English meaning :name of a stroke in writing [Han]
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:heti
Kan-on:hetu
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:gǎn
Preclassic Old Chinese:kārʔ
Classic Old Chinese:kā́n
Western Han Chinese:kā́n
Eastern Han Chinese:kā́n
Early Postclassic Chinese:kā́n
Middle Postclassic Chinese:kā́n
Late Postclassic Chinese:kā́n
Middle Chinese:kấn
English meaning :to laminate, roll, make thinner [Tang]
Comments:The MC reading comes from Tsiyün.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Vietnamese reading:cán
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:jiāng
Preclassic Old Chinese:kaŋ
Classic Old Chinese:kaŋ
Western Han Chinese:kaŋ
Eastern Han Chinese:kaŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese:kaŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese:kaŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese:kaŋ
Middle Chinese:kaŋ
English meaning :bridle, reins [Han]
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Vietnamese reading:cu'o'ng
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:yǎ
Preclassic Old Chinese:ʔrāʔ
Classic Old Chinese:ʔrā́
Western Han Chinese:ʔrā́
Eastern Han Chinese:ʔrǟ́
Early Postclassic Chinese:ʔạ̄́
Middle Postclassic Chinese:ʔạ̄́
Late Postclassic Chinese:ʔạ̄́
Middle Chinese:ʔạ́
English meaning :mute [Ji]
Comments:= 啞 q.v.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:e
Kan-on:a
Japanese reading:e;a;oshi
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:bì
Preclassic Old Chinese:pit
Classic Old Chinese:pit
Western Han Chinese:pjǝt
Eastern Han Chinese:pjǝt
Early Postclassic Chinese:pjit
Middle Postclassic Chinese:pjit
Late Postclassic Chinese:pjit
Middle Chinese:pjit
English meaning :leggings
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:dòu
Preclassic Old Chinese:tōks
Classic Old Chinese:tōh
Western Han Chinese:twāh
Eastern Han Chinese:twāh
Early Postclassic Chinese:tṑw
Middle Postclassic Chinese:tǝ̄̀w
Late Postclassic Chinese:tǝ̄̀w
Middle Chinese:tʌ̀w
English meaning :to come in contact with, meet
Comments:See 鬥 *tōks.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:yì
Preclassic Old Chinese:ŋhēk
Classic Old Chinese:ŋhēk
Western Han Chinese:ŋhēk
Eastern Han Chinese:ŋhiēk
Early Postclassic Chinese:ŋhiēk
Middle Postclassic Chinese:ŋhiēk
Late Postclassic Chinese:ŋhiēk
Middle Chinese:ŋiek
English meaning :a k. of water fowl [Song]
Comments:= **. For *ŋh- cf. Fuzhou ŋak7, ŋauk7. During L. Zhou the character is attested in an onomatopoeic reduplication *ŋhēk-ŋhēk 'goose cry'.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:giyaku
Kan-on:geki
Japanese reading:gyaku;geki;ge;gei;aosagi
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:yì
Preclassic Old Chinese:ŋhēk
Classic Old Chinese:ŋhēk
Western Han Chinese:ŋhēk
Eastern Han Chinese:ŋhiēk
Early Postclassic Chinese:ŋhiēk
Middle Postclassic Chinese:ŋhiēk
Late Postclassic Chinese:ŋhiēk
Middle Chinese:ŋiek
English meaning :a k. of water fowl [L. Zhou]
Comments:= ** q.v.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:giyaku
Kan-on:geki
Japanese reading:gyaku;geki;aosagi
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:tūn
Preclassic Old Chinese:thūr
Classic Old Chinese:thūn
Western Han Chinese:thūn
Eastern Han Chinese:thūn
Early Postclassic Chinese:thūn
Middle Postclassic Chinese:thūn
Late Postclassic Chinese:thūn
Middle Chinese:thon
English meaning :bright [L.Zhou]
Comments:Also read *dur, MC ʒ́win (FQ 常倫) id.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:ton
Kan-on:ton
Japanese reading:ton;jun;shun;sakan;akarui
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:yì
Preclassic Old Chinese:lǝs
Classic Old Chinese:lǝh
Western Han Chinese:lǝh
Eastern Han Chinese:źǝh
Early Postclassic Chinese:źɨ̀
Middle Postclassic Chinese:jɨ̀
Late Postclassic Chinese:jɨ̀
Middle Chinese:jɨ̀
English meaning :to raise, lift
Comments:The word is attested already in Shujing, but is absent from Schüssler's dictionary. The character was used later as a loan for 異 q.v., and still later - as a loan for 已 *lǝ 'to stop, finish'. Etymologically - probably an ablaut variant of *la 'up, above', see 舁.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:i
Kan-on:i
Japanese reading:i;ageru;yameru
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:huì
Preclassic Old Chinese:swats
Classic Old Chinese:w̥ać
Western Han Chinese:w̥aś
Eastern Han Chinese:hjw̥aś
Early Postclassic Chinese:hjwaś
Middle Postclassic Chinese:hjwǝ̀j
Late Postclassic Chinese:hjwǝ̀j
Middle Chinese:xwǝ̀j
English meaning :beard under chin [L.Zhou]
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:kuwe
Kan-on:kuwai
Japanese reading:kai;ke;agohige
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:nì
Preclassic Old Chinese:n(h)it
Classic Old Chinese:n(h)it
Western Han Chinese:n(h)jǝt
Eastern Han Chinese:ń(h)ǝt
Early Postclassic Chinese:ń(h)it
Middle Postclassic Chinese:ń(h)it
Late Postclassic Chinese:ń(h)it
Middle Chinese:ńit
English meaning :women's underwear [L.Zhou]
Comments:Modern Pek. nì is irregular (reflecting a variant MC *ṇit - also reflected in a variant Kanon reading ditu).
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:niti
Kan-on:zitu
Japanese reading:jitsu;nichi;akome
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:tiaō
Preclassic Old Chinese:sl(h)īw
Classic Old Chinese:(s)l̥īw
Western Han Chinese:(s)l̥jǝ̄w
Eastern Han Chinese:l̥iǝ̄w
Early Postclassic Chinese:thiēw
Middle Postclassic Chinese:thiēw
Late Postclassic Chinese:thiēw
Middle Chinese:thiew
English meaning :a k. of woven bamboo basket [L.Zhou]
Comments:Also read *l(h)īw-s, MC dìew (FQ 徒弔), Go deu, Kan teu id.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Go-on:teu
Kan-on:teu
Japanese reading:chō;teki;jaku;jō;ajika
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:huì
Preclassic Old Chinese:w(h)ījs
Classic Old Chinese:w(h)īć
Western Han Chinese:w(h)jǝ̄ś
Eastern Han Chinese:w(h)iǝ̄ś
Early Postclassic Chinese:w(h)iēś
Middle Postclassic Chinese:w(h)iḕj
Late Postclassic Chinese:w(h)iḕj
Middle Chinese:ɣwìej
English meaning :it should be, should be
Comments:The reading is provisional (there are no MC spellings). The character is actually a full synonym of 唯 *wij q.v., thus it may have been read *wij or *wījs - to account for its being phonetic in 惠 *w(h)īts (*w(h)ījs) etc.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Character:**
Modern (Beijing) reading:jué
Preclassic Old Chinese:krōk
Classic Old Chinese:krōk
Western Han Chinese:krōk
Eastern Han Chinese:krōk
Early Postclassic Chinese:kọ̄k
Middle Postclassic Chinese:kọ̄k
Late Postclassic Chinese:kọ̄k
Middle Chinese:kạuk
English meaning :a pair of jades
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Character:[人耎]
Modern (Beijing) reading:nuàn
Preclassic Old Chinese:nōrs
Classic Old Chinese:nwānh
Western Han Chinese:nwānh
Eastern Han Chinese:nwānh
Early Postclassic Chinese:nwā̀n
Middle Postclassic Chinese:nwā̀n
Late Postclassic Chinese:nwā̀n
Middle Chinese:nwần
English meaning :weak [LZ]
Comments:MC also has an alternative (dialectal) reflex of the same word nwầ (Pek. nuò), usually written as 懦; for *n- cf. its Min readings: Fuzhou, Jianou nɔ6.
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Karlgren code:0238 g
Character:[口焦]
Modern (Beijing) reading:jiaò
Preclassic Old Chinese:ʒ́hekʷs
Classic Old Chinese:ʒhewh
Western Han Chinese:ʒhjawh
Eastern Han Chinese:ʒhjawh
Early Postclassic Chinese:ʒhjèw
Middle Postclassic Chinese:ʒhjèw
Late Postclassic Chinese:ʒhjèw
Middle Chinese:ʒjèw
English meaning :to chew [LZ]
Comments:For *ʒ́h cf. Xiamen chiau6. The word is probably derived from 嚼 *ʒ́hekʷ q.v. *ʒ́hekʷ-s may be not the original reading of the character, which has also readings *ćew, MC cjew 'reduced (of sound)' and *ćiw, MC cjǝw 'cry of birds'.