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Character: 醴
Modern (Beijing) reading: lǐ
Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ījʔ
Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ī́j
Western Han Chinese: r(h)jǝ̄́j
Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)iǝ̄́j
Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iḗj
Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iḗj
Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iḗj
Middle Chinese: líej
English meaning : sweet unclarified wine
Russian meaning[s]: сладкое вино; сладкий; молодое вино; наливка
Radical: 164
Four-angle index: 571
Karlgren code: 0597 e-g
Character: 釋
Modern (Beijing) reading: shì
English meaning : to put away, do away
Russian meaning[s]: 1) объяснять, разъяснять; 2) отменять, устранять; 3) распускать, рассеивать; 4) растаять; 5) освобождать; развязывать, снимать; 6) Шакьямуни (имя Будды ); буддийский; буддизм
Radical: 165
Four-angle index: 2446
Karlgren code: 0790 l
Character: 鐘
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhōng
Preclassic Old Chinese: toŋ
Classic Old Chinese: toŋ
Western Han Chinese: toŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: ćoŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćoŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćoŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćoŋ
Middle Chinese: ćöuŋ
English meaning : a bell
Russian meaning[s]: 1) колокол; 2) часы (башенные, стенные, настольные ); 3) час (время и единица времени ); 4) Чжун (фамилия )
Shuowen gloss: 樂鐘也.秋分之音.萬物種成.故謂之鐘.從金.童聲.古者垂作鐘.鐘或從甬.
Comments: In Viet. also read as chuông.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tŭm
Meaning: bell, musical instrument
Kachin: dum2 play a musical instrument.
Lushai: tum to play (a musical instrument), KC *tum .
Comments: Dimasa dām; Miri -dum play music. Sh. 48, 194. MCh. ćöuŋ > Tib. ćoŋ a musical instrument, a bell.
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2496
Character: 鐘
MC description : 通合三平鍾章
ZIHUI: 6988 2662
Beijing: c̣uŋ 11
Jinan: c̣uŋ 11
Xi'an: pfoŋ 11
Taiyuan: cuŋ 1
Hankou: coŋ 11
Chengdu: coŋ 11
Yangzhou: cɔuŋ 11
Suzhou: coŋ 11
Wenzhou: ćyɔ 11
Changsha: c̣oŋ 11
Shuangfeng: ćin 11
Nanchang: cuŋ 11
Meixian: cuŋ 11
Guangzhou: čuŋ 11
Xiamen: ciɔŋ 11
Chaozhou: ceŋ 11
Fuzhou: cyŋ 11
Shanghai: coŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: čiuŋ 1
Radical: 167
Four-angle index: 445
Karlgren code: 1188 x
Vietnamese reading: chung
Jianchuan Bai: cü̃4
Dali Bai: cu5
Bijiang Bai: cõ2
Shijing occurrences: 1.3
Character: 鐃
Modern (Beijing) reading: nao
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 1164 r
Character: 鏽
Modern (Beijing) reading: xiù
Russian meaning[s]: ржавчина
Radical: 167
Four-angle index: 2052
Character: 闡
Modern (Beijing) reading: chǎn
Preclassic Old Chinese: tharʔ
Classic Old Chinese: thán
Western Han Chinese: thán
Eastern Han Chinese: ćhán
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhén
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhén
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhén
Middle Chinese: ćhén
English meaning : to open up, make clear, explain [LZ]
Russian meaning[s]: открыть; показать; объяснять, выявлять, раскрывать (смысл )
Radical: 169
Four-angle index: 3407
Karlgren code: 0147 x
Character: 霰
Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn
Preclassic Old Chinese: sēns
Classic Old Chinese: sēnh
Western Han Chinese: sjānh
Eastern Han Chinese: siānh
Early Postclassic Chinese: siḕn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: siḕn
Late Postclassic Chinese: siḕn
Middle Chinese: sìen
English meaning : sleet
Russian meaning[s]: 1) крупа (снежная ); 2) 17-е число (в телеграммах )
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sēr ( ~ ch-)
Meaning: sleet, hail
Tibetan: ser-ba hail.
Kachin: sin1 hail, hailstones.
Comments: Sh. 52; Bod. 173; Coblin 135. Cf. perhaps Tani *sar 'wind'.
Radical: 173
Four-angle index: 6197
Karlgren code: 0156 d
Character: 飄
Modern (Beijing) reading: piāo
English meaning : to whirl; whirlwind
Russian meaning[s]: 1) вихрь, смерч; 2) дуть; колыхаться, носиться (по ветру ); 3) плавать
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2497
Character: 飄
MC description : 效開三平宵滂
ZIHUI: 7374 1408
Beijing: phiau 11
Jinan: phiɔ 11
Xi'an: phiau 11
Taiyuan: phiau 1
Hankou: phiau 11
Chengdu: phiau 11
Yangzhou: phiɔ 11
Suzhou: phiä 11
Wenzhou: phiɛ 11
Changsha: phiau 11
Shuangfeng: phiǝ 11
Nanchang: phiɛu 11
Meixian: phiau 11
Guangzhou: phiu 11
Xiamen: phiau 11
Chaozhou: phiǝu 11
Fuzhou: phieu 11
Shanghai: phiɔ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: phiau 1
Radical: 182
Four-angle index: 7660
Karlgren code: 1157 e
Character: 饒
Modern (Beijing) reading: ráo
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋew
Classic Old Chinese: ŋew
Western Han Chinese: ŋjaw
Eastern Han Chinese: ńaw
Early Postclassic Chinese: ńew
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńew
Late Postclassic Chinese: ńew
Middle Chinese: ńew
English meaning : abundant, numerous [Han]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) богатый, обильный; тучный (о земле ); в избытке; во множестве; 2) добавить; добавочно, дополнительно; 3) втянуть, втравить; 4) прощать, снисходить; пощадить; жертвовать; щедрый; снисходительный; 5) пусть даже; хотя бы; 6) болтать; 7) Жао (фамилия )
Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is nhiêu. The character has also a number of later attested meanings: 'to forgive'; 'to chat'. Min dialects reflect an archaic *ŋ-: cf. Xiamen giau2 , Fuzhou ŋieu2 , Jianou ŋiau2 .
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2498
Character: 饒
MC description : 效開三平宵日
ZIHUI: 7437 1379
Beijing: ẓau 12
Jinan: ẓɔ 12
Xi'an: ẓau 12
Taiyuan: zau 1
Hankou: nau 12
Chengdu: zau 12
Yangzhou: sɔ 12
Suzhou: ńiä 12
Wenzhou: ńiɛ 12
Changsha: iau 12
Shuangfeng: iǝ 12
Nanchang: iɛu 31
Meixian: ńiau 12
Guangzhou: jiu 12
Xiamen: giau 12
Chaozhou: ziǝu 12
Fuzhou: ŋieu 12
Shanghai: ńiɔ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: žiau 12
Radical: 184
Four-angle index: 7322
Karlgren code: 1164 o
Vietnamese reading: nhiều
Character: 饑
Modern (Beijing) reading: jī
Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝj
Classic Old Chinese: kǝj
Western Han Chinese: kǝj
Eastern Han Chinese: kǝj
Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨj
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨj
Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨj
Middle Chinese: kɨj
English meaning : famine, esp. want of grain
Russian meaning[s]: неурожай; голодный (неурожайный) год; голод; голодный; голодать
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kǝ̆j (~g-,q-,G-,-ɨ̆-)
Meaning: famine, fast
Tibetan: dge-ba fasting, abstinence.
Radical: 184
Four-angle index: 6884
Karlgren code: 0547 k
Character: 馨
Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn
English meaning : fragrant, fragrance
Russian meaning[s]: 1) сильный аромат; ароматный, душистый; 2) перен. хорошая репутация; 3) грам. ср. кит. вм. 樣, 般 в конструкциях уподобления
Radical: 186
Four-angle index: 1561
Karlgren code: 0832 f
Character: 騫
Modern (Beijing) reading: qiān
Preclassic Old Chinese: khran
Classic Old Chinese: khran
Western Han Chinese: khran
Eastern Han Chinese: khran
Early Postclassic Chinese: khen
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khen
Late Postclassic Chinese: khen
Middle Chinese: khen
English meaning : be defective, injured
Russian meaning[s]: 1) подпруга; 2) поднять; подняться, взлететь; 3) вытащить, выдернуть, вм. 搴; 4) изъян, недостаток; ошибка; проступок, см. 愆; 5) поднять голову; [jiǎn] кляча
Radical: 187
Four-angle index: 4601
Karlgren code: 0143 h
Character: 騰
Modern (Beijing) reading: téng
Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhǝ̄ŋ
Classic Old Chinese: Łhǝ̄ŋ
Western Han Chinese: Łhǝ̄ŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄ŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄ŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄ŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄ŋ
Middle Chinese: dʌŋ
English meaning : to rise, overcome
Russian meaning[s]: 1) скакать, перескакивать; вскочить; подняться, взлететь; 2) сесть на...; оседлать; 3) освободить, очистить; уступить (напр. помещение ); 4) переложить, поместить в другое место
Comments: The word can be connected etymologically with 揚 *Łaŋ 'to lift, raise' q.v. For *Łh- cf. Xiamen thiŋ2 , Chaozhou theŋ2 .
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2499
Character: 騰
MC description : 曾開一平登定
ZIHUI: 7506 2442
Beijing: thǝŋ 12
Jinan: thǝŋ 12
Xi'an: thǝŋ 12
Taiyuan: thǝŋ 1
Hankou: thǝn 12
Chengdu: thǝn 12
Yangzhou: thǝŋ 12
Suzhou: dǝn 12
Wenzhou: daŋ 12
Changsha: tǝn 12
Shuangfeng: diɛ̃ 12
Nanchang: thɛn 12
Meixian: thɛn 12
Guangzhou: thaŋ 12
Xiamen: thîŋ 12 (lit.); tĩ 12
Chaozhou: theŋ 12
Fuzhou: teiŋ 12
Shanghai: tǝŋ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: thǝŋ 12
Radical: 187
Four-angle index: 4603
Karlgren code: 0893 v
Go-on: dou
Kan-on: tou
Japanese reading: tō;agaru;ageru;noboru;noru
Character: 騷
Modern (Beijing) reading: sāo
English meaning : to move, shake, disturb
Russian meaning[s]: 1) беспокоить, тревожить; 2) бунтовать; бунт, мятеж; 3) скорбеть, грустить, печалиться; скорбь, печаль; 4) стыдиться, см. 臊; 5) развратный, порочный; 6) поэт. стиль классической элегии
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2500
Character: 騷
MC description : 效開一平豪心
ZIHUI: 7510 1345
Beijing: sau 11
Jinan: sɔ 11
Xi'an: cau 11
Taiyuan: sau 1
Hankou: sau 11
Chengdu: sau 11
Yangzhou: sɔ 11
Suzhou: sä 11
Wenzhou: sз 11
Changsha: sз 11
Shuangfeng: sǝ 11
Nanchang: sau 11
Meixian: sau 11
Guangzhou: šou 11
Xiamen: so 11
Chaozhou: sau 11
Fuzhou: sɔ 11
Shanghai: zɔ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: sau 1
Radical: 187
Four-angle index: 8748
Karlgren code: 1112 g
Character: 騵
Modern (Beijing) reading: yuán
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)or
Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)on
Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)on
Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)on
Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)on
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)on
Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)on
Middle Chinese: ŋwǝn
English meaning : bay horse with white belly
Russian meaning[s]: рыжая лошадь с белым брюхом
Radical: 187
Four-angle index: 8247
Karlgren code: 0258 g
Character: 鰓
Modern (Beijing) reading: sāi
Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ̄
Classic Old Chinese: sǝ̄
Western Han Chinese: sǝ̄
Eastern Han Chinese: sǝ̄
Early Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄
Late Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄j
Middle Chinese: sʌj
English meaning : gills [Jin]
Russian meaning[s]: жабры
Radical: 195
Four-angle index: 8394
Go-on: sai
Kan-on: sai
Japanese reading: sai;shi;era;agito
Character: 鰍
Modern (Beijing) reading: qiū
Russian meaning[s]: зоол. голец
Radical: 195
Four-angle index: 5466
Character: 鹹
Modern (Beijing) reading: xián
Preclassic Old Chinese: grǝ̄m
Classic Old Chinese: grǝ̄m
Western Han Chinese: grǝ̄m
Eastern Han Chinese: grǝ̄m
Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̣̄m
Middle Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄m
Late Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄m
Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈m
English meaning : salt, salty
Russian meaning[s]: 1) соленый; горько-соленый; 2) соленый, приготовленный в рассоле
Comments: For *g cf. Xiamen kiam2 , Chaozhou kiǝm2 , Fuzhou keŋ2 , Jianou kɛiŋ9 .
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *jam (r-)
Meaning: salt
Tibetan: rgjam-chwa a k. of salt, like crystal, lgyjam-chwa a k. of rock-salt.
Burmese: jamh gunpowder, saltpetre.
Kachin: jam1 a k. of salt.
Lepcha: vóm salt
Comments: Ben. 57; Mat. 184. Cf. also scattered Austric forms: Thai ra:m 'good taste', Khmer kra:m 'saltpeter', Viet. rùm 'rock salt'.
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2501
Character: 鹹
MC description : 咸開二平咸匣
ZIHUI: 7768 1876
Beijing: śian 12
Jinan: śiã 12
Xi'an: śiã 12
Taiyuan: śiɛ 1
Hankou: śian 12
Chengdu: xan 12
Yangzhou: xɛ̃ 12; śiɛ̃ 12 (lit.)
Suzhou: î 12; ɦe_ 12
Wenzhou: ɦa 11
Changsha: xan 12
Shuangfeng: ɣã 12
Nanchang: han 12
Meixian: ham 12
Guangzhou: hām 12
Xiamen: ham 12 (lit.); kiam 12
Chaozhou: kiǝm 12
Fuzhou: keiŋ 12
Shanghai: ɦe_ 32
Radical: 197
Four-angle index: 6846
Karlgren code: 0671 f
Character: 麵
Modern (Beijing) reading: miàn
Preclassic Old Chinese: mēns
Classic Old Chinese: mēnh
Western Han Chinese: mjānh
Eastern Han Chinese: miānh
Early Postclassic Chinese: miḕn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: miḕn
Late Postclassic Chinese: miḕn
Middle Chinese: mìen
English meaning : wheat floor; noodles [Jin]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) пшеничная мука; мука; мучной; порошок; 2) тесто; лапша, вермишель
Comments: Viet. mì is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is miến. For *m cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou mi6 , Fuzhou mieŋ6 , Jianou miŋ6 .
Radical: 199
Four-angle index: 6280
Vietnamese reading: mì
Character: 黨
Modern (Beijing) reading: dǎng
Preclassic Old Chinese: tāŋʔ
Classic Old Chinese: tā́ŋ
Western Han Chinese: tā́ŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: tā́ŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: tā́ŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: tā́ŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: tā́ŋ
Middle Chinese: tấŋ
English meaning : partisan, partial
Russian meaning[s]: 1) партия; партийный; 2) стар. сообщничество; сообщники; единомышленники; 3) стар. родственники; люди одного клана; 4) древн. административная единица в 500 дворов ; 5) примыкать; держаться одной стороны; поддерживать; заискивать; 6) прямой, открытый (о речах ), вм. 讜; 7) Дан (фамилия )
Dialectal data: Dialectal data Number: 2502
Character: 黨
MC description : 宕開一上蕩端
ZIHUI: 8093 2244
Beijing: taŋ 2
Jinan: taŋ 2
Xi'an: taŋ 2
Taiyuan: ta_̃ 2
Hankou: taŋ 2
Chengdu: taŋ 2
Yangzhou: tâŋ 2
Suzhou: ta_ŋ 2
Wenzhou: tɔ 21
Changsha: tan 2
Shuangfeng: taŋ 2
Nanchang: tɔŋ 2
Meixian: tɔŋ 2
Guangzhou: tɔŋ 21
Xiamen: tɔŋ 2
Chaozhou: taŋ 21
Fuzhou: touŋ 2
Shanghai: ta_̃ 3
Radical: 203
Four-angle index: 8531
Karlgren code: 0725 r
Vietnamese reading: d_a`ng
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,bigchina-reading,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-reading,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-reading,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-viet,bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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