + -CIDE]

ecoclimate /ˈi:kəʊklaimət/ n.  climate considered as an ecological factor 生态气候

eco-friendly /i:kəʊˈfren(d)li/ adj.  not harmful to the environment 生态友好的，对生态有益的

eco-label /ˈi:kəʊleib(ə)l/ n.  a label identifying manufactured products that satisfy certain environmental conditions 生态产品标记，环保产品标识 □ eco-labelling  n.  

ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi, e-/ n.  1  the branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings 生态学，环境生物学 2 (in full 全称 human ecology)  the study of the interaction of people with their environment 人类生态学(研究人与自然环境相互作用的学科) □ ecological  /i:kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  □ ecologically  /i:kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li, ek-/ adv.  □ ecologist  n.   [German Ökologie, from Greek oikos ‘house’]

Econ. abbr. [缩略]  Economics 

econometrics /iˌkɒnəˈmetriks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a branch of economics concerned with the application of mathematical economics to economic data by the use of statistics 计量经济学 □ econometric  adj.  □ econometrical  adj.  □ econometrician  /-məˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ econometrist  n.   [ECONOMY + -METRIC]

economic /i:kəˈnɒmik, ek-/ adj.  1  of or relating to economics 经济(上)的，经济学的 2  maintained for profit; on a business footing 为获利而保持的，出于经济利益的 3  adequate to repay or recoup expenditure with some profit 合算的，有利可图的，有赚头的  not economic to run buses on Sunday  星期日运营公共汽车不合算 an economic rent  合算的租金 4  practical; considered or studied with regard to human needs 实用的，有关国计民生的  economic geography  经济地理 □ economically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French economique or Latin oeconomicus from Greek oikonomikos (as ECONOMY)]

economical /i:kəˈnɒmik(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  sparing in the use of resources; avoiding waste 经济的；节省的，节俭的，节约的 □ economically  adv.  

economics /i:kəˈnɒmiks, ek-/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  a  the science of the production and distribution of wealth 经济学b  the application of this to a particular subject (部门)经济学  the economics of publishing  出版经济学 2  the condition of a country etc. as regards material prosperity (国家等的)经济状况；经济意义

economies of scale n. pl.  proportionate savings gained by using larger quantities 规模经济学

economist /iˈkɒnəmist/ n.  1  an expert in or student of economics 经济学家；修读经济学的学生 2  a person who manages financial or economic matters 经济师 [Greek oikonomos (as ECONOMY) + -IST]

economize /iˈkɒnəmaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  be economical; make economies; reduce expenditure 使经济，使合算；降低…的费用 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  use sparingly; spend less on 节俭使用，少花费，少开销 □ economization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ economizer  n.  

economy /iˈkɒnəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the wealth and resources of a community, esp. in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services 经济(一个社区的财富和资源，尤指通过商品和服务的生产、消费体现出来的经济情况)b  a particular kind of this 某一类型的经济  a capitalist economy  资本主义经济c  the administration or condition of an economy 经济管理；经济状况 2  a  the careful management of (esp. financial) resources; frugality (尤指财政方面)节约(资源等)，节省b (often in pl. 常用复数)  an instance of this 节约，节省  made many economies  作了很多节约 3  sparing or careful use 节省；简练；精练  economy of language  语言精练 4 (also 亦作 economy class)  the cheapest class of air travel (客机上最便宜的)经济舱，二等舱 5 (also 亦作 economy-size) (作 attrib.) (of goods) consisting of a large quantity for a proportionally lower cost (指商品)经济包装的，整包的，整箱的，批量的(比一般包装大，价格相对低廉) [French économie or Latin oeconomia from Greek oikonomia ‘household management’, from oikos ‘house’ + nemō ‘manage’]

ecosphere /ˈi:kəʊsfiə/ n.  1  the region of space including planets where conditions are such that living things can exist 生物圈(宇宙中包括星球等适合生命生存的区域)；生态圈(或层) 2  = BIOSPHERE 

ecosystem /ˈi:kəʊsistəm/ n.  a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment 生态系统

eco-terrorism /i:kəʊˈterəriz(ə)m/ n.  violence carried out to further environmentalist ends 生态恐怖主义(指环保分子使用暴力手段来达到自己的目的) □ eco-terrorist  n.  

ecotourism /i:kəʊˈtʊəriz(ə)m/ n.  tourism directed towards exotic, often threatened, natural environments, esp. intended to support conservation efforts 生态旅游(尤指为支持环保而组织的旅游) □ ecotourist  n.  

ecotype /ˈi:kəʊtaip/ n. Biol.  a distinct form of a species occupying a particular habitat 【生】生态型

ecru /ˈeikru:, eˈkru:/ n. & adj. ●n.  the colour of unbleached linen; light fawn 未漂白的亚麻色，浅褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 浅褐色的，亚麻色的 [French écru ‘unbleached’]

ecstasize /ˈekstəsaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  throw or go into ecstasies (使)狂喜，(使)心醉神迷

ecstasy /ˈekstəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an overwhelming feeling of joy or rapture 狂喜，心花怒放 2 Psychol.  an emotional or religious frenzy or trance-like state 【心】出神，狂喜的样子，恍惚的状态 3 (usu. 通常作 Ecstasy) slang  methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a powerful stimulant and hallucinatory drug (see 见 MDMA) [俚语]迷魂药，摇头丸，亚甲基二氧甲基麻黄碱 [Middle English via Old French extasie and Late Latin extasis from Greek ekstasis ‘standing outside oneself’, from ek ‘out’ + histēmi ‘to place’]

ecstatic /ikˈstætik, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in a state of ecstasy 狂喜的；恍惚的，出神的 2  very enthusiastic or excited 欣喜若狂的，高兴不已的  was ecstatic about his new job  他对新工作欣喜若狂 3  producing ecstasy; sublime 令人出神的，让人心醉神迷的  an ecstatic embrace  让人发狂的拥抱 ●n.  a person subject to (usu. religious) ecstasy 心醉神迷的人，狂热分子(通常由宗教情绪所致) □ ecstatically  adv.   [French extatique from Greek ekstatikos (as ECSTASY)]

ECT abbr.  electroconvulsive therapy [缩略]电休克疗法

ecto- /ˈektəʊ/ prefix  outside 外面的 [Greek ekto-, stem of ektos ‘outside’]

ectoderm /ˈektə(ʊ)dɜ:m/ n. Zool.  the outermost layer of an embryo in early development 【动】(胚胎早期发育中的)外胚层 □ ectodermal  /-ˈdɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  

ectogenesis /ektə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the production of structures outside the organism 【生】体外培育，体外发育 □ ectogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ ectogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ ectogenous  /ekˈtɒdʒinəs/ adj.   [modern Latin (as ECTO-, GENESIS)]

ectomorph /ˈektə(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  a person with a lean and delicate build of body and large skin surface in comparison with weight (cf. 参见 ENDOMORPH, MESOMORPH) 瘦削体型的人，外胚层体型的人 □ ectomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ ectomorphy  n.   [ECTO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

-ectomy /ˈektəmi/ comb. form  denoting a surgical operation in which a part of the body is removed (appendectomy 阑尾切除术) [构词成分]表示“…切除术”，“…截除术” [Greek ektomē ‘excision’, from ek ‘out’ + temnō ‘cut’]

ectoparasite /ektəʊˈpærəsait/ n. Biol.  a parasite that lives on the outside of its host 【生】体外寄生虫，体表寄生虫

ectopic /ekˈtɒpik/ adj. Med.  in an abnormal place or position 【医】器官等异位(不在正常位置)的 [modern Latin ectopia from Greek ektopos ‘out of place’]

ectopic pregnancy n.  a pregnancy occurring outside the womb 异位妊娠，宫外孕

ectoplasm /ˈektə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  1  the dense outer layer of the cytoplasm (cf. 参见 ENDOPLASM) 外质(致密的细胞质外层) 2  a supposed viscous substance exuding from the body of a medium during a spiritualistic trance 神灵的外质(据说是降神术中灵媒在恍惚状态中分泌出的一种黏性物质) □ ectoplasmic  /-ˈplæzmik/ adj.  

ecu /ˈekju:, ˈi:-, ˈei-; -ku:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ecus) (also 亦作 Ecu, ECU)  European Currency Unit 欧洲货币单位 [acronym]

Ecuador   厄瓜多尔

Ecuadorian /ˈekwədɔ:riən/ adj. & n.  厄瓜多尔的(人)

ecumenical /i:kjʊˈmenik(ə)l, e-/ adj.  of or representing the whole Christian world, esp. seeking or promoting worldwide Christian unity 全基督教的(尤指寻求或促进全世界基督教大统一的) □ ecumenically  adv.   [Late Latin oecumenicus from Greek oikoumenikos ‘of the inhabited earth’ (oikoumenē)]

ecumenism /iˈkju:məniz(ə)m/ n.  the principle or aim of the unity of Christians worldwide, transcending differences of doctrine 普世教会主义

eczema /ˈeksimə, ˈekzimə/ n.  inflammation of the skin, with itching and discharge from blisters 湿疹 □ eczematous  /ekˈzi:mətəs, ekˈzem-/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek ekzema -atos, from ek ‘out’ + zeō ‘boil’]

Ed /ed/   埃德 [人名]

ed. abbr. [缩略]  1  edited by 由…编辑 2  edition  3  editor  4  educated; education 

-ed1 /d, id, t/ suffix forming adjectives 构成形容词 :  1  from nouns, meaning ‘having, wearing, affected by, etc.’ (talented 有才能的 ; trousered 穿裤子的 ; diseased 染病的) 加在名词后，表示“具有…的”；“穿戴…的”；“受…影响的”等 2  from phrases of adjective and noun (good-humoured 好脾气的 ; three-cornered 三个角的) 加在由形容词和名词构成的词组后 [Old English -ede]

-ed2 /d, id, t/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  the past tense and past participle of weak verbs (needed; risked) 弱变化动词的过去式和过去分词 2  participial adjectives (escaped prisoner 逃犯 ; a pained look 痛苦的表情) 动词过去分词，作形容词用 [Old English -ed, -ad, -od]

Edam /ˈi:dæm/ n.  a round Dutch cheese, usu. pale yellow with a red wax coating 埃丹(红壳)干酪(一种球形荷兰奶酪，通常为淡黄色，有红色的蜡状涂层) [Edam, a town in the Netherlands, where it is made]

edaphic /iˈdæfik/ adj.  1 Bot.  of or relating to the soil 【植】土壤的，泥土的 2 Ecol.  produced or influenced by the soil 【态】产于土壤中的；受土壤影响的 [German edaphisch, from Greek edaphos ‘floor’]

Edda /ˈedə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Elder Edda, Poetic Edda)  a collection of medieval Icelandic poems on Norse legends 《埃达》(有关北欧传说的中世纪冰岛诗集) 2 (also 亦作 Younger Edda, Prose Edda)  a 13th-c. miscellaneous handbook to Icelandic poetry 《新埃达》(《散文埃达》) (一部 13 世纪的冰岛诗歌集) [perhaps a name in a Norse poem or from Old Norse óthr ‘poetry’]

Eddie /ˈedi/   埃迪 [人名]

eddo /ˈedəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  = TARO  [West African word]

Eddy /ˈedi/   埃迪 [人名]

eddy /ˈedi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a circular movement of water causing a small whirlpool 旋涡，涡流 2  a movement of wind, fog, or smoke resembling this 风，雾或烟的旋涡状运动 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  whirl round in eddies (使)打旋儿，(使)起旋涡，旋转 [probably Old English prefix ed- ‘again, back’, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

eddy current n. Electr.  a localized current induced in a conductor by a varying magnetic field 【电】涡(电)流

edelweiss /ˈeid(ə)lvais/ n.  an Alpine plant, Leontopodium alpinum, with woolly white bracts around the flower heads, growing in rocky places 雪绒花，火绒草 [German from edel ‘noble’ + weiss ‘white’]

edema US var.  of OEDEMA [美] OEDEMA 的变体

Eden /ˈi:d(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Garden of Eden)  a place or state of great happiness; paradise (with reference to the abode of Adam and Eve in the biblical account of the Creation) 伊甸园，天堂乐园(《圣经·创世记》中亚当与夏娃居住的家园) [Middle English via Late Latin and Greek Ēdēn from Hebrew ‘ēden’, originally = delight]

edentate /iˈdenteit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having no or few teeth 无齿的；牙齿稀少的 2 Zool.  of or belonging to the order Edentata (or Xenarthra) of mammals lacking incisor and canine teeth, including anteaters, sloths, and armadillos 【动】贫齿目的(没有门齿和犬齿的，包括食蚁兽、树懒、犰狳等) ●n. Zool.  an edentate mammal 【动】贫齿目(哺乳)动物 [Latin edentatus (as E-, dens dentis ‘tooth’)]

Edgar /ˈedgə/   埃德加 [人名]

edge /edʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a boundary line or margin of an area or surface 边缘，边界，界限 2  a narrow surface of a thin object 狭边，沿 3  the meeting-line of two surfaces of a solid 棱，棱角 4  a  the sharpened side of the blade of a cutting instrument or weapon 锋，刃，刀口b  the sharpness of this 锋利，尖锐，锐利  the knife has lost its edge  这把刀已经没刃了 5  the area close to a steep drop 悬崖，峭壁，陡壁  along the edge of the cliff  沿着峭壁边缘 6  anything compared to an edge, esp. the crest of a ridge 类似边或沿的 , (尤指)屋脊 7  a (as a personal attribute) incisiveness, excitement (指一个人个性的)机敏，敏锐b  keenness, excitement (esp. as an element in an otherwise routine situation) (尤指在平常情况中表现出的)热切，兴奋，敏锐 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into, out, etc.)  move gradually or furtively towards an objective 徐徐靠近；挤，逼；暗中接近  edged it into the corner  把它逐渐挤到角落里 they edged towards the door  他们偷偷向门口挪动 2 tr.  a  provide with an edge or border 加边于，划出边线b  form a border to 在…形成边c  trim the edge of 修饰…的边线 3 tr.  sharpen (a knife, tool, etc.) 磨(刀或工具等)，使锐利，使锋利 4 tr. Cricket  strike (the ball) with the edge of the bat 【板球】用球板的边击球 □ have the edge on (or over)   have a slight advantage over 略占优势，稍占上风□ on edge   1  tense and restless or irritable 紧张的；不安的 2  eager, excited 渴望的；热切的□ on the edge of   almost involved in or affected by 几乎要…，差点就…□ set a person's teeth on edge  (of a taste or sound) cause an unpleasant nervous sensation (味道或声音)让人心烦意乱的，让人不舒服的□ take the edge off   dull, weaken; make less effective or intense 使钝；削弱；挫…的锐气□ edgeless  adj.  □ edger  n.   [Old English ecg, from Germanic]

edge-tool n.  1  a hand-worked or machine-operated cutting tool (手动)切削工具；切削机械 2  any implement with a sharp cutting edge 有锋利刃口的工具和设备

edgeways /ˈedʒweiz/ adv. (also 亦作 edgewise /-waiz/)  1  with the edge uppermost or towards the viewer 边或沿朝上或朝前 2  edge to edge 边对边地，边和沿相对地 □ get a word in edgeways   contribute to a conversation when the dominant speaker pauses briefly 插话，插嘴

edging /ˈedʒiŋ/ n.  1  something forming an edge or border, e.g. a fringe or strip of lace 边，缘，边饰；饰边(如边饰或花边的流苏) 2  the process of making an edge 镶边，修边

edging shears n. pl.  shears for trimming the edges of a lawn 草坪边缘修剪器；修边剪刀

edgy /ˈedʒi/ adj. (edgier, edgiest)  1  irritable; nervously anxious 恼怒的；烦躁的；紧张的 2  sharp-edged, not smooth 边缘锐利的，清晰的，不平滑的  edgy rhythms  清晰的节奏 □ edgily  adv.  □ edginess  n.  

edh var.  of ETH  ETH 的变体

edible /ˈedib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  fit or suitable to be eaten (cf. 参见 EATABLE) 可食用的，适于食用的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  food 食品，食物 □ edibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Late Latin edibilis from edere ‘eat’]

edict /ˈi:dikt/ n.  an order proclaimed by authority (官方的)命令；布告 □ edictal  /iˈdikt(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin edictum, from edicere ‘proclaim’]

edifice /ˈedifis/ n.  1  a building, esp. a large imposing one 大楼，大厦(尤指庄严雄伟的建筑物) 2  a complex organizational or conceptual structure (思想、知识等的)复杂的体系和结构 [Middle English via Old French from Latin aedificium, from aedis ‘dwelling’ + -ficium from facere ‘make’]

edify /ˈedifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (of a circumstance, experience, etc.) instruct and improve morally or intellectually (周围环境、经验等) (在道德或知识上给予)教诲；教化，开导 □ edification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ edifying  adj.  □ edifyingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French edifier from Latin aedificare (as EDIFICE)]

Edinburgh /ˈedinbərə/ n.  爱丁堡 [英国苏格兰首府]

edit /ˈedit/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (edited, editing)  1  a  assemble, prepare, modify, or condense (written material, esp. the work of another or others) for publication (出版前对文字稿进行)编辑，编选；校订；压缩(尤指对他人的作品和文字进行编辑)b  prepare an edition of (an author's work) 编辑(某人的作品) 2  be in overall charge of the content and arrangement of (a newspaper etc.) (报纸等的)主编，总编 3  take extracts from and collate (films, tape recordings, etc.) to form a unified sequence 剪辑，选辑(影片、录制的音像带等) 4  a  prepare (data) for processing by a computer 准备(数据)供电脑处理b  alter (a text entered in a word processor etc.) 编辑，修改(尤指在电脑上使用文字处理软件等对调入的文本进行修改) 5  a  reword to correct, or to alter the emphasis 校订，修订b (foll. by 后跟 out)  remove (part) from a text etc. 删除，删节 ●n.  1  a  a piece of editing 编辑(工作)b  an edited item 编辑过的内容，编辑好的材料 2  a facility for editing 编辑设备或器材 [French éditer (as EDITION): partly a back-formation from EDITOR]

Edith /ˈi:diθ/   伊迪丝 [人名]

edition /iˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  one of the particular forms in which a text is published 版，版本  paperback edition  平装版 pocket edition  袖珍版b  a copy of a book in a particular form (书的)版次  a first edition  第一版 2  a whole number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc., issued at one time (书、报纸等同一时间出版发行的)一批 3  a particular version or instance of a broadcast, esp. of a regular programme or feature (广播的)特别节目，特别报道(尤指固定栏目或专栏节目) 4  a person or thing similar to or resembling another 相像的人或物；翻版  a miniature edition of her mother  她母亲的缩小版 [French édition from Latin editio -onis, from edere edit- ‘put out’ (as E-, dare ‘give’)]

editio princeps /iˌdiʃiəʊ ˈprinseps/ n. (pl. editiones principes /-ˌəʊni:z -sipi:z/)  the first printed edition of a book, text, etc. 初版，首版(书、文章等的首次印刷版) [Latin]

editor /ˈeditə/ n.  1  a person who edits material for publication or broadcasting (出版社、广播电台或电视台的)编辑 2  a person who directs the preparation of a newspaper or periodical, or a particular section of one (报纸、杂志的)编辑，(负责某一版面的)责任编辑  sports editor  体育版编辑 3  a person who selects or commissions material for publication (负责出版的)责任编辑 4  a person who edits film, soundtrack, etc. (电影、录音等的)剪辑师 5  a program enabling the user to alter or rearrange text held in a computer (电脑上使用的)文字编辑处理软件 □ editorship  n.   [Late Latin, = producer (of games), publisher (as EDIT)]

editorial /ediˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerned with editing or editors 编辑的，编者的 2  written or approved by an editor 编辑写的或同意的 ●n.  a newspaper article written by or on behalf of an editor, esp. one giving an opinion on a topical issue (报刊的)社论(尤指就某一重大事件发表观点的评论文章) □ editorialist  n.  □ editorialize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ editorially  adv.  

-edly /idli/ suffix  forming adverbs from verbs, meaning ‘in a manner characterized by performance of or undergoing of the verbal action’ (allegedly 据称 ; disgustedly 厌恶地 ; hurriedly 匆促地) 构成副词，加在动词后表示“行为特征或行动状态”

Edmond /ˈedmənd/   埃德蒙 [人名]

Edmonton /ˈedməntən/ n.  埃德蒙顿(阿尔伯达省省会) [加拿大城市]

Edmund /ˈedmənd/   埃德蒙 [人名]

Edna /ˈednə/   埃德娜 [人名]

EDP abbr.  electronic data processing [缩略]电子数据处理

EDT abbr.  Eastern Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Eastern Standard Time) [缩略]东部夏令时间(比东部标准时间早一小时)

EDTA abbr. Chem.  ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, a common chelating agent [缩略]【化】乙二胺四乙酸(一种螯合剂)

educate /ˈedjʊkeit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  give intellectual, moral, and social instruction to (a pupil, esp. a child), esp. as a formal and prolonged process (对学生、尤指对儿童的)教育(尤指正规的、长期的教育过程)；训练 2  provide education for 为…提供教育 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, or to + infin.)  train or instruct for a particular purpose (为某一特殊目的)培训；指导 4  advise; give information to 建议；提供信息 □ educable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ educability  /-kəˈbiliti/ n.  □ educatable  adj.  □ educative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ educator  n.   [Latin educare educat-, related to educere EDUCE]

educated /ˈedjʊkeitid/ adj.  1  having had an education, esp. to a higher level than average 受过教育的，有文化的，(尤指)受过高等教育的 2  resulting from a (good) education 有教养的，受过良好教育的  an educated accent  有教养者说话的腔调 3  based on experience or study 凭经验的，凭知识的  an educated guess  根据经验估测，凭知识判断

education /edjʊˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of educating or being educated; systematic instruction 教育；培养；系统教育 2  a particular kind of or stage in education 某一种(或阶段的)教育  further education  继续教育 a classical education  传统教育 3  a  development of character or mental powers 性格或智力发展b  a stage in or aspect of this 性格或智力发展的阶段或方面  travel will be an education for you  旅行可陶冶人的性情 □ educational  adj.  □ educationalist  n.  □ educationally  adv.  □ educationist  n.   [French éducation or Latin educatio (as EDUCATE)]

educe /iˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1  bring out or develop from latent or potential existence; elicit 引出，唤起或开发出(潜能) 2  infer; elicit a principle, number, etc., from data 推断(出)，从数据中演绎(出) □ educible  adj.  □ eduction  /iˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eductive  /iˈdʌktiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin educere educt- ‘lead out’ (as E-, ducere ‘lead’)]

edutainment /edjʊˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  entertainment with an educational aspect; infotainment 寓教于乐的活动；能增长知识的娱乐活动 [EDUCATION + ENTERTAINMENT]

Edw. abbr. [缩略]  Edward 

Edward /ˈedwəd/   爱德华 [人名]

Edwardian /edˈwɔ:diən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, characteristic of, or associated with the reign of King Edward VII (1901 － 10) 爱德华七世 (1901 至 1910 年)的 ●n.  a person belonging to this period 爱德华七世时代的人

Edwin /ˈedwin/   埃德温 [人名]

-ee /i:/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，意为 :  1  the person affected by the verbal action (addressee 听众 ; employee 雇工 ; lessee 承租人) 表示动作的受动者 2  a person concerned with or described as (absentee 缺席者 ; bargee 驳船船员 ; refugee 难民) 表示与…有关的人 3  an object of smaller size (bootee 短统靴) 表示较小的 [from or suggested by Anglo-French past part. ending -é, from Latin -atus]

EEC abbr.  European Economic Community [缩略]欧洲经济共同体■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. 见 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 的用法说明。 

EEG abbr. [缩略]  electroencephalogram 

eejit /ˈi:dʒit/ n. esp. Ir. & Sc. dial.  an idiot [尤爱尔兰和苏格兰] [方]白痴，傻子 [representing dialect pronunciation of IDIOT]

eel /i:l/ n.  1  any of various snakelike fish, with slender body and poorly developed fins, esp. one of the genus Anguilla living in fresh water and breeding in the sea 鳗鱼(生活于淡水但要回到海中繁殖的鱼类) 2  a slippery or evasive person or thing 圆滑的人，捉摸不定的人或事物 □ eel-like  adj.  □ eely  adj.   [Old English œˉl, from Germanic]

eelgrass /ˈi:lɡrɑ:s/ n.  1  any marine plant of the genus Zostera, with long ribbon-like leaves 鳗草(包括大叶藻、苦草等水生植物) 2  any submerged freshwater plant of the genus Vallisneria 半水下的淡水藻类植物

eelpout /ˈi:lpaʊt/ n.  a fish of the family Zoarcidae, with a slender body and dorsal and anal fins meeting to fuse with the tail Also called 亦称作 pout 绵鳚 [Old English œˉleputa (as EEL, POUT2)]

eelworm /ˈi:lwɜ:m/ n.  any of various small nematode worms infesting plant roots (感染植物根部的)小线虫

e'en1 /i:n/ archaic or poet. var.  of EVEN1 [古义] [诗] EVEN1 的变体

e'en2 /i:n/ Sc. var.  of EVEN2 [苏格兰] EVEN2 的变体

-een /i:n/ suffix Ir.  forming diminutive nouns (colleen 小女孩) 构成名词，表示“小的” [Irish diminutive suffix -ín]

e'er /ɛə/ poet. var.  of EVER [诗] EVER 的变体

-eer /ˈiə/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  nouns meaning ‘person concerned with or engaged in’ (auctioneer 拍卖商 ; mountaineer 登山者，山地人 ; profiteer 投机商) 名词，表示“从事…的人”，“…者” 2  verbs meaning ‘be concerned with’ (electioneer 积极竞选的人) 动词，表示“从事”，“参与” [from or suggested by French -ier, from Latin -arius: cf. -IER, -ARY1]

eerie /ˈiəri/ adj. (eerier, eeriest)  gloomy and strange; weird, frightening 古怪的，荒诞的；可怕的  an eerie silence  可怕的沉默 □ eerily  adv.  □ eeriness  n.   [originally northern English and Scots eri, of obscure origin: cf. Old English earg ‘cowardly’]

EETPU abbr. (in the UK) Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications, and Plumbing Union [缩略] (英国)电力、电子、电讯及管道工程业联合会

ef- /if, ef/ prefix  assim. form of EX-1 1 before f (用在字母 f 前)EX-11 的同化形式

eff /ef/ v. Brit. slang euphem. [英] [俚语] [婉]  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  = FUCK(in expletive use 表示诅咒时用)  2 intr.  say fuck or similar coarse slang words 说“ fuck ”或其他类似的粗鄙话语 □ effing and blinding   using coarse slang 用粗俗的话骂人，诅咒人 [name of the letter F, as a euphemistic abbreviation]

efface /iˈfeis/ v.  1 tr.  rub or wipe out (a mark etc.) 擦去，抹掉，除去(标记等) 2 tr. (in abstract senses 用于抽象含义)  obliterate; wipe out 抹去，擦掉，除掉  effaced it from his memory  将其从他的记忆中抹去 3 tr.  utterly surpass; eclipse 超越，遮住  success has effaced all previous attempts  成功遮住了过去所有的努力 4 refl.  make oneself insignificant or inconspicuous 使自己变得微不足道，使自己不被人注意 □ effacement  n.   [French effacer (as EX-1, FACE)]

effect /iˈfekt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the result or consequence of an action etc. 结果，效果，作用 2  efficacy 功效，成效  had little effect  成效甚微 3  an impression produced on a spectator, hearer, etc. (给观众、听众等的)印象，感觉，感受  lights had a pretty effect  灯光效果很不错 my words had no effect  我的话不管用 4 (in pl. 用复数)  property, luggage 财产，家什，行李 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the lighting, sound, etc. used to accompany a play, film, broadcast, etc. (戏剧、电影、广播等中运用的)光、声等效果 6 Physics  a physical phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer 【物理学】效应(通常以发现者的名字命名)  Doppler effect  多普勒效应 7  the state of being operative 生效，实施，起作用 ●v. tr.  bring about; accomplish 使生效，完成 □ bring (or carry) into effect   accomplish 实现，使生效，(使)完成□ for effect   to create an impression 给人留下印象，装点门面□ give effect to   make operative 使生效，使实施，实行□ in effect   for practical purposes; in reality 实质上，实际上□ take effect   become operative 生效，起作用□ to the effect that   the general substance or gist being 大意是…，主要意思是…□ to that effect   having that result or implication 鉴于…，按这个意思…□ with effect from   coming into operation at or on (a stated time or day) 从…起生效，从…起开始实施 [Middle English from Old French effect or Latin effectus (as EX-1, facere ‘make’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AFFECT1. 见 AFFECT1 的用法说明。 

effective /iˈfektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  having a definite or desired effect 有功效的，灵验的b  efficient 高效的，有成效的 2  powerful in visual, emotive, etc. effect; impressive 给人深刻印象的，能打动人的，感染人的 3  a  actual; existing in fact rather than officially or theoretically 事实上的，实际(存在)的  took effective control in their absence  在他们不在的情况下，掌握了实际控制权b  actually usable; realizable; equivalent in its effect 实际可用的，可实现的，等效用的  effective money  实际可用的货币 effective demand  有效需求 4  coming into operation 生效  effective as from 1 May  从 5 月 1 日起生效 5 (of manpower) fit for work or service (指人力)适合工作和服务的 ●n.  a soldier available for service 可作战的士兵，可服役的士兵 □ effectively  adv.  □ effectiveness  n.  □ effectivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin effectivus (as EFFECT)]

effector /iˈfektə/ adj. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●adj.  acting in response to a stimulus 反应(的)，效应(的) ●n.  an effector organ 效应器

effectual /iˈfektʃʊəl/ adj.  1  capable of producing the required result or effect; answering its purpose 有效果的，灵验的 2  valid (证件等)有效的，在有效期内的 □ effectuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ effectually  adv.  □ effectualness  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin effectualis (as EFFECT)]

effectuate /iˈfektʃʊeit/ v. tr.  cause to happen; accomplish 使发生，完成 □ effectuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin effectuare (as EFFECT)]

effeminate /iˈfeminət/ adj. (of a man) feminine in appearance or manner; unmasculine (指男人)外表或举止像女人的，女人气的，缺乏男子气概的 □ effeminacy  n.  □ effeminately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin effeminatus, past part. of effeminare (as EX-1, femina ‘woman’)]

effendi /eˈfendi/ n. (pl. effendis)  1  a man of education or standing in eastern Mediterranean or Arab countries (地中海东部或阿拉伯国家中的)有知识人士；上流人士 2  a former title of respect or courtesy in Turkey 先生，老爷，阁下(土耳其旧时的一种称谓) [Turkish efendi via modern Greek afentēs from Greek authentēs ‘lord, master’: see AUTHENTIC]

efferent /ˈef(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. Physiol.  conducting outwards (opp. 反义 AFFERENT) 【生理】输出的，传出的，离心的  efferent nerves  传出神经 efferent vessels  输出脉管 [Latin efferre (as EX-1, ferre ‘carry’)]

effervesce /efəˈves/ v. intr.  1  give off bubbles of gas; bubble 冒泡，起沫 2 (of a person) be lively or energetic (人)充满活力，朝气蓬勃，有生气 □ effervescence  n.  □ effervescency  n.  □ effervescent  adj.   [Latin effervescere (as EX-1, fervēre ‘be hot’)]

effete /iˈfi:t/ adj.  1  feeble and incapable, ineffectual 衰弱的，虚弱的，无能的；无效果的 2  worn out; exhausted of its essential quality or vitality, decadent 枯竭的，衰竭的，衰落的 □ effeteness  n.   [Latin effetus ‘worn out by bearing young’ (as EX-1, FOETUS)]

efficacious /efiˈkeiʃəs/ adj. (of a thing) producing or sure to produce the desired effect (事物)有功效的，灵验的 □ efficaciously  adv.  □ efficaciousness  n.  □ efficacy  /ˈefikəsi/ n.   [Latin efficax (as EFFICIENT)]

efficiency /iˈfiʃ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or quality of being efficient 有效，效率，功效 2 Mech. & Physics  the ratio of useful work performed to the total energy expended or heat taken in 【机】【物理学】效率 [Latin efficientia (as EFFICIENT)]

efficiency bar n.  a point on a salary scale requiring evidence of efficiency for further promotion 效率工资线(只有被证明工作效率突出的人才能晋升加薪的界线)

efficient /iˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  productive with minimum waste or effort 高效的 2 (of a person) capable; acting effectively (人)有能力的，能胜任的，能干的 □ efficiently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin efficere (as EX-1, facere ‘make, accomplish’)]

efficient cause n. Philos.  an agent that brings a thing into being or initiates a change 【哲】动力因(素)

effigy /ˈefidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a sculpture or model of a person 某人的雕像或模型 □ in effigy   in the form of a (usu. crude) representation of a person (通常为粗略制作的)某人的模拟像 [Latin effigies from effingere ‘to fashion’]

effleurage /eflɜ:ˈrɑ:ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a form of massage involving a circular inward stroking movement made with the palm of the hand, used esp. during childbirth (按摩的一种手法)用掌由外向里做圆周运动，(尤指)在妇女生产时使用的助产按摩 ●v. tr.  massage with a circular stroking movement 给…作转圈式按摩 [French, from effleurer ‘to skim’]

effloresce /efləˈres/ v. intr.  1  burst out into flower 开花 2 Chem.  a (of a substance) turn to a fine powder on exposure to air 【化】风化，粉化b (of salts) come to the surface and crystallize on it (盐类)结晶，起霜c (of a surface) become covered with salt particles (物体表面)由于盐分沉积而起霜 □ efflorescence  n.  □ efflorescent  adj.   [Latin efflorescere (as EX-1, florēre ‘to bloom’ from flos floris ‘flower’)]

effluence /ˈeflʊəns/ n.  1  a flowing out (of light, electricity, etc.) (光、电等)流出，发出，射出 2  that which flows out (光、电等的)流出物，射出物，发出物 [French effluence or medieval Latin effluentia from Latin effluere efflux- ‘flow out’ (as EX-1, fluere ‘flow’)]

effluent /ˈeflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  flowing forth or out 流体的 ●n.  1  sewage or industrial waste discharged into a river, the sea, etc. (排入河流或海洋等的)污水，工业废水 2  a stream or lake flowing from a larger body of water (由大湖或大河流出的水形成的)溪流；小湖 [Latin effluere effluent-: see EFFLUENCE]

effluvium /iˈflu:viəm/ n. (pl. effluvia /-viə/)  an unpleasant or noxious odour or exhaled substance affecting the lungs or the sense of smell etc. 难闻的气味，恶臭 [Latin from effluere: see EFFLUENCE]

efflux /ˈeflʌks/ n.  = EFFLUENCE  □ effluxion  /iˈflʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin effluxus: see EFFLUENCE]

effort /ˈefət/ n.  1  strenuous physical or mental exertion 努力，勉力 2  a vigorous or determined attempt 努力(或勉力)的尝试 3 Mech.  a force exerted 【机】作用力 4 colloq.  the result of an attempt; something accomplished [口]努力的成果，成就  not bad for a first effort  作为首次，成果还不错 □ effortful  adj.  □ effortfully  adv.   [French from Old French esforcier, ultimately from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

effortless /ˈefətlis/ adj.  1  requiring no effort 不费力气的，容易做的  effortless methods of cookery  简单易行的烹饪法 2  natural, easy 自然的，轻松的  effortless grace  轻松优雅 □ effortlessly  adv.  □ effortlessness  n.  

effrontery /iˈfrʌnt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  shameless insolence; impudent audacity (esp. 尤用于 have the effrontery to 竟能厚着脸皮做出…) 傲慢，放肆，厚颜无耻 2  an instance of this 厚颜无耻的行为 [French effronterie from effronté, ultimately from Late Latin effrons -ontis ‘shameless’ (as EX-1, frons ‘forehead’)]

effulgent /iˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adj. literary  radiant; shining brilliantly [文学用语]发光的；闪亮的，耀眼的 □ effulgence  n.  □ effulgently  adv.   [Latin effulgēre ‘shine forth’ (as EX-1, fulgēre ‘shine’)]

effuse adj. & v. ●adj. /iˈfju:s/ Bot. (of an inflorescence etc.) spreading loosely 【植】(花)舒展的，伸展的 ●v. tr. /iˈfju:z/  1  pour forth (liquid, light, etc.) 流出，泻出，透出(液体、光线等) 2  give out (ideas etc.) 提出，给出(主意、想法等) [Middle English from Latin effusus, past part. of effundere effus- ‘pour out’ (as EX-1, fundere ‘pour’)]

effusion /iˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a copious outpouring 溢出，流出 2 usu. derog.  an unrestrained flow of speech or writing [通常贬] (讲话或文章)迸发，滔滔不绝；长篇累牍 [Middle English from Old French effusion or Latin effusio (as EFFUSE)]

effusive /iˈfju:siv/ adj.  1  gushing, demonstrative, exuberant 迸发的，炫耀的，热情奔放的  effusive praise  过分热情的赞扬 2 Geol. (of igneous rock) poured out when molten and later solidified, volcanic 【地质】(火成岩)熔岩的，火山岩的 □ effusively  adv.  □ effusiveness  n.  

EFL abbr.  English as a foreign language [缩略]非母语英语

eft /eft/ n.  a newt 水蜥，水栖蝾螈 [Old English efeta, of unknown origin]

Efta /ˈeftə/ abbr. (also 亦作 EFTA)  European Free Trade Association [缩略]欧洲自由贸易联盟 [abbreviation]

EFTPOS /ˈeftpɒz/ abbr.  electronic funds transfer at point of sale [缩略]销售处电子商务交易；销售处资金电子过户

e.g. abbr.  for example [缩略]例如，比如，如… [Latin exempli gratia]

egad /iˈɡæd/ int. archaic or joc.  by God [古义] [诙]天哪，唷 [probably originally a ‘ah’ + GOD]

egalitarian /iˌɡæliˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the principle of equal rights and opportunities for all 平等主义的，人人平等的  an egalitarian society  一个人人平等的社会 2  advocating this principle 主张人人平等的 ●n.  a person who advocates or supports egalitarian principles 平等主义者 □ egalitarianism  n.   [French égalitaire from égal EQUAL]

egg1 /eɡ/ n.  1  a  the spheroidal reproductive body produced by females of animals such as birds, reptiles, fish, etc., enclosed in a protective layer and capable of developing into a new individual 卵，蛋b  the egg of the domestic hen, used for food 鸡蛋 2 Biol.  the female reproductive cell in animals and plants 【生】卵，卵子，卵细胞 3 colloq.  a person or thing qualified in some way [口] (在某方面合格、够格的)人，家伙；东西  a tough egg  硬汉子 4  anything resembling or imitating an egg, esp. in shape or appearance 蛋形物(尤指形状、外形像蛋的物体) □ as sure as eggs is (or are) eggs  colloq.  without any doubt [口]毫不怀疑，毫无疑问□ have (or put) all one's eggs in one basket  colloq.  risk everything on a single venture [口]把一切希望寄托在一次冒险上，孤注一掷□ with egg on one's face  colloq.  made to look foolish [口]使自己看起来很蠢□ eggless  adj.  □ eggy  adj. (eggier, eggiest)   [Middle English from Old Norse, related to Old English œˉg]

egg2 /eɡ/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  urge 敦促，催促  egged them on to do it  敦促他们行动 [Middle English from Old Norse eggja = EDGE]

eggar /ˈeɡə/ n. (also 亦作 egger)  any of various large moths of the family Lasiocampidae, esp. Lasiocampa quercus, with an egg-shaped cocoon 枯叶蛾(其茧为卵形) [probably from EGG1 + -ER1]

egg-beater n.  1  a device for beating eggs 打蛋器 2 US slang  a helicopter [美] [俚语]直升机

eggcup /ˈeɡkʌp/ n.  a cup for holding a boiled egg (吃煮鸡蛋用的) (盛)蛋杯

egg custard n.  = CUSTARD 1 

egghead /ˈeɡhed/ n. colloq.  an intellectual; an expert [口]知识分子，专家

egg-nog n. (also Brit. [亦英] egg-flip)  a drink of alcoholic spirit with beaten egg, milk, etc. 蛋奶酒(由酒加搅打过的鸡蛋、牛奶等制成)

eggplant /ˈeɡplɑ:nt/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = AUBERGINEn. 1, 2. 

eggs and bacon n. (also 亦作 egg and bacon)  any of various plants with orange-marked yellow flowers, esp. bird's-foot trefoil and yellow toadflax 开黄花，花上有橙色斑点的植物(尤指牛角花和黄色柳穿鱼)

eggshell /ˈeɡʃel/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the shell of an egg 蛋壳，蛋皮 2  anything very fragile 易碎、易破损的东西 ●adj.  1 (of china) thin and fragile (瓷器)薄的，易打破的，易打碎的 2 (of paint) with a slight gloss finish (油漆)略有光泽的

egg-spoon n.  a small spoon for eating a boiled egg (吃煮蛋用的)蛋匙

egg-timer n.  a device for timing the cooking of an egg 煮蛋定时器

egg-tooth n.  a projection of an embryo bird or reptile used for breaking out of the shell (鸟或爬行动物破壳用的)卵牙，卵齿

egg white n.  the white of an egg 蛋清，蛋白

eglantine /ˈeɡləntain/ n.  sweet-brier 多花蔷薇 [Middle English via French églantine from Old French aiglent, ultimately from Latin acus ‘needle’]

ego /ˈi:ɡəʊ, ˈe-/ n. (pl. -os)  1 Metaphysics  a conscious thinking subject 【玄学】自我，有思维意识的主体 2 Psychol.  the part of the mind that reacts to reality and has a sense of individuality 【心】自我心智 3  a sense of self-esteem 自尊心 [Latin, = I]

egocentric /eɡə(ʊ)ˈsentrik, i:-/ adj.  1  centred in the ego 以自我为中心的 2  self-centred, egoistic 自我中心的，自私自利的 □ egocentrically  adv.  □ egocentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  □ egocentrism  n.   [EGO + -CENTRIC, on the pattern of geocentric etc.]

ego-ideal n.  1 Psychol.  the part of the mind developed from the ego by an awareness of social standards 【心】自我理想 2 (in general use) idealization of oneself (泛指)自我理想化，自我美化

egoism /ˈeɡəʊiz(ə)m, ˈi:-/ n.  1  an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality 自我主义，自我中心 2  = EGOTISM  □ egoist  n.  □ egoistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ egoistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ egoistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French égoïsme, ultimately from modern Latin egoismus (as EGO)]■Usage 用法说明 The senses of egoism and egotism overlap, but egoism alone is a term used in philosophy and psychology to mean ‘self-interest’ (often contrasted with altruism). egoism 与 egotism 的含义重叠。惟 egoism 是哲学与心理学用语，意为“自身利益”(常相对于 altruism 而言)。 

egomania /eɡə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə, i:-/ n.  morbid egotism 病态的自我主义，利己狂，自大狂 □ egomaniac  /-ˈmeiniæk/ n.  □ egomaniacal  /-məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  

egotism /ˈeɡətiz(ə)m, ˈi:-/ n.  1  the practice of continually talking about oneself; self-centredness 以自我为中心，念念不忘自我，喋喋不休地谈论自我 2  an exaggerated opinion of oneself; conceit 自负，自大，自满 3  selfishness 自私自利，利己 □ egotist  n.  □ egotistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.  □ egotistical  /-ˈtistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ egotistically  /-ˈtistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ egotize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [EGO + -ISM, with intrusive -t-]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EGOISM. 见 EGOISM 的用法说明。 

ego trip n. colloq.  activity etc. devoted entirely to one's own interests or feelings [口]追求自我利益或自我表现的活动

egregious /iˈɡri:dʒəs/ adj.  1  outstandingly bad; shocking 极坏的；令人震惊的  egregious folly  极为愚蠢的行为 an egregious ass  大笨蛋 2 archaic or joc.  remarkable [古义] [诙]非凡的，不寻常的 □ egregiously  adv.  □ egregiousness  n.   [Latin egregius ‘illustrious’, literally ‘standing out from the flock’, from grex gregis ‘flock’]

egress /ˈi:ɡres/ n.  1  a  going out 外出，出门b  the right of going out 外出权 2  an exit; a way out 出口；出路 3 Astron.  the end of an eclipse or transit 【天】出凌 [Latin egressus from egredi egress- (as E-, gradi ‘to step’)]

egret /ˈi:ɡrit, ˈe-/ n.  any of various herons of the genus Egretta or Bulbulcus, usu. having long white feathers in the breeding season 白鹭 [Middle English, via Anglo-French egrette, Old French aigrette from Provençal aigreta, from aigron ‘heron’]

Egypt   埃及

Egyptian /iˈdʒipʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Egypt in NE Africa 埃及的 2  of or for Egyptian antiquities (e.g. in a museum) 埃及文物的(如博物馆中的文物)  Egyptian room  埃及文物室 ●n.  1  a native of ancient or modern Egypt; a national of the Arab Republic of Egypt (古代或当代的)埃及人；阿拉伯埃及共和国公民 2  the Hamitic language used in ancient Egypt until the 3rd c. AD 古埃及语(公元 3 世纪前在埃及使用的含语族语) □ Egyptianize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Egyptianization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Egyptology /i:dʒipˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the language, history, and culture of ancient Egypt 埃及学(研究古埃及语言、历史和文化的学问) □ Egyptologist  n.  

eh /ei/ int. colloq. [口]  1  expressing enquiry or surprise 啊，嗯(感叹词，用于表示询问、惊讶) 2  inviting assent 是吗(用于希望对方赞同) 3  asking for something to be repeated or explained 嗯，什么(用于要求对方重复或解答) [Middle English ey, instinctive exclamation]

-eian /iən/ suffix  corresponding to -ey (or -y) + -an (Bodleian 牛津大学图书馆 ; Rugbeian 拉格比公学学生) 相当于 ey+an 或 y+an

Eid /i:d/ n. (also 亦作 Id) a Muslim festival 穆斯林的节日， esp. (尤指):  1 (in full 全称 Eid ul-Fitr /i:dʊlˈfitrə/)  that marking the end of the fast of Ramadan 开斋节 2 (in full 全称 Eid ul-Adha /i:dulˈɑ:də/)  that marking the culmination of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca 朝圣节(每年一度去麦加朝圣的欢宴) [Arabic ‘īd ‘feast’]

eider /ˈaidə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 eider duck)  any of several large northern ducks, esp. Somateria mollissima 绒鸭，(尤指)欧绒鸭 2 (in full 全称 eider-down)  small soft feathers from the breast of the eider duck 绒鸭绒(绒鸭胸脯上的小绒毛) [Icelandic aethr]

eiderdown /ˈaidədɑʊn/ n. Brit.  a quilt stuffed with down (originally from the eider) or some other soft material, esp. as the upper layer of bedclothes [英]鸭绒被，羽绒被

eidetic /aiˈdetik/ adj. & n. ●adj. Psychol. (of a mental image) having unusual vividness and detail, as if actually visible 【心】(指头脑中的映像)特别清晰(的)，特别逼真(的)，历历在目(的) ●n.  a person able to see eidetic images 能看到这种映像的人 □ eidetically  adv.   [German eidetisch from Greek eidētikos, from eidos ‘form’]

eidolon /aiˈdəʊlɒn/ n. (pl. eidolons or eidola /-lə/)  1  a spectre; a phantom 鬼怪，精灵；幻象 2  an idealized figure 理想化的形象 [Greek eidōlon: see IDOL]

eigen- /ˈaiɡən/ comb. form Math. & Physics  proper, characteristic [构词成分]【数】【物理学】本征，特征，固有 [German eigen OWN]

eigenfrequency /ˈaiɡənˌfri:kw(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies) Math. & Physics  one of the natural resonant frequencies of a system 【数】【物理学】固有频率，本征频率，特征频率

eigenfunction /ˈaiɡənˌfʌn(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. Math. & Physics  that function which under a given operation generates some multiple of itself 【数】【物理学】本征函数，特征函数

eigenvalue /ˈaiɡənˌvælju:/ n. Math. & Physics  that value by which an eigenfunction of an operation is multiplied after the eigenfunction has been subjected to that operation 【数】【物理学】本征值，特征值

eight /eit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than seven, or two less than ten; the product of two units and four units 八 2  a symbol for this 表示八的符号 (8, viii, VIII) 3 (in full 全称 figure of eight) (in ice-skating, country dancing, etc.) a figure resembling the form of 8 (花样滑冰、乡村舞蹈等中的) 8 字图形， 8 字花式 4  a size etc. denoted by eight 8 号(用 8 表示的尺寸等) 5  an eight-oared rowing boat or its crew 八浆划艇；八人划船队 6  eight o'clock 8 点钟 7  a card with eight pips (牌戏中的)八点 ●adj.  that amount to eight 数量为八的 □ have one over the eight  Brit. slang  have one drink too many [英] [俚语]多喝了一杯，喝醉 [Old English ehta, eahta]

eighteen /eiˈti:n, ˈeiti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than seventeen, or eight more than ten; the product of two units and nine units 十八 2  a symbol for this 表示十八的符号 (18, xviii, XVIII) 3  a size etc. denoted by eighteen 用 18 表示的(尺寸等) 4  a set or team of eighteen individuals 18 个为一套；由 18(人)组成的队 5 (作 18) Brit. (of films) classified as suitable for persons of 18 years and over [英] (电影)分级中的一个级别，表示适合 18 岁以上者观看 ●adj.  that amount to eighteen 数量为 18 的 □ eighteenth  adj. & n.   [Old English ehtatēne]

eighteenmo /eiˈti:nməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = OCTODECIMO 

eightfold /ˈeitfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  eight times as much or as many 八倍的 2  consisting of eight parts 八份的，八块的，八部分的 3  amounting to eight 成八的，数量达到八的

eighth /eitθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 8 in the sequence 第八 2  something occupying this position 第八个，第八名 3  one of eight equal parts of a thing 八分之一 ●adj.  that is the eighth 第八的；八分之一的 □ eighthly  adv.  

eighth note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美] [音]  = QUAVER 

eightsome /ˈeits(ə)m/ n.  1 (in full 全称 eightsome reel)  a lively Scottish reel for eight dancers 八人里尔舞(一种 8 人跳的苏格兰圆圈舞) 2  the music for this 八人里尔舞的舞曲

eighty /ˈeiti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of eight and ten 八十 2  a symbol for this 表示八十的符号 (80, lxxx, LXXX) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 80 to 89, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life 80 至 89 的数(尤指年代或年龄) ●adj.  that amount to eighty 数量达到 80 的 □ eighty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between eightieth and ninetieth 第 80 至第 90 间的序数词□ eighty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between eighty and ninety 80 至 90 间的基数词□ eightieth  adj. & n.  □ eightyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English -eahtatig (as EIGHT, -TY2)]

Eileen /ˈaili:n/   艾琳 [人名]

einkorn /ˈainkɔ:n/ n.  a kind of wheat (Triticum monococcum) 单粒小麦 [German, from ein ‘one’ + Korn ‘seed’]

einsteinium /ainˈstainiəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially from plutonium (symbol 符 Es) 【化】(化学元素)锿 [named after A. Einstein, German-American physicist d. 1955]

eirenic var.  of IRENIC  IRENIC 的变体

eirenicon /aiˈri:nikɒn/ n. (also 亦作 irenicon)  a proposal made as a means of achieving peace 和平提议，和解建议 [Greek, neut. of eirēnikos (adj.) from eirēnē ‘peace’]

eisteddfod /aiˈsteðvɒd, aiˈstedvəd/ n. (pl. eisteddfods or eisteddfodau /-ˈvɒdai/)  a congress of Welsh bards; a national or local festival for musical competitions etc. 艾斯特福德(威尔士吟游吟唱诗人大会)；(全国或地方的)音乐竞赛节 □ eisteddfodic  /-ˈvɒdik/ adj.   [Welsh, literally ‘session’, from eistedd ‘sit’]

either /ˈaiðə, ˈi:-/ conj., adv., pron. & det. ●conj. (introducing a word, phrase, or clause that is paired with another word, phrase, or clause introduced by or)  as one of two mutually exclusive possibilities (与 or 一起连用)不是…就是…；或…或…；要么…要么…  either come in or go out  或者进来，或者出去 is either black or white  不是黑的就是白的 ●adv. (after a neg. sentence 用于否定句之后)  1  any more than the person or thing just mentioned 也不  Tim didn't like it and Patrick didn't either  蒂姆不喜欢它，帕特里克也不喜欢它 2  moreover, indeed 此外；再说  there is no time to lose, either  再说，这事刻不容缓 ●pron.  one or the other of two (两者间)任何一个，这个或那个  either of you can go  你们两个谁去都可以 I like both twins but Jeremy doesn't like either  这对双胞胎我都喜欢，可是杰里米既不喜欢这个也不喜欢那个 ●det.  1  one or the other of two 两者中的任一，任何一个(一方)  you may have either book  你可以在这两本书中随便挑一本 2  each of two (两个中间的)每一个  either side of the road  路的每一边 □ either way   in either case or event 无论如何 [Old English œˉgther, from Germanic]

either/or n. & adj. ●n.  an unavoidable choice between alternatives 两选一，两者择一，非此即彼 ●adj.  involving such a choice 两选一的，两者择一的

eiusdem generis /eiˌ(j)ʊsdem ˈdʒeneris/ adj. Law  of the same kind 【法律】同样，同此 [Latin]

ejaculate v. & n. ●v. tr. /iˈdʒækjʊleit/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  utter suddenly (words esp. of prayer or other emotion) 脱口而出；突然说出(尤指祈祷或感情激动时说出的言词) 2  eject (fluid etc., esp. semen) from the body 射出(体液等，尤指精液)，射精 ●n. /iˈdʒækjʊlət/  semen that has been ejaculated from the body 射出体外的精液 □ ejaculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ejaculator  /iˈdʒækjʊleitə/ n.  □ ejaculatory  /iˈdʒækjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin ejaculari ‘to dart’ (as E-, jaculum ‘javelin’)]

eject /iˈdʒekt/ v. tr.  1  send or drive out precipitately or by force, esp. from a building or other property; compel to leave 驱逐，撵出，逐出；被迫离开(尤指从房子里或其他住地逐出) 2  a  cause (the pilot etc.) to be propelled from an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency 使(飞行员在紧急情况下)弹射出(座舱)b (absol. [含宾]) (of the pilot etc.) be ejected in this way (飞行员等)被弹射出来  they both ejected at 1,000 feet  他们在 1,000 英尺的高空双双被弹射了出来 3  cause to be removed or drop out (e.g. a spent cartridge from a gun) 使退出；使排出；使掉出(如枪上打完子弹的空弹夹) 4  dispossess (a tenant etc.) by legal process (通过法律程序)驱逐(房客等) 5  dart forth; emit 投掷；发射 □ ejective  adj.  □ ejectment  n.   [Latin ejicere eject- (as E-, jacere ‘throw’)]

ejecta /iˈdʒektə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  material that is thrown out, esp. from a volcano or a star 抛出物；喷出物(尤指从火山、或从星球上抛射出的物质) [Latin, from ejicere eject- EJECT]

ejection /iˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of ejecting; the process of being ejected 射出；喷出；(被)弹射出

ejection seat n.  = EJECTOR SEAT 

ejector /iˈdʒektə/ n.  a device for ejecting 喷射器；弹射器

ejector seat n.  a device for the automatic ejection of the pilot etc. of an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency (飞行器中的)弹射座椅

eke /i:k/ v. tr. eke out  1 (foll. by 后跟 with, by)  supplement; make the best use of (defective means etc.) 充分利用(不利因素等)，补充(不足) 2  contrive to make (a livelihood) or support (an existence) 竭力维持生计，使生存 [Old English ēacan, related to Latin augēre ‘increase’]

ekka /ˈekə/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a small one-horse vehicle [印英]一匹马拉的小型马车 [Hindi ekkɑˉ ‘unit’]

-el var.  of -LE2  -LE2 的变体

elaborate adj. & v. ●adj. /iˈlæb(ə)rət/  1  carefully or minutely worked out 精心制作的，精心策划的 2  highly developed or complicated 复杂的，精巧的，精致的 ●v. /iˈlæbəreit/  1 tr.  a  work out or explain in detail 精心制作；详细说明b (absol. [含宾])  go into details 详细说明  I need not elaborate  我无需细说 2 tr.  produce by labour 精心制作 3 tr. (of a natural agency) produce (a substance etc.) from its elements or sources (指自然力)使其成份或元素转变成(物质)，生成 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  explain in detail 详细论述；详细说明 □ elaborately  /-rətli/ adv.  □ elaborateness  /-rətnis/ n.  □ elaboration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ elaborative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ elaborator  /-reitə/ n.   [Latin elaboratus, past part. of elaborare (as E-, labor ‘work’)]

Elaine /iˈlein/   伊莱恩 [人名]

eland /ˈi:lənd/ n.  any antelope of the genus Tragelaphus, native to Africa, having spirally twisted horns, esp. the largest of living antelopes, T. derbianus (非洲)大角斑羚，(尤指)巨大角斑羚，德比巨大角斑羚(指羚羊中最大的一种) [Dutch = elk]

elapse /iˈlæps/ v. intr. (of time) pass by (时间)流逝，消逝，过去 [Latin elabor elaps- ‘slip away’]

elasmobranch /iˈlæzməbræŋk/ n. Zool.  a cartilaginous fish of the subclass Elasmobranchii (or Chondrichthyes), including sharks, skates, rays 【动】板鳃亚纲的软骨鱼类(包括鲨鱼、鳐鱼等) [modern Latin elasmobranchii, from Greek elasmos ‘beaten metal’ + bragkhia ‘gills’]

elasmosaurus /iˌlæzməˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  a large extinct marine reptile with paddle-like limbs and tough crocodile-like skin 板龙，薄片龙(一种已灭绝的大型海生爬行动物) [modern Latin, from Greek elasmos ‘beaten metal’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

elastane /iˈlæstein/ n.  an elastic polyurethane, used esp. for hosiery, underwear, and other close-fitting clothing 弹力聚亚安脂(尤指用来制造丝袜，内衣裤和其他紧身衣物的合成纤维) [ELASTIC + -ANE2]

elastic /iˈlæstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to resume its normal bulk or shape spontaneously after contraction, dilatation, or distortion 有弹性的，有弹力的 2  springy 轻快的 3 (of a person or feelings) buoyant (指人或感情)轻快的；易调节的；开朗的 4  flexible, adaptable 灵活的；适应性强的  elastic conscience  灵活的道德观念 5 Econ. (of demand) variable according to price 【经】(需求)随价格浮动的 6 Physics (of a collision) involving no decrease of kinetic energy 【物理学】弹性(碰撞)的，弹回的 ●n.  elastic cord or fabric, usu. woven with strips of rubber 弹性索，弹性纤维(通常是与橡皮筋一起织成的) □ elastically  adv.  □ elasticity  /elæˈstisiti, i:-, i-/ n.  □ elasticize  /iˈlæstisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin elasticus from Greek elastikos ‘propulsive’, from elaunō ‘drive’]

elasticated /iˈlæstikeitid/ adj. Brit. (of a fabric) made elastic by weaving with rubber thread [英]弹性织物的(与橡皮筋一起织成的)

elastic band n.  = RUBBER BAND 

elastin /iˈlæstin/ n.  an elastic fibrous glycoprotein found in connective tissue (存在于结缔组织中的)弹性蛋白 [ELASTIC + -IN]

elastomer /iˈlæstəmə/ n.  a natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like plastic 高弹体，弹性体(天然橡胶、合成橡胶、塑胶等) □ elastomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [ELASTIC, on the pattern of isomer]

Elastoplast /iˈlæstəplɑ:st/ n. propr.  a type of sticking plaster [商标]弹性绷带 [ELASTIC + -O- + PLASTER]

elate /iˈleit/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 elated adj.)  inspirit, stimulate 刺激；激发，鼓舞 2  make proud 使感到自豪，使感到骄傲 ●adj. archaic  in high spirits; exultant, proud [古义]情绪高昂的，兴高采烈的；自豪的 □ elatedly  adv.  □ elatedness  n.  □ elation  n.   [Middle English from Latin efferre elat- ‘raise’]

elater /ˈelətə/ n.  a click beetle 叩头虫 [modern Latin from Greek elatēr ‘driver’, from elaunō ‘drive’]

E-layer n.  a layer of the ionosphere able to reflect medium-frequency radio waves E 层(可反射无线电中波的电离层) [E (arbitrary) + LAYER]

elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the joint between the forearm and the upper arm 肘，肘关节b  the part of the sleeve of a garment covering the elbow 衣服的肘部 2  an elbow-shaped bend or corner; a short piece of piping bent through a right angle 肘形的弯曲(或拐角)；短弯管 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, aside, etc.)  1  thrust or jostle (a person or oneself) (用肘)猛推，挤撞推开 2  make (one's way) by thrusting or jostling 推开；挤出(人群) □ at one's elbow   close at hand 在手头，很容易得到□ give a person the elbow  colloq.  send a person away; dismiss or reject a person [口]遣散某人；开除某人；排斥某人□ out at (or at the) elbows   1 (of a coat) worn out (指服装)磨损，穿坏 2 (of a person) ragged, poor (指人)衣衫褴褛；贫穷寒酸 [Old English elboga, elnboga, from Germanic (as ELL, BOW1)]

elbow grease n. colloq.  vigorous polishing; hard work [口]加油，苦干

elbow room n. colloq.  adequate space to move or work in [口]宽敞，不拥挤

eld /eld/ n. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1  old age 老年 2  olden time 古老的年代，旧时 [Old English (i)eldu, from Germanic: cf. OLD]

elder1 /ˈeldə/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of two indicated persons, esp. when related) senior; of a greater age (两者中，尤指亲属间)年长的，岁数大的  my elder brother  我哥哥 ●n. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  1  a  the older or more senior of two indicated (esp. related) persons (两个当中)岁数大些的人，年长些的人(尤指亲属间)  which is the elder?  哪个年长些？ is my elder by ten years  比我大 10 岁的…b (作 Elder)  a title to distinguish between related persons of renown 有名望亲属之间作区别的称号  Pitt the Elder  大皮特 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  persons of greater age or seniority 老(年)人  respect your elders  尊敬你家的老人b  persons venerable because of age 老弱的人群 3  a person advanced in life 前辈，长者 4 hist.  a member of a senate or governing body [史义]元老院(或执政机构)元老 5  an official in the early Christian, Presbyterian, or Mormon Churches 早期基督教、长老会、摩门教的长老 □ eldership  n.   [Old English eldra, related to OLD]

elder2 /ˈeldə/ n.  any shrub or tree of the genus Sambucus, with white flowers and usu. blue-black or red berries 接骨木 [Old English ellœrn]

elderberry /ˈeldəberi, -b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the berry of the elder, esp. the common elder (Sambucus nigra) used for making jelly, wine, etc. 接骨木果实(可用来制果冻、酒等)

elder brother n. (pl. elder brethren) Brit.  each of thirteen senior members of Trinity House [英]领港协会十三主持会员之一

elderflower /ˈeldəflaʊə/ n.  the flower of the elder 接骨木花

elder hand n. Cards  the first player 【牌戏】先手，第一个出牌的人

elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj.  1  somewhat old 年长的，年龄大些的 2 (of a person) past middle age (人)过中年的，老年的 □ elderliness  n.  

elder statesman n.  an influential experienced person, esp. a politician, of advanced age 老前辈，(尤指)政界元老

eldest /ˈeldist/ adj. & n. ●adj.  first-born or oldest surviving (member of a family, son, daughter, etc.) 家中年龄最大的(儿子、女儿等) ●n. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  the eldest of three or more indicated (3 个以上中)最年长者，年龄最大的人  who is the eldest?  年纪最大的是谁？ [Old English (as ELDER1)]

eldest hand n. Cards  the first player 【牌戏】先手，最先出牌者

eldorado /eldəˈrɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  any imaginary country or city abounding in gold 想像中布满金子的城市或国家 2  a place of great abundance 丰裕，富饶的地方 [Spanish el dorado ‘the gilded’]

eldritch /ˈel(d)ritʃ/ adj. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  weird 古怪的，怪异的 2  hideous 骇人听闻的，可怕的 [16th c.: perhaps related to ELF]

Eleanor /ˈelinə/   埃莉诺 [人名]

elecampane /ˌelikæmˈpein/ n.  a sunflower-like plant, Inula helenium, with bitter aromatic leaves and roots, used in herbal medicine and cookery 土木香 [medieval Latin enula campana (enula from Greek helenion ‘elecampane’, campana probably ‘of the fields’ from campus ‘field’)]

elect /iˈlekt/ v. & adj. ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  1  choose 选择，挑选  the principles they elected to follow  他们选择的执行方针 2  choose (a person) by vote 选举，推选  elected a new chairman  选举新主席 3 Theol. (of God) choose (persons) in preference to others for salvation 【神】(上帝)挑选(某人)使其得救 ●adj.  1  chosen 选取的，挑中的 2  select, choice 挑选的；决择的 , 3 Theol.  chosen by God 【神】被上帝选取的，由神选中的 4 (in comb. 用于复合词 , after a noun designating office 跟在与政府机关职位有关的名词后面)  chosen but not yet in office 当选但尚未正式开始工作  president-elect  当选总统 □ electable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin electus, past part. of eligere elect- (as E-, legere ‘pick’)]

election /iˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of electing or being elected, esp. of members of a political body 选举；被选举(尤指政治机构成员) 2  the act or an instance of electing 选举活动；推选 [Middle English via Old French from Latin electio -onis (as ELECT)]

electioneer /iˌlekʃəˈniə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  take part in an election campaign 竞选；参选 2 derog.  seek election by currying favour with voters [贬]拉选票 ●n.  a person who electioneers 竞选者；参选者

elective /iˈlektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of an office or its holder) filled or appointed by election (官职或官员)由选举产生的，选出来的b (of authority) derived from election (行政管理机构)由选举产生的，民选的 2 (of a body) having the power to elect (机构)有选举权的 3  having a tendency to act on or be concerned with some things rather than others 有选择地行事的，有针对性地关注的  elective affinity  有选择的亲合力 4 (of a course of study) chosen by the student; optional (指学习的课程、科目)选修的 5 (of a surgical operation etc.) optional; not urgently necessary (外科手术等)可选用的，非急需的 ●n. US  an elective course of study [美]选修课 □ electively  adv.   [French électif -ive from Late Latin electivus (as ELECT)]

elector /iˈlektə/ n.  1  a person who has the right of voting to elect an MP etc. 有选举(议员等)权的人，选民 2 (作 Elector) hist.  a German prince entitled to take part in the election of the Emperor [史义]选帝侯(德国有权选举帝国君主的诸侯) 3 US  a member of an electoral college [美]选举团成员 □ electorship  n.   [Middle English via French électeur from Latin elector (as ELECT)]

electoral /iˈlekt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  relating to or ranking as electors 选举人的，竞选者的 □ electorally  adv.  

electoral college n.  1  a body of persons representing the states of the US, who cast votes for the election of the President 选举团(美国各州为选举总统而推选的一群选举人) 2  a body of electors 选举团

electoral roll n. (also 亦作 electoral register)  an official list of those in a district, parish, etc., entitled to vote 各区、堂区等选举人的正式名单

electorate /iˈlekt(ə)rət/ n.  1  a body of electors 选举团 2 Austral. & NZ  an area represented by one Member of Parliament [澳新]选区(由一名议员代表) 3 hist.  the office or territories of a German Elector [史义] (神圣罗马帝国时，德国)选帝侯的辖区或领地

Electra complex /iˈlektrə/ n. Psychol.  a daughter's subconscious sexual attraction to her father and hostility towards her mother, corresponding to the Oedipus complex in a son 【心】(女儿的)恋父仇母情结(与儿子的恋母仇父情结“ Oedipus complex ”相对) [from the name of Electra in Greek tragedy, who caused her mother to be murdered for having murdered Electra's father]

Electress /iˈlektris/ n. hist.  the wife of a German Elector [史义]神圣罗马帝国时期德国选帝侯的夫人

electret /iˈlektrit/ n. Physics  a permanently polarized piece of dielectric material, analogous to a permanent magnet 【物理学】驻极体 [ELECTRICITY + MAGNET]

electric /iˈlektrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, worked by, or charged with electricity; producing or capable of generating electricity 电的，电力的，电动的；发电的；带电的 2  causing or charged with sudden and dramatic excitement 使人震惊的，高度刺激的  the news had an electric effect  令人震惊的消息 the atmosphere was electric  气氛紧张刺激 ●n.  1  an electric light, vehicle, etc. 电灯，电光源；电动车辆 2 (in pl. 用复数)  electrical equipment 电气设备 □ electrically  adv.   [modern Latin electricus via Latin electrum from Greek ēlektron ‘amber’, the rubbing of which causes electrostatic phenomena]

electrical /iˈlektrik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or concerned with or of the nature of electricity 电的，电力的 2  operating by electricity 电动的，电气的 3  = ELECTRICadj. 2 

electricals /iˈlektrik(ə)lz/ n. pl.  1  shares in companies manufacturing electrical goods 电气公司的股票 2  electrical equipment or circuitry 电器设备，电路

electric blanket n.  an electrically wired blanket used for heating a bed 电热毯

electric blue n. & adj. ●n.  a steely or brilliant light blue 铁蓝色，钢青色(一种极亮的浅蓝色) ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 铁蓝色的，钢青色的

electric chair n.  a chair used for capital punishment by electrocution in certain judicial systems (执行死刑用的)电椅

electric eel n.  an eel-like freshwater fish, Electrophorus electricus, native to S. America, that kills its prey by electric shock (产于南美淡水中的)电鳗

electric eye n. colloq.  a photoelectric cell operating a relay when the beam of light illuminating it is obscured [口] (开启继电器用的)电眼，光电管；光电池

electric fence n.  a fence charged with electricity, often consisting of one strand 电篱笆，电网(常为一根线)

electric field n.  a region of electrical influence 电场

electric fire n. Brit.  an electrically operated incandescent or convector heater, usu. portable and for domestic use [英]电热炉(通常为家用便携式)

electric guitar n.  a guitar with built-in electrical sound pick-up or pick-ups rather than a soundbox 电吉它

electric hare  see 见 HARE n. 2 

electrician /ilekˈtriʃ(ə)n, el-/ n.  a person who installs or maintains electrical equipment, esp. professionally 电气技师，电气工程师，电工(尤指专业电工)

electricity /ilekˈtrisiti, el-, i:l-/ n.  1  a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (electrons, protons, etc.), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current 电，电流 2  the branch of physics dealing with electricity 电学 3  a supply of electric current for heating, lighting, etc. 供电 4  a state of heightened emotion; excitement, tension 非常激动，兴奋，紧张

electric organ n.  1 Biol.  an organ in certain fishes able to produce an electrical discharge for stunning prey or sensing the surroundings, or as a defence 【生】(某些鱼类的)发电器(官) 2 Mus.  an electrically operated organ 【音】电风琴

electric ray n.  any of several fish of the ray family Torpedinidae which can give an electric shock (see 见 RAY2) 电鳐

electric shaver n. (also 亦作 electric razor)  an electrical device for shaving, with oscillating or rotating blades behind a metal guard 电动剃须刀

electric shock n.  the effect of a sudden discharge of electricity on a person or animal, usually with stimulation of the nerves and contraction of the muscles 触电；电击

electric storm n.  a violent disturbance of the electrical condition of the atmosphere 电暴，雷暴

electrify /iˈlektrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  charge (a body) with electricity 使起电，使带电；使触电 2  convert (machinery or the place or system employing it) to the use of electric power 使电气化 3  cause dramatic or sudden excitement in 使激动；使兴奋；使震惊 □ electrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ electrifier  n.  

electro /iˈlektrəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  = ELECTROTYPEn.  2  = ELECTROPLATEn.  ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed) colloq. [口]  1  = ELECTROTYPEv.  2  = ELECTROPLATEv.  [abbreviation]

electro- /iˈlektrəʊ/ comb. form  of, relating to, or caused by electricity (electrocute 使触电死亡 ; electromagnet 电磁体) [构词成分]电的；电动的；电气的 [Greek ēlektron ‘amber’: see ELECTRIC]

electro-acoustic /iˌlektrəʊəˈku:stik/ adj.  1  involving the direct conversion of electrical into acoustic energy or vice versa 电声的，电声转换的 2 (of music) performed or composed with the creative use of electronic equipment (指音乐)电子乐的，电声的

electrobiology /iˌlektrəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the electrical phenomena of living things 电生物学(研究生物带电现象的学问)

electrocardiogram /iˌlektrəʊˈkɑ:diəɡræm/ n.  a record of the heartbeat traced by an electrocardiograph 心电图 [German Elektrocardiogramm (as ELECTRO-, CARDIO-, -GRAM)]

electrocardiograph /iˌlektrəʊˈkɑ:diəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument recording the electric currents generated by a person's heartbeat 心电图描记器，心电图仪 □ electrocardiographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ electrocardiography  /-ˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

electrochemistry /iˌlektrəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the branch of science that deals with the relations between electrical and chemical phenomena 电化学 □ electrochemical  adj.  □ electrochemically  adv.  □ electrochemist  n.  

electroconvulsive /iˌlektrəʊkənˈvʌlsiv/ adj. (of a therapy) employing the application of electric shocks to the brain, which induces a convulsion, as in some treatments for mental illness (疗法)电抽搐(电惊厥)的

electrocute /iˈlektrəkju:t/ v. tr.  1  kill by electricity (as a form of capital punishment) 用电刑处死 2  cause the death of by electric shock 使触电而死 □ electrocution  /-ˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [ELECTRO-, after EXECUTE]

electrode /iˈlektrəʊd/ n.  a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an electrolyte, gas, vacuum, etc. 电极 [ELECTRIC + Greek hodos ‘way’]

electrodialysis /iˌlektrəʊdaiˈælisis/ n.  dialysis in which the movement of ions is aided by an electric field applied across the semi-permeable membrane 电渗析

electrodynamics /iˌlektrəʊdaiˈnæmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the branch of mechanics concerned with electric current applied to motive forces 电动力学 □ electrodynamic  adj.  

electroencephalogram /iˌlektrəʊinˈsef(ə)ləɡ-ræm, -ˈkef-/ n.  a record of the brain's activity traced by an electroencephalograph 脑电图 [German Elektrenkephalogramm (as ELECTRO-, ENCEPHALO-, -GRAM)]

electroencephalograph /iˌlektrəʊinˈsef(ə)ləɡ-rɑ:f, -ˈkef-/ n.  an instrument recording the electrical activity of the brain 脑电图描记器，脑电图仪 □ electroencephalography  /-ˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  

electroluminescence /iˌlektrəʊlu:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n. Chem.  luminescence produced electrically, esp. by the application of a voltage 【化】电致发光(尤指施加电压所致的发光) □ electroluminescent  adj.  

electrolyse /iˈlektrəlaiz/ v. tr. (US [美] -yze)  subject to or treat by electrolysis 电解，用电解法处理 □ electrolyser  n.   [ELECTROLYSIS, on the pattern of analyse]

electrolysis /iˌlekˈtrɒlisis, ˌelekˈtrɒlisis/ n.  1 Chem.  the decomposition of a substance by the application of an electric current 【化】电解，用电解法分解 2 Surgery  this process applied to the destruction of tumours, hair-roots, etc. 【外科】电蚀法；电蚀除瘤(或发根等) □ electrolytic  /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈlitik/ adj.  □ electrolytical  /-ˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  □ electrolytically  /-ˈlitik(ə)li/ adv.   [ELECTRO- + -LYSIS]

electrolyte /iˈlektrəlait/ n.  1  a liquid which contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, esp. that present in a battery 电解液(尤指电池中的电解液) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Physiol.  the ionized or ionizable constituents of a living cell, blood, etc. 【生理】电解质(细胞、血液中离子化的或可电离的物质) [ELECTRO- + Greek lutos ‘released’ from luō ‘loosen’]

electromagnet /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈmæɡnit/ n.  a soft metal core made into a magnet by the passage of electric current through a coil surrounding it 电磁体，电磁铁

electromagnetic /iˌlektrə(ʊ)mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  having both an electrical and a magnetic character or properties 电磁的，电磁体的 □ electromagnetically  /-ˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.  

electromagnetic radiation n.  a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, X-rays, etc., in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously 电磁幅射

electromagnetic spectrum n.  the range of wavelengths over which electromagnetic radiation extends 电磁波谱

electromagnetic units n. pl.  a largely disused system of units derived primarily from the magnetic properties of electric currents 电磁单位

electromagnetism /iˌlektrəʊˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the magnetic forces produced by electricity 电磁，电磁力 2  the study of this 电磁学

electromechanical /iˌlektrəʊmiˈkænik(ə)l/ adj.  relating to the application of electricity to mechanical processes, devices, etc. 电动的；电动机械的；电机的

electrometer /ilekˈtrɒmitə, el-/ n.  an instrument for measuring electrical potential without drawing any current from the circuit 静电计(一种无需电流即可测出物体电气性能的仪器) □ electrometric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ electrometry  n.  

electromotive /iˌlektrəˈməʊtiv/ adj.  producing or tending to produce an electric current 电动势的，产生电流的

electromotive force n.  a difference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current (abbr. 缩略 : emf, EMF) 电动势

electron /iˈlektrɒn/ n.  a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids 电子 [ELECTRIC + -ON]

electron beam n.  a stream of electrons in a gas or vacuum 电子束，电子流

electron diffraction n.  the diffraction of a beam of electrons by atoms or molecules, used for determining crystal structures etc. 电子衍射(用于测定晶体结构)

electronegative /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈneɡətiv/ adj.  1  electrically negative 带负电的，负电物质的 2 Chem. (of an element) tending to acquire electrons in chemical reactions 【化】电负性的，阴电的

electron gun n.  a device for producing a narrow stream of electrons from a heated cathode 电子枪

electronic /ilekˈtrɒnik, el-/ adj.  1  a  produced by or involving the flow of electrons 电子的b  of or relating to electrons or electronics 电子学的 2 (of a device) using electronic components (指装置、器材)电子的，使用电子元件的 3  a (of music) produced by electronic means and usu. recorded on tape (指音乐)电声的，电子乐的(通常录在磁带上)b (of a musical instrument) producing sounds by electronic means (乐器)电子的，电声的 □ electronically  adv.  

electronic flash n.  a flash from a gas-discharge tube, used in high-speed photography 电子闪光

electronic mail n.  1  messages distributed by electronic means esp. from one computer system to one or more recipients 电子邮件，电子信函 2  the electronic mail system Also called 亦称作 e-mail 电子邮件系统

electronic publishing n.  the publishing of books etc. in machine-readable form rather than on paper 电子出版物，电子图书，电子读物

electronics /ilekˈtrɒniks, el-/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of physics and technology concerned with the behaviour and movement of electrons in a vacuum, gas, semiconductor, etc. 电子学 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  the circuits used in this 电子电路

electronic tagging n.  the attaching of electronic markers to people, goods, etc., enabling them to be traced 电子标识，电子标签(供跟踪用的电子标记)

electron lens n.  a device for focusing a stream of electrons by means of electric or magnetic fields 电子透镜

electron microscope n.  a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses 电子显微镜

electron pair n.  1 Chem.  two electrons in the same orbital in an atom or molecule 【化】电子对(原子或分子中在同一轨道上运行的两个电子) 2 Physics  an electron and a positron produced in a high-energy reaction 【物理学】电子对(在高能反应中产生的正负电子)

electron spin resonance n.  a spectroscopic method of locating electrons within the molecules of a paramagnetic substance (abbr. 缩略 : ESR) 电子顺磁共振，电子自旋共振

electronvolt /iˈlektrɒnvəʊlt, -vɒlt/ n.  a unit of energy equal to the work done on an electron in accelerating it through a potential difference of one volt (abbr. 缩略 : eV) 电子伏特

electrophilic /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈfilik/ adj. Chem.  having an affinity for electrons 【化】亲电子的 □ electrophile  /iˈlektrə(ʊ)fail/ n.  

electrophoresis /iˌlektrə(ʊ)fəˈri:sis/ n. Physics & Chem.  the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field 【物理学】【化】电泳 □ electrophoretic  /-fəˈretik/ adj.   [ELECTRO- + Greek phorēsis ‘being carried’]

electrophorus /ilekˈtrɒf(ə)rəs, el-/ n.  a device for repeatedly generating static electricity by induction 起电盘 [modern Latin, from ELECTRO- + Greek -phoros ‘bearing’]

electrophysiology /iˌlektrəʊfiziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of physiology that deals with the electrical phenomena associated with nervous and other bodily activity 电生理学 □ electrophysiological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

electroplate /iˈlektrə(ʊ)pleit, iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈpleit/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  coat (a utensil etc.) by electrolytic deposition with chromium, silver, etc. 电镀 ●n.  electroplated articles 电镀件，电镀品 □ electroplater  n.  

electroplexy /iˈlektrəpleksi/ n. Brit.  electroconvulsive therapy [英]电休克疗法 [ELECTRO- + APOPLEXY]

electroporation /iˌlektrəʊpəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. Biol.  the action or process of introducing DNA or chromosomes into the cells of bacteria etc. using a pulse of electricity to open the pores in the cell membranes briefly 【生】电穿孔，电子植入法(用电脉冲在细胞膜上穿孔，将 DNA 或染色体加入细菌等生物细胞中的方法) [ELECTRO- + PORE1 -ATION]

electropositive /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈpɒsitiv/ adj.  1  electrically positive 带正电的 2 Chem. (of an element) tending to lose electrons in chemical reactions 【化】阳电的，电正(性)的

electroscope /iˈlektrəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for detecting and measuring electricity, esp. as an indication of the ionization of air by radioactivity 验电器(尤指用来测量由放射造成的气体电离程度的装置) □ electroscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  

electro-shock /iˈlektrə(ʊ)ʃɒk/ attrib. adj. (of medical treatment) by means of electric shocks; electroconvulsive (疗法)电休克的

electrostatic /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈstætik/ adj.  of or relating to stationary electric charges or electrostatics 静电(放电)的，静电学的 [ELECTRO- + STATIC on the pattern of hydrostatic]

electrostatics /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈstætiks/ n.  the study of stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents 静电学

electrostatic units n. pl.  a system of units based primarily on the forces between electric charges 静电单位

electrotechnology /iˌlektrəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of the application of electricity in technology 电工技术；电工学 □ electrotechnic  /-ˈteknik/ adj.  □ electrotechnical  /-ˈteknik(ə)l/ adj.  □ electrotechnics  /-ˈtekniks/ n.  

electrotherapy /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of diseases by the use of electricity 电疗(法) □ electrotherapeutic  /-ˈpju:tik/ adj.  □ electrotherapeutical  /-ˈpju:tik(ə)l/ adj.  □ electrotherapist  n.  

electrothermal /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  relating to heat electrically derived 电热的，电取暖的

electrotype /iˈlektrə(ʊ)taip/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  copy by the electrolytic deposition of copper on a mould, esp. for printing 把…制成电铸版(尤指制造印刷用版) ●n.  a copy so formed 电铸版 □ electrotyper  n.  

electrovalent /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem. (of bonding) resulting from electrostatic attraction between ions 【化】电价的 □ electrovalence  n.  □ electrovalency  n.   [ELECTRO- + -valent, on the pattern of trivalent etc.]

electroweak /iˌlektrəʊˈwi:k/ adj. Physics  relating to or denoting electromagnetic and weak interactions regarded as manifestations of the same interaction 【物理学】电磁弱作用的

electrum /iˈlektrəm/ n.  1  an alloy of silver and gold used in ancient times (古代的)银金合金 2  native argentiferous gold ore (天然的)银金矿 [Middle English via Latin from Greek ēlektron ‘amber, electrum’]

electuary /iˈlektjʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  medicinal powder etc. mixed with honey or other sweet substance (与蜂蜜或其他甜味品混合而成的)药糖剂 [Middle English from Late Latin electuarium, probably via Greek ekleikton from ekleikhō ‘lick up’]

eleemosynary /ˌelii:ˈmɒsinəri, -ˈmɒz-/ adj.  1  of or dependent on alms 靠施舍为生的，靠人救济的 2  charitable 可怜的，让人怜悯的 3  gratuitous 免费的 [medieval Latin eleemosynarius from Late Latin eleemosyna: see ALMS]

elegant /ˈeliɡ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  graceful in appearance or manner (外表或举止)优雅的，高贵的 2  tasteful, refined 有品位的，格调高的 3 (of a mode of life etc.) of refined luxury (指生活方式等)豪华的，讲究的 4  ingeniously simple and pleasing 明快的，简洁的，简练的 5 US  excellent [美]出色的，优秀的 □ elegance  n.  □ elegantly  adv.   [French élégant or Latin elegant-, related to eligere: see ELECT]

elegiac /eliˈdʒaiək/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a metre) used for elegies (指韵律)挽歌体的，哀歌韵律的 2  mournful 哀悼的，悲哀的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  verses in an elegiac metre 挽歌，哀歌 □ elegiacally  adv.   [French élégiaque or from Late Latin elegiacus from Greek elegeiakos: see ELEGY]

elegiac couplet n.  a pair of lines consisting of a dactylic hexameter and a pentameter, esp. in Greek and Latin verse 挽歌对句(一种有六步格和五步格长短句的诗歌体，尤见于希腊、拉丁诗歌中)

elegize /ˈelidʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 upon)  write an elegy 写哀歌，写挽诗 2 intr.  write in a mournful strain 以哀伤的笔调写作 3 tr.  write an elegy upon 写哀歌，写悼词 □ elegist  n.  

elegy /ˈelidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a song of lament, esp. for the dead (sometimes vaguely used of other poems) 哀歌 , (尤指)挽歌(有时亦含蓄地被用于其他诗歌中) 2  a poem in elegiac metre 哀歌体的诗，哀诗 [French élégie or Latin elegia from Greek elegeia, from elegos ‘mournful poem’]

element /ˈelim(ə)nt/ n.  1  a component part or group; a contributing factor or thing 因素，要素，成分 2 Chem. & Physics  any of the hundred or so substances that cannot be resolved by chemical means into simpler substances, each consisting of atoms with the same atomic number 【化】【物理学】元素 3  a  any of the four substances (earth, water, air, and fire) in ancient and medieval philosophy (古代及中世纪哲学中论述的)世间四大元素(土、水、风和火)之一b  any of these as a being's natural abode or environment 生存环境；自然环境 4  a resistance wire that heats up in an electric heater, cooker, etc.; an electrode (电炉等电热器具中使用的)电热丝，电极 5 (in pl. 用复数)  atmospheric agencies, esp. wind and storm 自然力(尤指风与暴风雨) 6 (in pl. 用复数)  the rudiments of learning or of a branch of knowledge 初级知识，初步知识，基本知识 7 (in pl. 用复数)  the bread and wine of the Eucharist 圣餐仪式中用的面包和葡萄酒 8 Math. & Logic  an entity that is a single member of a set 【数】【逻辑学】(集合中的)元素 □ in (or out of) one's element   in (or out of) one's accustomed or preferred surroundings 在适宜(或习惯)的环境中(外) [Middle English via Old French from Latin elementum]

elemental /eliˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the four elements (古代)四元素的 2  of the powers of nature 自然力的  elemental worship  自然力崇拜 3  comparable to a force of nature 可与自然力比拟的  elemental grandeur  威严 elemental tumult  激烈的吵闹 4  uncompounded 单质的；基本的；元素的  elemental oxygen  单质氧 5  essential 基本的，根本的，基础的 ●n.  an entity or force thought to be physically manifested by occult means 神秘之力，超自然力 □ elementalism  n. (in senses 1, 2 用于释义 1 和 2)   [medieval Latin elementalis (as ELEMENT)]

elementary /eliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  a  dealing with or arising from the simplest facts of a subject; rudimentary, introductory 初级的，初等的，初步的b  simple 简单的，容易的 2 Chem.  not decomposable 【化】元素的，不可再分的 □ elementarily  adv.  □ elementariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin elementarius (as ELEMENT)]

elementary particle n.  a subatomic particle, esp. one not known to be decomposable into simpler particles 基本粒子

elementary school n.  1 Brit. hist.  a school in which primary instruction is given [英史义]小学 2 US  a primary school for usu. the first six or eight grades [美]小学，初等学校(通常指一至六或八年级)

elenchus /iˈleŋkəs/ n. (pl. elenchi /-kai/) Logic  logical refutation 【逻辑学】逻辑反驳，间接反驳 □ elenctic  adj.   [Latin from Greek elegkhos]

elephant /ˈelif(ə)nt/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or elephants)  1  the largest living land animal, of which two species survive, the larger African  Loxodonta africana  非洲象 and the smaller Indian  Elephas maximus  亚洲象, both with a trunk and long curved ivory tusks 象，大象 2 Brit.  a size of paper (711 × 584mm) [英]一种纸张尺寸 (711 × 584 毫米) □ elephantoid  /-ˈfæntɔid/ adj.   [Middle English olifaunt etc. from Old French oli-, elefant, ultimately via Latin elephantus, elephans from Greek elephas -antos ‘ivory, elephant’]

elephant-bird n.  an extinct giant flightless bird of Madagascar, of the genus Aepyornis 隆鸟(一种已灭绝，不会飞的巨鸟，产于马达加斯加)

elephant grass n.  any of various tall African grasses, esp. Pennisetum purpureum 象草(产于非洲的高大野草)，象草香蒲

elephantiasis /ˌelif(ə)nˈtaiəsis/ n.  gross enlargement of the body, esp. the limbs, due to lymphatic obstruction by a nematode parasite transmitted by mosquitoes 象皮病 [Latin from Greek (as ELEPHANT)]

elephantine /eliˈfæntain/ adj.  1  of elephants 大象的 2  a  huge 巨大的，硕大的b  clumsy, unwieldy 笨重的，笨拙的  elephantine movements  笨拙的行动 elephantine humour  不得体的幽默 [Latin elephantinus from Greek elephantinos (as ELEPHANT)]

elephant seal n.  a very large seal of the genus Mirounga, the male of which has an inflatable snout Also called 亦称作 sea elephant 象海豹，海象

elephant shrew n.  any small insect-eating mammal of the family Macroscelididae, native to Africa, having a long snout and long hind limbs 象鼩(产于非洲，鼻子与后肢较长)

Eleusinian /eljʊˈsiniən/ adj.  of or relating to Eleusis near Athens 依洛西斯(古希腊城市，靠近雅典)的 [Latin Eleusinius from Greek Eleusinios]

Eleusinian mysteries n. pl. Gk Hist.  the annual celebrations held at ancient Eleusis in honour of Demeter [希]【史】依洛西斯秘仪(每年一度在西斯古城举行的宗教仪式，祭祀谷物女神得墨忒耳)

elevate /ˈeliveit/ v. tr.  1  bring to a higher position 提，升，使抬高 2 Eccl.  hold up (the Host or the chalice) for adoration 【教会】(做弥撒时)高举(圣饼或圣餐杯) 3  raise, lift (one's eyes etc.) 抬起(眼睛等) 4  raise the axis of (a gun) 举起(枪瞄准) 5  raise (a railway etc.) above ground level 架高(铁轨) 6  exalt in rank etc. 晋升职位 7 (usu. as 通常作 elevated adj.)  raise morally or intellectually (在道德上、智力上)提高的；变得高尚的  elevated style  高尚的风格 8 (as 作 elevated adj.) colloq.  slightly drunk [口]微醉的，轻醉的 □ elevatory  adj.   [Latin elevare ‘raise’ (as E-, levis ‘light’)]

elevation /eliˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of elevating or being elevated 提高，抬起，举起，升起b  the angle with the horizontal, esp. of a gun or of the direction of a celestial object 仰角(尤指射击或天体定位中的角度)c  the height above a given level, esp. sea level 高度(尤指海拔高度)d  a high place or position 高度，高处 2  a  a drawing or diagram made by projection on a vertical plane (cf. 参见 PLAN n.) 立视图b  a flat drawing of the front, side, or back of a house etc. (房屋等的)正(或背)面图 3 Ballet 【芭蕾舞】  a  the capacity of a dancer to attain height in springing movements 空中动作，腾空技巧b  the action of tightening the muscles and uplifting the body (芭蕾中)演员收紧腹肌，抬高身姿的动作 □ elevational  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French elevation or Latin elevatio: see ELEVATE]

elevator /ˈeliveitə/ n.  1  a hoisting machine 升降机 2 Aeron.  the movable part of a tailplane for changing the pitch of an aircraft 【空】飞机尾翼上的升降舵 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  = LIFTn. 电梯b  a place for lifting and storing quantities of grain (能进行吊卸、储存的)谷物仓库，粮囤 4  that which elevates, esp. a muscle that raises a limb 能提起他物的(器具、肌肉等), (尤指)提起臂、腿部的上提肌 [modern Latin (as ELEVATE)]

eleven /iˈlev(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than ten; the sum of six units and five units 十一 2  a symbol for this 表示十一的符号 (11, xi, XI) 3  a size etc. denoted by eleven (尺寸等)十一号 4  eleven o'clock 11 点 5  a set or team of eleven individuals 11 (人)为一队， 11 个为一套 ●adj.  that amount to eleven (数目)十一的 [Old English endleofon, from Germanic]

elevenfold /iˈlev(ə)nfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  eleven times as much or as many 十一倍的 2  consisting of eleven parts 有十一份的，可分成十一份的

eleven-plus n. esp. hist. (in the UK) an examination taken at the age of 11 － 12 to determine the type of secondary school a child should enter [史义] (英国)11 至 12 岁儿童参加的(分类)考试

elevenses /iˈlev(ə)nziz/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit. colloq.  light refreshment, usu. with tea or coffee, taken about 11 a.m [英口]早茶(早上 11 点左右吃的通常带茶或咖啡的点心)

eleventh /iˈlev(ə)nθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 11 in the sequence 1 － 11 第十一 2  something occupying this position 第十一位，第十一个 3  one of eleven equal parts of a thing 十一分之一 4 Mus.  a  an interval or chord spanning an octave and a third in the diatonic scale 【音】十一度音程式和声b  a note separated from another by this interval 音高相差为 11 度的音 ●adj.  that is the eleventh 第十一的 □ the eleventh hour   the last possible moment 最后机会，最后时刻

elevon /ˈelivɒn/ n. Aeron.  the movable part of the trailing edge of a delta wing 【空】三角翼的升降副翼 [ELEVATOR + AILERON]

elf /elf/ n. (pl. elves /elvz/)  1  a mythological being, esp. one that is small and mischievous 精灵 , (尤指个子矮小、喜欢恶作剧的)小精灵 2  a sprite or little creature 小妖精，小东西，小家伙 □ elfish  adj.  □ elvish  adj.   [Old English, from Germanic]

elfin /ˈelfin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of elves; elflike (似)矮人的，小精灵的 ●n. archaic  a dwarf; a child [古义]小矮人；小孩子 [ELF, perhaps influenced by Middle English elvene, genitive pl. of elf, and by Elphin, the name of a character in Arthurian romance]

elf-lock n.  a tangled mass of hair 卷结的头发

elicit /iˈlisit/ v. tr. (elicited, eliciting)  1  draw out, evoke (an admission, response, etc.) 使说出，引出；引起(回响) 2  draw forth (what is latent) 引出(潜在的东西), 使得出 □ elicitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ elicitor  n.   [Latin elicere elicit- (as E-, lacere ‘entice’)]

elide /iˈlaid/ v. tr.  omit (a vowel or syllable) by elision 省略(元音或音节) [Latin elidere elis- ‘crush out’ (as E-, laedere ‘knock’)]

eligible /ˈelidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fit or entitled to be chosen 有资格(参加)的，有权参选的，符合参与条件的  eligible for a rebate  有资格取回扣的 2  desirable or suitable, esp. as a partner in marriage 需要的，想要的；合适的(尤指适合作为婚姻伴侣的) □ eligibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ eligibly  adv.   [French éligible from Late Latin eligibilis (as ELECT)]

eliminate /iˈlimineit/ v. tr.  1  remove, get rid of 除去，除掉，消灭掉 2  exclude from consideration; ignore as irrelevant 忽略，略去 3  exclude from further participation in a competition etc. on defeat (比赛)淘汰，出局；落选 4 Physiol.  discharge (waste matter) 【生理】排泄，排放 5 Chem.  remove (a simpler substance) from a compound 【化】消去，消除 6 Algebra  remove (a quantity) by combining equations 【代数】消(元)，消去 □ eliminable  /-nəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ elimination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eliminator  n.  □ eliminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin eliminare (as E-, limen liminis ‘threshold’)]

ELINT /iˈlint/ n. (also 亦作 Elint)  covert intelligence-gathering by electronic means 用电子手段收集情报，电子侦察 [electronic intelligence]

Elisabeth /iˈlizəbəθ/   伊丽莎白 [人名]

elision /iˈliʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the omission of a vowel or syllable in pronouncing (as in 如 I'm, let's, e'en) 省音(发音中省去某些元音或音节), 元音溶合 2  the omission of a passage in a book etc. (书中章节的)省略，略去，删除 [Late Latin elisio (as ELIDE)]

elite /eiˈli:t, i-/ n. (also 亦作 élite)  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  the best or choice part of a larger body or group 精英，杰出的人或团体，出类拔萃的人 2  a select group or class 上层人士；知名人士 3  a size of letter in typewriting (12 per inch) 打字机字号的尺寸(每英寸 12 个字母) [French from obsolete past part. of élire ‘elect’, from Romanic]

elitism /eiˈli:tiz(ə)m, i-/ n. (also 亦作 élitism)  1  advocacy of or reliance on leadership or dominance by a select group 鼓吹依靠上流人士、杰出人士来领导的理论，上流人士统治论 2  a sense of belonging to an elite (高人一等的)优越感 □ elitist  n. & adj. (also 亦作 élitist)  

elixir /iˈliksə, -siə/ n.  1  a  a preparation supposedly able to change metals into gold 炼金药b (in full 全称 elixir of life)  a preparation supposedly able to prolong life indefinitely 长生不老药c  a supposed remedy for all ills 万能药，包治百病的灵丹妙药 2 Pharm.  an aromatic solution used as a medicine or flavouring 【药】酏剂(作药或作口味添加剂用) [Middle English via medieval Latin from Arabic al-iksīr, from al ‘the’ + iksīr, probably from Greek xērion ‘powder for drying wounds’ from xēros ‘dry’]

Eliza /iˈlaizə/   伊莱扎 [人名]

Elizabeth /iˈlizəbəθ/   伊丽莎白 [人名]

Elizabethan /iˌlizəˈbi:θ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the time of Queen Elizabeth I (1558 － 1603) or of Queen Elizabeth II (1952 －) 伊丽莎白一世时代的或伊丽莎白二世时代的 ●n.  a person, esp. a writer, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I or II 伊丽莎白一世或二世时代的人(尤指作家)

elk /elk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or elks)  1  a large deer, Alces alces, of northern Eurasia and N. America, with palmate antlers and a growth of skin hanging from the neck; also called moose 麋鹿(在北美称驼鹿) 2 N. Amer.  a wapiti [北美]美洲赤鹿 [Middle English, probably representing Old English elh, eolh]

elk-hound n.  1  a large hunting dog of a Scandinavian breed with a shaggy coat (挪威)猎狗 2  this breed 有猎狗血统的狗

ell /el/ n. hist.  a former measure of length, about 45 inches [史义]厄尔(旧时的长度计量单位 , 1 厄尔约为 45 英寸) [Old English eln, related to Latin ulna: see ULNA]

Ella /ˈelə/   埃拉 [人名]

Ellen /ˈelin/   埃伦 [人名]

Ellie /ˈeli/   埃利 [人名]

ellipse /iˈlips/ n.  a regular oval, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base (cf. 参见 HYPERBOLA) 椭圆 [French via Latin ellipsus from Greek elleipsis, from elleipō ‘come short’ from en ‘in’ + leipō ‘leave’]

ellipsis /iˈlipsis/ n. (also 亦作 ellipse) (pl. ellipses /-si:z/)  1  the omission from a sentence of words needed to complete the construction or sense (句中词语的)省略 2  the omission of a sentence at the end of a paragraph (段末句子的)省略 3  a set of three dots etc. indicating an omission 省略号，表示省略的“…”符号

ellipsoid /iˈlipsɔid/ n.  a solid of which all the plane sections normal to one axis are circles and all the other plane sections are ellipses 椭圆体 □ ellipsoidal  /elipˈsɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

elliptic /iˈliptik/ adj. (also 亦作 elliptical)  of, relating to, or having the form of an ellipse or ellipsis 椭圆的，椭圆形的 □ elliptically  adv.  □ ellipticity  /elipˈtisiti/ n.   [Greek elleiptikos ‘defective’, from elleipō (as ELLIPSE)]

elm /elm/ n.  1 (also 亦作 elm tree)  any tree of the genus Ulmus, with rough serrated leaves, esp. (in full 全称 English elm) U. procera 榆(树) 2 (in full 全称 elmwood /ˈelmwʊd/)  the wood of the elm 榆木 □ elmy  adj.   [Old English, related to Latin ulmus]

Elmer /ˈelmə/   埃尔默 [人名]

elocution /eləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the art of clear and expressive speech, esp. of distinct pronunciation and articulation 演讲的技巧，演讲术，(尤指)吐字发音和吐字清晰 2  a particular style of speaking 一种演讲风格 □ elocutionary  adj.  □ elocutionist  n.   [Latin elocutio from eloqui elocut- ‘speak out’ (as E-, loqui ‘speak’)]

elongate /ˈi:lɒŋɡeit/ v. & adj. ●v.  1 tr.  lengthen, prolong 拉长，伸长，使拉长，使伸长 2 intr. esp. Biol.  grow longer (尤)【生】生得细长，长得较长 ●adj. Bot. & Zool. 【植】【动】  = ELONGATED 1  [Late Latin elongare (as E-, Latin longus ‘long’)]

elongated /ˈi:lɒŋɡeitid/ adj.  1  long in relation to its width 细长的，伸长的；狭长的(相对宽度而言) 2  that has been made longer 拉长的；延长的，伸长的

elongation /i:lɒŋˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of lengthening; the process of being lengthened 延长；伸长；拉长 2  a part of a line etc. formed by lengthening 延长线 3 Mech.  the amount of extension under stress 【机】延伸率 4 Astron.  the angular separation of a planet from the sun or of a satellite from a planet 【天】距(角) [Middle English from Late Latin elongatio (as ELONGATE)]

elope /iˈləʊp/ v. intr.  1  run away to marry secretly, esp. without parental consent 私奔，秘密结婚(尤指未经父母同意) 2  run away with a lover 与情人一起私奔，出逃 □ elopement  n.  □ eloper  n.   [Anglo-French aloper, perhaps from a Middle English form alope, related to LEAP]

eloquence /ˈeləkwəns/ n.  1  fluent and effective use of language 雄辩，流利的口才 2  rhetoric 能言善辩，善于言辞，有口才 [Middle English via Old French from Latin eloquentia, from eloqui ‘speak out’ (as E-, loqui ‘speak’)]

eloquent /ˈeləkwənt/ adj.  1  possessing or showing eloquence 有口才的，雄辩的，口才流利的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  clearly expressive or indicative 表达清楚的；明白显示的 □ eloquently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin eloqui (as ELOQUENCE)]

Elroy /ˈelrɒi/   埃尔罗伊 [人名]

El Salvador   萨尔瓦多

Elsan /ˈelsæn/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of transportable chemical lavatory [英] [商标]爱尔生马桶(一种通过化学方法除臭的可移动马桶) [apparently from E. L. Jackson (its manufacturer) + SANITATION]

else /els/ adv.  1  besides; in addition 此外，另外  someone else  其他人 nowhere else  没有其他地方 who else  其他还有谁 2  instead; other, different 别的，另外的，除此以外的  what else could I say?  我还能说什么？ he did not love her, but someone else  他不爱她，他爱的是别人 3  otherwise; if not 否则，假如…则…  run, (or) else you will be late  快跑，否则你要迟到了 [Old English elles, related to Latin alius, Greek allos]

elsewhere /elsˈwɛə, ˈelswɛə/ adv.  in or to some other place 其他地方 [Old English elles hwœˉr (as ELSE, WHERE)]

Elsie /ˈelsi/   埃尔西 [人名]

Elspeth /ˈelspəθ/   埃尔斯佩思 [人名]

eluant var.  of ELUENT  ELUENT 的变体

eluate /ˈelju:ət, -eit/ n. Chem.  a solution or gas stream obtained by elution 【化】洗出液 [formed as ELUENT]

elucidate /iˈlu:sideit, iˈlju:-/ v. tr.  throw light on; explain 解释，阐明 □ elucidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ elucidative  adj.  □ elucidator  n.  □ elucidatory  adj.   [Late Latin elucidare (as E-, LUCID)]

elude /iˈlu:d, iˈlju:d/ v. tr.  1  escape adroitly from (a danger, difficulty, pursuer, etc.); dodge (机敏地)逃脱，逃避，躲避(危险、困难、追逐等) 2  avoid compliance with (a law, request, etc.) or fulfilment of (an obligation) 逃避，躲避(法律、责任或义务) 3 (of a fact, solution, etc.) escape from or baffle (a person's memory or understanding) (事实、办法等)不记得，不为…所理解；被…难倒 □ elusion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin eludere elus- (as E-, ludere ‘play’)]

eluent /ˈeljʊənt/ n. (also 亦作 eluant) Chem.  a fluid used for elution 【化】洗出液 [Latin eluere ‘wash out’ (as E-, luere lut- ‘wash’)]

elusive /iˈlu:siv, iˈlju:-/ adj.  1  difficult to find or catch; tending to elude 难捉住的；难找到的；要逃走的 2  difficult to remember or recall 记不住的，难记的，难追忆的 3 (of an answer etc.) avoiding the point raised; seeking to elude 回避，躲避，规避(回答等) □ elusively  adv.  □ elusiveness  n.  

elute /iˈlu:t, iˈlju:t/ v. tr. Chem.  remove (an adsorbed substance) by washing with a solvent 【化】洗脱 □ elution  n.   [German eluieren (as ELUENT)]

elutriate /iˈlu:trieit, iˈlju:-/ v. tr. Chem.  separate (lighter and heavier particles in a mixture) by suspension in an upward flow of liquid or gas 【化】淘选，淘洗，淘析(将较轻、较重的物质从上层悬浮气液中分离出来) □ elutriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin elutriare elutriat- (as E-, lutriare ‘wash’)]

elver /ˈelvə/ n.  a young eel 幼鳗 [variant of eelfare (from obsolete fare ‘journey’) = a brood of young eels]

elves pl.  of ELF  

elvish  see 见 ELF 

Elysium /iˈliziəm/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Elysian Fields) (in Greek mythology) the abode of the blessed after death (希腊神话中死后居住的)乐土，极乐世界 2  a place or state of ideal happiness 乐园，天堂 □ Elysian  adj.   [Latin from Greek Elusion (pedion ‘plain’)]

elytron /ˈelitrɒn/ n. (pl. elytra /-trə/)  each of the two wing-cases of a beetle (甲虫的)鞘翅 [Greek elutron ‘sheath’]

'em /əm/ pron. colloq.  them [口]他(她)们，它们  let 'em all come  让他们都来吧 [originally a form of Middle English hem, dative and accusative 3rd person pl. pronoun: now regarded as an abbreviation of THEM]

em /em/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a unit for measuring the amount of printed matter in a line, usually equal to the nominal width of capital M 行长单位(一行中印刷符号的个数，通常以大写字母 M 的宽度为基准) 2  a unit of measurement equal to 12 points 十二点(活字)长度 [name of the letter M]

em- /im, em/ prefix  assim. form of EN-1, EN-2 before b, p 用于字母 b, p 前 EN-1, EN-2 的同化形式

emaciate /iˈmeisieit, iˈmeiʃ-/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 emaciated adj.)  make abnormally thin or feeble 使(不正常地)消瘦；使虚弱，使衰弱 □ emaciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin emaciare emaciat- (as E-, macies ‘leanness’)]

e-mail /ˈi:meil/ n. & v. (also 亦作 email) ●n.  = ELECTRONIC MAIL  ●v. tr.  1  send e-mail to (a person) (向某人)发送电子邮件 2  send by e-mail 通过电子邮件传递

emanate /ˈeməneit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from) (of an idea, rumour, etc.) issue, originate (from a source) (消息、谣言等)起于，源于，始发于 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from) (of gas, light, etc.) proceed, issue (气体、光线等)发射，散发，发出 3 tr.  emit; send forth 发射，发出，散发 [Latin emanare ‘flow out’]

emanation /eməˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of emanating 发射，散发 2  something that emanates from a source (esp. of virtues, qualities, etc.) 发射物，散发物，显示出的气质(尤指美德、品质等) 3 Chem.  a radioactive gas formed by radioactive decay 【化】(由衰变产生的)射气 □ emanative  adj.   [Late Latin emanatio (as EMANATE)]

emancipate /iˈmænsipeit/ v. tr.  1  free from restraint, esp. legal, social, or political 解放，使自由(尤指法律、社会、政治上) 2 (usu. as 通常作 emancipated adj.)  cause to be less inhibited by moral or social convention (道德、社会传统上)解放(的)；松绑(的)，使不受束缚(的) 3  free from slavery 使(从被奴役的地位获得)解放 □ emancipation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emancipator  n.  □ emancipatory  adj.   [Latin emancipare ‘transfer property’ (as E-, manus ‘hand’ + capere ‘take’)]

emasculate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /iˈmæskjʊleit/  1  deprive of force or vigour; make feeble or ineffective 使无力，使…失去活力，使柔弱 2  castrate 阉割，去势 ●adj. /iˈmæskjʊlət/  1  deprived of force or vigour 无力的，柔弱的 2  castrated 阉割的，去势的 3  effeminate 女人气的，无男子气的，柔弱的 □ emasculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emasculator  n.  □ emasculatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin emasculatus, past part. of emasculare (as E-, masculus, diminutive of mas ‘male’)]

embalm /imˈbɑ:m, em-/ v. tr.  1  preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices, now by means of arterial injection 保存(尸体)使免于腐烂；对(尸体)进行防腐处理(古代用香料，现代通过血管注射防腐剂) 2  preserve from oblivion 使不被遗忘，使不被埋没 3  give balmy fragrance to 使有香味，使充满香气，使散发香气 □ embalmer  n.  □ embalmment  n.   [Middle English from Old French embaumer (as EN-1, BALM)]

embank /imˈbæŋk, em-/ v. tr.  shut in or confine (a river etc.) with an artificial bank 筑堤，筑堤围住(河流等)

embankment /imˈbæŋkm(ə)nt, em-/ n.  an earth or stone bank for keeping back water, or for carrying a road or railway 防护堤，(铁路、道路等的)护坡，护堤，路堤

embargo /emˈbɑ:ɡəʊ, im-/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  1  an order of a state forbidding foreign ships to enter, or any ships to leave, its ports (禁止外国船舶进出港口的)封港令 2  an official suspension of commerce or other activity (正式的)贸易限制，禁运  be under an embargo  遭受贸易禁运 3  an impediment 妨碍；障碍，阻碍 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  place (ships, trade, etc.) under embargo 对(船只、贸易等)实施限制、实施禁运 2  seize (a ship, goods) for state service 征用(船只、货物等)为国家服务 [Spanish from embargar ‘arrest’, from Romanic (as IN-2, BAR1)]

embark /imˈbɑ:k, em-/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  put or go on board a ship or aircraft (to a destination) 登机，登船 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  engage in an activity or undertaking 从事，着手做… □ embarkation  /embɑ:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [French embarquer (as IN-2, BARK3)]

embarras de choix /ɒmˌbæræ: də ˈʃwɑ:, 法 ɑ˜bara də ʃwa/ n. (also 亦作 embarras de richesse(s) /ri:ˈʃes, 法 riʃɛs/)  more choices than one needs or can deal with (机会多得)无从选择，应付不过来 [French, = embarrassment of choice, riches]

embarrass /imˈbærəs, em-/ v. tr.  1  cause (a person) to feel awkward or self-conscious or ashamed 使发窘，使尴尬，使害臊 2 (as 作 embarrassed adj.)  encumbered with debts (因债务)使拮拘，使窘困 3  hamper, impede 妨碍，阻碍 4  complicate (a question etc.) 使(问题)复杂化 5  perplex 使困惑，使费解 □ embarrassedly  adv.  □ embarrassingly  adv.  □ embarrassment  n.   [French embarrasser via Spanish embarazar from Italian imbarrare ‘bar in’ (as IN-2, BAR1)]

embassy /ˈembəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the residence or offices of an ambassador 大使馆，大使官邸或办公室b  the ambassador and staff attached to an embassy 使馆全体人员，大使及使馆工作人员 2  a deputation or mission to a foreign country 外交代表团；驻外使团 [earlier ambassy via Old French ambassée etc. and medieval Latin ambasciata from Romanic (as AMBASSADOR)]

embattle /imˈbæt(ə)l, em-/ v. tr.  1  a  set (an army etc.) in battle array 使列阵，使军队成战斗序列b  fortify against attack 使严阵以待，使准备战斗 2  provide (a building or wall) with battlements (对建筑物或围墙)筑防，设防 3 (as 作 embattled adj.)  a  prepared or arrayed for battle 准备好战斗(的)，严阵以待(的)b  involved in a conflict or difficult undertaking 卷入冲突(的)，卷入纠纷(的)c Heraldry  like battlements in form 【纹章学】边缘呈雉堞形(的) [Middle English from Old French embataillier (as EN-1, BATTLE): see BATTLEMENT]

embay /imˈbei, em-/ v. tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  1  enclose in or as in a bay; shut in 围住，环抱，关入 2  form (a coast) into bays 形成海湾 □ embayment  n.  

embed /imˈbed, em-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 imbed) (-bedded, -bedding)  1 (esp. as 尤作 embedded adj.)  fix firmly in a surrounding mass 植入，扎牢，嵌入  embedded in concrete  嵌入水泥中 2 (of a mass) surround so as to fix firmly 围住使紧固，包裹固定 3  place in or as in a bed 埋入，扎牢 □ embedment  n.  

embellish /imˈbeliʃ, em-/ v. tr.  1  beautify, adorn 美化，装饰，打扮 2  add interest to (a narrative) with fictitious additions (对叙述进行)修饰，渲染，润色 □ embellisher  n.  □ embellishment  n.   [Middle English from Old French embellir (as EN-1, bel ‘handsome’ from Latin bellus)]

ember1 /ˈembə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a small piece of glowing coal or wood in a dying fire 未燃尽的煤块；余烬，余火 2  an almost extinct residue of a past activity, feeling, etc. 快要逝去的旧情，逐渐淡漠的感情，未尽的事宜 [Old English œˉmyrge, from Germanic]

ember2 /ˈembə/ n. (in full 全称 ember-goose)  = GREAT NORTHERN DIVER 大白嘴潜鸟 [Norwegian emmer]

Ember days /ˈembə/ n. pl.  any of the days traditionally reserved for fasting and prayer in the Christian Church, now associated with ordinations (天主教的)四季斋期，四季节 [Old English ymbren, perhaps from ymbryne ‘period’, from ymb ‘about’ + ryne ‘course’]

embezzle /imˈbez(ə)l, em-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  divert (usu. company or public funds) fraudulently to one's own use 盗用，侵占(公款) □ embezzlement  n.  □ embezzler  n.   [Anglo-French embesiler (as EN-1, Old French besillier ‘maltreat, ravage’, of unknown origin)]

embitter /imˈbitə, em-/ v. tr.  1  arouse bitter feelings in (a person) 使痛苦，使难受 2  make more bitter or painful 使更加痛苦，使恶化，使加剧 3  render (a person or feelings) hostile 激怒，使愤怒，触怒 □ embitterment  n.  

emblazon /imˈbleiz(ə)n, em-/ v. tr.  1  a  portray conspicuously, as on a heraldic shield (在纹章盾徽上等醒目地)描绘b  adorn (a shield) with heraldic devices 用纹章装饰(盾徽) 2  adorn brightly and conspicuously 用鲜艳的色彩装饰，炫示 3  celebrate, extol 赞美，颂扬，庆贺 □ emblazonment  n.  

emblem /ˈembləm/ n.  1  a symbol or representation typifying or identifying an institution, quality, etc. (机构、质量等的)象征，标志 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) (of a person) the type (指人的)类型，气质  the very emblem of courage  非常勇敢型的 3  a heraldic device or symbolic object as a distinctive badge 徽章，纹章 □ emblematic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ emblematical  /-ˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ emblematically  /-ˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Latin emblema from Greek emblēma -matos ‘insertion’, from emballō ‘throw in’ (as EN-1, ballō ‘throw’)]

emblematize /emˈblemətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  serve as an emblem of 作为…象征，作…标志 2  represent by an emblem 用符号代表，用徽章象征

emblements /ˈemblim(ə)nts/ n. pl. Law  crops normally harvested annually, regarded as personal property 【法律】(作为个人财产的当年)庄稼收益 [Middle English from Old French emblaement, from emblaier (as EN-1, blé ‘corn’)]

embody /imˈbɒdi, em-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  give a concrete or discernible form to (an idea, concept, etc.) 使(主意、观念等)得以体现，使具体化 2 (of a thing or person) be an expression of (an idea etc.) (事物或人)具体体现(某种想法等)，成为化身 3  express tangibly 具体体现  courage embodied in heroic actions  英雄行为体现出的勇气 4  form into a body 纳入，包含，包括 5  include, comprise 收入，编入 6  provide (a spirit) with bodily form 赋予(精神)具体的形态；使具有躯体 □ embodiment  n.  

embolden /imˈbəʊld(ə)n, em-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  make bold; encourage 鼓励；使勇敢；使有胆量

embolism /ˈembəliz(ə)m/ n. Med.  an obstruction of an artery by a clot of blood, air bubble, etc. 【医】栓塞(血栓、气泡等) [Middle English, = intercalation, via Late Latin embolismus from Greek embolismos, from emballō (as EMBLEM)]

embolus /ˈembələs/ n. (pl. emboli /-lai, i:/)  an object causing an embolism 栓子(造成栓塞的物体) [Latin, = piston, from Greek embolos ‘peg, stopper’]

embonpoint /ɒmbɒnˈpwɑ˜/ n.  plumpness (of a person) (指人的)丰满，丰腴；肥胖 [French en bon point ‘in good condition’]

embosom /imˈbʊz(ə)m, em-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  embrace 拥抱，怀抱，搂抱 2  enclose, surround 包围，环绕，围绕

emboss /imˈbɒs, em-/ v. tr.  1  carve or mould in relief 刻浮雕；用浮雕装饰 2  form figures etc. so that they stand out on (a surface) 在平面上(做)浮雕图案 3  make protuberant 使隆起，使凸起 □ embosser  n.  □ embossment  n.   [Middle English, from Old French (as EN-1, BOSS2)]

embouchure /ɒmbʊˈʃʊə/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  the mode of applying the mouth to the mouthpiece of a brass or wind instrument 吹奏管乐器时的口形b  the mouthpiece of some instruments (乐器的)吹口 2  the mouth of a river 河口 3  the opening of a valley 峡口，谷口 [French from s'emboucher ‘discharge itself by the mouth’ (as EN-1, bouche ‘mouth’)]

embowel /imˈbɑʊ(ə)l, em-/ v. tr. (embowelled, embowelling; US [美] emboweled, emboweling) archaic  = DISEMBOWEL  [Old French emboweler from esboueler (as EX-1, BOWEL)]

embower /imˈbɑʊə, em-/ v. tr. literary  enclose as in a bower [文学用语]用树阴遮盖，用凉亭遮蔽

embrace /imˈbreis, em-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  hold (a person) closely in the arms, esp. as a sign of affection 拥抱，把…拥入怀中(尤指表示爱意)b (absol. [含宾], of two people)  hold each other closely (两人)拥抱，搂抱 2  clasp, enclose 围在一起，团成一团 3  accept eagerly (an offer, opportunity, etc.) 欣然接受，乐于采纳(别人的帮助、机会等) 4  adopt (a course of action, doctrine, cause, etc.) 采取，接受(行为方式、信念、事业等) 5  include, comprise 收录，编入 6  take in with the eye or mind 看到，领会，体察 ●n.  an act of embracing; holding in the arms 拥抱，怀抱，搂抱 □ embraceable  adj.  □ embracement  n.  □ embracer  n.   [Middle English from Old French embracer, ultimately from Latin in- IN-1 + bracchium ‘arm’]

embranchment /imˈbrɑ:n(t)ʃm(ə)nt, em-/ n.  a branching-out (of the arm of a river etc.) (河流的)分支，分叉，支流 [French embranchement BRANCH (as EN-1, BRANCH)]

embrasure /imˈbreiʒə, em-/ n.  1  the bevelling of a wall at the sides of a door or window; splaying 门、窗边的斜面墙，漏斗状斜面墙 2  a small opening in a parapet of a fortified building, splayed on the inside 斜面墙洞 □ embrasured  adj.   [French from embraser ‘splay’, of unknown origin]

embrittle /imˈbrit(ə)l, em-/ v. tr.  make brittle 使变脆，使易碎 □ embrittlement  n.  

embrocation /embrəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a liquid used for rubbing on the body to relieve muscular pain etc. (减轻肌肉疼痛的)擦剂 [French embrocation or medieval Latin embrocatio, ultimately from Greek embrokhē ‘lotion’]

embroider /imˈbrɔidə, em-/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  decorate (cloth etc.) with needlework 在(布等上)绣花，刺绣b  create (a design) in this way 在…上绣(图案)，给…刺绣，艺术刺绣 2  add interest to (a narrative) with fictitious additions (对故事)渲染，修饰 □ embroiderer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enbrouder (as EN-1, Old French brouder, broisder from Germanic)]

embroidery /imˈbrɔid(ə)ri, em-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the art of embroidering 刺绣(艺术) 2  embroidered work; a piece of this 绣品 3  unnecessary or extravagant ornament 不必要(或过多)的修饰 4  fictitious additions to (a story etc.) 对(故事等的)渲染，修饰 [Middle English from Anglo-French enbrouderie (as EMBROIDER)]

embroil /imˈbrɔil, em-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  involve (a person) in conflict or difficulties 使(人)陷入…(困境)，使(人)卷入…是非，使人遭遇麻烦 2  bring (affairs) into a state of confusion 使(事情)陷入混乱状态，把事情搅乱 □ embroilment  n.   [French embrouiller (as EN-1, BROIL2)]

embryo /ˈembriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  an unborn or unhatched offspring 胚胎b  a human offspring in the first eight weeks from conception 受孕后 8 周内的人类胚胎 2  a rudimentary plant contained in a seed (植物的)胚，胚芽 3  a thing in a rudimentary stage 萌芽阶段的事物，初期的事物 4 (作 attrib.)  undeveloped, immature 未长成的，未成熟的 □ in embryo   undeveloped 在胚胎阶段，未成熟的□ embryoid  adj.  □ embryonal  /ˈembriən(ə)l/ adj.  □ embryonic  /embriˈɒnik/ adj.  □ embryonically  /-ˈɒnik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin embryo -onis from Greek embruon ‘foetus’ (as EN-2, bruō ‘swell, grow’)]

embryo- /ˈembriəʊ/ comb. form  embryo. [构词成分]胚胎(的)

embryogenesis /ˌembriəʊˈdʒenisis/ n.  the formation of an embryo 胚胎发生，胚胎生成

embryology /embriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of embryos 胚胎学 □ embryologic  /-briəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ embryological  /-briəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ embryologically  /-briəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ embryologist  n.  

embus /imˈbʌs, em-/ v. (embused, embusing or embussed, embussing) Mil. 【军】  1 tr.  put (troops, equipment, etc.) into a motor vehicle 把(士兵、装备)装上车 2 intr.  board a motor vehicle 乘上机动车

emcee /emˈsi:/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a master of ceremonies or compère 司仪，(节目)主持人 ●v. tr. & intr. (emcees, emceed)  compère 主持(节目)，作司仪 [the letters MC]

em dash n.  = EM RULE 

-eme /i:m/ suffix Linguistics  forming nouns denoting units of structure etc. (grapheme 书写单位 ; morpheme 语素) 【语言学】构成名词，表示“(结构等的)单位，元素” [French -ème ‘unit’ from Greek -ēma]

emend /iˈmend/ v. tr.  edit (a text etc.) to remove errors and corruptions 校订，校对，修改 □ emendation  /i:menˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emendator  /ˈi:mendeitə/ n.  □ emendatory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin emendare (as E-, menda ‘fault’)]

emerald /ˈem(ə)r(ə)ld/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a bright green precious stone, a variety of beryl 祖母绿(缘柱石的一种) 2 (in full 全称 emerald green)  the colour of this 祖母绿色，翡翠绿 3 (in full 全称 emerald moth)  any of several green geometrid moths 绿尺蠖蛾 ●adj. (in full 全称 emerald green; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  bright green 翡翠绿(的)，亮绿色(的) □ emeraldine  /-dain, -din/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French emeraude, esm-, ultimately from Greek smaragdos]

Emerald Isle n. literary  Ireland [文学用语]爱尔兰

emerge /iˈmɜ:dʒ/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  come up or out into view, esp. when formerly concealed 浮现，露出，现出(尤指以前隐藏着的) 2  come up out of a liquid 露出水面，浮出水面 3 (of facts, circumstances, etc.) come to light, become known, esp. as a result of enquiry etc. (事实、情况等)显现，露头，出现(尤指经询问后) 4  become recognized or prominent 露头，兴起  emerged as a leading contender  出头成为主要竞争者 5 (of a question, difficulty, etc.) become apparent (问题、困难等)显现，显露，突出 6  survive (an ordeal etc.) with a specified result (经磨难等后)存活  emerged unscathed  未受损伤而度过来的 □ emergence  n.   [Latin emergere emers- (as E-, mergere ‘dip’)]

emergency /iˈmɜ:dʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sudden state of danger, conflict, etc., requiring immediate action 紧急情况，突发事件，需要马上处理的急事 2  a  a medical condition requiring immediate treatment 急症，急诊b  a patient with such a condition 急诊病人，急症病人 3 (作 attrib.)  characterized by or for use in an emergency 与紧急情况有关的，非常时刻用的  emergency exit  紧急出口 4 Austral. Sport  a reserve player [澳]【运动】后补队员，预备队员 [medieval Latin emergentia (as EMERGE)]

emergent /iˈmɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  becoming apparent; emerging 可看得见的，显现的 2 (of a nation) newly formed or made independent (国家)新成立的；新独立的

emeritus /iˈmeritəs, i:-/ adj.  1  retired and retaining one's title as an honour 退休并保留荣誉头衔的  emeritus professor  荣誉退休教授 professor emeritus  荣誉退休教授 2  honourably discharged from service 光荣退职的，光荣退休的 [Latin, past part. of emerēri (as E-, merēri ‘earn’)]

emerse /iˈmɜ:s/ adj. Bot. (of part of an aquatic plant) reaching above the surface of the water (opp. 反义 SUBMERSE) 【植】(水生植物)露出水面的，水上的 □ emersed  adj.  

emersion /iˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)n, i:-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of emerging, esp. from water 浮出，露头(尤指从水中) 2 Astron.  the reappearance of a celestial body after its eclipse or occultation 【天】复现(天体由被遮掩到重新再现) [Late Latin emersio (as EMERGE)]

emery /ˈem(ə)ri/ n.  1  a coarse rock of corundum and magnetite or haematite used for polishing metal or other hard materials 刚玉砂，金刚砂(作磨料用) 2 (作 attrib.)  covered with emery (纸、布等)附满刚玉砂的，铺满金刚砂的 [French émeri(l) from Italian smeriglio, ultimately from Greek smuris, smēris ‘polishing powder’]

emery board n.  a strip of thin wood or board coated with emery or another abrasive, used as a nail file 指甲砂锉

emery paper n. (also 亦作 emery cloth)  cloth or paper covered with emery, used for polishing or cleaning metals etc. 砂纸，砂布

emetic /iˈmetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that causes vomiting 使人呕吐的，催吐的 ●n.  an emetic medicine 催吐剂，催吐药 [Greek emetikos from emeō ‘vomit’]

EMF abbr. [缩略]  1 (usu. 通常作 emf)  electromotive force 电动势 2  electromagnetic field(s) 电磁场

-emia US var.  of -AEMIA [美] -AEMIA 的变体

emigrant /ˈemiɡr(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who emigrates 移民，移居国外(或外地)的人 ●adj.  emigrating 移民的，移居的

emigrate /ˈemiɡreit/ v.  1 intr.  leave one's own country to settle in another 移居国外(或境外) 2 tr.  assist (a person) to emigrate 帮助(某人)移居国外 □ emigration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emigratory  adj.   [Latin emigrare emigrat- (as E-, migrare ‘depart’)]

Emily /ˈemili/   埃米莉 [人名]

eminence /ˈeminəns/ n.  1  distinction; recognized superiority 出众，显赫，著名 2  a piece of rising ground 高地，山丘 3 (作 Eminence)  a title used in addressing or referring to a cardinal 阁下，大人(对主教的尊称)  Your Eminence  主教阁下(直接称呼时用) His Eminence  主教阁下(间接提及时用) 4  an important person 重要人物，有地位的人士 [Latin eminentia (as EMINENT)]

eminent /ˈeminənt/ adj.  1  distinguished, notable 显赫的，卓越的，出众的 2 (of qualities) remarkable in degree (品格)出众的，优秀的，出色的 □ eminently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin eminēre eminent- ‘jut’]

eminent domain n.  sovereign control over all property in a state, with the right of expropriation (国家对私有财产的)征用权

emir /eˈmiə/ n.  1  a title of various Muslim rulers 埃米尔(对穆斯林国家中不同统治者的称呼) 2 archaic  a male descendant of Muhammad [古义]穆罕默德的男性子孙 [French émir from Arabic ˈamīr: cf. AMIR]

emirate /ˈemiərət/ n.  the rank, domain, or reign of an emir 埃米尔的职位或其管辖地；酋长国

emissary /ˈemis(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person sent on a special mission (usu. diplomatic, formerly usu. odious or underhand) 特使，密使(通常为外交上的，旧时通常为不光彩的或暗地的) [Latin emissarius ‘scout, spy’ (as EMIT)]

emission /iˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the process or an act of emitting 放出，发出，射出 2  a thing emitted 发出、射出、放出的东西(如光、电、气体等) [Latin emissio (as EMIT)]

emission spectrum n.  a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source 发射光谱

emissive /iˈmisiv/ adj.  having the power to radiate light, heat, etc. 能发出、射出(光、热)的 □ emissivity  /i:miˈsiviti/ n.  

emit /iˈmit/ v. tr. (emitted, emitting)  1  a  send out (heat, light, vapour, etc.) 发出，射出，放出(热、光、蒸气等)b  discharge from the body (由身体内)排出，散发出 2  utter (a cry etc.) 发出(叫喊声等) [Latin emittere emiss- (as E-, mittere ‘send’)]

emitter /iˈmitə/ n.  1  a thing which emits something 发射体 2 Electronics  a region in a transistor producing carriers of current 【电子学】(晶体管的)发射极

Emlyn /ˈemlin/   埃姆林 [人名]

Emma /ˈemə/   埃玛 [人名]

Emmental /ˈeməntɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 Emmenthal)  a kind of hard Swiss cheese with many holes in it, similar to Gruyère 埃曼塔尔干酪(一种硬的瑞士奶酪) [German Emmentaler from Emmental, a valley in Switzerland, where it is made]

emmer /ˈemə/ n.  a kind of wheat, Triticum dicoccum, grown mainly for fodder 二粒小麦(主要用作饲料) [German from old High German amer ‘spelt’]

emmet /ˈemit/ n. archaic or dial.  an ant [古义] [方]蚂蚁 [Old English œˉmete: see ANT]

Emmy /ˈemi/ n. (pl. Emmys) (in the US) a statuette awarded annually to an outstanding television programme or performer (美国)电视埃米(金像)奖(颁发给优秀的节目和出色的电视表演艺术家) [perhaps from Immy = image orthicon (a kind of television camera tube)]

emollient /iˈmɒliənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that softens or soothes the skin 使皮肤柔软、光滑的 ●n.  an emollient agent 润滑剂，润滑药 □ emollience  n.   [Latin emollire (as E-, mollis ‘soft’)]

emolument /iˈmɒljʊm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  a salary, fee, or profit from employment or office 薪金，工资，收入 [Middle English from Old French emolument or Latin emolumentum, originally probably ‘payment for corn-grinding’, from emolere (as E-, molere ‘grind’)]

emote /iˈməʊt/ v. intr. colloq.  show excessive emotion [口]强烈地表现情感，过火地表现情感 □ emoter  n.   [back-formation from EMOTION]

emotion /iˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a strong mental or instinctive feeling such as love or fear 情感，感情，情绪 2  emotional intensity or sensibility 激情  he spoke with emotion  他动情地说 □ emotionless  adj.   [earlier = agitation, disturbance of the mind, from French émotion, from émouvoir ‘excite’]

emotional /iˈməʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to the emotions 激情的，动情的，激动的 2 (of a person) easily affected by or readily displaying emotion (指人)易受感动的，易激动的 3  expressing or based on emotion 表现情感的，基于感情的  an emotional appeal  激动的请求 4  arousing emotion 令人激动的，使人动情的，催人泪下的  an emotional issue  催人泪下的事 □ emotionalism  n.  □ emotionalist  n.  □ emotionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ emotionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ emotionally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EMOTIVE. 见 EMOTIVE 的用法说明。 

emotive /iˈməʊtiv/ adj.  1  of or characterized by emotion 感情的，情绪的 2  arousing emotion 激起感情的，让人动情的 3  arousing feeling; not purely descriptive 引发情感的，(叙述)带有感情色彩的 □ emotively  adv.  □ emotiveness  n.  □ emotivity  /i:məʊˈtiviti/ n.   [Latin emovēre emot- (as E-, movēre ‘move’)]■Usage 用法说明 Although the senses of emotive and emotional overlap, e.g. both an emotive issue and an emotional issue are common, emotive should not be used of people to mean ‘emotional’. It is wrong to say He is an emotive person unless what is meant is that he arouses emotion in others, and it is similarly incorrect to say They reacted emotively. 虽然 emotive 与 emotional 的含义部分重叠，如 an emotive issue 和 an emotional issue 都是常见的，但 emotive 不能用来表示人的情绪激动。我们不可以说 He is an emotive person ，除非我们是说他是一个让别人动情的人。同样，我们也不可以说 They reacted emotively 。 

empanel /imˈpæn(ə)l, em-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 impanel) (-panelled, -panelling; US [美] -paneled, -paneling)  enrol or enter on a panel (those eligible for jury service) 将(有陪审资格的人)列入陪审团名单 □ empanelment  n.   [Anglo-French empaneller (as EN-1, PANEL)]

empathize /ˈempəθaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise) Psychol. 【心】  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  exercise empathy 感情移入，神入 2 tr.  treat with empathy 同情，有同感，有共鸣

empathy /ˈempəθi/ n. Psychol.  the power of identifying oneself mentally with (and so fully comprehending) a person or object of contemplation 【心】移情，同情，同感 □ empathetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  □ empathetically  /-ˈθetik(ə)li/ adv.  □ empathic  /emˈpæθik/ adj.  □ empathically  /emˈpæθ-/ adv.  □ empathist  n.   [translation of German Einfühlung (from ein ‘in’ + Fühlung ‘feeling’), on the pattern of Greek empatheia: see SYMPATHY]

empennage /emˈpenidʒ/ n. Aeron.  an arrangement of stabilizing surfaces at the tail of an aircraft 【航】(飞机的)尾翼，尾部，尾翼面 [French, from empenner ‘to feather’ (an arrow)]

emperor /ˈemp(ə)rə/ n.  1  the sovereign of an empire 皇帝，(帝国的)君主 2  a sovereign of higher rank than a king (比国王大的)帝王，君主 □ emperorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French emperere, empereor from Latin imperator -oris, from imperare ‘command’]

emperor moth n.  a large moth, Saturnia pavonia, related to the silk moths, with eye-spots on all four wings 皇蛾(一种大型蛾类)

emperor penguin n.  the largest kind of penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, of the Antarctic 皇企鹅(一种最大的企鹅)

emphasis /ˈemfəsis/ n. (pl. emphases /-si:z/)  1  special importance or prominence attached to a thing, fact, idea, etc. (事情、事实、想法等的)重要性；重点  emphasis on economy  以经济为重心 2  stress laid on a word or words to indicate special meaning or importance (讲话中通过语音的重音来表示)对…的强调 3  vigour or intensity of expression, feeling, action, etc. (表达、感受、行为等的)有力，着力 4  prominence, sharpness of contour 突出，鲜明 [Latin from Greek, from emphainō ‘exhibit’ (as EN-2, phainō ‘show’)]

emphasize /ˈemfəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  bring (a thing, fact, etc.) into special prominence (对事物、事实等)强调；着重 2  lay stress on (a word in speaking) (讲话中对某个词语)重读

emphatic /imˈfætik, em-/ adj.  1 (of language, tone, or gesture) forcibly expressive (指语汇、语调、手势)强调的，着重的，有力的 2 (of words 指词语、言谈) : a  bearing the stress 有力的，着重的b  used to give emphasis 加强语气的 3  expressing oneself with emphasis (表现说话者)坚决的，断然的 4 (of an action or process) forcible, significant (指行动)有力的，重要的 □ emphatically  adv.   [Late Latin emphaticus from Greek emphatikos (as EMPHASIS)]

emphysema /emfiˈsi:mə/ n.  1  enlargement of the air sacs of the lungs causing breathlessness 肺气肿 2  a swelling caused by the presence of air in the connective tissues of the body 气肿 [Late Latin from Greek emphusēma, from emphusaō ‘puff up’]

empire /ˈempaiə/ n.  1  an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, esp. an emperor or empress 帝国 2  a  supreme dominion 最高统治，最高统领b (often foll. by 常后跟 over) archaic  absolute control [古义]绝对控制权 3  a large commercial organization etc. owned or directed by one person or group 大企业，大集团 4 (作 the Empire) hist. [史义]  a  the British Empire 大英帝国b  the Holy Roman Empire 神圣罗马帝国 5  a type or period of government in which the sovereign is called emperor or empress 帝国时期，帝制时期 6 (作 Empire) (作 attrib.)  a  denoting a style of furniture or dress fashionable during the first (1804 － 14) or second (1852 － 70) French Empire (家具或衣服款式)法兰西第一帝国和第二帝国时期流行的b Brit.  denoting produce from the Commonwealth [英]英联邦国家生产的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin imperium, related to imperare: see EMPEROR]

empire builder n.  a person who deliberately acquires extra territory, authority, etc., seeking power for its own sake 扩展疆土的人；扩展权势的人，谋求权力的人 □ empire building  n.  

Empire Day n. hist.  the former name of Commonwealth Day, originally 24 May [史义]帝国日(联邦日的旧称，原为每年 5 月 24 日)

empiric /emˈpirik, im-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = EMPIRICAL  ●n. archaic [古义]  1  a person relying solely on experiment 单凭实际经验(做事)的人，经验主义者 2  a quack doctor 庸医，江湖医生 [Latin empiricus from Greek empeirikos, from empeiria ‘experience’ from empeiros ‘skilled’]

empirical /emˈpirik(ə)l, im-/ adj.  1  based or acting on observation or experiment, not on theory 实践的，经验的，非理论的 2 Philos.  regarding sense data as valid information 【哲】经验主义的 3  deriving knowledge from experience alone 单从经验中获得知识的，来自经验的， □ empirically  adv.  

empirical formula n.  a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms 成分式，经验式(给出化合物的成分比例而不是实际的原子数或原子排列方式)

empiricism /emˈpirisiz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience 【哲】经验主义，经验论(认为知识的惟一源泉是感性知识) □ empiricist  n. & adj.  

emplacement /imˈpleism(ə)nt, em-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of putting in position 安置，安放 2  a platform or defended position where a gun is placed for firing 炮位，炮台，(火炮的)阵地 3  situation, position 环境，位置 [French (as EN-1, PLACE)]

emplane /imˈplein, em-/ v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 enplane /in-, en-/)  go or put on board an aeroplane (把…)装上飞机；(使…)登上飞机，乘飞机

employ /imˈplɔi, em-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  use the services of (a person) in return for payment; keep (a person) in one's service 雇用，聘用 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, in, on)  use (a thing, time, energy, etc.) esp. to good effect (尤指有效地)利用，运用(事物、时间、能源等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  keep (a person) occupied 使从事于…，使忙于 ●n.  the state of being employed, esp. for wages (尤指为薪金)受雇用，被聘用 □ in the employ of   employed by 受雇于…□ employable  adj.  □ employability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ employer  n.   [Middle English from Old French employer, ultimately from Latin implicari ‘be involved’ from implicare ‘enfold’: see IMPLICATE]

employee /emplɔiˈi:, emˈplɔii:, im-/ n. (US also [美亦] employe)  a person employed for wages or salary, esp. at non-executive level (尤指非管理层)职员，雇员，雇工

employment /imˈplɔim(ə)nt, em-/ n.  1  the act of employing or the state of being employed 雇用，受雇，就职 2  a person's regular trade or profession (某人)从事的工作，职业

employment agency n.  a business that finds employers or employees for those seeking them 职业介绍所

employment office n. (formerly [旧时] employment exchange) Brit.  any of a number of government offices concerned with advising and finding work for the unemployed [英]政府设立的职业介绍机构

empolder var.  of IMPOLDER  IMPOLDER 的变体

emporium /emˈpɔ:riəm, im-/ n. (pl. emporia /-riə/ or -ums)  1  a large retail store selling a wide variety of goods 大百货商场，大零售店 2  a centre of commerce, a market 商业中心，市场 [Latin from Greek emporion, from emporos ‘merchant’]

empower /imˈpɑʊə, em-/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  1  authorize, license 授权，给…发执照 2  give power to; make able 许可，使可以 □ empowerment  n.  

empress /ˈempris/ n.  1  the wife or widow of an emperor 皇后，王后 2  a woman emperor 女皇，女王 [Middle English from Old French emperesse, fem. of emperere EMPEROR]

empty /ˈem(p)ti/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (emptier, emptiest)  1  containing nothing 空的，没有(东西)的 2 (of a house etc.) unoccupied or unfurnished (房屋等)未住人的；无家具的 3 (of a transport vehicle etc.) without a load, passengers, etc. (指交通工具)空驶的，空载的 4  a  meaningless, hollow, insincere 无意义的，空洞无物的，虚假的，不真实的  empty threats  虚张声势的恐吓 an empty gesture  虚假的表示b  without substance or purpose 空虚的，无目的的  an empty existence  空虚的生存 5 colloq.  hungry [口]肚子饿的，饥饿的 6 (foll. by 后跟 of)  devoid, lacking 缺少…的，没有…的 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  make empty; remove the contents of 使空，挪空，搬空b (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of certain contents 腾空，移走，拿走  emptied the room of its chairs  将屋内的椅子统统搬走 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  transfer (the contents of a container) (将一容器内的物体)移走，转运 3 intr.  become empty 使变空，使空 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into) (of a river) discharge itself (into the sea etc.) (指河流等)流入，注入(海中等) ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a container (esp. a bottle) left empty of its contents [口]空的容器，(尤指)空瓶 □ on an empty stomach   see 见 STOMACH □ emptily  adv.  □ emptiness  n.   [Old English œˉmtig, œˉmetig, from œˉmetta ‘leisure’]

empty-handed adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1  bringing or taking nothing 两手空空(的)，什么也没带(的) 2  having achieved or obtained nothing 无所获，一无所得

empty-headed adj.  foolish; lacking common sense 傻的，无知的，没头脑的

empty-nester n. esp. N. Amer.  either of a couple whose children have grown up and left home [尤北美]厮守“空巢”的夫妇(指子女已长大成人，不与父母在一起生活)

empurple /imˈpɜ:p(ə)l, em-/ v. tr.  1  make purple or red 使成紫色或红色 2  make angry 使生气，使恼怒

empyema /empaiˈi:mə/ n. Med.  a collection of pus in a cavity, esp. in the pleura 【医】积脓(尤指胸膜) [Late Latin from Greek empuēma, from empueō ‘suppurate’ (as EN-2, puon ‘pus’)]

empyrean /empaiˈri:ən, -pi-, emˈpiriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the highest heaven, as the sphere of fire in ancient cosmology or as the abode of God in early Christianity 最高天(古宇宙论认为该处存有纯火，早期基督教认为该处是上帝的家园) 2 poet.  the visible heavens [诗]可见的天堂，苍天 ●adj.  of the empyrean 天堂的，苍天的，最高天的 □ empyreal  /empaiˈri:əl, -pi-, emˈpiriəl/ adj.   [medieval Latin empyreus from Greek empurios (as EN-2, pur ‘fire’)]

em rule n. Brit.  a long dash used in punctuation [英]全身破折号

EMS abbr.  European Monetary System [缩略]欧洲货币体系

EMU /i:emˈju:, ˈi:mju:/ abbr.  economic and monetary union (of the EC); European monetary union [缩略] (欧共体中)经济与金融联合会；欧洲货币联盟

e.m.u. abbr.  electromagnetic unit(s) [缩略]电磁单位

emu /ˈi:mju:/ n.  a large flightless bird, Dromaius novaehollandiae, native to Australia, and capable of running at high speed 鸸鹋(产于澳大利亚，一种不会飞但善于高速奔跑的鸟) [earlier emia, eme, from Portuguese ema]

emulate /ˈemjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  try to equal or excel 努力赶上或超过 2  imitate zealously 积极地模仿，仿效 3  rival 同…竞争，同…争斗 4 Computing  reproduce the function or action of (a different computer or software system) 【计算】模拟，仿真 □ emulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ emulator  n.   [Latin aemulari (as EMULOUS)]

emulous /ˈemjʊləs/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  seeking to emulate 好胜的；极想赶上或越过的；仿效的，模仿的 2  actuated by a spirit of rivalry 受竞争精神驱使的 □ emulously  adv.   [Middle English from Latin aemulus ‘rival’]

emulsifier /iˈmʌlsifaiə/ n.  1  any substance that stabilizes an emulsion, esp. a food additive used to stabilize processed foods 乳化剂，(尤指)在食品加工中起稳定剂作用的添加剂 2  an apparatus used for producing an emulsion 乳化器

emulsify /iˈmʌlsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  convert into an emulsion 使乳化，被乳化 □ emulsifiable  adj.  □ emulsification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

emulsion /iˈmʌlʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fine dispersion of one liquid in another, esp. as paint, medicine, etc. 乳状液，乳浊液(尤指漆、药剂等) 2  a mixture of a silver compound suspended in gelatin etc. for coating photographic plates or films (摄影中使用的)感光乳剂 3  = EMULSION PAINT  ●v. tr.  paint with emulsion paint 用乳化漆涂刷 □ emulsionize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ emulsive  adj.   [French émulsion or modern Latin emulsio, from emulgēre (as E-, mulgēre muls- ‘to milk’)]

emulsion paint n.  a paint consisting of pigment bound in a synthetic resin which forms an emulsion with water 乳化漆

en /en/ n. Printing  a unit of measurement equal to half an em 【印刷】半个行长(印刷业中行长的度量单位) [name of the letter N]

en-1 /in, en/ prefix (also em- before b, p 用在字母 b 、 p 之前亦作 em-) forming verbs 构成动词 = IN-1:  1  from nouns, meaning ‘put into or on’ (engulf 吞没 ; entrust 委托 ; embed 把…嵌入) 加在名词前，表示“放入”、“加上”等意 2  from nouns or adjectives, meaning ‘bring into the condition of’  enslave  奴役; often with the suffix -en  enlighten  启发 加在名词或形容词前，表示“使处于”，“使呈…状态”；常和后缀 -en 一起用 3  from verbs 加在动词前 :a  in the sense ‘in, into, on’ (enfold 包住) 表示“置于…中”；“入”；“在…上”b  as an intensive (entangle 牵连) 用于加强语气 [from or suggested by French en- from Latin in-]

en-2 /in, en/ prefix (also em- before b, p 用在字母 b 、 p 之前亦作 em-)  in, inside (energy 干劲 ; enthusiasm 热情) 内在的，里面的 [Greek]

-en1 /(ə)n/ suffix forming verbs 构成动词 :  1  from adjectives, usu. meaning ‘make or become so or more so’ (deepen 加深 ; fasten 扎牢 ; moisten 弄湿) 加在形容词后，表示“使成为…”；“使更加…” 2  from nouns (happen 发生 ; strengthen 加强) 加在名词后 [Old English -nian, from Germanic]

-en2 /(ə)n/ suffix (also 亦作 -n) forming adjectives from nouns, meaning 加在名词后构成形容词，表示 :  1  made or consisting of (often with extended and figurative senses) (wooden 木制的) 由…制的；由…组成的(常用于引申或比喻) 2  resembling; of the nature of (golden 金制的 ; silvern 银制的) 像，类似；具有…性质 [Old English from Germanic]

-en3 /(ə)n/ suffix (also 亦作 -n) forming past participles of strong verbs 构成强变化动词的过去分词 :  1  as a regular inflection (spoken 口语的 ; sworn 发过誓的) 作为常规变化 2  with restricted sense (drunken 醉的) 具有受限制的含意 [Old English from Germanic]

-en4 /(ə)n/ suffix  forming the plural of a few nouns (children 孩子们 ; brethren 教友们 ; oxen 牛) 构成一些名词的复数形式 [Middle English reduction of Old English -an]

-en5 /in, (ə)n/ suffix  forming diminutives of nouns (chicken 小鸡 ; maiden 少女) 加在名词后，构成小词 [Old English from Germanic]

-en6 /(ə)n/ suffix  1  forming feminine nouns (vixen 雌狐) 构成阴性名词 2  forming abstract nouns (burden 重负) 构成抽象名词 [Old English from Germanic]

enable /inˈeib(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  give (a person etc.) the means or authority to do something 使(人等)能够做…；有权做… 2  make possible 使可能 3 esp. Computing  make (a device) operational; switch on (尤)【计算】使(设备)运行，开启，启动 □ enablement  n.  □ enabler  n.  

enabling act n.  a statute empowering a person or body to take certain action 权利授与法

enact /iˈnækt, e-/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  ordain, decree 颁布(法令)，规定b  make (a bill etc.) law 使(提案等)成为法律 2  play (a part or scene on stage or in life) (在舞台上或生活中)扮演…角色，表演…情节 □ enactable  adj.  □ enaction  n.  □ enactive  adj.  □ enactor  n.  

enactment /iˈnæktm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  1  a law enacted 颁布的法令，制定的法律 2  the process of enacting 制定(法律)，颁布(法令)

enamel /iˈnæm(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a glasslike opaque or semi-transparent coating on metallic or other hard surfaces for ornament or as a preservative lining 珐琅；瓷釉；搪瓷 2  a  a smooth hard coating 光滑坚硬的涂层b  = ENAMEL PAINT c  a cosmetic simulating this 指甲油 3  the hard glossy natural coating over the crown of a tooth 牙釉质(牙表面的珐琅质) 4  a work of art done in enamel 珐琅制品，珐琅(或搪瓷)艺术品 5 poet.  a smooth bright surface colouring, verdure, etc. [诗]鲜艳的光泽 ●v. tr. (enamelled, enamelling; US [美] enameled, enameling)  1  inlay or encrust (a metal etc.) with enamel (给金属等物品)上珐琅(或瓷釉) 2  portray (figures etc.) with enamel 用珐琅、瓷釉描绘(图案等) 3 archaic  adorn with varied colours [古义]用不同色彩装饰 □ enameller  n.  □ enamelwork  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enameler, enamailler (as EN-1, Old French esmail, from Germanic)]

enamel paint n.  a paint that dries to give a smooth hard coat 瓷漆

enamelware /iˈnæm(ə)lwɛə/ n.  enamelled kitchenware 搪瓷炊具

enamour /iˈnæmə, e-/ v. tr. (US [美] enamor) (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  1  inspire with love or liking 使喜欢，使倾心 2  charm, delight 使迷人，令人欣喜 [Middle English from Old French enamourer, from amourer (as EN-1, AMOUR)]

enanthema /enənˈθi:mə/ n. Med.  an ulcer etc. occurring on a mucus-secreting surface such as the inside of the mouth 【医】黏膜疹 [modern Latin from Greek enanthēma ‘eruption’ (as EN-1, EXANTHEMA)]

enantiomer /iˈnæntiə(ʊ)mə, e-/ n. Chem.  a molecule that is the mirror image of another; an optical isomer 【化】对映(结构)体 □ enantiomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [Greek enantios ‘opposite’ + -MER]

enantiomorph /iˈnæntiə(ʊ)mɔ:f, e-/ n.  a mirror image; a form (esp. of a crystal structure etc.) related to another as an object is to its mirror image 对映形态，镜像(尤指晶体结构等) □ enantiomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ enantiomorphism  /-ˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  □ enantiomorphous  /-ˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.   [German, from Greek enantios ‘opposite’ + morphē ‘form’]

enarthrosis /enɑ:ˈθrəʊsis/ n. (pl. enarthroses /-si:z/) Anat.  a ball-and-socket joint 【解】球窝关节，杵臼关节 [Greek, from enarthros ‘jointed’ (as EN-2, arthron ‘joint’)]

en bloc /ɒ˜ ˈblɒk/ adv.  in a block; all at the same time; wholesale 整个，一起，统统 [French]

en brosse /ɒ˜ ˈbrɒs, 法 ɑ˜ brɔs/ adj. (of hair) cut short and bristly (指头发)剪成平顶式的，平头的(短而直立) [French]

enc. var.  of ENCL  ENCL 的变体

encaenia /enˈsi:niə/ n.  1 (at Oxford University) an annual celebration in memory of founders and benefactors (牛津大学的)校庆典礼(每年为纪念学校奠基人和捐助人举行的仪式) 2  a dedication festival 落成奠礼 [Latin from Greek egkainia (as EN-2, kainos ‘new’)]

encage /inˈkeidʒ, en-/ v. tr.  confine in or as in a cage (似)把…关在笼中；禁闭，囚禁

encamp /inˈkæmp, en-/ v. tr. & intr.  1  settle in a military camp (军队)扎营，露营 2  lodge in the open in tents 野营，露天宿营

encampment /inˈkæmpm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  a place where troops etc. are encamped (军队等的)宿营地，露营地 2  the process of setting up a camp 扎营，露营，露宿

encapsulate /inˈkæpsjʊleit, en-/ v. tr.  1  enclose in or as in a capsule 把…装入胶囊，用胶囊封装 2  summarize; express the essential features of 总结，概括，归纳 3  isolate 隔离，分隔 □ encapsulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [EN-1 + Latin capsula CAPSULE]

encase /inˈkeis, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 incase)  1  put into a case 把…装入箱(盒)内 2  surround as with a case 包围，围住 □ encasement  n.  

encash /inˈkæʃ, en-/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  1  convert (bills etc.) into cash 将…换成现钞，兑换(支票等) 2  receive in the form of cash; realize 收到(或获得)现款，兑现 □ encashable  adj.  □ encashment  n.  

encaustic /enˈkɔ:stik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (in painting, ceramics, etc.) using pigments mixed with hot wax, which are burned in as an inlay (用于绘画、制陶等)蜡画法的，上釉烧入色彩的(将颜色与热蜡混合后放入火中烧，使其嵌入器皿表面的作画、制陶方法) 2 (of bricks and tiles) inlaid with differently coloured clays burnt in (指砖，瓦)琉璃的，釉面的 ●n.  1  the art of encaustic painting 蜡画法 2  a painting done with this technique 用蜡画法制作的绘画 [Latin encausticus from Greek egkaustikos (as EN-2, CAUSTIC)]

-ence /(ə)ns/ suffix forming nouns expressing 构成名词，表示 :  1  a quality or state or an instance of one (patience 耐心 ; an impertinence 无礼的人) 性质，状态或实例 2  an action (reference 参照 ; reminiscence 回忆) 行动 [from or suggested by French -ence, from Latin -entia, -antia (cf. -ANCE) from pres. part. stem -ent-, -ant-]

enceinte /ɒ˜ˈsãt/ n. & adj. ●n.  an enclosure, esp. in fortification 壁垒，围墙，(尤指)防御工事的围墙 ●adj. archaic  pregnant [古义]怀孕的 [French, ultimately from Latin cingere cinct- ‘gird’: see CINCTURE]

encephalic /ensiˈfælik, enˈkef(ə)lik/ adj.  of or relating to the brain 脑的，与脑有关的 [Greek egkephalos ‘brain’ (as ENCEPHALO-)]

encephalin var.  of ENKEPHALIN  ENKEPHALIN 的变体

encephalitis /enˌsefəˈlaitis, -ˌkef-/ n.  inflammation of the brain 脑炎 □ encephalitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.  

encephalitis lethargica /liˈθɑ:dʒikə/ n.  an infectious encephalitis caused by a virus, with headache and drowsiness leading to coma; sleepy sickness (由病毒感染的)昏睡性脑炎，嗜眠性脑炎

encephalo- /enˈsef(ə)ləʊ, enˈkef-/ comb. form  brain [构词成分]脑 [Greek egkephalos ‘brain’ (as EN-2, kephalē ‘head’)]

encephalogram /enˈsef(ə)lə(ʊ)ɡræm, enˈkef-/ n.  an X-ray photograph of the brain 脑 X 光片，脑造影照片

encephalograph /enˈsef(ə)lə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f, enˈkef-/ n.  an instrument for recording the electrical activity of the brain 脑电记录仪，脑造影仪

encephalomyelitis /enˌsef(ə)ləʊmaiəˈlaitis, enˌkef-/ n.  inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, esp. due to viral infection 脑脊髓炎，(尤指)因病毒感染而引起的脑脊髓炎

encephalon /enˈsefəlɒn, -ˈkef-/ n. Anat.  the brain 【解】脑，大脑

encephalopathy /enˌsefəˈlɒpəθi, enˌkef-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a disease of the brain 脑病

enchain /inˈtʃein, en-/ v. tr.  1  chain up, fetter (用铁链)锁住，束缚住，给…带上脚镣 2  hold fast (the attention, emotions, etc.) 抓住，留住，锁定(注意、感情等) □ enchainment  n.   [Middle English from French enchaîner, ultimately from Latin catena ‘chain’]

enchant /inˈtʃɑ:nt, en-/ v. tr.  1  charm, delight 迷人，吸引人 2  bewitch 蛊惑，使着魔，对…念咒语，对…施魔法 □ enchantedly  adv.  □ enchanting  adj.  □ enchantingly  adv.  □ enchantment  n.   [Middle English via French enchanter from Latin incantare (as IN-2, canere cant- ‘sing’)]

enchanter /inˈtʃɑ:ntə, en-/ n. (fem. enchantress /-tris/)  a person who enchants, esp. by supposed use of magic 巫师；魔术师，(尤指)施魔法者 □ enchanter's nightshade   a small plant, Circaea lutetiana, with white flowers 露珠草

enchase /inˈtʃeis, en-/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 in)  place (a jewel) in a setting 镶嵌(珠宝) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  set (gold etc.) with gems 为(黄金等饰品)镶嵌宝石 3  inlay with gold etc. 镶金，贴金 4  adorn with figures in relief 用浮雕图案装饰 5  engrave 雕刻；镂刻 [Middle English from French enchɑˆsser (as EN-1, CHASE2)]

enchilada /entʃiˈlɑ:də/ n.  a tortilla with chilli sauce and usu. a filling, esp. meat 带馅的玉米饼，(尤指)带肉馅和辣酱汁的圆饼 [Latin American Spanish, fem. past part. of enchilar ‘season with chilli’]

enchiridion /enkaiˈridiən/ n. (pl. enchiridions or enchiridia /-diə/) formal  a handbook [正式]手册，便览 [Late Latin from Greek egkheiridion (as EN-2, kheir ‘hand’, diminutive suffix -idion)]

encipher /inˈsaifə, en-/ v. tr.  1  write (a message etc.) in cipher 用密码书写(信息等) 2  convert into coded form using a cipher 把…译成密码 □ encipherment  n.  

encircle /inˈsɜ:k(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  surround, encompass 包围；环绕 2  form a circle round 围绕；成环形 □ encirclement  n.  

encl. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 enc.)  1  enclosed 封闭的 2  enclosure 

en clair /ɒ˜ ˈklɛə, 法 ɑ˜ klɛr/ adj. & adv. (of a telegram, official message, etc.) in ordinary language (not in code or cipher) (电报、官方消息等)用明码的(地)，明示的(地)，未加密的(地) [French, literally ‘in clear’]

enclasp /inˈklɑ:sp, en-/ v. tr.  hold in a clasp or embrace 抓住；握住；紧握；搂抱

enclave /ˈenkleiv/ n.  1  a portion of territory of one state surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the surrounding territory (cf. 参见 EXCLAVE) 飞地(一国的一部分领土周围为他国领土所围绕) 2  a group of people who are culturally, intellectually, or socially distinct from those surrounding them 小团体(文化、知识、社会等方面与周围人有显著差异的一群人) [French from enclaver ‘enclose, dovetail’, ultimately from Latin clavis ‘key’]

enclitic /inˈklitik, en-/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a word) pronounced with so little emphasis that it forms part of the preceding word 重读词后的后接成分，重读词后的非重读成分 ●n.  such a word, e.g. not in cannot 非重读词，如 cannot 中的 not □ enclitically  adv.   [Late Latin encliticus from Greek egklitikos (as EN-2, klinō ‘lean’)]

enclose /inˈkləʊz, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 inclose)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, in)  a  surround with a wall, fence, etc. (用墙、篱笆等)围绕，包围b  shut in on all sides 包住，围住 2  fence in (common land) so as to make it private property (用篱笆、围墙)圈地；把(公地)圈为私有 3  put in a receptacle (esp. in an envelope together with a letter) 把…放入，装入容器(尤指与信一起放入信封) 4 (usu. as 通常作 enclosed adj.)  seclude (a religious community) from the outside world (宗教团体)与外部世界隔离的，与世隔绝的 5 esp. Math.  bound on all sides; contain (尤)【数】包含 6  hem in on all sides 包边，包缝 [Middle English from Old French enclos, past part. of enclore, ultimately from Latin includere (as INCLUDE)]

enclosure /inˈkləʊʒə, en-/ n. (also 亦作 inclosure)  1  the act of enclosing, esp. of common land 圈地，围地(尤指公共土地) 2 Brit.  an enclosed space or area, esp. for a special class of persons at a sporting event [英]封闭区，(尤指)运动会中为特殊观众专设的区域 3  a thing enclosed with a letter (信的)附件 4  an enclosing fence etc. 圈地的围栏，篱笆 [Anglo-French & Old French (as ENCLOSE)]

encode /inˈkəʊd, en-/ v. tr.  put (a message etc.) into code or cipher 把…译成密码 □ encoder  n.  

encomiast /enˈkəʊmiæst/ n.  1  the composer of an encomium 颂歌作者；赞美者 2  a flatterer 奉承者，阿谀者 □ encomiastic  /-ˈæstik/ adj.   [Greek egkōmiastēs (as ENCOMIUM)]

encomium /enˈkəʊmiəm/ n. (pl. encomiums or encomia /-miə/)  a formal or high-flown expression of praise 赞美词，颂词，极度颂誉之词 [Latin from Greek egkōmion (as EN-2, kōmos ‘revelry’)]

encompass /inˈkʌmpəs, en-/ v. tr.  1  surround or form a circle about, esp. to protect or attack 包围；把…圈起(为保护或攻击) 2  contain 包含，包括 □ encompassment  n.  

encore /ˈɒŋkɔ:/ n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a call by an audience or spectators for the repetition of an item, or for a further item (听众或观众要求)返场；加演；重演 2  such an item 返场的节目 ●v. tr.  1  call for the repetition of (an item) 要求重复 2  call back (a performer) for this 要求(演员)返场 ●int. /also 亦作 -ˈkɔ:/  again, once more 再，再来一次 [French, = again]

encounter /inˈkaʊntə, en-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  meet by chance or unexpectedly 遭遇，碰上，邂逅 2  meet as an adversary 碰上对手，遭遇敌人 ●n.  1  a meeting by chance 意外遇见，偶然碰上，邂逅 2  a meeting in conflict 冲突；交战，交火 3  participation in an encounter group 参加“交心”(治疗)小组 [Middle English from Old French encontrer, encontre, ultimately from Latin contra ‘against’]

encounter group n.  a group of persons seeking psychological benefit through close contact with one another (通过交心活动进行心理调整的)“交心”(治疗)小组

encourage /inˈkʌridʒ, en-/ v. tr.  1  give courage, confidence, or hope to 鼓励，激励 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  urge, advise 敦促；劝告 3  stimulate by help, reward, etc. (通过帮助、奖励等手段)激励，激发 4  promote or assist (an enterprise, opinion, etc.) 促进；协助(企业、意见等) □ encouragement  n.  □ encourager  n.  □ encouraging  adj.  □ encouragingly  adv.   [Middle English from French encourager (as EN-1, COURAGE)]

encroach /inˈkrəʊtʃ, en-/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  intrude, esp. on another's territory or rights 侵犯(尤指他人领土或权利) 2  advance gradually beyond due limits (逐步)越界，超出限定；侵蚀，蚕食 □ encroacher  n.  □ encroachment  n.   [Middle English from Old French encrochier ‘seize, fasten upon’ (as EN-1, crochier from croc ‘hook’: see CROOK)]

encrust /inˈkrʌst, en-/ v. (also 亦作 incrust)  1 tr.  cover with a crust 用一层硬壳覆盖，包裹 2 tr.  overlay with an ornamental crust of precious material (用贵重物品在)表面装饰 3 intr.  form a crust 结壳，形成硬壳 □ encrustment  n.   [French incruster from Latin incrustare (as IN-2, crustare from crusta CRUST)]

encrustation var.  of INCRUSTATION  INCRUSTATION 的变体

encrypt /enˈkript/ v. tr.  1  convert (data) into code, esp. to prevent unauthorized access (对数据)编码；加密(尤指为防止非授权者使用) 2  conceal by this means 用加密的方法来隐藏 □ encryption  n.   [EN-1 + Greek kruptos ‘hidden’]

encumber /inˈkʌmbə, en-/ v. tr.  1  be a burden to; hamper, impede 使成为…的负担；妨碍；阻碍 2  burden (a person or estate) with debts, esp. mortgages 使(人或地产)负债，(尤指)抵押贷款 3  fill or block (a place) esp. with lumber 堵塞，阻塞；堆满(尤指用木头) [Middle English via Old French encombrer ‘block up’ from Romanic]

encumbrance /inˈkʌmbr(ə)ns, en-/ n.  1  a burden; an impediment; an annoyance 负担；障碍；烦恼 2 Law  a mortgage or other charge on property 【法律】(财产)抵押，负担 □ without encumbrance  archaic  having no children [古义]无子女，没孩子 [Middle English from Old French encombrance (as ENCUMBER)]

-ency /(ə)nsi/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a quality  efficiency  效率 fluency  流畅 or state  presidency  董事长 but not action (cf. 参见 -ENCE) 构成名词，表示“性质”；或“状态”；但不表示“行动” [Latin -entia (cf. -ANCY)]

encyclical /enˈsiklik(ə)l, in-, -ˈsaik-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a papal letter sent to all bishops of the Roman Catholic Church 通谕(教皇颁发给各地主教的公文) ●adj. (of a letter) for wide circulation (信件)广泛传播的，广泛流传的 [Late Latin encyclicus from Greek egkuklios (as EN-2, kuklos ‘circle’)]

encyclopedia /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:diə, in-/ n. (also 亦作 encyclopaedia)  a book, often in several volumes, giving information on many subjects, or on many aspects of one subject, usu. arranged alphabetically 百科全书；大全 [modern Latin, from spurious Greek egkuklopaideia for egkuklios paideia ‘all-round education’: cf. ENCYCLICAL]

encyclopedic /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:dik, in-/ adj. (also 亦作 encyclopaedic) (of knowledge or information) comprehensive 百科全书式的；包罗万象的，(知识或信息)广博的

encyclopedism /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:diz(ə)m, in-/ n. (also 亦作 encyclopaedism)  encyclopedic learning 百科全书式的知识，广博的学识

encyclopedist /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:dist, in-/ n. (also 亦作 encyclopaedist)  a person who writes, edits, or contributes to an encyclopedia 百科全书的作者(或编辑、撰稿人)

encyst /inˈsist, en-/ v. tr. & intr. Biol.  enclose or become enclosed in a cyst 【生】把…包在囊内，形成包囊 □ encystation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ encystment  n.  

end /end/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the extreme limit; the point beyond which a thing does not continue 末尾，终端；终点b  an extremity of a line, or of the greatest dimension of an object (线等的)端，梢，尽头c  the furthest point 尽头，终端  to the ends of the earth  天涯海角 2  the surface bounding a thing at either extremity; an extreme part 末尾；末端  a strip of wood with a nail in one end  一头带钉的木条 3  a  conclusion, finish 终结，结束，中止  no end to his misery  他的痛苦无终结b  the latter or final part 后者；最后部分c  death, destruction, downfall 死亡；毁灭；垮台  met an untimely end  不合时宜地完结了d  result, outcome 结果，结局e  an ultimate state or condition 最终状态，最后情况 4  a  a thing one seeks to attain; a purpose 目标，目的  will do anything to achieve his ends  为他的目标竭尽全力 to what end?  目的是什么？b  the object for which a thing exists (事物)存在的目的 5  a remnant; a piece left over 残留，剩余  cigarette end  烟头 6 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the limit of endurability [口]忍耐的极限，忍无可忍 7  the half of a sports pitch or court occupied by one team or player (比赛场地的)一端，半场 8  the part or share with which a person is concerned 有关一方，有关方面，与…有关的部分  no problem at my end  我这方面没问题 9 Bowls  a unit of play in which play is from one side of the green towards the other 【球戏】一回(从绿线端向另一端滚球) 10 Amer. Football  a player positioned nearest the sideline along the line of scrimmage 【美式橄榄球】边锋 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end 结束，终止 2 tr.  put an end to; destroy 终结，消灭 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  have as its result 以…为结果，以…而终  will end in tears  将以落泪而告终 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 by)  do or achieve eventually 最终取得，最终获得  ended by marrying an heiress  最终娶了一位女继承人 □ all ends up   completely 全部地，完全地；彻底地□ at an end   exhausted or completed 耗尽；完结，结束□ at the end of one's tether   see 见 TETHER □ come to a bad (or sticky) end   meet with ruin or disgrace 遭到毁灭；蒙受耻辱，落得不好的下场□ come to an end   1  be completed or finished 结束；完成 2  become exhausted 耗尽，耗竭□ end it all (or end it)  colloq.  commit suicide [口]自杀，自尽□ end of the road   the point at which a hope or endeavour has to be abandoned 无路可走；无计可施；穷途末路□ end of the world   the cessation of mortal life (世界)末日□ end on   with the end facing one, or with the end adjoining the end of the next object 端头相对；端头与另一物体端头相接，连续，不断□ end to end   with the end of each of a series adjoining the end of the next 首尾相接，一个接一个□ end up   reach a specified state, action, or place eventually 最终…，到头来…，以…而告终  ended up a drunkard  最后成了酒鬼 ended up making a fortune  最后发了财□ in the end   finally; after all 最后，最终□ keep one's end up   do one's part despite difficulties (不畏难地)坚持做□ make an end of   put a stop to 结束，中止；停止□ make ends (or both ends) meet   live within one's income 量入为出□ no end  colloq.  to a great extent, very much [口]很大程度上；非常□ no end of  colloq.  much or many of [口]很多，无穷尽□ on end   1  upright 直立，竖起  hair stood on end  头发竖起来 2  continuously 不断地，持续地  for three weeks on end  连续 3 周□ put an end to   1  stop (an activity etc.) 中止，结束(活动等) 2  abolish, destroy 废除；毁灭 [Old English ende, endian, from Germanic]

-end /end/ suffix  forming nouns in the sense ‘person or thing to be treated in a specified way’ (dividend 被除数 ; reverend 教士) 构成名词，表示“以专门方式处理、对待的人或事” [Latin gerundive ending -endus]

endanger /inˈdein(d)ʒə, en-/ v. tr.  place in danger 使遭危险，危及 □ endangerment  n.  

endangered species n.  a species in danger of extinction 濒危物种

end-around n. & adj. ●n. Amer. Football  an offensive play in which an end carries the ball round the opposite end 【美式橄榄球】边卫迂回战术(一种进攻战术，边卫持球迂回至另一侧后进攻) ●adj. Computing  involving the transfer of a digit from one end of a register to the other 【计算】移位的(数字信号从寄存器一端传至另一端)

en dash n.  = EN RULE 

endear /inˈdiə, en-/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make dear to or beloved by 让人喜爱；使受人爱戴(或爱慕)

endearing /inˈdiəriŋ, en-/ adj.  inspiring affection 可人的，让人喜爱的；让人倾慕的 □ endearingly  adv.  

endearment /inˈdiəm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  an expression of affection (表示)喜爱，钟爱；倾慕 2  liking, affection 喜欢，爱慕

endeavour /inˈdevə, en-/ v. & n. (US [美] endeavor) ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  try earnestly 努力，奋力 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 after) archaic  strive [古义]奋斗；力争 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or to + infin.)  effort directed towards a goal; an earnest attempt (朝某一目标)努力奋斗，努力争取 [Middle English from put oneself in devoir ‘do one's utmost’: see DEVOIR]

endemic /enˈdemik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  regularly or only found among a particular people or in a certain region 地方性的，某地特有的，(某地或某些人中)流行的 ●n.  an endemic disease or plant 地方病；某地特有的植物 □ endemically  adv.  □ endemicity  /endiˈmisiti/ n.  □ endemism  /ˈendimiz(ə)m/ n.   [French endémique or modern Latin endemicus from Greek endēmos ‘native’ (as EN-2, dēmos ‘the people’)]

endermic /enˈdɜ:mik/ adj.  acting on or through the skin 作用于皮肤的；经皮肤的 □ endermically  adv.   [EN-2 + Greek derma ‘skin’]

endgame /ˈen(d)ɡeim/ n.  the final stage of a game (esp. chess), when few pieces remain 游戏的最后阶段；终局，残局(尤指棋类)

ending /ˈendiŋ/ n.  1  an end or final part, esp. of a story 最后部分，(尤指故事)结尾 2  an inflected final part of a word 词尾变化 [Old English (as END, -ING1)]

endive /ˈendaiv, -div/ n.  1 (in full 全称 curly endive)  a curly-leaved plant, Cichorium endivia, used in salads (做沙拉用的)欧洲菊苣 2 N. Amer.  a chicory crown [北美]菊苣 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin endivia, ultimately from Greek entubon]

endless /ˈendlis/ adj.  1  infinite; without end; eternal 无尽的，无终止的，无休止的 2  continual, incessant 持续的，不断的  tired of their endless complaints  对他们没完没了的抱怨感到厌倦 3 colloq.  innumerable [口]无数的，数不清的 4 (of a belt, chain, etc.) having the ends joined for continuous action over wheels etc. (带子、链子等)环形链的，传送链(带)的，环带的 □ endlessly  adv.  □ endlessness  n.   [Old English endelēas (as END, -LESS)]

endless screw n.  = WORMn. 7b 

endmost /ˈen(d)məʊst/ adj.  nearest the end 最靠近末端的，最远端的

endnote /ˈen(d)nəʊt/ n.  a note printed at the end of a book or section of a book 结束语，后记，尾注

endo- /ˈendəʊ/ prefix  internal 内部的，向内的 [Greek endon ‘within’]

endocarditis /ˌendəʊkɑ:ˈdaitis/ n.  inflammation of the endocardium 心内膜炎 □ endocarditic  /-ˈditik/ adj.  

endocardium /endəʊˈkɑ:diəm/ n.  the lining membrane of the heart 心内膜 [ENDO- + Greek kardia ‘heart’]

endocarp /ˈendə(ʊ)kɑ:p/ n.  the innermost layer of the pericarp 内果皮 □ endocarpic  /-ˈkɑ:pik/ adj.   [ENDO- + PERICARP]

endocrine /ˈendə(ʊ)krain, -krin/ adj. (of a gland) secreting directly into the blood; ductless 内分泌(腺)的 [ENDO- + Greek krinō ‘sift’]

endocrinology /ˌendəʊkriˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure and physiology of endocrine glands 内分泌学 □ endocrinological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ endocrinologist  n.  

endoderm /ˈendə(ʊ)dɜ:m/ n.  the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development 内胚层 □ endodermal  /-ˈdɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.   [ENDO- + Greek derma ‘skin’]

endogamy /enˈdɒɡəmi/ n.  1 Anthropol.  marrying within the same tribe 【人】同族结婚 2 Bot.  pollination from the same plant 【植】同株授粉 □ endogamous  adj.   [ENDO- + Greek gamos ‘marriage’]

endogenous /enˈdɒdʒinəs, in-/ adj.  growing or originating from within 内生的，内源的 □ endogenesis  /endə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  □ endogeny  /enˈdɒdʒini/ n.  

endolymph /ˈendəʊlimf/ n.  the fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the ear 内淋巴(内耳膜状迷路内的淋巴液)

endometriosis /ˌendə(ʊ)mi:triˈəʊsis/ n.  the appearance of endometrial tissue outside the womb 子宫内膜异位症

endometrium /endə(ʊ)ˈmi:triəm/ n. Anat.  the membrane lining the womb 【解】子宫内膜 □ endometrial  /endə(ʊ)ˈmi:triəl/ adj.   [ENDO- + Greek mētra ‘womb’]

endomorph /ˈendə(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  1  a person with a soft round build of body and a high proportion of fat tissue (cf. 参见 ECTOMORPH, MESOMORPH) 胖型体质者，内胚层体型者 2 Mineral.  a mineral enclosed within another 【矿】内生矿，内容矿物 □ endomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ endomorphy  n.   [ENDO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

endoparasite /endəʊˈpærəsait/ n.  a parasite that lives on the inside of its host Also called 亦称作 entoparasite 体内寄生虫，内寄生物

endoplasm /ˈendə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  the more fluid granular inner layer of the cytoplasm in some protozoans (cf. 参见 ECTOPLASM 1) 内质(细胞内部的半流质部分)

endoplasmic reticulum /endəʊˈplæzmik/ n. Biol.  a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane and usu. having ribosomes attached 【生】内质网

endorphin /enˈdɔ:fin/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of peptide neurotransmitters occurring naturally in the brain and having pain-relieving properties 【生化】内啡呔 [French endorphine, from endogène ‘endogenous’ + MORPHINE]

endorse /inˈdɔ:s, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 indorse)  1  a  confirm (a statement or opinion) 确认(论断或看法)b  declare one's approval of 赞同；认可 2  sign or write on the back of (a document), esp. the back of (a bill, cheque, etc.) as the payee or to specify another as payee 背书，在背面签字(尤指写在账单，支票等后面以确认自己为支付者或确定某人为支付者) 3  write (an explanation or comment) on the back of a document (在文件的背面)批注 4 Brit.  enter details of a conviction for a motoring offence on (a driving licence) [英] (在驾照上)记录违章细节 □ endorsable  adj.  □ endorsee  /endɔ:ˈsi:/ n.  □ endorser  n.   [medieval Latin indorsare (as IN-2, Latin dorsum ‘back’)]

endorsement /inˈdɔ:sm(ə)nt, en-/ n. (also 亦作 indorsement)  1  the act or an instance of endorsing 确认；赞同；认可 2  something with which a document etc. is endorsed, esp. a signature 背书，签字 3  a record in a driving licence of a conviction for a motoring offence (写在驾照上的)违章记录 4  a recommendation of a product which can be cited in advertising material (对产品的)推荐，赞誉(可在做广告或推销产品时引用)

endoscope /ˈendəskəʊp/ n. Surgery  an instrument for viewing the internal parts of the body 【外科】内窥镜 □ endoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ endoscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  □ endoscopist  /enˈdɒskəpist/ n.  □ endoscopy  /enˈdɒskəpi/ n.  

endoskeleton /ˈendəʊˌskelit(ə)n/ n.  an internal skeleton, as found in vertebrates, echinoderms, etc. (脊椎、棘皮动物等的)内骨骼

endosperm /ˈendə(ʊ)spɜ:m/ n.  albumen enclosed with the germ in seeds 胚乳

endospore /ˈendə(ʊ)spɔ:/ n.  1  a spore formed by certain bacteria 内生孢子(由某些细菌产生的孢子) 2  the inner coat of a spore 孢子内壁

endothelium /endə(ʊ)ˈθi:liəm/ n. Anat.  a layer of cells lining the blood vessels, heart, and lymphatic vessels 【解】(血管、心脏、淋巴管的)内皮 □ endothelial  adj.   [ENDO- + Greek thēlē ‘teat’]

endothermic /endəʊˈθɜ:mik/ adj.  1 Chem.  occurring or formed with the absorption of heat 【化】吸热的；吸能的；由吸热而产生的 2 Zool.  dependent on or capable of internal generation of heat 【动】温血的，恒温的 □ endothermy  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

endotoxin /ˈendəʊˌtɒksin/ n.  a toxin present inside a bacterial cell and released when it disintegrates (细菌分解后释放出的)内毒素

endow /inˈdaʊ, en-/ v. tr.  1  bequeath or give a permanent income to (a person, institution, etc.) 资助；遗赠；捐赠(给个人、机构等) 2 (esp. as 尤作 endowed adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  invest or provide (a person or thing) with a talent, ability, quality, etc. 使…具有能力，(把才干，能力，特质等)赋予(某人或某物) □ endower  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French endouer (as EN-1, Old French douer ultimately from Latin dos dotis DOWER)]

endowment /inˈdaʊm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of endowing 资助；捐赠；遗赠 2  assets, esp. property or income with which a person or body is endowed 资助、捐赠的物品(尤指财产或钱款) 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  skill, talent, etc., with which a person is endowed 天生的才能(技艺等) 4 (作 attrib.)  denoting forms of life insurance involving payment by the insurer of a fixed sum on a specified date, or on the death of the insured person if earlier 人寿保险

endowment mortgage n. Brit.  a mortgage linked to endowment insurance of the mortgagor's life, the capital being paid from the sum insured [英]人寿保险抵押(用人寿保险所得偿还住房贷款)

endpaper /ˈen(d)peipə/ n.  a usu. blank leaf of paper at the beginning and end of a book, fixed to the inside of the cover 扉页(书前后封内所加空白页)

end-play n. Bridge  a method of play in the last few tricks to force an opponent to make a disadvantageous lead 【桥牌】残局打法(迫使对手被挤自投罗网)

end point n.  the final stage of a process, esp. the point at which an effect is observed in titration, dilution, etc. 最后阶段，最后时刻，(尤指)终点(在化学滴定，溶解等过程中开始观察到变化结果的时刻)

end product n.  the final product of manufacture, radioactive decay, etc. 终端产物；终端产品；最终产品

end result n.  final outcome 最终结果；归宿

end run n.  1 Amer. Football  an attempt by the ball-carrier to run round his or her own end 【美式橄榄球】端线外侧迂回进攻战术 2 US  an evasive tactic esp. in war or politics [美]规避战术(尤指在战争或政治中使用的)

end standard n.  a standard of length in the form of a metal bar or block with the end faces the standard distance apart (测量时尾端对准的长度刻度的)长度标准

end-stopped adj. (of verse) having a pause at the end of each line (诗歌)行尾停顿的

endue /inˈdju:, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 indue) (-dues, -dued, -duing) (foll. by 后跟 with) literary  invest or provide (a person or thing) with qualities, powers, etc. [文学用语]赋予(某人或某物)特质，权力等；授予 [earlier = induct, put on clothes: Middle English via Old French enduire from Latin inducere ‘lead in’, associated in meaning with Latin induere ‘put on (clothes)’]

endurance /inˈdjʊər(ə)ns, en-/ n.  1  the power or habit of enduring 容忍力；忍受力  beyond endurance  难以忍受 2  the ability to withstand prolonged strain 耐力  endurance test  耐力测试 3  the act of enduring 容忍；忍受，忍耐 [Old French from endurer: see ENDURE]

endure /inˈdjʊə, en-/ v.  1 tr.  undergo (a difficulty, hardship, etc.) 经历；遭受(困难、艰辛等) 2 tr.  a  tolerate (a person) 容忍，忍受(某人)  cannot endure him  不能容忍他b (esp. with neg. 尤与否定词连用 ; foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  bear 忍耐，忍受 3 intr.  remain in existence; last 持续，持久 4 tr.  submit to 顺从，服从 □ endurable  adj.  □ endurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ enduringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French endurer from Latin indurare ‘harden’ (as IN-2, durus ‘hard’)]

enduro /inˈdjʊərəʊ, en-/ n. (pl. -os)  a long-distance race for motor vehicles, designed to test endurance (机动车长距离的)耐力赛

end-user n.  the person, customer, etc., who is the ultimate user of a product 终端用户，最终用户

endways /ˈendweiz/ adv.  1  with its end uppermost or foremost or turned towards the viewer 末端朝上地；末端朝前地；末端朝向观众地 2  end to end 末端相对地

endwise /ˈendwaiz/ adv.  = ENDWAYS 

end zone n. Amer. Football  the rectangular area at the end of the field into which the ball must be carried or passed to score a touchdown 【美式橄榄球】球门区

ENE abbr. [缩略]  east-north-east 

-ene /i:n/ suffix  1  forming names of inhabitants of places (Nazarene 拿撒勒人) 构成名词，表示“…的居民” 2 Chem.  forming names of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond (benzene 苯 ; ethylene 乙烯) 【化】构成名称，表示“含烯” [from or suggested by Greek -ēnos]

enema /ˈenimə/ n. (pl. enemas or enemata /iˈnemətə/)  1  the injection of liquid or gas into the rectum, esp. to expel its contents 灌肠(法)，洗肠 2  a fluid or syringe used for this 灌肠剂；灌肠器 [Late Latin from Greek enema, from eniēmi ‘inject’ (as EN-2, hiēmi ‘send’)]

enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person or group actively opposing or hostile to another, or to a cause etc. 敌人，仇敌，仇人 2  a  a hostile nation or army, esp. in war 敌国；敌军(尤指在战争中)b  a member of this 敌兵c  a hostile ship or aircraft 敌舰；敌机 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  an adversary or opponent 敌手；反对者，敌对方 4  a thing that harms or injures 危害物，伤害物 5 (作 attrib.)  of or belonging to an enemy 敌人的，敌方的  destroyed by enemy action  被敌方的行动所摧毁 [Middle English via Old French enemi from Latin inimicus (as IN-1, amicus ‘friend’)]

energetic /enəˈdʒetik/ adj.  1  strenuously active 精神抖擞的，精力旺盛的 2  forcible, vigorous 充满活力的；强健的 3  powerfully operative 有力的，有劲的；高能的 □ energetically  adv.   [Greek energētikos from energeō (as EN-2, ergon ‘work’)]

energetics /enəˈdʒetiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of energy 能量学，(力)能学

energize /ˈenədʒaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  infuse energy into (a person or work) 给…注入活力，加油 2  provide energy for the operation of (a device) 为…提供能量，提供动力 □ energizer  n.  

energumen /enəˈɡju:mən/ n.  an enthusiast or fanatic 热心者；狂热分子 [Late Latin energumenus from Greek energoumenos, passive part. of energeō: see ENERGETIC]

energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  force, vigour; capacity for activity 干劲；活力；能力 2 (in pl. 用复数)  individual powers in use (个人的)精力，力量  devote your energies to this  将你的精力投入其中 3 Physics  the capacity of matter or radiation to do work 【物理学】能，能量 4  the means of doing work as provided by the utilization of physical or chemical resources (物理或化学等的)能源  nuclear energy  原子能 [French énergie or Late Latin energia from Greek energeia, from ergon ‘work’]

enervate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈenəveit/  deprive of vigour or vitality 使失去气力或活力 ●adj. /iˈnɜ:vət/  enervated 失去气势的，失去活力的，无力的 □ enervation  /enəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin enervatus, past part. of enervare (as E-, nervus ‘sinew’)]

en famille /ɒ˜ fæˈmi:, 法 ɑ˜ fæmij/ adv.  1  in or with one's family 如在家般地，家人般地 2  at home 在家里，和家人一起 [French, = in family]

enfant gɑˆté /ˌɒ˜fɒ˜ ɡæˈtei, 法 ɑ˜fɑ˜ ɡɑte/ n.  a person given undue flattery or indulgence 受到阿谀奉承的人，被纵容的人 [French, = spoilt child]

enfant terrible /ˌɒ˜fɒ˜ teˈri:bl(ə), 法 ɑ˜fɑ˜ tɛribl/ n. (pl. enfants terribles pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person who causes embarrassment by indiscreet or unruly behaviour 行事失检的人，使人难堪的人 [French, = terrible child]

enfeeble /inˈfi:b(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  make feeble 使虚弱，使无力，使衰弱 □ enfeeblement  n.   [Middle English from Old French enfeblir (as EN-1, FEEBLE)]

enfetter /inˈfetə, en-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  bind in or as in fetters 用镣铐束缚；使…带上脚镣；使受约束 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  enslave 使受奴役

enfilade /enfiˈleid/ n. & v. ●n.  gunfire directed along a line from end to end 纵射炮火，纵射 ●v. tr.  direct an enfilade at (troops, a road, etc.) (向军队、公路等)纵射，纵向射击 [French from enfiler (as EN-1, fil ‘thread’)]

enfold /inˈfəʊld, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 infold)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, with)  wrap up; envelop 把…包起来，裹住；封装 2  clasp, embrace 拥抱；怀抱

enforce /inˈfɔ:s, en-/ v. tr.  1  compel observance of (a law etc.) 强制执行，实施(法律等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impose (an action, conduct, one's will) (行动、行为、意愿)强加于 3  persist in (a demand or argument) 坚持(要求或论点) □ enforceable  adj.  □ enforceability  /-səˈbiliti/ n.  □ enforcedly  /-sidli/ adv.  □ enforcer  n.   [Middle English from Old French enforcir, -ier, ultimately from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

enforcement /inˈfɔ:sm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  the act or an instance of enforcing 执行，实施；强制执行 [Middle English from Old French, as ENFORCE + -MENT]

enforcement notice n. Brit.  an official notification to remedy a breach of planning legislation [英]执行文告

enfranchise /inˈfræn(t)ʃaiz, en-/ v. tr.  1  give (a person) the right to vote 给(某人)选举权 2  give (a town) municipal rights, esp. that of representation in Parliament 授予(城镇)政治权利(尤指在议会中的代表权) 3 hist.  free (a slave, villein, etc.) [史义]解放，使(奴隶，农奴等)获自由 □ enfranchisement  /-izm(ə)nt/ n.   [Old French enfranchir (as EN-1, franc franche ‘free’: see FRANK)]

en fête /ɒ˜ ˈfeit, 法 ɑ˜ fɛt/ adv. & predic. adj.  holding or ready for a holiday or celebration (节日、庆祝等)准备好(的)，忙于…节日活动(的) [French, = in festival]

ENG abbr.  electronic news-gathering [缩略]电子信息采集

engage /inˈɡeidʒ, en-/ v.  1 tr. esp. Brit.  employ or hire (a person) [尤英]雇，聘 2 tr.  a (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  employ busily; occupy 忙于…，致力于…  are you engaged tomorrow?  你明天有安排吗？b  hold fast (a person's attention) 吸引(注意), 使关注 3 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  bind by a promise, esp. of marriage 被(许诺)约束 , (尤指)订婚 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  bind by a contract 受合同制约；承诺 5 tr.  arrange beforehand to occupy (a room, seat, etc.) 事先安排，预订(房间、座位等) 6 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) Mech. 【机】  a tr.  interlock (parts of a gear etc.); cause (a part) to interlock 使(变速器等部件)啮合b intr. (of a part, gear, etc.) interlock (机器部件、变速器等)啮合 7  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) (of troops etc.) come into battle (指军队等)交火，交战b tr.  bring (troops) into battle 使(军队)投入战斗，参战c tr.  come into battle with (an enemy etc.) 与(敌人等)交战，交手 8 intr.  take part 参加，从事…  engage in politics  从政 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  pledge oneself (自我)发誓，保证 10 tr. (usu. as 通常作 engaged adj.) Archit.  attach (a column) to a wall 【建】附联，使(柱子)与墙相联 11 tr. (of fencers etc.) interlock (weapons) (击剑等)器械互锁，缠在一起 [French engager, related to GAGE1]

engaged /inˈɡeidʒd, en-/ adj.  1  under a promise to marry 订婚的 2  a  occupied, busy 忙于…的b  reserved, booked 预订的，预约的 3 Brit. (of a telephone line) unavailable because already in use [英] (电话线)被占用的

engaged signal n. (also 亦作 engaged tone) Brit.  a sound indicating that a telephone line is engaged [英]忙音，占线音

engagement /inˈɡeidʒm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or state of engaging or being engaged 从事，忙于 2  an appointment with another person 约会，会面 3  a betrothal 婚约，订婚 4  an encounter between hostile forces 交火，交战 5  a moral commitment 道德上的义务，责任 [French, from engager: see ENGAGE]

engagement ring n.  a finger ring given by a man to a woman when they promise to marry 订婚戒指

engaging /inˈɡeidʒiŋ, en-/ adj.  attractive, charming 迷人的，有魅力的，吸引人的 □ engagingly  adv.  □ engagingness  n.  

engagé /ɒŋɡæˈʒei, 法 ɑ˜ɡɑʒe/ adj. (of a writer etc.) morally committed (作家等)有道德观念的，承担道义责任的 [French, past part. of engager: see ENGAGE]

engender /inˈdʒendə, en-/ v. tr.  1  give rise to; bring about (a feeling etc.) 使产生，使涌起(感情等) 2 archaic  beget [古义]招致，引起 [Middle English via Old French engendrer from Latin ingenerare (as IN-2, generare GENERATE)]

engine /ˈendʒin/ n.  1  a mechanical contrivance consisting of several parts working together, esp. as a source of power 引擎，发动机 2  a  a railway locomotive 蒸汽机车，火车头b  = FIRE ENGINE c  = STEAM ENGINE  3 archaic  a machine or instrument, esp. a contrivance used in warfare [古义]机械装置或仪器，(尤指)用于战争的发明和装置 □ engined  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ engineless  adj.   [Old French engin from Latin ingenium ‘talent, device’: cf. INGENIOUS]

engine driver n. Brit.  the driver of an engine, esp. a railway locomotive [英]机车司机，(尤指)火车司机

engineer /endʒiˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person qualified in a branch of engineering, esp. as a professional 工程师；技师 2  = CIVIL ENGINEER  3  a  a person who makes or is in charge of engines 机械师，机器设计师b  a person who maintains machines; a mechanic; a technician 技工，技师，维修技师 4 N. Amer.  an engine driver [北美]机车司机，火车司机 5  a person who designs and constructs military works; a soldier trained for this purpose 工兵 6 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a skilful or artful contriver 能工巧匠；筹划者 ●v.  1 tr.  arrange, contrive, or bring about, esp. artfully 安排，导致，(尤指)巧妙地策划 2 intr.  act as an engineer (作为工程师)设计；制造；筹划 3 tr.  construct or manage as an engineer (作为工程师)建设；管理 [Middle English via Old French engigneor from medieval Latin ingeniator -oris, from ingeniare (as ENGINE)]

engineering /endʒiˈniəriŋ/ n.  the application of science to the design, building, and use of machines, constructions, etc. 工程

engineering science n.  engineering as a field of study 工程科学

engine house n.  a building where an engine is housed 发动机库，机车库

engine room n.  a room containing engines (esp. in a ship) (尤指在船上的)发动机房，轮机舱

enginery /ˈendʒin(ə)ri/ n.  engines and machinery generally (总称)机械，机器

engird /inˈɡɜ:d, en-/ v. tr.  surround with or as with a girdle (似)用带子环绕，用带围裹

engirdle /inˈɡɜ:d(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  engird 用带子环绕

England /ˈiŋglənd/ n.  英格兰

English /ˈiŋɡliʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to England or its people or language 英国的；英国人的；英语的 ●n.  1  the language of England, now used in many varieties in the British Isles, the United States, and most Commonwealth or ex-Commonwealth countries, and often internationally 英语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of England 英国人 3 US Billiards [美]【台球】  = SIDEn. 10  □ Englishness  n.   [Old English englisc, œnglisc (as ANGLE, -ISH1)]

English bond n.  a bond of brickwork arranged in alternate courses of stretchers and headers 英国式砌合(一种砌砖方法)

English elm  see 见 ELM 1 

English galingale  see 见 GALINGALE 2 

English horn n.  = COR ANGLAIS 

Englishman /ˈiŋɡliʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is English by birth or descent 英国男子(出生在英国或为英国人后裔)

Englishwoman /ˈiŋɡliʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is English by birth or descent 英国女子(出生在英国或为英国人后裔)

engorge /inˈɡɔ:dʒ, en-/ v. tr.  1 (in passive 用被动)  a  be crammed 塞满b Med.  be congested with blood 【医】充血 2  devour greedily 大吃，狼吞虎咽，饱食 □ engorgement  n.   [French engorger (as EN-1, GORGE)]

engraft /inˈɡrɑ:ft, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 ingraft)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, upon) Bot.  insert (a scion of one tree) into another tree 【植】嫁接 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  implant (principles etc.) in a person's mind 使树立，给某人灌输(原则等) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  incorporate permanently 使永久并入 □ engraftment  n.  

engrail /inˈɡreil, en-/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 engrailed adj.) esp. Heraldry  make semicircular indentations along the edge of (尤)【纹章学】把…边装饰成锯齿形 [Middle English from Old French engresler (as EN-1, gresle ‘hail’)]

engrain var.  of INGRAIN  INGRAIN 的变体

engram /ˈenɡræm/ n.  a supposed permanent change in the brain accounting for the existence of memory, a memory trace 记忆痕迹；(头脑中的)印迹 □ engrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.   [German Engramm, from Greek en ‘in’ + gramma ‘letter of the alphabet’]

engrave /inˈɡreiv, en-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  inscribe, cut, or carve (a text or design) on a hard surface (在坚硬的表面上)刻，雕刻(文字或图案) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  inscribe or ornament (a surface) in this way 用雕刻装饰 3  cut (a design) as lines on a metal plate for printing 刻版，雕版 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  impress deeply on a person's memory etc. 给…留下深刻记忆 □ engraver  n.   [EN-1 + GRAVE3]

engraving /inˈɡreiviŋ, en-/ n.  1  a print made from an engraved plate, block, or other surface 雕版；图版 2  the process or art of cutting a design etc. on a hard surface 雕刻术，镌版术

engross /inˈɡrəʊs, en-/ v. tr.  1  absorb the attention of; occupy fully 沉浸，使深深陷入，使全神贯注  engrossed in studying  沉浸在学习中 2  make a fair copy of a legal document 正式写成(法律文件) 3  reproduce (a document etc.) in larger letters or larger format 用大字体(或大号格式)重新书写(文件等) 4 archaic  monopolize (a conversation etc.) [古义]独占，垄断(讲话机会等) □ engrossing  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ engrossment  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French engrosser: senses 2 and 3 from en ‘in’ + grosse ‘large writing’: senses 1 and 4 from en gros ‘wholesale’]

engulf /inˈɡʌlf, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 ingulf)  1  flow over and swamp; overwhelm 淹没，吞没 2  swallow or plunge into a gulf (被陷窟)吞没，淹没 □ engulfment  n.  

enhance /inˈhɑ:ns, -hæns, en-/ v. tr.  heighten or intensify (qualities, powers, value, etc.); improve (something already of good quality) 增强，加强，提高(质量、力量、价值等)；改进，改善 □ enhancement  n.  □ enhancer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enhauncer, probably alteration of Old French enhaucier, ultimately from Latin altus ‘high’]

enharmonic /enhɑ:ˈmɒnik/ adj. Mus.  of or having intervals smaller than a semitone (esp. such intervals as that between G sharp and A flat, these notes being made the same in a scale of equal temperament) 【音】小于半音的，同音异名的 □ enharmonically  adv.   [Late Latin enharmonicus from Greek enarmonikos (as EN-2, harmonia HARMONY)]

enigma /iˈniɡmə/ n.  1  a puzzling thing or person 谜一样的事(或人)；神秘费解的事(或人) 2  a riddle or paradox 谜或自相矛盾的事 □ enigmatic  /eniɡˈmætik/ adj.  □ enigmatical  /eniɡˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ enigmatically  /eniɡˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  □ enigmatize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin aenigma from Greek ainigma -matos, from ainissomai ‘speak allusively’ from ainos ‘fable’]

enjambment /inˈdʒæm(b)m(ə)nt, en-/ n. (also 亦作 enjambement) Prosody  the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza 【诗体】(诗、对句、诗节中一行的)跨行连续 [French enjambement from enjamber (as EN-1, jambe ‘leg’)]

enjoin /inˈdʒɔin, en-/ v. tr.  1  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  command or order (a person) 指令，命令b (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  issue instructions 发布命令，下达指示 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  impose or prescribe (an action or conduct) 责令，吩咐 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from) Law  prohibit (a person) by order 【法律】下令禁止；下令阻止 □ enjoinment  n.   [Middle English via Old French enjoindre from Latin injungere (as IN-2, jungere ‘join’)]

enjoy /inˈdʒɔi, en-/ v. tr.  1  take delight or pleasure in 欣赏；喜爱 2  have the use or benefit of 享受，享有 3 Brit.  experience [英]经历  enjoy poor health  一段时间身体不好 □ enjoy oneself   experience pleasure 过得快活，得到乐趣□ enjoyer  n.  □ enjoyment  n.   [Middle English from Old French enjoier ‘give joy to’ or enjoïr ‘enjoy’, ultimately from Latin gaudēre ‘rejoice’]

enjoyable /inˈdʒɔiəb(ə)l, eʌ-/ adj.  pleasant; giving enjoyment 愉快的，快乐的，让人快活的 □ enjoyability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ enjoyableness  n.  □ enjoyably  adv.  

enkephalin /enˈkef(ə)lin/ n. (also 亦作 encephalin /enˈsef-/) Biochem.  either of two morphine-like peptides (endorphins) occurring naturally in the brain and thought to control levels of pain 【生化】脑啡肽 [Greek egkephalos ‘brain’ as ENCEPHALO-]

enkindle /inˈkind(ə)l, en-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  a  cause (flames) to flare up 使(火焰)燃起，点燃b  stimulate (feeling, passion, etc.) 刺激；激发；煽起(感情、热情等) 2  inflame with passion 煽情，使激动

enlace /inˈleis, en-/ v. tr.  1  encircle tightly 紧紧缠绕；包裹 2  entwine 盘绕，环绕 3  enfold 折叠，封装 □ enlacement  n.   [Middle English from Old French enlacier, ultimately from Latin laqueus ‘noose’]

enlarge /inˈlɑ:dʒ, en-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become larger or wider 使变大，使增大；使加宽 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon)  expatiate 详叙，细说 3 tr. Photog.  produce an enlargement of (a negative) 【摄】放大(照片) [Middle English from Old French enlarger (as EN-1, LARGE)]

enlargement /inˈlɑ:dʒm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of enlarging; the state of being enlarged 扩大，增大 2 Photog.  a print that is larger than the negative from which it is produced 【摄】放大的照片，扩印的照片

enlarger /inˈlɑ:dʒə/ n. Photog.  an apparatus for enlarging or reducing negatives or positives 【摄】(相片)放大机

enlighten /inˈlait(ə)n, en-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  instruct or inform (about a subject) 指导；使了解，使明晓 2 (esp. as 尤作 enlightened adj.)  free from prejudice or superstition 开明的，无偏见的，不迷信的 3 literary or poet. [文学用语] [诗]  a  shed light on (an object) 照亮，照耀b  give spiritual insight to (a person) 启迪，启发，开导 □ enlightener  n.  

enlightenment /inˈlait(ə)nm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of enlightening; the state of being enlightened 启迪，启蒙；指导 2 (作 the Enlightenment)  the 18th-c. philosophy emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition 18 世纪欧洲的启蒙运动

enlist /inˈlist, en-/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  enrol in the armed services 入伍，从军，应募，应征 2 tr.  secure as a means of help or support 获得…的帮助，谋取…的支持 □ enlister  n.  □ enlistment  n.  

enlisted man n. US  a soldier or sailor below the rank of officer [美]士兵

enliven /inˈlaiv(ə)n, en-/ v. tr.  1  give life or spirit to 赋予…生命，使有精神，使有神气 2  make cheerful, brighten (a picture or scene) 使(画或场面)生动活泼，明亮 □ enlivener  n.  □ enlivenment  n.  

en masse /ɒ˜ ˈmæs/ adv.  1  all together 全体地，一起地 2  in a mass 大量地；群体地 [French]

enmesh /inˈmeʃ, en-/ v. tr.  entangle in or as in a net (似)被网缠住，网住，困住 □ enmeshment  n.  

enmity /ˈenmiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being an enemy 敌对；不和 2  a feeling of hostility 敌意，仇恨 [Middle English via Old French enemitié from Romanic (as ENEMY)]

ennead /ˈeniæd/ n.  a group of nine 9 个一组(人或物) [Greek enneas enneados from ennea ‘nine’]

ennoble /iˈnəʊb(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1  make (a person) a noble 封…为贵族，使成为贵族 2  make noble; elevate 使高尚，使尊贵 □ ennoblement  n.   [French ennoblir (as EN-1, NOBLE)]

ennui /ɒnˈwi:/ n.  mental weariness from lack of occupation or interest; boredom 枯燥乏味，无聊，厌倦 [French from Latin in odio: cf. ODIUM]

Enoch /ˈi:nɒk/   伊诺克 [人名]

enology US var.  of OENOLOGY [美] OENOLOGY 的变体

enormity /iˈnɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  extreme wickedness 穷凶极恶，残暴，凶狠 2  an act of extreme wickedness 凶残的行为，残暴的行为 3  a serious error 严重的错误 4 disp.  great size; enormousness [异议]极大，巨大 [Middle English via French énormité from Latin enormitas -tatis, from enormis ENORMOUS]■Usage 用法说明 The use of enormity in sense 4 is often found, e.g. the enormity of the problem, but is regarded as incorrect by many people. 释义 4 的用法很常见，如 the enormity of problem (巨大的问题)，但很多人认为这种用法是不正确的。 

enormous /iˈnɔ:məs/ adj.  very large; huge 极大的，庞大的，巨大的  enormous animals  巨兽 an enormous difference  极大的差异 □ enormously  adv.  □ enormousness  n.   [Latin enormis (as E-, norma ‘pattern, standard’)]

enosis /iˈnəʊsis, ˈenəsis/ n.  the political union of Cyprus and Greece, as an ideal or proposal 希腊与塞浦路斯的政治合并(一种想法或建议) [modern Greek enōsis, from ena ‘one’]

enough /iˈnʌf/ det., adj., pron., adv. & int. ●det. & predic. adj.  as much or as many as required 足够的，充足的  we have enough apples  我们有足够的苹果 we do not have enough sugar  我们没有足够的糖 earned enough money to buy a house  挣够了买房钱 one book was enough to put her off  一本书就够她忙的了 ●pron.  an amount or quantity that is enough 足够的数量，充裕  we have enough of everything now  我们现在什么都不缺 enough is as good as a feast  饱餐不比宴席差 ●adv. (after an adj. or adv. 用在形容词或副词之后)  1  to the required degree, adequately 够用地，满足需要地  are you warm enough?  你还冷吗？ 2  fairly 相当，很…  she sings well enough  她唱得相当不错 3  very, quite 非常，十分  you know well enough what I mean  你很清楚我的意思 oddly enough  非常奇怪 ●int.  that is enough (in various senses, esp. to put an end to an action, thing said, etc.) 够了，行了(用于各种场合，尤在终止行动、所谈论的话题等时使用) □ have had enough of   want no more of; be satiated with or tired of 够了，不再需要；满足了；厌倦了 [Old English genog, from Germanic]

en passant /ɒ˜ pɑˈsɑ:nt, pɑsɒ˜/ adv.  1  by the way 顺便地，附带地 2 Chess  used with reference to the permitted capture of an opponent's pawn that has just advanced two squares in its first move with a pawn that could have taken it if it had advanced only one square 【棋类】(一种吃兵的方式)吃过路兵 [French, = in passing]

en pension /ɒ˜ pɒ˜ˈsjɒ˜, 法 ɑ˜ pɑ˜sjɔ˜/ adv.  as a boarder or resident 作为寄宿者；在寄宿处居住 [French: see PENSION2]

enplane /inˈplein, en-/ var.  of EMPLANE  EMPLANE 的变体

enprint /ˈenprint/ n. Brit.  a standard-sized photographic print [英]标准尺寸的照片 [enlarged print]

enquire /inˈkwaiə/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  seek information; ask a question (of a person) 询问；提问 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 after, for)  ask about a person, a person's health, etc. 问候(某人或其健康等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  ask about the availability of 询问是否可用，是否可提供… 4 tr.  ask for information as to 询问有关信息，了解有关消息  enquired my name  询问我的姓名 enquired whether we were coming  问我们是否前往 5 intr.  = INQUIRE 1  □ enquirer  n .  □ enquiring  adj.  □ enquiringly  adv.   [Middle English enquere from Old French enquerre, ultimately from Latin inquirere (as IN-2, quaerere quaesit- ‘seek’)]■Usage 用法说明 A useful distinction exists between enquire and inquire, although some people use these two words interchangeably. Enquire is best used to mean ‘to ask’ in general contexts, while inquire is best reserved to mean ‘to make a formal investigation’. In cases of academic investigation, enquire tends to be preferred e.g. enquire into the nature of happiness. The same distinction exists between enquiry and inquiry. 虽然有些人在使用 enquire 与 inquire 时不加区别，但是这两个词在用法上还是有差异的。 enquire 最好用来表示对一般内容的询问；而 inquire 最好用来表示对事情进行正式的调查。在表示学术性的查考时，人们倾向于用 enquire ，如 enquire into the nature of happiness (探询幸福的本质)。名词 enquiry 与 inquiry 亦有同样的区别。 

enquiry /inˈkwairi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of asking or seeking information 询问，查询 2  = INQUIRY ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ENQUIRE. 见 ENQUIRE 的用法说明。 

enrage /inˈreidʒ, en-/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 enraged adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 at, by, with)  make furious 激怒，使恼怒，使生气 □ enragement  n.   [French enrager (as EN-1, RAGE)]

en rapport /ɒn raˈpɔ:, 法 ɑ˜ rapɔr/ adv. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  in harmony or rapport 和谐地，融洽地 [French: see RAPPORT]

enrapture /inˈræptʃə, en-/ v. tr.  give intense delight to 使狂喜，使欣喜

enrich /inˈritʃ, en-/ v. tr.  1  make rich or richer 使富裕，使更富有 2  make richer in quality, flavour, nutritive value, etc. 增强；添加；强化(质量、风味、营养价值等) 3  add to the contents of (a collection, museum, or book) 使(藏品、博物馆陈列品、书籍等)充实，更加丰富 4  increase the content of an isotope in (material), esp. enrich (uranium) with isotope U-235 浓缩，富集(矿物)，(尤指)浓缩(铀) □ enrichment  n.   [Middle English from Old French enrichir (as EN-1, RICH)]

enrobe /inˈrəʊb, en-/ v. tr.  put on a robe, vestment, etc. 使穿长袍，使穿衣

enrol /inˈrəʊl, en-/ v. (US [美] enroll) (enrolled, enrolling)  1 intr.  enter one's name on a list, esp. as a commitment to membership 在(名单上)登记(尤指成为会员) 2 tr.  a  write the name of (a person) on a list 登记(某人的名字)，将…登入名单b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  incorporate (a person) as a member of a society etc. 使(某人)成为会员 3 tr. hist.  enter (a deed etc.) among the rolls of a court of justice [史义]将(契约等)归入法院档案 4 tr.  record 记录，登录，备案 □ enrollee  /-ˈli:/ n.   [Middle English from Old French enroller (as EN-1, rolle ROLL n.)]

enrolment /inˈrəʊlm(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] enrollment)  1  the act or an instance of enrolling; the state of being enrolled 招收，吸收；登记；注册 2 US  the number of persons enrolled, esp. at a school or college [美] (尤指学校的)招收人数

en route /ɒn ˈru:t/ adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  on the way 在路上，在途中 [French]

en rule n. Brit.  a short dash used in punctuation [英] (标点符号中的)短横

ensconce /inˈskɒns, en-/ v. tr. (usu. 通常作 refl. or in passive 用被动)  establish or settle comfortably, safely, or secretly (舒适地，安全地或秘密地)安顿，安置

ensemble /ɒ˜ˈsɒ˜:b(ə)l, ɒnˈsɒmb(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a thing viewed as the sum of its parts 全貌，概况b  the general effect of this 总效果 2  a set of clothes worn together; an outfit 全套服装，套装 3  a group of actors, dancers, musicians, etc., performing together, esp. subsidiary dancers in ballet etc. (舞蹈、音乐等合演、齐奏中的)群舞演员；合唱演员；伴唱组；合奏演员；(尤指)芭蕾舞中的群舞演员 4 Mus. 【音】  a  a concerted passage for an ensemble 合奏的乐段；曲谱b  the manner in which this is performed 合唱；齐唱；合奏  good ensemble  准确协调的合唱(奏) 5 Math.  a group of systems with the same constitution but possibly in different states 【数】总体 [French, ultimately from Latin insimul (as IN-2, simul ‘at the same time’)]

enshrine /inˈʃrain, en-/ v. tr.  1  enclose in or as in a shrine 把…(似)置于神龛内 2  serve as a shrine for 祀奉，把…奉为神明 3  preserve or cherish 保藏；珍惜；珍藏 □ enshrinement  n.  

enshroud /inˈʃrɑʊd, en-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  cover with or as with a shroud 用裹尸布覆盖，给…蒙上裹尸布 2  cover completely; hide from view 严遮；隐藏；掩盖

ensign /ˈensain/ n.  1  a  a banner or flag, esp. the military or naval flag of a nation 旗帜，军旗(尤指一国陆军或海军的)b Brit.  each of three flags, the blue, red, and white ensigns, with the union flag in the corner [英]旗帜一角标有会旗的蓝、红、白色旗中的一种 2  a standard-bearer 掌旗官 3  a hist.  the lowest commissioned infantry officer [史义]英国步兵少尉(陆军军官中的最低军衔)b US  the lowest commissioned officer in the navy [美]海军少尉(海军军官中的最低军衔) □ ensigncy  n.   [Middle English via Old French enseigne from Latin insignia: see INSIGNIA]

ensilage /ˈensilidʒ, enˈsailidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the process of making silage 青贮(饲料) 2  = SILAGEn. 2  ●v. tr.  treat (fodder) by ensilage (对饲草)进行青贮处理 [French (as ENSILE)]

ensile /enˈsail/ v. tr.  1  put (fodder) into a silo 入窖青贮(饲料) 2  preserve (fodder) in a silo 将(饲草)青贮保存在窖中 [French ensiler from Spanish ensilar (as EN-1, SILO)]

enslave /inˈsleiv, en-/ v. tr.  make (a person) a slave 奴役，使成为奴隶，使沦为奴隶 □ enslavement  n.  □ enslaver  n.  

ensnare /inˈsnɛə, en-/ v. tr.  catch in or as in a snare; entrap (用陷阱)诱捕；诱惑；使…入圈套 □ ensnarement  n.  

ensue /inˈsju:, en-/ v. intr. (ensues, ensued, ensuing)  1  happen afterwards 随后发生，跟着发生 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, on)  occur as a result 结果是…，接踵而来，继…而发生 [Middle English from Old French ensuivre, ultimately from Latin sequi ‘follow’]

en suite /ɒ˜ ˈswi:t/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  forming a single unit 组成一个单元；组成一套  bedroom with bathroom en suite  一套带卫生间的卧室 ●adj.  1  forming a single unit 组成一单元的；成为一套的  en suite bathroom  套房的卫生间 2  with a bathroom attached 附有卫生间的  seven en suite bedrooms  7 套带卫生间的卧室 [French, = in sequence]

ensure /inˈʃʊə, en-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  make certain 确定，确保 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  secure (a thing for a person etc.) (向某人等)担保，保证 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  make safe 使安全，保护 [Middle English via Anglo-French enseürer from Old French aseürer ASSURE]

enswathe /inˈsweið, en-/ v. tr.  bind or wrap in or as in a bandage (用绷带)缠绕，包扎；包紧，裹紧 □ enswathement  n.  

ENT abbr.  ear, nose, and throat [缩略]耳鼻喉

-ent /(ə)nt/ suffix  1  forming adjectives denoting attribution of an action  consequent  作为结果的 or state  existent  存在的 构成形容词，表示“有…性质”；或“状态” 2  forming nouns denoting an agent (coefficient 协作因素 ; president 董事长) 构成名词，表示“动作者” [from or suggested by French -ent or Latin -ent-, pres. part. stem of verbs (cf. -ANT)]

entablature /enˈtæblətʃə, in-/ n. Archit.  the upper part of a classical building supported by columns or a colonnade, comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice 【建】(古典建筑的)柱上楣构，檐部 [Italian intavolatura from intavolare ‘board up’ (as IN-2, tavola ‘table’)]

entablement /enˈteib(ə)lm(ə)nt, in-/ n.  a platform supporting a statue, above the dado and base 塑像底部，平台(在台座与基础上面) [French, from entabler (as EN-1, TABLE)]

entail /inˈteil, en-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  necessitate or involve unavoidably 使成为必要，必定要发生  the work entails much effort  这工作需要花不少力气 2 Law  bequeath (property etc.) so that it remains within a family 【法律】(财产等)遗赠，传给(家人) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  bestow (a thing) inalienably 把…不可转让地给予；使永久处于 ●n. Law 【法律】  1  an entailed estate 限嗣继承的不动产 2  the succession to such an estate 继承不动产的顺序；限嗣继承 □ entailment  n.   [Middle English, from EN-1 + Anglo-French taile TAIL2]

entangle /inˈtæŋɡ(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1  cause to get caught in a snare or among obstacles 缠住，套住 2  cause to become tangled 使混乱，使缠绕 3  involve in difficulties or illicit activities 卷入，陷入(麻烦、纠纷或非法活动)；被牵连，连累 4  make (a thing) tangled or intricate; complicate 使…复杂化，弄乱

entanglement /inˈtæŋɡ(ə)lm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or condition of entangling or being entangled 纠缠；连累；牵连，卷入 2  a  a thing that entangles 缠绕物b Mil.  an extensive barrier erected to obstruct an enemy's movements (esp. one made of stakes and interlaced barbed wire) 【军】(阻挡敌军前进的)障碍物(尤指尖桩和带刺的铁丝网) 3  a compromising (esp. amorous) relationship (人际关系，尤指恋爱关系的)折衷，妥协

entasis /ˈentəsis/ n. (pl. entases) Archit.  a slight convex curve in a column shaft to correct the visual illusion that straight sides give of curving inwards 【建】(纠正视觉错觉用的)圆柱上的微凸线，圆柱收分线 [modern Latin from Greek, from enteinō ‘to stretch’]

entelechy /enˈteləki, in-/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  the realization of potential 生命原理，潜能的实现 2  the supposed essential nature or guiding principle of a living thing 生命本原 [Late Latin entelechia from Greek entelekheia, from telos ‘end, perfection’ + ekhein ‘be in a state’]

entellus /inˈteləs, en-/ n.  = HANUMAN 1  [name of an aged Trojan in Virgil's Aeneid]

entente /ɒnˈtɒnt/ n.  1  = ENTENTE CORDIALE  2  a group of states in such a relation 有协议关系的各方；有协约关系的各国 [French, = understanding (as INTENT)]

entente cordiale /ɒ˜ˈtɒ˜t kɔ:diˈɑ:l, 法 ɑ˜tɑ˜t kɔrdjal/ n.  a friendly understanding between states, esp. (often Entente Cordiale) that reached in 1904 between Britain and France (国家之间的)协约，谅解；(尤指) 1904 年的《英法协约》 (常作 Entente Cordiale) [French, = cordial understanding: see ENTENTE]

enter /ˈentə/ v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  go or come in 进入b tr.  go or come into 进入…，来到…c intr.  come on stage 上台，入场 as a direction 作舞台指示用语 : enter Macbeth  麦克佩斯上场 2 tr.  penetrate; go through 透入，穿入  a bullet entered his chest  一粒子弹穿入他的胸膛 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  write (a name, details, etc.) in a list, book, etc. (在名单、本子上等)记，记录(姓名、细目等) 4  a intr.  register or announce oneself as a competitor 报名；报到(参赛)  entered for the long jump  参加跳远比赛b tr.  become a competitor in (an event) 成为参赛者c tr.  record the name of (a person etc.) as a competitor 比赛检录，登记  entered two horses for the Derby  为马赛登记了两匹马 5 tr.  a  become a member of (a society etc.) (会员)注册，成为…的会员b  enrol as a member or prospective member of a society, school, etc.; admit or obtain admission for 招收(为学生)；吸收(为会员)；同意吸纳，同意接收；得到批准，获得批准 6 tr.  make known; present for consideration (书面)使知道；提请考虑  entered a protest  提出抗议 7 tr.  put into an official record 备案，入档 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  a  engage in (conversation, relations, an undertaking, etc.) 参与，加入(谈话、关系、活动等)b  subscribe to; bind oneself by (an agreement etc.) 使自身受(合约、协议等)的约束，有义务c  form part of (one's calculations, plans, etc.) 组成(计算、计划等)的一部分d  sympathize with (feelings etc.) 同情，怜悯 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  begin, undertake; begin to deal with (a subject) 开始做，着手做；开始处理b  assume the functions of (an office) (政府机构)恢复功能，重新开始行使职能c  assume possession of (property) 恢复(财产)所有权，重新占有(财产) 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  complete a series of entries in (account books etc.) 完成(账簿等)登录 [Middle English via Old French entrer from Latin intrare]

enteric /enˈterik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the intestines 肠的，肠内的 ●n. (in full 全称 enteric fever)  typhoid 伤寒，肠热病 [Greek enterikos (as ENTERO-)]

enteritis /entəˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of the (small) intestine, often causing diarrhoea (小肠)肠炎(常引起腹泻)

entero- /ˈentərəʊ/ comb. form  intestine [构词成分]肠 [Greek enteron ‘intestine’]

enterostomy /entəˈrɒstəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Surgery  a surgical operation in which the small intestine is brought through the abdominal wall and opened, in order to bypass the stomach or the colon 【外科】肠造口术

enterotomy /entəˈrɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical cutting open of the intestine 肠切开术

enterovirus /ˈent(ə)rəʊˌvairəs/ n.  a virus infecting the intestines and sometimes spreading to other parts of the body, esp. the central nervous system 肠道病毒(有时会扩散到身体其他部位，尤其是中枢神经系统)

enterprise /ˈentəpraiz/ n.  1  an undertaking, esp. a bold or difficult one 事业(尤指带有冒险性、艰巨的) 2 (as a personal attribute) readiness to engage in such undertakings (指人的素质)事业心，魄力  has no enterprise  没有魄力 3  a business firm 企业，公司 □ enterpriser  n.   [Middle English from Old French entreprise, fem. past part. of entreprendre (variant of emprendre), ultimately from Latin prendere, prehendere ‘take’]

enterprise zone n.  a depressed (usu. urban) area where State incentives such as tax concessions are designed to encourage investment 企业振兴区(通常设在贫困城区，国家通过减税等措施来鼓励投资)

enterprising /ˈentəpraiziŋ/ adj.  1  ready to engage in enterprises 有事业心的，有进取心的，有魄力的 2  resourceful, imaginative, energetic 有想像力的；有思想的；积极进取的 □ enterprisingly  adv.  

entertain /entəˈtein/ v. tr.  1  amuse; occupy agreeably 给…娱乐，使…快乐 2  a  receive or treat as a guest 招待；款待b (absol. [含宾])  receive guests 请客  they entertain a great deal  他们频繁请客 3  give attention or consideration to (an idea, feeling, or proposal) 关注；考虑 [in earlier use = keep up, maintain: Middle English from French entretenir, ultimately from Latin tenēre ‘hold’]

entertainer /entəˈteinə/ n.  a person who entertains, esp. professionally on stage etc. 表演者，(尤指)在舞台等上表演的专业演员

entertaining /entəˈteiniŋ/ adj.  amusing, diverting 娱乐的，让人开心的， □ entertainingly  adv.  

entertainment /entəˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of entertaining; the process of being entertained 娱乐；招待，款待 2  a public performance or show 公共娱乐表演，娱乐演出 3  diversions or amusements for guests etc. 招待客人的娱乐活动 4  amusement 开心，愉悦  much to my entertainment  令我十分开心 5  hospitality 好客；热情招待

enthalpy /ˈenθ(ə)lpi, enˈθælpi/ n. Physics  the total thermodynamic heat content of a system 【物理学】热函，焓 [Greek enthalpō ‘warm in’ (as EN-1, thalpō ‘to heat’)]

enthral /inˈθrɔ:l, en-/ v. tr. (US [美] enthrall, inthrall) (-thralled, -thralling)  1  captivate, please greatly 迷住；使迷醉 2  enslave 奴役，使沦为奴隶 □ enthralment  n. (US [美] enthrallment)   [EN-1 + THRALL]

enthrone /inˈθrəʊn, en-/ v. tr.  1  install (a king, bishop, etc.) on a throne, esp. ceremonially 加冕，使登基，使登位(尤指通过仪式进行) 2  exalt 使居于最高地位；提升 □ enthronement  n.  

enthuse /inˈθju:z, en-/ v. intr. & tr. colloq.  be or make enthusiastic [口] (使)热心，(使)热情 [back-formation from ENTHUSIASM]

enthusiasm /inˈθju:ziæz(ə)m, en-/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, about)  a  strong interest or admiration 热情，热忱；热衷，巨大兴趣b  great eagerness 渴望 2  an object of enthusiasm 激发热情的事物 3 archaic  extravagant religious emotion [古义]宗教狂热 [French enthousiasme or Late Latin enthusiasmus from Greek enthousiasmos, from entheos ‘possessed by a god, inspired’ (as EN-2, theos ‘god’)]

enthusiast /inˈθju:ziæst, en-/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a person who is full of enthusiasm 热忱者，狂热者，热心者 2  a visionary; a self-deluded person 幻想者，空想者，自我迷惑者 [French enthousiaste or ecclesiastical Latin enthusiastes from Greek (as ENTHUSIASM)]

enthusiastic /inˌθju:ziˈæstik, en-/ adj.  having or showing enthusiasm 热情的，热心的；热烈的；热衷的，有巨大兴趣的 □ enthusiastically  adv.   [Greek enthousiastikos (as ENTHUSIASM)]

enthymeme /ˈenθimi:m/ n. Logic  a syllogism in which one premiss is not explicitly stated 【逻辑学】三段论省略式 [Latin enthymema from Greek enthumēma, from enthumeomai ‘consider’ (as EN-2, thumos ‘mind’)]

entice /inˈtais, en-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, into, or to + infin.)  persuade by the offer of pleasure or reward 诱惑，诱使，引诱 □ enticement  n.  □ enticer  n.  □ enticing  adj.  □ enticingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French enticier, probably from Romanic]

entire /inˈtaiə, en-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  whole, complete 整个的，全部的，全体的 2  not broken or decayed 完整的，无损的 3  unqualified, absolute 纯粹的；绝对的  an entire success  绝对的成功 4  in one piece; continuous 整个的，连续的 5  not castrated 未阉割的，未去势的 6 Bot.  without indentation 【植】全缘的，无齿状的 ●n.  an uncastrated animal 未阉割的动物 [Middle English via Anglo-French enter, Old French entier from Latin integer ‘untouched, whole’ (as IN-2, tangere ‘touch’)]

entirely /inˈtaiəli, en-/ adv.  1  wholly, completely 全部地，完全地  the stock is entirely exhausted  股市完全崩溃 2  solely, exclusively 单独地，专门地  did it entirely for my benefit  专为我自己的利益而为

entirety /inˈtaiərəti, -ˈtaiəti, en-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  completeness 全部，完全，整个 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the sum total 总量，总共 □ in its entirety   in its complete form; completely 全部，整个 [Middle English via Old French entiereté, from Latin integritas -tatis, from integer: see ENTIRE]

entitle /inˈtait(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  give (a person etc.) a just claim 使人有权拥有…b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  give (a person etc.) a right 使(人等)有权 2  a  give (a book etc.) the title of 为(书等)命名，起名b archaic  give (a person) the title of [古义]授予…某种称号  entitled him Sultan  封他为苏丹 □ entitlement  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French entitler, Old French entiteler from Late Latin intitulare (as IN-2, TITLE)]

entity /ˈentiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thing with distinct existence, as opposed to a quality or relation 实体，本体 2  a thing's existence regarded distinctly; a thing's essential nature (一物有别于他物的)存在；本质 □ entitative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [French entité or medieval Latin entitas from Late Latin ens ‘being’]

ento- /ˈentəʊ/ prefix  within 在内，内部 [Greek entos ‘within’]

entomb /inˈtu:m, en-/ v. tr.  1  place in or as in a tomb 埋葬，下葬 2  serve as a tomb for 作为…的坟墓 □ entombment  n.   [Old French entomber (as EN-1, TOMB)]

entomo- /ˈentəməʊ/ comb. form  insect [构词成分]昆虫 [Greek entomos ‘cut up’ (in neut. = INSECT, from its segmented body) from EN-2 + temnō ‘cut’]

entomology /entəˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the forms and behaviour of insects 昆虫学 □ entomological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ entomologist  n.   [French entomologie or modern Latin entomologia (as ENTOMO-, -LOGY)]

entomophagous /entəˈmɒfəɡəs/ adj. Zool.  insect-eating 【动】食虫的

entomophilous /entəˈmɒfiləs/ adj. Biol.  pollinated by insects 【生】虫媒(传粉)的

entoparasite /entəʊˈpærəsait/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ENDOPARASITE 

entophyte /ˈentə(ʊ)fait/ n. Bot.  a plant growing inside a plant or animal 【植】内(寄)生植物

entourage /ˈɒntʊrɑ:ʒ, ɒntʊ(ə)ˈrɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a group of people attending or surrounding an important person 随从；随行人员，待从 2  surroundings 周围环境，周围的事物 [French, from entourer ‘surround’]

entr'acte /ˈɒntrækt/ n.  1  an interval between two acts of a play 幕间休息 2  a piece of music or a dance performed during this 幕间插演的音乐(或舞蹈) [French, from entre ‘between’ + acte ‘act’]

entrails /ˈentreilz/ n. pl.  1  the intestines of a person or animal (人或动物的)内脏，肠 2  the innermost parts 内核，内部  entrails of the earth  地球的内部构造 [Middle English via Old French entrailles and medieval Latin intralia alteration of Latin interaneus ‘internal’, from inter ‘among’]

entrain1 /inˈtrein, en-/ v. intr. & tr.  go or put on board a train 乘火车；使乘火车

entrain2 /inˈtrein, en-/ v. tr.  1 (of a fluid) carry (particles etc.) along in its flow (指流体)带走，夹带(微粒等) 2  drag along 拖，拉，拖曳 □ entrainment  n.   [French entraîner (as EN-1, traîner ‘drag’, formed as TRAIN)]

entrain3 /ɒ˜ˈtrɒ˜, 法 ɑ˜trɛ˜/ n.  enthusiasm, animation 热情，有生气，活泼 [French]

entrammel /inˈtræm(ə)l, en-/ v. tr. (entrammelled, entrammelling; US [美] entrammeled, entrammeling)  entangle, hamper 使受约束，妨碍，限制

entrance1 /ˈentr(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of going or coming in 进入，进来 2  a door, passage, etc., by which one enters 入口，进口 3  right of admission 进入权，进入许可 4  the coming of an actor on stage (演员)上台，上场，登场 5 Mus. 【音】  = ENTRY 8  6 (foll. by 后跟 into, upon)  entering into office etc. 上任，就职，就任 7 (in full 全称 entrance fee) esp. Brit.  a fee paid for admission to a society, club, exhibition, etc. [尤英]入会费；入场费，参观费 [Old French (as ENTER, -ANCE)]

entrance2 /inˈtrɑ:ns, en-/ v. tr.  1  enchant, delight 使着迷，使欣喜若狂 2  put into a trance 使神志恍惚 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  overwhelm with strong feeling 使狂喜，使沉浸于 □ entrancement  n.  □ entrancing  adj.  □ entrancingly  adv.  

entrant /ˈentr(ə)nt/ n.  a person who enters (esp. an examination, profession, etc.) 参加者，参试者；新职员，新成员 [French, pres. part. of entrer: see ENTER]

entrap /inˈtræp, en-/ v. tr. (entrapped, entrapping)  1  catch in or as in a trap 诱捕，使入陷阱，使入圈套 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 into + verbal noun)  beguile or trick (a person) 诱骗，使(某人)上当 [Old French entraper (as EN-1, TRAP1)]

entrapment /inˈtræpm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of entrapping; the process of being entrapped 被诱陷，使入圈套 2 Law  inducement to commit a crime, esp. by the authorities to secure a prosecution 【法律】诱捕

entreat /inˈtri:t, en-/ v. tr.  1  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  ask (a person) earnestly 恳求，请求(某人)b  ask earnestly for (a thing) 乞求，恳请得到(某物) 2 archaic  treat; act towards (a person) [古义]对待，对付 □ entreatingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French entraiter (as EN-1, traiter TREAT)]

entreaty /inˈtri:ti, en-/ n. (pl. -ies)  an earnest request; a supplication 恳求，请求，乞求 [ENTREAT, after TREATY]

entrechat /ˈɑ:ntrəʃɑ:/ n.  a leap in ballet, with one or more crossings of the legs while in the air 安特雷沙(芭蕾舞跳跃动作，跳起后腿在空中多次交叉) [French, from Italian (capriola) intrecciata ‘complicated (caper) ’]

entrecôte /ˈɒntrəkəʊt/ n.  a boned steak cut off the sirloin (从牛腰部切下的)带骨牛肉 [French, from entre ‘between’ + côte ‘rib’]

entremets /ɒntrəˈmei, 法 ɑ˜trəmɛ/ n.  1  a sweet dish (西餐中)一道甜点 2  a light dish served between two courses 两道菜之间上的一道小菜 [French, from entre ‘between’ + mets ‘dish’]

entrench /inˈtren(t)ʃ, en-/ v. (also 亦作 intrench)  1  a tr.  establish firmly (in a defensible position, in office, etc.) 牢固建立(防守位置、职位等)，使处于稳固地位b (as 作 entrenched adj.) (of an attitude etc.) not easily modified (态度等)坚定的，难以改变的 2 tr.  surround (a post, army, town, etc.) with a trench as a fortification 四周用堑壕围住，挖壕沟围住(要塞、部队、城镇等) 3 tr.  apply extra safeguards to (rights etc. guaranteed by legislation) (采取额外措施来)保障；保卫(法律规定的权利) 4 intr.  entrench oneself 使自己处于稳固地位 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 upon)  encroach, trespass 蚕食，侵入 □ entrench oneself   adopt a well-defended position 使自己处于稳固地位□ entrenchment  n.  

entre nous /ɒntrə ˈnu:, 法 ɑ˜trə nu/ adv.  1  between you and me 只限你我之间；你知我知，不得外传 2  in private 私下地，秘密地 [French, = between ourselves]

entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜ:/ n.  1  a person who undertakes an enterprise or business, with the chance of profit or loss 企业家，实业家 2  a contractor acting as an intermediary 承包商，中间商 3  the person in effective control of a commercial undertaking 工商企业的主管 4  a person who organizes entertainments, esp. musical shows 主办人，演出经纪人(尤指音乐演出) □ entrepreneurial  /-ˈn(j)ɜ:riəl, -ˈnjʊəriəl/ adj.  □ entrepreneurialism  /-ˈn(j)ɜ:riəliz(ə)m, -ˈnjʊəriəliz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 entrepreneurism)  □ entrepreneurially  /-ˈn(j)ɜ:riəli, -ˈnjʊəriəli/ adv.  □ entrepreneurship  n.   [French, from entreprendre undertake: see ENTERPRISE]

entrepôt /ˈɒntrəpəʊ/ n.  1  a warehouse for temporary storage of goods in transit 临时仓库，堆栈 2  a commercial centre for import and export, and for collection and distribution (进出口)贸易中心，货物集散地 [French from entreposer ‘to store’, from entre- INTER- + poser ‘place’]

entresol /ˈɒntrəsɒl/ n.  a low storey between the first and the ground floor; a mezzanine floor (一层与二层之间的)夹层楼面，半楼 [French, from entre ‘between’ + sol ‘ground’]

entrism var.  of ENTRYISM  ENTRYISM 的变体

entropy /ˈentrəpi/ n.  1 Physics  a measure of the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, in some contexts interpreted as a measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in the system 【物理学】熵 2  a measure of the rate of transfer of information in a message etc. 信息传送率，平均信息量 □ entropic  /-ˈtrɒpik/ adj.  □ entropically  /-ˈtrɒpik(ə)li/ adv.   [German Entropie (as EN-2, Greek tropē ‘transformation’)]

entrust /inˈtrʌst, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 intrust)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  give responsibility for (a person or a thing) to a person in whom one has confidence (将人与物)委托，交托(给信任的人) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  assign responsibility for a thing to (a person) 委托管理，委托(某人)做 □ entrustment  n.  

entry /ˈentri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the act or an instance of going or coming in 进入，进来b  the coming of an actor on stage 上场，入场c  ceremonial entrance 入场(或入城等)仪式 2  liberty to go or come in 进入权 3  a  a place of entrance; a door, gate, etc. 入口，大门b Brit.  a lobby [英]大厅，门厅 4 Brit.  a passage between buildings [英]建筑物间的通道 5  the mouth of a river 河口 6  a  an item entered in a diary, list, account book, etc. (日记、表格、账簿中的)项目，内容b  the recording of this (账簿、表格的)登录 7  a  a person or thing competing in a race, contest, etc. (竞赛中的)参赛者，参赛物(车、船、设计等)b  a list of competitors 参赛选手名单 8  the start or resumption of music for a particular instrument in an ensemble (合奏中某一乐器的)加入 9 Law  the act of taking possession 【法律】占有，侵占 10 Bridge 【桥牌】  a  an opportunity to transfer the lead to one's partner's hand 将出牌权转到搭档手中的时机b  a card providing this 可将出牌权转至搭档手中的牌，入手张 [Middle English from Old French entree, ultimately from Latin intrare ENTER]

entry form n.  an application form for a competition 竞赛申请表

entryism /ˈentriiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 entrism)  infiltration into a political organization to change or subvert its policies or objectives 打入内部(从内部改变政党的政治主张和目标等) □ entrist  n.  □ entryist  n.  

entry permit n.  an authorization to enter a particular country etc. 入境许可，准入证

entryphone /ˈentrifəʊn/ n. Brit. propr.  an intercom device at an entrance to a building by which callers may identify themselves to gain admission [英] [商标] (高楼入口处的)对讲电话(安装在大楼入口处，供来访者向被访者通报)

entrée /ˈɒntrei/ n.  1  a Brit.  a dish served between the fish and meat courses [英] (西餐中)在鱼与肉菜之间上的一道菜b esp. N. Amer.  the main dish of a meal [尤北美]主菜 2  the right or privilege of admission, esp. at Court 进入权，入场权，入场许可(尤指进入法庭) [French, = ENTRY]

entwine /inˈtwain, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 intwine)  1 (foll. by 后跟 with, about, round)  twine together (a thing with or round another) 缠绕，盘绕 2  interweave 交织，编织 □ entwinement  n.  

enucleate /iˈnju:klieit/ v. tr. Surgery  extract (a tumour etc.) 【外科】摘出，摘除(肿瘤等) □ enucleation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin enucleare (as E-, NUCLEUS)]

E-number /ˈi:ˌnʌmbə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a code number preceded by the letter E, denoting food additives according to EC directives (按欧共体要求)表示食品添加剂的 E 字头的代码 2 colloq.  a food additive [口]食品添加剂

enumerate /iˈnju:məreit/ v. tr.  1  specify (items); mention one by one 列举，枚举 2  count; establish the number of 数，点，计数 □ enumerable  adj.  □ enumeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ enumerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin enumerare (as E-, NUMBER)]

enumerator /iˈnju:məreitə/ n.  1  a person who enumerates 计数者，计数员 2  a person employed in census-taking 人口普查员

enunciate /iˈnʌnsieit/ v. tr.  1  pronounce (words) clearly 清晰地发音(念字) 2  express (a proposition or theory) in definite terms 阐明，阐述 3  proclaim 宣布，声明 □ enunciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ enunciative  /-siətiv/ adj.  □ enunciator  n.   [Latin enuntiare (as E-, nuntiare ‘announce’ from nuntius ‘messenger’)]

enure /iˈnjʊə/ v. intr. Law 【法律】  = INURE 2  [variant of INURE]

enuresis /enjʊəˈri:sis/ n. Med.  involuntary urination 【医】遗尿 □ enuretic  /-ˈretik/ adj. & n.   [modern Latin, from Greek enoureō ‘urinate in’ (as EN-2, ouron ‘urine’)]

envelop /inˈveləp, en-/ v. tr. (enveloped, enveloping)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  a  wrap up or cover completely 包起来，裹起来；封装b  make obscure; conceal 藏匿，隐藏  was enveloped in mystery  被包裹在神秘中 2 Mil.  completely surround (an enemy) 【军】团团围住，完全包围，合围 □ envelopment  n.   [Middle English from Old French envoluper (as EN-1, origin of second element unknown: cf. DEVELOP)]

envelope /ˈenvələʊp, ˈɒn-/ n.  1  a folded paper container, usu. with a sealable flap, for a letter etc. 信封 2  a wrapper or covering 封套，封皮，外套，包封 3  the structure within a balloon or airship containing the gas (热气球、飞艇的)气囊 4  the outer metal or glass housing of a vacuum tube, electric light, etc. (真空管、电灯等的玻璃或金属)外壳，外罩 5 Electr.  a curve joining the successive peaks of a modulated wave 【电】(调制波的)包络 6 Bot.  an enveloping structure, esp. the calyx or corolla (or both) 【植】包被(尤指花萼或花冠或两者之合称) 7 Math.  a line or curve tangent to each line or curve of a given family 【数】包络线；包络面 [French enveloppe (as ENVELOP)]

envenom /inˈvenəm, en-/ v. tr.  1  put poison on or into; make poisonous 下毒，使有毒 2  infuse venom or bitterness into (feelings, words, or actions) 使生恶意，毒化；使仇恨 [Middle English from Old French envenimer (as EN-1, venim VENOM)]

enviable /ˈenviəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a person or thing) exciting or likely to excite envy 令人羡慕的，让人嫉妒的 □ enviably  adv.  

envious /ˈenviəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  feeling or showing envy 妒忌的，羡慕的 □ enviously  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French envious, Old French envieus, from envie ENVY]

environ /inˈvairən, en-/ v. tr.  encircle, surround (esp. hostilely or protectively) 包围，围住(尤指敌意地或保护性地围住) [Middle English via Old French environer from environ ‘surroundings’, from en ‘in’ + viron ‘circuit’ from virer ‘turn, VEER1’]

environment /inˈvairənm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the physical surroundings, conditions, circumstances, etc., in which a person lives 环境，周边环境，居住环境  poor home environment  居住环境很差 2  the area surrounding a place 周边，四周，周围 3  a  external conditions as affecting plant and animal life (植物和动物的)生存环境b (作 the environment)  the totality of the physical conditions on the earth or a part of it, esp. as affected by human activity (尤指受人的活动影响的)生态环境 4 Computing  the overall structure within which a user, computer, or program operates 【计算】运行环境 5  a structure designed to be experienced from inside as a work of art 环境艺术作品(一种通过在其中体验而完成艺术欣赏过程的艺术设计理念) □ environmental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ environmentally  /-ˈment(ə)li/ adv.  

environmentalist /inˌvairənˈment(ə)list, en-/ n.  1  a person who is concerned with or advocates the protection of the environment 关心环保的人士，环保论者 2  a person who considers that environment has the primary influence on the development of a person or group 环境影响论的支持者 □ environmentalism  n.  

environment-friendly adj.  not harmful to the environment 对环境无害的，对环境友好的

environs /inˈvairənz, en-, ˈenvirənz/ n. pl.  a surrounding district, esp. round an urban area 市郊，郊外，郊区

envisage /inˈvizidʒ, en-/ v. tr.  1  have a mental picture of (a thing or conditions not yet existing) 想像；幻想 2  contemplate or conceive, esp. as a possibility or desirable future event 设想，拟想 3 archaic [古义]  a  face (danger, facts, etc.) 面对(危险、事实等)b  look in the face of 直视，正视 □ envisagement  n.   [French envisager (as EN-1, VISAGE)]

envision /enˈviʒ(ə)n/ v. tr.  envisage, visualize 想像，展望

envoi /ˈenvɔi/ n. (also 亦作 envoy)  1  a short stanza concluding a ballade etc. 短的结尾诗节 2 archaic  an author's concluding words [古义]跋，后记 [Middle English from Old French envoi, from envoyer (as ENVOY1)]

envoy1 /ˈenvɔi/ n.  1  a messenger or representative, esp. on a diplomatic mission (尤指外交)信使，特使 2 (in full 全称 envoy extraordinary)  a minister plenipotentiary, ranking below ambassador and above chargé d'affaires 特命全权公使(级别在大使和参赞之间) □ envoyship  n.   [French envoyé, past part. of envoyer ‘send’, from en voie ‘on the way’, from Latin via]

envoy2 var.  of ENVOI  ENVOI 的变体

envy /ˈenvi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by another's better fortune etc. 嫉妒(心) 2  the object or ground of this feeling 引人嫉妒的事物或原由  their house is the envy of the neighbourhood  他家的房子引起了邻居们的嫉妒 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  feel envy of (a person, circumstances, etc.) (对人或环境、条件等的)羡慕，嫉妒  I envy you your position  我羡慕你的地位 □ envier  n.   [Middle English via Old French envie from Latin invidia, from invidēre ‘envy’ (as IN-1, vidēre ‘see’)]

enweave var.  of INWEAVE  INWEAVE 的变体

enwrap /inˈræp, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 inwrap) (-wrapped, -wrapping) (often foll. by 常后跟 in) literary  wrap or enfold [文学用语]包裹，围裹；折叠

enwreathe /inˈri:ð, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 inwreathe) literary  surround with or as with a wreath [文学用语]用花圈围绕，饰…以花环

Enzed /enˈzed/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq. a popular written form of [澳新口]通俗书面语 :  1  New Zealand 新西兰 2  a New Zealander 新西兰人 □ Enzedder  n.   [pronunciation of NZ]

enzootic /enzəʊˈɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a disease) regularly affecting animals in a particular district or at a particular season (cf. 参见 ENDEMIC, EPIZOOTIC) (指动物疾病)地方性的；时疫的 ●n.  an enzootic disease (动物的)地方病；时疫 [Greek en ‘in’ + zōion ‘animal’]

enzyme /ˈenzaim/ n. Biochem.  a protein acting as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction 【生化】酶 □ enzymatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ enzymic  /-ˈzaimik/ adj.  □ enzymology  /-ˈmɒlədʒi/ n.   [German Enzym from medieval Greek enzumos ‘leavened’, from Greek en ‘in’ + zumē ‘leaven’]

EOC abbr.  Equal Opportunities Commission [缩略]机会均等委员会

Eocene /ˈi:ə(ʊ)si:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the second epoch of the Tertiary period with evidence of an abundance of mammals including horses, bats, and whales 始新系的，始新世的 ●n.  this epoch or system 始新世，始新系 [Greek ēōs ‘dawn’ + kainos ‘new’]

E. & O. E. abbr.  errors and omissions excepted [缩略]错漏不在此限

eolian US var.  of AEOLIAN AEOLIAN 的变体

eolith /ˈi:ə(ʊ)liθ/ n. Archaeol.  any of various roughly chipped flints found in Tertiary strata and originally thought to be early artefacts 【考古】(原)始石器 [Greek ēōs ‘dawn’ + lithos ‘stone’]

eolithic /i:ə(ʊ)ˈliθik/ adj. Archaeol.  of the period preceding the palaeolithic age, thought to include the earliest use of flint tools 【考古】(原)始石器时代的 [French éolithique (as EOLITH)]

eon var.  of AEON  AEON 的变体

eosin /ˈi:ə(ʊ)sin/ n.  a red fluorescent dye used esp. as a stain in optical microscopy 曙红(一种红色荧光染料)；(尤指用于光学显微镜观察的)染色剂 [Greek ēōs ‘dawn’ + -IN]

eosinophil /i:ə(ʊ)ˈsinəfil/ n.  a white blood cell containing granules readily stained by eosin 嗜曙红(粒)细胞

-eous /iəs/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘of the nature of’ (erroneous 错误的 ; gaseous 气体的) 构成形容词，表示“…性质的”，“…属性的”

EP abbr. [缩略]  1  electroplate  2 (esp. of a gramophone record) extended-play (尤指唱片)慢速的，密纹的 3  extreme pressure (used in grading lubricants) 超高压力(用于润滑剂的分级)

Ep. abbr. [缩略]  Epistle 

e.p. abbr. Chess [缩略]【棋类】  en passant 

ep- /ep, ip, i:p/ prefix  form of EPI- before a vowel or h (用于元音或 h 音前)前缀 EPI- 的变形

EPA abbr. (in the US) Environmental Protection Agency [缩略] (美)环境保护局

epact /ˈi:pækt/ n.  the number of days by which the solar year exceeds the lunar year 闰余(阳历一年超过阴历一年的天数，约为 11 日) [French épacte via Late Latin epactae from Greek epaktai (hēmerai) ‘intercalated (days)’, from epagō ‘intercalate’ (as EPI-, agō ‘bring’)]

eparch /ˈepɑ:k/ n.  the chief bishop of an eparchy (东正教)大主教 [Greek eparkhos (as EPI-, arkhos ‘ruler’)]

eparchy /ˈepɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a province of the Orthodox Church (东正教)主教管区 [Greek eparkhia (as EPARCH)]

epaulette /ˈepəlet, -pɔ:l-, epəˈlet/ n. (US [美] epaulet)  an ornamental shoulder-piece on a coat, dress, etc., esp. on a uniform 肩章，肩饰；肩章形饰物(尤指制服或军服上的) [French épaulette, diminutive of épaule ‘shoulder’, from Latin spatula: see SPATULA]

epeirogenesis /iˌpairə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. (also 亦作 epeirogeny /-ˈrɒdʒəni/) Geol.  the regional uplift of extensive areas of the earth's crust 【地质】造陆运动 □ epeirogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [Greek ēpeiros ‘mainland’ + GENESIS, -GENY]

epenthesis /eˈpenθisis/ n. (pl. epentheses /-si:z/)  the insertion of a letter or sound within a word, e.g. b in thimble 插音，增音(如 thimble 中的 b) □ epenthetic  /epenˈθetik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek, from epentithēmi ‘insert’ (as EPI- + EN-2 + tithēmi ‘place’)]

epergne /iˈpɜ:n/ n.  an ornament (esp. in branched form) for the centre of a dinner-table, holding flowers or fruit (餐桌中央放水果或鲜花用的)饰架(尤指分叉的) [18th c.: perhaps a corruption of French épargne ‘saving, economy’, in the phrase taille or gravure d'épargne, metal or etching in which parts are ‘spared’, i.e. left in relief]

epexegesis /eˌpeksiˈdʒi:sis/ n. (pl. epexegeses /-si:z/)  1  the addition of words to clarify meaning (e.g. to do in difficult to do) (为解释说明而做的)增词，补说(语) (例如 difficult to do 中的 to do) 2  the words added 增补的词语 □ epexegetic  /-ˈdʒetik/ adj.  □ epexegetical  /-ˈdʒetik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epexegetically  /-ˈdʒetik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek epexēgēsis (as EPI-, EXEGESIS)]

Eph. abbr. [缩略]  Ephesians (New Testament) 

ephebe /eˈfi:b, i-, ˈefi:b/ n. Gk Hist.  a young man of 18 － 20 undergoing military training [希]【史】青丁(年轻的男公民，特指 18 至 20 岁接受军事训练的男子) □ ephebic  /eˈfi:bik, i-/ adj.   [Latin ephebus from Greek ephēbos (as EPI-, hēbē ‘early manhood’)]

ephedra /eˈfedrə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Ephedra, with trailing stems and scalelike leaves 麻黄属植物 [modern Latin from Greek ephedra ‘sitting upon’]

ephedrine /ˈefədri:n/ n.  an alkaloid drug found in some ephedras, causing constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages, and used to relieve asthma etc. 麻黄碱 [EPHEDRA + -INE4]

ephemera1 /iˈfem(ə)rə, -ˈfi:m-, e-/ n. (pl. ephemeras or ephemerae /-ri:/)  1  a  an insect living only a day or a few days 蜉蝣(生命短促的昆虫)b  any insect of the order Ephemeroptera, e.g. the mayfly 蜉蝣类昆虫 2  = EPHEMERON 1  [modern Latin from Greek ephēmeros ‘lasting only a day’ (as EPI-, hēmera ‘day’)]

ephemera2 pl.  of EPHEMERON  1 

ephemeral /iˈfem(ə)r(ə)l, -ˈfi:m-/ adj.  1  lasting or of use for only a short time; transitory 短命的；效用很短的；短暂的 2  lasting only a day 朝生暮死的，只存活一日的；使用一天的 3 (of an insect, flower, etc.) lasting a day or a few days (花、昆虫等)只能生存一日或数日的 □ ephemerality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ ephemerally  adv.  □ ephemeralness  n.   [Greek ephēmeros: see EPHEMERA1]

ephemeris /iˈfem(ə)ris, -ˈfi:m-/ n. (pl. ephemerides /efiˈmeridi:z/) Astron. 【天】  1  a table of the predicted positions of a celestial body 星历表，天体位置表 2  a book of such tables, an almanac 带星历表的历书 [Latin from Greek ephēmeris ‘diary’ (as EPHEMERAL)]

ephemerist /iˈfem(ə)rist, -ˈfi:m-, e-/ n.  a collector of ephemera 收集易逝物的人

ephemeris time n.  time on a scale defined by the orbital period rather than the axial rotation of the earth 星历时，历书时

ephemeron /iˈfem(ə)rɒn, -ˈfi:m-/ n.  1 (pl. ephemera /-rə/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a thing (esp. a printed item) of short-lived interest or usefulness (尤指)很快就过时的印刷品，很快就无用的事物b  a short-lived thing 短命物，易逝物 2 (pl. ephemerons)  = EPHEMERA1 1  [as EPHEMERA1]

ephod /ˈi:fɒd, ˈefɒd/ n.  a Jewish priestly vestment 以弗得(犹太教大祭司穿的法衣) [Middle English from Hebrew 'ēpôd]

ephor /ˈefɔ:/ n. Gk Hist.  each of five senior magistrates in ancient Sparta [希]【史】掌政官(古斯巴达 5 位最高级政务官之一) □ ephorate  n.   [Greek ephoros ‘overseer’ (as EPI-, horaō ‘see’)]

epi- /ˈepi/ prefix (usu. ep- before a vowel or h 通常在元音或 h 音前作 ep-)  1  upon (epicycle 本轮) 在…之上 2  above (epicotyl 上胚轴) 在…之上方 3  in addition (epiphenomenon 附带现象) 附加 [Greek epi (prep.)]

epiblast /ˈepiblæst/ n. Biol.  the outermost layer of a gastrula etc.; the ectoderm 【生】外胚层 [EPI- + -BLAST]

epic /ˈepik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a long poem narrating the adventures or deeds of one or more heroic or legendary figures, e.g. the Iliad, Paradise Lost (有关英雄或传奇人物的)史诗，叙事诗(如荷马的《伊利亚德》，弥尔顿的《失乐园》等) 2  an imaginative work of any form, embodying a nation's conception of its past history (一国的)古代传说 3  a book or film based on an epic narrative or heroic in type or scale 按史诗内容而制作的电影；按史诗撰写的书籍；史诗般的小说或影片 4  a subject fit for recital in an epic 适合撰写史诗、叙事诗的题材 ●adj.  1  of or like an epic 史诗(般)的 2  grand, heroic 伟大的，宏伟的，英雄的 □ epical  adj.  □ epically  adv.   [Latin epicus from Greek epikos, from epos ‘word, song’]

epicarp /ˈepikɑ:p/ n. Bot.  the outermost layer of the pericarp 【植】外果皮 [EPI- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

epicedium /epiˈsi:diəm/ n. (pl. epicedia /-diə/)  a funeral ode 哀歌，挽歌 □ epicedian  adj.   [Latin from Greek epikēdeion (as EPI-, kēdos ‘care’)]

epicene /ˈepisi:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Gram.  denoting either sex without change of gender 【语法】通性的，两性通用的 2  of, for, or used by both sexes 两性的，不分性别的，通性的 3  having characteristics of both sexes 阴阳共存的，同时有两性特征的 4  having no characteristics of either sex 无性的，无性别特征的 5  effete, effeminate 衰老的，柔弱的 ●n.  an epicene person 阴阳人，兼具两性特征的人 [Middle English via Late Latin epicoenus from Greek epikoinos (as EPI-, koinos ‘common’)]

epicentre /ˈepisentə/ n. (US [美] epicenter)  1 Geol.  the point at which an earthquake reaches the earth's surface 【地质】震中，地震中心，震源 2  the central point of a difficulty 问题的核心，难点 □ epicentral  /-ˈsentr(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek epikentros (adj.) (as EPI-, CENTRE)]

epicontinental /ˌepikɒntiˈnent(ə)l/ adj. (of the sea) over the continental shelf (指海洋)陆缘的

epicotyl /epiˈkɒtil/ n. Bot.  the region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon(s) 【植】上胚轴

epicure /ˈepikjʊə/ n.  a person with refined tastes, esp. in food and drink (尤指在饮食方面)讲究的人，美食家 □ epicurism  n.   [medieval Latin epicurus ‘one preferring sensual enjoyment’: see EPICUREAN]

Epicurean /ˌepikjʊ(ə)ˈri:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (d. 270 BC), who taught that the highest good is personal happiness 伊壁鸠鲁的门徒，信奉伊壁鸠鲁享乐主义哲学的人 2 (作 epicurean)  a person devoted to (esp. sensual) enjoyment 享乐主义者 ●adj.  1  of or concerning Epicurus or his ideas 享乐主义的，伊壁鸠鲁的 2 (作 epicurean)  characteristic of an epicurean 享乐主义者的 □ Epicureanism  n.   [French épicurien or Latin epicureus from Greek epikoureios, from Epikouros ‘Epicurus’]

epicycle /ˈepisaik(ə)l/ n.  1 Geom.  a small circle whose centre moves round the circumference of a larger one 【几】周转圆(圆心沿大圆圆周移动的圆) 2 hist.  any such circle used to describe planetary orbits in the Ptolemaic system [史义]本轮(托勒密天动学说中用来描述行星轨道的圆) □ epicyclic  /-ˈsaiklik, -ˈsiklik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French or Late Latin epicyclus from Greek epikuklos (as EPI-, kuklos ‘circle’)]

epicycloid /epiˈsaiklɔid/ n. Math.  a curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling on the exterior of another circle 【数】外摆线 □ epicycloidal  /-ˈklɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

epideictic /epiˈdaiktik/ adj.  meant for effect or display, esp. in speaking 炫耀的，表现的(尤指在讲话中) [Greek epideiktikos (as EPI-, deiknumi ‘show’)]

epidemic /epiˈdemik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a widespread occurrence of a disease in a community at a particular time 疾病传播，疾病流行 2  such a disease 流行病，时疫，瘟疫 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a wide prevalence of something usu. undesirable 广泛流传的事物，盛行的事物(通常为不好的) ●adj.  in the nature of an epidemic (cf. 参见 ENDEMIC) 流行(病)的 □ epidemically  adv.   [French épidémique from épidémie, via Late Latin epidemia from Greek epidēmia ‘prevalence of disease’, from epidēmios (adj.) (as EPI-, dēmos ‘the people’)]

epidemiology /ˌepidi:miˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases and of other factors relating to health 流行病学 □ epidemiological  /-miəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epidemiologist  n.  

epidermis /epiˈdɜ:mis/ n.  1  the outer cellular layer of the skin 表皮，上皮 2 Bot.  the outer layer of cells of leaves, stems, roots, etc. 【植】(叶、茎、根等的)表皮 □ epidermal  adj.  □ epidermic  adj.  □ epidermoid  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek, formed as EPI- + derma ‘skin’]

epidiascope /epiˈdaiəskəʊp/ n.  an optical projector capable of giving images of both opaque and transparent objects 透反射两用幻灯机，实物幻灯机 [EPI- + DIA- + -SCOPE]

epididymis /epiˈdidimis/ n. (pl. epididymides /-diˈdimidi:z/) Anat.  a convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens 【解】附睾，副睾 [Greek epididumis (as EPI-, didumoi ‘testicles’)]

epidural /epiˈdjʊər(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Anat.  on or around the dura mater 【解】硬脑(脊)膜外的 2 (of an anaesthetic) introduced into the space around the dura mater of the spinal cord (指麻醉)由硬脊膜外导入的 ●n.  an epidural anaesthetic, used esp. in childbirth to produce loss of sensation below the waist 硬膜外麻醉，(尤指)在妇女生产时对腰以下实施的麻醉 [EPI- + DURA MATER]

epifauna /ˈepifɔ:nə/ n. Zool.  the animal life which lives on the surface of the seabed, a river bed, etc., or attached to submerged objects or to aquatic animals or plants (cf. 参见 INFAUNA) 【动】底上动物(生活在海底，河底或附着在半水下物体或海洋动植物身上的生物) □ epifaunal  adj.   [Danish (as EPI-, FAUNA)]

epigastrium /epiˈɡæstriəm/ n. (pl. epigastria /-riə/) Anat.  the part of the abdomen immediately over the stomach 【解】上腹部 □ epigastric  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek epigastrion (neut. adj.) (as EPI-, gastēr ‘belly’)]

epigeal /epiˈdʒi:əl/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  having one or more cotyledons above the ground 贴地生长的 2  growing above the ground 地上生长的 [Greek epigeios (as EPI-, gē ‘earth’)]

epigene /ˈepidʒi:n/ adj. Geol.  produced on the surface of the earth 【地质】外成的，表成的，在地表形成的 [French épigène from Greek epigenēs (as EPI-, genēs ‘born’)]

epigenesis /epiˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the theory (now generally held) that the embryo develops from an undifferentiated egg cell 【生】后生说，渐成说(认为生物胚胎在发育初期没有多大区别，生物差异是在发育中逐渐显现的) [EPI- + GENESIS]

epigenetic /ˌepidʒiˈnetik/ adj.  1 Biol. 【生】  a  relating to epigenesis 渐成说的，后生说的b  due to external not genetic influences 由外部影响引起的，非基因影响引起的 2 Geol.  formed later than the surrounding rock 【地质】外成的，后成的

epiglottis /epiˈɡlɒtis/ n. Anat.  a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the windpipe 【解】会厌 □ epiglottal  adj.  □ epiglottic  adj.   [Greek epiglōttis (as EPI-, glōtta ‘tongue’)]

epigone /ˈepiɡəʊn/ n. (pl. epigones or epigoni /iˈpiɡənai, e-/)  a member of a later (and less distinguished) generation 后继者，追随者 [pl. from French épigones via Latin epigoni from Greek epigonoi ‘those born afterwards’ (as EPI-, root of gignomai ‘be born’)]

epigram /ˈepiɡræm/ n.  1  a short witty poem 诙谐短诗，讽刺短诗 2  a  a saying or maxim, esp. a proverbial one 格言，警句，(尤指)谚语式短句b  a pointed remark or expression, esp. a witty one 刺人的话语，(尤指)讽刺性的诙谐话语 3  the use of concise witty remarks 使用精辟机敏的话语 □ epigrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ epigrammatically  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  □ epigrammatist  /-ˈɡræmətist/ n.  □ epigrammatize  /-ˈɡræmətaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French épigramme or Latin epigramma from Greek epigramma -atos (as EPI-, -GRAM)]

epigraph /ˈepiɡrɑ:f/ n.  an inscription on a statue or coin, at the head of a chapter, etc. 铭文，碑文；题词；引文 [Greek epigraphē from epigraphō (as EPI-, graphō ‘write’)]

epigraphy /iˈpiɡrəfi, e-/ n.  the study of (esp. ancient) inscriptions 铭文学，碑文学(尤指对古铭文、古碑文的研究) □ epigraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ epigraphical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epigraphically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ epigraphist  n.  

epilate /ˈepileit/ v. tr. Med.  remove hair by the roots from 【医】脱毛，拔毛，把毛连根除掉 □ epilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French épiler (as EX-1, Latin pilus ‘hair’) cf. DEPILATE]

epilepsy /ˈepilepsi/ n.  a neurological disorder marked by episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions 癫痫(症) [French épilepsie or Late Latin epilepsia from Greek epilēpsia, from epilambanō ‘attack’ (as EPI-, lambanō ‘take’)]

epileptic /epiˈleptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to epilepsy 癫痫(症)的，癫痫性的 ●n.  a person with epilepsy 癫痫病人，癫痫患者 [French épileptique via Late Latin epilepticus from Greek epilēptikos (as EPILEPSY)]

epilimnion /epiˈlimniən/ n. (pl. epilimnia /-niə/)  the upper layer of water in a stratified lake (分层湖泊的)表水层 [EPI- + Greek limnion, diminutive of limnē ‘lake’]

epilogist /iˈpilədʒist, e-/ n.  the writer or speaker of an epilogue 跋(或后记)的作者；收场白的演讲者

epilogue /ˈepilɒɡ/ n. (also US [亦美] epilog)  1  a  the concluding part of a literary work (文学作品的)跋，结束语；后记b  an appendix 附录 2  a speech or short poem addressed to the audience by an actor at the end of a play 剧尾的收场白 3 Brit.  a short piece at the end of a day's broadcasting (cf. 参见 PROLOGUE n. 1a) [英] (一天广播结束时播放的)结束语，结尾部分，尾声 [Middle English via French épilogue and Latin epilogus from Greek epilogos (as EPI-, logos ‘speech’)]

epimer /ˈepimə/ n. Chem.  either of two isomers with different configurations of atoms about one of several asymmetric carbon atoms present 【化】差向异构体 □ epimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ epimerism  /iˈpim-, e-/ n.   [German (as EPI-, -MER)]

epimerize /iˈpiməraiz, e-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  convert from one epimeric form into the other 【化】(差向异构体的)转化

epinasty /ˈepinæsti/ n. Bot.  a tendency in plant organs to grow more rapidly on the upper side 【植】(生长中的)偏上性，向上性 [EPI- + Greek nastos ‘pressed’]

epinephrine /epiˈnefrin, -ri:n/ n. Biochem. 【生化】  = ADRENALIN  [Greek epi ‘upon’ + nephros ‘kidney’]

epiphany /iˈpif(ə)ni, e-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (作 Epiphany)  a  the manifestation of Christ to the Magi according to the biblical account (圣经中传说的)耶稣在东方三博士之前的显现b  the festival commemorating this on 6 January 显现节，主显节(每年 1 月 6 日) 2  any manifestation of a god or demigod (神或半神的)显现，显灵 □ epiphanic  /epiˈfænik/ adj.   [Middle English from Greek epiphaneia ‘manifestation’, from epiphainō ‘reveal’ (as EPI-, phainō ‘show’): sense 1 via Old French epiphanie and ecclesiastical Latin epiphania]

epiphenomenon /ˌepifəˈnɒminən/ n. (pl. epiphenomena /-nə/) a secondary effect or by-product which arises from but does not causally influence a process, esp. 副现象，副产物，(尤指):  1 Med.  a secondary symptom, occurring simultaneously with a disease etc. but not directly related to it 【医】副现象，伴随症候(与原疾病无直接关系) 2  consciousness regarded as a by-product of brain activity (大脑活动的)副现象 □ epiphenomenal  adj.  

epiphysis /iˈpifisis, e-/ n. (pl. epiphyses /-si:z/) Anat. 【解】  1  the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft 骺(长骨的端部) 2  = PINEAL BODY  [modern Latin from Greek epiphusis (as EPI-, phusis ‘growth’)]

epiphyte /ˈepifait/ n.  a plant growing on another but not parasitic, e.g. a moss on a tree trunk 附生植物(如生长在树上的苔藓) □ epiphytal  /-ˈfait(ə)l/ adj.  □ epiphytic  /epiˈfitik/ adj.   [EPI- + Greek phuton ‘plant’]

episcopacy /iˈpiskəpəsi, e-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  government of a Church by bishops 主教制度，主教统辖 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the bishops 主教

episcopal /iˈpiskəp(ə)l, e-/ adj.  1  of a bishop or bishops 主教(制)的 2 (of a Church) constituted on the principle of government by bishops (教会)由主教制产生的，由主教制组成的 □ episcopalism  n.  □ episcopally  adv.   [Middle English from French épiscopal or ecclesiastical Latin episcopalis, from episcopus BISHOP]

Episcopal Church n.  the Anglican Church in Scotland and the US, with elected bishops (苏格兰和美国的)圣公会(由选举的主教执掌)

episcopalian /iˌpiskəˈpeiliən, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or advocating government of a Church by bishops 圣公会的 2  of or belonging to an episcopal Church or (作 Episcopalian) the Episcopal Church 属主教制教会的，属圣公会的 ●n.  1  an adherent of episcopacy 主教制信仰者，主教制信徒 2 (作 Episcopalian)  a member of the Episcopal Church 圣公会教徒 □ episcopalianism  n.  

episcopate /iˈpiskəpət, e-/ n.  1  the office or tenure of a bishop 主教之职位(或任期) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the bishops collectively (统称)主教 [ecclesiastical Latin episcopatus from episcopus BISHOP]

episcope /ˈepiskəʊp/ n.  an optical projector giving images of opaque objects 反射幻灯机

episematic /ˌepisiˈmætik/ adj. Zool. (of coloration, markings, etc.) serving to help recognition by animals of the same species 【动】(颜色、花纹等)帮助同种动物互相辨识的，辨认的 [EPI- + Greek sēma sēmatos ‘sign’]

episiotomy /iˌpisiˈɒtəmi, e-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth, to aid delivery (助产)阴道侧切术，会阴切开术 [Greek epision ‘pubic region’]

episode /ˈepisəʊd/ n.  1  one event or a group of events as part of a sequence (一个系列中的)一段情节；一个(或一组)事件 2  each of the parts of a serial story or broadcast (系列故事或广播中的)段；章；节 3  an incident or set of incidents in a narrative (故事中的)事件(或一系列事件) 4  an incident that is distinct but contributes to a whole 突出的事情；影响全局的事  a romantic episode in her life  她生活中的一段浪漫情节 5 Mus.  a passage containing distinct material or introducing a new subject 【音】插曲，插句 6  the part between two choric songs in Greek tragedy (希腊悲剧中)两段合唱之间的部分 [Greek epeisodion (as EPI- + eisodos ‘entry’, from eis ‘into’ + hodos ‘way’)]

episodic /epiˈsɒdik/ adj. (also 亦作 episodical /-ˈsɒdik(ə)l/)  1  occurring as separate episodes 插曲式的，分成片断的 2  sporadic; occurring at irregular intervals 零星的，片断的；偶发的 □ episodically  adv.  

epistaxis /epiˈstæksis/ n. Med.  bleeding from the nose 【医】鼻衄，鼻出血 [modern Latin from Greek (as EPI-, stazō ‘drip’)]

epistemic /epiˈsti:mik, -ˈstem-/ adj. Philos.  relating to knowledge or to the degree of its validation 【哲】认知的 □ epistemically  adv.   [Greek epistēmē ‘knowledge’]

epistemology /iˌpistiˈmɒlədʒi, e-/ n.  the theory of knowledge, esp. with regard to its methods and validation 认知论，认识论(尤指有关其方法和准确性) □ epistemological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epistemologically  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ epistemologist  n.  

epistle /iˈpis(ə)l/ n.  1 formal or joc.  a letter, esp. a long one on a serious subject [正式] [诙]信件，长信(尤指有关严肃话题的) 2 (also 亦作 Epistle)  a  any of the letters of the Apostles in the New Testament (新约中)使徒写的信b  an extract from an Epistle read in a church service (教堂做弥撒等仪式时念诵的)使徒信件节录 3  a poem or other literary work in the form of a letter or series of letters (以信件形式写的)诗和其他文学作品 [Middle English via Old French and Latin epistola from Greek epistolē, from epistellō ‘send news’ (as EPI-, stellō ‘send’)]

epistolary /iˈpist(ə)l(ə)ri/ adj.  1  in the style or form of a letter or letters 书信(体)的，书信风格的，信件形式的 2  of, carried by, or suited to letters 信件的，用书信形式表达的，适合于书信的 [French épistolaire or Latin epistolaris (as EPISTLE)]

epistrophe /iˈpistrəfi, e-/ n.  the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses (在连续子句中)尾词重复 [Greek (as EPI-, strophē ‘turning’)]

epistyle /ˈepistail/ n. Archit. 【建】  = ARCHITRAVE  [French épistyle or Latin epistylium from Greek epistulion (as EPI-, stulos ‘pillar’)]

epitaph /ˈepitɑ:f, -tæf/ n.  words written in memory of a person who has died, esp. as a tomb inscription 纪念死者的短篇诗文 , (尤指)墓志铭 [Middle English via Old French epitaphe and Latin epitaphium from Greek epitaphion ‘funeral oration’ (as EPI-, taphos ‘tomb’)]

epitaxy /ˈepitæksi/ n. Crystallog.  the growth of crystals on a crystalline substrate that determines their orientation 【晶】(晶体)取向附生，外延附生 □ epitaxial  /-ˈtæksiəl/ adj.   [French épitaxie (as EPI-, Greek taxis ‘arrangement’)]

epithalamium /ˌepiθəˈleimiəm/ n. (pl. epithalamiums or epithalamia /-miə/)  a song or poem celebrating a marriage (婚礼)喜歌，颂诗 □ epithalamial  adj.  □ epithalamic  /-ˈlæmik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek epith alamion (as EPI-, thalamos ‘bridal chamber’)]

epithelium /epiˈθi:liəm/ n. (pl. epitheliums or epithelia /-liə/) Anat.  the tissue forming the outer layer of the body surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures 【解】上皮组织 □ epithelial  adj.   [modern Latin, from EPI- + Greek thēlē ‘teat’]

epithet /ˈepiθet/ n.  1  an adjective or other descriptive word expressing a quality or attribute, esp. used with or as a name (表述事物特征、性质的)表征词，称谓 2  such a word as a term of abuse 外号，浑名，绰号；侮辱性称谓 □ epithetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  □ epithetical  /-ˈθetik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epithetically  /-ˈθetik(ə)li/ adv.   [French épithète or Latin epitheton from Greek epitheton, from epitithēmi ‘add’ (as EPI-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

epitome /iˈpitəmi, e-/ n.  1  a person or thing embodying a quality, class, etc. 代表，典型；象征 2  a thing representing another in miniature 缩影 3  a summary of a written work; an abstract 摘要 □ epitomist  n.   [Latin from Greek epitomē, from epitemnō ‘abridge’ (as EPI-, temnō ‘cut’)]

epitomize /iˈpitəmaiz, e-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  be a perfect example of (a quality etc.); typify 为…的代表，为…的典型 2  make an epitome of (a work) 对(作品)进行缩写，摘要 □ epitomization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

epizoon /epiˈzəʊɒn/ n. (pl. epizoa /-ˈzəʊə/)  an animal living on another animal 体表寄生虫 [modern Latin (as EPI-, Greek zōion ‘animal’)]

epizootic /ˌepizəʊˈɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a disease) temporarily prevalent and widespread in an animal population (cf. 参见 ENZOOTIC) (指疾病)流行于畜群中的，家畜流行病的 ●n.  an outbreak of such a disease 畜疫爆发，家畜流行病的爆发 [French épizootique from épizootie (as EPIZOON)]

EPNS abbr.  electroplated nickel silver [缩略]电镀镍银

epoch /ˈi:pɒk/ n.  1  a period of history or of a person's life marked by notable events (有突出事件的)重要时期 2  the beginning of an era 新时代，新时期，新纪元 3 Geol.  a division of a period, corresponding to a set of strata 【地质】世 □ epochal  /ˈepɒk(ə)l, i:ˈpɒk-/ adj.   [modern Latin epocha from Greek epokhē ‘stoppage, fixed point of time’]

epoch-making adj.  remarkable, historic; of major importance 划时代的；有历史性意义的

epode /ˈepəʊd/ n.  1  a form of lyric poem written in couplets each of a long line followed by a shorter one 长短句相间的抒情诗体 2  the third section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it 古希腊抒情颂歌或其一章的第三节 [French épode or Latin epodos from Greek epōidos (as EPI-, ODE)]

eponym /ˈepənim/ n.  1  a person (real or imaginary) after whom a discovery, invention, place, institution, etc., is named or thought to be named 名祖(其名字用来为发现、发明、地名等冠名的人) 2  the name given (用来冠名的)人名 □ eponymous  /iˈpɒniməs, e-/ adj.   [Greek epōnumos (as EPI-, -ōnumos from onoma ‘name’)]

EPOS /ˈi:pɒs/ abbr.  electronic point-of-sale (of retail outlets recording information electronically) [缩略]电子售货终端设备(零售商店售货用的电子设备，如计价器、激光条码扫描仪等)

epoxide /iˈpɒksaid/ n. Chem.  a compound containing an oxygen atom bonded in a triangular arrangement to two carbon atoms 【化】环氧化合物 [EPI- + OXIDE]

epoxy /iˈpɒksi, e-/ adj. Chem.  relating to or derived from an epoxide 【化】环氧的，环氧化合物衍生的 [EPI- + OXY-2]

epoxy resin n.  a synthetic thermosetting resin containing epoxy groups 环氧树脂

EPROM /ˈi:prɒm/ n. Computing  a read-only memory whose contents can be erased and replaced by a special process 【计算】(电擦除)可编程只读存储器 [erasable programmable ROM]

eps abbr.  earnings per share [缩略]每股收益，每股所得

epsilon /ˈepsilɒn, epˈsailɒn/ n.  the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet (E, ε) 希腊字母表上的第 5 个字母 [Middle English from Greek, = bare or simple E, from psilos ‘bare’]

Epsom salts /ˈepsəm/ n. pl.  a preparation of magnesium sulphate used as a purgative etc. 泻(利)盐，(作泻药用的)含水硫酸镁 [Epsom, a town in Surrey, where it was first found occurring naturally]

EPSRC abbr. (in the UK) Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [缩略] (英国)工程与物理研究会

Epstein-Barr virus /epstainˈbɑ:/ n.  a herpes virus causing glandular fever and associated with certain cancers, e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma EB 病毒，爱(泼斯坦)- 巴(尔)病毒(一种疱疹病毒，可引起腺体感染、发烧，与某些癌症，如淋巴瘤等有联系) [named after M.A. Epstein, British virologist b. 1921, and Y.M. Barr, Irish-born virologist b. 1932]

epyllion /iˈpiliən, e-/ n. (pl. epyllia /-liə/)  a miniature epic poem 小型史诗 [Greek epullion, diminutive of epos ‘word, song’]

equable /ˈekwəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  even; not varying 平稳的；较少变化的 2  uniform and moderate 稳定的；变化小的；平和的  an equable climate  稳定的气候 3 (of a person) not easily disturbed or angered (指人)温和的，不易受打扰的，较少生气的 □ equability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ equably  adv.   [Latin aequabilis (as EQUATE)]

equal /ˈi:kw(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  the same in quantity, quality, size, degree, rank, level, etc. (数量、质量、大小、程度、等级、水平等)相等的，同样的 2  evenly balanced 平衡的，均衡的；公平的  an equal contest  公平竞赛 3  having the same rights or status 平权的，地位平等的  human beings are essentially equal  人类在本质上是平等的 4  uniform in application or effect. (应用或效果)相同的，相当的；一致的，统一的 ●n.  a person or thing equal to another, esp. in rank, status, or characteristic quality 相匹敌的人(或物) (尤指在职位、身份、品质、特点等方面)  their treatment of the subject has no equal  他们对事情的处理堪称无人可比 is the equal of any man  可以和任何人匹敌 ●v. tr. (equalled, equalling; US [美] equaled, equaling)  1  be equal to in number, quality, etc. (数量或质量等方面)相等 2  achieve something that is equal to (an achievement) or to the achievement of (a person) (获得)等于或相当于(他人的成就) □ be equal to   have the ability or resources for 胜任；可应付 [Middle English from Latin aequalis, from aequus ‘even’]

equalitarian /iˌkwɒliˈtɛəriən, i:-/ n.  = EGALITARIAN  □ equalitarianism  n.   [EQUALITY, on the pattern of humanitarian etc.]

equality /iˈkwɒliti, i:-/ n.  the state of being equal 平等，相当，平等权 [Middle English via Old French equalité from Latin aequalitas -tatis (as EQUAL)]

equalize /ˈi:kwəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become equal 使平等，使均等 2 intr.  level the score in a match by scoring a goal etc. (比赛)扳平 □ equalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

equalizer /ˈi:kwəlaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  1  an equalizing score or goal etc. in a game (比赛)打平的一分(或进球) 2 slang  a weapon, esp. a gun [俚语]武器，(尤指)枪 3 Electr.  a connection in a system which compensates for any undesirable frequency or phase response with the system 【电】均压线，均衡器

equally /ˈi:kw(ə)li/ adv.  1  in an equal manner 平等地，均等地  treated them all equally  完全平等地对待他们 2  to an equal degree 同样地，相同地  is equally important  同样重要■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, construction with as (e.g. equally as important) is often found, but is considered incorrect by some people. 用于释义 2 时，常见后跟 as 的用法(如 equally as important 同样重要)，但有人认为这样的用法不正确。 

equal opportunity n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  the opportunity or right to be employed, paid, etc., without discrimination on grounds of sex, race, etc. (就业、分配等方面的)平等机会，平等机遇(没有种族、性别等歧视的) often 常作 attrib.: equal opportunity (or opportunities) employer  对雇员无歧视的雇主

equal sign n. (also 亦作 equals sign)  the symbol = 等号 (=)

equal temperament  see 见 TEMPERAMENT 3 

equanimity /ekwəˈnimiti, i:-/ n.  mental composure, evenness of temper, esp. in misfortune 镇定，沉着(尤指在遭遇不幸时) □ equanimous  /iˈkwæniməs, i:-/ adj.   [Latin aequanimitas from aequanimis, from aequus ‘even’ + animus ‘mind’]

equate /iˈkweit/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with)  regard as equal or equivalent 视为平等，视为相等 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  be equal or equivalent to 与…平等，与…相等b  agree or correspond 符合，相当于 □ equatable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin aequare aequat-, from aequus ‘equal’]

equation /iˈkweiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of equating or making equal; the state of being equal (使)平等，相等，等同 2 Math.  a statement that two mathematical expressions are equal (indicated by the sign =) 【数】(由“ = ”表示的)等式 3 Chem.  a formula representing a chemical reaction expressed in terms of the molecules etc. taking part. 【化】化学方程式，化学反应式 □ equation of the first order, second order, etc.   an equation involving only the first derivative, second derivative, etc. 只含第一衍生物，第二衍生物的方程式□ equational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French equation or Latin aequatio (as EQUATE)]

equator /iˈkweitə/ n.  1  an imaginary line around the earth or other body, equidistant from the poles 赤道 2 Astron. 【天】  = CELESTIAL EQUATOR  [Middle English from Old French equateur or medieval Latin aequator (as EQUATION)]

equatorial /ekwəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  of or near the equator 赤道的，近赤道的 □ equatorially  adv.  

Equatorial Guinea   赤道几内亚

Equatorial Guinean /ˌekwəˈtɔ:riəlˈginiən/ adj. & n.  赤道几内亚的(人)

equatorial mount n. (also 亦作 equatorial mounting) Astron.  a mount for an astronomical telescope that rotates about two perpendicular axes aligned with the celestial poles 【天】安放赤道仪的支架

equatorial telescope n.  an astronomical telescope on an equatorial mount 赤道仪

equerry /iˈkweri, ˈekwəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an officer of the British royal household attending members of the royal family (照看皇室家务的)侍卫官 2 hist.  an officer of a prince's or noble's household having charge over the horses [史义] (皇室的)掌马官 [earlier esquiry via Old French esquierie ‘company of squires, prince's stables’, from Old French esquier ESQUIRE: perhaps associated with Latin equus ‘horse’]

equestrian /iˈkwestriən, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to horses and horse-riding 马的；骑马的 2  on horseback 马背上的 ●n. (fem. equestrienne /-triˈen/)  a rider or performer on horseback 骑手，骑师 □ equestrianism  n.   [Latin equestris from eques ‘horseman, knight’, from equus ‘horse’]

equi- /ˈi:kwi, e-/ comb. form  equal [构词成分]平等的 [Latin aequi- from aequus ‘equal’]

equiangular /i:kwiˈæŋɡjʊlə, e-/ adj.  having equal angles 等角的

equidistant /i:kwiˈdist(ə)nt, e-/ adj.  at equal distances 等距的 □ equidistantly  adv.  

equilateral /i:kwiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l, e-/ adj.  having all its sides equal in length 等边的

equilibrate /i:kwiˈlaibreit, iˈkwili-, i:-/ v.  1 tr.  cause (two things) to balance 使(两物)平衡 2 intr.  be in equilibrium; balance 处于平衡(状态)，使均衡 □ equilibration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ equilibrator  /iˈkwilibreitə, i:-/ n.   [Late Latin aequilibrare aequilibrat- (as EQUI-, libra ‘balance’)]

equilibrist /iˈkwilibrist, i:-; i:kwiˈlib-, e-/ n.  an acrobat, esp. on a high rope 杂技表演者(尤指高空走绳索者)

equilibrium /i:kwiˈlibriəm, e-/ n. (pl. equilibria /-riə/ or equilibriums)  1  a state of physical balance (身体)平衡 2  a state of mental or emotional equanimity (心情)平静，沉着 3  a state in which the energy in a system is evenly distributed and forces, influences, etc., balance each other (能量、力量、影响等)均衡 [Latin (as EQUI-, libra ‘balance’)]

equine /ˈi:kwain, ˈek-/ adj.  of or like a horse 像马的，马的 [Latin equinus from equus ‘horse’]

equinoctial /i:kwiˈnɒkʃ(ə)l, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  happening at or near the time of an equinox 二分点的(春分的，秋分的)  equinoctial gales  春分、秋分时常发生的风暴；二分点风暴 2  of or relating to equal day and night 昼夜平分的 3  at or near the (terrestrial) equator 在(地球)赤道上的；靠近(地球)赤道的 ●n. (in full 全称 equinoctial line)  = CELESTIAL EQUATOR  [Middle English from Old French equinoctial or Latin aequinoctialis (as EQUINOX)]

equinoctial point n.  the point at which the ecliptic cuts the celestial equator (twice each year at an equinox) 二分点(春分点，秋分点)

equinoctial year  see 见 YEAR 1 

equinox /ˈi:kwinɒks, e-/ n.  1  the time or date (twice each year) at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length (about 22 Sept. and 20 Mar.) 二分点(指春分和秋分，此时昼夜时间长短一样，大约是 3 月 20 日和 9 月 22 日左右) 2  = EQUINOCTIAL POINT  [Middle English from Old French equinoxe or medieval Latin equinoxium for Latin aequinoctium (as EQUI-, nox noctis ‘night’)]

equip /iˈkwip/ v. tr. (equipped, equipping)  supply with what is needed 装备，配备 □ equipper  n.   [French équiper, probably from Old Norse skipa ‘to man (a ship)’, from skip SHIP]

equipage /ˈekwipidʒ/ n.  1  a  requisites for an undertaking 必备品，必需品b  an outfit for a special purpose 专用装备，专门用具 2  a carriage and horses with attendants 装备齐全的马车，配备车夫的马车 [French équipage (as EQUIP)]

equipment /iˈkwipm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the necessary articles, clothing, etc., for a purpose 设备，设施，用具 2  the process of equipping or being equipped 装备…，配备… [French équipement (as EQUIP)]

equipoise /ˈekwipɔiz, i:-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  equilibrium; a balanced state 平衡，平衡状态 2  a counterbalancing thing 平衡物，平衡体 ●v. tr.  counterbalance 使平衡，使均衡

equipollent /i:kwiˈpɒl(ə)nt, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  equal in power, force, etc. 权力(或力量等)均衡的，势均力敌的，力量相当的 2  practically equivalent (实际上)相当的 ●n.  an equipollent thing 相当物，等同的事物 □ equipollence  n.  □ equipollency  n.   [Middle English via Old French equipolent from Latin aequipollens -entis ‘of equal value’ (as EQUI-, pollēre ‘be strong’)]

equipotential /ˌi:kwipəˈtenʃ(ə)l, ˌe-/ adj. & n. Physics 【物理学】  ●adj. (of a surface or line) having the potential of a force the same or constant at all its points (平面或线)等势的，等位的 ●n.  an equipotential line or surface 等位线，等位面

equiprobable /i:kwiˈprɒbəb(ə)l, e-/ adj. Logic  equally probable 【逻辑学】等或然性的 □ equiprobability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

equisetum /ekwiˈsi:təm/ n. (pl. equiseta /-tə/, -tums)  a horsetail (plant) 木贼；木贼属植物 [modern Latin, from Latin equus ‘horse’ + saeta ‘bristle’]

equitable /ˈekwitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  fair, just 公平的，公正的 2 Law  valid in equity as distinct from law 【法律】衡平法的，法律认定等效的 □ equitableness  n.  □ equitably  adv.   [French équitable (as EQUITY)]

equitation /ekwiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the art and practice of horsemanship and horse-riding 骑术，马术 [French équitation or Latin equitatio, from equitare ‘ride a horse’ via eques equitis ‘horseman’ from equus ‘horse’]

equity /ˈekwiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  fairness 公平，平等 2  the application of general principles of justice to correct or supplement the law (框正或补充法律的)衡平法 3  a  the value of the shares issued by a company (某公司发行的)股票值b (in pl. 用复数)  stocks and shares not bearing fixed interest 浮动利率股票 4  the net value of a mortgaged property after the deduction of charges 扣除一切费用后抵押资产的净值 5 (作 Equity) (in the UK) the actors' trade union (英国)演员协会 [Middle English via Old French equité from Latin aequitas -tatis, from aequus ‘fair’]

equivalent /iˈkwiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  equal in value, amount, importance, etc. (价值、数量、重要性等)相同的 2  corresponding 相当的，对等的 3 (of words) having the same meaning (指词语)词义相当的，等义的 4  having the same result 等效的，(结果)相同的 5 Chem. (of a substance) equal in combining or displacing capacity 【化】(指物质)当量的 ●n.  1  an equivalent thing, amount, word, etc. (事、数量、词语等的)相等；等量，等义 2 (in full 全称 equivalent weight) Chem.  the weight of a substance that can combine with or displace one gram of hydrogen or eight grams of oxygen 【化】当量 □ equivalence  n.  □ equivalency  n.  □ equivalently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin aequivalēre (as EQUI-, valēre ‘be worth’)]

equivocal /iˈkwivək(ə)l/ adj.  1  of double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous (含义)模糊不清的；有歧义的，模棱两可的 2  of uncertain nature (性质)不明确的，不确定的；不清楚的 3 (of a person, character, etc.) questionable, suspect (人、品性等)可疑的，令人生疑的 □ equivocality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ equivocally  adv.  □ equivocalness  n.   [Late Latin aequivocus (as EQUI-, vocare ‘call’)]

equivocate /iˈkwivəkeit/ v. intr.  use ambiguity to conceal the truth 用歧义掩盖真相 □ equivocation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ equivocator  n.  □ equivocatory  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin aequivocare (as EQUIVOCAL)]

equivoque /ˈi:kwivəʊk, ˈe-/ n. (also 亦作 equivoke)  1  a pun; wordplay 双关语，隐语 2  ambiguity 歧义 [Middle English, in the sense ‘equivocal’, from Old French equivoque or Late Latin aequivocus EQUIVOCAL]

ER abbr. [缩略]  1  Queen Elizabeth 伊丽莎白女王 2  King Edward 爱德华国王 [Latin Elizabetha Regina, Edwardus Rex]

Er symb. Chem.  the element erbium [符]【化】(化学元素)铒

er /ɜ:, ə/ int.  expressing hesitation or a pause in speech 哦(说话中表示犹豫或停顿) [imitative]

-er1 /ə/ suffix forming nouns from nouns, adjectives, and many verbs, denoting 构成名词、形容词、动词，表示 :  1  a person, animal, or thing that performs a specified action or activity (cobbler 补鞋匠 ; lover 爱人 ; executioner 刽子手 ; poker 拨火棍 ; computer 计算机 ; eye-opener 有启发性的东西) 人，动物，器具 2  a person or thing that has a specified attribute or form (foreigner 外国人 ; four-wheeler 四轮出租马车 ; second-rater 二流人物) 具有某种特点的人或物 3  a person concerned with a specified thing or subject (hatter 帽商 ; geographer 地理学者) 与…有关的人 4  a person belonging to a specified place or group (villager 村民 ; New Zealander 新西兰人 ; sixth-former 六年级学生) 属于…的人 [originally ‘a person who has to do with’: Old English -ere, from Germanic]

-er2 /ə/ suffix  forming the comparative of adjectives  wider  较宽阔的 hotter  较热的 and adverbs  faster  较快 构成形容词比较级；构成副词比较级 [Old English -ra (adj.), -or (adv.), from Germanic]

-er3 /ə/ suffix  used in slang formations usu. distorting the root word (rugger 橄榄球 ; soccer 英式足球) 构成某些俚语，通常改变词根 [probably an extension of -ER1]

-er4 /ə/ suffix  forming frequentative verbs (blunder 跌跌撞撞 ; glimmer 模模糊糊 ; twitter 喋喋不休) 构成重复动词 [Old English -erian, -rian, from Germanic]

-er5 /ə/ suffix  1  forming nouns and adjectives through Old French or Anglo-French, corresponding to 构成由古法语或盎格鲁法语词汇派生的名词和形容词，相当于 :a  Latin -aris  sampler  检样员 (cf. 参见 -AR1) (拉丁文) -arisb  Latin -arius, -arium  butler  (管酒类的)男仆 carpenter  木匠 danger  危险 (拉丁文) -arius, -ariumc  Latin -atura (through Old French -eüre) or Latin -atorium (through Old French -eör) (see 见 COUNTER1, FRITTER2) (拉丁文) -atura or -atorium 2  = -OR1 

-er6 /ə/ suffix esp. Law  forming nouns denoting verbal action or a document effecting this (cesser 中止 ; disclaimer 弃权 ; misnomer 名实不符) (尤)【法律】构成表示动作行为的名词或影响该动作行为发生的法律文件 [Anglo-French infinitive ending of verbs]

era /ˈiərə/ n.  1  a system of chronology reckoning from a noteworthy event (从某一重要事件开始计算的)年代，时期  the Christian era  基督纪元 2  a large distinct period of time, esp. regarded historically 时代(尤指不同的历史时期)  the pre-Roman era  前罗马时代 3  a date at which an era begins (标志新时代开始的)重要日子 4 Geol.  a major division of time 【地质】代 [Late Latin aera ‘number expressed in figures’ (pl. of aes aeris ‘money’, treated as fem. sing.)]

eradicate /iˈrædikeit/ v. tr.  root out; destroy completely; get rid of 根除，彻底除掉 □ eradicable  adj.  □ eradication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eradicator  n.   [Middle English from Latin eradicare ‘tear up by the roots’ (as E-, radix -icis ‘root’)]

erase /iˈreiz/ v. tr.  1  rub out; obliterate 擦去，擦掉，抹去 2  remove all traces of 抹净，擦净  erased it from my memory  把它从我的记忆中抹去 3  remove recorded material from (a magnetic tape or medium) (从磁带上)擦去存贮的信息 □ erasable  adj.  □ erasure  n.   [Latin eradere eras- (as E-, radere ‘scrape’)]

eraser /iˈreizə/ n.  a thing that erases, esp. a piece of rubber or plastic used for removing pencil and ink marks 擦子，板擦，(尤指擦去笔迹的)橡皮

Erastian /iˈræstiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who supports the doctrine that the state should have supremacy over the Church in ecclesiastical matters 支持埃拉都斯学说的人(认为国家权利应高于教会) ●adj.  of or relating to this doctrine 埃拉都斯学说的 □ Erastianism  n.   [Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583), to whom the doctrine was wrongly attributed, + -IAN]

erbium /ˈɜ:biəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in apatite and xenotine (symbol 符 Er) 【化】(化学元素)铒 [modern Latin, from Ytterby in Sweden, where it was first found]

ere /ɛə/ prep. & conj. poet. or archaic  before (of time) [诗] [古义] (时间)在…之前  ere noon  正午之前 ere they come  他们来之前 [Old English œˉr, from Germanic]

erect /iˈrekt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  upright, vertical 直立的，竖起的，垂直的 2 (of the penis, clitoris, or nipples) enlarged and rigid, esp. in sexual excitement (阴茎、阴蒂、乳头等)勃起的(尤指在性兴奋期) 3 (of hair) bristling, standing up from the skin (毛发)直立，坚立 ●v. tr.  1  raise; set upright 抬起；竖起，直立 2  build 建立，建造 3  establish 建立；设立  erect a theory  创立一种理论 □ erectable  adj.  □ erectly  adv.  □ erectness  n.  □ erector  n.   [Middle English from Latin erigere erect- ‘set up’ (as E-, regere ‘direct’)]

erectile /iˈrektail/ adj.  that can be erected or become erect 可竖起的，可直立的；能勃起的 [French érectile (as ERECT)]

erection /iˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of erecting; the state of being erected 竖立，直立；设立，建立 2  a building or structure 建筑物或构架 3  a Physiol.  an enlarged and erect state of erectile tissue, esp. of the penis 【生理】勃起的器官组织，(尤指)阴茎b  an occurrence of this (阴茎)勃起 [French érection or Latin erectio (as ERECTILE)]

E-region var.  of E-LAYER  E-LAYER 的变体

eremite /ˈerimait/ n.  a hermit or recluse (esp. Christian) 隐士，遁世修行的人(尤指基督徒) □ eremitic  /-ˈmitik/ adj.  □ eremitical  /-ˈmitik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French, variant of hermite, ermite HERMIT]

erethism /ˈeriθiz(ə)m/ n.  1  an excessive sensitivity to stimulation of any part of the body, esp. the sexual organs (对身体某部位尤其性器官的刺激)格外敏感，过度敏感 2  a state of abnormal mental excitement or irritation (不正常的)兴奋增盛；恼火 [French éréthisme from Greek erethismos, from erethizō ‘irritate’]

erg1 /ɜ:ɡ/ n. Physics  a unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne when its point of application moves one centimetre in the direction of action of the force 【物理学】尔格(功或能量单位) [Greek ergon ‘work’]

erg2 /ɜ:ɡ/ n. (pl. ergs or areg /ˈɑ:reɡ/)  an area of shifting sand dunes in the Sahara (撒哈拉大沙漠中有移动沙丘的)沙质沙漠 [French from Arabic irj]

ergative /ˈɜ:ɡətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n. (in some languages) a case of nouns that identifies the doer of an action as the object rather than the subject of a verb (某些语言中的)动者格，唯被动格 ●adj.  1  of or in this case 唯被动格的 2  denoting a language in which the object of a verb is typically the doer of an action and the subject is typically the recipient of the action 唯被动式语言的 [Greek ergates ‘worker’ + -IVE]

ergo /ˈɜ:ɡəʊ/ adv.  therefore 因此 [Latin]

ergocalciferol /ˌɜ:ɡə(ʊ)kælˈsifərɒl/ n.  = CALCIFEROL  [ERGOT + CALCIFEROL]

ergonomics /ɜ:ɡəˈnɒmiks/ n.  the study of the efficiency of persons in their working environment 工效学，人类工程学(研究如何使人在工作环境中发挥最大效益的学问) □ ergonomic  adj.  □ ergonomist  /ɜ:ˈɡɒnəmist/ n.   [Greek ergon ‘work’: cf. ECONOMICS]

ergosterol /ɜ:ˈɡɒstərɒl/ n. Biochem.  a plant sterol that is converted to vitamin D2 when irradiated with ultraviolet light 【生化】麦角甾醇，麦角固醇(一种植物甾醇，经紫外线照射后可转化为维生素 D2) [ERGOT, on the pattern of CHOLESTEROL]

ergot /ˈɜ:ɡɒt/ n.  1  a disease of rye and other cereals caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, the presence of which can cause food poisoning 麦角病(一种由麦角菌引起的谷类植物疾病，可造成食物中毒) 2  a  this fungus 麦角菌b  the dried spore-containing structures of this, used as a source of medicine to aid childbirth 麦角干孢子(用来生产催产用医用麦角的原料) 3  a small horny protuberance on the back of a horse's fetlock 距毛角质(马的球节部的一小块角质结节) [French from Old French argot ‘cock's spur’, from the appearance produced by the disease]

ergotism /ˈɜ:ɡətiz(ə)m/ n.  poisoning produced by eating food affected by ergot 麦角中毒

Eric /ˈerik/   埃里克 [人名]

Erica /ˈerikə/   埃里卡 [人名]

erica /ˈerikə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Erica, with small leathery leaves and bell-like flowers; a heath or heather 欧石南属灌木 [Latin from Greek ereikē ‘heath’]

ericaceous /eriˈkeiʃəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the plant family Ericaceae, which includes heathers, azaleas, and rhododendrons 杜鹃花科的(包括帚石南、映山红和杜鹃花)的 2 (of compost) suitable for ericaceous and other lime-hating plants (肥料)适合杜鹃科植物使用的 [modern Latin Ericaceae from ERICA]

Erie /ˈiəri/ n.  伊利湖(即 Lake Erie) [北美洲]

erigeron /iˈridʒərɒn, e-/ n.  any hardy herbaceous plant of the genus Erigeron (daisy family), with daisy-like flowers 飞蓬；飞蓬属植物 [Greek ērigerōn, from ēri ‘early’ + gerōn ‘old man’, because it flowers early in the year and some species bear grey down]

Erinys /eˈrinis/ n. (pl. Erinyes /eˈrinii:z/) Mythol.  a Fury 【神】复仇女神 [Greek]

eristic /eˈristik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characterized by disputation 争论的，好辩的 2 (of an argument or arguer) aiming at winning rather than at reaching the truth (争论或争论者)争胜(而非争理)的，不饶人的，诡辩的 ●n.  1  the practice of disputation 争论，驳斥 2  an exponent of disputation 争论者，辩论者，诡辩者 □ eristically  adv.   [Greek eristikos via erizō ‘wrangle’ from eris ‘strife’]

Eritrea   厄立特里亚

Eritrean /eriˈtreiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Eritrea in NE Africa 厄立特里亚的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Eritrea 厄立特里亚人 [Italian Eritrea, from Latin Mare Erythraeum ‘the Red Sea’]

erk /ɜ:k/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a naval rating 海军士兵 2  an aircraftman 飞行员，空军士兵 3  a disliked person 令人讨厌的人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

erl-king /ˈɜ:lkiŋ/ n. (in Germanic mythology) a bearded giant or goblin who lures little children to the land of death 恶尔精(日尔曼神话中引诱小孩到死亡之地的大胡子巨人或喜欢恶作剧的小妖精) [German Erlkönig ‘alder-king’, a mistranslation of Danish ellerkonge ‘king of the elves’]

ERM abbr.  exchange-rate mechanism [缩略]汇率机制

ermine /ˈɜ:min/ n. (pl. same or ermines)  1  the stoat, esp. when in its white winter fur 白鼬，鼬獾，(尤指)一身冬季白色皮毛的扫雪 2  its white fur, used as trimming for the robes of judges, peers, etc. 白鼬的皮毛(用作法官、贵族长袍的镶边) 3 Heraldry  a white fur marked with black spots 【纹章学】带黑色斑点的白色皮毛 □ ermined  adj.   [Middle English from Old French (h)ermine, probably from medieval Latin (mus) Armenius ‘Armenian (mouse) ’]

ern US var.  of ERNE [美] ERNE 的变体

-ern /ən/ suffix  forming adjectives (northern 北方的) 构成形容词 [Old English -erne, from Germanic]

erne /ɜ:n/ n. (US [美] ern) poet.  a sea eagle [诗]海雕，渔雕 [Old English earn, from Germanic]

Ernest /ˈɜ:nist/   欧内斯特 [人名]

Ernie /ˈɜ:ni/ n. (in the UK) a device for drawing prizewinning numbers of Premium Bonds (英国)欧尼摇奖机 [acronym from electronic random number indicator equipment]

erode /iˈrəʊd/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  wear away, destroy or be destroyed gradually 腐蚀；磨损；侵蚀 2 tr. Med. (of ulcers etc.) destroy (tissue) little by little 【医】(溃疡等)溃烂，糜烂 □ erodible  adj.   [French éroder or Latin erodere eros- (as E-, rodere ros- ‘gnaw’)]

erogenous /iˈrɒdʒinəs, e-/ adj.  1 (esp. of a part of the body) sensitive to sexual stimulation (尤指身体的某部分)对性刺激敏感的 2  giving rise to sexual desire or excitement 引起性欲的，引起性兴奋的 [as EROTIC + -GENOUS]

erosion /iˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  1 Geol.  the wearing away of the earth's surface by the action of water, wind, etc. 【地质】风化；侵蚀 2  the act or an instance of eroding; the process of being eroded 风化作用，风化过程 □ erosional  adj.  □ erosive  adj.   [French érosion from Latin erosio (as ERODE)]

erotic /iˈrɒtik/ adj.  of or causing sexual love, esp. tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement 引起性爱的；色情的，引起性欲的 □ erotically  adv.   [French érotique from Greek erōtikos, from erōs erōtos ‘sexual love’]

erotica /iˈrɒtikə/ n. pl.  erotic literature or art 色情文学；色情艺术

eroticism /iˈrɒtisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  erotic nature or character 色情性 2  the use of or response to erotic images or stimulation 色情，性本能，性反应

eroticize /iˈrɒtisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make erotic; stimulate sexually 使色情，使性感

erotism /ˈerətiz(ə)m/ n.  sexual desire or excitement; eroticism 性欲，性本能，性冲动

eroto- /iˈrɒtəʊ/ comb. form  erotic, eroticism [构词成分]色情 [Greek erōs erōtos ‘sexual love’]

erotogenic /iˌrɒtəˈdʒenik/ adj. (also 亦作 erotogenous /erəˈtɒdʒinəs/)  = EROGENOUS 

erotology /erəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of sexual love 性爱学

erotomania /iˌrɒtə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  1  excessive or abnormal erotic desire 色情狂，性欲异常 2  a preoccupation with sexual passion 情欲专注 □ erotomaniac  /-niæk/ n.  

err /ɜ:/ v. intr.  1  be mistaken or incorrect 出错 2  do wrong; sin 犯错误；有罪 □ err on the right side   act so that the least harmful of possible errors is the most likely to occur 有意做不合算但求稳妥的行动□ err on the side of   act with a specified bias 按某种特定偏向行事  errs on the side of generosity  宁可过分慷慨一点而不… [Middle English via Old French errer from Latin errare ‘stray’: related to Gothic airzei ‘error’, airzjan ‘lead astray’]

errand /ˈer(ə)nd/ n.  1  a short journey, esp. on another's behalf, to take a message, collect goods, etc. (短程)差事，差使(尤指为人传递消息，取东西等) 2  the object of such a journey (差事的)使命，任务 [Old English œˉrende, from Germanic]

errand of mercy n.  a journey or mission to relieve suffering etc. 仁慈之行(为减轻痛苦而为)

errant /ˈer(ə)nt/ adj.  1  erring; deviating from an accepted standard 出错的，出偏差的 2 literary or archaic  travelling in search of adventure [文学用语] [古义] (为探险而进行的)周游，出游  knight errant  骑士周游 □ errancy  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ errantry  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Middle English: sense 1 formed as ERR: sense 2 from Old French errer, ultimately via Late Latin itinerare from iter ‘journey’]

erratic /iˈrætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  inconsistently variable in conduct, opinions, etc., unpredictable, eccentric 不确定的，捉摸不定的(行为、想法等)；不可预测的；古怪的 2  uncertain in movement 行踪不定的 ●n.  = ERRATIC BLOCK  □ erratically  adv.  □ erraticism  n.   [Middle English via Old French erratique from Latin erraticus (as ERR)]

erratic block n.  a large rock carried from a distance by glacial action 冰川漂砾

erratum /eˈrɑ:təm, -reit-/ n. (pl. errata /-tə/)  an error in printing or writing, esp. (in pl. 用复数) a list of corrected errors attached to a book etc. 印刷(或书写)错误；(尤指书末的)勘误表 [Latin, neut. past part. of errare (as ERR), used as a noun]

Errol /ˈerəl/   埃罗尔 [人名]

erroneous /iˈrəʊniəs, e-/ adj.  incorrect; arising from error 不正确的，由错误引起的 □ erroneously  adv.  □ erroneousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French erroneus or Latin erroneus, from erro -onis ‘vagabond’ (as ERR)]

error /ˈerə/ n.  1  a mistake 错误，差错 2  the condition of being wrong in conduct or judgement (行为或判断)犯错，出错  led into error  导致出错 3  a wrong opinion or judgement 错误的想法(或判断) 4  the amount by which something is incorrect or inaccurate in a calculation or measurement (计算或测量)错误量，出错量 □ errorless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French errour from Latin error -oris (as ERR)]

ersatz /ˈɜ:sæts, ˈɛə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  substitute, imitation (esp. of inferior quality) 代替的，仿制的(尤指质量较差的) ●n.  an ersatz thing 代用品，仿制品 [German, = replacement]

Erse /ɜ:s/ adj. & n. archaic or derog. [古义] [贬] ●adj.  of or relating to Highland or esp. Irish Gaelic 苏格兰高地的，(尤指)爱尔兰盖尔语的 ●n.  the Gaelic language, esp. Irish Gaelic 盖尔语(尤指爱尔兰的盖尔语) [early Scots form of IRISH]

erst /ɜ:st/ adv. archaic  formerly; of old [古义]往昔的，旧(时)的 [Old English œˉrest, superlative of œˉr: see ERE]

erstwhile /ˈɜ:stwail/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  former, previous 以前的，从前的 ●adv. archaic [古义]  = ERST 

erubescent /erʊˈbes(ə)nt/ adj.  reddening, blushing 脸红的，变红的 [Latin erubescere (as E-, rubescere from rubēre ‘be red’)]

eructation /i:rʌkˈteiʃ(ə)n, i-/ n.  the act or an instance of belching 打嗝，嗳气；喷射，喷发 [Latin eructatio from eructare (as E-, ructare ‘belch’)]

erudite /ˈerʊdait/ adj.  1 (of a person) learned (人)有学问的，有知识的 2 (of writing etc.) showing great learning (写作等)知识渊博的 □ eruditely  adv.  □ erudition  /-ˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin eruditus, past part. of erudire ‘instruct, train’ (as E-, rudis ‘untrained’)]

erupt /iˈrʌpt/ v. intr.  1  break out suddenly or dramatically 喷发，爆发 2 (of a volcano) become active and eject lava etc. (火山开始)爆发，喷发 3  a (of a rash, boil, etc.) appear on the skin (皮肤上)出现(疹子、疖子等)b (of the skin) produce a rash etc. (皮肤上)发疹，生疖 4 (of the teeth) break through the gums in normal development (牙齿)萌出，长出 □ eruption  n.  □ eruptive  adj.   [Latin erumpere erupt- (as E-, rumpere ‘break’)]

-ery /əri/ suffix (also 亦作 -ry /-ri/) forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  a class or kind (greenery 绿树 ; machinery 机械 ; citizenry 市民) 类、种 2  an occupation or employment; a state, condition, or behaviour (archery 射箭 ; slavery 奴隶身份 ; bravery 勇敢) 职业、状态或行为 3  a place set aside for an activity or characterized by a gathering together of things, animals, etc. (brewery 啤酒厂 ; orangery 柑橘园) 做…的地方；…的集结地 4 often derog.  all that has to do with (knavery 不道德行为 ; popery (罗马)天主教 ; tomfoolery 愚蠢举动) [常贬]与…有关的全部事物 [Middle English, from or suggested by French -erie, -ere, ultimately from Latin -ario-, -ator]

erysipelas /eriˈsipiləs/ n. Med.  a streptococcal infection producing inflammation and a deep red colour on the skin, esp. of the face and scalp 【医】丹毒 [Middle English via Latin from Greek erusipelas, perhaps related to eruthros ‘red’ + a root pel- ‘skin’]

erythema /eriˈθi:mə/ n.  a superficial reddening of the skin, usu. in patches (皮肤)红斑(通常为成块的) □ erythemal  adj.  □ erythematic  /ˌeriθiˈmætik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek eruthēma, via eruthainō ‘be red’ from eruthros ‘red’]

erythrism /ˈeriθriz(ə)m/ n.  abnormal red coloration esp. in a bird or animal 异常的红色素沉积，(尤指)发生在鸟兽身上的色素沉积 [ERYTHRO- + -ISM]

erythro- /iˈriθrəʊ/ comb. form  red [构词成分]红色的 [Greek eruthros ‘red’]

erythroblast /iˈriθrə(ʊ)blæst/ n.  an immature erythrocyte 幼红细胞，成红细胞 [German]

erythrocyte /iˈriθrəsait/ n.  a red blood cell, which contains the pigment haemoglobin and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues 红血球，红细胞 □ erythrocytic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.  

erythroid /ˈeriθrɔid/ adj.  of or relating to erythrocytes 红血球的，红细胞的

Es symb. Chem.  the element einsteinium [符]【化】(化学元素)锿

-es1 /iz, z/ suffix  forming plurals of nouns ending in sibilant sounds (such words in -e dropping the e)  kisses  吻 cases  事件 boxes  盒子 churches  教堂 and of a few ending in -o  potatoes  土豆 heroes  英雄 构成的齿擦音结尾的名词复数(以 -e 结尾词后的 e 去掉)；加在一些以 -o 结尾的词之后构成复数 [variant of -S1]

-es2 /iz, z/ suffix  forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs ending in sibilant sounds (such words in -e dropping the e) and ending in -o (but not -oo)  goes  去 places  放 pushes  推 加在以齿擦音结尾的动词后构成第三人称单数(以 -e 结尾的词后则需去掉 e)；加在以 -o 结尾的词后，但不加在以 -oo 结尾的词后，构成第三人称单数 [variant of -S2]

ESA abbr.  European Space Agency [缩略]欧洲航天署

escadrille /eskəˈdril/ n.  a French squadron of aeroplanes (法国的)飞行小队 [French]

escalade /eskəˈleid/ n.  the scaling of fortified walls with ladders, as a military attack 登云梯攻城；(用梯子)攀登城墙 [French via Spanish escalada, -ado from medieval Latin scalare, from scala ‘ladder’]

escalate /ˈeskəleit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  increase or develop (usu. rapidly) by stages 逐级增加；逐级发展；逐级上升(通常迅速地) 2 tr.  cause (an action, activity, or process) to become more intense 使(行为、活动、进程等)加剧 □ escalation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [back-formation from ESCALATOR]

escalator /ˈeskəleitə/ n.  a moving staircase consisting of a circulating belt forming steps 自动扶梯，滚梯 [from the stem of escalade ‘climb a wall by ladder’ + -ATOR]

escallonia /eskəˈləʊniə/ n.  an evergreen shrub of the S. American genus Escallonia, bearing pink or white flowers 鼠刺属植物(一种常绿灌木) [named after Escallon, 18th-c. Spanish traveller]

escallop /iˈskæləp, e-, -ˈskɒl-/ n.  1  = SCALLOPn. 1, 2  2  = ESCALOPE  3 (in pl. 用复数)  = SCALLOPn. 3  4 Heraldry  a scallop shell as a device 【纹章学】(作图案用的)扇贝壳 [formed as ESCALOPE]

escalope /iˈskæləp, e-, -ˈskɒl-, ˈeskələʊp/ n.  a thin slice of meat without any bone, esp. from a leg of veal 薄肉片(尤指从小牛腿上切下的) [French (in Old French = shell) : see SCALLOP]

escapade /ˈeskəpeid, eskəˈpeid/ n.  a piece of daring or reckless behaviour 大胆的越轨行为；冒失行为 [French from Provençal or Spanish escapada (as ESCAPE)]

escape /iˈskeip, e-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  get free of the restriction or control of a place, person, etc. 逃走，逃跑，逃脱 2 intr. (of a gas, liquid, etc.) leak from a container or pipe etc. (气体)逸出；(液体)泄漏，溢出 3 intr.  succeed in avoiding danger, punishment, etc.; get off safely (成功地)逃脱，躲过(危险、惩罚等) 4 tr.  get completely free of (a person, grasp, etc.) 摆脱(某人、羁绊等) 5 tr.  avoid or elude (a commitment, danger, etc.) 避开；躲避(责任、危险等) 6 tr.  elude the notice or memory of 逃过…注意(或记忆)  nothing escapes you  什么也躲不过你的眼睛 the name escaped me  我把名字忘了 7 tr. (of words etc.) issue unawares from (a person, a person's lips) (词语等)不知不觉地从口中说出，从嘴边溜出 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of escaping; avoidance of danger, injury, etc. 逃走，逃跑；躲避 2  the state of having escaped 逃脱  was a narrow escape  侥幸逃脱 3  a means of escaping 逃走的方式(或手段) often 常作 attrib.: escape hatch  逃生出口 4  a leakage of gas etc. 气体泄漏 5  a temporary relief from reality or worry (暂时地)逃避(现实或痛苦) 6  a garden plant running wild (园中植物的)野化，疯长 7 (in full 全称 escape key) Computing  a key which either ends the current operation, or converts subsequent characters to a control sequence 【计算】中断键，跳转键  escape routine  中断程序 escape sequence  跳转 □ escapable  adj.  □ escaper  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old Norman French escaper, ultimately from medieval Latin (as EX-1, cappa ‘cloak’)]

escape clause n.  a clause specifying the conditions under which a contracting party is free from an obligation 例外条款

escapee /eskeiˈpi:, iˈskeipi:/ n.  a person, esp. a prisoner, who has escaped 逃跑者，逃脱者；(尤指)越狱者

escapement /iˈskeipm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  1  the part of a clock or watch that connects and regulates the motive power (钟表的)擒纵机构 2  the part of the mechanism in a piano that enables the hammer to fall back as soon as it has struck the string (钢琴上)使琴槌击打琴弦后能迅速弹回的机械装置 3  the mechanism in a typewriter that controls the leftward motion of the carriage (打字机上控制字模向左运动的)棘轮装置 4 archaic  a means of escape [古义]逃走的方式，手段 [French échappement from échapper ESCAPE]

escape road n. esp. Brit.  a road for a vehicle to turn into if unable to negotiate a bend, descent, etc., safely (esp. on a racetrack) [尤英] (下坡、转弯时保证安全用的)岔道(尤指赛车道上的)

escape velocity n.  the minimum velocity needed to escape from the gravitational field of a body 逃逸速度(逃逸某星体引力场所需的最小速度)

escape wheel n.  a toothed wheel in the escapement of a watch or clock (钟表上的)擒纵轮

escapism /iˈskeipiz(ə)m, e-/ n.  the tendency to seek distraction and relief from reality, esp. in the arts or through fantasy 逃避现实(尤指在艺术和幻想中) □ escapist  n. & adj.  

escapology /eskəˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  the methods and techniques of escaping from confinement, esp. as a form of entertainment (从束缚中)脱逃术，遁身术(尤指作为娱乐表演) □ escapologist  n.  

escargot /eˈskɑ:ɡəʊ, i-/ n.  an edible snail 食用蜗牛 [French]

escarpment /iˈskɑ:pm(ə)nt, e-/ n. (also 亦作 escarp) Geol.  a long steep slope at the edge of a plateau etc. 【地质】悬崖，绝壁；陡坡 [French escarpement from escarpe SCARP]

-esce /es/ suffix  forming verbs, usu. initiating action (effervesce 冒泡，起泡 ; fluoresce 发荧光) 构成动词，通常表示“发起、发动” [from or suggested by Latin -escere]

-escent /ˈes(ə)nt/ suffix  forming adjectives denoting the beginning of a state or action (effervescent 起泡的 ; fluorescent 发荧光的) 构成形容词，表示“初始的”，“初起的”，“开始的” □ -escence  suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [from or suggested by French -escent or Latin -escent-, pres. part. stem of verbs ending in -escere]

eschatology /eskəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the part of theology concerned with death and final destiny 末世学，来世学 2  a belief or beliefs about the destiny of mankind and the world 末世论 □ eschatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ eschatologist  n.   [Greek eskhatos ‘last’ + -LOGY]

escheat /isˈtʃi:t, e-/ n. & v. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  the reversion of property to the state, or (in feudal law) to a lord, on the owner's dying without legal heirs 主人死后如无法定继承人，将财产重归国家(或领主) 2  property affected by this 重归财产 ●v.  1 tr.  hand over (property) as an escheat (将财产)作为重归财产交付 2 tr.  confiscate 没收 3 intr.  revert by escheat 将(财产)回归给… [Middle English from Old French eschete, ultimately from Latin excidere (as EX-1, cadere ‘fall’)]

eschew /isˈtʃu:, e-/ v. tr. literary  avoid; abstain from [文学用语]避免，躲开 □ eschewal  n.   [Middle English from Old French eschiver, ultimately from Germanic: related to SHY1]

eschscholtzia /iˈʃɒltsiə, isˈkɒlʃə, e-/ n.  a yellow- or orange-flowered plant of the genus Eschscholtzia, esp. the Californian poppy 花菱草 [named after J. F. von Eschscholtz, German botanist d. 1831]

escort n. & v. ●n. /ˈeskɔ:t/  1  one or more persons, vehicles, ships, etc., accompanying a person, vehicle, etc., esp. for protection or security or as a mark of rank or status 护送或护卫人(或车辆、船舰等) (尤指出于安全原因或为显示级别身份而为) 2  a person accompanying a person of the opposite sex socially (在社交场合)陪伴(或护送)异性 ●v. tr. /iˈskɔ:t, e-/  act as an escort to 护送；陪伴 [French escorte, escorter from Italian scorta, fem. past part. of scorgere ‘conduct’]

escritoire /eskri:ˈtwɑ:/ n.  a writing desk with drawers etc. (带抽屉的)写字台 [French from Latin scriptorium ‘writing-room’: see SCRIPTORIUM]

escrow /iˈskrəʊ, e-/ n. & v. Law 【法律】  ●n.  1  money, property, or a written bond, kept in the custody of a third party until a specified condition has been fulfilled 钱、财产、契约等暂由第三者保存以待条件实现 2  the status of this 在条件未实现前由第三者暂管(的状况)  in escrow  由第三者暂为保管 ●v. tr.  place in escrow 将…暂交第三者保管以待条件实现 [Anglo-French escrowe, Old French escroe ‘scrap, scroll’, via medieval Latin scroda from Germanic]

escudo /eˈsku:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the chief monetary unit of Portugal and Cape Verde 埃斯库多(葡萄牙 2002 年前的和佛得角的主要货币单位，葡萄牙现已采用欧元) [Spanish & Portuguese, from Latin scutum ‘shield’]

esculent /ˈeskjʊlənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  fit to eat; edible 适合食用的，可食用的 ●n.  an edible substance 可食物品 [Latin esculentus from esca ‘food’]

escutcheon /iˈskʌtʃ(ə)n, e-/ n.  1  a shield or emblem bearing a coat of arms 带有盾形纹章的盾或徽章 2  the middle part of a ship's stern where the name is placed 船尾中部写有船名的部分 3  the protective plate around a keyhole or door handle (锁眼或门把手的)护托，护圈 □ blot on the escutcheon of   a stain on the character or name of 品格、名誉上的污点□ escutcheoned  adj.   [Anglo-French & Old Norman French escuchon, ultimately from Latin scutum ‘shield’]

Esd. abbr. [缩略]  Esdras (Apocrypha) 

ESE abbr. [缩略]  east-south-east 

-ese /i:z/ suffix forming adjectives and nouns denoting 构成形容词和名词，表示 :  1  an inhabitant or language of a country or city (Japanese 日本人，日本语 ; Milanese 米兰人 ; Viennese 维也纳人) 某国或某地的居民；国家或地方的语言 2 often derog.  character or style, esp. of language (officialese 公文体) [常贬]具有某种特征、风格、文体的(尤指语言) [Old French -eis, ultimately from Latin -ensis]

esker /ˈeskə/ n. (also 亦作 eskar) Geol.  a long ridge of post-glacial gravel in river valleys 【地质】蛇(形)丘(河谷中长长的冰川砂砾岩层) [Irish eiscir]

Eskimo /ˈeskiməʊ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Esquimau) often offens. [常冒犯] ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os or Esquimaux)  1  a member of a people inhabiting northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and eastern Siberia 爱斯基摩人(居住在加拿大北部、阿拉斯加、格棱兰和西伯利亚东部) 2  any of the languages of this people 爱斯基摩人讲的语言 ●adj.  of or relating to the Eskimos or their language 爱斯基摩人的；爱斯基摩语的 [Danish from French Esquimaux (pl.), from Algonquian, literally ‘eaters of raw flesh’]■Usage 用法说明 In Canada and, increasingly, elsewhere the term Inuit is used to refer to Canadian Eskimos and also to Eskimos generally. The term Eskimo may offend some people. 在世界各地区，人们现用 Inuit 来指加拿大的爱斯基摩人，也用其作为爱斯基摩人的统称。用 Eskimo 这个词可能会冒犯一些人。 

Esky /ˈeski/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. propr.  a portable insulated container for keeping food or drink cool [澳] [商标]便携式密封冷饮盒，冷藏盒 [probably from ESKIMO, with reference to their cold climate]

ESL abbr.  English as a second language [缩略]作为第二语言的英语

ESN abbr. hist.  educationally subnormal [缩略] [史义]教育上低于正常人的

esophagus US var.  of OESOPHAGUS [美] OESOPHAGUS 的变体

esoteric /esəˈterik, i:s-/ adj. (of a doctrine, mode of speech, etc.) intended only for, or intelligible only to, the initiated (指信念、讲话方式等)针对内行的，内传的；难懂的，深奥的；秘传的 □ esoterically  adv.  □ esotericism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ esotericist  /-sist/ n.   [Greek esōterikos from esōterō, comparative of esō ‘within’: cf. EXOTERIC]

ESP abbr.  extrasensory perception [缩略]超感(官)知觉；特异功能

esp. abbr. [缩略]  especially 

espadrille /espəˈdril, ˈespədril/ n.  a light canvas shoe with a plaited fibre sole 帆布便鞋 [French from Provençal espardillo, from espart ESPARTO]

espalier /iˈspæljə, e-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lattice or frame along which the branches of a tree or shrub are trained to grow flat against a wall etc. (使树木贴墙等生长的)棚架或栅格 2  a tree or shrub trained in this way 经如此驯化贴墙生长的树木 ●v. tr.  train in this way 使树木沿墙平长 [French from Italian spalliera, from spalla ‘shoulder’]

esparto /eˈspɑ:təʊ, i-/ n. (pl. -os) (in full 全称 esparto grass)  a coarse grass, Stipa tenacissima, native to Spain and N. Africa, with tough narrow leaves, used to make ropes, wickerwork, and good-quality paper 细茎针茅，地中海茅草 [Spanish via Latin spartum from Greek sparton ‘rope’]

especial /iˈspeʃ(ə)l, e-/ adj.  1  notable, exceptional 特别的，特殊的 2  attributed or belonging chiefly to one person or thing 特有的，独特的  your especial charm  你独特的魅力 [Middle English via Old French from Latin specialis ‘special’]

especially /iˈspeʃ(ə)li, e-/ adv.  chiefly; much more than in other cases 主要地，特别地

Esperanto /espəˈræntəʊ/ n.  an artificial universal language devised in 1887, based on roots from the chief European languages 世界语 (1887 年以欧洲主要语言为基础创造的一种人造语言) □ Esperantist  n.   [the pen-name (from Latin sperare ‘hope’) of its inventor, L. L. Zamenhof, Polish physician d. 1917]

espial /iˈspai(ə)l, e-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of catching sight of or of being seen 观察；被观察 2 archaic  spying [古义]侦察，刺探 [Middle English from Old French espiaille, from espier: see ESPY]

espionage /ˈespiənɑ:ʒ, -idʒ/ n.  the practice of spying or of using spies, esp. by governments 侦察，刺探，间谍活动(尤指政府间的) [French espionnage via espionner from espion SPY]

esplanade /espləˈneid, -ˈnɑ:d/ n.  1  a long open level area for walking on, esp. beside the sea 供散步用的路(尤指在海边的步行路) 2  a level space separating a fortress from a town 要塞或城堡与城市间的旷地 [French via Spanish esplanada, from esplanar ‘make level’, from Latin explanare (as EX-1, planus ‘level’)]

espousal /iˈspaʊz(ə)l, e-/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the espousing of a cause etc. 支持(事业等) 2 archaic  a marriage or betrothal [古义]结婚；婚约 [Middle English via Old French espousailles from Latin sponsalia, neut. pl. of sponsalis (as ESPOUSE)]

espouse /iˈspaʊz, e-/ v. tr.  1  adopt or support (a cause, doctrine, etc.) 采纳或支持(事业、理念等) 2 archaic [古义]  a (usu. of a man) marry (通指男人)结婚，成亲b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  give (a woman) in marriage 嫁(女)，娶(妻) □ espouser  n.   [Middle English via Old French espouser from Latin sponsare, from sponsus, past part. of spondēre ‘betroth’]

espresso /eˈspresəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 expresso /ekˈspresəʊ/) (pl. -os)  1  strong concentrated black coffee made under steam pressure (蒸汽加压煮出的)浓咖啡 2  a machine for making this 煮这种浓咖啡的器具 [Italian, = pressed out]

esprit /eˈspri:, ˈespri:, 法 ɛspri/ n.  1  wit 才智，智慧 2  spirit, liveliness 精神，活力 [French, from Latin spiritus SPIRIT]

esprit de corps /də ˈkɔ:, 法 də kɔr/ n.  a feeling of devotion to and pride in the group one belongs to 团队精神，团体精神 [French, literally ‘spirit of the body’]

esprit de l'escalier /də leˈskæljei, 法 də lɛskalje/ n.  an apt retort or clever remark that comes to mind after the chance to make it is gone (事后想出来的)机智反驳，有才智的话语 [French, literally ‘wit of the stairs’]

espy /iˈspai, e-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) literary  catch sight of; perceive [文学用语]见到，看到；感知，认知 [Middle English from Old French espier: see SPY]

Esq. abbr. [缩略]  Esquire 

-esque /esk/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘in the style of’ or ‘resembling’ (romanesque 罗马式建筑 ; Schumannesque 舒曼式的 ; statuesque 雕像般的) 构成形容词，表示“…式的”，“像…的” [French via Italian -esco from medieval Latin -iscus]

Esquimau var.  of ESKIMO  ESKIMO 的变体

esquire /iˈskwaiə, e-/ n.  1 (usu. as abbr. 通常作缩略 Esq.)  a Brit.  a title appended to a man's surname when no other form of address is used, esp. as a form of address for letters [英]先生(对男士的称谓，在无其他称谓时用，尤用于书信中)b US  a title appended to a lawyer's surname [美]先生(用在律师姓前) 2 archaic [古义]  = SQUIREn. 2  [Middle English via Old French esquier from Latin scutarius ‘shield-bearer’, from scutum ‘shield’]

ESR abbr. Physics  electron spin resonance [缩略]【物理学】电子自旋共振

ESRC abbr. (in the UK) Economic and Social Research Council [缩略] (英)经济与社会研究会

-ess1 /es/ suffix  forming nouns denoting females (actress 女演员 ; lioness 母狮子 ; mayoress 女市长) 构成名词，表示“雌性的，母的，女性的” [from or suggested by French -esse via Late Latin -issa from Greek -issa]

-ess2 /es/ suffix  forming abstract nouns from adjectives (duress 胁迫) 由形容词构成抽象名词 [Middle English via French -esse from Latin -itia; cf. -ICE, -ISE2]

essay n. & v. ●n. /ˈesei/  1  a composition, usu. short and in prose, on any subject 散文；短文，小品文 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in) formal  an attempt [正式]企图；尝试 ●v. tr. /eˈsei/ formal  attempt, try [正式]企图做，尝试 □ essayist  n.   [Middle English from ASSAY, assimilated to French essayer, ultimately via Late Latin exagium ‘weighing’ from exigere ‘weigh’: see EXACT]

essence /ˈes(ə)ns/ n.  1  the indispensable quality or element identifying a thing or determining its character; fundamental nature or inherent characteristics 本质，实质，要素 2  a  an extract obtained by distillation etc., esp. a volatile oil 精炼制品，提炼品(尤指挥发油)b  a perfume or scent, esp. made from a plant or animal substance 香精，香料；香水(尤指从动植物中提取的) 3  the constituent of a plant that determines its chemical properties 精，素，主要成分(植物中决定其化学特性的部分) 4  an abstract entity; the reality underlying a phenomenon or all phenomena 精髓，精华 □ in essence   fundamentally 根本上，本质上□ of the essence   indispensable, vital 重要的，不可缺少的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin essentia, from esse ‘be’]

Essene /ˈesi:n/ n.  a member of an ancient Jewish ascetic sect living communally and widely regarded as the authors of the Dead Sea Scrolls 艾赛尼派信徒(古代犹太教的一个禁欲教派，居住在一起，被认为是死海经书卷的作者) [Latin pl. Esseni from Greek pl. Essēnoi]

essential /iˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  absolutely necessary; indispensable 必需的；必备的，不可缺少的，绝对需要的 2  fundamental, basic 基本的；根本的，基础的 3  of or constituting the essence of a person or thing 精华的，精髓的 4 (of a disease) with no known external stimulus or cause; idiopathic (疾病)自发的；无外部起因的 ●n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a basic or indispensable element or thing 必备品，(基本)必需品 □ essentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ essentially  adv.  □ essentialness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin essentialis (as ESSENCE)]

essential element n.  any of various elements required by living organisms for normal growth (生物正常生长必需的)基本元素

essentialism /iˈsenʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the belief that things have a set of characteristics which make them what they are 【哲】本质主义，本质论 □ essentialist  n. & adj.  

essential oil n.  a volatile oil derived from a plant etc. with its characteristic odour 精油(植物中提取含有独特香味的挥发油)

EST abbr. [缩略]  1  Eastern Standard Time 东部标准时间 2  electro-shock treatment 电击疗法

est /est/ n.  a group technique for raising self-awareness, including motivational theories from the business world 一种提高群体自我意识的方法，包括商界的激励理论 [acronym from Erhard Seminars Training, from the name of W. Erhard, American businessman (b. 1935), who devised the technique]

est. abbr. [缩略]  established 

-est1 /ist/ suffix  forming the superlative of adjectives  widest  最宽阔的 nicest  最精美的 happiest  极其高兴的 and adverbs  soonest  最快地 构成形容词最高级；和构成副词最高级 [Old English -ost-, -ust-, -ast-]

-est2 /ist/ suffix (also 亦作 -st) archaic  forming the 2nd person sing. of verbs (canst; findest; gavest) [古义]表示动词第二人称单数 [Old English -est, -ast, -st]

establish /iˈstæbliʃ, e-/ v. tr.  1  set up or consolidate (a business, system, etc.) on a permanent basis 建立，成立；设立(企业、公司、系统，制度等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  settle (a person or oneself) in some capacity 使具备…的资格 3 (esp. as 尤作 established adj.)  achieve permanent acceptance for (a custom, belief, practice, institution, etc.) 确立，树立(风俗、信仰、时尚、机构等) 4  a  validate; place beyond dispute (a fact etc.) 使生效；使(事实等)不容争议b  find out, ascertain 确定；找出 □ establisher  n.   [Middle English via Old French establir (stem establiss-) from Latin stabilire, from stabilis STABLE1]

established Church n.  a Church recognized by the state as the national Church (由国家认定的)国教

establishment /iˈstæbliʃm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of establishing; the process of being established 建立，成立；设立 2  a  a business organization or public institution 商业组织(或公共机构)b  a place of business 交易场所，会所c  a residence 住所，居住地，住房 3  a  the staff or equipment of an organization 公司(机构)的职工(或设备)b  a household 家族；家居；家庭 4  any organized body permanently maintained for a purpose 组织机构，企事业单位，团体 5  a Church system organized by law (由法律确立的)教会系统 6  a (作 the Establishment)  the group in a society exercising authority or influence, and seen as resisting change (通常指较保守的)政府机构b  any influential or controlling group (社会中)有影响、有控制能力的团体与群体  the literary establishment  文学界

establishmentarian /iˌstæbliʃm(ə)nˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  adhering to or advocating the principle of an established Church 国教的；提倡国教的 ●n.  a person adhering to or advocating this 国教主义者，国教分子 □ establishmentarianism  n.  

estaminet /eˈstæminei, 法 ɛstaminɛ/ n.  a small French café etc. selling alcoholic drinks (法)出售含酒精饮料的小咖啡馆，小酒吧 [French, via Walloon staminé ‘byre’ from stamo ‘a pole for tethering a cow’, probably from German Stamm ‘stem’]

estate /iˈsteit, e-/ n.  1  a property consisting of an extensive area of land usu. with a large house 房地产 2 Brit.  a modern residential or industrial area with integrated design or purpose [英]住宅区，工业园区 3  all of a person's assets and liabilities, esp. at death (个人的)全部资产与债务；(尤指)遗产 4  a property where rubber, tea, grapes, etc., are cultivated (橡胶、茶、葡萄等的)种植园，庄园 5 (in full 全称 estate of the realm) esp. hist.  an order or class forming (or regarded as) a part of the body politic [尤史义]政治阶层，政治等级 6 archaic or literary  a state or position in life [古义] [文学用语]状况；社会阶层，社会地位  the estate of holy matrimony  神圣婚姻状况 poor man's estate  穷人阶层 7 Brit. colloq. [英口]  = ESTATE CAR  □ the Three Estates   Lords Spiritual (the heads of the Church), Lords Temporal (the peerage), and the Commons 社会三大等级：教会首脑，贵族和平民 [Middle English from Old French estat (as STATUS)]

estate agent n. Brit.  1  a person whose business is the sale or lease of buildings and land on behalf of others [英]房地产商，房地产经纪人 2  the steward of an estate 房地产代管人

estate car n. Brit.  a car with the passenger area extended and combined with space for luggage, usu. with an extra door at the rear [英]旅行轿车(有加长的车身，车尾有门)；客货两用车

estate duty n. Brit. hist.  death duty levied on property (replaced in 1975 by capital transfer tax and in 1986 by inheritance tax) [英史义] 1986 房地产遗产税 (1975 年由资产转移税取代， 1986 年由继承税取代)

estate of the realm  see 见 ESTATE 5 

esteem /iˈsti:m, e-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  have a high regard for; greatly respect; think favourably of 崇敬，敬仰，仰慕 2 formal  consider, deem [正式]思考，认为，相信  esteemed it an honour  看作是一种荣誉 ●n.  high regard; respect; favour 高度评价；尊敬；倾心  held them in esteem  非常尊敬他们 [Middle English via Old French estimer from Latin aestimare ‘fix the price of’]

ester /ˈestə/ n. Chem.  any of a class of organic compounds produced by replacing the hydrogen of an acid by an alkyl, aryl, etc. radical, many of which occur naturally as oils and fats 【化】酯 □ esterify  /eˈsterifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)   [German, probably from Essig ‘vinegar’ + Äther ‘ether’]

Esth. abbr.  Esther (Old Testament & Apocrypha) [缩略] (《圣经·旧约》中的)《以斯帖记》

esthete US var.  of AESTHETE [美] AESTHETE 的变体

esthetic US var.  of AESTHETIC [美] AESTHETIC 的变体

estimable /ˈestiməb(ə)l/ adj.  worthy of esteem 值得尊敬的，值得仰慕的 □ estimably  adv.   [French from Latin aestimabilis (as ESTEEM)]

estimate n. & v. ●n. /ˈestimət/  1  an approximate judgement, esp. of cost, value, size, etc. 估计；估算，估测(尤指成本、价格、大小等) 2  a price specified as that likely to be charged for work to be undertaken 预算；报价 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) /ˈestimeit/  1  form an estimate or opinion of 测算；估价，看法 2 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  make a rough calculation 估算，粗略计算 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  value or measure by estimation; adjudge 测算，预测；估价，测算，估值 □ estimative  /-mətiv/ adj.  □ estimator  /-meitə/ n.   [Latin aestimare aestimat- ‘fix the price of’]

estimation /estiˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or result of estimating 估计；估算结果 2  judgement or opinion of worth 估价，测算  in my estimation  我的估价 3 archaic  esteem [古义]尊敬，敬重  hold in estimation  受到敬重 [Middle English from Old French estimation or Latin aestimatio (as ESTIMATE)]

estival US var.  of AESTIVAL [美] AESTIVAL 的变体

estivate US var.  of AESTIVATE [美] AESTIVATE 的变体

Estonia   爱沙尼亚

Estonian /iˈstəʊniən, e-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Estonia, a Baltic republic 爱沙尼亚人b  a person of Estonian descent 爱沙尼亚人的后裔 2  the Finno-Ugric language of Estonia 爱沙尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Estonia or its people or language 爱沙尼亚的；爱沙尼亚人的；爱沙尼亚语的

estop /iˈstɒp/ v. tr. (estopped, estopping) (foll. by 后跟 from) Law  bar or preclude, esp. by estoppel 【法律】禁止，排除，(尤指)禁止反言，禁止翻供 □ estoppage  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French estoper and Late Latin stuppare ‘stop up’ from Latin stuppa ‘tow, oakum’: cf. STOP, STUFF]

estoppel /iˈstɒp(ə)l/ n. Law  the principle which precludes a person from asserting something contrary to what is implied by a previous action or statement of that person or by a previous pertinent judicial determination 【法律】禁止反言，禁止翻供 [Old French estouppail ‘bung’ from estoper (as ESTOP)]

estovers /iˈstəʊvəz, e-/ n. pl. hist.  necessaries allowed by law to a tenant (esp. fuel, or wood for repairs) [史义] (法律上认可的)应向租房者所提供的必备物资(尤指燃料、修缮用的木材等) [Anglo-French estover, Old French estoveir ‘be necessary’, from Latin est opus]

estrange /iˈstrein(d)ʒ, e-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 often foll. by 常后跟 from)  cause (a person or group) to turn away in feeling or affection; alienate 使疏远；使离开；离间 2 (as 作 estranged adj.) (of a husband or wife) no longer living with his or her spouse 夫妻分居(的)，分开过(的) □ estrangement  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French estraunger, Old French estranger from Latin extraneare ‘treat as a stranger’, from extraneus ‘stranger’]

estreat /iˈstri:t, e-/ n. & v. Law 【法律】  ●n.  1  a copy of a court record of a fine etc. for use in prosecution (供起诉用的)法院罚单记录的副本 2  the enforcement of a fine or forfeiture of a recognizance 执行罚没 ●v. tr.  enforce the forfeit of (a fine etc., esp. surety for bail) 执行罚没(尤指为获得保证金而进行的) [Middle English via Anglo-French estrete, Old French estraite, from estraire, from Latin extrahere EXTRACT]

estrogen US var.  of OESTROGEN [美] OESTROGEN 的变体

estrus US var.  of OESTRUS [美] OESTRUS 的变体

estuary /ˈestjʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a wide tidal mouth of a river 河口湾，三角湾， □ estuarine  /-rain/ adj.   [Latin aestuarium ‘tidal channel’ from aestus ‘tide’]

e.s.u. abbr. [缩略]  electrostatic unit(s) 

esurient /iˈsjʊəriənt, e-/ adj. archaic or joc. [古义] [诙]  1  hungry 饥饿的 2  impecunious and greedy 贫穷且贪婪的 □ esuriently  adv.   [Latin esurire ‘to hunger’ from edere es- ‘eat’]

ET abbr. [缩略]  extraterrestrial 

-et1 /it/ suffix  forming nouns (originally diminutives) (baronet 准男爵 ; bullet 子弹 ; sonnet 十四行诗) 构成名词(通常小词) [Old French -et -ete]

-et2 /it/ suffix (also 亦作 -ete /i:t/)  forming nouns usu. denoting persons (comet 彗星 ; poet 诗人 ; athlete 运动员) 构成名词，通常表示“人” [Greek -ētēs]

ETA1 abbr.  estimated time of arrival [缩略]预计到达时间

ETA2 /ˈetə/ n.  a Basque separatist movement in Spain 埃塔(西班牙巴斯克分裂主义运动) [Basque abbreviation, from Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna ‘Basque homeland and liberty’]

eta /ˈi:tə/ n.  the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet (H, η) 希腊语字母表上的第 7 个字母 (H, η) [Greek]

et al. /et ˈæl/ abbr.  and others [缩略]等等，其余 [Latin et alii, et alia, etc.]

etalon /ˈetəlɒn/ n. Physics  a device consisting of two reflecting plates, for producing interfering light beams 【物理学】装有两块反射板用来产生干涉光束的装置 [French étalon, literally ‘standard of measurement’]

etc. abbr. [缩略]  = ET CETERA 

et cetera /etˈset(ə)rə, it-/ adv. & n. (also 亦作 etcetera) ●adv.  1  a  and the rest; and similar things or people (人或物)等等b  or similar things or people 类似的(人或物) 2  and so on 如此类推 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the usual sundries or extras 额外(或附加)的项目(或东西)；零星杂物 [Middle English from Latin]

etch /etʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  reproduce (a picture etc.) by engraving a design on a metal plate with acid (esp. to print copies) (用酸)蚀刻制版(尤指印刷制版)b tr.  engrave (a plate) in this way 蚀刻，酸刻 2 intr.  practise this craft 从事蚀刻技艺 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impress deeply (esp. on the mind) 给…以深刻印象(尤指在脑海中留下深刻记忆) ●n.  the action or process of etching 蚀刻，蚀刻工艺 □ etcher  n.   [Dutch etsen via German ɑ¨tzen ‘etch’ from Old High German azzen ‘cause to eat or to be eaten’, from Germanic]

etchant /ˈetʃ(ə)nt/ n.  a corrosive used in etching (蚀刻使用的)腐蚀剂，蚀刻液

etching /ˈetʃiŋ/ n.  1  a print made from an etched plate 蚀刻版印刷品 2  the art of producing these plates 蚀刻法(或技艺)

-ete suffix var.  of -ET2 -ET2 的变体

eternal /iˈtɜ:n(ə)l, i:-/ adj.  1  existing always; without an end or (usu.) beginning in time 永恒的，永存的，永远的 2  essentially unchanging 根本不变的，不朽的  eternal truths  永恒的真理 3 colloq.  constant; seeming not to cease [口]经常的，无休止的  your eternal nagging  你没完没了的唠叨 □ the Eternal   God 上帝□ eternality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ eternalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ eternally  adv.  □ eternalness  n.  □ eternize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin aeternalis from Latin aeternus, from aevum ‘age’]

Eternal City n. (prec. by 前接 the)  Rome 罗马城

eternal triangle n.  a relationship between three people, usu. two of one sex and one of the other, involving sexual rivalry 三角关系，(通常指)两男一女或两女一男的三角恋爱

eternity /iˈtɜ:niti, i:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  infinite or unending (esp. future) time 永恒的时间(尤指未来) 2 Theol.  endless life after death 【神】永生，来世 3  the state of being eternal 不朽，永存 4 (often prec. by 常前接 an) colloq.  a very long time [口]很久很久，极长的时间 5 (in pl. 用复数)  eternal truths 永恒的真理，不朽的真理 [Middle English via Old French eternité from Latin aeternitas -tatis, from aeternus: see ETERNAL]

eternity ring n.  a finger ring set with gems all round, usu. given as a token of lasting affection (象征永久爱情的)钻戒，永恒戒

Etesian /iˈti:ʒiən, iˈti:z-, iˈti:ʒ(ə)n/ adj.  designating a dry NW wind blowing each summer in the eastern Mediterranean 季风(地中海东部每年夏季干燥的西北风)的 [Latin etesius from Greek etēsios ‘annual’, from etos ‘year’]

eth /eð/ n. (also 亦作 edh /eð/)  the name of an Old English and Icelandic letter, = th 古英语和古冰岛语中的字母，相当于字母 th [Icelandic]

-eth1 var.  of -TH1  -TH1 的变体

-eth2 /iθ/ suffix (also 亦作 -th) archaic  forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs (doeth 做 ; saith 说) [古义]构成第三人称单数动词现在时 [Old English -eth, -ath, -th]

ethanal /ˈeθ(ə)næl/ n.  = ACETALDEHYDE  [ETHANE + ALDEHYDE]

ethane /ˈi:θein, ˈeθ-/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkane series, occurring in natural gas Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H6 【化】乙烷 [ETHER + -ANE2]

ethanediol /ˈi:θeinˌdaiɒl, ˈeθ-/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHYLENE GLYCOL  [ETHANE + DIOL]

ethanoate /iˈθænəʊeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of ethanoic acid ; also called 亦称作 acetate 【化】醋酸盐；醋酸脂

ethanoic acid /eθəˈnəʊik/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ACETIC ACID  [ETHANE + -oic, suffix denoting carboxylic acids]

ethanol /ˈeθənɒl/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ALCOHOL 1  [ETHANE + ALCOHOL]

Ethel /ˈeθəl/   埃塞尔 [人名]

ethene /ˈeθi:n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHYLENE  [ETHER + -ENE]

ether /ˈi:θə/ n.  1 Chem. 【化】  a  a colourless volatile organic liquid used as an anaesthetic or solvent (also called 亦称作 diethyl ether, ethoxyethane) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H5OC2H5 乙醚b  any of a class of organic compounds with a similar structure to this, having an oxygen joined to two alkyl etc. groups 醚类 2 (also 亦作 aether)  the clear sky; the upper regions of air beyond the clouds 天空，苍穹 3 (also 亦作 aether) hist. [史义]  a  a medium formerly assumed to permeate space and fill the interstices between particles of matter 以太(以前人们想像的弥漫于空间、充满于物质粒子间的一种媒介)b  a medium through which electromagnetic waves were formerly thought to be transmitted (传播电磁波的)以太波(旧时人们认为电磁波是通过以太传播的) □ etheric  /i:ˈθerik, ˈi:θ(ə)rik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ether or Latin aether from Greek aithēr, from the root of aithō ‘burn, shine’]

ethereal /iˈθiəriəl/ adj. (also 亦作 etherial)  1  light, airy 轻的；轻便的 2  highly delicate, esp. in appearance 精致的，精巧的(尤指外观上) 3  heavenly, celestial 上天的，上苍的，天体的 4 Chem.  of or relating to ether 【化】乙醚的 □ ethereality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ ethereally  adv.   [Latin aethereus, -ius from Greek aitherios (as ETHER)]

etherize /ˈi:θ(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) hist.  treat or anaesthetize with ether [史义]用乙醚处理；用乙醚麻醉 □ etherization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Ethernet /ˈi:θənet/ n. Computing  a system of communication for local area networks by coaxial cable that prevents simultaneous transmission by more than one station 【计算】以太网(一种网络结构) [ETHER + NETWORK]

ethic /ˈeθik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a set of moral principles 伦理标准，道德规范  the Quaker ethic  教友派伦理 ●adj.  = ETHICAL  [Middle English via Old French éthique or Latin ethicus from Greek ēthikos (as ETHOS)]

ethical /ˈeθik(ə)l/ adj.  1  relating to morals, esp. as concerning human conduct 道德上的(尤指人的行为) 2  morally correct; honourable 道德上规范的；符合道德标准的 3 (of a medicine or drug) not advertised to the general public, and usu. available only on a doctor's prescription (药品)凭医生处方出售的(不做公共广告的) □ ethicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ ethically  adv.  

ethical investment n.  investment in companies that meet ethical and moral criteria specified by the investor 符合投资者道德标准的投资

ethics /ˈeθiks/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of morals in human conduct; moral philosophy 伦理学；道德学 2  a (treated as pl. 看作复数)  moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准，行为规范b (often treated as pl. 常看作复数)  a set of these 一套道德准则，一套道德规范  medical ethics  医疗道德规范 □ ethicist  /-sist/ n.  

Ethiopia   埃塞俄比亚

Ethiopian /i:θiˈəʊpiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Ethiopia in NE Africa 埃塞俄比亚公民或埃塞俄比亚族人b  a person of Ethiopian descent 埃塞俄比亚人的后裔 2 archaic  a black person [古义]黑人 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的 2 Biol.  of or designating a biogeographical region comprising Africa south of the Sahara 【生】埃塞俄比亚(生物地理)区(指生长在撒哈拉大沙漠以南非洲地区的动植物) [Ethiopia via Latin Aethiops from Greek Aithiops, from aithō ‘burn’ + ōps ‘face’]

Ethiopic /i:θiˈɒpik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the Christian liturgical language of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚语(埃塞俄比亚基督徒做礼拜时用的语言) ●adj.  of or in this language 埃塞俄比亚语的 [Latin aethiopicus from Greek aithiopikos: see ETHIOPIAN]

ethmoid /ˈeθmɔid/ adj.  sievelike 筛骨的，筛状的 □ ethmoidal  /-ˈmɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek ēthmoeidēs from ēthmos ‘sieve’]

ethmoid bone n.  a square bone at the root of the nose, with many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose 筛骨

ethnic /ˈeθnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of a social group) having a common national or cultural tradition 种族(或民族、氏族)的b (of clothes, music, etc.) characteristic of or influenced by the traditions of a particular people or culture, esp. one regarded as exotic 有种族或文化特征的，有民族特点的(服装、音乐等)，(尤指)有异国情调的 2  denoting origin by birth or descent rather than nationality (缘于出生或血缘)…种族的，…后代的  ethnic Turks  土耳其人 3  relating to race or culture …种族的，民族文化的  ethnic group  族，群 ethnic origins  源于民族的，源于种族的 4 archaic  pagan, heathen [古义]异教徒，非基督徒 ●n.  1 N. Amer. & Austral.  a member of an (esp. minority) ethnic group [北美澳]某一种族(尤指少数民族)中的一员 2 (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  = ETHNOLOGY  □ ethnically  adv.  □ ethnicity  /-ˈnisiti/ n.   [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin ethnicus from Greek ethnikos ‘heathen’, from ethnos ‘nation’]

ethnical /ˈeθnik(ə)l/ adj.  relating to ethnology 人种学的，民族学的

ethnic cleansing n. euphem.  the mass expulsion or extermination of people from opposing ethnic or religious groups within a certain area [婉]种族清洗，种族驱逐，种族灭绝

ethnic minority n.  a (usu. identifiable) group differentiated from the main population of a community by racial origin or cultural background 少数民族

ethno- /ˈeθnəʊ/ comb. form  ethnic, ethnological. [构词成分]民族的，种族的 [Greek ethnos ‘nation’]

ethnoarchaeology /ˌeθnəʊɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of a society's institutions based on examination of its material attributes 种族文化考古学，社会群落考古学 □ ethnoarchaeological  /-kiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnoarchaeologist  n.  

ethnobotany /eθnəʊˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n.  1  the traditional knowledge of a people concerning plants and their uses 民族植物学知识 2  the study of such knowledge 民族植物学

ethnocentric /eθnə(ʊ)ˈsentrik/ adj.  evaluating other races and cultures by criteria specific to one's own 种族对比的；文化比较的 □ ethnocentrically  adv.  □ ethnocentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  □ ethnocentrism  n.  

ethnography /eθˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  the scientific description of races and cultures of humankind 人种论，人种志 □ ethnographer  n.  □ ethnographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ ethnographical  /-nəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

ethnology /eθˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the comparative scientific study of human peoples 人种学，比较人类学 □ ethnologic  /-nəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ ethnological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnologist  n.  

ethnomethodology /ˌeθnəʊmeθəˈdɒlədʒi/ n.  a method of sociological analysis that examines how individuals in everyday situations construct and maintain the social order of those situations 人类方法学(一种社会学分析方法，观察个体如何在日常生活中构造和维系社会秩序) □ ethnomethodological  /-dəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnomethodologist  n.  

ethnomusicology /ˌeθnəʊmju:ziˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the music of one or more (esp. non-European) cultures 民族音乐学(尤指非欧罗巴民族的) □ ethnomusicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnomusicologist  n.  

ethogram /ˈi:θəɡræm/ n. Zool.  a list of the kinds of behaviour or activity observed in an animal 【动】动物行为记录 [Greek ētho- (see ETHOS) + -GRAM]

ethology /i:ˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of animal behaviour 动物行为学 2  the science of character-formation in human behaviour 人类性格(形成)学 □ ethological  /i:θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethologist  n.   [Latin ethologia from Greek ēthologia (as ETHOS)]

ethos /ˈi:θɒs/ n.  the characteristic spirit or attitudes of a community, people, or system, or of a literary work etc. (团体、民族、制度、文学作品中的)气质，性格 [modern Latin from Greek ēthos ‘nature, disposition’]

ethoxyethane /i:ˌθɒksiˈi:θein/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHER 1a  [ETHER + OXY-2 + ETHANE]

ethyl /ˈeθail, -θil, ˈi:-/ n. (作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent radical C2H5 － derived from ethane by removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】乙基，乙烷基(由乙烷中去掉一个氢原子而得)  ethyl alcohol  酒精 [German (as ETHER, -YL)]

ethylene /ˈeθili:n, -θ(ə)l-/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series, occurring in natural gas and used in the manufacture of polythene also called 亦称作 ethene Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H4 【化】乙烯，乙烯基(存在于天然气中，用来生产聚乙烯) □ ethylenic  /-ˈli:nik/ adj.  

ethylene glycol n. Chem.  a colourless viscous hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in the manufacture of polyesters also called 亦称作 ethanediol Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H6O2 【化】乙二醇(一种无色、黏稠、吸湿的液体，用作防冻液和生产聚酯)

ethyne /ˈi:θain, ˈeθ-/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ACETYLENE 

-etic /ˈetik/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns (ascetic 苦行者 ; emetic 催吐的 ; genetic 遗传上的 ; synthetic 合成的) 构成形容词和名词 [Greek -ětikos or -ētikos: cf. -IC]

etiolate /ˈi:tiə(ʊ)leit/ v. tr.  1  make (a plant) pale by excluding light 通过遮光使(植物)变白 2  give a sickly hue to (a person) 使(人)脸色苍白，使(人)面带病容 □ etiolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French étioler from Norman French étieuler ‘make into haulm’, from éteule, ultimately from Latin stipula ‘straw’]

etiology US var.  of AETIOLOGY [美] AETIOLOGY 的变体

etiquette /ˈetiket, etiˈket/ n.  1  the conventional rules of social behaviour 礼仪，礼节，礼数 2  a  the customary behaviour of members of a profession towards each other 职业规矩，行业习惯b  the unwritten code governing this 不成文的行业规矩，惯例  medical etiquette  医疗行规，医界惯例 [French étiquette ‘label, etiquette’]

Eton collar /ˈi:t(ə)n/ n.  a broad stiff collar worn outside the coat-collar, esp. of an Eton jacket 伊顿领(戴在上衣领外的硬领，尤指穿在伊顿夹克之外)

Etonian /i:ˈtəʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a past or present member of Eton College in southern England (过去或现在的)英格兰南部伊顿学院的学生 ●adj.  of or relating to Eton College 伊顿学院的

Eton jacket /ˈi:t(ə)n/ n.  a short jacket reaching only to the waist, as formerly worn by pupils of Eton College 伊顿(学院以前的)校服(一种长度仅到腰部的短夹克衫)

Etruscan /iˈtrʌsk(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Etruria in Italy, esp. its pre-Roman civilization and physical remains (意大利)古伊特鲁里亚的(尤指其前罗马时代的文明和遗物) ●n.  1  a native of Etruria 伊特鲁里亚人 2  the language of Etruria 伊特鲁里亚语 [Latin Etruscus]

et seq. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 et seqq.)  and the following (pages etc.) (书页等)以下，之后 [Latin et sequentia]

-ette /et/ suffix forming nouns meaning 构成名词，意为 :  1  small (kitchenette 小厨房 ; cigarette 香烟) 小的 2  imitation or substitute (leatherette 人造革 ; flannelette 绒布) 模仿，替代 3  female (usherette 女引座员 ; suffragette 从事妇女参政运动的妇女) 女性的，雌性的 [from or suggested by Old French -ette, fem. of -ET1]

-etum /ˈi:təm/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a collection of trees or other plants (arboretum 植物园 ; pinetum 松树栽培园) 构成名词，表示“一片(树或其他植物)” [Latin]

etymologize /etiˈmɒlədʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  give or trace the etymology of 提供词源；查找词源 2 intr.  study etymology 研究词源(学) [medieval Latin etymologizare from Latin etymologia (as ETYMOLOGY)]

etymology /etiˈmɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the historically verifiable sources of the formation of a word and the development of its meaning 词源b  an account of these 词源论述 2  the branch of linguistics concerned with etymologies 词源学(语言学的一个分支) □ etymological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ etymologically  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ etymologist  n.   [Old French ethimologie via Latin etymologia from Greek etumologia (as ETYMON, -LOGY)]

etymon /ˈetimɒn/ n. (pl. etyma /-mə/)  the word that gives rise to a derivative or a borrowed or later form 词源，字根，词的原形 [earlier in the sense ‘the literal sense or original form of a word’: Latin from Greek etumon, neut. of etumos ‘true’]

EU abbr.  European Union [缩略]欧洲联盟■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. 见 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 的用法说明。 

Eu symb. Chem.  the element europium [符]【化】(化学元素)铕

eu- /ju:/ comb. form  well, easily [构词成分]好，容易 [Greek]

eucalyptus /ju:kəˈliptəs/ n. (also 亦作 eucalypt) (pl. eucalyptuses, eucalypti /-tai/, or eucalypts)  1  any tree of the genus Eucalyptus, native to Australasia, many being cultivated for their timber, for the oil from their leaves, for gums and resins, or as ornamental trees 桉树 2 (in full 全称 eucalyptus oil)  the oil from eucalyptus leaves used as an antiseptic etc. 桉树油(用作防腐剂等) [modern Latin, from EU- + Greek kaluptos ‘covered’ from kaluptō ‘to cover’, the unopened flower being protected by a cap]

eucaryote var.  of EUKARYOTE  EUKARYOTE 的变体

eucharis /ˈju:kəris/ n.  any evergreen bulbous plant of the genus Eucharis, native to S. America, with white bell-shaped flowers 油加律属植物(生长在南美的球根常绿植物，开白色钟形小花) [Greek eukharis ‘pleasing’ (as EU-, kharis ‘grace’)]

Eucharist /ˈju:k(ə)rist/ n.  1  the Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed ; also called 亦称作 (Holy) Communion, the Lord's Supper, the Mass 圣餐仪式(纪念耶稣最后的晚餐的仪式，仪式中要供奉和享用面包和红酒) 2  the consecrated elements, esp. the bread 圣餐供品(尤指面包)  receive the Eucharist  接受圣餐 □ Eucharistic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ Eucharistical  /-ˈristik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French eucariste, ultimately via ecclesiastical Greek eukharistia ‘thanksgiving’ from Greek eukharistos ‘grateful’ (as EU-, kharizomai ‘offer willingly’)]

euchre /ˈju:kə/ n. & v. ●n.  an American card game for two, three, or four players 尤克(美国一种纸牌游戏，供 2 人、 3 人或 4 人玩) ●v. tr.  1 (in euchre) gain the advantage over (another player) when that player fails to take three tricks (尤克牌戏)因对手未拿到 3 墩牌而得分 2  deceive, outwit 欺骗，以计取胜，以智取胜 3 Austral.  exhaust, ruin [澳]精疲力竭；毁坏 [19th c.: German dialect Jucker (spiel)]

Euclidean /ju:ˈklidiən/ adj.  of or relating to Euclid, 3rd-c. BC Alexandrian geometrician (公元前 3 世纪亚力山大时代几何学家)欧几里德的，与欧几里德有关的 [Latin Euclideus from Greek Eukleideios]

Euclidean geometry n.  the geometry of ordinary experience, in which the postulates of Euclid are valid (cf. 参见 NON-EUCLIDEAN) 欧几里德几何学

Euclidean space n.  space for which Euclidean geometry is valid 欧几里德空间

eudemonic /ju:di:ˈmɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 eudaemonic)  conducive to happiness 幸福的；幸福学的 [Greek eudaimonikos (as EUDEMONISM)]

eudemonism /ju:ˈdi:məniz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 eudaemonism)  a system of ethics that bases moral obligation on the likelihood of actions producing happiness 幸福论(一种认为道德义务应取决于行为是否产生快乐感的学说) □ eudemonist  n.  □ eudemonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [Greek eudaimonismos ‘system of happiness’ from eudaimōn ‘happy’ (as EU-, daimōn ‘guardian spirit’)]

eudiometer /ju:diˈɒmitə/ n. Chem.  a graduated glass tube in which gases may be chemically combined by an electric spark, used to measure changes in volume of gases during chemical reactions 【化】量气管 □ eudiometric  /-diəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ eudiometrical  /-diəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ eudiometry  n.   [Greek eudios ‘clear (weather) ’: originally used to measure the amount of oxygen, thought to be greater in clear air]

Eugene /ju:ˈʒein, ˈju:dʒi:n/   尤金 [人名]

eugenics /ju:ˈdʒeniks/ n.  the science of improving the (esp. human) population by controlled breeding for desirable inherited characteristics 优生学 □ eugenic  adj.  □ eugenically  adv.  □ eugenicist  /ju:ˈdʒenisist/ n.  □ eugenist  /ˈju:dʒinist/ n.   [EU- + -GEN + -ICS]

euglena /ju:ˈɡli:nə/ n. Biol.  a single-celled freshwater flagellate of the genus Euglena, which can form a green scum on stagnant water 【生】眼虫(藻)，裸藻 [modern Latin genus name, from EU- + Greek glēnē ‘eyeball, socket of joint’]

eukaryote /ju:ˈkæriəʊt/ n. (also 亦作 eucaryote) Biol.  an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus (cf. 参见 PROKARYOTE) 【生】真核细胞 □ eukaryotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [EU- + KARYO- + -ote as in ZYGOTE]

eulogium /ju:ˈləʊdʒiəm/ n. (pl. eulogia /-dʒiə/ or -ums)  = EULOGY  [medieval Latin: see EULOGY]

eulogize /ˈju:lədʒaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  praise in speech or writing (口头或书面的)称赞，颂扬，夸奖 □ eulogist  n.  □ eulogistic  /-ˈdʒistik/ adj.  □ eulogistically  /-ˈdʒistik(ə)li/ adv.  

eulogy /ˈju:lədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  speech or writing in praise of a person 赞语，颂词，颂文b  an expression of praise 赞许，称颂 2 US  a funeral oration in praise of a person [美] (称颂亡人的)悼词，悼文 [medieval Latin eulogium from Late Latin eulogia ‘praise’ (apparently by confusion with Latin elogium ‘epitaph’), from Greek]

Eunice /ˈju:nis/   尤妮斯 [人名]

eunuch /ˈju:nək/ n.  1  a castrated man, esp. one formerly employed at an oriental harem or court 太监，阉人(尤指东方伊斯兰教闺房里或宫庭雇佣的) 2  a person lacking effectiveness 无能力的人，做事无效率的人  political eunuch  政治阉人 [Middle English via Latin eunuchus from Greek eunoukhos, literally ‘bedchamber attendant’ from eunē ‘bed’ + second element related to ekhō ‘hold’]

euonymus /ju:ˈɒniməs/ n.  any tree or shrub of the genus Euonymus, e.g. the spindle tree 卫矛；卫矛属植物 [Latin from Greek euōnumos ‘of lucky name’ (as EU-, onoma ‘name’)]

eupeptic /ju:ˈpeptik/ adj.  of or having good digestion 消化力好的，消化力强的 [Greek eupeptos (as EU-, peptō ‘digest’)]

euphemism /ˈju:fimiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a mild or vague expression substituted for one thought to be too harsh or direct (e.g. 如 pass over for die 用“去世”代替“死”) 委婉语 2  the use of such expressions 使用委婉语 □ euphemist  n.  □ euphemistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  □ euphemistically  /-ˈmistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ euphemize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Greek euphēmismos from euphēmos (as EU-, phēmē ‘speaking’)]

euphonious /ju:ˈfəʊniəs/ adj.  1  sounding pleasant, harmonious 悦耳的，和谐的 2  concerning euphony 与言语动听(声音悦耳)有关的 □ euphoniously  adv.  

euphonium /ju:ˈfəʊniəm/ n.  a brass wind instrument of the tuba family 尤风宁号(一种次中音大号) [modern Latin, from Greek euphōnos (as EUPHONY)]

euphony /ˈju:f(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  pleasantness of sound, esp. of a word or phrase; harmony 悦耳动听的声音(尤指言词)；和谐，和声b  a pleasant sound 乐音，谐音 2  the tendency to make a phonetic change for ease of pronunciation 使发音自如的变音倾向 □ euphonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.  □ euphonize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French euphonie via Late Latin euphonia from Greek euphōnia (as EU-, phōnē ‘sound’)]

euphorbia /ju:ˈfɔ:biə/ n.  any plant of the genus Euphorbia, including spurges 大戟，大戟属植物 [Middle English from Latin euphorbea from Euphorbus, the name of a 1st-c. Greek physician]

euphoria /ju:ˈfɔ:riə/ n.  a feeling of well-being, esp. one based on overconfidence or over-optimism 心情愉快，心满意足(尤指由过分自信、过分乐观而产生的悦感) □ euphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.  □ euphorically  /-ˈfɒrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek from euphoros ‘borne well, healthy’ (as EU-, pherō ‘bear’)]

euphoriant /ju:ˈfɔ:riənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  inducing euphoria 心情愉快的，心满意足的，兴奋的 ●n.  a euphoriant drug 欣快剂(一种让人产生快感的药物)

Euphrates /ju:ˈfreiti:z/ n.  幼发拉底河(流经土耳其、叙利亚和伊拉克) [亚洲]

euphuism /ˈju:fjʊiz(ə)m/ n.  an affected or high-flown style of writing or speaking 矫揉造作的文章(或讲话)，绮丽的文章(或言辞) □ euphuist  n.  □ euphuistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ euphuistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek euphuēs ‘well endowed by nature’: originally of writing imitating Lyly's Euphues (1578 － 80)]

Eurasian /jʊ(ə)rˈeiʃ(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of mixed European and Asian (formerly esp. Indian) parentage 欧亚混血的(以前尤指印度的) 2  of Europe and Asia 欧亚的 ●n.  a Eurasian person 欧亚混血人

Euratom /jʊ(ə)rˈætəm/ n.  European Atomic Energy Community 欧洲原子能委员会 [abbreviation]

eureka /jʊ(ə)ˈri:kə/ int. & n. ●int.  I have found it! (expressing joy at a discovery etc.) 我找到了！ (发现时表示高兴的呼语) ●n.  an exultant cry of ‘eureka’ 高叫， ‘eureka’ 表示高兴 [Greek heurēka, 1st person sing. perfect of heuriskō ‘find’: attributed to Archimedes]

eurhythmic /jʊ(ə)ˈriðmik/ adj.  of or in harmonious proportion (esp. of architecture) (尤指建筑)比例和谐的 [eurhythmy ‘harmony of proportions’ via Latin eur(h)ythmia from Greek eurhuthmia (as EU-, rhuthmos ‘proportion, rhythm’)]

eurhythmics /jʊ(ə)ˈriðmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数) (US [美] eurythmics)  harmony of bodily movement, esp. as developed with music and dance into a system of education 韵律操，(尤指)学生做的韵律操

eurhythmy /jʊ(ə)ˈriðmi/ n. (US [美] eurythmy)  = EURHYTHMICS 

Euro /ˈjʊərəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  European  ●n.  1  a European 欧洲人 2  a Eurodollar 欧洲美元 [abbreviation]

Euro- /ˈjʊərəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  Europe, European  [abbreviation]

euro /ˈjʊərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a large reddish wallaby, Macropus robustus 岩大袋鼠 [Adnyamathanha yuru]

Eurobond /ˈjʊərəʊbɒnd/ n.  an international bond issued outside the country in whose currency its value is stated 欧洲股票(非欧洲国家公司在欧洲发行的以该国货币结算的国际股票)

Eurocentric /jʊərəʊˈsentrik/ adj.  having or regarding Europe as its centre; presupposing the supremacy of Europe and Europeans 欧洲中心的(认为欧洲和欧洲人优越的说法或认识) □ Eurocentrism  n.   [EURO- + -CENTRIC]

Eurocheque /ˈjʊərəʊtʃek/ n.  1  a cheque issued under a banking arrangement enabling account-holders from one European country to use their cheques in another 欧洲支票(一种在欧洲各国通用的支票) 2  this arrangement 欧洲支票的安排

Eurocommunism /jʊərəʊˈkɒmjʊniz(ə)m/ n.  a form of Communism in western European countries 欧洲共产主义(西欧一些国家中的共产主义) □ Eurocommunist  adj. & n.  

Eurocrat /ˈjʊərə(ʊ)kræt/ n. usu. derog.  a bureaucrat in the administration of the European Union [通常贬]欧盟管理层的官僚

Euro-currency /ˈjʊərə(ʊ)ˌkʌr(ə)nsi/ n.  money held outside the country (usu. the US or Japan) in whose currency its value is stated 外国(通常为美国和日本)持有的欧洲货币

Eurodollar /ˈjʊərəʊˌdɒlə/ n.  a dollar held outside the US (not necessarily in Europe) 欧洲美元，外埠美元

Euro-election /ˈjʊərəʊiˌlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  an election held for the European Parliament 欧洲议会选举

Euromarket /ˈjʊərəʊˌmɑ:kit/ n.  1  the European money market 欧洲(金融)市场 2  the market of a particular Euro-currency 欧币市场

Euro-MP n.  a member of the European Parliament 欧洲议会议员

Europe /ˈjʊərəp/ n.  1  a continent of the northern hemisphere 欧洲，欧洲大陆 2  the European Union 欧洲联盟 [Greek Eurōpē]

European /jʊərəˈpi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or in Europe 欧洲的 2  a  descended from natives of Europe 欧洲人后裔的b  originating in or characteristic of Europe 源于欧洲的，有欧洲特点的 3  a  happening in or extending over Europe 在欧洲发生的，扩展至欧洲的b  concerning Europe as a whole rather than its individual countries 统一欧洲的，欧洲大家庭的 4  of or relating to the European Union 欧盟的 ●n.  1  a  a native or inhabitant of Europe 欧洲人b  a person descended from natives of Europe 欧洲人后裔c  a white person 白人，欧罗巴人 2  a person concerned with European matters 与欧洲事物有关的人 □ Europeanism  n.  □ Europeanize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Europeanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French européen via Latin europaeus, from Europa, from Greek Eurōpē ‘Europe’]

European Community n.  an economic and political association of certain European countries as a unit with internal free trade and common external tariffs 欧洲共同体■Usage 用法说明 The European Community (EC) was formed in 1967 from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). The name ‘European Communities’ is used in legal contexts where the three distinct organizations are recognized. The name ‘European Economic Community’ (EEC) is sometimes used loosely for the merged organization. In November 1993 the EC became known as the European Union (EU). 欧共体是于 1967 年成立的，由欧洲煤钢联营、欧洲经济共同体及欧洲原子能联营合并而成。“ European Communities ”一词用于这三个组织视为独立机构的法律文本中。 European Economic Community (EEC) 欧洲经济共同体这个名字有时不严谨，用来表示合在一起的整个组织。 1993 年 11 月，欧洲共同体 (EC) 改称为欧洲联盟，简称欧盟 (EU) 。 

European Economic Community  see note at EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. 见 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 的注释。

European plan n. N. Amer.  a system of charging for a hotel room only without meals [北美]欧洲收费制(旅馆费中不包括餐费的收费制度)

europium /jʊ(ə)rˈəʊpiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in small quantities (Symbol 符 Eu) 【化】(化学元素)铕 [modern Latin, from Europe]

Euro-rebel /ˈjʊərəʊˌreb(ə)l/ n.  a person who does not share his or her political party's enthusiasm for the European Union (政党中)不热中于加入欧盟的人士，反对加入欧盟的人士

Euro-sceptic /ˈjʊərəʊˌskeptik/ n.  a person who is not enthusiastic about increasing the powers of the European Union 对加强欧盟势力不感兴趣的人士

Eurovision /ˈjʊərəviʒ(ə)n/ n.  a network of European television production administered by the European Broadcasting Union 欧洲电视网(归欧洲广播联合会管辖)

eurythmics US var.  of EURHYTHMICS [美] EURHYTHMICS 的变体

eurythmy US var.  of EURHYTHMY [美] EURHYTHMY 的变体

Eustachian tube /ju:ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n. Anat.  a tube leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear and equalizing the pressure on each side of the eardrum 【解】咽鼓管，耳咽管，欧氏管 [Latin Eustachius = B. Eustachio, Italian anatomist d. 1574]

eustasy /ˈju:stəsi/ n.  a change in sea level throughout the world caused by tectonic movements, melting of glaciers, etc. 海(平)面升降(因地质构造运动、冰山融化等引起的海平面变化) □ eustatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [back-formation from German eustatisch (adj.) (as EU-, STATIC)]

eutectic /ju:ˈtektik/ adj. & n. Chem. 【化】  ●adj. (of a mixture, alloy, etc.) having the lowest freezing point of any possible proportions of its constituents (指混合物、合金等)低共熔的 ●n.  a eutectic mixture 低共熔混合物 [Greek eutēktos (as EU-, tēkō ‘melt’)]

eutectic point n. (also 亦作 eutectic temperature)  the minimum freezing point for a eutectic mixture 低共熔点

euthanasia /ju:θəˈneiziə/ n.  1  the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease 无痛苦致死(术)，安乐死(术) 2  such a death 安乐死，安然去世 [Greek (as EU-, thanatos ‘death’)]

eutherian /ju:ˈθiəriən/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a mammal of the infraclass Eutheria, giving nourishment to its unborn young through a placenta (as in humans) 真哺乳亚纲动物 ●adj.  of or relating to this infraclass, which includes all mammals except marsupials and monotremes 真哺乳亚纲的(包括除有袋类动物和单孔类动物外的所有哺乳动物) [EU- + Greek thēr ‘wild beast’]

eutrophic /ju:ˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒf-/ adj. (of a lake etc.) rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen (指湖泊等)富营养的，高度营养化的 □ eutrophicate  v. tr.  □ eutrophication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eutrophy  /ˈju:trəfi/ n.   [eutrophy from Greek eutrophia (as EU-, trephō ‘nourish’)]

eV abbr. [缩略]  electronvolt 

EVA abbr. (in astronautics) extravehicular activity [缩略] (宇航中的)舱外活动

evacuate /iˈvækjʊeit/ v. tr.  1  a  remove (people) from a place of danger to stay elsewhere for the duration of the danger 疏散；撤离(人)；转移(至安全地区)b  empty (a place) in this way (地区)疏散，(地区)撤空 2  make empty (a vessel of air etc.) 排空；遣空(有气体的容器等) 3 (of troops) withdraw from (a place) (军队等)撤离，撤出(某地) 4  a  empty (the bowels or other bodily organ) (肠管或脏器的)排空，排完b  discharge (faeces etc.) 排泄(粪便等) □ evacuant  n. & adj.  □ evacuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evacuative  /-kjʊətiv/ adj. & n.  □ evacuator  n.   [Latin evacuare (as E-, vacuus ‘empty’)]

evacuee /iˌvækju:ˈi:/ n.  a person evacuated from a place of danger 撤离人员，被疏散者

evade /iˈveid/ v. tr.  1  a  escape from, avoid, esp. by guile or trickery 逃走，躲避(尤指通过施用诡计或骗术而逃脱)b  avoid doing (one's duty etc.) 躲避，逃避，规避(责任、义务等)c  avoid answering (a question) or yielding to (an argument) 回避(回答)；屈从(争论) 2  a  avoid paying (tax) by illegitimate presentation of one's finances (通过谎报财政情况来)逃(税)，漏(税)b  defeat the intention of (a law etc.), esp. while complying with its letter 挫败、规避(法律等) (尤指通过遵守法律字面意义) 3 (of a thing) elude or baffle (a person) (某事使某人)为难；困惑 □ evadable  adj.  □ evader  n.   [French évader from Latin evadere (as E-, vadere vas- ‘go’)]

evaginate /iˈvædʒineit/ v. tr. Med. & Physiol.  turn (a tubular organ) inside out 【医】【生理】(管状器官)外翻，使外翻 □ evagination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin evaginare (as E-, vaginare as VAGINA)]

evaluate /iˈvæljʊeit/ v. tr.  1  assess, appraise 评估，评价 2  a  find or state the number or amount of 估值，估数b  find a numerical expression for 求…的数值；以数表示 □ evaluation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evaluative  /-ətiv/ adj.  □ evaluator  n.   [back-formation from evaluation, from French évaluation from évaluer (as E-, VALUE)]

evanesce /i:vəˈnes, ev-/ v. intr.  1  fade from sight; disappear (从视觉中)消失，隐没 2  become effaced 抹掉；消散 [Latin evanescere (as E-, vanus ‘empty’)]

evanescent /i:vəˈnes(ə)nt, ev-/ adj. (of an impression or appearance etc.) quickly fading (指表情或外观)迅速消失的，很快消散的 □ evanescence  n.  □ evanescently  adv.  

evangel /iˈvæn(d)ʒel, -(d)ʒ(ə)l/ n.  1 archaic [古义]  a  the gospel 福音书b  any of the four Gospels 四福音书之一 2  a basic doctrine or set of principles 基本原则或方针，纲领 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = EVANGELIST  [Middle English via Old French evangile and ecclesiastical Latin evangelium from Greek euaggelion ‘good news’ (as EU-, ANGEL)]

evangelic /i:vænˈdʒelik, ev-/ adj.  = EVANGELICAL 

evangelical /i:vænˈdʒelik(ə)l, ev-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or according to the teaching of the gospel or the Christian religion 按福音书教义的，按基督教教义的 2  of a branch of Protestant Christianity emphasizing the authority of Scripture, personal conversion, and the doctrine of salvation by faith in the Atonement 新教的，原罪主义教派的 3  zealously advocating a cause (对事业)狂热的，热情鼓吹的 ●n.  a member of the evangelical tradition 信奉福音主义传统者 □ evangelicalism  n.  □ evangelically  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin evangelicus from ecclesiastical Greek euaggelikos (as EVANGEL)]

evangelism /iˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the preaching or promulgation of the gospel 福音传道或布道 2  zealous advocacy of a cause or doctrine (对事业或原则的)狂热鼓吹，热心宣传

evangelist /iˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)list/ n.  1  any of the writers of the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) 四福音书(马太、马可、路加、约翰)的作者 2  a preacher of the gospel 福音传教士，福音传道者 3  a lay person doing missionary work 传教布道的平信徒

evangelistic /iˌvæn(d)ʒəˈlistik/ adj.  1  of or relating to evangelism 福音传道的；有关福音传道的 2  of the four evangelists 四福音书作者

evangelize /iˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  preach the gospel to 向…宣讲福音，向…布道 2  convert (a person) to Christianity 使…信奉基督教，使…成为教徒 □ evangelization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evangelizer  n.   [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin evangelizare from Greek euaggelizomai (as EVANGEL)]

evaporate /iˈvæpəreit/ v.  1 intr.  turn from solid or liquid into vapour (使固体或液休)汽化，蒸发，升腾 2 intr. & tr.  lose or cause to lose moisture as vapour 散发湿气；散发蒸气 3 intr. & tr.  disappear or cause to disappear 消失；使消失  our courage evaporated  我们的勇气消失了 □ evaporable  adj.  □ evaporation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evaporative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ evaporator  n.   [Latin evaporare (as E-, vaporare as VAPOUR)]

evaporated milk n.  milk concentrated by partial evaporation 淡炼乳，浓缩奶

evaporite /iˈvæpərait/ n. Geol.  a natural salt or mineral deposit formed by evaporation of water 【地质】蒸发盐，蒸发岩(水分蒸发后自然沉淀的盐分或矿物) [EVAPORATE + -ITE1]

evasion /iˈveiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of evading 逃避，躲避，规避 2  a  a subterfuge or prevaricating excuse 托词，搪塞的借口b  an evasive answer 推托的回答，敷衍了事的回答 [Middle English via Old French from Latin evasio -onis (as EVADE)]

evasive /iˈveisiv/ adj.  1  seeking to evade something 逃避的，躲避的，回避的 2  not direct in one's answers etc. (回答)转弯抹角的，间接的 3  enabling or effecting evasion 供逃避的，供躲避的  evasive action  逃避行动 4 (of a person) tending to evasion; habitually practising evasion (指人)倾向于逃避的，总爱逃避的 □ evasively  adv.  □ evasiveness  n.  

Eve /i:v/   伊夫 [人名]

eve /i:v/ n.  1  the evening or day before a church festival or any date or event …的前夜  Christmas Eve  圣诞夜 the eve of the funeral  该葬礼的前夜 2  the time just before anything 前夕  the eve of the election  选举前夕 3 archaic  evening [古义]夜晚 [Middle English, = EVEN2]

evection /iˈvekʃ(ə)n/ n. Astron.  a perturbation of the moon's motion caused by the sun's attraction 【天】(由太阳引力造成的)出差，月动差 [Latin evectio (as E-, vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

Evelyn /ˈi:vlin, ˈevlin/   伊夫林 [人名]

even1 /ˈi:v(ə)n/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (evener, evenest)  1  level; flat and smooth 平的，扁平的；平稳的 2  a  uniform in quality; constant 一样的；统一的b  equal in number, amount, value, score, etc. 等量的；等值的c  equally balanced 平衡的，均衡的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  in the same plane or line 在同一平面或同一行的 4 (of a person's temper etc.) equable, calm (指人的脾气等)平静的，心平气和的，镇静的 5  a (of a number such as 4, 6) divisible by two without a remainder 偶数的b  bearing such a number 成双的，偶数的  no parking on even dates  双日禁止停车c  not involving fractions; exact 无小数的，整的  in even dozens  整打的 ●adv.  1  used to invite comparison of the stated assertion, negation, etc., with an implied one that is less strong or remarkable (用在表示程度，否定等含义的比较句中)甚至，更  never even opened  [let alone read] the letter  这封信甚至都没有启封(更甭说读了) does he even suspect  [not to say realize] the danger?  他甚至都没有怀疑过(更不要说会认识到)有危险 ran even faster  [not just as fast as before] 跑得比以前更快(不仅仅和以前一样快) even if my watch is right we shall be late  [later if it is slow] 即使我的表是准的，我们也将迟到(如果表慢的话，我们就更晚了) 2  used to introduce an extreme case 表示极端情况  even you must realize it  就是你也必须认识到这点 it might even cost £ 100  费用甚至可能会高达 100 英镑 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up or out)  make or become even 使平整，使平，扯平 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) archaic  treat as equal or comparable [古义]平等对待，使平等，使可比较 □ even as   at the very moment that 甚至当…时□ even now   1  now as well as before 甚至现在…；即使现在… 2  at this very moment 此时此刻□ even so   1  notwithstanding that; nevertheless 尽管这样 2  quite so 非常，特别 3  in that case as well as in others 往往，通常□ even though   despite the fact that 尽管，即使□ get (or be) even with   have one's revenge on 摆平了，报仇了□ of even date  Law & Commerce  of the same date 【法律】【商业】同日，同期□ on an even keel   1 (of a ship or aircraft) not listing (船或飞机)未倾斜的 2 (of a plan or person) untroubled (指计划或人)未受干扰的，平稳的□ evenly  adv.  □ evenness  /ˈi:v(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English efen, efne]

even2 /ˈi:v(ə)n/ n. poet.  evening [诗]夜晚，傍晚 [Old English œˉfen]

even break n. colloq.  an equal chance [口]平等机会，平等机遇

even chance n.  an equal chance of success or failure (成功或失败)机会均等，(胜败)机会相当

even-handed adj.  impartial, fair 公平的，公正的，不偏不倚的 □ even-handedly  adv.  □ even-handedness  n.  

evening /ˈi:v(ə)niŋ/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the end part of the day, esp. from about 6 p.m., or sunset if earlier, to bedtime 晚上，夜间，(尤指)从下午 6 点钟或日落时到入睡前的那段时间  this evening  今晚 during the evening  夜晚期间 evening meal  晚饭 2  this time spent in a particular way 以某种特别方式度过的夜晚  had a lively evening  过了一个愉快的夜晚 3  a time compared with this, esp. the last part of a person's life 暮年，晚年 ●int. colloq. [口]  = good evening (see 见 GOOD adj. 14)  [Old English œˉfnung, related to EVEN2]

evening dress n.  formal dress for evening wear 晚礼服

evening primrose n.  any plant of the genus Oenothera with pale yellow flowers that open in the evening, and from whose seeds an oil is extracted for medicinal use 月见草(属植物)

evening star n.  a planet, esp. Venus, when visible in the west after sunset 昏星，(尤指日落后出现在西部天空的)金星

even money n. & adj. ●n.  betting odds offering the gambler the chance of winning the amount he or she stake 与赌博者下注相等的赌注，同额赌注 ●adj.  equally likely to happen or not (发生或不发生)机会均等的  it's even money he'll fail to arrive  他来与不来的可能性相当，他恐怕不会来了

evens /ˈi:v(ə)nz/ n. pl. Brit. [英]  = EVEN MONEY 

evensong /ˈi:v(ə)nsɒŋ/ n.  a service of evening prayer, esp. that of Anglican churches 晚祷(尤指英国圣公会的) [EVEN2 + SONG]

event /iˈvent/ n.  1  a thing that happens or takes place, esp. one of importance 事件，发生的事(尤指较重要的) 2  a  the fact of a thing's occurring 事件的发生b  a result or outcome 结果，后果 3  an item in a sports programme, or the programme as a whole 体育比赛项目 4 Physics  a single occurrence of a process, e.g. the ionization of one atom 【物理学】事件，(某一过程的)发生(如一个原子的电离过程) 5  something on the result of which money is staked 下了赌注的事件 □ at all events (or in any event)   whatever happens 无论如何，在任何情况下□ in the event   as it turns (or turned) out 事实表明，结果，到头来□ in the event of   if (a specified thing) happens 如果发生…事，在…情况下  in the event of his death  如果他去世了 in the event of our losing  如果我们输了的话□ in the event that  disp.  if it happens that [异议]如果，一旦 [Latin eventus from evenire event- ‘happen’ (as E-, venire ‘come’)]■Usage 用法说明 In the event that is considered awkward by some people. It can usually be avoided by rephrasing, e.g. in the event that it rains can be replaced by in the event of rain. 词组 in the event that 常被一些人看作是蹩脚的用法。可以用 in the event of 来替换，如 in the event that it rains 可改为 in the event of rain 。 

even-tempered adj.  not easily annoyed or angered; equable 脾气平和的；不易激动的

eventer /iˈventə/ n. Brit.  a horse or rider who takes part in horse trials [英]马术比赛中的马或骑手 [EVENT 3 as in three day event]

eventful /iˈventfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  marked by noteworthy events 出现事件的，引人注目的 □ eventfully  adv.  □ eventfulness  n.  

event horizon n.  the gravitational boundary enclosing a black hole, from which no light escapes 视界，事界(天文学概念：黑洞中看不见的引力边缘，连光线也无法从中逃逸)

eventide /i:v(ə)ntaid/ n. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  = EVENING  [Old English œˉfentīd (as EVEN2, TIDE)]

eventide home n. esp. Brit.  a home for the elderly, originally one run by the Salvation Army [尤英]老人院，敬老院(最早由基督教救世军经办)

eventing /iˈventiŋ/ n. Brit.  participation in horse trials, esp. cross-country, dressage, and showjumping [英]参加马术比赛，(尤指)参加越野赛、盛装舞步、跳越障碍等全部比赛 [EVENT 3 as in three-day event]

eventless /iˈventlis/ adj.  without noteworthy or remarkable events 寻常的，平淡的，没有惊人事件的

eventual /iˈven(t)ʃʊəl/ adj.  occurring or existing in due course or at last; ultimate 最终的，最后的 □ eventually  adv.   [as EVENT, on the pattern of actual]

eventuality /iˌven(t)ʃʊˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a possible event or outcome 可能发生的事件(或可能产生的结果)

eventuate /iˈven(t)ʃʊeit/ v. intr. formal [正式]  1  turn out in a specified way as the result 以…为结果，产生…的结果 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  result 结果，结局 □ eventuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [as EVENT, on the pattern of actuate]

ever /ˈevə/ adv.  1  at all times; always 永远；始终  ever hopeful  永怀希望 ever after  从此以后 2  at any time 曾经，以往任何时候  have you ever been to Paris?  你去过巴黎吗？ nothing ever happens  从来没发生过什么事 as good as ever  像从前一样好 3  as an emphatic word 用作强调词 :a  in any way; at all 到底；究竟  how ever did you do it?  你到底是怎么做的？ when will they ever learn?  他们究竟什么时候才能学会呀？b (prec. by 前接 as)  in any manner possible 尽可能  be as quick as ever you can  尽可能地快跑 4 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  constantly 经常，时常  ever-present  始终存在的 ever-recurring  经常重现的 5 (foll. by 后跟 so, such) Brit. colloq.  very; very much [英口]非常；很  is ever so easy  再容易不过了 was ever such a nice man  是非常好的人 thanks ever so  非常感谢 6 (foll. by 后跟 compar.)  constantly, continually; increasingly 经常地，不断地；连续地  grew ever larger  不断长大 ever more sophisticated  越来越精致 □ did you ever?  colloq.  did you ever hear or see the like? [口]你从前听(见)过这种事吗？□ ever since   throughout the period since 从…时起，此后一直□ for ever   1  for all future time 永远 2 colloq.  for a long time (cf. 参见 FOREVER) [口]长期，长久 [Old English œˉfre]■Usage 用法说明 When ever is used with a question word for emphasis it is written separately (see sense 3). When used with a relative pronoun or adverb to give it indefinite or general force, ever is written as one word with the relative pronoun or adverb, e.g. However it's done, it's difficult. 当 ever 与疑问词一起，用来表示强调语气时，它与该词分开写(见释义 3) 。当与关系代词或副词一起用来表示一种不确指或泛指的语气时，它与关系代词或副词是合在一起的。如 However it's done, it's difficult (无论怎么做，都很困难)。 

evergreen /ˈevəɡri:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  always green or fresh 常青的，永葆青春的；常绿的 2 (of a plant) retaining green leaves throughout the year (植物)常绿的，常青的 ●n.  an evergreen plant (cf. 参见 DECIDUOUS) 常绿植物

everlasting /evəˈlɑ:stiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting for ever 永存的，长久不衰的，永恒的 2  lasting for a long time, esp. so as to become unwelcome 长期存在的，没完没了的(尤指存在时间太长以致变得不受欢迎) 3 (of flowers) keeping their shape and colour when dried (花)干后保持形状和颜色的 ●n.  1  eternity 永久，不朽，永存 2  = IMMORTELLE  □ everlastingly  adv.  □ everlastingness  n.  

evermore /evəˈmɔ:/ adv.  for ever; always 永久；总是，永远(地)

evert /iˈvɜ:t/ v. tr. Physiol.  turn (an organ etc.) outwards or inside out 【生理】使(器官等)外翻 □ eversion  n.   [Latin evertere (as E-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

every /ˈevri/ det.  1  each without exception in a group or collection of things or people (群体中的)每一个  heard every word  听到每个词 watched her every movement  注视她的每个行动 2  each at a specified interval in a series 每隔…的；每…之中的  take every third one  隔两个取一个 comes every four days  每 4 天来一次 3  all possible; the utmost degree of 所有可能；最…的  there is every prospect of success  胜利是一定的了 □ every bit as  colloq. (in comparisons) quite as [口] (用于比较)处处，全都  every bit as good  处处都不错□ every now and again (or now and then)   from time to time 不时地，时常□ every other   each second in a series 隔一个，每隔一个  every other day  隔天□ every so often   at intervals; occasionally 偶尔；有时□ every time  colloq. [口]  1  without exception 无一例外，每次都… 2  certainly 肯定地□ every which way  N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  in all directions 四面八方，到处，处处 2  in a disorderly manner 杂乱，纷乱 [Old English œˉfre œˉlc ‘ever each’]

everybody /ˈevribɒdi/ pron.  every person 每位，每个人，人人

everyday /ˈevridei, -ˈdei/ adj.  1  occurring every day 每天的，天天的 2  suitable for or used on ordinary days 日常的，日用的，每日的 3  commonplace, usual 通常的，平常的

Everyman /ˈevrimæn/ n.  the ordinary or typical human being 普通人，大众，老百姓 [the name of the principal character in a 15th-c. morality play]

every one n.  each one (see also 另见 EVERYONE) 每一个

everyone /ˈevriwʌn/ pron.  every person; everybody 每人，每位，人人

everything /ˈevriθiŋ/ pron.  1  all things; all the things of a group or class 每样事物；(群体的)全体，全部 2 colloq. [口]  a  a great deal 大量，许多  he owes her everything  他欠她很多b  the essential consideration 最重要的，最关键的，最需要考虑的  speed is everything  速度就是一切 □ have everything  colloq.  possess every attraction, advantage, etc. [口]具有各种吸引力的，非常有优势的

everywhere /ˈevriwɛə/ adv.  1  in every place 处处，每处 2 colloq.  in many places [口]在许多地方

evict /iˈvikt/ v. tr.  expel (a tenant) from a property by legal process (通过法律程序将房客驱)逐出，撵走 □ eviction  n.  □ evictor  n.   [Latin evincere evict- (as E-, vincere ‘conquer’)]

evidence /ˈevid(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, of)  the available facts, circumstances, etc. supporting or otherwise a belief, proposition, etc., or indicating whether or not a thing is true or valid 证据，证明，事实根据 2 Law 【法律】  a  information given personally or drawn from a document etc. and tending to prove a fact or proposition 口供，证据，证明，依据b  statements or proofs admissible as testimony in a law court 证言，证词；证物 3  clearness, obviousness 明显，清楚 ●v. tr.  be evidence of; attest 证明；证实 □ call in evidence  Law  summon (a person) as a witness 【法律】传唤(证人)□ in evidence   noticeable, conspicuous 可看见的；明显的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin evidentia (as EVIDENT)]

evident /ˈevid(ə)nt/ adj.  plain or obvious (visually or intellectually); manifest 清楚的；明显的，显而易见的；明白的 [Middle English from Old French evident or Latin evidēre evident- (as E-, vidēre ‘see’)]

evidential /eviˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of or providing evidence 证据的；提供证明的，可证实的 □ evidentially  adv.  

evidentiary /eviˈdenʃ(ə)ri/ adj.  = EVIDENTIAL 

evidently /ˈevid(ə)ntli/ adv.  1  plainly, obviously 明显地，清淅地，清楚地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence) it is plain that; it would seem that (修饰全句)显而易见；很显然…  evidently, we're too late  很显然，我们晚了 3 (said in reply) so it appears 这么说，看起来(回答时用)

evil /ˈi:v(ə)l, -vil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  morally bad; wicked 坏的，邪恶的；罪恶的 2  harmful or tending to harm, esp. intentionally or characteristically 有害的，造成伤害的；加害于…的 3  disagreeable or unpleasant 烦人的，令人不快的，坏的  has an evil temper  脾气坏 4  unlucky; causing misfortune 倒霉的；不走运的，背运的  evil days  倒霉的日子 ●n.  1  an evil thing; an instance of something evil 邪恶的事物 2  evil quality; wickedness, harm 不道德；邪恶；有害 □ speak evil of   slander 诽谤，讲…的坏话□ evilly  adv.  □ evilness  n.   [Old English yfel, from Germanic]

evildoer /ˈi:v(ə)ldu:ə/ n.  a person who does evil 恶人，坏人 □ evildoing  n.  

evil eye n.  a gaze or stare superstitiously believed to be able to cause material harm 邪恶的目光，恶目(迷信的说法认为这种目光能给人带来实际的伤害)

evince /iˈvins/ v. tr.  1  indicate or make evident 表明，使清楚 2  show that one has (a quality) 展现，展示(某种性质) □ evincible  adj.  □ evincive  adj.   [Latin evincere: see EVICT]

eviscerate /iˈvisəreit/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  disembowel 切除…的肠子，除去…的内脏 2  empty or deprive of essential contents 去掉基本内容，排空 □ evisceration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin eviscerare eviscerat- (as E-, VISCERA)]

evocative /iˈvɒkətiv/ adj.  tending to evoke (esp. feelings or memories) 会唤起的，会引起的(尤指情感或记忆) □ evocatively  adv.  □ evocativeness  n.  

evoke /iˈvəʊk/ v. tr.  1  inspire or draw forth (memories, feelings, a response, etc.) 刺激，激发，引起(记忆、情感、反应等) 2  = INVOKE 3  □ evocation  /evəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evoker  n.   [Latin evocare (as E-, vocare ‘call’)]

evolute /ˈi:vəlu:t, -lju:t, ˈev-/ n. (in full 全称 evolute curve) Math.  a curve which is the locus of the centres of curvature of another curve that is its involute 【数】渐屈线 [Latin evolutus, past part. of evolvere (as EVOLVE)]

evolution /i:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-, ˈev-/ n.  1  gradual development, esp. from a simple to a more complex form 进化，演化(尤指从简单到复杂) 2  a process by which species develop from earlier forms, as an explanation of their origins 生物进化 3  the appearance or presentation of events etc. in due succession (事件等)进展，进程  the evolution of the plot  情节的渐次展开 4  a change in the disposition of troops or ships 改变(军队或舰船的)部署，(军队的)调动 5  the giving off or evolving of gas, heat, etc. (气体、热量等的)排放 6  an opening out 排放，泄出 7  the unfolding of a curve (曲线的)展开 8 Math.  the extraction of a root from any given power (cf. 参见 INVOLUTION 6) 【数】开方 □ evolutional  adj.  □ evolutionally  adv.  □ evolutionary  adj.  □ evolutionarily  adv.   [Latin evolutio ‘unrolling’ (as EVOLVE)]

evolutionist /i:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)nist, -ˈlju:-, e-/ n.  a person who believes in evolution as explaining the origin of species 生物进化论者，信奉进化论者 □ evolutionism  n.  □ evolutionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

evolve /iˈvɒlv/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  develop gradually by a natural process (使)逐步形成；进化，演化 2 tr.  work out or devise (a theory, plan, etc.) 产生，想出(理论、计划等) 3 intr. & tr.  unfold; open out 打开；展示 4 tr.  give off (gas, heat, etc.) 发射，发散，发出(气体、热等) □ evolvable  adj.  □ evolvement  n.   [Latin evolvere evolut- (as E-, volvere ‘roll’)]

evzone /ˈevzəʊn/ n.  a member of a select Greek infantry regiment 希腊精锐步兵团士兵 [modern Greek euzōnos from Greek, = dressed for exercise (as EU-, zōnē ‘belt’)]

ewe /ju:/ n.  a female sheep 母羊，雌性绵羊 [Old English ēowu, from Germanic]

ewe lamb n.  a person's most cherished possession (2 Sam. 12) (某人)心爱的物品，最衷爱的物品

ewe-necked adj. (of a horse) having a thin concave neck (马)有细凹脖的

ewer /ˈju:ə/ n.  a large pitcher or water jug with a wide mouth 广口水罐 [Middle English from Old Norman French eviere, Old French aiguiere, ultimately via Latin aquarius ‘of water’ from aqua ‘water’]

ex1 /eks/ prep.  1 (of goods) sold from (货物)从…售出的  ex-works  按出厂价 2 (of stocks or shares) without, excluding (股票)不含…的，非…的 [Latin, = out of]

ex2 /eks/ n. colloq.  a former husband or wife [口]前夫(或前妻) [absol. use of EX-1 2]

ex-1 /eks/ prefix (also e- before some consonants, ef- before f 在某些辅音前亦作 e-, f 前亦作 ef-)  1  forming verbs meaning 构成动词，表示 :a  out, forth (exclude 把…除外 ; exit 退出) 出，向外，向前b  upward (extol 颂扬，吹捧) 向上c  thoroughly (excruciate 使苦恼) 完全，彻底d  bring into a state (exasperate 激怒) 使处于…状态e  remove or free from (expatriate 把…逐出圈外 ; exonerate 开释) 移走，离开，自由 2  forming nouns from titles of office, status, etc., meaning ‘formerly’ (ex-convict 前罪犯 ; ex-president 前任总统 ; ex-wife 前妻) 构成名词和称呼等，一起用来表示“前…” [Latin, from ex ‘out of’]

ex-2 /eks/ prefix  out (exodus 退出) 出去，外面 [Greek, from ex ‘out of’]

exa- /ˈeksə/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1018 [构词成分]表示“ 10 的 18 次方的” [perhaps from HEXA-]

exacerbate /iɡˈzæsəbeit, ekˈsæs-/ v. tr.  1  make (pain, anger, etc.) worse 使(伤痛、气愤等)加剧，恶化 2  irritate (a person) 惹(人)生气，使恼怒 □ exacerbation  /-ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin exacerbare (as EX-1, acerbus ‘bitter’)]

exact /iɡˈzækt, eɡ-/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  accurate; correct in all details 确实的；准确的  an exact description  准确的描述 2  a  precise 准确的，精确的b (of a person) tending to precision (指人)做事精确的 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, of)  1  demand and enforce payment of (money, fees, etc.) from a person 索要钱款，催账 2  a  demand; insist on (坚持)要求b (of circumstances) require urgently (环境)急切需要，迫切要求、需要 □ exactable  adj.  □ exactitude  n.  □ exactness  n.  □ exactor  n.   [Latin exigere exact- (as EX-1, agere ‘drive’)]

exacting /iɡˈzæktiŋ, eɡ-/ adj.  1  making great demands 苛求的，过分要求的 2  calling for much effort 费力的，费劲的 □ exactingly  adv.  □ exactingness  n.  

exaction /iɡˈzækʃ(ə)n, eɡ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exacting; the process of being exacted 苛求，艰难，费力 2  a  an illegal or exorbitant demand; an extortion 勒索，敲诈；强行索要b  a sum or thing exacted 强索的钱款，强索之物，敲诈的钱款 [Middle English from Latin exactio (as EXACT)]

exactly /iɡˈzæk(t)li, eɡ-/ adv.  1  accurately, precisely; in an exact manner 准确地；精确地  worked it out exactly  准确地将其算出 2  in exact terms 确切地，严格地  exactly when did it happen?  确切地说，是什么时候发生的？ 3 (said in reply) quite so; I quite agree 的确，没错；我非常同意(用于回答) □ not exactly  colloq. [口]  1  by no means 根本不是，一点儿也不 2  not precisely 不确切，不准确

exact science n.  a science admitting of absolute or quantitative precision 精密科学

exaggerate /iɡˈzædʒəreit, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give an impression of (a thing), esp. in speech or writing, that makes it seem larger or greater etc. than it really is 夸张，夸大(尤指在说话或写文章中) 2  enlarge or alter beyond normal or due proportions 夸大，吹牛  spoke with exaggerated politeness  讲话过于谦恭 □ exaggeratedly  adv.  □ exaggeratingly  adv.  □ exaggeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exaggerative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ exaggerator  n.   [Latin exaggerare (as EX-1, aggerare ‘heap up’ from agger ‘heap’)]

exalt /iɡˈzɔ:lt, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1  raise in rank or power etc. 提升级别(或权力) 2  praise highly 高度赞颂 3 (usu. as 通常作 exalted adj.)  make lofty or noble 使崇高，使高贵，使高雅  exalted aims  崇高的目的 an exalted style  高雅的格调 □ exaltedly  adv.  □ exaltedness  n.   [Middle English from Latin exaltare (as EX-1, altus ‘high’)]

exaltation /eɡzɔ:lˈteiʃ(ə)n, eks-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exalting; the state of being exalted 晋升；晋级 2  elation; rapturous emotion 兴高采烈；得意洋洋 [Middle English from Old French exaltation or Late Latin exaltatio (as EXALT)]

exam /iɡˈzæm, eɡ-/ n. colloq. [口]  = EXAMINATION 3b 

examination /iɡˌzæmiˈneiʃ(ə)n, eɡ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of examining; the state of being examined 检查；被检查 2  a detailed inspection 详查，细查，勘察 3  a  the testing of the proficiency or knowledge of students or other candidates for a qualification by oral or written questions (学业)考试，(资格)考试，(水平)考试b  a test of this kind 测验，考试 4  an instance of examining or being examined medically (体)检，查(体) 5 Law  the formal questioning of the accused or of a witness in court 【法律】讯问，法庭调查 □ examinational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin examinatio -onis (as EXAMINE)]

examination paper n.  1  the printed questions in an examination 考卷，试卷，考题 2  a candidate's set of answers 答卷

examine /iɡˈzæmin, eɡ-/ v.  1 tr.  enquire into the nature or condition etc. of 检查，调查，查看，探查 2 tr.  look closely or analytically at 仔细勘察，检查分析 3 tr.  test the proficiency of, esp. by examination (see 见 EXAMINATION 3a) 测试…的水平(尤指通过考试检验) 4 tr.  check the health of (a patient) by inspection or experiment 检查(病人)健康状况 5 tr. Law  formally question (the accused or a witness) in court 【法律】(对被告或证人作的)法庭讯问 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  inquire 询问，提问 □ examinable  adj.  □ examinee  /-ˈni:/ n.  □ examiner  n.   [Middle English via Old French examiner from Latin examinare ‘weigh, test’, from examen ‘tongue of a balance’, ultimately from exigere ‘examine, weigh’: see EXACT]

example /iɡˈzɑ:mp(ə)l, eɡ-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing characteristic of its kind or illustrating a general rule 例子，事例；范例 2  a person, thing, or piece of conduct, regarded in terms of its fitness to be imitated or likelihood of being imitated 榜样，样板，典型  must set him an example  必须为他树一个榜样 you are a bad example  你是个坏典型 3  a circumstance or treatment seen as a warning to others; a person so treated 警示；警告  shall make an example of you  将用你来警示他人 4  a problem or exercise designed to illustrate a rule 示例，示范 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  serve as an example of 作榜样，做示范 □ for example   by way of illustration 例如，举例 [Middle English via Old French from Latin exemplum (as EXEMPT)]

ex ante /eks ˈænti/ adj. Econ.  based on expected results, forecast (cf. 参见 EX POST) 【经】根据预期结果的，预期的 [modern Latin, = ‘from before’]

exanthema /ikˈsænθimə, eksænˈθi:mə/ n. Med.  a skin rash accompanying any eruptive disease or fever 【医】(因急症或高烧引起的)疹，疹子 [Late Latin from Greek exanthēma ‘eruption’, from exantheō (as EX-2, anthos ‘blossom’)]

exarch /ˈeksɑ:k/ n.  in the Orthodox Church, a bishop lower in rank than a patriarch and having jurisdiction wider than the metropolitan of a diocese (东正教的)督主教(地位比宗主教低，但比都市教区有更广的权限) □ exarchate  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek exarkhos (as EX-2, arkhos ‘ruler’)]

exasperate /iɡˈzæsp(ə)reit, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1 (often as 常作 exasperated adj. or exasperating adj.)  irritate intensely; infuriate 使气愤；激怒 2  make (a pain, ill feeling, etc.) worse 使(疼痛、疾病、情感等)加剧，使恶化 □ exasperatedly  adv.  □ exasperatingly  adv.  □ exasperation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin exasperare exasperat- (as EX-1, asper ‘rough’)]

ex cathedra /eks kəˈθi:drə/ adj. & adv.  with full authority (esp. of a papal pronouncement, implying infallibility as doctrinally defined) 绝对权威的(尤指教皇的声明) [Latin, = from the (teacher's) chair]

excavate /ˈekskəveit/ v. tr.  1  a  make (a hole or channel) by digging 掘(洞)；开挖(沟渠)b  dig out material from (the ground) (从地下)挖掘，挖出 2  reveal or extract by digging 挖开；掘取 3 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Archaeol.  dig systematically into the ground to explore (a site) 【考古】挖掘(遗址) □ excavation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ excavator  n.   [Latin excavare (as EX-1, cavus ‘hollow’)]

exceed /ikˈsi:d, ek-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by an amount 常后跟数额)  be more or greater than (in number, extent, etc.) (数目、范围等)超过，多于，大于 2  go beyond or do more than is warranted by (a set limit, esp. of one's instructions or rights) 越出权(限；) (做事)过头，过火 3  surpass, excel (a person or achievement) 出众，出色；胜过(他人) [Middle English via Old French exceder from Latin excedere (as EX-1, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

exceeding /ikˈsi:diŋ, ek-/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  surpassing in amount or degree 超出的，超越的 2  pre-eminent 显赫的，杰出的 ●adv. archaic [古义]  = EXCEEDINGLY 2 

exceedingly /ikˈsi:diŋli, ek-/ adv.  1  very; to a great extent 非常地；极其地 2  surpassingly, pre-eminently 出众地，显赫地

excel /ikˈsel, ek-/ v. (excelled, excelling) (often foll. by 常后跟 in, at)  1 tr.  be superior to 超过，优于，强于 2 intr.  be pre-eminent or the most outstanding 出众，特别优秀，胜出  excels at games  比赛成绩优秀 □ excel oneself   surpass one's previous performance 超越自我，超越自己以往的表现 [Middle English from Latin excellere (as EX-1, celsus ‘lofty’)]

excellence /ˈeks(ə)l(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of excelling; surpassing merit or quality 优秀；卓越，出色 2  the activity etc. in which a person excels 擅长之事，出众之处 [Middle English from Old French excellence or Latin excellentia (as EXCEL)]

Excellency /ˈeks(ə)l(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. prec. by 通常前接 Your, His, Her, Their)  a title used in addressing or referring to certain high officials, e.g. ambassadors and governors, and (in some countries) senior Church dignitaries 阁下(对高级官员的称呼，如大使、州长及(某些国家)教会中的显要) [Middle English from Latin excellentia (as EXCEL)]

excellent /ˈeks(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  extremely good; pre-eminent 极为出色的；特别优秀的，杰出的 □ excellently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as EXCEL)]

excelsior /ekˈselsiɔ:/ int. & n. ●int.  higher, outstanding (esp. as a motto or trade mark) 高级，高档(尤指作为题词或商标) ●n.  softwood shavings used for stuffing, packing, etc. 软木屑，刨花(用作包装物、充填物等) [Latin, comparative of excelsus ‘lofty’]

excentric var.  of ECCENTRIC  (in technical senses) ECCENTRIC (用于表示技术的各释义)的变体

except /ikˈsept, ek-/ v., prep. & conj. ●v. tr. (often as 常作 excepted adj. placed after object 放在宾语之后)  exclude from a general statement, condition, etc. 排除，将…排除在外  excepted him from the amnesty  特赦将他除外 present company excepted  除去当前的公司 ●prep. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or that + clause)  not including; other than 除了；不包括  all failed except him  除了他，其他人全都失败了 all here except for John  除了约翰，大家都到了 is all right except that it is too long  除了有点太长，其他都不错 ●conj. archaic  unless [古义]除非  except he be born again  除非他再生一回 [Middle English from Latin excipere except- (as EX-1, capere ‘take’)]

excepting /ikˈseptiŋ, ek-/ prep. & conj. ●prep.  = EXCEPTprep.  ●conj. archaic [古义]  = EXCEPTconj. ■Usage 用法说明 Excepting should be used only after not and always; otherwise, except should be used. Excepting 只能在 not 和 always 后面用，其他情况下则需用 except 。 

exception /ikˈsepʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of excepting; the state of being excepted 例外；除外  made an exception in my case  我为例外 2  a thing that has been or will be excepted 例外的事，在…之外的事 3  an instance that does not follow a rule (规则等的)例外 □ take exception  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  object; be resentful (about) 反对；不赞成□ with the exception of   except; not including 除了(…之外) [Middle English via Old French from Latin exceptio -onis (as EXCEPT)]

exceptionable /ikˈsepʃənəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  open to objection; to which exception may be taken 可反对的；可除外的 □ exceptionably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Exceptionable should not be confused with exceptional. Note the difference in meaning between Her new book was unexceptionable (i.e. it contained nothing that would cause objections) and Her new book was unexceptional (i.e. it was mediocre). 不要将 exceptionable 与 exceptional 混淆。请比较以下两句 : Her new book was unexceptionable (她的新书不会引起争议(书中没有什么能引起争论的内容)) ； Her new book was unexceptional (她的新书没有什么特别之处(书很一般)) 。 

exceptional /ikˈsepʃ(ə)n(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1  forming an exception 特别的，与众不同的 2  unusual; not typical 不寻常的；不一般的  exceptional circumstances  不寻常的情况 3  unusually good; outstanding 杰出的；出众的，非凡的 □ exceptionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ exceptionally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EXCEPTIONABLE. 见 EXCEPTIONABLE 的用法说明。 

excerpt n. & v. ●n. /ˈeksɜ:pt/  a short extract from a book, film, piece of music, etc. (书、影片、音乐等的)节选，片断 ●v. tr. /ikˈsɜ:pt, ek-/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  take an excerpt or excerpts from (a book etc.) 节选，摘引，摘录(片断) 2  take (an extract) from a book etc. (从书等中)作摘要 □ excerptible  /-ˈsɜ:ptib(ə)l/ adj.  □ excerption  /-ˈsɜ:pʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excerpere excerpt- (as EX-1, carpere ‘pluck’)]

excess /ikˈses, ek-, ˈekses/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the state or an instance of exceeding 超过，超越，胜出 2  the amount by which one quantity or number exceeds another 多于，超过 3  exceeding of a proper or permitted limit 超量，过量；超限 4  a  the overstepping of the accepted limits of moderation, esp. intemperance in eating or drinking 越界；超量，(尤指吃喝等)无节制b (in pl. 用复数)  outrageous or immoderate behaviour 不客气，过火行为 5  an extreme or improper degree or extent 极度，非常，特别  an excess of cruelty  极度残忍 6 Brit.  part of an insurance claim to be paid by the insured, esp. by prior agreement [英]溢额保险赔偿(尤指事先约定好的) ●attrib. adj. /usu. 通常作 ˈekses/  1  that exceeds a limited or prescribed amount 超量的，超额的  excess weight  超重 2 Brit.  required as extra payment [英]加款的，加价的  excess postage  加收邮费 □ in (or to) excess   exceeding the proper amount or degree 超量，超标□ in excess of   more than; exceeding 比…多；超过 [Middle English via Old French exces from Latin excessus (as EXCEED)]

excess baggage n. (also 亦作 excess luggage)  baggage exceeding a weight allowance and liable to an extra charge 超重行李

excessive /ikˈsesiv, ek-/ adj.  1  too much or too great 过多的；太大的 2  more than what is normal or necessary 超常的；超量的，超大的 □ excessively  adv.  □ excessiveness  n.  

exchange /iksˈtʃeindʒ, eks-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of giving one thing and receiving another in its place 交换；互换 2  a  the giving of money for its equivalent in the money of the same or esp. another country 兑换货币，换汇b  the fee or percentage charged for this (换汇的)手续费 3  a place or installation containing the apparatus for connecting telephone calls 电话交换台，电话交换机 4  a place where merchants, bankers, etc. gather to transact business 交易会；交易所；交易场所 5  a  an office where certain information is given or a service provided, usu. involving two parties 新闻发布场所(通常当事双方都在场)b  an employment office 职业介绍所 6  a system of settling debts between persons (esp. in different countries) without the use of money, by bills of exchange (see 见 BILL OF EXCHANGE) 一种解决债务的方式，(尤指在不同国家之间)不使用现金而用汇票清债 7  a  a short conversation, esp. a disagreement or quarrel 短暂交谈，(尤指)争吵，争辩b  a sequence of letters between correspondents (一系列)往来的信件 8 Chess  the capture of one piece by each player in immediate succession 【棋类】(相互)接续吃子，兑子 9 (作 attrib.)  forming part of an exchange, e.g. of personnel between institutions 交换物；交换人员，(如)大学间的互派人员  an exchange student  互派学生，交流学生 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  give or receive (one thing) in place of another 替换，代换，取代 2 tr.  give and receive as equivalents (e.g. things or people, blows, information, etc.); give one and receive another of 交换；互换(物品、人员、情报等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make an exchange 实行交换，进行对换 □ in exchange  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  as a thing exchanged (for) 作为对…的交换□ exchangeable  adj.  □ exchangeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ exchanger  n.   [Middle English via Old French eschangier from Romanic (as EX-1, CHANGE)]

exchange rate n.  the value of one currency in terms of another 汇率，兑换率

exchequer /iksˈtʃekə, eks-/ n.  1 Brit.  the former government department in charge of national revenue [英]财务署(从前政府掌管国家财政的行政部门) 2  a royal or national treasury 皇家(或国家)财政部 3  the money of a private individual or group 私人(或私人组织)的资金 [Middle English via Anglo-French escheker, Old French eschequier from medieval Latin scaccarium ‘chessboard’ (its original sense, with reference to keeping accounts on a chequered cloth)]■Usage 用法说明 With reference to sense 1, the functions of this department now belong to the Treasury, although the name formally survives, esp. in the title Chancellor of the Exchequer. 释义 1 中该部门的职能现已归属于财政部，但该名称仍作为正式名称沿用下来，尤其是头衔 Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣)。 

excimer /ˈeksimə/ n. Chem. & Physics  a dimer existing only in an excited state, used in some lasers 【化】【物理学】激基缔合物，激基分子(存在于激惹状态下的二聚体，用于激光器中) [excited + DIMER]

excise1 /ˈeksaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a duty or tax levied on goods and commodities produced or sold within the country of origin 消费税，商品税b  a tax levied on certain licences 某种营业税，执照税 2 Brit.  a former government office collecting excise [英]间接税务局(收取消费税的前政府部门)  now the Board of Customs and Excise  现在为关税与消费税局 ●v. tr.  1  charge excise on (goods) (对商品)征收消费税 2  force (a person) to pay excise (向个人)征税 [Middle Dutch excijs, accijs, perhaps from Romanic: related to CENSUS]

excise2 /ikˈsaiz, ek-/ v. tr.  1  remove (a passage of a book etc.) 删除，删去(书中的一段等) 2  cut out (an organ etc.) by surgery 手术切除，手术摘除(某个器官) □ excision  /ikˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excidere excis- (as EX-1, caedere ‘cut’)]

exciseman /ˈeksaizmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. hist.  an officer responsible for collecting excise duty [英史义] (间接税)税务官(征收消费税的官员)

excitable /ikˈsaitəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1 (esp. of a person) easily excited (人)易激动的，易兴奋的 2 (of an organism, tissue, etc.) responding to a stimulus, or susceptible to stimulation (器官、组织等)对刺激有反应的，应激的 □ excitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ excitably  adv.   [EXCITE + -ABLE]

excitation /eksiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of exciting 惹起，激发b  the state of being excited; excitement 激动；兴奋 2  the action of an organism, tissue, etc., resulting from stimulation (由刺激引起的器官、组织等的)应激反应 3 Electr. 【电】  a  the process of applying current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field 励磁b  the process of applying a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor 集电(对电子管或半导体控制电极加载信号电压) 4 Physics  the process in which an atom etc. acquires a higher energy state 【物理学】(原子获得高能量的)激发(过程)

excite /ikˈsait, ek-/ v. tr.  1  a  rouse the feelings or emotions of (a person) 使…激动，使兴奋b  bring into play; rouse up (feelings, faculties, etc.) 使…活动；使…产生c  arouse sexually 引起性欲 2  provoke; bring about (an action or active condition) 引起；激起(行动或活动状态) 3  promote the activity of (an organism, tissue, etc.) by stimulus 通过刺激促进(器官或组织等)活动 4 Electr. 【电】  a  cause (a current) to flow in the winding of an electromagnet (在磁场中)产生感应电流b  supply a signal 提供信号，发出信号 5 Physics 【物理学】  a  cause the emission of (a spectrum) 使(物质)发出(光谱)b  cause (a substance) to emit radiation 使发出(射线)c  put (an atom etc.) into a state of higher energy 使激惹，使原子处于更高能状态中 □ excitant  /ˈeksit(ə)nt, ikˈsait(ə)nt, ek-/ adj. & n.  □ excitative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ excitatory  /-tət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ excitedly  adv.  □ excitedness  n.  □ excitement  n.  □ exciter  n.  (esp. in senses 4, 5 尤用于释义 4 、 5) 激励器、励磁器、振荡器、幅射器 [Middle English from Old French exciter or Latin excitare, frequentative of exciēre (as EX-1, ciēre ‘set in motion’)]

exciting /ikˈsaitiŋ, ek-/ adj.  arousing great interest or enthusiasm; stirring 激动的，兴奋的；激发兴趣的 □ excitingly  adv.  □ excitingness  n.  

exciton /ˈeksitɒn, ikˈsai-, ek-/ n. Physics  a mobile concentration of energy in a crystal formed by an excited electron and an associated hole 【物理学】激子，电子空穴对 [EXCITATION + -ON]

exclaim /ikˈskleim, ek-/ v.  1 intr.  cry out suddenly, esp. in anger, surprise, pain, etc. (由于生气、惊讶、疼痛等引起的)突然大叫，高声叫唤 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that)  utter by exclaiming 惊叫，惊呼，大叫 [French exclamer or Latin exclamare (as EX-1: cf. CLAIM)]

exclamation /ekskləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exclaiming 大叫，惊叫，惊呼 2  words exclaimed; a strong sudden cry 惊叹词；叹语 [Middle English from Old French exclamation or Latin exclamatio (as EXCLAIM)]

exclamation mark n. (US also [美亦] exclamation point)  a punctuation mark (!) indicating an exclamation 惊叹号(！)

exclamatory /ikˈsklæmət(ə)ri, ek-/ adj.  of or serving as an exclamation 感叹的，惊叹的

exclave /ˈekskleiv/ n.  a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the home territory (cf. 参见 ENCLAVE 1) 飞地 [EX-1 + ENCLAVE]

exclosure /ikˈskləʊʒə, ek-/ n. Forestry  etc. an area from which unwanted animals are excluded 【林学】清除地，围地 [EX-1 + ENCLOSURE]

exclude /ikˈsklu:d, ek-/ v. tr.  1  shut or keep out (a person or thing) from a place, group, privilege, etc. 对(人或物)禁闭；不许…进入，不让… 2  expel and shut out 驱除，排除，阻止 3  remove from consideration 排除，不考虑  no theory can be excluded  不能将任何一种理论排除在外 4  prevent the occurrence of; make impossible 防止…的发生；使不可能，阻止  excluded all doubt  不容置疑 □ excludable  adj.  □ excluder  n.   [Middle English from Latin excludere exclus- (as EX-1, claudere ‘shut’)]

excluded middle n. Logic  the principle that of two contradictory propositions one must be true 【逻辑学】排中律

exclusion /ikˈsklu:ʒ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  the act or an instance of excluding; the state of being excluded 排除，除去；不许，不让；不包括 □ to the exclusion of   so as to exclude 排除…，除去…□ exclusionary  adj.   [Latin exclusio (as EXCLUDE)]

exclusionist /ikˈsklu:ʒ(ə)nist, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  favouring exclusion, esp. from rights or privileges 排他的，排外的，排斥的，(尤指从权利、特权等中)排除的 ●n.  a person favouring exclusion 排他主义者，排外主义者

exclusion order n. Brit.  an official order preventing a person (esp. a suspected terrorist) from entering the UK [英]禁止(某人入境的官方)命令(尤指针对恐怖嫌疑分子)

exclusion principle  see 见 PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE 

exclusive /ikˈsklu:siv, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  excluding other things 排他的，排外的，排除的 2 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 of)  not including; except for 除外的；除了…的 3  tending to exclude others, esp. socially; select 排除他人的，排外的(尤指在社会生活方面)；有选择的 4  catering for few or select customers; high-class 高级的；高档的 5  a (of a commodity) not obtainable elsewhere (指商品)专卖的，独卖的b (of a newspaper article) not published elsewhere (指报刊文章)独家刊登的，专访的 6 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 to)  restricted or limited to; existing or available only in 限制的；有限的；只存在于…的，只可在…处得到的 7 (of terms etc.) excluding all but what is specified (指条款等)专项的，专指的，专门针对…的 8  employed or followed or held to the exclusion of all else 专门的，特定的  my exclusive occupation  我的专职 exclusive rights  独享的权利 ●n.  an article or story published by only one newspaper or periodical (报纸、杂志的)独家新闻，独家消息；专访 □ exclusively  adv.  □ exclusiveness  n.  □ exclusivity  /eksklu:ˈsiviti/ n.   [medieval Latin exclusivus (as EXCLUDE)]

Exclusive Brethren n. pl.  a more exclusive section of the Plymouth Brethren 普利茅斯兄弟会的封闭派(教规严格禁止教徒与其他派别人员来往)

exclusivism /ikˈsklu:siviz(ə)m, ek-/ n.  a policy or doctrine of (esp. national, racial, or religious) exclusiveness 排他主义，排外主义(尤指国家、种族或宗教方面的排外主义) □ exclusivist  adj. & n.  

excogitate /iksˈkɒdʒiteit, eks-/ v. tr.  think out; contrive 想出，设计出；图谋；算计，深思熟虑 □ excogitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excogitare excogitat- (as EX-1, cogitare COGITATE)]

excommunicate v., adj. & n. Eccl. 【教会】  ●v. tr. /ekskəˈmju:nikeit/  officially exclude (a person) from participation in the sacraments, or from formal communion with the Church 被正式逐出教会，剥夺教友权利 ●adj. /ekskəˈmju:nikət/  excommunicated 被逐出教会的 ●n. /ekskəˈmju:nikət/  an excommunicated person 被逐出教会的教徒 □ excommunication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ excommunicative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ excommunicator  n.  □ excommunicatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin excommunicare -atus (as EX-1, communis COMMON)]

ex-con /eksˈkɒn/ n. colloq.  an ex-convict; a former inmate of a prison [口]前罪犯；前监狱关押者 [abbreviation]

excoriate /ikˈskɔ:rieit, eks-/ v. tr.  1  a  remove part of the skin of (a person etc.) by abrasion 磨损…的皮肤，擦伤…的皮肤b  strip or peel off (skin) 剥(或削)去…的皮 2  censure severely 严厉责备，斥责 □ excoriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excoriare excoriat- (as EX-1, corium ‘hide’)]

excrement /ˈekskrim(ə)nt/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  faeces 排泄物，大便 □ excremental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [French excrément or Latin excrementum (as EXCRETE)]

excrescence /ikˈskres(ə)ns, eks-/ n.  1  an abnormal or morbid outgrowth on the body or a plant (动植物上长出的不正常)赘生物，瘤 2  an ugly addition 赘物，多余物 □ excrescent  adj.  □ excrescential  /ekskriˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin excrescentia (as EX-1, crescere ‘grow’)]

excreta /ikˈskri:tə, ek-/ n. pl.  waste discharged from the body, esp. faeces and urine 排泄物(尤指大小便) [Latin, neut. pl. of excernere: see EXCRETE]

excrete /ikˈskri:t, ek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of an animal or plant) separate and expel (waste matter) as a result of metabolism (指动植物)排泄，排出；分泌(新陈代谢的产物) □ excreter  n.  □ excretion  n.  □ excretive  adj.  □ excretory  adj.   [Latin excernere excret- (as EX-1, cernere ‘sift’)]

excruciate /ikˈskru:ʃieit, ek-/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 excruciating adj.)  torment acutely (a person's senses); torture mentally (精神上)残酷折磨；(使精神上受)极大痛苦 □ excruciatingly  adv.  □ excruciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excruciare excruciat- (as EX-1, cruciare ‘torment’ from crux crucis ‘cross’)]

exculpate /ˈekskʌlpeit/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  free from blame 不责怪，免予批评 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  clear (a person) of a charge 还…以清白，澄清；撤销对某人的指控 □ exculpation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exculpatory  /iksˈkʌlpət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin exculpare exculpat- (as EX-1, culpa ‘blame’)]

excursion /ikˈskɜ:ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  a short journey for pleasure, with return to the starting point 短途旅行，远足 2  a digression 离题，脱轨 3 Astron.  a deviation from a regular path 【天】偏离轨道 4 archaic  a sortie (see 见 ALARUM) [古义]突围，出击 □ excursional  adj.  □ excursionary  adj.  □ excursionist  n.   [Latin excursio from excurrere excurs- (as EX-1, currere ‘run’)]

excursive /ikˈskɜ:siv, ek-/ adj.  digressive; diverse 分枝的，分散的；多样的 □ excursively  adv.  □ excursiveness  n.  

excursus /ikˈskɜ:səs, ek-/ n. (pl. excursuses or same 单复同)  1  a detailed discussion of a special point in a book, usu. in an appendix (通常为书后的)附录，附记，补论 2  a digression in a narrative 跑题，离题 [Latin, verbal noun, formed as EXCURSION]

excuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /ikˈskju:z, ek-/  1  attempt to lessen the blame attaching to (a person, act, or fault) 找借口，开脱 2 (of a fact or circumstance) serve in mitigation of (a person or act) (指事实或情节)使缓和，减轻 3  obtain exemption for (a person or oneself) 原谅；豁免 4 (foll. by 后跟 from, or with double object)  release (a person) from a duty etc. 使解脱(责任等)  excused from supervision duties  可以不再担任监管工作 excused him the fee  免收他的费 5  overlook or forgive (a fault or offence) 原谅，谅解，不计较 6 (foll. by 后跟 for)  forgive (a person) for a fault 原谅某人的过失 7  not insist upon (what is due) 不再计较，不再坚持 8 refl.  apologize for leaving (请求离开时的道歉用语)对不起，请原谅，抱歉 ●n. /ikˈskju:s, ek-/  1  a reason put forward to mitigate or justify an offence, fault, etc. 借口，开脱的理由 2  an apology 道歉  made my excuses  我向…道了歉 3 (foll. by 后跟 for) colloq.  a poor or inadequate example of [口]拙劣的样品，蹩脚货 □ be excused   be allowed to leave a room etc., e.g. to go to the lavatory 被允许离开(房间等，如去厕所)□ excuse me   a polite apology for lack of ceremony, for an interruption etc., or for disagreeing 请原谅，对不起(礼貌用语，表示打断或不同意)□ excusable  /-ˈskju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ excusably  /-ˈskju:zəbli/ adv.  □ excusatory  /-ˈskju:zət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French escuser from Latin excusare (as EX-1, causa ‘CAUSE, accusation’)]

excuse-me n. Brit.  a dance in which dancers may interrupt other pairs to change partners [英]“请原谅”舞(一种舞蹈者对其他舞者说声“请原谅”，然后交换舞伴的舞蹈)

ex-directory /eksdiˈrekt(ə)ri, -dai-/ adj. Brit.  not listed in a telephone directory, at the wish of the subscriber; unlisted [英]未列入电话簿的；未列入的

ex div. abbr. [缩略]  ex dividend 

ex dividend /eks ˈdividend/ adj. & adv. (of stocks or shares) not including the next dividend (指股票)不带股利(的)，不带股息(的)

exeat /ˈeksiæt/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a permission from a college or other institution for temporary absence (学院或大学等中的)短期离开许可，临时中止学业许可 2  a permission granted to a priest by a bishop to move to another diocese 主教允许传教士到另一教区的许可(书) [Latin, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of exire ‘go out’ (as EX-1, ire ‘go’)]

exec /iɡˈzek, eɡ-/ n. colloq.  an executive [口]管理人员；经理 [abbreviation]

execrable /ˈeksikrəb(ə)l/ adj.  abominable, detestable 可憎的，可恶的，令人厌恶的 □ execrably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin execrabilis (as EXECRATE)]

execrate /ˈeksikreit/ v.  1 tr.  express or feel abhorrence for 痛恨，憎恶，厌恶 2 tr.  curse (a person or thing) 诅咒，咒骂 3 intr.  utter curses 咒骂 □ execration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ execrative  adj.  □ execratory  adj.   [Latin exsecrare (as EX-1, sacrare ‘devote’ from sacer ‘sacred, accursed’)]

executant /iɡˈzekjʊt(ə)nt, eɡ-/ n. formal [正式]  1  a performer, esp. of music 表演者，演奏员(尤指乐手) 2  a person who carries something into effect 执行者，实行…的人 [French exécutant, pres. part. of executer (as EXECUTE)]

execute /ˈeksikju:t/ v. tr.  1  a  carry out a sentence of death on (a condemned person) 给(被判罪者)行刑，将(被判罪者)处死b euphem.  kill as a political act [婉] (作为一种政治行为)杀死，处决 2  carry into effect, perform (a plan, duty, command, operation, etc.) 实施，执行(计划、命令、行动等) 3  a  carry out a design for (a product of art or skill) 实施(绘画等的)构想b  perform (a musical composition, dance, etc.) 演奏(乐曲)，表演(舞蹈) 4  make (a legal instrument) valid by signing, sealing, etc. (通过签字、盖章等)使(法律文件)生效 5  put into effect (a judicial sentence, the terms of a will, etc.) 执行(判决、遗嘱等)，生效 □ executable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French executer and medieval Latin executare from Latin exsequi exsecut- (as EX-1, sequi ‘follow’)]

execution /eksiˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the carrying out of a sentence of death 执行死刑 2  the act or an instance of carrying out or performing something 执行，实施 3  technique or style of performance in the arts, esp. music (艺术中的、尤指音乐的)演奏技术，表演风格 4  a  seizure of the property or person of a debtor in default of payment 没收债务人财产抵债，扣押债务人b  a judicial writ enforcing a judgement 法律执行文书 □ executionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin executio -onis (as EXECUTE)]

executioner /eksiˈkju:ʃ(ə)nə/ n.  an official who carries out a sentence of death 行刑官

executive /iɡˈzekjʊtiv, eɡ-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person or body with managerial or administrative responsibility in a business organization etc.; a senior businessman or businesswoman 行政管理人员；高级商务人员 2  a branch of a government or organization concerned with executing laws, agreements, etc., or with other administration or management 行政部门，政府管理部门 ●adj.  1  concerned with executing laws, agreements, etc., or with other administration or management 行政的，管理的；执法的 2  relating to or having the function of executing 有行政职能的，有管理职能的 □ executively  adv.   [medieval Latin executivus (as EXECUTE)]

executive session n. US  a usu. private meeting of a legislative body for executive business [美] (立法机构的)行政会议(常不公开)

executor /iɡˈzekjʊtə, eɡ-/ n. (fem. executrix /-triks/)  a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of his or her will (立遗嘱人指定的)遗嘱执行人 □ executorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ executorship  n.  □ executory  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French executor, -our from Latin executor -oris (as EXECUTE)]

exegesis /eksiˈdʒi:sis/ n. (pl. exegeses /-si:z/)  critical explanation of a text, esp. of Scripture (对文章的)批注，(尤指)对圣经的批注 □ exegete  /ˈeksidʒi:t/ n.  □ exegetic  /-ˈdʒetik/ adj.  □ exegetical  /-ˈdʒetik(ə)l/ adj.  □ exegetist  /-ˈdʒi:tist/ n.   [Greek exēgēsis from exēgeomai ‘interpret’ (as EX-2, hēgeomai ‘lead’)]

exemplar /iɡˈzemplə, eɡ-/ n.  1  a model or pattern 样本，例子 2  a typical instance of a class of things 事例，典型，标本 3  a parallel instance 类似的事例 [Middle English via Old French exemplaire from Late Latin exemplarium (as EXAMPLE)]

exemplary /iɡˈzempləri, eɡ-/ adj.  1  fit to be imitated; outstandingly good 榜样的，典范的；可作楷模的 2  a  serving as a warning 告诫的，警示的b Law (of damages) exceeding the amount needed for simple compensation 【法律】超出普通赔偿额的 3  illustrative, representative 说明的，代表的 □ exemplarily  adv.  □ exemplariness  n.   [Late Latin exemplaris (as EXAMPLE)]

exemplify /iɡˈzemplifai, eɡ-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  illustrate by example 举例说明，作为…的例证 2  be an example of 成为…的榜样，作为…的例子 3 Law  make an attested copy of (a document) under an official seal 【法律】制作(盖有公章的)文件副本 □ exemplification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin exemplificare (as EXAMPLE)]

exemplum /iɡˈzempləm, eɡ-/ n. (pl. exempla /-plə/)  an example or model, esp. a moralizing or illustrative story 例子，典范(尤指有道德意义或示例性的故事) [Latin, from eximere: see EXEMPT]

exempt /iɡˈzem(p)t, eɡ-/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  free from an obligation or liability etc. imposed on others 免除的，解除的，豁免的 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  not liable to 被豁免的，无义务的 ●n.  1  a person who is exempt, esp. from payment of tax 被豁免者，(尤指)免税者 2 Brit. [英]  = EXON  ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  free from an obligation, esp. one imposed on others 免除…的责任，使无责任，使无义务(尤指加在别人身上者) □ exemption  n.   [Middle English from Latin exemptus, past part. of eximere exempt- (as EX-1, emere ‘take’): in sense 2 of the noun, from an earlier sense of an officer exempt from normal duties]

exequies /ˈeksikwiz/ n. pl. formal  funeral rites [正式]葬礼 [Middle English via Old French from Latin exsequiae (as EX-1, sequi ‘follow’)]

exercise /ˈeksəsaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  activity requiring physical effort, done esp. as training or to sustain or improve health 体育训练，锻炼，运动 2  mental or spiritual activity, esp. as practice to develop a faculty 思维或精神活动(尤指为培养训练某种能力而进行者) 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a particular task or set of tasks devised as exercise, practice in a technique, etc. 练习，训练 4  a  the use or application of a mental faculty, right, etc. 行使，运用(脑力、权利等)b  practice of an ability, quality, etc. 实践，实习 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  military drill or manoeuvres 军训，操练 6 (foll. by 后跟 in)  a process directed at or concerned with something specified 针对…的实践  was an exercise in public relations  是公共关系方面的实践 ●v.  1 tr.  use or apply (a faculty, right, influence, restraint, etc.) 使用，行使(机能、权利、影响、限制等) 2 tr.  perform (a function) 运用，行使 3  a intr.  take (esp. physical) exercise; do exercises 锻炼(尤指体育锻炼)；做操b tr.  provide (an animal) with exercise 驯(兽)c tr.  train (a person) 训练(人) 4 tr.  a  tax the powers of 竭力使…，尽力使…b  perplex, worry 使困惑，烦忧 □ exercisable  adj.  □ exerciser  n.   [Middle English via Old French exercice from Latin exercitium, from exercere exercit- ‘keep at work’ (as EX-1, arcēre ‘restrain’)]

exercise book n.  1  a book containing exercises 练习册，练习簿 2 Brit.  a book for writing school work, notes, etc., in [英]练习本

exergue /ikˈsɜ:ɡ, ekˈsɜ:ɡ, ˈeksɜ:ɡ/ n.  1  a small space usu. on the reverse of a coin or medal, below the principal device 钱币(或奖章)背面主图案下的小空隙 2  an inscription on this space 这种小空隙上的刻记 [French from medieval Latin exergum, from Greek ex- (as EX-2) + ergon ‘work’]

exert /iɡˈzɜ:t, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1  exercise, bring to bear (a quality, force, influence, etc.) 训练，使具备(素质、力量、影响等) 2 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  use one's efforts or endeavours; strive 奋斗，努力(做)；尽力(做) □ exertion  n.   [Latin exserere exsert- ‘put forth’ (as EX-1, serere ‘bind’)]

exeunt /ˈeksiʌnt/ v. intr. (as a stage direction) (actors) leave the stage (演员)下场，退场(舞台用语) □ exeunt omnes   all leave the stage 全体离开舞台，全体退场 [Latin, = they go out: 3rd pl. pres. of exire ‘go out’: see EXIT]

exfiltrate /ˈeksfiltreit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  withdraw (troops, spies, etc.) surreptitiously, esp. from danger 秘密撤退，撤去(军队、间谍等) (尤指从危险境地中) □ exfiltration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

exfoliate /iksˈfəʊlieit, eks-/ v.  1 intr. (of bone, the skin, a mineral, etc.) come off in scales or layers (指骨头、皮肤、矿石等)片状剥落，片状脱落 2 tr.  a  shed (material) in scales or layers 使(矿石)成片剥落，成片脱落b (also absol. [亦含宾])  cause (the skin etc.) to shed flakes or scales 造成或引起(皮肤等)片状脱落 3 intr. (of a tree) throw off layers of bark (指树木)掉皮，树皮剥落 □ exfoliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exfoliative  /-liətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin exfoliare exfoliat- (as EX-1, folium ‘leaf’)]

ex gratia /eks ˈɡreiʃə/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  as a favour rather than from an (esp. legal) obligation 优惠地 ●adj.  granted on this basis 优惠的 [Latin, = from favour]

exhalation /eksəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an expiration of air 喘气，呼气b  a puff of breath 哈气 2  a mist, vapour 水气，湿气，潮气 3  an emanation or effluvium 散发，蒸发 [Middle English from Latin exhalatio (as EXHALE)]

exhale /iksˈheil, eks-/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  breathe out (esp. air or smoke) from the lungs 呼气，出气 2 tr. & intr.  give off or be given off in vapour 散发，蒸发(水汽、蒸气) □ exhalable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French exhaler from Latin exhalare (as EX-1, halare ‘breathe’)]

exhaust /iɡˈzɔ:st, eɡ-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  consume or use up the whole of 用完，耗尽 2 (often as 常作 exhausted adj. or exhausting adj.)  use up the strength or resources of (a person); tire out (人的力量，资源等)精疲力竭；耗尽 3  study or expound on (a subject) completely 对(某题目)详尽地研究，全面地研究 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  empty (a container etc.) of its contents (容器等中的东西)倒光，掏光 ●n.  1  a  waste gases etc. expelled from an engine after combustion (机动车排出的)废气，(发动机排出的)尾气b (also 亦作 exhaust pipe)  the pipe or system by which these are expelled (汽车的)排气管(或系统)c  the process of expulsion of these gases 排出废气，排放尾气 2  a  the production of an outward current of air by the creation of a partial vacuum 排气，抽空b  an apparatus for this 排气通风装置 □ exhauster  n.  □ exhaustible  adj.  □ exhaustibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin exhaurire exhaust- (as EX-1, haurire ‘draw (water), drain’)]

exhaustion /iɡˈzɔ:stʃ(ə)n, eɡ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of draining a thing of a resource or emptying it of contents; the state of being depleted or emptied 排空；抽空 2  a total loss of strength or vitality 极度疲劳，精疲力竭 3  the process of establishing a conclusion by eliminating alternatives 排除法 [Late Latin exhaustio (as EXHAUST)]

exhaustive /iɡˈzɔ:stiv, eɡ-/ adj.  1  thorough, comprehensive 彻底的；广泛的，全面的 2  tending to exhaust a subject 穷尽的；竭力的 □ exhaustively  adv.  □ exhaustiveness  n.  

exhibit /iɡˈzibit, eɡ-/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (exhibited, exhibiting)  1  show or reveal publicly (for interest or amusement, in competition, etc.) (在比赛中)表现，展现 2  a  show, display 展览，展出，陈列b  manifest (a quality) 显示(性质) 3  submit for consideration 出示；提交(讨论) ●n.  1  a thing or collection of things forming part or all of an exhibition 展品，展物，陈列品 2  a document or other item or object produced in a law court as evidence (当庭出示的)证物，证据 □ exhibitory  adj.   [Latin exhibēre exhibit- (as EX-1, habēre ‘hold’)]

exhibition /eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a display (esp. public) of works of art, industrial products, etc. 展览会，展示会 2  the act or an instance of exhibiting; the state of being exhibited 展览；陈列，展示 3 Brit.  a scholarship, esp. from the funds of a school, college, etc. [英]奖学金(尤指来源于校内的基金) □ make an exhibition of oneself   behave so as to appear ridiculous or foolish 出丑，出洋相 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin exhibitio -onis (as EXHIBIT)]

exhibitioner /eksiˈbiʃ(ə)nə/ n. Brit.  a student who has been awarded an exhibition [英]获奖学生

exhibitionism /eksiˈbiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a tendency towards display or extravagant behaviour 爱展示，爱表现 2 Psychol.  a mental condition characterized by the compulsion to display one's genitals in public 【心】露阴癖 □ exhibitionist  n.  □ exhibitionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ exhibitionistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

exhibitor /iɡˈzibitə, eɡ-/ n.  a person who provides an item or items for an exhibition 参展者，参展商

exhilarate /iɡˈziləreit, eɡ-/ v. tr. (often as 常作 exhilarating adj. or exhilarated adj.)  affect with great liveliness or joy; raise the spirits of 使异常兴奋；极度欣喜 □ exhilarant  adj. & n.  □ exhilaratingly  adv.  □ exhilaration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exhilarative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin exhilarare (as EX-1, hilaris ‘cheerful’)]

exhort /iɡˈzɔ:t, eɡ-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  urge or advise strongly or earnestly 敦促，怂恿；极力推荐 □ exhortative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ exhortatory  /-tət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ exhorter  n.   [Middle English from Old French exhorter or Latin exhortari (as EX-1, hortari ‘exhort’)]

exhortation /eɡzɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exhorting; the state of being exhorted 敦促，怂恿；极力推荐 2  a formal or liturgical address (正式的)演讲；(宗教仪式中的)劝诫 [Middle English from Old French exhortation or Latin exhortatio (as EXHORT)]

exhume /eksˈ(h)ju:m, iɡˈzju:m/ v. tr.  dig out, unearth (esp. a buried corpse) 掘出，挖出(尤指尸体) □ exhumation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French exhumer from medieval Latin exhumare (as EX-1, humus ‘ground’)]

ex hypothesi /eks haiˈpɒθəsai/ adv.  according to the hypothesis proposed 据推测；按此假设；假定… [modern Latin]

exigency /ˈeksidʒ(ə)nsi, ˈeɡzi-; iɡˈzidʒ(ə)nsi, eɡ-/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 exigence /ˈeksidʒ(ə)ns, ˈeɡzi-/)  1  an urgent need or demand 急需，迫切要求 2  an emergency 紧急(事件或状态)，危急(时刻) [French exigence & Late Latin exigentia (as EXIGENT)]

exigent /ˈeksidʒ(ə)nt, ˈeɡzi-/ adj.  1  requiring much; exacting 要求高的；苛求的 2  urgent, pressing 急切的，迫切的 [Middle English from Latin exigere ‘enforce payment of’: see EXACT]

exiguous /iɡˈziɡjʊəs, eɡ-/ adj.  scanty, small 不足的，稀少的；微小的 □ exiguity  /-ˈɡju:iti/ n.  □ exiguously  adv.  □ exiguousness  n.   [Latin exiguus ‘scanty’ from exigere ‘weigh exactly’: see EXACT]

exile /ˈeksail, ˈeɡz-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  expulsion, or the state of being expelled, from one's native land or (internal exile) native town etc. 放逐，流放(到国外或国内某个地方) 2  long absence abroad, esp. enforced 长期在国外不归(尤指被迫的) 3  a person expelled or long absent from his or her native country 流放者，漂泊者 4 (作 the Exile)  the captivity of the Jews in Babylon in the 6th c. BC 公元前 6 世纪巴比伦的犹太人被囚禁 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  officially expel (a person) from his or her native country or town etc. (将某人)正式流放，正式放逐 □ exilic  /-ˈsilik, -ˈzilik/ adj. (esp. in sense 4 of n. 尤用于名词释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French exil, exiler from Latin exilium ‘banishment’]

exist /iɡˈzist, eɡ-/ v. intr.  1  have a place as part of objective reality 占据；存在 2  a  have being under specified conditions (在特定的条件下)存在b (foll. by 后跟 as)  exist in the form of 以…形式存在 3 (of circumstances etc.) occur; be found (指环境等)已发生；已被发现 4  live with no pleasure under adverse conditions (在恶劣环境下)维持生计，度日  felt he was merely existing  感到他仅仅是活着而已 5  continue in being; maintain life 继续生活；维持生活  can hardly exist on this salary  靠这点钱很难维生 6  be alive, live 活着，生存 [probably a back-formation from EXISTENCE; cf. Late Latin existere]

existence /iɡˈzist(ə)ns, eɡ-/ n.  1  the fact or condition of being or existing 存在 2  continued being, esp. the manner of one's existing or living under adverse conditions 活着，生存(尤指在恶劣的环境下)  a wretched existence  悲惨的生存 3  an existing thing 存在的事物 4  all that exists 万物，世间万事，一切 [Middle English via Old French existence or Late Latin existentia from Latin exsistere (as EX-1, stare ‘stand’)]

existent /iɡˈzist(ə)nt, eɡ-/ adj.  existing, actual, current 存在的，实有的，目前的

existential /eɡziˈstenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to existence 存在的，现行的 2 Logic (of a proposition etc.) affirming or implying the existence of a thing 【逻辑学】(指命题等)断定存在的，暗示存在的 3 Philos.  concerned with existence, esp. with human existence as viewed by existentialism 【哲】存在主义的，存在论的 □ existentially  adv.   [Late Latin existentialis (as EXISTENCE)]

existentialism /eɡziˈstenʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a philosophical theory emphasizing the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development 存在主义(一种哲学观点，强调自由、自主的个体的存在决定他自身的发展) □ existentialist  n.   [German Existentialismus (as EXISTENTIAL)]

exit /ˈeksit, ˈeɡzit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a passage or door by which to leave a room, building, etc. 出口，安全门，太平门 2  a  the act of going out 出去，离开，退出b  the right or freedom to go out 离开权，出门权 3  a place where vehicles can leave a motorway or major road (公路上)机动车下高速路或主路的出口 4  the departure of an actor from the stage 演员退场 5 literary  death [文学用语]死亡，去世 ●v. (exited, exiting)  1 intr.  go out of a room, building, etc. 退出，离开，出去 2 intr. (as a stage direction) (an actor) leaves the stage (舞台指令) (演员)下场，退场  exit Macbeth  马克佩斯下场 3 intr. literary  die [文学用语]死亡，去世 4 tr.  go out of, leave (a place etc.) 离开，出去 5 Computing 【计算】  a intr.  terminate a process etc.; return to an earlier or more general level of interaction 退出；返回(前级)b tr.  terminate (a process, program, etc.) in this way 退出后中止(过程、程序等) [Latin, 3rd sing. present of exire ‘go out’ (as EX-1, ire ‘go’) : cf. Latin exitus ‘going out’]

exit permit n. (also 亦作 exit visa etc.)  authorization to leave a particular country 离境许可

exit poll n.  a poll of people leaving a polling station, asking how they voted 出口处民意调查(在投票者离开投票站时对他们投票情况进行询问)

ex-libris /eksˈlibris, -ˈli:b-, -ˈlaib-, -ˈli:bri:s/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a usu. decorated bookplate or label bearing the owner's name, pasted into the front of a book (书中标有书籍主人姓名的)藏书签，藏书票 [Latin ex libris ‘among the books of’]

ex nihilo /eks ˈnaihiləʊ/ adv.  out of nothing 从无；无中生有  creation ex nihilo  凭空而生 [Latin]

exo- /ˈeksəʊ/ prefix  external 外部的 [Greek exō ‘outside’]

exobiology /ˌeksəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of science that deals with the possibility of life outside the earth 外空生物学 □ exobiologist  n.  

Exocet /ˈeksəset/ n. propr.  a French-made short-range guided missile used esp. in sea warfare [商标]飞鱼导弹(一种主要用于海战的法制短程导弹) [French exocet ‘flying fish’]

exocrine /ˈeksə(ʊ)krain, -krin/ adj. (of a gland) secreting through a duct (cf. 参见 ENDOCRINE) (腺)外分泌的 [EXO- + Greek krinō ‘sift’]

Exod. abbr. [缩略]  Exodus (Old Testament) 

exoderm /ˈeksə(ʊ)dɜ:m/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ECTODERM 

exodus /ˈeksədəs/ n.  1  a mass departure of people (esp. emigrants) 大批人群的离开，外出，出走(尤指移民) 2 (作 Exodus) Bibl. 【圣经】  a  the departure of the Israelites from Egypt 大批以色列人离开埃及b  the book of the Old Testament relating this (旧约中讲述这段故事的)《出埃及记》 [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek exodos (as EX-2, hodos ‘way’)]

ex officio /eks əˈfiʃiəʊ/ adv. & adj.  by virtue of one's office or status 按照职务的(地)，出于职权的(地) [Latin]

exogamy /ikˈsɒɡəmi, ek-/ n.  1 Anthropol.  marriage of a man outside his own tribe 【人】异族通婚，与外族通婚 2 Biol.  the fusion of reproductive cells from distantly related or unrelated individuals 【生】异系配合，异系交配 □ exogamous  adj.  

exogenous /ikˈsɒdʒinəs, ek-/ adj.  growing or originating from outside 外生的，外源的 □ exogenously  adv.  

exon /ˈeksɒn/ n. Brit.  each of the four officers acting as commanders of the Yeomen of the Guard [英]英王仪仗队待卫官 [representing French pronunciation of EXEMPT: see sense 2 of the noun]

exonerate /iɡˈzɒnəreit, eɡ-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  free or declare free from blame etc. 使免受责备，宣…无罪 2  release from a duty etc. 免去…责任，解除…责任 □ exoneration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exonerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin exonerare exonerat- (as EX-1, onus, oneris ‘burden’)]

exophthalmic /eksɒfˈθælmik/ adj. Med.  characterized by protruding eyes 【医】鼓眼的，眼球突出的

exophthalmic goitre n.  = GRAVES' DISEASE 

exophthalmos /eksɒfˈθælmɒs/ n. (also 亦作 exophthalmus, exophthalmia /-miə/) Med.  abnormal protrusion of the eyeball 【医】(非正常的)眼球突出，眼球外突 [modern Latin from Greek exophthalmos ‘having prominent eyes’ (as EX-2, ophthalmos ‘eye’)]

exoplasm /ˈeksə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ECTOPLASM 

exor. abbr. [缩略]  executor 

exorbitant /iɡˈzɔ:bit(ə)nt/ adj. (of a price, demand, etc.) grossly excessive (价格、要求等)超高的，离谱的 □ exorbitance  n.  □ exorbitantly  adv.   [Late Latin exorbitare (as EX-1, orbita ORBIT)]

exorcize /ˈeksɔ:saiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  expel (a supposed evil spirit) by invocation or by use of a holy name (念咒)驱妖，祛恶，驱魔 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free (a person or place) of a supposed evil spirit (从某人身上或某处)驱走妖魔，驱鬼，驱邪 □ exorcism  n.  □ exorcist  n.  □ exorcization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French exorciser or ecclesiastical Latin exorcizare from Greek exorkizō (as EX-2, horkos ‘oath’)]

exordium /iɡˈzɔ:diəm, eɡ-/ n. (pl. exordiums or exordia /-diə/)  the beginning or introductory part, esp. of a discourse or treatise 前言，导言(尤指文章或论文的) □ exordial  adj.   [Latin, from exordiri (as EX-1, ordiri ‘begin’)]

exoskeleton /ˈeksəʊˌskelit(ə)n/ n.  a rigid external covering for the body in certain animals, esp. arthropods, providing support and protection 外骨骼(某些动物、尤指节肢动物身体外部起支撑和保护作用的坚甲) □ exoskeletal  adj.  

exosphere /ˈeksə(ʊ)sfiə/ n.  the layer of atmosphere furthest from the earth 外(逸)层(地球大气层的最外层)

exoteric /eksə(ʊ)ˈterik/ adj.  1 (of a doctrine, mode of speech, etc.) intended for, or intelligible to, outsiders (指学说、说话方式等)针对外界的，外行能懂的 2  current among the general public; popular, ordinary 流行的；时行的，大众化的 [Greek exōterikos from exōterō, comparative of exō ‘outside’: cf. ESOTERIC]

exothermic /eksə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:mik/ adj. (also 亦作 exothermal /-m(ə)l/) esp. Chem.  occurring or formed with the evolution of heat (尤)【化】放热的 □ exothermally  adv.  □ exothermically  adv.  

exotic /iɡˈzɒtik, eɡ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  introduced from or originating in a foreign (esp. tropical) country 外国的，异国(尤指热带国家)产的  exotic fruits  热带水果 2  attractively or remarkably strange or unusual; bizarre 奇异的，古怪的；怪异的 3 (of a fuel, metal, etc.) of a kind newly brought into use (指燃料、金属等)新投入使用的，新近采用的 ●n.  an exotic person or thing 奇异、古怪的人(或事物) □ exotically  adv.  □ exoticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin exoticus from Greek exōtikos, from exō ‘outside’]

exotica /iɡˈzɒtikə, eɡ-/ n. pl.  remarkably strange or rare objects 怪异(或罕见)之物 [Latin, neut. pl. of exoticus: see EXOTIC]

exotic dancer n.  a striptease dancer 脱衣舞者

exotoxin /ˈeksəʊtɒksin/ n.  a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings 外毒素

expand /ikˈspænd, ek-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  increase in size or bulk or importance 扩展，扩大，延展 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  give a fuller description or account 进一步阐述，充分说明 3 intr.  become more genial or effusive; discard one's reserve 变得更亲切(或洋溢)；不再矜持 4 tr.  set or write out in full (something condensed or abbreviated) (对缩写的事物)展开，展开论述 5 tr. & intr.  spread out flat 展平 □ expandable  adj.  □ expander  n.  □ expansible  adj.  □ expansibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin expandere expans- ‘spread out’ (as EX-1, pandere ‘spread’)]

expanded metal n.  sheet metal slit and stretched into a mesh, used to reinforce concrete and other brittle materials (用来加固混凝土或其他脆性材料的)金属板网，拉制金属网

expanse /ikˈspæns, ek-/ n.  1  a wide continuous area or extent of land, space, etc. 大片土地，广阔的空间 2  an amount of expansion 扩展量，延展量 [modern Latin expansum, neut. past part. of expandere (as EXPAND)]

expansile /ikˈspænsail, ek-/ adj.  1  of expansion 扩展的，延伸的 2  capable of expansion 可延伸的，可扩展的

expansion /ikˈspænʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of expanding; the state of being expanded 扩大；延展，延伸 2  enlargement of the scale or scope of (esp. commercial) operations 扩大规模，扩大经营范围(尤指商业) 3  increase in the amount of a state's territory or area of control 扩充领土，扩大疆界；扩大势力范围 4  an increase in the volume of fuel etc. on combustion in the cylinder of an engine (燃料等在汽缸内燃烧时的)体积膨胀 □ expansionary  adj.  □ expansionism  n.  □ expansionist  n.  □ expansionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj. (all in senses 2, 3 均用于释义 2 、 3)   [Late Latin expansio (as EXPAND)]

expansion card n. (also 亦作 expansion board) Computing  a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra facilities 【计算】扩展板，扩展卡

expansion joint n.  a joint that allows for the thermal expansion of the parts joined (桥梁等)伸缩缝；伸缩接头

expansion slot n. Computing  a place in a computer where an expansion card can be added 【计算】扩展槽

expansive /ikˈspænsiv, ek-/ adj.  1  able or tending to expand 可扩展的，可扩充的 2  extensive, wide-ranging 宽的，广泛的 3 (of a person, feelings, or speech) effusive, open (指人的感情或说话)热情的，外向的，开朗的 □ expansively  adv.  □ expansiveness  n.  □ expansivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.  

ex parte /eks ˈpɑ:ti/ adj. & adv. Law  in the interests of one side only or of an interested outside party 【法律】单方面的 [Latin]

expat /eksˈpæt/ n. & adj. colloq. [口]  = EXPATRIATE  [abbreviation]

expatiate /ikˈspeiʃieit, ek-/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  speak or write at length or in detail 详细(或长篇)撰写讲述 □ expatiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expatiatory  /-ʃiət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin exspatiari ‘digress’ (as EX-1, spatium SPACE)]

expatriate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /iksˈpætriət, -ˈpeitriət, eks-/  1  living abroad, esp. for a long period (尤指长期)生活在国外的 2  expelled from one's country; exiled 被流放的；被放逐的 ●n. /iksˈpætriət, -ˈpeitriət, eks-/  an expatriate person 流亡者，被流放者 ●v. tr. /iksˈpætrieit, -ˈpeitrieit, eks-/  1  expel or remove (a person) from his or her native country 把…驱逐出境，流放 2 refl.  withdraw (oneself) from one's citizenship or allegiance 放弃原国籍(或效忠) □ expatriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin expatriare (as EX-1, patria ‘native country’)]

expect /ikˈspekt, ek-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  a  regard as likely; assume as a future event or occurrence 预料；预计b (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  look for as appropriate or one's due (from a person) 期望，期待  I expect cooperation  我期待着合作 expect you to be here  盼望你到这儿来 expected better of you  希望你过得更好 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) colloq.  think, suppose [口]认为，设想  I expect we'll be on time  我认为我们会准时的 3  be shortly to have (a baby) 不久就会生(小孩)  is expecting twins  很快就要有一对双胞胎 □ be expecting  colloq.  be pregnant (with) [口]怀孕□ expectable  adj.   [Latin exspectare (as EX-1, spectare ‘look’, frequentative of specere ‘see’)]

expectancy /ikˈspekt(ə)nsi, ek-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a state of expectation 期待，预料 2  a prospect, esp. of future possession 前景，远景(尤指未来拥有) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a prospective chance 预期的机会，预料中的机会 [Latin exspectantia, exp- (as EXPECT)]

expectant /ikˈspekt(ə)nt, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  expecting 期待的，期望的 2  having the expectation of possession, status, etc. 有望得到的，有望拥有的 3 (作 attrib.)  expecting a baby (said of the mother or father) 期望有个孩子(对父母而言) ●n.  1  a person who expects 期待者，期望者 2  a candidate for office etc. (职位等)候选人 □ expectantly  adv.  

expectation /ekspekˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of expecting or looking forward 期待，期望 2  something expected or hoped for 期待的事，盼望的事 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the probability of an event 可能性 4 (in pl. 用复数)  one's prospects of inheritance (某人)继承的可能性 [Latin expectatio (as EXPECT)]

expectorant /ikˈspekt(ə)r(ə)nt, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  causing the coughing out of phlegm etc. 祛痰的 ●n.  an expectorant medicine 祛痰药

expectorate /ikˈspektəreit, ek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cough or spit out (phlegm etc.) from the throat or lungs 咳出(痰)，吐(痰) □ expectoration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expectorator  n.   [Latin expectorare expectorat- (as EX-1, pectus -oris ‘breast’)]

expedient /ikˈspi:diənt, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  advantageous; advisable on practical rather than moral grounds 有利的；有效的 2  suitable, appropriate 合适的，恰当的 ●n.  a means of attaining an end; a resource 权宜之计；应急手段 □ expedience  n.  □ expediency  n.  □ expediently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin expedire: see EXPEDITE]

expedite /ˈekspidait/ v. tr.  1  assist the progress of; hasten (an action, process, etc.) 促进；加速 2  accomplish (business) quickly 使…加速取得成功 □ expediter  n.   [Latin expedire expedit- ‘extricate (originally ‘free the feet’), put in order’ (as EX-1, pes pedis ‘foot’)]

expedition /ekspiˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a journey or voyage for a particular purpose, esp. exploration, scientific research, or war (科学)探险，考察，出征 2  the personnel or ships etc. undertaking this 探险者，考察船 3  promptness, speed 快速，迅速 □ expeditionist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin expeditio -onis (as EXPEDITE)]

expeditionary /ekspiˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.  of or used in an expedition, esp. military 探险的，出征的(尤指军事上)

expeditious /ekspiˈdiʃəs/ adj.  1  acting or done with speed and efficiency 迅速有效的，速效的 2  suited for speedy performance 适于高速的 □ expeditiously  adv.  □ expeditiousness  n.   [EXPEDITION + -OUS]

expel /ikˈspel, ek-/ v. tr. (expelled, expelling) (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  deprive (a person) of the membership of or involvement in (a school, society, etc.) 将…除名，开除 2  force out or eject (a thing from its container etc.) 排出，喷出，射出 3  order or force to leave a building etc. 驱出，赶出(建筑物等) □ expellable  adj.  □ expellee  /-ˈli:/ n.  □ expellent  adj.  □ expeller  n.   [Middle English from Latin expellere expuls- (as EX-1, pellere ‘drive’)]

expend /ikˈspend, ek-/ v. tr.  spend or use up (money, time, etc.) 花(钱、时间等)，用光，花完 [Middle English from Latin expendere expens- (as EX-1, pendere ‘weigh’)]

expendable /ikˈspendəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1  that may be sacrificed or dispensed with, esp. to achieve a purpose 可花销的，消耗的(尤指为达到某种目的) 2  a  not regarded as worth preserving or saving 不值得保留的，不值得保存的b  unimportant, insignificant 无关紧要的，不重要的 3  not normally reused 通常不再重复使用的 □ expendability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ expendably  adv.  

expenditure /ikˈspenditʃə, ek-/ n.  1  the process or an instance of spending or using up 开销，花销，花费 2  a thing (esp. a sum of money) expended 消耗的物品(尤指花的钱) [EXPEND, suggested by obsolete expenditor ‘officer in charge of expenditure’, via medieval Latin from expenditus, irregular past part. of Latin expendere]

expense /ikˈspens, ek-/ n.  1  cost incurred; payment of money 支出；花费 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  the cost incurred in doing a particular job etc. 开支，费用  will pay your expenses  将支付你的费用b  an amount paid to reimburse this 补贴  offered me £ 40 per day expenses  给我每日 40 英镑的补贴 3  a thing that is a cause of much expense 花销大的事情，花钱多的事情  the house is a real expense to run  维持这所房子要有很大的花销 □ at the expense of   1  so as to cause loss, deprivation, or harm to 以…为代价 2  so as to incur the cost of 要花费，要支付 [Middle English via Anglo-French, alteration of Old French espense, from Late Latin expensa ‘ (money) spent’, past part. of Latin expendere EXPEND]

expense account n.  a list of an employee's expenses to be reimbursed by the employer 要报销的账

expensive /ikˈspensiv, ek-/ adj.  1  costing much 昂贵的，价高的 2  making a high charge 索高价的，开价很高的 3  causing much expense 花销大的，花钱大手大脚的  has expensive tastes  花钱很随便 □ expensively  adv.  □ expensiveness  n.  

experience /ikˈspiəriəns, ek-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  actual observation of or practical acquaintance with facts or events 经历，体验 2  knowledge or skill resulting from this 经验 3  a  an event regarded as affecting one 有影响的事件  an unpleasant experience  一件不愉快的事b  the fact or process of being so affected 实践，阅历  learnt by experience  通过实践学习 ●v. tr.  1  have experience of; undergo 经历；实践 2  feel or be affected by (an emotion etc.) 体验，感受(情绪等) □ experienceable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin experientia, from experiri expert- ‘try’]

experienced /ikˈspiəriənst, ek-/ adj.  1  having had much experience 有经验的，有阅历的 2  skilled from experience 熟练的，娴熟的  an experienced driver  老司机，老驾驶员

experiential /ikˌspiəriˈentʃ(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  involving or based on experience 经验的，经历的 □ experientialism  n.  □ experientialist  n.  □ experientially  adv.  

experiential philosophy n.  a philosophy that treats all knowledge as based on experience 经验主义哲学

experiment /ikˈsperim(ə)nt, ek-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact 实验，科学试验 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a test or trial of 测试，检验 ●v. intr. /also 亦作 -ment/ (often foll. by 常后跟 on, with)  make an experiment 做试验，搞实验 □ experimentation  /-menˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ experimenter  n.   [Middle English from Old French experiment or Latin experimentum (as EXPERIENCE)]

experimental /ikˌsperiˈment(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1  based on or making use of experiment 基于实验的，根据实验的  experimental psychology  实验心理学 2  a  used in experiments 实验用的b  serving or resulting from (esp. incomplete) experiment; tentative, provisional 实验性的(尤指由尚未完成的实验得出的结果)；假设的，暂时的 3  based on experience, not on authority or conjecture 基于经验的(不是权威认证的，不是推测的) □ experimentalism  n.  □ experimentalist  n.  □ experimentalize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ experimentally  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin experimentalis (as EXPERIMENT)]

expert /ˈekspɜ:t/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  having special skill at a task or knowledge in a subject 专家的，学者的 2 (作 attrib.)  involving or resulting from this 专家参与的，专家定论的  expert evidence  专家提供的证据 an expert piece of work  专家级的工作 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  a person having special knowledge or skill 专家，学者 □ expertly  adv.  □ expertness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin expertus, past part. of experiri: see EXPERIENCE]

expertise /ekspɜ:ˈti:z/ n.  expert skill, knowledge, or judgement 专长，学问，专业学识 [French (as EXPERT)]

expertize /ˈekspətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  give an expert opinion 提供专家意见，提出专业性的意见 2 tr.  give an expert opinion concerning 对…给出专家的评价(或鉴定)

expert system n. Computing  a system which can provide intelligent advice or decisions based on expert knowledge incorporated in the software 【计算】专家系统

expiate /ˈekspieit/ v. tr.  1  pay the penalty for (wrongdoing) 抵偿，补偿；赎(罪) 2  make amends for 为…悔过，抵罪 □ expiable  /ˈekspiəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ expiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expiator  n.  □ expiatory  /-piət(ə)ri, -piˈeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin expiare expiat- (as EX-1, pius ‘devout’)]

expiration /ekspiˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  breathing out 呼气，喘气 2  expiry 期满，限期终止，届期 [Latin expiratio (as EXPIRE)]

expire /ikˈspaiə, ek-/ v.  1 intr. (of a period of time, validity, etc.) come to an end (指时间周期、时效等)届期，到期 2 intr. (of a document, authorization, etc.) cease to be valid; become void (指文件、授权等)失效；过期 3 intr. (of a person) die (指人)死亡，去世，过世 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from; also absol. [亦含宾])  exhale (air etc.) from the lungs 呼气 □ expiratory  adj. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French expirer from Latin exspirare (as EX-1, spirare ‘breathe’)]

expiry /ikˈspairi, ek-/ n.  1  the end of the validity or duration of something 到期，届期，期满 2  death 死亡，去世

explain /ikˈsplein, ek-/ v. tr.  1  a  make clear or intelligible 解释，阐释 also absol. [亦含宾]: let me explain  让我解释一下b  make known in detail 详细介绍，详述 2 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  say by way of explanation 解释，说明 3  account for (one's conduct etc.) 解释…的原故，说明…的原因 □ explain away   minimize the significance of (a difficulty or mistake) by explanation 通过解释缩小(困难、错误的)重要性；辩解□ explain oneself   1  make one's meaning clear 阐明，解释 2  give an account of one's motives or conduct 自我解释，表白，对自己的动机和行为举止给予说明□ explainable  adj.  □ explainer  n.   [Latin explanare (as EX-1, planus ‘flat’, assimilated to PLAIN1)]

explanation /ekspləˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of explaining 解释，说明 2  a statement or circumstance that explains something 剖白，说明真相 3  a declaration made with a view to mutual understanding or reconciliation 公报，联合公报 [Middle English from Latin explanatio (as EXPLAIN)]

explanatory /ikˈsplænət(ə)ri, ek-/ adj.  serving or intended to serve to explain (意在)解释的，说明的 □ explanatorily  adv.   [Late Latin explanatorius (as EXPLAIN)]

explant v. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●v. tr. /iksˈplɑ:nt, eks-/  transfer (living cells, tissues, or organs) from animals or plants to a nutrient medium (细胞、组织、器官等的)移植 ●n. /ˈeksplɑ:nt/  a piece of explanted tissue etc. 外植体，移植物 □ explantation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin explantare (as EX-1, plantare PLANT)]

expletive /ikˈspli:tiv, ek-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an oath, swear word, or other expression, used in an exclamation 誓言，誓词(或其他用来表达兴奋之情的感叹语) 2  a word used to fill out a sentence etc., esp. in verse 填词(尤指用于韵文的) ●adj.  serving to fill out (esp. a sentence, line of verse, etc.) 用于填空的，填词的(尤指句子、诗行等) [Late Latin expletivus (as EX-1, plēre plet- ‘fill’)]

explicable /ikˈsplikəb(ə)l, ek-, ˈeksplikəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be explained 可解释的，可说明的

explicate /ˈeksplikeit/ v. tr.  1  develop the meaning or implication of (an idea, principle, etc.) (对思想、原则等阐述)形成观点，引申含义 2  make clear, explain (esp. a literary text) 使清晰明了，诠释，解释(尤指文学作品) □ explication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ explicative  /ekˈsplikətiv, ˈeksplikeitiv/ adj.  □ explicator  n.  □ explicatory  /ekˈsplikət(ə)ri, ˈeksplikeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin explicare explicat- ‘unfold’ (as EX-1, plicare plicat- or plicit- ‘fold’)]

explicit /ikˈsplisit, ek-/ adj.  1  a  expressly stated, leaving nothing merely implied; stated in detail 清楚明了的；详说的b  describing or representing nudity or intimate sexual activity 表现裸体、性方面露骨的，暴露的 2 (of knowledge, a notion, etc.) definite, clear (指知识、概念等)肯定的，清晰的 3 (of a person, book, etc.) expressing views unreservedly; outspoken (指人、书等)直截了当的，不绕弯子的；直白的 □ explicitly  adv.  □ explicitness  n.   [French explicite or Latin explicitus (as EXPLICATE)]

explode /ikˈspləʊd, ek-/ v.  1  a intr. (of gas, gunpowder, a bomb, a boiler, etc.) expand suddenly with a loud noise owing to a release of internal energy (气体、火药、炸弹、锅炉等)爆炸，爆破b tr.  cause (a bomb etc.) to explode 引爆(炸弹等) 2 intr.  give vent suddenly to emotion, esp. anger 突然情绪激动(尤指发怒) 3 intr. (of a population etc.) increase suddenly or rapidly (人口等)迅速增长，猛然增长 4 tr.  show (a theory etc.) to be false or baseless 揭穿，揭露 5 tr. (as 作 exploded adj.) (of a drawing etc.) showing the components of a mechanism as if separated by an explosion but in the normal relative positions (指绘画等)分割画法，爆炸画法 □ exploder  n.   [earliest in sense 4: Latin explodere ‘hiss off the stage’ (as EX-1, plodere plos- = plaudere ‘clap’)]

exploit n. & v. ●n. /ˈeksplɔit/  a bold or daring feat 功勋，业绩，功绩 ●v. tr. /ikˈsplɔit, ek-/  1  make use of (a resource etc.); derive benefit from 利用；开发(资源等) 2 usu. derog.  utilize or take advantage of (esp. a person) for one's own ends [通常贬]剥削，利用(尤指人) □ exploitable  /ikˈsplɔitəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  □ exploitation  /eksplɔiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exploitative  /ikˈsplɔitətiv, ek-/ adj.  □ exploiter  n.  □ exploitive  /ikˈsplɔitiv, ek-/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French esploit, exploiter, ultimately from Latin explicare: see EXPLICATE]

exploration /ekspləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act or instance of exploring 探险，勘探，探查 2  the process of exploring 探索，探究 □ explorational  adj.  

exploratory /ikˈsplɒrət(ə)ri, ek-/ adj.  1 (of discussion etc.) preliminary, serving to establish procedure etc. (讨论等)预备性的，讨论议程等的 2  involving exploration or investigation 探索的，试验的，探查的  exploratory surgery  探查手术

explore /ikˈsplɔ:, ek-/ v. tr.  1  travel extensively through (a country etc.) in order to learn or discover about it 探险，探查 2  inquire into; investigate thoroughly 调查，探究；仔细勘察 3 Surgery  examine (a part of the body) in detail 【外科】仔细检查，探察 □ explorative  /ikˈsplɒrətiv, ek-/ adj.   [French explorer from Latin explorare]

explorer /ikˈsplɔ:rə, ek-/ n.  a traveller into undiscovered or uninvestigated territory, esp. to get scientific information 探险者，探索者(尤指科学方面)

explosion /ikˈspləʊʒ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exploding 爆炸，爆破 2  a loud noise caused by something exploding 爆炸声，爆裂声 3  a  a sudden outburst of noise 突然爆发的响声b  a sudden outbreak of feeling, esp. anger 突然爆发的情感(尤指气愤) 4  a rapid or sudden increase, esp. of population 迅速突然的增加，(尤指人口)爆炸 [Latin explosio ‘scornful rejection’ (as EXPLODE)]

explosive /ikˈspləʊsiv, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able or tending or likely to explode 可爆炸的，会爆炸的 2  likely to cause a violent outburst etc.; (of a situation etc.) dangerously tense 可能引起爆发的，(形势等)极度紧张而危险的 ●n.  an explosive substance 爆炸物，炸药 □ explosively  adv.  □ explosiveness  n.  

Expo /ˈekspəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 expo) (pl. -os)  a large international exhibition 世界博览会 [abbreviation of EXPOSITION 4]

exponent /ikˈspəʊnənt, ek-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who favours or promotes an idea etc. (学说等的)支持者，追随者，倡导者 2  a representative or practitioner of an activity, profession, etc. (活动、职业等的)参与者，代表者，实践者，从业者 3  a person who explains or interprets something 代言人，发言人 4  a type or representative 典型，代表 5 Math.  a raised symbol or expression beside a numeral indicating how many times it is to be multiplied by itself (e.g. 23 = 2 × 2 × 2) 【数】指数 ●adj.  that sets forth or interprets 注释的，说明的 [Latin exponere (as EX-1, ponere posit- ‘put’)]

exponential /ekspə(ʊ)ˈnenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1 Math.  of or indicated by a mathematical exponent 【数】指数的 2 (of an increase etc.) more and more rapid 不断加速(增长)的 □ exponentially  adv.   [French exponentiel (as EXPONENT)]

exponential function n. Math.  a function which increases as a quantity raised to a power determined by the variable on which the function depends 【数】指数函数

exponential growth n.  growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size 指数增长

export v. & n. ●v. tr. /ikˈspɔ:t, ek-, ˈek-/  send out (goods or services) esp. for sale in another country 出口(货物)，输出(劳务) ●n. /ˈekspɔ:t/  1  the process of exporting 出口业务，输出业务 2  a  an exported article or service 出口货，输出劳务b (in pl. 用复数)  the amount or value of goods exported 出口量，出口额  exports exceeded £ 50m.  出口额超过 5000 万英镑 3 (作 attrib.)  suitable for export, esp. of better quality 适合出口的，达到出口标准的，(尤指)质量高的 □ exportable  adj.  □ exportability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ exportation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exporter  /-ˈspɔ:tə/ n.   [Latin exportare (as EX-1, portare ‘carry’)]

export reject n.  an article sold in its country of manufacture, as being below the standard for export (因质量上达不到出口标准)出口转内销的商品

expose /ikˈspəʊz, ek-/ v. tr.  1  leave uncovered or unprotected, esp. from the weather 暴露于，使对…无防护(尤指天气) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  put at risk of 使处于危险之中  was exposed to great danger  被置于危险境地b  lay open, subject, or introduce to (an influence etc.) 使面对，使暴露于，使接触(影响等) 3 (as 作 exposed adj.)  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  open to; unprotected from 对…开放，向…敞开  exposed to the east  向东方敞开b  vulnerable, risky 脆弱的，易受危险的，有风险的 4 Photog.  subject (a film) to light, esp. by operation of a camera 【摄】曝光 5  reveal the identity or fact of (esp. a person or thing disapproved of or guilty of crime etc.) 暴露身份，揭发，把(有罪的、有争议的人或事等)曝光 6  disclose; make public 公开，公布 7  exhibit, display 展览，展示 8  leave (a child) in the open to die 弃(婴儿)于户外 □ expose oneself   display one's body, esp. the genitals, publicly and indecently (公开地、不雅观地)暴露自己的身体(尤指性器官)□ exposer  n.   [Middle English from Old French exposer, based on Latin exponere: see EXPONENT, POSE1]

exposition /ekspəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an explanatory statement or account 解释，说明 2  an explanation or commentary; an interpretative article or treatise 评注，注释条文或条款 3 Mus.  the part of a movement, esp. in sonata form, in which the principal themes are first presented 【音】呈示部(奏鸣曲中主题第一次出现的乐章) 4  a large public exhibition 大型展览 5 archaic  exposure [古义]暴露 □ expositional  adj.  □ expositive  /-ˈspɒzitiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French exposition, or Latin expositio (as EXPONENT)]

expositor /ikˈspɒzitə, ek-/ n.  an expounder or interpreter 说明者，注释者 □ expository  adj.  

ex post /eks ˈpəʊst/ adj. Econ.  based on actual results (cf. 参见 EX ANTE) 【经】实际的，据实的 [modern Latin, = ‘from after’]

ex post facto /ˌeks pəʊst ˈfæktəʊ/ adj. & adv.  with retrospective action or force 追溯既往的，有追溯效力的 [Latin ex postfacto ‘in the light of subsequent events’]

expostulate /ikˈspɒstjʊleit, ek-/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with a person)  make a protest; remonstrate earnestly 告诫；规劝 □ expostulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expostulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin expostulare expostulat- (as EX-1, postulare ‘demand’)]

exposure /ikˈspəʊʒə, ek-/ n. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  the act or condition of exposing or being exposed (to air, cold, danger, etc.) 暴露(于风、寒冷、危险等之中) 2  a physical condition resulting from being exposed to the elements, esp. in severe conditions (因接触受到某些物质)致身体受影响(尤指在恶劣环境中受到伤害)  died from exposure  由于接触…而死 3  the revelation of an identity or fact, esp. when concealed or likely to find disapproval 揭露，揭示(尤指那些被隐瞒的、可能遭人反对的事) 4 Photog. 【摄】  a  the action of exposing a film etc. to the light (胶片等)曝光b  the duration of this action 曝光时间c  the area of film etc. affected by it (胶片的)曝光区 5  an aspect or outlook 面貌或风景  has a fine southern exposure  有秀丽的南方风貌 [EXPOSE, on the pattern of enclosure etc.]

exposure meter n. Photog.  a device for measuring the strength of the light to determine the correct duration of exposure 【摄】曝光表，测光表

exposé /ikˈspəʊzei, ek-/ n.  1  an orderly statement of facts 陈述，一一表述 2  the act or an instance of revealing something discreditable 暴露，揭发，公开(丑闻、陋习等) [French, past part. of exposer (as EXPOSE)]

expound /ikˈspaʊnd, ek-/ v. tr.  1  set out in detail (a doctrine etc.) 详述，详论 2  explain or interpret (esp. Scripture) 解释，诠释(尤指圣经经文) □ expounder  n.   [Middle English from Old French espondre (as EXPONENT)]

express1 /ikˈspres, ek-/ v. tr.  1  represent or make known (thought, feelings, etc.) in words or by gestures, conduct, etc. (用言语、手势、举止等)表达，表述(思想、感情等) 2 refl.  say what one thinks or means 自述，自我表白 3 esp. Math.  represent by symbols (尤)【数】用符号表示 4  squeeze out (liquid or air) 挤出，压出(气体或液体) □ expresser  n.  □ expressible  adj.   [Middle English via Old French expresser from Romanic (as EX-1, PRESS1)]

express2 /ikˈspres, ek-/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  operating at high speed 高速的，直达的，快的 2 /also 亦作 ˈekspres/  a  definitely stated, not merely implied 明示的b archaic (of a likeness) exact [古义] (相似点)丝毫不爽的 3  a  done, made, or sent for a special purpose 特制的，定做的，专递的b (of messages or goods) delivered by a special messenger or service (信件或物品)专递的 ●adv.  1  at high speed 快速地，高速地 2  by express train or delivery service 通过直快火车或专递投送 ●n.  1  a  an express train or delivery service 快车，直达火车；特快专递b  an express rifle 速射步枪 2 US  a company undertaking the transport of parcels etc. [美] (包裹等的)专递公司，快递公司 ●v. tr.  send by express messenger or delivery 用特快专递寄送 □ expressly  adv. (in senses 2 and 3a of adj. 用于形容词释义 2 和 3a)   [Middle English via Old French expres from Latin expressus ‘distinctly shown’, past part. of exprimere (as EX-1, premere ‘press’)]

expression /ikˈspreʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of expressing 表达，表述 2  a word or phrase expressed (表达的)词语 3 Math.  a collection of symbols expressing a quantity 【数】表达式 4  a person's facial appearance or intonation of voice, esp. as indicating feeling 面部表情语言声调(尤指表达某种情感) 5  the depiction of feeling, movement, etc., in art 艺术中对情感、运动等的表达，描绘 6  the conveying of feeling in the performance of a piece of music (用演奏音乐)表达情感 □ expressional  adj.  □ expressionless  adj.  □ expressionlessly  adv.  □ expressionlessness  n.   [Middle English from Old French expression or Latin expressio, from exprimere: see EXPRESS1]

expressionism /ikˈspreʃ(ə)niz(ə)m, ek-/ n.  a style of painting, music, drama, etc., in which an artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world (绘画、音乐、戏剧中的)表现主义 □ expressionist  n. & adj.  □ expressionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ expressionistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

expressive /ikˈspresiv, ek-/ adj.  1  full of expression 富于表情的  an expressive look  表情丰富的面容 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  serving to express 用于表达的，表示…的  words expressive of contempt  表示不满的言词 □ expressively  adv.  □ expressiveness  n.  □ expressivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.   [Middle English from French expressif -ive or medieval Latin expressivus (as EXPRESSION)]

expresso var.  of ESPRESSO  ESPRESSO 的变体

express rifle n.  a rifle that discharges a bullet at high speed 速射步枪

express train n.  a fast train, stopping at few intermediate stations (火车)直达快车

expressway /ikˈspreswei, ek-/ n. N. Amer. & Austral.  an urban motorway [北美澳]高速公路

expropriate /iksˈprəʊprieit, eks-/ v. tr.  1 (esp. of the state) take away (property) from its owner (尤指国家)征用，没收(财产) 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  dispossess 占有，剥夺 □ expropriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expropriator  n.   [medieval Latin expropriare expropriat- (as EX-1, proprium ‘property’: see PROPER)]

expulsion /ikˈspʌlʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  the act or an instance of expelling; the process of being expelled 驱逐，放逐 □ expulsive  /-siv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin expulsio (as EXPEL)]

expunge /ikˈspʌn(d)ʒ, ek-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  erase, remove (esp. a passage from a book or a name from a list) 抹掉，删除(尤指从书中或名单上) □ expunction  /ikˈspʌŋ (k) ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  □ expunger  n.   [Latin expungere expunct- ‘mark for deletion by means of points’ (as EX-1, pungere ‘prick’)]

expurgate /ˈekspɜ:ɡeit/ v. tr.  1  remove matter thought to be objectionable from (a book etc.) 从(书等)中删除(会遭到反对的部分) 2  remove (such matter) 删除，去除(这类事物) □ expurgation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expurgator  n.  □ expurgatorial  /ˌekspɜ:ɡəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ expurgatory  /ekˈspɜ:ɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin expurgare expurgat- (as EX-1, purgare ‘cleanse’)]

exquisite /ˈekskwizit, ikˈskwizit, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  extremely beautiful or delicate 非常精致的，特别漂亮的，精湛的 2  acute; keenly felt 痛切的，强烈的  exquisite pleasure  极臻的愉悦 3  keen; highly sensitive or discriminating 敏锐的，灵敏的，有鉴赏力的  exquisite taste  高雅的品味 ●n.  a person of refined (esp. affected) tastes 过分讲究…的人(尤指做作的) □ exquisitely  adv.  □ exquisiteness  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘carefully ascertained, precise’, from Latin exquirere exquisit- (as EX-1, quaerere ‘seek’)]

exsanguinate /ikˈsæŋɡwineit, ek-/ v. tr. Med.  drain of blood 【医】给…放血，使血流尽 □ exsanguination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin exsanguinatus (as EX-1, sanguis -inis ‘blood’)]

exsert /ikˈsɜ:t, ek-/ v. tr. Biol.  put forth 【生】使伸出，使突出 [Latin exserere: see EXERT]

ex-service /ek(s) ˈsɜ:vis/ adj. Brit. [英]  1  having formerly been a member of the armed forces 退伍的，退役的 2  relating to former servicemen and -women 退伍人员的，前军人的

ex-serviceman /ek(s)ˈsɜ:vismən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. Brit.  a former member of the armed forces [尤英] (男性)退伍军人

ex-servicewoman /ek(s)ˈsɜ:viswʊmən/ n. (pl. -women) esp. Brit.  a former woman member of the armed forces [尤英] (女性)退伍军人

ex silentio /eks siˈlenʃiəʊ/ adv.  by the absence of contrary evidence 在缺少反证的情况下 [Latin, = from silence]

ext. abbr. [缩略]  1  exterior  2  external 

extant /ikˈstænt, ek-, ˈekst(ə)nt/ adj. (esp. of a document etc.) still existing, surviving (尤指文献等)现存的，留存下来的，未佚失的 [Latin exstare exstant- (as EX-1, stare ‘stand’)]

extemporaneous /ikˌstempəˈreiniəs, ek-/ adj.  spoken or done without preparation (讲话或做事)毫无准备的，即席的，仓促的，临时的 □ extemporaneously  adv.  □ extemporaneousness  n.  

extemporary /ikˈstemp(ə) (rə)ri, ek-/ adj.  = EXTEMPORANEOUS  □ extemporarily  adv.  □ extemporariness  n.  

extempore /ikˈstemp(ə)ri, ek-/ adj. & adv.  without preparation 无准备(的)，仓促地 [Latin ex tempore ‘on the spur of the moment’, (literally ‘out of the time’) from tempus ‘time’]

extemporize /ikˈstempəraiz, ek-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  compose or produce (music, a speech, etc.) without preparation; improvise 即兴创作，即兴发表(音乐、讲话等) □ extemporization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

extend /ikˈstend, ek-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  lengthen or make larger in space or time 加长；扩大；延长(时间、空间) 2 tr.  stretch or lay out at full length 伸展，伸出；四肢摊开地躺卧 3 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 to, over)  reach or be or make continuous over a certain area 扩展至，延伸到 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  have a certain scope 具有一定的范围  the permit does not extend to camping  此项应允对露营不适用 5 tr.  offer or accord (an invitation, hospitality, kindness, etc.) 提供，给与(邀请、款待、友好等) 6 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl. or in passive)  tax the powers of (an athlete, horse, etc.) to the utmost 使(运动员、马等)竭尽全力，做至极限 □ extendable  adj.  □ extendability  /-dəˈbiliti/ n.  □ extendible  adj.  □ extendibility  /-diˈbiliti/ n.  □ extensible  /-sib(ə)l/ adj.  □ extensibility  /-siˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin extendere extens- or extent- ‘stretch out’ (as EX-1, tendere ‘stretch’)]

extended family n.  a family including relatives living near 大家族，大家庭(包括住在附近的亲戚)

extended-play attrib. adj. (of a gramophone record) playing for longer than most singles, usu. at 45 r.p.m (指唱片)密纹的，慢速的(比通常每分钟 45 转的唱片播放时间长的)

extender /ikˈstendə, ek-/ n.  1  a person or thing that extends 扩充的人(或物) 2  a substance added to paint, ink, glue, etc., to dilute its colour or increase its bulk (加在颜料、墨水、黏合剂等中的)稀释剂；填充剂

extensile /ikˈstensail, ek-/ adj.  capable of being stretched out or protruded 可伸展的，可伸长的；可延展的

extension /ikˈstenʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of extending; the process of being extended 伸展；延长；扩充；被扩充；被延长；被延展 2  prolongation; enlargement 延长部分；扩大部分；增大部分 3  a part enlarging or added on to a main structure or building (房屋建筑等的)附加部分；扩展部分 4  an additional part of anything 附设部分，扩充部分，增补部分 5  a  a subsidiary telephone on the same line as the main one (电话)分机b  its number 分机号(码) 6  a  an additional period of time, esp. extending allowance for a project etc. 附加的时间；延长的期限(尤指)工程延期b  permission for the sale of alcoholic drinks until later than usual, granted to licensed premises on special occasions (在特定日子对某些有执照的销售场所的)特许延长卖酒时间；放宽期限 7  extramural instruction by a university or college 大学附设部分的授课  extension course  大学附设部的课程 8  extent, range 范围；程度 9 Logic  a group of things denoted by a term 【逻辑学】外延 □ extensional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin extensio (as EXTEND)]

extensive /ikˈstensiv, ek-/ adj.  1  covering a large area in space or time (时间或空间)广阔的，广大的 2  having a wide scope; far-reaching 范围宽广的，广博的  an extensive knowledge of music  广博的音乐知识 3  involving cultivation from a large area, with a minimum of special resources (cf. 参见 INTENSIVE adj. 3) 粗放耕作的，浅耕粗作的 □ extensively  adv.  □ extensiveness  n.   [French extensif -ive or Late Latin extensivus (as EXTENSION)]

extensometer /ekstenˈsɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring deformation of metal under stress (金属)伸长计，变形测量计 2  an instrument using such deformation to record elastic strains in other materials 测量其他材料弹性张力的伸长计 [Latin extensus (as EXTEND) + -METER]

extensor /ikˈstensə, ek-/ n. (in full 全称 extensor muscle) Anat.  a muscle that extends or straightens out part of the body (cf. 参见 FLEXOR) 【解】伸肌 [modern Latin (as EXTEND)]

extent /ikˈstent, ek-/ n.  1  the space over which a thing extends 延展或扩展部分 2  the width or limits of application; scope 广度；(适用)范围；程度  to a great extent  在很大程度上 to the full extent of their power  到他们能力的极至 [Middle English via Anglo-French extente from medieval Latin extenta, past part. of Latin extendere: see EXTEND]

extenuate /ikˈstenjʊeit, ek-/ v. tr. (often as 常作 extenuating adj.)  lessen the seeming seriousness of (guilt or an offence) by reference to some mitigating factor 想法减轻罪责，开脱罪责 □ extenuatingly  adv.  □ extenuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extenuatory  /-jʊət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin extenuare extenuat- (as EX-1, tenuis ‘thin’)]

exterior /ikˈstiəriə, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or on the outer side 外部的，外面的b (foll. by 后跟 to)  situated on the outside of (a building etc.) (建筑物等)位于外部的，在外面的；外表的c  coming from outside 由外部来的，外来的；属于外面的 2 Cinematog.  outdoor 【电影】露天的，户外的 ●n.  1  the outward aspect or surface of a building etc. 建筑物的外部；建筑物的外墙 2  the outward or apparent behaviour or demeanour of a person 一个人外在的行为举止 3 Cinematog.  an outdoor scene 【电影】露天场景，户外景观，外景 □ exteriority  /-ˈɒriti/ n.  □ exteriorize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ exteriorly  adv.   [Latin, comparative of exterus ‘outside’]

exterior angle n.  the angle between the side of a rectilinear figure and the adjacent side extended outward 外角

exterminate /ikˈstɜ:mineit, ek-/ v. tr.  1  destroy utterly (esp. something living) 消除，消灭(尤指活物) 2  get rid of; eliminate (a pest, disease, etc.) 消灭，除去，杀死(害虫、疾病等) □ extermination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exterminator  n.  □ exterminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin exterminare exterminat- (as EX-1, terminus ‘boundary’)]

external /ikˈstɜ:n(ə)l, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or situated on the outside or visible part 外部的，外在的b  coming or derived from the outside or an outside source 从外面产生的，源于外部的 2  relating to a country's foreign affairs 外交的，国外事务的 3  outside the conscious subject 精神之外的，意识之外的  the external world  外部世界 4 (of medicine etc.) for use on the outside of the body (指药物等)外用的；外涂的，外擦的 5  for or concerning students taking the examinations of a university without attending it 函授的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  the outward features or aspect 外部特征，外观 2  external circumstances 外部环境 3  inessentials 无关紧要或非核心的东西 □ externality  /ekstɜ:ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ externally  adv.   [medieval Latin from Latin externus, from exterus ‘outside’]

external evidence n.  evidence derived from a source independent of the thing discussed 外来的证据，外证

externalize /ikˈstɜ:n(ə)laiz, ek-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  give or attribute external existence to 使成为外部的 □ externalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

exteroceptive /ˌekstərəʊˈseptiv/ adj. Biol.  relating to stimuli produced outside an organism 【生】外感受的 [formed irregularly from Latin externus ‘exterior’ + RECEPTIVE]

exterritorial /ˌeksteriˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  = EXTRATERRITORIAL  □ exterritoriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  

extinct /ikˈstiŋkt, ek-/ adj.  1 (of a family, class, or species) that has died out (指家庭、阶级、物种)消亡的，灭绝的，绝种的 2  a (of fire etc.) no longer burning (指火等)熄灭的b (of a volcano) that no longer erupts (指火山)死的，不再喷发的 3 (of life, hope, etc.) terminated, quenched (生活、希望等)终结的，破灭了的 4 (of an office etc.) obsolete (指行政机构等)废除的 5 (of a title of nobility) having no qualified claimant (指贵族称号)无合法继承人的 [Middle English from Latin exstinguere exstinct- (as EX-1, stinguere ‘quench’)]

extinction /ikˈstiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act of making extinct; the state of being or process of becoming extinct 灭绝，消亡，绝种 2  the act of extinguishing; the state of being extinguished 消灭；熄灭；灭亡 3  total destruction or annihilation 全部消灭，杀光，斩绝 4  the wiping out of a debt 还清债务 5 Physics  a reduction in the intensity of radiation by absorption, scattering, etc. 【物理学】降低辐射强度 □ extinctive  adj.   [Latin extinctio (as EXTINCT)]

extinguish /ikˈstiŋɡwiʃ, ek-/ v. tr.  1  cause (a flame, light, etc.) to die out; put out 扑灭(火)，使(灯等)关掉，熄灭 2  make extinct; annihilate, destroy 灭绝，消灭  a programme to extinguish disease  一个消灭疾病的计划 3  put an end to; terminate; obscure utterly (a feeling, quality, etc.) 终结，终止，使完全暗淡，使减色 4  a  abolish; wipe out (a debt) 偿清，清除(债务)b Law  render void 【法律】使无效 □ extinguishable  adj.  □ extinguishment  n.   [formed irregularly from Latin extinguere (as EXTINCT): cf. distinguish]

extinguisher /ikˈstiŋɡwiʃə, ek-/ n.  a person or thing that extinguishes, esp. = FIRE EXTINGUISHER 熄火者，扑火者；消火者；消火器；熄火器，灭火器 (尤指)

extirpate /ˈekstəpeit/ v. tr.  root out; destroy completely 彻底摧毁，连根拔掉 □ extirpation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extirpator  n.   [Latin exstirpare exstirpat- (as EX-1, stirps ‘stem’)]

extol /ikˈstəʊl, ek-/ v. tr. (extolled, extolling)  praise enthusiastically 夸奖，热情赞扬 □ extoller  n.  □ extolment  n.   [Latin extollere (as EX-1, tollere ‘raise’)]

extort /ikˈstɔ:t, ek-/ v. tr.  obtain by force, threats, persistent demands, etc. 强取，勒索 □ extorter  n.  □ extortive  adj.   [Latin extorquēre extort- (as EX-1, torquēre ‘twist’)]

extortion /ikˈstɔ:ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of extorting, esp. money 勒索，强取(尤指钱财) 2  illegal exaction 非法勒索，非法逼取 □ extortioner  n.  □ extortionist  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin extortio (as EXTORT)]

extortionate /ikˈstɔ:ʃ(ə)nət, ek-/ adj.  1 (of a price etc.) exorbitant (指价格)索要高价的 2  using or given to extortion 勒索的，强取豪夺的  extortionate methods  勒索的手段 □ extortionately  adv.  

extra /ˈekstrə/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  additional; more than is usual or necessary or expected 额外的，附加的 ●adv.  1  more than usually 额外地，另外地 2  additionally 附加地  was charged extra  要求额外付款 ●n.  1  an extra thing 额外物，附加物 2  a thing for which an extra charge is made 另外收费的项目 3  a person engaged temporarily to fill out a scene in a film or play, esp. as one of a crowd 额外人手，(扮演群众的)临时演员 4  a special issue of a newspaper etc. (报纸的)号外，增刊 5 Cricket  a run scored other than from a hit with the bat, and credited to the batting side but not to an individual batsman 【板球】(非击球所得的)额外加分 [probably a shortening of EXTRAORDINARY]

extra- /ˈekstrə/ prefix  1  outside, beyond (extragalactic 银河系外的) 外部的，…以外的 2  beyond the scope of (extra-curricular 课外的) 在…范围以外的 [medieval Latin from Latin extra ‘outside’]

extracellular /ekstrəˈseljʊlə/ adj.  situated or taking place outside a cell or cells 细胞外的

extra cover n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielding position on a line between cover point and mid-off, but beyond these 额外截堵员的位置 2  a fielder at this position 额外截堵员

extract v. & n. ●v. tr. /ikˈstrækt, ek-/  1  remove or take out, esp. by effort or force (anything firmly rooted) 提取；榨取；移出，拔出(尤指用力) 2  obtain (money, an admission, etc.) with difficulty or against a person's will 把…(钱、应允等)弄到手；诈取；强取 3  obtain (a natural resource) from the earth (从地下)开采自然资源 4  select or reproduce for quotation or performance (a passage of writing, music, etc.) 节选，节取，摘录(文章、音乐等) 5  obtain (juice etc.) by suction, pressure, distillation, etc. 吸取；榨取；蒸馏(果汁等) 6  derive (pleasure etc.) 获得(快乐等) 7 Math.  find (the root of a number) 【数】求(根)，开(方) 8 archaic  deduce (a principle etc.) [古义]推论(原理等) ●n. /ˈekstrækt/  1  a short passage taken from a book, piece of music, etc.; an excerpt 节选，摘录 2  a preparation containing the active principle of a substance in concentrated form 精华；浓缩物  malt extract  麦乳精 □ extractable  adj.  □ extractability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin extrahere extract- (as EX-1, trahere ‘draw’)]

extraction /ikˈstrækʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of extracting; the process of being extracted 抽取，吸取；榨取；萃取；采掘 2  the removal of a tooth 拔牙 3  origin, lineage, descent 血统，血缘，世系  of Indian extraction  印第安人血统 [Middle English via French from Late Latin extractio -onis (as EXTRACT)]

extractive /ikˈstræktiv, ek-/ adj.  of or involving extraction, esp. extensive extracting of natural resources without provision for their renewal 榨取的(尤指对自然资源的任意)掘取的

extractor /ikˈstræktə, ek-/ n.  1  a person or machine that extracts 榨取者，抽取者；榨汁机，萃取器，提取器 2 (作 attrib.) (of a device) that extracts stale air etc. or ventilates a room 抽气，换气，通风(装置)  extractor fan  排风扇 extractor hood  通风罩

extra-curricular /ekstrəkəˈrikjʊlə/ adj. (of an activity at school, college, etc.) not included in the normal curriculum 课外的

extraditable /ˈekstrədaitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  liable to extradition 可引渡的 2 (of a crime) warranting extradition (指罪行)足以使犯人可被引渡的

extradite /ˈekstrədait/ v. tr.  hand over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the foreign state etc. in which the crime was committed 引渡(罪犯) [back-formation from EXTRADITION]

extradition /ekstrəˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the extraditing of a person accused or convicted of a crime 引渡 2 Psychol.  the localizing of a sensation at a distance from the centre of sensation 【心】心灵感应 [French as EX-1, TRADITION]

extrados /ikˈstreidɒs, ek-/ n. Archit.  the upper or outer curve of an arch (opp. 反义 INTRADOS) 【建】拱背，拱的外缘线 [as EXTRA- + French dos ‘back’ from Latin dorsum]

extragalactic /ekstrəɡəˈlæktik/ adj.  occurring or existing outside the Galaxy 发生(或存在)于银河外的，星系外的

extrajudicial /ekstrədʒu:ˈdiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not legally authorized 未经合法授权的，超越法律的 2 (of a confession etc.) not made in court 法庭外(认罪)的 □ extrajudicially  adv.  

extralinguistic /ekstrəliŋˈɡwistik/ adj.  outside the field of linguistics or the bounds of language 超语言的

extramarital /ekstrəˈmærit(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of sexual relations) occurring outside marriage (尤指两性关系)婚外的 □ extramaritally  adv.  

extramundane /ekstrəˈmʌndein/ adj.  outside or beyond the physical world 物质世界之外的

extramural /ekstrəˈmjʊər(ə)l/ adj.  1  taught or conducted off the premises of a university, college, or school 校外(教授)的，院本部以外的 2 Brit.  additional to normal teaching or studies, esp. for non-resident students [英] (教学)额外的(尤指对走读生的) 3  outside the walls or boundaries of a town or city 城(墙)外的，市区外的 □ extramurally  adv.   [Latin extra muros ‘outside the walls’]

extraneous /ikˈstreiniəs, ek-/ adj.  1  of external origin 外来的，起源于外部的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  separate from the object to which it is attached etc. 分离的，剥离的b  external to; irrelevant or unrelated to 外接的，不相关的，无联系的 □ extraneously  adv.  □ extraneousness  n.   [Latin extraneus]

extraordinary /ikˈstrɔ:d(ə)n(ə)ri, ek-, ekstrəˈɔ:din(ə)ri/ adj.  1  unusual or remarkable; out of the usual course 特别出色的，非常优秀的，不一般的 2  unusually great 特别伟大的；巨大的；不寻常的  an extraordinary talent  极高的天赋 3  a (of an official etc.) additional; specially employed (指雇员等)特聘的；专雇的  envoy extraordinary  外交特使b (of a meeting) specially convened (指会议)特别召开的；专门的 □ extraordinarily  adv.  □ extraordinariness  n.   [Latin extraordinarius from extra ordinem ‘outside the usual order’]

extrapolate /ikˈstræpəleit, ek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1 Math. 【数】  a  extend (a range of values or a curve) by inferring unknown values from trends in the known data 推断，推知b  calculate (unknown values etc.) by extension of trends in a known range of values etc. 推算，演算 2  infer more widely from a limited range of known facts 推论，推断 □ extrapolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extrapolative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ extrapolator  n.   [EXTRA- + INTERPOLATE]

extrasensory /ekstrəˈsens(ə)ri/ adj.  derived by means other than the known senses, e.g. by telepathy, clairvoyance, etc. 超感的，特异的(如心灵遥感、透视功能等)  extrasensory perception  超感能力

extraterrestrial /ekstrətiˈrestriəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  outside the earth or its atmosphere 地球以外的，大气层外的 2 (in science fiction) from outer space (科幻小说中的)来自于外太空的 ●n. (in science fiction) a being from outer space (科幻作品中的)太空人，宇宙人，外星人

extraterritorial /ˌekstrəteriˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  situated or (of laws etc.) valid outside a country's territory (法律等)国外(有效)的 2 (of an ambassador etc.) free from the jurisdiction of the territory of residence (大使等外交官)外交豁免的，有外交豁免权的 □ extraterritoriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.   [Latin extra territorium ‘outside the territory’]

extra time n. esp. Brit.  a further period of play at the end of a match when the scores are equal [尤英] (体育比赛的)延长期比赛，加时赛

extravagance /ikˈstrævəɡ(ə)ns, ek-/ n.  1  excessive spending or use of resources; being extravagant 豪华，奢侈，浪费 2  an instance or item of this 奢侈；浪费；奢侈品 □ extravagancy  n. (pl. -ies)   [French (as EXTRAVAGANT)]

extravagant /ikˈstrævəɡ(ə)nt, ek-/ adj.  1  spending (esp. money) excessively; immoderate or wasteful in use of resources (花钱)大手大脚的，浪费的；奢侈的 2  exorbitant; costing much 昂贵的，价格过高的 3  exceeding normal restraint or sense; unreasonable, absurd 过分的；无理的，荒唐的  extravagant claims  过分的要求 □ extravagantly  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin extravagari (as EXTRA-, vagari ‘wander’)]

extravaganza /ikˌstrævəˈɡænzə, ek-/ n.  1  a fanciful literary, musical, or dramatic composition 狂文；狂曲；狂剧 2  a spectacular theatrical or television production, esp. of light entertainment 吸引观众的戏剧或电视节目(尤指轻松的娱乐) [Italian estravaganza ‘extravagance’]

extravasate /ikˈstrævəseit, ek-/ v. esp. Med. (尤)【医】  1 tr.  force out (a fluid, esp. blood) from its proper vessel 排出(液体，尤指血液) 2 intr. (of blood, lava, etc.) flow out (血液、火山熔岩等)流出 □ extravasation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin extra ‘outside’ + vas ‘vessel’]

extravehicular /ekstrəvi:ˈhikjʊlə/ adj.  outside a vehicle, esp. a spacecraft 在车外的，在船外的，(尤指)在宇宙飞船外的，舱外的

extravert var.  of EXTROVERT  EXTROVERT 的变体

extrema pl.  of EXTREMUM  

extreme /ikˈstri:m, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  reaching a high or the highest degree; exceedingly great or intense; exceptional 特别的，极端的  extreme old age  特别年长 in extreme danger  处于极度危险 2  a  severe, stringent; lacking restraint or moderation 严重的；不受限制的，无克制的  take extreme measures  采取极端措施 an extreme reaction  过火的反应b (of a person, opinion, etc.) going to great lengths; advocating immoderate measures (指人、思想等)极端的，激进的 3  outermost; furthest from the centre; situated at either end 终极的；终端的，末端的  the extreme edge  最边缘 4 Polit.  on the far left or right of a party 【政】政党中极左或极右的 5  utmost; last 最，最终的 ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  one or other of two things as remote or as different as possible 大相径庭的事物，差异悬殊的事物 2  a thing at either end of anything 末端，末梢，物体的两端 3  the highest or most extreme degree of anything 极端，极限，极点 4 Math.  the first or the last term of a ratio or series 【数】比率或数列的首数或尾数 5 Logic  the subject or predicate in a proposition; the major or the minor term in a syllogism 【逻辑学】命题的主词或谓词(三段论中的大项或小项) □ go to extremes   take an extreme course of action 走极端□ go to the other extreme   take a diametrically opposite course of action 走向事物的反面□ in the extreme   to an extreme degree 最大程度上□ extremely  adv.  □ extremeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin extremus, superlative of exterus ‘outward’]

extreme unction n. RC Ch. (former name for) the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, esp. when administered to the dying. 【天主教】给患病者涂油的仪式，(尤指)给临终者涂油的仪式

extremist /ikˈstri:mist, ek-/ n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  a person who holds extreme or fanatical political or religious views and esp. resorts to or advocates extreme action 极端分子，激进分子 □ extremism  n.  

extremity /ikˈstremiti, ek-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the extreme point; the very end 极端，终极，穷极 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the hands and feet 手脚，四肢 3  a condition of extreme adversity or difficulty 极端困难的环境、条件等 [Middle English from Old French extremité or Latin extremitas (as EXTREME)]

extremum /ikˈstri:məm, ek-/ n. (pl. extremums or extrema /-mə/) Math.  the maximum or minimum value of a function 【数】极值 □ extremal  adj.   [Latin, neut. of extremus EXTREME]

extricate /ˈekstrikeit/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  free or disentangle from a constraint or difficulty 使脱离困境，摆脱束缚 □ extricable  adj.  □ extrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin extricare extricat- (as EX-1, tricae ‘perplexities’)]

extrinsic /ikˈstrinsik, ek-/ adj.  1  not inherent or intrinsic; not essential (opp. 反义 INTRINSIC) 非固有的；非内在的；非本质的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  extraneous; lying outside; not belonging (to) 属于外部的，外因的 3  originating or operating from without 外生的，外来的，外源的 □ extrinsically  adv.   [Late Latin extrinsicus ‘outward’ from Latin extrinsecus (adv.) from exter ‘outside’ + secus ‘beside’]

extrovert /ˈekstrəvɜ:t/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 extravert) ●n.  1  an outgoing or sociable person 性格外向的人，爱交际的人 2 Psychol.  a person predominantly concerned with external things or objective considerations 【心】(性格)外向的人 ●adj.  typical or characteristic of an extrovert 性格外向的，外向性的 □ extroversion  /-ˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extroverted  adj.   [extro- = EXTRA- (on the pattern of intro-) + Latin vertere ‘turn’]■Usage 用法说明 The original spelling, extravert, is often preferred in technical use. 作为专业术语使用时最好用 extravert 的拼法。 

extrude /ikˈstru:d, ek-/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 from)  thrust or force out 突出；伸出；使…外突 2  shape metal, plastic, etc., by forcing it through a die 铸造，通过模具使成型 □ extrusion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ extrusile  /-sail/ adj.  □ extrusive  /-siv/ adj.   [Latin extrudere extrus- (as EX-1, trudere ‘thrust’)]

exuberant /iɡˈzju:b(ə)r(ə)nt, eɡ-/ adj.  1  lively, high-spirited 活泼的，精神饱满的 2 (of a plant etc.) prolific; growing copiously (植物等)生长茂盛的，繁茂的 3 (of feelings etc.) abounding, lavish, effusive (感情等)丰富的，洋溢的 □ exuberance  n.  □ exuberantly  adv.   [French exubérant from Latin exuberare (as EX-1, uberare ‘be fruitful’ from uber ‘fertile’)]

exuberate /iɡˈzju:bəreit, eɡ-/ v. intr.  be exuberant 使茂盛，使丰富

exude /iɡˈzju:d, eɡ-/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (of a liquid, moisture, etc.) escape or cause to escape gradually; ooze out; give off (使) (液体、湿气等)逐渐散去，逐渐流失，慢慢散发 2 tr.  emit (a smell) 发出，散发(气味) 3 tr.  display (an emotion etc.) freely or abundantly (情感等)无拘无束地流露，毫不掩饰地坦露  exuded displeasure  流露不满 □ exudate  /ˈeɡzjʊdeit/ n.  □ exudation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exudative  /iɡˈzju:dətiv, eɡ-/ adj.   [Latin exsudare (as EX-1, sudare ‘sweat’)]

exult /iɡˈzʌlt, eɡ-/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in, over, or to + infin.)  1  be greatly joyful 异常高兴，特别高兴 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  have a feeling of triumph (over a person) 欢欣鼓舞，(因战胜某人而)狂喜 □ exultancy  n.  □ exultant  adj.  □ exultantly  adv.  □ exultation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exultingly  adv.   [Latin exsultare (as EX-1, saltare, frequentative of salire salt- ‘leap’)]

exurb /ˈeksɜ:b/ n.  a district outside a city or town, esp. a prosperous area beyond the suburbs 城外，市外，(尤指)远郊的繁华地区 □ exurban  /ekˈsɜ:b(ə)n/ adj.  □ exurbanite  /ekˈsɜ:b(ə)nait/ n.   [Latin ex ‘out of’ + urbs ‘city’, or back-formation from exurban (as EX-1 + URBAN, on the pattern of suburban)]

exurbia /ekˈsɜ:biə/ n.  the exurbs collectively; the region beyond the suburbs (总称)城市远郊 [EX-1, on the pattern of suburbia]

exuviae /iɡˈzju:vii:, eɡ-/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  an animal's cast skin or covering (动物)脱落的皮或壳 □ exuvial  adj.   [Latin, = animal's skins, spoils of the enemy, from exuere ‘divest oneself of’]

exuviate /iɡˈzju:vieit, eɡ-/ v. tr.  shed (a skin etc.) 蜕皮，脱壳 □ exuviation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

ex-voto /eksˈvəʊtəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an offering made in pursuance of a vow 还愿 [Latin, = out of a vow]

-ey /i/ suffix var.  of -Y2 -Y2 的变体

eyas /ˈaiəs/ n.  a young hawk, esp. one taken from the nest for training in falconry 小鹰(尤指取自鹰巢，用以训练成猎鹰的小鹰) [originally nyas from French niais, ultimately from Latin nidus ‘nest’: for loss of n- cf. ADDER]

eye /ai/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the organ of sight in humans and other animals (人或动物的)眼睛，目，视觉器官b  the light-detecting organ in some invertebrates (某些无脊椎动物身上的)感光器 2  the eye characterized by the colour of the iris 不同虹膜颜色的眼睛  has blue eyes  蓝眼睛 3  the region round the eye 眼圈，眼球周围的部位  eyes red from weeping  哭红的一双眼 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  sight; the faculty of sight 视力，目力  demonstrate to the eye  演示观看 need perfect eyes to be a pilot  飞行员需要极好的视力 5  a particular visual faculty or talent; visual appreciation 特别的视力，鉴赏力  a straight eye  洞察的眼光 cast an expert eye over  以专家的眼光来看 6 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a look, gaze, or glance, esp. as indicating the disposition of the viewer 目光，眼神(尤指用来表明观者的态度)  a friendly eye  友好的目光 7  mental awareness; consciousness 意识，知觉 8  a person or animal etc. that sees on behalf of another 代观者，代看者 9  = ELECTRIC EYE  10 slang [俚语]  = PRIVATE EYE  11  a thing like an eye, esp. 形状像眼睛的物体，(尤指):a  a spot on a peacock's tail (cf. 参见 EYELET n. 3) 孔雀尾羽上的斑点b  the leaf bud of a potato 土豆的叶芽 12  the centre of something circular, e.g. a flower or target 圆形物的中心(如花心或靶心) 13  the relatively calm region at the centre of a storm or hurricane 台风眼 14  an aperture in an implement, esp. a needle, for the insertion of something, e.g. thread 工具上穿东西用的孔眼，(尤指穿线等的)针眼 15  a ring or loop for a bolt or hook etc. to pass through 供螺栓插入的圈(或环) ●v. tr. (eyes, eyed, eyeing or eying) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  watch or observe closely, esp. admiringly or with curiosity or suspicion 打量；注视，仔细察看(尤指赞赏地、好奇地、怀疑地看) □ all eyes   1  watching intently 全神贯注地监视 2  general attention 大家都在注视  all eyes were on us  大家都看着我们□ before one's (or one's very) eyes   right in front of one 就在眼前，在眼皮底下□ do a person in the eye  Brit. colloq.  defraud or thwart a person [英口]欺骗或阻挠某人□ an eye for an eye   retaliation in kind (Exod. 21:24) 以同样方式报复，以同样方式还击；以牙还牙，以眼还眼□ eye of a needle   see 见 NEEDLE'S EYE □ eyes front (or left or right)  Mil.  a command to turn the head in the direction stated 【军】向…瞄准□ get (or keep) one's eye in  Brit. Sport  accustom oneself (or keep oneself accustomed) to the conditions of play so as to judge speed, distance, etc. [英]【运动】熟悉场地□ have an eye for   be capable of perceiving or appreciating 有鉴赏…的眼光，有眼力□ have one's eye on   wish or plan to procure 希望(或计划)获得□ have eyes for   be interested in; wish to acquire 对…感兴趣；想得到□ have an eye to   have as one's objective; prudently consider 把…作为自己的目标；认真考虑要…□ hit a person in the eye (or between the eyes)  colloq.  be very obvious or impressive [口]很明显，给人印象深刻□ keep an eye on   1  pay attention to 注意，关注 2  look after; take care of 照料，照看□ keep an eye open (or out)  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  watch out carefully 留心，密切注视□ keep one's eyes open (or peeled or Brit. [英] skinned)   watch out; be on the alert 警惕，小心□ lower one's eyes   look modestly or sheepishly down or away 谦虚地(或羞怯地)将目光移开(或向下看)□ make eyes (or sheep's eyes)  (foll. by 后跟 at)  look amorously or flirtatiously at 色迷迷地看，挑逗地看□ my (or all my) eye  slang  nonsense [俚语] (完全)胡说八道□ one in the eye  (foll. by 后跟 for)  a disappointment or setback 令人失望之事(或物)，挫伤□ open a person's eyes   be enlightening or revealing to a person 打开眼界，长见识□ raise one's eyes   look upwards 抬眼看，向上看□ see eye to eye  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be in full agreement 完全同意，完全赞同□ set eyes on   catch sight of 瞩目于，见到□ take one's eyes off  (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  stop watching; stop paying attention to 不再看，不再关注，不再注意□ under the eye of   under the supervision or observation of 在…的观察下，在…的监视下□ up to the (or one's) eyes in   1  deeply engaged or involved in; inundated with 深深卷入，深陷  up to the eyes in work  工作繁忙 2  to the utmost limit 至极限，到顶  mortgaged up to the eyes  全都抵押进去了□ with one's eyes open   deliberately; with full awareness 清醒地，充分意识到□ with one's eyes shut (or closed)   1  easily; with little effort 很容易，不费力气地 2  without awareness; unobservantly 未察觉，不知晓  goes around with his eyes shut  毫不知晓地闲逛□ with an eye to   with a view to; prudently considering 经过思考的，有…的企图□ with a friendly (or jealous etc.) eye   with a feeling of friendship, jealousy, etc. 带着…(友谊、忌妒等)的感情□ with one eye on   directing one's attention partly to 将部分注意力放到…上□ with one eye shut   easily; with little effort 很容易，不费劲  could do this with one eye shut  这件事闭着眼就能做□ eyed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ eyeless  adj.   [Old English ēage, from Germanic]

eyeball /ˈaibɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  the ball of the eye within the lids and socket 眼球，眼珠 ●v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1 tr.  look or stare at 盯，看 2 intr.  look or stare 盯，看 □ eyeball to eyeball   confronting closely 针锋相对，面对面地□ to (or up to) the eyeballs  colloq.  completely (permeated, soaked, etc.) [口]完全地(浸透，湿透等)

eyebath /ˈaibɑ:θ/ n.  a small glass or vessel for applying lotion etc. to the eye 洗眼杯，洗眼器

eyeblack /ˈaiblæk/ n. archaic [古义]  = MASCARA 

eye bolt n.  a bolt or bar with an eye at the end for a hook etc. 吊环螺栓，环首螺栓，有眼螺栓

eyebright /ˈaibrait/ n.  any plant of the genus Euphrasia, traditionally used as a remedy for weak eyes 小米草(民间用其来治疗弱视)

eyebrow /ˈaibraʊ/ n.  the line of hair growing on the ridge above the eye socket 眉，眉毛 □ raise one's eyebrows (or an eyebrow)   show surprise, disbelief, or mild disapproval 惊讶，表示不相信(或不赞同)

eye-catching adj.  striking, attractive 引人注目的，动人的

eye contact n.  looking directly into another person's eyes 目光接触，目光交流

eyecup /ˈaikʌp/ n.  = EYEBATH 

eyeful /ˈaifʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls) colloq. [口]  1  a long steady look 饱览，长时间凝视 2  a visually striking person or thing 引人注目的人或物 3  anything thrown or blown into the eye 映入眼帘的事物，引起注意的事物

eyeglass /ˈaiɡlɑ:s/ n.  1  a  a lens for correcting or assisting defective sight (眼)镜片b (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of these held in the hand or kept in position on the nose by means of a frame or a spring (手持或戴的)眼镜c (in pl. 用复数) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SPECTACLES  2  a small glass vessel for applying lotion etc. to the eye 洗眼杯

eyehole /ˈaihəʊl/ n.  a hole to look through 观察孔，观测孔

eye language n.  the process of communication by the expression of the eyes 眼语

eyelash /ˈailæʃ/ n.  each of the hairs growing on the edges of the eyelids (眼)睫毛 □ by an eyelash   by a very small margin 很窄，狭窄

eyelet /ˈailit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small hole in paper, leather, cloth, etc., for string or rope etc. to pass through (纸、皮革、布等上的)小孔，洞眼 2  a metal ring reinforcement for this 用来加固孔眼的金属环 3  a small eye, esp. the ocellus on a butterfly's wing (cf. 参见 EYE n. 11a) 眼点，单眼(尤指蝴蝶翅膀上的眼状花纹) 4  a form of decoration in embroidery 绣品上的镶边圆孔装饰 5  a small hole for observation, shooting through, etc. 观察孔，射击孔 ●v. tr. (eyeleted, eyeleting)  provide with eyelets 使有孔 [Middle English via Old French oillet, diminutive of oil ‘eye’ from Latin oculus]

eye level n.  the level seen by the eyes looking horizontally 视平线 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : eye-level grill  与眼齐平的铁架

eyelid /ˈailid/ n.  the upper or lower fold of skin closing to cover the eye 眼皮，眼睑

eyeliner /ˈailainə/ n.  a cosmetic applied as a line round the eye (化妆用的)眼线

eye mask n.  1  a covering of soft material saturated with a lotion for refreshing the eyes (做眼部护理用的)眼膜 2  a covering for the eyes 眼罩

eye-opener n. colloq. [口]  1  an enlightening experience; an unexpected revelation 开眼界的经历，未预料到的启示 2 US  an alcoholic drink taken on waking up [美] (刚睡醒时喝的)空肚酒 □ eye-opening  adj.  

eyepatch /ˈaipætʃ/ n.  a patch worn to protect an injured eye 眼罩

eyepiece /ˈaipi:s/ n.  the lens or lenses to which the eye is applied at the end of a microscope, telescope, etc. 目镜

eye-rhyme n.  a correspondence of words in spelling but not in pronunciation (e.g. 如 love and move) (英文)视觉韵(拼写相近但发音不押韵的)单词

eye-shade n.  a device to protect the eyes, esp. from strong light 眼罩(尤指用以防强光)

eyeshadow /ˈaiʃædəʊ/ n.  a coloured cosmetic applied to the skin round the eyes 眼影

eyeshot /ˈaiʃɒt/ n.  seeing-distance 视界，视野  out of eyeshot  视野之外

eyesight /ˈaisait/ n.  the faculty or power of seeing 视力，目力

eyesore /ˈaisɔ:/ n.  a visually offensive or ugly thing, esp. a building 难看的(或刺眼的，碍眼的)东西(尤指建筑)

eye-spot n.  1  a  a light-sensitive area on the bodies of some invertebrate animals, e.g. flatworms, starfish, etc. ; also called 亦称作 ocellus 眼点(无脊椎动物身上的感光部位)b Bot.  an area of light-sensitive pigment found in some algae etc. 【植】光敏斑，光敏区(某些藻类中发现的含有光敏色素的部位) 2  a fungal disease of plants characterized by yellowish oval spots on the leaves and stems 黄斑病(由真菌感染引起的一种植物疾病，叶子或茎上生有黄色椭圆形斑点)

eye-stalk n.  a movable stalk carrying the eye, esp. in crabs, shrimps, etc. (蟹、虾等的可移动的)眼柄

eye strain n.  fatigue of the (internal or external) muscles of the eye 眼(部肌肉)疲劳

Eyetie /ˈaitai/ n. & adj. Brit. slang offens.  Italian [英] [俚语] [冒犯]意大利人(的)；意大利的；意大利语(的) [jocular pronunciation (abbreviation) of Italian]

eye-tooth n.  a canine tooth just under or next to the eye, esp. one in the upper jaw 眼牙，上尖牙，上犬齿

eyewash /ˈaiwɒʃ/ n.  1  lotion for the eye 洗眼剂，眼药水 2 slang  nonsense, bunkum; pretentious or insincere talk [俚语]胡说八道，骗人的鬼话

eyewitness /ˈaiwitnis/ n.  a person who has personally seen a thing done or happen and can give evidence of it 目击者，目击证人

eye-worm n.  a nematode worm, Loa loa, parasitic on humans and other primates in Central and West Africa 眼虫(在中西非寄生在人类或灵长类眼部的一种寄生虫) [because it infects the eyes]

eyot var.  of AIT  AIT 的变体

eyra /ˈeirə/ n. Zool.  a red form of jaguarundi 【动】美洲山猫 [Tupi (e)irara]

Eyre /eə/ n.  埃尔湖 [南澳大利亚]

eyrie /ˈiəri, ˈairi, ˈɛəri/ n. (also 亦作 aerie)  1  a nest of a bird of prey, esp. an eagle, built high up 猛禽的巢(尤指建在高处者) 2  a house etc. perched high up 建在高处的房舍 [medieval Latin aeria, aerea, etc., probably from Old French aire ‘lair’, ultimately from Latin agrum ‘piece of ground’]

Ezek. abbr.  Ezekiel (Old Testament) [缩略]《以西结书》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

F1 /ef/ n. (also 亦作 f) (pl. Fs or F's)  1  the sixth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 6 个字母 2 Mus.  the fourth note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶中的第四音

F2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 F.)  1  Fahrenheit  2  female  3 Brit.  fine (pencil lead) [英]细的(铅笔心) 4 Biol.  filial generation (as F1 for the first filial generation, F2 for the second, etc. 如 F1 表示杂种子一代， F2 表示杂种子二代，等等) 【生】子代，杂交后代

F3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element fluorine 【化】(化学元素)氟 2  farad(s)  3  force  4 (作 F) Electr. 【电】  faraday 

f1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 f.)  1  female  2  feminine  3  following page etc. 下页等 4 (作 f) Mus. 【音】  forte  5  folio  6  filly  7  foreign 

f2 symb. [符]  1  focal length (cf. 参见 F-NUMBER) 焦距 2  femto-  3  frequency 

FA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Football Association (英国)足球协会 2  = FANNY ADAMS 1 

fa var.  of FAH  FAH 的变体

FAA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Fleet Air Arm (英国)海军航空兵 2 (in the US) Federal Aviation Administration (美国)联邦航空局

fab /fæb/ adj. colloq.  fabulous, marvellous [口]极好的，绝妙的 [abbreviation]

Fabian /ˈfeibiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member or supporter of the Fabian Society, an organization of socialists aiming at a gradual rather than revolutionary achievement of socialism 费边社社员；费边社支持者(费边社为一社会主义者组织，其目标是用渐进而非革命的方式实现社会主义) ●adj.  1  relating to or characteristic of the Fabians 有关费边社(社员)的；费边社(社员)特有的 2  employing a cautiously persistent and dilatory strategy to wear out an enemy 使用谨慎不懈和拖延策略以消耗敌人的  Fabian tactics  拖延的耗敌策略 □ Fabianism  n.  费边主义□ Fabianist  n.  费边主义者 [Latin Fabianus, from the name of Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator (= delayer), Roman general of the 3rd c. BC, noted for cautious strategies]

fable /ˈfeib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a story, esp. a supernatural one, not based on fact 故事(尤指虚构的故事)b  a tale, esp. with animals as characters, conveying a moral 寓言 2 (collect. 集合名词)  myths and legendary tales 神话；传说  in fable  传说中的 3  a  a false statement; a lie 无稽之谈；谎言b  a thing only supposed to exist 假定存在的事物 ●v.  1 intr.  tell fictitious tales 讲故事；编寓言 2 tr.  describe fictitiously 虚构，杜撰；撒谎 3 tr. (as 作 fabled adj.)  celebrated in fable; famous, legendary 寓言中著名的；有名的；传奇的 □ fabler  /ˈfeiblə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French fabler from Latin fabulari, from fabula ‘discourse’ from fari ‘speak’]

fabliau /ˈfæbliəʊ/ n. (pl. fabliaux /-əʊz/)  a metrical tale in early French poetry, often coarsely humorous (法国早期诗歌中的)故事诗(常粗俗而幽默) [French from Old French dialect fabliaux, -ax, pl. of fablel diminutive of fable, from Latin fabula (see FABLE)]

Fablon /ˈfæblɒn/ n. propr.  flexible self-adhesive plastic sheeting used for covering furniture, table mats, etc. [商标]凡薄纶(贴家具、桌面等用的带粘胶塑料软薄膜)

fabric /ˈfæbrik/ n.  1  a  a woven material; a textile 织物，织品b  other material resembling woven cloth 仿编织品 2  a structure or framework, esp. the walls, floor, and roof of a building 构造物，构架(尤指建筑物的墙、地板和屋顶) 3 (in abstract senses 用于抽象意义)  the essential structure or essence of a thing 构造，结构；要素；本质  the fabric of society  社会结构 [Middle English via French fabrique from Latin fabrica, from faber ‘worker in metal, stone, etc.’]

fabricate /ˈfæbrikeit/ v. tr.  1  construct or manufacture, esp. from prepared components (尤指用预制件)装配，制造，建造 2  invent or concoct (a story, evidence, etc.) 捏造，编造(故事、证据等) 3  forge (a document) 伪造(文件) □ fabrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fabricator  n.   [Latin fabricare fabricat- (as FABRIC)]

fabric conditioner n.  a liquid added as a conditioner when washing clothes etc. 织物柔顺剂(洗衣服等时添加的调节液)

fabulist /ˈfæbjʊlist/ n.  1  a composer of fables 寓言作家 2  a liar 撒谎者 [French fabuliste from Latin fabula: see FABLE]

fabulous /ˈfæbjʊləs/ adj.  1  incredible, exaggerated, absurd 难以相信的；惊人的；言过其实的；荒谬的  fabulous wealth  惊人的财富 2 colloq.  excellent, marvellous [口]极好的，绝妙的  looking fabulous  看起来好极了 3  a  celebrated in fable 传闻中大名鼎鼎的b  legendary, mythical 传说中的；神话式的 □ fabulosity  /-ˈlɒsiti/ n.  寓言性；虚构性；惊人的性质；寓言□ fabulously  adv.  □ fabulousness  n.   [French fabuleux or Latin fabulosus (as FABLE)]

face /feis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the front of the head from the forehead to the chin 脸，面孔 2  the expression of the facial features 面部表情；脸色  had a happy face  面色愉快 3  composure, coolness, effrontery 镇静；冷漠；厚颜 4  the surface of a thing, esp. as regarded or approached, esp. (物体的)表面；正面(尤指):a  the visible part of a celestial body 天体的可见部分b  a side of a mountain etc. 山坡  the north face  山北坡c  the (usu. vertical) surface of a coal-seam 煤矿的(垂直)采掘面d Geom.  each surface of a solid 【几】(立体图形的)面e  the façade of a building (建筑物的)正面f  the plate of a clock or watch bearing the digits, hands, etc. 钟(或表)的面 5  a  the functional or working side of a tool etc. (器具等的)工作面b  the distinctive side of a playing card (纸牌的)正面c  the obverse of a coin (硬币的)正面 6  = TYPEFACE  7  the outward appearance or aspect 外表，外观；局势，形势  the unacceptable face of capitalism  无法接受的资本主义形势 8  a person, esp. conveying some quality or association (尤指体现某种特性或联想的)人  a face from the past  过去认识的人 some young faces for a change  用几名年轻人以带来新气象 9  esteem, respectable reputation 面子；威信；自尊；尊严  defeat would entail a loss of face  失败将意味着丢失脸面 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  look or be positioned towards or in a certain direction 面向，面对，对着  face towards the window  朝着窗子 facing the window  面向窗子 the room faces north  房间面朝北 2 tr.  be opposite 正对  facing page 20  正对着第 20 页 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 down, out)  meet resolutely or defiantly; confront 毅然相对；勇敢迎接  face one's critics  勇敢地面对批评b  not shrink from 不退却；正视  face the facts  正视现实 4 tr.  present itself to; confront 把…摆在面前；面临  the problem that faces us  我们所面临的问题 faces us with a problem  把问题摆在我们面前 5 tr.  a  cover the surface of (a thing) with a coating, extra layer, etc. 抹盖，覆盖b  put a facing on (a garment) 给(衣服)镶边 6 intr. & tr.  turn or cause to turn in a certain direction (使)转向 □ face down (or downwards)   with the face or surface turned towards the ground, floor, etc. (see also sense 3a of v. 另见动词释义 3a) 面朝下□ face facts (or the facts)   recognize the truth 面对事实；承认现状□ face off   take up an attitude of confrontation, esp. at the start of a fight, game, etc. (尤指打仗、比赛等开始时与对手)对峙□ face the music   put up with or stand up to unpleasant consequences, esp. criticism 忍受(或承担)不愉快的后果(尤指批评)□ face to face  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  facing; confronting each other 面对面□ face up (or upwards)   with the face or surface turned upwards to view 面朝上□ face up to   accept bravely; confront; stand up to 勇敢地接受；大胆地面对(或对付)□ have the face   be shameless enough 恬不知耻地□ in one's (or the) face   1  straight against one; as one approaches 迎面 2  confronting 面临，面对□ in face (or the face) of   1  despite 不管，不顾 2  confronted by 面对着□ in your face   see 见 IN-YOUR-FACE □ let's face it  colloq.  we must be honest or realistic about it [口]让我们正视现实；咱们实话实说吧□ on the face of it   as it would appear 从表面上看；乍看起来□ put a bold (or brave) face on it   accept difficulty etc. cheerfully or with courage 愉快(或勇敢)地面对困难等□ put one's face on  colloq.  apply make-up to one's face [口]给面部化妆□ put a good face on   make (a matter) look well 粉饰，使面目一新□ put a new face on   alter the aspect of 使改观□ save face   preserve esteem; avoid humiliation 保全面子，避免羞辱□ save a person's face   enable a person to save face; forbear from humiliating a person 保全某人面子，避免羞辱某人□ set one's face against   oppose or resist with determination 坚决反对(或抵制)□ show one's face   see 见 SHOW □ to a person's face   openly in a person's presence 当面；直率地□ faced  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  具有…脸型的；有…表面的；有…贴边的□ facing  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin facies]

face-ache n. Brit. [英]  1  neuralgia 面部神经痛 2 slang  a mournful-looking or ugly person [俚语]愁眉苦脸的人；丑陋的人

face card n.  = COURT CARD 

facecloth /ˈfeisklɒθ/ n.  1  a cloth for washing one's face (洗脸用的)毛巾，面巾 2  a smooth-surfaced woollen cloth 光面呢料

face cream n.  a cosmetic cream applied to the face to improve the complexion 面膏，雪花膏

face flannel n. Brit. [英]  = FACECLOTH 1 

faceless /ˈfeislis/ adj.  1  without identity; purposely not identifiable 身份不明的，无法辨认的；匿名的 2  lacking character 无个性的 3  without a face 无脸的，无面的 □ facelessness  n.  

facelift /ˈfeislift/ n.  1  cosmetic surgery to remove wrinkles etc. by tightening the skin of the face (将面部皮肤拉紧以消除皱纹的)整容手术，面部拉皮手术 2  a procedure to improve the appearance of a thing 外观整修，外观美化

face mask n.  1  a mask covering the nose and mouth or nose and eyes 面具，面罩 2  = FACE PACK 

face-off n.  a direct confrontation 对峙，对抗

face pack n. Brit.  a preparation beneficial to the complexion, spread over the face and removed when dry [英]美容洁肤膏；面霜

face paint n.  paint for applying to the face (口红、胭脂等)面部化妆品 □ face-painter  n.  化妆师□ face-painting  n.  化妆

faceplate /ˈfeispleit/ n.  1  an enlarged end or attachment on the end of a mandrel of a lathe, on which work can be mounted (机床装加工件用的)花盘 2  a plate protecting a piece of machinery etc. (机械等的)防护板 3  the glass window of a diver's helmet 潜水员头盔的玻璃窗

face powder n.  a cosmetic powder for reducing the shine on the face (扑面用的)香粉，面粉

facer /ˈfeisə/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a sudden difficulty or obstacle [英] (突然出现的)难题，障碍 2  a blow in the face 面部所受的一击

face-saving n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  the preserving of one's reputation, credibility, etc. 保全面子 □ face-saver  n.  保全面子的举动

facet /ˈfæsit, -et/ n.  1  a particular aspect of a thing (事物的)一个方面 2  one side of a many-sided body, esp. of a cut gem 多面体的面(尤指宝石的琢面) 3  one segment of a compound eye (昆虫复眼的)小眼面 □ faceted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [French facette, diminutive (as FACE, -ETTE)]

facetiae /fəˈsi:ʃii:/ n. pl.  1  pleasantries, witticisms 诙谐言语，打趣文字 2 (in bookselling) pornography 色情书刊；低级噱头 [Latin, pl. of facetia ‘jest’ from facetus ‘witty’]

facetious /fəˈsi:ʃəs/ adj.  1  characterized by flippant or inopportune humour (轻佻或不合时宜地)引人发笑的；诙谐的 2 (of a person) intending to be amusing, esp. inopportunely (尤指在不适当的场合)说笑的；不正经的 □ facetiously  adv.  □ facetiousness  n.   [French facétieux from facétie, from Latin facetia ‘jest’]

face-to-face attrib. adj.  with the people involved facing each other or in each other's presence 面对面的  face-to-face discussions  面对面的讨论

face value n.  1  the nominal value as printed or stamped on money (钱币的)面值；票面价值 2  the superficial appearance or implication of a thing (事物的)表面；字面意义

faceworker /ˈfeiswɜ:kə/ n.  a miner who works at the coalface 在(煤矿)采掘面工作的矿工

facia /ˈfeiʃə/ n. (also 亦作 fascia)  1 Brit. [英]  a  the instrument panel of a motor vehicle (机动车的)仪表板b  any similar panel or plate for operating machinery (用于操纵机器的)仪表板，仪表盘 2  the upper part of a shopfront with the proprietor's name etc. (店门上面的)招牌

facial /ˈfeiʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or for the face 面部的；面部用的 ●n.  a beauty treatment for the face 美容 □ facially  adv.   [medieval Latin facialis (as FACE)]

-facient /ˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ comb. form  forming adjectives and nouns indicating an action or state produced (abortifacient 堕胎药) [构词成分]构成形容词和名词，表示行为或造成的状态 [from or after Latin -faciens -entis, part. of facere ‘make’]

facies /ˈfeiʃii:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 Med.  the appearance or facial expression of an individual 【医】面容；外形，外表 2 Geol.  the character of rock etc. expressed by its composition, fossil content, etc. 【地质】相 [Latin, = FACE]

facile /ˈfæsail, -sil/ adj. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1  easily achieved but of little value 容易做到(但价值不大)的 2 (of speech, writing, etc.) fluent, ready, glib (说话或写作等)流畅的，熟练的；口齿伶俐的 □ facilely  adv.  □ facileness  n.   [French facile or Latin facilis, from facere ‘do’]

facilitate /fəˈsiliteit/ v. tr.  make easy or less difficult or more easily achieved 使变得容易；使更容易做到 □ facilitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ facilitative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ facilitator  n.   [French faciliter via Italian facilitare, from facile ‘easy’, from Latin facilis]

facility /fəˈsiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ease; absence of difficulty 容易；简易；方便，便利 2  fluency, dexterity, aptitude 流畅；机敏，灵巧；技巧  facility of expression  表达流畅 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an opportunity, the equipment, or the resources for doing something 机会；设备；资源 4 US  a plant, installation, or establishment [美]工厂；设施；机构 [French facilité or Latin facilitas (as FACILE)]

facing /ˈfeisiŋ/ n.  1  a  a layer of material covering part of a garment etc. for contrast or strength (衣服等上的)贴边，镶边b (in pl. 用复数)  the cuffs, collar, etc., of a military jacket (军装上衣的)袖口、衣领等 2  an outer layer covering the surface of a wall etc. (覆盖墙壁等表面的)饰面；覆盖面

facsimile /fækˈsimili/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an exact copy, esp. of writing, printing, a picture, etc. (文字、印刷品、图画等)精确的复制；摹写 often 常作 attrib.: facsimile edition  摹真版 2  a  production of an exact copy of a document etc. by electronic scanning and transmission of the resulting data (see also 另见 FAX) 传真；传真通信b  a copy produced in this way 传真文本 ●v. tr. (facsimiled, facsimileing)  make a facsimile of 摹写；复制 □ in facsimile   as an exact copy 逼真，惟妙惟肖 [modern Latin from Latin fac, imperative of facere ‘make’ + simile, neut. of similis ‘like’]

fact /fækt/ n.  1  a thing that is known to have occurred, to exist, or to be true 事实；真相 2  a datum of experience (经验)事实 often foll. by an explanatory clause or phrase 常后跟解释性从句或词组 : the fact that fire burns  火能灼伤人这一事实 the fact of my having seen them  我曾见过他们这一事实 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an item of verified information; a piece of evidence 已证实的信息；证据 4  truth, reality 客观现实；真实性 5  a thing assumed as the basis for argument or inference (假设的)论证或推理的事实依据 □ before (or after) the fact   before (or after) the committing of a crime 作案前(或后)□ a fact of life   something that must be accepted 必须接受的事实，无法回避的事实□ facts and figures   precise details 精确的资料，准确的情报□ in (or in point of) fact   1  in reality; as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，其实 2 (in summarizing) in short 总之 [Latin factum, from facere ‘do’]

factice /ˈfæktis/ n. Chem.  a rubber-like substance obtained by vulcanizing unsaturated vegetable oils 【化】(通过硫化非饱和植物油而提取的)橡胶状物质，(硫化)油膏，油胶 [German Faktis from Latin facticius ‘artificial, FACTITIOUS’]

faction1 /ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a small organized dissentient group within a larger one, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)派别，宗派，派系 2  a state of dissension within an organization 派系斗争，内讧 [French from Latin factio -onis, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

faction2 /ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  a book, film, etc., using real events as a basis for a fictional narrative or dramatization (基于真实事件而创作的)纪实小说或电影 [blend of FACT and FICTION]

-faction /ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ comb. form  forming nouns of action from verbs in -fy (petrifaction 石化; satisfaction 满意) [构词成分]用以构成与 -fy 结尾动词相对应的动作名词 [from or suggested by Latin -factio -factionis from -facere ‘do, make’]

factional /ˈfækʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or characterized by faction 派别(间)的 2  belonging to a faction 属于某派别(或宗派)的 □ factionalism  n.  □ factionalize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ factionally  adv.   [FACTION1]

factious /ˈfækʃəs/ adj.  of, characterized by, or inclined to faction 闹派别的，好结党营私的 □ factiously  adv.  □ factiousness  n.   [FACTION1]■Usage 用法说明 The similarity in sense between faction (see FACTION1 1) and fraction (see FRACTION 4) may lead to confusion between the adjectives factious and fractious. Fractious, however is now only used to mean ‘unruly’ or ‘peevish’. faction (见 FACTION11) 与 fraction (见 FRACTION 4) 意义相近，可能会使人混淆形容词 factious 和 fractious 。但是 fractious 现仅用来表示 unruly (难以控制的，难驾驭的；不守规则的；蛮横的；任性的)或 peevish (易怒的，脾气怪戾的；喜欢闹别扭的)。 

factitious /fækˈtiʃəs/ adj.  1  specially contrived, not genuine 专门设计的；人为的，人工的；非真实的  factitious value  不真实的价值 2  artificial, not natural 做作的，装成的；不自然的；虚假的  factitious joy  虚假的快乐 □ factitiously  adv.  □ factitiousness  n.   [Latin facticius from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

factitive /ˈfæktitiv/ adj. Gram. (of a verb) having a sense of regarding or designating, and taking a complement as well as an object (e.g. 如 appointed me captain 任命我为船长) 【语法】(动词)使役的；使役动词的 [modern Latin factitivus, formed irregularly from Latin factitare, frequentative of facere fact- ‘do, make’]

factoid /ˈfæktɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an assumption or speculation that is reported and repeated so often that it becomes accepted as fact; a simulated or imagined fact (因多次报导和重复而被作为事实接受的)假设，推测；假想的事实 2 US  a brief or trivial item of news or information [美] (简短的或不重要的)新闻(或信息) ●adj.  being or having the character of a factoid; containing factoids 假设的，推测的，推断的

factor /ˈfæktə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a circumstance, fact, or influence contributing to a result 因素 2 Math.  a whole number etc. that when multiplied with another produces a given number or expression 【数】因数，因子 3 Biol.  a gene etc. determining hereditary character 【生】遗传因子，基因 4 (foll. by identifying number 后跟区分号码) Med.  any of a group of substances in the blood contributing to coagulation 【医】凝血因子  factor eight  凝血因子Ⅷ，抗血友病因子，抗血友病球蛋白 5  a  a business agent; a merchant buying and selling on commission (企业的)代理商；(代客买卖收取佣金的)经纪人，代理人b Sc.  a land agent or steward [苏格兰]地产经管人；管家c  an agent or deputy 代理商；经销商；代办人 6  a company that buys a manufacturer's invoices and takes responsibility for collecting the payments due on them (垫付并代收账款从中收取佣金的)代理商 ●v. tr.  1 Math.  resolve into factors or components 【数】分解因子；把…分解成 2 tr.  sell (one's receivable debts) to a factor (将可收回的债务)售给代理商 □ factorable  adj.   [French facteur or Latin factor, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

factorage /ˈfækt(ə)ridʒ/ n.  commission or charges payable to a factor 应付给代理商的佣金

factor analysis n.  a process by which the relative importance of variables in the study of a sample is assessed by mathematical techniques 因子分析，因素分析

factorial /fækˈtɔ:riəl/ n. & adj. Math. 【数】  ●n.  1  the product of a number and all the whole numbers below it 阶乘  factorial four  4 的阶乘 = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 (symbol! as in 4! 阶乘符号为！如 4! 为 4 的阶乘) 2  the product of a series of factors in an arithmetical progression 阶乘积 ●adj.  of a factor or factorial 阶乘的，因数的 □ factorially  adv.  

factorize /ˈfæktəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise) Math. 【数】  1 tr.  resolve into factors 将…分解成因子 2 intr.  be capable of resolution into factors 可分成因子 □ factorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  因子分解

factor VIII n. (also 亦作 factor eight) Med.  a blood protein involved in clotting, whose deficiency causes haemophilia 【医】凝血因子Ⅷ，抗血友病因子，抗血友病球蛋白

factory /ˈfækt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a building or buildings containing plant or equipment, where manufacturing processes are carried out 工厂，制造厂 2 hist.  a merchant company's foreign trading station [史义] (商业公司在国外的)代理商行，代理店 [Late Latin factorium and Portuguese feitoria ultimately from Latin (as FACTOR)]

factory farming n.  a system of rearing livestock using industrial or intensive methods 工厂化饲养法(以工业或集约方式饲养禽畜的方法) □ factory farm  n.  

factory floor n.  workers in industry as distinct from management (不同于管理人员的)工人

factory ship n.  a fishing ship with facilities for immediate processing of the catch (配有鱼类加工设施的)捕鱼船

factory shop n. (also 亦作 factory outlet)  a shop in which goods, often surplus stock, are sold directly by the manufacturers at a discount 厂家以折扣方式直销商品(常为剩余存货)的商店

factotum /fækˈtəʊtəm/ n. (pl. factotums)  an employee who does all kinds of work 杂役，打杂的(人) [medieval Latin from Latin fac, imperative of facere ‘do, make’ + totum, neut. of totus ‘whole’]

fact sheet n.  a paper setting out relevant information 陈述(或宣布)有关信息的文件

facts of life n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  information about sexual functions and practices, esp. as given to children or teenagers (尤指传授给儿童或青少年的)性功能和性行为知识

factual /ˈfæktʃʊəl/ adj.  1  based on or concerned with fact or facts 根据事实的；有关事实的 2  actual, true 事实的，真实的 □ factuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ factually  adv.  □ factualness  n.   [FACT, on the pattern of actual]

factum /ˈfæktəm/ n. (pl. factums or facta /-tə/) Law 【法律】  1  an act or deed 行为；(做的)事情 2  a statement of facts 事实陈述书；辩驳书 [French from Latin: see FACT]

facture /ˈfæktʃə/ n.  the quality of execution, esp. of the surface of a painting (尤指绘画表面的)加工技能；(绘画的)笔法；制作法 [Middle English via Old French from Latin factura, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

facula /ˈfækjʊlə/ n. (pl. faculae /-li:/) Astron.  a bright spot or streak on the sun 【天】(太阳上的)光斑 □ facular  adj.  □ faculous  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of fax facis ‘torch’]

facultative /ˈfæk(ə)ltətiv/ adj.  1 Law  enabling an act to take place 【法律】允许的，授权的 2  that may occur 或许发生的 3 Biol.  not restricted to a particular function, mode of life, etc. 【生】兼性的 4  of a faculty 官能上的；才能上的，能力上的 □ facultatively  adv.   [French facultatif -ive (as FACULTY)]

faculty /ˈfæk(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an aptitude or ability for a particular activity 才能，能力 2  an inherent mental or physical power 智能；官能，机能 3  a Brit.  a group of university departments concerned with a major division of knowledge [英] (大学的)系，院  faculty of modern languages  现代语言系b N. Amer.  the teaching staff of a university or college [北美] (大学或学院的)全体教员c Brit.  a branch of art or science; those qualified to teach it [英]学科；(教授某一学科的)教师 4  the members of a particular profession, esp. medicine 某一专门职业(尤指医学界)的从业人员 5  authorization, esp. by a Church authority (尤指教会授予的)权力 [Middle English via Old French faculté from Latin facultas -tatis, from facilis ‘easy’]

Faculty of Advocates n.  the society constituting the Scottish Bar (苏格兰)律师公会，状师公会

FAD abbr.  flavin adenine dinucleotide [缩略]黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸

fad /fæd/ n.  1  a craze (一时的)狂热；(一时流行的)风尚 2  a peculiar notion or idiosyncrasy (别出心裁的)古怪念头，奇想 □ faddish  adj.  喜欢赶时髦的；一时流行的□ faddishly  adv.  □ faddishness  n.  □ faddism  n.  趋附时尚□ faddist  n.  趋附时尚的人 [19th c. (originally dialect): probably via fidfad from FIDDLE-FADDLE]

faddy /ˈfædi/ adj. (faddier, faddiest) Brit.  having arbitrary likes and dislikes, esp. about food [英] (尤指对食物)有怪癖好恶的 □ faddily  adv.  □ faddiness  n.  

fade /feid/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  lose or cause to lose colour 褪色；使褪色 2 intr.  lose freshness or strength; (of flowers etc.) droop, wither 衰弱；衰老；(花等)凋落，枯萎 3 intr.  a (of colour, light, etc.) disappear gradually; grow pale or dim (颜色、光线等)逐渐消失；变暗淡b (of sound) grow faint (声音)变微弱 4 intr. (of a feeling etc.) diminish (感情等)消退 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 away, out) (of a person etc.) disappear or depart gradually (人等)逐渐消失，慢慢离去 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out) Cinematog. & Broadcasting 【电影】【广播】  a  cause (a picture) to come gradually in or out of view on a screen, or to merge into another shot 使(画面在屏幕上)淡入(或淡出)b  make (the sound) more or less audible 使(声音)增强(或减弱) 7 intr. (of a radio signal) vary irregularly in intensity (无线电信号)强度不规则变化 8 intr. (of a brake) temporarily lose effectiveness (制动器)暂时失灵 9 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a intr. (of a ball) deviate from a straight course, esp. in a deliberate slice (球)偏离直线(尤指故意斜打)b tr.  cause (a ball) to fade 使(球)偏离直线 ●n.  the action or an instance of fading (画面)淡入(或淡出)；(声音)渐强(或渐弱) □ do a fade  slang  depart. [俚语]离去，跑掉□ fade away   languish, grow thin 凋萎；衰弱□ fadeless  adj.  不褪色的；不凋谢的；不衰落的□ fader  n. (in sense 6 of v. 用于动词释义 6)   [Middle English from Old French fader, from fade ‘dull, insipid’, probably ultimately from Latin fatuus ‘silly’ + vapidus VAPID]

fade-in n. Cinematog. & Broadcasting  the action or an instance of fading in a picture or sound 【电影】【广播】(画面)淡入，渐现；(音量)渐强

fade-out n.  1 colloq.  disappearance, death [口]消失；死亡 2 Cinematog. & Broadcasting  the action or an instance of fading out a picture or sound 【电影】【广播】(画面)淡出，渐隐；(音量)渐弱

fadge /fædʒ/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1  a limp package of wool 松软的一包羊毛 2  a loosely packed wool bale 打得不紧的一大包(或一大捆)羊毛 [16th-c. English dialect: origin uncertain]

fado /ˈfɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a type of (esp. plaintive) popular Portuguese song 法多歌，命运歌(一种忧伤的葡萄牙流行歌曲) [Portuguese, literally ‘fate’]

faeces /ˈfi:si:z/ n. pl. (US [美] feces)  waste matter discharged from the bowels 粪便，排泄物 □ faecal  /ˈfi:k(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin, pl. of faex ‘dregs’]

faerie /ˈfeiəri, ˈfɛəri/ n. (also 亦作 faery) archaic [古义]  1  fairyland; the fairies, esp. as represented by Spenser 仙乡，仙境；(尤指斯潘塞在《仙后》中所描述的)仙女  Faerie Queene  仙后 2 (作 attrib.)  visionary, fancied 梦幻的；只存在于想像中的 [variant of FAIRY]

Faeroese /fɛərəʊˈi:z/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Faroese) ●adj.  of or relating to the Faeroes, an island group in the N. Atlantic between Norway and Iceland (位于大西洋北部挪威与冰岛之间的)法罗群岛的；与法罗群岛有关的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of the Faeroes; a person of Faeroese descent 法罗群岛本地人；有法罗血统的人 2  the Norse language of the Faeroese 法罗语

faff /fæf/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  fuss, dither 无事奔忙，小题大做 ●n.  a fuss 忙乱 [imitative]

fag1 /fæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit. colloq.  a piece of drudgery; a wearisome or unwelcome task [尤英口]枯燥而又吃力的工作，苦差事 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  a cigarette [尤英口]香烟 3 Brit. (at public schools) a junior pupil who runs errands for a senior [英] (英国公学中)为高年级生跑腿的低年级生 ●v. (fagged, fagging)  1 colloq. [口]  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  tire out; exhaust 使疲劳，使衰竭b intr. Brit.  toil [英]劳作 2 intr. Brit. (at public schools) act as a fag [英] (公学中)为(高年级生)跑腿 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Naut.  fray (the end of a rope etc.) 【海】磨损，磨散(绳索等的末端) [16th c., origin unknown: cf. FLAG1]

fag2 /fæɡ/ n. N. Amer. slang offens.  a male homosexual [北美] [俚语] [冒犯]男同性恋者 [abbreviation of FAGGOT]

fag end n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a cigarette end [英]烟蒂 2  an inferior or useless remnant 低劣(或无用)的剩余物

faggot /ˈfæɡət/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit.  a ball or roll of seasoned chopped liver etc., baked or fried [英] (用烤过或炸过并加入调味品的肝末等做成的)丸子(或肉卷) 2 (US [美] fagot)  a  a bundle of sticks or twigs bound together as fuel 柴捆，枝条捆b  a bundle of iron rods for heat treatment (待热处理的)成捆铁条，束铁c  a bunch of herbs (用百里香、欧芹等扎成，放入羹汤或肉汁内作调味品用的)芳草束 3 slang [俚语]  a Brit. derog.  an unpleasant woman [英贬]讨厌的女人b N. Amer. offens.  a male homosexual [北美] [冒犯]男同性恋者 ●v. tr. (faggoted, faggoting; US [美] fagoted, fagoting)  1  bind in or make into faggots 捆，束 2  join by faggoting (see 见 FAGGOTING) 用花式针迹接(缝) □ faggoty  adj.  带脂粉气的；男同性恋的 [Middle English from Old French fagot, of uncertain origin]

faggoting /ˈfæɡətiŋ/ n. (US [美] fagoting)  1  embroidery in which threads are fastened together like a faggot (齿形的)花式针迹接缝，装饰线迹 2  the joining of materials in a similar manner (以类似方法进行的)材料拼接

fah /fɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 fa) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the fourth note of a major scale (首调唱名法)大音阶的第四音 2  the note F in the fixed-doh system (固定唱名法中的) F 音 [Middle English fa from Latin famuli: see GAMUT]

Fahr. abbr. [缩略]  Fahrenheit 

Fahrenheit /ˈfær(ə)nhait, ˈfɑ:r-/ adj.  of or measured on a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° under standard conditions 华氏温度计的，华氏的(标准条件下冰点为 32 度，沸点为 212 度) [named after G. Fahrenheit, German physicist d. 1736]

faience /faiˈɒ˜s, fei-, -ˈɑ:ns/ n.  decorated and glazed earthenware and porcelain, e.g. delft or majolica 彩陶器，釉陶；彩色瓷器(如代尔夫特精陶或马略尔卡陶器) [French faïence from Faenza, a city in Italy (originally denoting pottery made there)]

fail /feil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  not succeed 失败  failed in persuading  没能说服 failed to qualify  不合格 tried but failed  尝试过但没成功 2  a tr. & intr.  be unsuccessful in (an examination, test, interview, etc.); be rejected as a candidate (考试、测验、面试等)不及格；没通过b tr. (of a commodity etc.) not pass (a test of quality) (商品等)没通过(质量检测)c tr.  reject (a candidate etc.); adjudge unsuccessful 剔除(候选人等)；裁决…失败 3 intr.  be unable to; neglect to; choose not to 不能做；忽视做；宁愿不做  I fail to see the reason  我看不出原因 he failed to appear  他没能出现 4 tr.  disappoint; let down; not serve when needed 使失望；有负于；需要时不起作用 5 intr. (of supplies, crops, etc.) be or become lacking or insufficient (供应品、作物等)缺乏，不足，歉收 6 intr.  become weaker; cease functioning; break down 变弱；衰退；失灵，失去作用  her health is failing  她的健康每况愈下 the engine has failed  发动机出故障了 7 intr.  a (of an enterprise) collapse; come to nothing (企业)倒闭；没能实现b  become bankrupt 破产 ●n.  a failure in an examination or test (考试或测验)不及格 □ without fail   for certain, whatever happens 肯定，一定，务必 [Middle English from Old French faillir (v.), fail(l)e (n.), ultimately from Latin fallere ‘deceive’]

failed /feild/ adj.  1  unsuccessful; not good enough 失败了的；不够好的  a failed actor  不成功的演员 2  weak, deficient; broken-down 缺乏的；不足的；坏掉的，不能使用的  a failed crop  歉收的庄稼 a failed battery  失效的电池

failing /ˈfeiliŋ/ n. & prep. ●n.  a fault or shortcoming; a weakness, esp. in character 缺点，短处；(尤指性格中的)弱点 ●prep.  in default of; if not 如果缺少；若非如此

fail-safe adj.  reverting to a safe condition in the event of a breakdown etc. (指机器等)设有自动安全装置的；设备出现故障时能回到安全状态的

failure /ˈfeiljə/ n.  1  lack of success; failing 失败，不成功 2  an unsuccessful person, thing, or attempt 失败的人(事或尝试) 3  non-performance, non-occurrence 没做到；没发生 4  breaking down or ceasing to function 失灵，不起作用，故障  heart failure  心力衰竭 engine failure  发动机故障 5  running short of supply etc. 缺乏，不足 6  bankruptcy, collapse 破产，倒闭 [earlier failer from Anglo-French, = Old French faillir FAIL]

fain /fein/ adj. & adv. archaic [古义] ●predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  1  willing under the circumstances to 愿意的，乐意的 2  left with no alternative but to 不得不的 ●adv.  gladly  esp. 尤用于 would fain  欣然，乐意 [Old English fœgen, from Germanic]

faint /feint/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  indistinct, pale, dim; quiet; not clearly perceived 不清楚的；暗淡的；微弱的；模糊的 2 (of a person) weak or giddy; inclined to faint (指人)无力的，昏眩的；行将昏厥的 3  slight, remote, inadequate 微小的，微弱的；不足的  a faint chance  微弱的可能性 4  feeble, half-hearted 软弱无力的；半心半意的；缺乏热情的  faint praise  轻描淡写的赞扬 5  = FEINT2  ●v. intr.  1  lose consciousness from a drop in blood pressure (因血压降低而)失去知觉，昏厥 2  become faint 变得暗淡；变得微弱 ●n.  a sudden loss of consciousness; fainting 昏厥，不省人事 □ not have the faintest  colloq.  have no idea [口]一点儿不知道□ faintness  n.   [Middle English from Old French, past part. of faindre FEIGN]

faint heart n.  a cowardly nature 怯懦者，胆小者

faint-hearted adj.  cowardly, timid 怯懦的，胆小的 □ faint-heartedly  adv.  □ faint-heartedness  n.  

faintly /ˈfeintli/ adv.  1  very slightly 微弱地，微微地  faintly amused  略感趣味 2  indistinctly, feebly 模糊地；虚弱无力地

fainéant /ˈfeineiɒ˜/ n. & adj. ●n.  an idle or ineffective person 懒汉，游手好闲的人 ●adj.  idle, inactive 懒惰的，不干事的 [French, from fait ‘does’ + néant ‘nothing’]

fair1 /fɛə/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  just, unbiased, equitable; in accordance with the rules 公正的，公平的，平等的；按规则进行的 2  blond; light or pale in colour or complexion (头发)金色的；(颜色)浅的；(皮肤)白皙的 3  a  of (only) moderate quality or amount; average 不好不坏的，尚可的；中等的b  considerable, satisfactory 相当大(或多、长等)的；充足的  a fair chance of success  相当大的成功机会 4 (of weather) fine and dry; (of the wind) favourable (天气)好的，晴朗的；(风)和顺的 5  clean, clear, unblemished 干净的，清白的，无污点的  fair copy  誊清本，校正本 6  beautiful, attractive 美丽的，动人的 7 archaic  kind, gentle [古义]慈善的，和蔼的 8  a  specious 说得好听的，花言巧语的  fair speeches  花言巧语的演说b  complimentary 恭维的，奉承的  fair words  恭维话 9 Austral. & NZ  complete, unquestionable [澳新]完全的，毫无疑问的 ●adv.  1  in a fair manner 公正地，公平地；诚实地；按照规则地  play fair  公平地比赛 2 Brit.  exactly, completely [英]恰巧，正中；完全，彻底  was hit fair on the jaw  不偏不倚击中下巴 ●n.  1  a fair thing 美好的事物 2 archaic  a beautiful woman [古义]美女 ●v.  1 tr.  make (the surface of a ship, aircraft, etc.) smooth and streamlined 使(船、飞机等表面)光顺并成流线型 2 intr. dial. (of the weather) become fair [方] (天气)变得晴朗 □ fair and square  adv. & adj.  1  exactly 精确地 2  straightforward, honest, above board 光明正大的(地)；诚实的(地)□ fair crack of the whip   see 见 CRACK □ a fair deal   equitable treatment 公平对待□ fair dinkum   see 见 DINKUM □ fair dos  /du:z/ Brit. colloq.  fair shares [英口]公平的份额□ fair enough  colloq.  that is reasonable or acceptable [口]合理的；可接受的□ fair name   a good reputation 好名声□ fair's fair  colloq.  all involved should act fairly [口]所有参与的人都应当公正行事□ a fair treat  colloq.  a very enjoyable or attractive thing or person [口]十分值得一看的景物；十分漂亮的人□ for fair  US slang  completely [美] [俚语]完全□ in a fair way to   likely to 有可能□ fairish  adj.  □ fairness  n.   [Old English fœger, from Germanic]

fair2 /fɛə/ n. (also pseudo-archaic [亦仿古] fayre)  1  a gathering of stalls, amusements, etc., for public (usu. outdoor) entertainment 庙会 2  a periodical gathering for the sale of goods, often with entertainments 定期集市(常有娱乐表演) 3  an exhibition, esp. to promote particular products 商品展览会，商品交易会 [Middle English via Old French feire from Late Latin feria, sing. from Latin feriae ‘holiday’]

fair game n.  a thing or person one may legitimately pursue, exploit, etc. 可合法追逐(或利用)的人(或物)

fairground /ˈfɛəɡraʊnd/ n.  an outdoor area where a fair is held 集市(露天)场地

fairing1 /ˈfɛəriŋ/ n.  1  a streamlining structure added to a ship, aircraft, vehicle, etc. (船、飞机、车辆等的)整流片；整流罩 2  the process of streamlining 整流过程 [FAIR1 v. 1 + -ING1]

fairing2 /ˈfɛəriŋ/ n. Brit. archaic  a present bought at a fair [英古义]市场上买来的礼品

Fair Isle n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  a piece of knitwear knitted in a characteristic particoloured design (有费尔岛特色的)杂色图案毛线针织品(的) [Fair Isle in the Shetlands, where the design was first devised]

fairlead /ˈfɛəli:d/ n. Naut.  a device to guide rope etc., e.g. to prevent cutting or chafing 【海】(防止割断或磨损等用的)导缆孔；导缆器

fairly /ˈfɛəli/ adv.  1  in a fair manner; justly 公平地，公正地；诚实地 2  moderately, acceptably 适度地；尚可地  fairly good  还算好 3  to a noticeable degree 相当地  fairly narrow  相当窄 4  utterly, completely 完全地  fairly beside himself  他完全失去自制力 5  actually 简直；竟然  fairly jumped for joy  简直高兴得跳了起来 □ fairly and squarely   = fair and square (see 见 FAIR1) 

fair-minded adj.  just, impartial 公正的，不偏不倚的 □ fair-mindedly  adv.  □ fair-mindedness  n.  

fair play n.  reasonable treatment or behaviour 公平合理的处理(或对待)；公正合理的行为

fair rent n.  the amount of rent which a tenant may reasonably be expected to pay according to established guidelines (房客按照确定的标准应付的)房租

fair sex n. (prec. by 前接 the)  women 妇女；女性

fair-spoken adj.  courteous 彬彬有礼的；谈吐文雅的

fairwater /ˈfɛəwɔ:tə/ n.  a structure on a ship etc. assisting its passage through water 导流罩，导流帽(船舶等用以减少水阻力的结构)

fairway /ˈfɛəwei/ n.  1  a navigable channel; a regular course or track of a ship 航道，水路 2  the part of a golf course between a tee and its green, kept free of rough grass (高尔夫球场上的)平坦球道

fair-weather friend n.  a friend or ally who is unreliable in times of difficulty 不能共患难的朋友(或盟友)

fairy /ˈfɛəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small imaginary being of human form, believed to possess magical powers 小仙子；小精灵 2 slang offens.  a male homosexual [俚语] [冒犯]男同性恋者 ●adj.  of fairies, fairy-like, delicate, small 仙子的；仙子般的；优雅的；小巧玲珑的 □ fairy-like  adj.   [Middle English from Old French faerie, from fae FAY]

fairy armadillo n.  a very small furry burrowing armadillo of the genus Chlamyphorus 一种身体很小的穴居犰狳

fairy cake n. Brit.  a small individual usu. iced sponge cake [英] (供一人吃的、通常滚糖霜的)松软小蛋糕

fairy cycle n. Brit.  a small bicycle for a child [英]儿童自行车

fairy godmother n.  a benefactress 女恩人

fairyland /ˈfɛərilænd/ n.  1  the imaginary home of fairies 仙界；仙国 2  an enchanted region 仙境；奇境

fairy lights n. pl. esp. Brit.  small coloured lights, esp. for outdoor decoration [尤英] (尤指室外装饰用的)彩色小灯

fairy ring n.  a ring of darker grass caused by fungi 仙人圈(指真菌在草地上形成的深色环状斑纹)

fairy story n. (also 亦作 fairy tale)  1  a children's tale about fairies 童话故事，神话故事 2  an incredible story; a fabrication 不可信的事；捏造的事

fait accompli /feit əˈkɒ˜pli, əˈkɒmpli/ n. (pl. faits accomplis pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a thing that has been done and is past arguing against or altering 既成事实；无可争辩的事 [French, = accomplished fact]

faith /feiθ/ n.  1  complete trust or confidence 信任；信心 2  firm belief, esp. without logical proof 信仰；信念 3  a  a system of religious belief 宗教  the Christian faith  基督教b  belief in religious doctrines 对宗教的信仰c  spiritual apprehension of divine truth apart from proof 心灵感悟d  things believed or to be believed 相信(或要相信)的事情 4  duty or commitment to fulfil a trust, promise, etc.; obligation, allegiance 承诺，诺言；保证  keep faith  遵守诺言 5 (作 attrib.)  concerned with a supposed ability to cure by faith rather than treatment 信仰疗法(的)  faith healing  信仰疗法 ；信仰疗法导致的病愈 [Middle English via Anglo-French fed and Old French feid from Latin fides]

faithful /ˈfeiθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  showing faith 有信心的；有信念的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  loyal, trustworthy, constant 忠诚的；可信赖的；守信的 3  accurate; true to fact 准确可靠的，真实的  a faithful account  准确的报道 4  a (作 the Faithful)  the believers in a religion, esp. Muslims or Christians 宗教信徒(尤指伊斯兰教教徒或基督教教徒)b (作 the faithful)  the loyal adherents of a political party (政党的)忠实拥护者 □ faithfulness  n.  

faithfully /ˈfeiθfʊli, -f(ə)li/ adv.  in a faithful manner 忠实地；忠诚地；如实地 □ yours faithfully  esp. Brit.  a formula for ending a business or formal letter [尤英]您忠实的(商业或正式信函结尾时的套语)

faith healing n.  healing achieved by faith and prayer as opposed to conventional medicine (靠信仰和祈祷而非常规药物治病的)信仰疗法导致的病愈 □ faith healer  n.  

faithless /ˈfeiθlis/ adj.  1  false, unreliable, disloyal 不能信赖的，不可靠的；不忠实的 2  without religious faith 无宗教信仰的 □ faithlessly  adv.  □ faithlessness  n.  

fajita /fəˈhi:tə, fəˈdʒi:tə/ n.  a kind of soft tortilla wrapped around spiced meats, cheese, salad, etc. 松软的薄玉米煎饼(内裹奶酪、沙拉或调制过的肉类等) [Mexican Spanish]

fake1 /feik/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a thing or person that is not genuine 假货，膺品；骗子，冒充者 2  a trick 骗人的把戏，诡计；骗局 ●adj.  counterfeit; not genuine 伪造的；假的；骗人的 ●v. tr.  1  make (a false thing) appear genuine; forge, counterfeit 伪造，捏造 2  make a pretence of having (a feeling, illness, etc.) 假装，佯装 □ faker  n.  □ fakery  n.  欺骗，欺诈；伪造物 [obsolete feak, feague ‘thrash’ from German fegen ‘sweep, thrash’]

fake2 /feik/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  one round of a coil of rope (盘索的)一圈 ●v. tr.  coil (rope) 盘卷(绳索) [17th c.: perhaps related to Scottish faik ‘fold’]

fakir /ˈfeikiə, ˈfæ-/ n. (also 亦作 faquir)  a Muslim or (rarely) Hindu religious mendicant or ascetic (伊斯兰教或罕用于印度教的)游方修士，苦行僧 [Arabic fakīr ‘needy man’]

falafel var.  of FELAFEL  FELAFEL 的变体

Falange /fəˈlæn(d)ʒ, fəˈlɑ:n(d)ʒ/ n.  the Fascist movement in Spain, founded in 1933 长枪党(西班牙法西斯政党，成立于 1933 年) □ Falangism  n.  □ Falangist  n.   [Spanish, = PHALANX]

Falasha /fəˈlɑ:ʃə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Falashas)  an Ethiopian holding the Jewish faith 法拉沙人(信奉犹太教的埃塞俄比亚人) [Amharic, = exile, immigrant]

falcate /ˈfælkeit/ adj. Anat.  curved like a sickle 【解】镰刀状的 [Latin falcatus from falx falcis ‘sickle’]

falchion /ˈfɔ:l(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n. hist.  a broad curved sword with a convex edge [史义] (中世纪的)弯刃大刀 [Middle English fauchoun from Old French fauchon, ultimately from Latin falx falcis ‘sickle’]

falciform /ˈfælsifɔ:m/ adj. Anat.  curved like a sickle 【解】镰刀形的 [Latin falx falcis ‘sickle’]

falcon /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)n, ˈfɒlk(ə)n/ n.  1  any diurnal bird of prey of the family Falconidae, having long pointed wings, and sometimes trained to hunt small game for sport 隼；猎鹰 2 (in falconry) a female falcon (cf. 参见 TERCEL) (狩猎用的)雌猎鹰 [Middle English via Old French faucon from Late Latin falco -onis, perhaps from Latin falx ‘scythe’, or from Germanic]

falconer /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)nə, ˈfɒlk(ə)nə/ n.  1  a keeper and trainer of hawks 养猎鹰者；训练猎鹰者 2  a person who hunts with hawks 放鹰狩猎者 [Middle English from Anglo-French fauconer, Old French fauconier (as FALCON)]

falconet /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)nit/ n.  1 hist.  a light cannon [史义]轻炮 2 Zool.  a small falcon 【动】小隼，小鹰 [sense 1 from Italian falconetto, diminutive of falcone FALCON: sense 2 from FALCON + -ET1]

falconry /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)nri, ˈfɒlk(ə)nri/ n.  the breeding and training of hawks; the sport of hawking 猎鹰饲养和训练术；放鹰捕猎，鹰猎 [French fauconnerie (as FALCON)]

falderal /ˈfældəræl/ n. (also 亦作 folderol /ˈfɒldərɒl/)  1  a gewgaw or trifle 华而不实的小玩意；不值钱的东西 2  a nonsensical refrain in a song (歌曲中)无实义的叠句 3 esp. N. Amer.  nonsense; trivial display [尤北美]胡说八道；浅薄表现 [perhaps from falbala ‘trimming on a dress’: cf. FURBELOW]

faldstool /ˈfɔ:ldstu:l/ n.  1  a bishop's backless folding chair (主教坐的)无背折叠椅 2  a small movable desk for kneeling at prayer (祈祷时用的)跪几 [Old English fœldestōl from medieval Latin faldistolium, from West Germanic (as FOLD1, STOOL)]

fall /fɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past fell /fel/; past part. fallen /ˈfɔ:l(ə)n/)  1  a  go or come down freely; descend rapidly from a higher to a lower level (自由)下落，降落；(快速)跌落；掉下  fell from the top floor  从顶层掉了下来 rain was falling  雨正下着b  drop or be dropped 降下，落下  supplies fell by parachute  由降落伞空投的供应品 the curtain fell  幕落了 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  cease to stand upright 跌倒；摔倒  fell into my arms  跌入我的双臂 fell over the chair  摔倒在椅子上b  come suddenly to the ground (突然)摔倒在地c  prostrate oneself in order to worship or implore 拜倒(崇拜或祈求) 3 (foll. by 后跟 into)  stumble or be drawn into (a trap, an error, etc.) 跌入(陷井)；陷入(错误等) 4  become detached and descend or disappear 脱落 5  take a downward direction 朝向下方 :a (of hair, clothing, etc.) hang down (头发、衣服等)垂下，下垂b (of ground etc.) slope (地面等)倾斜c (foll. by 后跟 into) (of a river etc.) discharge into (河流等)注入，泄入 6  a  find a lower level; sink lower 下降；沉降b  subside, abate 减退，减弱 7 (of a barometer, thermometer, etc.) show a lower reading (气压、温度等)下降，降低 8  occur; become apparent or present 发生；降临  darkness fell  夜幕降临了 9  decline, diminish 降低，减少  demand is falling  需求在减少 standards have fallen  标准已降低 10  a (of the face) show dismay or disappointment (面部)露出沮丧(或失望)；(面色)变阴沉b (of the eyes or a glance) look downwards (眼睛或目光)下垂 11  a  lose power or status 失去(权力或地位)  the government will fall  政府要垮台了b  lose esteem, moral integrity, etc. 丧失(自尊、道德等) 12  commit sin; yield to temptation 犯罪；堕落 13  take or have a particular direction or place 落到；落向  his eye fell on me  他的目光落到了我身上 the accent falls on the first syllable  重音落在第一音节上 14  a  find a place; be naturally divisible 分成，分为  the subject falls into three parts  这个题目分为三部分b (foll. by 后跟 under, within)  be classed among 被列为；被归入…类别 15  occur at a specified time (在特定时刻)发生；到来  Easter falls early this year  今年复活节来得早 16  come by chance or duty 轮到；(偶然)落到  it fell to me to answer  该我回答了 17  a  pass into a specified condition 进入某种状态  fall into decay  腐朽 fell ill  生病了b  become 变得  fall asleep  睡着了 18  a (of a position etc.) be overthrown or captured; succumb to attack (地位等)被推翻(或被篡夺)；失守，被攻克b  be defeated; fail 垮台，失败 19  die 死亡  fall in battle  阵亡 20 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  attack 攻击b  meet with 遭遇，遇到c  embrace or embark on avidly (急不可待地)开始 21 (foll. by 后跟 to + verbal noun)  begin 开始  fell to wondering  开始疑惑 22 (foll. by 后跟 to)  lapse, revert 归转，归于  revenues fall to the Crown  税收归转王国政府 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of falling; a sudden rapid descent 落下；跌落；降落；掉下 2  that which falls or has fallen, e.g. snow, rocks, etc. 下落(或落下)的东西(如雪、岩石等) 3  the recorded amount of rainfall etc. (雨等的)降落量 4  a decline or diminution 下跌，降低；减少，减小 5  overthrow, downfall 垮台，倾覆；衰落  the fall of Rome  罗马的衰亡 6  a  succumbing to temptation 堕落b (作 the Fall)  the sin of Adam and its consequences, as described in Genesis 人类的堕落(基督教《旧约全书》第一卷《创世纪》中指亚当受诱惑吃禁果后陷入罪恶) 7  a (of material, land, light, etc.) a downward direction; a slope (布料、土地、光线等)下垂，下倾，下射；斜坡b  a downward difference in height 落差  a fall of 3 inches from back to front  前后 3 英寸的落差 8 (also 亦作 Fall) N. Amer.  autumn [北美]秋天，秋季 9  a (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a waterfall, cataract, or cascade 瀑布b  a long hairpiece 长假发 10 Mus.  a cadence 【音】(音乐的)终止 11  a  a wrestling bout; a throw in wrestling which keeps the opponent on the ground for a specified time (摔跤中)把对手摔倒；摔倒一次(使对手倒地达归定时间)b  a controlled act of falling, esp. as a stunt or in judo etc. (尤指在特技表演或柔道中有控制的)摔倒动作 12  a  the birth of young of certain animals (兽的)下崽b  the number of young born 一胎(的数量) 13  a rope of a hoisting-tackle 滑车索；辘绳 □ fall about  Brit. colloq.  be helpless, esp. with laughter [英口] (尤指笑得)无法自制□ fall apart (or to pieces)   1  break into pieces 破裂，破碎 2 (of a situation etc.) disintegrate; be reduced to chaos (局势等)崩溃；解体，散开；陷入混乱 3  lose one's capacity to cope 失去应付能力□ fall away   1 (of a surface) incline abruptly (指表面)突然倾斜 2  become few or thin; gradually vanish 减少；消瘦；消失 3  desert, revolt; abandon one's principles 遗弃；背叛；背弃原则□ fall back   retreat 撤退，退却□ fall back on   have recourse to in difficulty 求助于；依赖，依靠□ fall behind   1  be outstripped by one's competitors etc.; lag 落后于 2  be in arrears 拖欠(款项)；拖延(做某事)□ fall down  (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  fail; perform poorly; fail to deliver (payment etc.) 失败；未能做好；未能交付(款项等)□ fall for  colloq. [口]  1  be captivated or deceived by 被迷惑；受欺骗 2  yield to the charms or merits of 迷恋；爱上□ fall foul (N. Amer. also [北美亦] afoul)  of  come into conflict with; quarrel with 与…冲突；与…争吵□ fall in   1  a  take one's place in military formation 排队，站队；集合b (as 作 int.)  the order to do this (排队或集合用的口令)集合 2  collapse inwards 往里坍塌□ fall in love   see 见 LOVE □ fall into line   1  take one's place in the ranks 排成行，排齐 2  conform or collaborate with others 一致，符合；与…合作□ fall into place   begin to make sense or cohere 开始有头绪；(情况)开始变得清楚□ fall in with   1  meet by chance 偶然遇到 2  agree with; accede to; humour 同意，赞成，依从 3  coincide with 符合；适合□ fall off   1 (of demand etc.) decrease, deteriorate (需求等)减少；恶化 2  withdraw 离开；退开；疏远□ fall out   1  quarrel 争吵 2 (of the hair, teeth, etc.) become detached (头发、牙齿等)脱落 3 Mil.  come out of formation 【军】队伍解散 4  result; come to pass; occur 结果(是)；发生□ fall out of   gradually discontinue (a habit etc.) 逐渐中止(习惯等)□ fall over oneself  colloq. [口]  1  be eager or competitive 渴望，极想；争先恐后 2  be awkward, stumble through haste, confusion, etc. (因匆忙、慌乱等而)笨拙(或跌跤)□ fall short   1  be or become deficient or inadequate 缺乏，不足 2 (of a missile etc.) not reach its target (投射物等)未中目标□ fall short of   fail to reach or obtain 未达到；未获得□ fall through   fail; come to nothing; miscarry 失败；成为泡影；落空□ fall to   begin an activity, e.g. eating or working 开始某一行动(如吃饭、工作等) [Old English fallan, feallan, from Germanic]

fallacy /ˈfæləsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument 错误的见解；谬见 2  faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument 错误的推理；谬论 3 Logic  a flaw that vitiates an argument 【逻辑学】推理谬误 □ fallacious  /fəˈleiʃəs/ adj.  □ fallaciously  /fəˈleiʃəsli/ adv.  □ fallaciousness  /fəˈleiʃəsnis/ n.   [Latin fallacia via fallax-acis ‘deceiving’ from fallere ‘deceive’]

fall-back n. & adj. ●n.  1  a reserve; something that may be used in an emergency, esp. Brit. a fall-back wage 储备物；应急物；[尤英] (职工在无工作时领取的)最低保障工资 2  a falling back or reduction 回落；降低 ●attrib. adj.  1  reserve, emergency 储备的；应急备用的 2 Brit. (of a wage) comprising a minimum amount, paid when no work is available [英] (无工作时的)最低保障工资的

fallen /ˈfɔ:l(ə)n/ past part. of FALL v.; adj.  1 (作 attrib.)  having lost one's honour or reputation 堕落的 2  killed in war 战死的，阵亡的 □ fallenness  /ˈfɔ:l(ə)nnis/ n.  

faller /ˈfɔ:lə/ n.  a person, animal, or thing that falls, esp. a person or animal in a race, or the value of shares on the stock market (尤指在赛跑时)摔倒的人(或动物)；倒下的物体；下跌的股份

fallfish /ˈfɔ:lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a N. American freshwater fish, Semotilus corporalis, resembling the chub 瀑鱼(北美产的一种像雪鲦的鲤科淡水鱼，因常见于瀑布或急流而得名)

fall guy n. slang [俚语]  1  an easy victim 易上当的人，易受愚弄的人 2  a scapegoat 替罪羊，替死鬼

fallible /ˈfælib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of making mistakes 会犯错误的 2  liable to be erroneous 容易出差错的 □ fallibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ fallibly  adv.   [medieval Latin fallibilis from Latin fallere ‘deceive’]

falling-out n.  a quarrel 争吵

falling star n.  a meteor 流星

fall-off n.  a decrease, deterioration, withdrawal, etc. 下降，减少；退化；退出

Fallopian tube /fəˈləʊpiən/ n. Anat.  either of two tubes in female mammals along which ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus 【解】输卵管 [Fallopius, Latinized name of G. Fallopio, Italian anatomist d. 1562]

fallout /ˈfɔ:laʊt/ n.  1  radioactive debris caused by a nuclear explosion or accident (核爆炸或核事故引起的)放射性坠尘 2  the adverse side effects of a situation etc. (某一情形的有害)附带结果，余波

fallow1 /ˈfæləʊ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of land) ploughed and harrowed but left unsown for a year (耕地)犁过并耙过但不播种的，休闲的b  uncultivated 未耕种的；未开垦的 2 (of an idea etc.) potentially useful but not yet in use (想法等)可能有用的 3  inactive 不活跃的 4 (of a sow) not pregnant (母猪)未怀孕的 ●n.  fallow or uncultivated land 休闲地，休耕地；未垦地 ●v. tr.  break up (land) for sowing or to destroy weeds 翻耕(土地)以备播种(或除掉杂草) □ fallowness  n.   [Middle English from Old English fealh (n.), fealgian (v.)]

fallow2 /ˈfæləʊ/ adj.  of a pale brownish or reddish yellow 淡棕色的 [Old English falu, fealu, from Germanic]

fallow deer n.  a small deer, Cervus dama, having a white-spotted reddish-brown coat in the summer 黇鹿，扁角鹿(一种产于欧洲的小鹿，皮毛呈棕黄色，夏天带白斑)

fall-pipe n.  a downpipe 水落管

false /fɔ:ls, fɒls/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  not according with fact; wrong, incorrect 不真实的；错误的，不正确的  a false idea  错误的想法 2  a  spurious, sham, artificial 冒充的；假装的；人造的  false gods  假神 false teeth  假牙 false modesty  假谦虚b  acting as such; appearing to be such, esp. deceptively 虚伪的；不诚实的；看起来不真实的(尤指欺骗性的)  a false lining  假衬砌，假护面 3  illusory; not actually so 造成错觉的；似是而非的  a false economy  实际并不省钱 4  improperly so called 命名不当的  false acacia  刺槐 5  deceptive 骗人的；靠不住的 6 (foll. by 后跟 to)  deceitful, treacherous, or unfaithful 欺诈的；背信弃义的；不忠实的 7  fictitious or assumed 虚构的，假定的  gave a false name  起假名字 8  illegal 非法的  false imprisonment  非法拘禁 ●adv.  in a false manner (esp. 尤用于 play false 欺骗；出卖) 欺诈地；背信地 □ falsely  adv.  □ falseness  n.  □ falsity  n. (pl. -ies)   [Old English fals and Old French fals, faus from Latin falsus, past part. of fallere ‘deceive’]

false acacia  see 见 ACACIA 2 

false alarm n.  an alarm given needlessly 假警报；虚惊

false bedding n. Geol. 【地质】  = CROSS-BEDDING 

false colour n.  colour introduced during the production of an image to aid interpretation and not present in the object 伪色

false colours n. pl. Brit.  deceitful pretence [英]伪装，冒充

false dawn n.  1  a transient light in the east before dawn 假曙光(指破晓前的暂现光) 2  a promising sign which comes to nothing 令人空欢喜的好兆头

false gharial n.  a crocodile, Tomistoma schlegelii, of Indonesia and Malaysia, similar to the gharial (产于印尼及马来西亚，类似恒河鳄的)马来鳄

falsehood /ˈfɔ:lshʊd, ˈfɒls-/ n.  1  the state of being false, esp. untrue 虚假，虚妄 2  a false or untrue thing 不实之物；虚假之物 3  a  the act of lying 说谎；欺骗b  a lie or lies 谎言

false move n.  an imprudent or careless act 轻率粗心的举动

false pretences n. pl.  misrepresentations made with intent to deceive (esp. 尤用于 under false pretences 假借，在…借口下) (目的在于欺诈的)虚伪陈述

false rib n.  = FLOATING RIB 

false scent n.  1  a scent trail laid to deceive (用于欺骗的)嗅迹 2  false clues etc. intended to deflect pursuers (用于引开追逐者的)假线索

false scorpion  see 见 SCORPION 2 

false start n.  1  an invalid or disallowed start in a race (赛跑中)起跑犯规，抢跑 2  an unsuccessful attempt to begin something 不成功的开端

false step n.  a slip; a mistake 绊倒；失足；失策

false topaz n.  = CITRINE 

falsetto /fɔ:lˈsetəʊ, fɒl-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a method of voice production used by male singers, esp. tenors, to sing notes higher than their normal range (尤指男高音歌唱者使用比正常音域高的)假声(唱法) 2  a singer using this method 假声歌唱者 [Italian, diminutive of falso FALSE]

falsework /ˈfɔ:lswɜ:k, ˈfɒls-/ n.  a temporary framework or support used during building to form arches etc. (建筑用)脚手架；临时支撑物

falsies /ˈfɔ:lsiz, ˈfɒls-/ n. pl. colloq.  pads of material used to increase the apparent size of the breasts [口] (用以使乳房显得丰满的)文胸衬垫，妇女衬胸

falsify /ˈfɔ:lsifai, ˈfɒls-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  fraudulently alter or make false (a document, evidence, etc.) 篡改(或伪造) (文件、证据等) 2  misrepresent 歪曲 3  make wrong; pervert 搞错；误用 4  show to be false 证明虚假(或无根据) 5  disappoint (a hope, fear, etc.) 使(希望、恐惧等)不能成为现实 □ falsifiable  adj.  □ falsifiability  /-faiəˈbiliti/ n.  □ falsification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via French falsifier or medieval Latin falsificare from Latin falsificus ‘making false’, from falsus ‘false’]

Falstaffian /fɔ:lˈstɑ:fiən, fɒl-/ adj.  fat, jolly, or dissipated like Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff (像莎士比亚戏剧中约翰·福斯塔夫爵士一样)肥胖、乐观、好挥霍的；福斯塔夫似的

falter /ˈfɔ:ltə, ˈfɒl-/ v.  1 intr.  stumble, stagger; go unsteadily 踉跄，蹒跚；走不稳，摇晃 2 intr.  waver; lose courage 摇摆；丧失勇气，畏缩 3 tr. & intr.  stammer; speak hesitatingly 结巴地说；支吾地说 □ falterer  n.  □ falteringly  adv.   [Middle English: origin uncertain]

fame /feim/ n.  1  renown; the state of being famous 名气，名声，声望 2 archaic  reputation [古义]声誉 3 archaic  public report; rumour [古义]传闻；谣言 □ house of ill fame  archaic  a brothel [古义]妓院 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fama]

famed /feimd/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 for)  famous; much spoken of 著名的，有名的  famed for its good food  以美味食物而著名 2 archaic  currently reported [古义]广泛传播的，盛传的

familial /fəˈmiljəl/ adj.  of, occurring in, or characteristic of a family or its members 家庭(或家族)的；家庭(或家族)中发生的；家庭(或家族)成员特有的 [French from Latin familia FAMILY]

familiar /fəˈmiliə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  well known; no longer novel 熟知的；通晓的b  common, usual; often encountered or experienced 普通的，一般的；经常遇到(或经历)的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  knowing a thing well or in detail 熟悉的；详知的  am familiar with all the problems  我熟悉所有的问题 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  well acquainted (with a person); in close friendship; intimate (与某人)亲密的，友好的，亲近的b  sexually intimate (性关系)密切的，亲密的 4  excessively informal; impertinent 过分随便的；冒昧的；放肆的 5  unceremonious, informal 不拘泥形式的，随便的 ●n.  1  a close friend or associate 密友，伙伴 2 RC Ch.  a person rendering certain services in a pope's or bishop's household 【天主教】教皇(或主教)的仆人 3 (in full 全称 familiar spirit)  a demon supposedly attending and obeying a witch etc. (传说中供女巫等差遣的)妖精 □ familiarly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French familier from Latin familiaris (as FAMILY)]

familiarity /fəmiliˈæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being well known 熟知；通晓  the familiarity of the scene  对事件的熟知 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  close acquaintance 熟悉 3  a close relationship 亲密关系，亲近 4  a  sexual intimacy (性关系)亲密b (in pl. 用复数)  acts of physical intimacy 亲昵(或狎昵)的动作 5  behaviour that is familiar or informal, esp. excessively so (尤指过分的)亲密而随便的行为；冒失的行为 [Middle English via Old French familiarité from Latin familiaritas -tatis (as FAMILIAR)]

familiarize /fəˈmiliəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  make (a person) conversant or well acquainted 使(某人)熟悉，使通晓 2  make (a thing) well known 使(某物)尽人皆知 □ familiarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French familiariser from familiaire (as FAMILIAR)]

famille /fæˈmi:, 法 famij/ n.  a Chinese enamelled porcelain with a predominant colour : (famille jaune /ʒəʊn, 法 ʒon/) yellow, (famille noire /nwɑ:, 法 nwar/) black, (famille rose /rəʊz, 法 roz/) red, (famille verte /vɛət, 法 vɛrt/) green (有某种主色调的)中国彩釉瓷器：黄系列色料(中国黄釉瓷器)，黑系列色料(中国黑釉瓷器)，金紫红系列色料(中国红釉瓷器)，铬绿系列色料(中国绿釉瓷器) [French, = family]

family /ˈfæmili, -m(ə)l-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a set of parents and children, or of relations, living together or not 家，家庭 2  a  the members of a household, esp. parents and their children 家庭成员(尤指父母及其子女)b  a person's children 子女c (作 attrib.)  serving the needs of families 为家庭服务的  family butcher  为家庭提供肉食的家庭肉商 3  a  all the descendants of a common ancestor; a house, a lineage 家族；氏族b  a race or group of peoples from a common stock 人种；种族；民族 4  all the languages ultimately derived from a particular early language, regarded as a group 语族 5  a group of persons or nations united by political or religious ties (政治或宗教方面的)派，派别；学派 6  a group of objects distinguished by common features (有共同特征的)一组东西 7 Math.  a group of curves etc. obtained by varying one quantity 【数】曲线族，一族曲线 8 Biol.  a group of related genera of organisms within an order in taxonomic classification 【生】(动植物的)科 □ in the family way  colloq.  pregnant [口]怀孕 [Middle English from Latin familia ‘household’, from famulus ‘servant’]

family allowance n. Brit.  a former name for CHILD BENEFIT [英] CHILD BENEFIT 的旧称

family credit n. (in the UK) a regular payment by the state to a family with an income below a certain level (英国) (国家定期付给低收入家庭的)家庭救济金

Family Division n. (in the UK) a division of the High Court dealing with adoption, divorce, etc. (英国) (高级法院中处理收养、离婚等事务的)家庭部

family man n.  a man having a wife and children, esp. one fond of family life (尤指喜欢家庭生活的)有妻子儿女的人

family name n.  a surname 姓

family planning n.  birth control 计划生育

family tree n.  a chart showing relationships and lines of descent 家谱；家谱图

famine /ˈfæmin/ n.  1  a  extreme scarcity of food 极度缺乏食物，饥荒b  a shortage of something specified 短缺  a labour famine  劳动力短缺 2 archaic  hunger, starvation [古义]饥饿 [Middle English from Old French, from faim, from Latin fames ‘hunger’]

famish /ˈfæmiʃ/ v.  1 v. tr. & intr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  reduce or be reduced to extreme hunger 使极度饥饿，使挨饿 2 intr. colloq.  feel very hungry [口]感到(非常)饥饿 [Middle English from obsolete fame, from Old French afamer, ultimately from Latin fames ‘hunger’]

famous /ˈfeiməs/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  celebrated; well known 出名的，著名的 2 colloq.  excellent [口]极好的 □ famousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French fameus from Latin famosus, from fama ‘fame’]

famously /ˈfeiməsli/ adv.  1 colloq.  excellently [口]极好地  got on famously  相处得极好 2  notably 著名地，出名地

famulus /ˈfæmjʊləs/ n. (pl. famuli /-lai, -li:/) hist.  an attendant on a magician or scholar [史义] (中世纪巫师或学者的)助手，侍从 [Latin, = servant]

fan1 /fæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an apparatus, usu. with rotating blades, giving a current of air for ventilation etc. 风扇 2  a device, usu. folding and forming a semicircle when spread out, for agitating the air to cool oneself 折扇，扇子 3  anything spread out like a fan, e.g. a bird's tail or kind of ornamental vaulting 扇状物(如鸟的尾部或装饰用扇形穹顶)  fan tracery  扇形花格 4  a device for winnowing grain 簸箕；扬谷机 5  a fan-shaped deposit of alluvium, esp. where a stream begins to descend a gentler slope (尤指河流平缓斜坡的)冲积扇；淤积扇 6  a small sail for keeping the head of a windmill towards the wind (使风车头部朝风的)小翼板 ●v. (fanned, fanning)  1 tr.  a  blow a current of air on, with or as with a fan 扇b  agitate (the air) with a fan 扇动(空气) 2 tr. (of a breeze) blow gently on; cool (微风)吹拂；使变凉 3 tr.  a  winnow (grain) 扬(或簸) (谷物)b  winnow away (chaff) 扬去(或簸去) (谷壳等) 4 tr.  sweep away by or as by the wind from a fan 扇掉，扇走 5 intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  spread out in the shape of a fan 展成扇形 □ fanlike  adj.  □ fanner  n.  扇风者；鼓风机；通风机；扬谷机 [Old English fann (in sense 4 of n.) from Latin vannus ‘winnowingfan’]

fan2 /fæn/ n.  a devotee of a particular activity, performer, etc. (某一特殊活动或表演者等的)狂热爱好者，迷  film fan  电影迷 football fan  足球迷 □ fandom  n.   [abbreviation of FANATIC]

fanatic /fəˈnætik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person filled with excessive and often misguided enthusiasm for something 狂热者，入迷者 ●adj.  excessively enthusiastic 狂热的，入迷的 □ fanatical  adj.  □ fanatically  adv.  □ fanaticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.  狂热，入迷□ fanaticize  /-tisaiz/ v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [originally in religious sense: French fanatique or Latin fanaticus, from fanum ‘temple’]

fan belt n.  a belt that drives a fan to cool the radiator in a motor vehicle (驱动风扇冷却机动车辆散热器的)风扇皮带

fancier /ˈfænsiə/ n.  a connoisseur or follower of some activity or thing (某活动或某事物的)行家；爱好者，迷  pigeon fancier  养鸽行家；养鸽迷

fanciful /ˈfænsifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  existing only in the imagination or fancy 想像中的，幻想中的 2  indulging in fancies; whimsical, capricious 沉湎于幻想的，爱空想的；忽发奇想的 3  fantastically designed, ornamented, etc.; odd-looking (设计、装饰等)怪异的；看起来古怪的 □ fancifully  adv.  □ fancifulness  n.  

fan club n.  an organized group of devotees 追星族俱乐部

fancy /ˈfænsi/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an individual taste or inclination (个人)爱好，嗜好 2  a caprice or whim 突生的念头；怪念头 3  a thing favoured, e.g. a horse to win a race 看好的事物(如能赢得比赛的马) 4  an arbitrary supposition (任意的)假设 5  a  the faculty of using imagination or of inventing imagery 想像力；幻想力b  a mental image 想像出来的形象 6  delusion; unfounded belief 错觉，幻觉；(无根据的)信念 7 (prec. by 前接 the)  those who have a certain hobby; fanciers, esp. patrons of boxing 有爱好者；迷(尤指赞助拳击的拳击迷) ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (fancier, fanciest)  1  ornamental; not plain 有装饰的；精致的；花哨的 2  capricious, whimsical, extravagant 空想的，异想天开的；古怪的；过分的，价格离谱的  at a fancy price  以离谱的价格 3  based on imagination, not fact 基于想像而非事实的，凭想像的 4 (of foods etc.) of fine quality (食物等)质量上乘的，精美的 5 (of flowers etc.) particoloured (花等)杂色的 6 (of an animal) bred for particular points of beauty etc. (动物)因美丽而饲养的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  be inclined to suppose; rather think 猜想，设想；(宁肯)认为，相信 2 Brit. colloq.  feel a desire for [英口]渴望；想要  do you fancy a drink?  想喝点什么吗？ 3 Brit. colloq.  find sexually attractive [英口] (因性感而)喜欢，爱慕 4 colloq.  have an unduly high opinion of (oneself, one's ability, etc.) [口]自负，自命不凡 5  select (a horse, team, etc.) as the likely winner 选择(某一匹马或某一参赛队等)为可能的获胜者 6 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  expressing surprise 表示惊讶  fancy their doing that!  真想不到他们竟做出那样的事！ 7  picture to oneself; conceive, imagine 设想，想像 □ catch (or take) a person's fancy   please or appeal to a person 合某人的意；吸引某人□ take a fancy to   become (esp. inexplicably) fond of (尤指莫名其妙地)喜欢上，爱上□ fanciable  adj. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)  □ fancily  adv.  □ fanciness  n.   [contraction of FANTASY]

fancy dress n.  fanciful costume, esp. for masquerading as a different person or as an animal etc. at a party (尤指化装舞会上扮作他人或扮成动物等而穿的)奇装异服，化装服

fancy-free adj. (often in phr. 常用于短语 footloose and fancy-free)  without (esp. emotional) commitments (尤指感情上)无拘无束的，无忧无虑的；无恋爱对象的；未订婚的

fancy goods n.  ornamental novelties etc. (装饰用的)新奇物品

fancy man n. slang derog. [俚语] [贬]  1  a woman's lover (已婚妇女的)情夫 2  a pimp 为妓女拉客的男子

fancy woman n. slang derog.  a mistress [俚语] [贬]情妇

fancy-work n.  ornamental sewing etc. (装饰用的)刺绣品；钩编织品

fan dance n.  a dance in which the dancer is (apparently) nude and partly concealed by fans 扇舞(跳舞者看似裸体，但部分身子为扇子所遮掩)

fandangle /fænˈdæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  a fantastic ornament 精致的装饰品 2  nonsense, tomfoolery 胡言乱语；胡闹；愚蠢的举动 [perhaps from FANDANGO influenced by newfangle]

fandango /fænˈdæŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a  a lively Spanish dance for two 方丹戈舞(一种欢快的西班牙双人舞)b  the music for this 方丹戈舞曲 2  nonsense, tomfoolery 胡言乱语；胡闹；愚蠢的举动 [Spanish: origin unknown]

fandom /ˈfændəm/ n.  the world of fans and enthusiasts, esp. of fans of science fiction magazines and conventions (尤指科幻杂志及一些习俗的)狂热爱好者(总称)

fane /fein/ n. poet. [诗]  = TEMPLE1n. 1  [Middle English from Latin fanum]

fanfare /ˈfænfɛə/ n.  1  a short showy or ceremonious sounding of trumpets, bugles, etc. (炫耀的或仪式上的喇叭、号等吹奏的)短奏 2  an elaborate welcome 精心准备的欢迎仪式 [French, imitative]

fanfaronade /ˌfænfærəˈneid, -ˈnɑ:d/ n.  1  arrogant talk; brag 夸口，吹牛 2  a fanfare (炫耀的或仪式的喇叭、号等吹奏的)短奏；精心准备的欢迎仪式 [French fanfaronnade from fanfaron ‘braggart’ (as FANFARE)]

fang /fæŋ/ n.  1  a large sharp tooth, esp. a canine tooth of a dog or wolf (尤指狗或狼的)大而尖的牙 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  the tooth of a venomous snake, by which poison is injected (毒蛇的)毒牙b  the biting mouthpart of a spider (蜘蛛叮咬用的)口器，(蜘蛛的)有毒螯肢 3  the root of a tooth or its prong 牙根；牙尖 4 Brit. colloq.  a person's tooth [英口] (人的)牙齿 □ fanged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ fangless  adj.   [Old English via Old Norse fang from a Germanic root = to catch]

fan heater n.  an electric heater in which a fan drives air over an element (用风扇吹送热空气的)风扇式电热器

fan-jet n.  = TURBOFAN 

fanlight /ˈfænlait/ n.  a small originally semicircular window over a door or another window (门或窗子上方的)扇形窗(原为扇形)

fan mail n.  letters from fans 仰慕者来信，狂热爱好者来信

fanny /ˈfæni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit. coarse slang  the female genitals [英] [粗俗俚语]女性生殖器，女性阴部 2 N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [北美] [俚语]屁股 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Fanny Adams /fæni ˈædəmz/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1 (also 亦作 sweet Fanny Adams)  nothing at all 乌有，一点没有 2 Naut. 【海】  a  tinned meat 罐头肉b  stew 炖(或焖、煨)的食物 [name of a murder victim c. 1870]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, Fanny Adams, or its abbreviated form FA, is sometimes understood as a euphemism for fuck all. 在释义 1 中， Fanny Adams 或其缩略形式 FA 有时被理解为 fuck all 的委婉语。 

fanny pack n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BUMBAG 

fan palm n.  a palm tree with fan-shaped leaves 扇叶葵，蒲葵

fantail /ˈfænteil/ n.  1  a pigeon with a broad tail 扇尾鸽 2  any flycatcher of the genus Rhipidura, with a fan-shaped tail 扇尾鹟(鹟科小鸟，捕食蝇及其他昆虫) 3  a fan-shaped tail or end 扇形尾(或末端) 4  the fan of a windmill 风车的翼片 5  the projecting part of a boat's stern 扇形船尾，鸭尾艄 □ fantailed  adj.  

fan-tan /ˈfæntæn/ n.  1  a Chinese gambling game in which players try to guess the remainder after the banker has divided a number of hidden objects into four groups 番摊(中国的一种赌博游戏) 2  a card game in which players build on sequences of sevens 接龙(一种牌戏，以扑克牌的 7 点为中心，向两头按顺序接下去) [Chinese, = repeated divisions]

fantasia /fænˈteiziə, fæntəˈzi:ə/ n.  a musical or other composition free in form and often in improvisatory style; a composition which is based on several familiar tunes 幻想曲；幻想作品；(由数种熟悉的曲调穿插而成的)集成曲 [Italian, = FANTASY]

fantasize /ˈfæntəsaiz/ v. (also 亦作 phantasize, -ise)  1 intr.  have a fantasy or fanciful vision 空想，做白日梦 2 tr.  imagine; create a fantasy about 想像，幻想 □ fantasist  n.  

fantast /ˈfæntæst/ n. (also 亦作 phantast)  a visionary; a dreamer 幻想家，空想家 [medieval Latin from Greek phantastēs ‘boaster’ via phantazomai ‘make a show’ from phainō ‘show’]

fantastic /fænˈtæstik/ adj. (also 亦作 fantastical)  1 colloq.  excellent, extraordinary [口]极好的，非同一般的 2  extravagantly fanciful; capricious, eccentric 空想的，异想天开的；怪诞的，奇异的 3  grotesque or quaint in design etc. (设计等)古怪的，离奇的 □ fantasticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ fantastically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French fantastique, medieval Latin fantasticus, and Late Latin phantasticus from Greek phantastikos (as FANTAST)]

fantasticate /fænˈtæstikeit/ v. tr.  make fantastic 使变得荒诞，使变得离奇 □ fantastication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fantasy /ˈfæntəsi, -zi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 phantasy) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the faculty of inventing images, esp. extravagant or visionary ones 想像，幻想 2  a fanciful mental image; a daydream 幻想(或想像)的产物，幻象；白日梦 3  a whimsical speculation 怪念头 4  a fantastic invention or composition; a fantasia 奇妙的发明(或作品)；幻想曲；幻想作品 5  a genre of imaginative fiction involving fantastic stories, often in a magical pseudo-historical setting 幻想小说 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  imagine, fancy 想像，幻想 [Middle English via Old French fantasie and Latin phantasia ‘appearance’ from Greek (as FANTAST)]

fantasy football n. (also 亦作 fantasy cricket etc.)  a competition in which participants select imaginary teams from among the players in a league etc. and score points according to the actual performance of their players 假想足球(赛) (一种参与者从竞赛联合会等的球员中选择假想的球队，然后根据球队球员的实际表现计算得分的竞赛)

Fanti /ˈfænti/ n. (also 亦作 Fante) (pl. same 单复同 or Fantis)  1  a member of a black people inhabiting southern Ghana 芳蒂人(居住于加纳南部地区的黑人部落) 2  the language of this people 芳蒂语 [native name]

fanzine /ˈfænzi:n/ n.  a magazine for fans, esp. those of science fiction, sport, or popular music (尤指为科幻小说迷、体育及流行音乐迷创办的)爱好者杂志 [FAN2 + MAGAZINE]

FAO abbr.  Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) [缩略] (联合国)粮农组织

far /fɑ:/ adv. & adj. (further, furthest or farther, farthest) ●adv.  1  at or to or by a great distance 远，遥远地  far away  在远处 far off  远隔 far out  在深远处 2  a long way (off) in space or time (时间或空间)远，久远地  are you travelling far?  你要走得很远吗？ we talked far into the night  我们谈到深夜 3  to a great extent or degree; by much 在很大程度上；很，极  far better  好得多 far too early  过早 ●adj.  1  situated at or extending over a great distance in space or time; remote (空间或时间)远的，久远的，遥远的  a far country  远方的国家 2  more distant 较远的  the far end of the hall  大厅的那一头 3  extreme 极端的  far left  极左的 □ as far as   1  to the distance of (a place) 远到(某地)；一直到 2  to the extent that 达到…的程度；尽…，就…，至于  travel as far as you like  你想走多远就走多远吧□ by far   by a great amount …得多；最；显然□ far and away   by a very large amount 非常；无疑地，显然□ far and near   everywhere 到处，四面八方□ far and wide   over a large area 在广大的范围内，广泛地，到处□ far be it from me  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  I am reluctant to (esp. express criticism etc.) 我不愿(尤指不愿表示批评等)□ far from   very different from being; tending to the opposite of 完全不，远远不  the problem is far from being solved  问题远远没有得到解决□ go far   1  achieve much 大有成就 2  contribute greatly 大有帮助，起很大作用 3  be adequate 足够，充足□ go too far   go beyond the limits of what is reasonable, polite, etc. 过分，过火□ how far   to what extent 在多大程度上□ so far   1  to such an extent or distance; to this point 就此程度(或范围)来说；到(这点)为止 2  until now 迄今为止□ so (or in so) far as (or that)   to the extent that 到…程度；在…范围内□ so far so good   progress has been satisfactory up to now 到目前为止进展令人满意 [Old English feor