BRICS countries n Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, considered to be countries whose economies are developing quickly 金砖国家〔即巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非等五个经济增长迅速的国家〕 thrown v the past participle of THROW throw的过去分词 ab- prefix away from; off; outside of; opposite to 离；从；外部；相反 ableism n dislike for people with a disability 残疾歧视 achingly adv in a way that causes deep or strong feelings 强烈地；深深地 after-hours adj after-hours activities happen after the normal hours of opening for a business, financial market etc 〔活动〕工作时间后的，下班后的 after-sales service n help provided by a company after a person buys its products or services 售后服务 afterword n a short piece of writing added at the end of a book to provide additional information or thoughts, often by the writer or someone related to the book 〔书的〕后记，跋 air bridge n a movable passage at an airport that makes it easier for passengers to get on and off a plane 空桥；廊桥；登机桥 air corridor n a specific path in the air that planes must use when flying between certain places 空中走廊〔指飞机在特定地点间飞行时必须使用的航线〕 air pistol n a small gun that uses air pressure to shoot 气手枪 airplane mode n a setting on a MOBILE DEVICE that turns off all wireless connections, like MOBILE DATA, WI-FI, and BLUETOOTH 〔移动设备的〕飞行模式 air-to-ground adj that goes or happens from the air to the land or a ship 空对地的；空对面的 -al suffix of; related to; connected with 有关的 alarm call n a telephone call made to wake someone up, usually in a hotel 〔宾馆等的〕叫醒电话 all-purpose flour n PLAIN FLOUR 通用面粉；普通面粉 all-weather adj suitable for being used in all kinds of weather 全天候的 all-wheel drive n a system in a vehicle that makes all the wheels move together so that the system works well on both smooth and rough surfaces 全轮驱动；四轮驱动 -ally suffix in a (specified) manner 以方式 aloha interjection a Hawaiian word used to say ‘hello’ or ‘goodbye’ and to show love or kindness 阿洛哈〔夏威夷语，用于问候或道别〕 alphabet soup n a style of communication that uses many abbreviations or ACRONYMs, often making it confusing or difficult to understand 字母汤〔指大量使用缩略语的交流方式，往往令人费解〕 ALS n the abbreviation of 缩略 = 肌萎缩侧索硬化；渐冻症 altitude sickness n a condition caused by being in a high place with thin air, often leading to headache, DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, and shortness of breath 高原病；高山病 American plan n a system in which all meals in a hotel are included in the room price 全食宿〔指宾馆提供一日三餐〕 amp v to make something stronger, more exciting, or more intense 增强；提高；为增添趣味 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis n a serious disease that weakens a person’s muscles and stops them from moving, speaking, and breathing 肌萎缩侧索硬化；渐冻症 androgen n a HORMONE in the body that helps develop and keep male features, like a deeper voice, body hair, and muscle growth 雄激素 Anglosphere, the n English-speaking countries as a group 英语文化圈 antibacterial adj (of a substance) that kills or stops the growth of BACTERIA 抗菌的 antibacterial n a substance that kills or stops the growth of BACTERIA 抗菌物质 anticancer adj helping to stop or fight CANCER 抗癌的 antigravity n an imaginary force that goes against the pull of the earth or another PLANET 反重力；反引力 antihypertensive adj used to lower high blood pressure 降血压的 antimicrobial adj able to stop or kill small living things that cause illness 抗菌的；抗微生物的 antiviral adj (of a drug) used to stop a VIRUS from causing harm 〔药物〕抗病毒的 antiviral n something that is used to stop a VIRUS from causing harm 抗病毒药 APEC n an organization of economies in the Asia-Pacific that work together to support economic growth, trade, and economic cooperation 亚太经合组织；亚太经济合作组织 approval rating n the level of people’s approval of a person or thing, usually shown as a percentage 支持率；认可度 Arctic Circle, the an imaginary line drawn around the world at a certain distance from the most northern point (the North Pole) 北极圈 artistic gymnastics n a sport in which people FLIP, jump, and swing on equipment like bars, beams, and MATs, showing strength and skill 竞技体操 astronomical unit n a unit of length used in space, roughly the distance between the earth and the sun (around 149.6 million kilometres) 天文单位〔长度单位，大致相当于地球与太阳的距离，约合1.496 亿千米〕 asymmetric bars n two parallel bars of different height used in women’s GYMNASTICS, or the event itself 高低杠〔女子体操器械及项目〕 atomic clock n a very accurate clock that uses the movement of atoms to measure time 原子钟 atomic mass n the mass of a single atom, usually measured in atomic mass units, and often calculated as the average mass of all the natural forms of an element 原子质量 autocomplete n a feature in software that completes what you type by suggesting words based on the first few letters on its own 〔软件的〕自动补全功能 autocorrect n a feature in software that changes a word to the correct form as you type on its own 〔软件的〕自动更正功能，自动校正功能 autofill n a feature in software that fills in forms or other information on its own 〔软件的〕自动填充功能，自动填写功能 autofocus n a feature in a camera that changes the lens to make the picture clear on its own 〔镜头的〕自动对焦功能 autoplay n a feature that starts to play a video or music as soon as you open a document or visit a page 自动播放（功能） autosave n a feature in software that saves your work on its own while you work or after some time 〔软件的〕自动保存功能 aw interjection used to show you’re unhappy or don’t like something 噢〔表示不悦或厌恶〕 baby bump n a woman’s stomach that has become larger because she is going to have a baby 宝包儿，贝包儿〔指女子怀孕凸起的肚子〕 baby step n a small action that helps you make progress towards something more important 〔迈向目标的〕小步 backcourt n the area on the basketball court where a team is defending, or the players of a team who typically play in this area 〔篮球运动的〕后场，后场队员 bacteriophage n a VIRUS that infects and kills bacteria 噬菌体 Baltic adj relating to the Baltic Sea and its surrounding regions 波罗的海的 Baltic, the a sea between central and northern Europe, surrounded by countries like Sweden, Finland, and Poland 波罗的海 baobab n a very large tree that grows in hot, dry areas, especially in Africa and Australia, and is known for its thick stem that stores water 猴面包树 beach volleyball n a sport played on a sand court by two teams of two players, in which they hit a ball over a high net 沙滩排球 beanstalk n the tall stem of a bean plant 豆秆；豆茎 Beijing Opera another name for PEKING OPERA Peking Opera的别称 Belt and Road Initiative, the a worldwide development plan by China to promote connectivity and economic growth by building roads, railways, and other INFRASTRUCTURE projects, and by working together with other countries “一带一路”倡议 belt-tightening n the act of spending less money because you do not have much “勒紧裤腰带”；紧缩开支 best-before date n a date printed on containers of food or drink and some other products that shows when they will be too old to eat, drink, or use 最佳食用期；保质期 BEV n an electric vehicle that only uses a cell to run 电池电动汽车；纯电动汽车 BGM n a type of music played in the background during a film, game, or an event 背景音乐 bicycle lane n a part of the road that is only for people riding bicycles 自行车道 bigs n persons or organizations of great importance or power, especially the Major Leagues 大腕；大佬；大厂；豪门；〔尤指〕美国职业棒球大联盟 Big Smoke, the n a name for a large city with many people, traffic, and smoke, especially London 大烟城〔指大城市，尤指伦敦〕 big tech n large technology companies that have a lot of influence and power 大型技术企业；大厂 bikeable adj easy for riding a bicycle 适合骑自行车的 bike lane n a BICYCLE LANE 自行车道 bike share n a system where you can rent a bicycle for a short time and then leave it at another place 共享单车 bike sharing n a system where you can rent a bicycle for a short time and then leave it at another place 共享单车 bird strike n an occasion when an aircraft hits a bird, usually during flight 鸟撞；航空器撞鸟 black light n ULTRAVIOLET light, which cannot be seen under normal conditions 黑光〔即紫外光〕 black tea n dark brown-coloured tea made from leaves that have been completely FERMENTed, popular in Western countries 红茶 blind test n a test in which the person being tested is not given certain key information to make sure the results are fair 盲测；盲试 blockchain n a safe system to share and store data in linked blocks on many computers, often used to keep track of trade 区块链 blood sugar n the level of sugar in a person’s blood 血糖 blue helmet n a member of the United Nations peacekeeping forces, who wears a blue helmet 蓝盔〔指联合国维和部队人员〕 blue whale n a very large animal that lives in the sea, known as the largest living animal in the world 蓝鲸 bodhisattva n a person who wants to become a Buddha and helps others reach enlightenment 菩提萨埵；菩萨 bombproof adj strong enough to not be damaged by bombs 防炸的；防爆的 book learning n the knowledge obtained from reading and studying books 书本知识 book-smart adj clever in reading and studying books but not very practical in the real world 书本聪明的；书呆子的 bootlicker n a person who praises someone in a powerful position in a way that is not sincere, usually for personal gain 马屁精 Border collie n a type of dog that is very intelligent and is often used for work on farms 边境牧羊犬；边牧 bragging rights n the opportunity to be proud of something you have done 吹牛资本；夸耀本钱 brain death n the condition when the brain has stopped working and will not start again 脑死亡 brain fog n a condition when it is difficult to think clearly 脑雾；脑子不清 breaking news n important news shared quickly 突发新闻；插播新闻 breaking point n the moment when problems are too much to handle and control is lost 〔承受问题的〕极限，临界点 break point n a situation in tennis when the receiving player needs one more point to win a game on their opponent’s serve 〔网球赛局的〕破发点 Brexit n the process of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union 英国脱欧 Brexiteer n a person who supports the United Kingdom leaving the European Union 英国脱欧支持者 Brownian motion n the movement of small bits in a liquid or gas in a way that does not follow a regular pattern 布朗运动 BRT n a system of public bus transport using large vehicles on special roads 快速公交系统 B2C adj used to describe business activities in which companies sell directly to consumers/customers, especially over the Internet 〔电子商务〕企业对消费者[顾客]的，商对客的 bubble tea n a drink made with tea, milk, and small balls of TAPIOCA 珍珠奶茶 burpee n an exercise in which you begin in a standing position, move into a SQUAT, kick your feet back into a PUSH-UP position, return to the SQUAT, and finally jump back to the standing position 波比跳 business casual n professional yet not too formal clothes for work 商务休闲装 buzzed adj excited 兴奋的 BYO n the practice of asking someone to bring their own drinks to a party or an event 自带酒水 cancel culture n the practice of criticizing someone and encouraging others to stop supporting them because they have done or said something that is thought to be wrong or harmful 取消文化；封杀文化；抵制文化 cane sugar n a kind of sweet substance made from the juice of SUGARCANE 蔗糖 capstone n a stone at the top of a building or wall 〔建筑或墙体的〕顶石，压顶石 capstone project n a final project where you use what you’ve learned during your degree program 〔学位课程的〕顶石项目，毕业设计 cartoonish adj looking or behaving like a simple drawing, often in a funny or silly way 卡通式的；漫画般的 catalyse v to cause a chemical reaction to happen or to make it happen faster 催化 CFO n the person responsible for managing financial activities in a large company 〔大公司的〕首席财务官，财务总监 chancer n a person who takes chances and risks, often for personal gain 投机分子 chaos theory n the study of how small changes in one place can create big changes in another place 混沌理论 charging point n a place where you can put electricity into an electric vehicle 充电站；充电点 ChatGPT n an American AI program that creates answers similar to what a person would say in a conversation ChatGPT〔一个利用人工智能技术与人对话的计算机程序〕 chief financial officer n the person responsible for managing financial activities in a large company 〔大公司的〕首席财务官，财务总监 chief operating officer n the person responsible for the normal everyday management of operations or activities in a large company 〔大公司的〕首席运营官，运营总监 chief technology officer n the person responsible for all technology operations in a large company 〔大公司的〕首席技术官，技术总监 Chinese New Year, the the time when people celebrate the beginning of a new year according to the traditional Chinese CALENDAR 中国新年；农历新年 chloroquine n a drug that is mainly used to prevent and treat MALARIA 氯喹〔主要用作抗疟药〕 Chunjie the most important holiday in China, celebrated as the Chinese New Year with family REUNIONs, also known as the Spring Festival 春节 city bike n a bicycle that is designed to be used in cities and towns 城市自行车 city farm n a place in a city where people can see and learn about farm animals and plants 城市农场〔城市中供人参观了解农场动植物之地〕 clay court n a tennis court which has a surface made of crushed clay 红土网球场 clean and jerk n a WEIGHTLIFTING event in which a weight is lifted from the floor to the shoulders and then raised above the head in two separate movements 挺举 clickbait n something on the Internet that is designed to attract attention and encourage people to click on links 点击诱饵，标题党〔指网上吸引人点击的内容〕 climate action n action taken to deal with climate change 气候行动〔应对气候变化的行动〕 climbing wall n a wall with places to hold on to or step on, used for climbing practice 攀岩墙 cocurricular adj relating to activities at school that aren’t part of regular classes 〔校内活动〕课外的，辅助课程的 coercive control n use of threats or force to make someone do something they do not want to do, often within a relationship 胁迫控制，强迫控制〔多发生在亲密关系中〕 cold brew n coffee made by putting GROUND coffee in cold water for several hours and served cold 冷萃咖啡 cold case n a criminal case that is old but still unsolved 冷案；悬案 cold chain n a system in which food or medicine is kept cold from the time it is made until it is used, to make sure it stays fresh and safe 冷链 collective unconscious n a part of the mind that all people share, containing ideas and patterns passed down through history that we aren’t aware of 集体无意识 colourism n unfair treatment of people because of the colour of their skin 肤色歧视 commodify v to change something so that it can be bought and sold 将商品化 common market n a group of economies that agree to let goods, services, money, and workers move freely among them, without extra taxes or limits on trade 共同市场 commonwealth n a group of about 50 independent countries, mostly former members of the British Empire, that work together on trade and friendship, with the British king or queen as its leader in name the Commonwealth 英联邦 community police officer n a police officer who is part of the local community, works in the local area, and focuses on building relationships with residents, preventing crime, and addressing community issues 社区警察 community sentence n a punishment for a crime in which the person helps the community instead of going to prison 社区刑罚 community spread n the spread of a disease within a community where people get infected without being near someone who is known to have the disease 〔传染病的〕社区传播 comorbid adj (of a disease or condition) existing at the same time as another disease or condition 共病的；合并症的 comorbidity n the presence of one or more diseases or conditions with another disease or condition at the same time 共病；合并症 condole v to express sympathy to someone who has experienced the loss of a loved one or a major problem 吊唁；慰问 Confucian adj related to the ideas or teachings of Confucius 儒家的；儒学的；孔子思想的 construction paper n thick, colourful paper often used for school art projects and other activities 手工彩纸 COO n the person responsible for the normal everyday management of operations or activities in a large company 〔大公司的〕首席运营官，运营总监 coronavirus n a type of virus that can make people and animals sick, often causing fever and cough 冠状病毒 cosplay n the activity of dressing up and acting as a character from a film, book, video game, etc 扮装；角色扮演 cosplay v to dress up and act as a character from a film, book, video game, etc 扮装；角色扮演 counteroffensive n an attack made against an enemy who is already attacking you 反攻；反击 country mile n a very long distance 乡下人嘴里的英里；很远的距离 Covid n an infectious disease caused by a CORONAVIRUS, especially COVID-19 冠状病毒感染；〔尤指〕新型冠状病毒感染 Covid-19 n an infectious disease that spread worldwide in 2020, often resulting in fever, cough, tiredness, and difficulty in breathing 新型冠状病毒感染 CPC, the the abbreviation of 缩略 = the Communist Party of China, the ruling party in China 中国共产党 CPI n the abbreviation of 缩略 = 消费价格指数 craftsperson n a person who is very skilled at a particular CRAFT 工匠；手艺人 critical thinking n the process of carefully thinking about information, facts, or ideas in order to make good decisions or form fair and reasonable opinions 批判性思维 crony capitalism n an economic system where businesses and people with close connections to political leaders or government officials gain unfair advantages 裙带资本主义；朋党资本主义 cross-disciplinary adj involving two or more different areas of knowledge or study 跨学科的 cross-infection n infection that patients get from other patients, healthcare workers, or caregivers in the hospital 交叉感染 cross-platform adj (of software, an APP, or a DEVICE) able to run on different systems 〔软件、应用或设备〕跨平台的 cross-pollinate v to move POLLEN from one flower to another, usually between flowers of different plants, to help them produce seeds or fruit 异花授粉 crypto n CRYPTOCURRENCY 加密货币 cryptocurrency n a type of money created using computer programs and does not exist as a physical object 加密货币 C-suite n the most important people in a company, such as the CEO, CFO, and COO 高管团队；高管层 CTO n the person responsible for all technology operations in a large company 〔大公司的〕首席技术官，技术总监 cultural appropriation n the use of customs, symbols, clothing, or traditions of one society or group by another, often without understanding or respecting their original meaning or importance 文化挪用〔指对异种文化元素的不当借用，常存在误解或不敬〕 cyanobacteria n very small living things in water that act like plants and produce oxygen 蓝细菌〔旧称“蓝藻”“蓝绿藻”〕 cytokine n a small PROTEIN in the body that helps cells communicate, especially in the IMMUNE system, to fight off infections and diseases 细胞因子 cytokine storm n a severe reaction by the body’s IMMUNE system where many small PROTEINs are sent into the blood, causing swelling and possible harm to the body 细胞因子风暴 dad bod n a body shape typical of an average father, with some extra fat 老爹身材〔父亲群体典型的略微发福的身材〕 daikon n a long white root vegetable that is like a large carrot, commonly used in East Asian cooking 白萝卜 dark factory n a factory completely run by machines, which can even work without lights 黑暗工厂〔指全自动工厂，开工时不必照明〕 data breach n an occasion when private information is taken without permission 数据泄露 data governance n the management and control of data to keep it correct and safe 数据治理 data lake n a large storage place where many pieces of data are kept together in their original form and can be looked at later 数据湖 data masking n a method used to protect private information by changing it so that people who are not allowed to see it cannot understand it 数据屏蔽；数据脱敏 data miner n a person who uses a computer to find and collect information from data 数据挖掘师 dating n the social activity of having or trying to have a romantic relationship with someone 约会；交往 deaf-blind adj unable to see or hear 盲聋的；聋盲的 debuff n a thing in a game that makes a character, team, or player less powerful 〔游戏中的〕减益 debuff v to reduce the power of a character, team, or player in a game 〔游戏中〕使减益，削弱 decongest v to make something or a place less crowded or less blocked 疏通；缓解拥塞 decouple v to make separate or remove the link between two things （使）脱钩；（使）分离 deep dive n a detailed examination or study of a subject 深入研究；详细分析 deepfake n an image, video or recording that shows a person doing something they did not do or saying something they did not say, made using computer technology 深度伪造作品 deep learning n a way to help computers learn from large amounts of DATA and improve their performance on tasks 〔计算机的〕深度学习 DeepSeek n a Chinese AI program that creates answers similar to what a person would say in a conversation DeepSeek〔一个利用人工智能技术与人对话的计算机程序〕 defund v to stop providing money or as much money for something, typically an organization or program 对撤资；终止资助；削减对的资助 degrowth n purposely slowing down a country’s economic activity to help the environment and improve quality of life 去增长 delist v to remove something or someone from a list 把移出名单；把除名 demonize v to describe someone or something as very bad or evil 妖魔化 deplatform v to stop allowing someone to share their ideas or content in a public space because their words might upset others or cause trouble 对作平台封号处理；取消的平台使用权 deskmate n someone who shares a desk with you at school 同桌 digital asset n an item that you own or control in electronic form, such as photos, videos, music, documents, and software 数字资产 digital currency n money in an electronic form 数字货币 digital detox n a period of time when someone stops using electronic DEVICEs like computers or mobile phones to feel better 数字脱瘾，数字排毒〔戒断电子设备的一段时间〕 digital nomad n a person who uses the Internet to work from any place and often changes where they live 数字游民〔利用因特网随时随地工作、经常更换居住地的人〕 digital wallet n an APP that stores your payment information and lets you pay electronically without using physical cards or money 数字钱包 dim sum n a Chinese meal or SNACK made up of small dishes, such as bite-sized foods cooked by FRYing or STEAMing, often eaten with tea 〔中式〕点心 direction of travel n the direction in which someone or something is moving 行进方向；前进方向 disruptor n a person or thing that causes change and stops something from continuing in the usual way 扰乱者；破坏者；颠覆者 divorcé n a man who is divorced 离异男子 dopamine n a chemical in the body that makes people feel happy and helps them do things and control their movements 多巴胺 downtick n a small decrease in the number or amount of something 微跌；小幅下降 downtrend n a period of time when something decreases or goes lower over time 下行[下降]趋势 downvote v to show that you do not like something someone has posted on the Internet by pressing a button on a DEVICE 〔在网上〕踩，点踩 downvote n an act of pressing a button on a device to show that you do not like something someone has posted on the Internet 〔在网上〕踩，点踩 DQ the abbreviation of 缩略 = 取消资格 dragon boat n a long, narrow Chinese boat used in races, often decorated like a dragon, and moved by many people who row 龙舟 Dragon Boat Festival, the a traditional Chinese festival that happens on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the traditional Chinese CALENDAR, celebrated with boat races and special food 端午节 dragon fruit n the fruit with a sweet and soft inside, often white or purple with black seeds, that comes from a type of CACTUS 火龙果 dream team n a group of people who work very well together 梦之队 D2C adj used to refer to a business model where a company sells products directly to customers D2C的；直接面向消费者的 durian n a large, OVAL tropical fruit with a hard, SPIKY shell, a strong smell, and soft, creamy flesh inside 榴梿，榴莲 dwarf planet n a nearly round object in space that goes around the sun or another star but is not considered a PLANET 矮行星 earwax n a yellowish or brownish substance in your ears to protect them 耳垢；耳屎；耵聍 eat-in adj (of food) that can be eaten inside the place where it is bought, like a restaurant, instead of taking it to go （餐食）堂食的 e-gate n a gate at an airport where passengers can show their travel documents using a machine 〔机场的〕电子护照闸机，自助通关闸机 elbow bump n a greeting where two people touch their elbows together instead of shaking hands 碰肘礼 elevator pitch n a short and clear introduction of yourself, a product, or an idea, meant to be delivered in the time it takes to ride an elevator 电梯推介，电梯游说〔对自我、产品或想法简短有力的推介，时长相当于乘梯间隙〕 empty nester n someone whose children have grown up and left home 空巢者〔指子女长大离家后的父母〕 -ency suffix another form of -ANCY -ancy的另一种形式 endways adv arranged so that the end, rather than the side, is facing or touching 竖着；纵向地 energy-saving adj using less energy to do the same job to save money and protect the environment 节能的 ephedrine n a drug used to help with blocked noses, breathing problems, and low blood pressure 麻黄碱 epinephrine n a chemical produced by your body when you are afraid, angry, or excited, which makes your heart beat faster 肾上腺素 -er suffix forms the comparative of many short adjectives and adverbs 〔附在许多短小的形容词或副词后，构成比较 escape room n a game where people are locked in a room and need to solve problems within a certain amount of time to get out 密室逃脱游戏 e-scooter n a small electric vehicle that a person can ride and stand on 电动滑板车 e-sport n a game played on a computer or video game system where people compete against each other for others to watch as entertainment 电子竞技 eureka moment n the moment when a sudden and clear idea helps you understand something important 顿悟时刻；灵光乍现时刻 euroland n the EUROZONE 欧元区 eurozone n the group of countries in Europe that use the euro as their money 欧元区 EV n a type of vehicle that uses electricity for power 电动汽车 evening star n a bright PLANET, especially Venus, that can be seen in the western sky in the evening 昏星〔指傍晚出现在西方天空的明星，尤指金星〕 even money n the BETting ODDs of 1:1, meaning a person can win or lose the same amount of money they BET 对等赔率〔指一赔一，即输赢双方的赔率完全对等〕 eventer n a person or horse that competes in a sport involving three different types of events 〔马术〕三项赛选手；三项赛马匹 examinee n a person who is being tested 考生 exceptionalism n the belief that a country or group is better than others and has special rights 优越论 eyepopper n something that is very exciting or surprising to see 令人惊艳[惊叹]之物 eye-rolling n the act of moving your eyes upward to show disbelief, annoyance, etc 翻白眼〔表示不相信、恼火等〕 face covering n something you use to cover your face for protection against bad air or illness, for PRIVACY or warmth, or for cultural or religious reasons 面罩；口罩 face mask n something worn over the nose and mouth to keep out harmful things in the air, like dust or GERM s 口罩 face recognition n technology that allows a computer to recognize a person by their face 面部识别；人脸识别 fact-check n the act of finding out if facts in a story or statement are true 核查事实；查证事实 fact-check v to find out if facts in a story or statement are true 核实（事实）；查证（事实） false flag n a secret operation in which one group does something bad but makes it look like another group is responsible for it 假旗行动〔指打着他人旗号做坏事，嫁祸于人〕 fandom n the state of being a fan of someone or something 迷恋；喜爱 Father Time n a symbol of time, typically shown as an old man with a long BEARD, holding an HOURGLASS and a SCYTHE 时间老人 fearmongering n the act of causing fear in people, often by making dangers seem greater than they really are 散布恐惧；危言耸听 featured adj being an important part of something, often special or popular 特色的 feature phone n a basic mobile phone that is used for calls and texts, without advanced features found in a SMARTPHONE 功能机；功能手机 feedstock n raw material used for making products such as plastics 原料 feedstuff n food for animals, especially farm animals 饲料 femicide n the act of killing a woman or girl, especially by a man, because of her sex 〔尤指男子实施的〕杀害女性 fentanyl n a strong drug used to reduce pain 芬太尼〔强效止痛药〕 fidget spinner n a small toy with usually two or three blades that you can hold by the centre and spin 指尖陀螺 financials n information about the financial situation of an organization or person and how it is managed 财务状况 5G adj 5G technology and services provide very fast Internet connections with less delays and stronger dependability for smartphones and other smart devices. 5G is short for ‘fifth generation’. 〔移动通信技术或服务〕5G的，第五代的 flash sale n a very short period of time when goods are sold at much lower prices than usual 限时抢购；秒杀；闪购 floor exercise n an event in GYMNASTICS in which moves are performed on the floor 自由体操〔体操项目〕 foam roller n a long, round, firm piece of foam used in exercises to relax muscles 泡沫轴〔健身器材〕 foldable adj able to be bent or closed into a smaller size 可折叠的 follow request n a request for approval to follow a person on SOCIAL MEDIA 关注请求〔指社交媒体用户关注他人账户的请求〕 food baby n a playful term for a big stomach that looks like it has a baby inside after eating a lot “饭宝”〔戏谑语，指吃撑的肚子〕 food-grade adj safe to use with food 食品级的 food parcel n a box or bag with food inside, given to someone who needs help 食品救济包；救济食品包裹 forever chemical n a chemical that breaks down very slowly over time in the environment 永久性化学物质 4K adj a 4K video, image, or screen is made to look very clear and sharp, with a RESOLUTION about four times better than a regular HD one 〔图像或屏幕〕4K分辨率的，超高清的 four-legged friend n a friendly animal that has four legs, especially a dog 四条腿的朋友〔尤指狗〕 free-from adj (of food, drink, etc) not containing things that some people cannot eat or don’t like, like milk or nuts 〔食品、饮品等〕无特定成分的，无添加的 free throw n a shot in basketball that a player takes without being blocked, from a line close to the basket, usually given because another player has broken the rules 〔篮球的〕罚球，罚篮 fried rice n a dish made from rice that is quickly cooked with oil and often mixed with eggs, vegetables, or meat, popular in East Asian cooking 炒饭 friend request n a request for approval to become friends on SOCIAL MEDIA 好友请求〔指社交媒体用户与他人成为好友的请求〕 fungible adj able to be replaced by something the same without any difference in value or use 可互换的；可替代的 gallium n a soft silvery-white metal, often used in electronic parts. It is a chemical ELEMENT : symbol Ga 镓〔一种化学元素，符号为Ga〕 game theory n the study of decision-making in situations in which the actions of one party depend on and influence those of others 博弈论；对策论 garbage time n the last part of a game when the result is already clear and the players are just finishing the time 垃圾时间〔指比赛末段胜负已定时所剩的时间〕 gaslight v to trick someone into questioning their own thoughts or memories by making them think they’re wrong, often by suggesting there’s something wrong with their mind 煤气灯操纵〔指通过心理虐待让被操纵者陷入自我怀疑〕 gaslighting n the act of tricking someone into questioning their own thoughts or memories by making them think they’re wrong, often by suggesting there’s something wrong with their mind 煤气灯效应；煤气灯操纵〔指通过心理虐待让被操纵者陷入自我怀疑〕 gender binary n a way to describe people by saying they are either male or female 性别二元论〔指将性别划分为男、女两性的思想〕 genderless adj not related to a man or a woman 无性别的；不分性别的 Generation Z n the group of people who were born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s Z世代〔指20世纪90年代中期至21世纪10年代初期出生的一代人〕 generative AI n a type of artificial intelligence that can create new content, like writing, pictures, or music, by learning from existing examples 生成式人工智能 genetic modification n the process of changing the genes of a living thing in a scientific way to change its features or how it grows 遗传修饰 Gen X n GENERATION X X世代 Gen Xer n a person who was born between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s X世代人〔指生于20世纪60年代中期至70年代末期的人〕 Gen Y n GENERATION Y Y世代 Gen Yer n a person who was born between the early 1980s and around the mid-1990s Y世代人〔指生于20世纪80年代初期至约90年代中期的人〕 Gen Z n GENERATION Z Z世代 Gen Zer n a person who was born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s Z世代人〔指生于20世纪90年代中期至21世纪10年代初期的人〕 germanium n a silvery-white metal-like substance, often used in electronic parts. It is a chemical ELEMENT : symbol Ge 锗〔一种化学元素，符号为Ge〕 giant-killing n a success in defeating a much stronger opponent, especially in sports 爆冷〔尤指在体育运动中战胜强敌〕 giant slalom n a type of SKIING race in which SKIERs go down a long course with many turns around poles （高山滑雪）大回转 gigafactory n a very large building where many things are made, such as electric vehicles or BATTERIES for them, which need a lot of power 超级工厂 gig economy n a way of working in which people do short-term jobs instead of having long-term jobs, often through ONLINE PLATFORMs 零工经济 ginkgo n a tree with a long history, known for its fan-shaped leaves, nuts, and use in medicine 银杏树 Global North, the n the developed countries in Europe, North America, and Asia, as well as Australia and New Zealand 全球北方〔指欧洲、北美洲、亚洲的发达国家以及澳大利亚和新西兰〕 Global South, the n the developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands 全球南方〔指亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、加勒比地区、太平洋岛屿的发展中国家〕 globetrotting n the act of travelling to many different places around the world, often for pleasure or business 全球奔走；环球奔波 gluten-free adj not containing gluten 无麸质的 goal-line technology n a system using cameras or other equipment to determine whether the ball has crossed the goal line in a football game 〔足球比赛的〕门线技术 GOAT n someone who is considered the best ever in a particular field or activity, often used in sports 〔常指体育领域的〕史上最佳，历史最佳 golden goose n a person or thing that is a source of great wealth or profit 会下金蛋的鹅；摇钱树 golden section n a way to divide something so that the larger part relates to the whole in the same way the smaller part relates to the larger part, often seen as a beautiful PROPORTION 黄金分割 goose egg n zero, or a score of zero in a game or sport 零蛋；鸭蛋 GOP n another name for the Republican Party in the United States 老大党〔美国共和党的别称〕 gramps n grandfather 爷爷；外公，姥爷 grandkid n GRANDCHILD 孙子［女］；外孙子［女］ gravitational wave n a type of wave that moves through space and is caused by moving objects with a lot of mass 引力波 great white shark n a very large and dangerous sea animal with sharp teeth that eats fish and other sea creatures 大白鲨 green energy n energy that is good for the environment, like SOLAR and wind power 绿色能源〔如太阳能、风能〕 hand gel n a liquid-like substance used to clean hands and make them safe 手消毒凝胶 hand sanitizer n a liquid or liquid-like substance used to clean hands and make them safe 免洗洗手液；手消毒液；手消毒剂 handsy adj often touching others in ways that make them feel not happy 爱动手动脚的；手不老实的 hate speech n words or remarks that express hate and cause harm to someone or a group 仇恨言论 hazmat suit n a piece of special clothing worn to protect against dangerous things, such as chemicals or VIRUSes 防化服；生化防护服 headline adj important or main 重要的；主要的 health anxiety n a condition in which someone always worries about being sick, even if they are healthy 健康焦虑 healthspan n the time in a person’s life when they are healthy 健康寿命；健康期 heartsick adj feeling very sad or upset 心碎的；伤心的 heavy water n a type of water in which the HYDROGEN is replaced by a heavier form called DEUTERIUM 重水 heptathlete n a woman who competes in a sports competition involving seven running, jumping, and throwing events 女子七项全能运动员 herd immunity n a situation in which enough people in a place are IMMUNE to an infectious disease, making it less likely to spread to those who aren’t 群体免疫 hetero adj HETEROSEXUAL 异性恋的 HEV n the abbreviation of 缩略 = hybrid electric vehicle 混合动力汽车；油电混合汽车 high-impact adj causing a strong effect or great change 影响大的；重大的 hire car n a car that people pay to use for a short time 租赁汽车 home visit n a visit to someone’s home, especially by a doctor, teacher, social worker, or other professional to check on the health or condition of the person 〔医生、教师、社区工作者等所作的〕家访 hot mess n a person or situation that is very mixed up or full of problems 乱糟糟的人；混乱局面 hot zone n an area where there is a high level of danger or risk, especially due to infection or pollution 〔尤指传染或污染的〕热区，高风险区 housing ladder n the process of starting with a small home and then moving to a larger one over time 房产阶梯，住房阶梯〔指先买小房、渐次更换大房的过程〕 humanoid n something that looks or acts like a human 人形物；类人物；人形机器人 hump day n a term for Wednesday, the middle day of the workweek, suggesting that once it’s over, the weekend feels closer 驼峰日〔指星期三，因处工作周之正中，故名〕 hybrid electric vehicle n a type of car that uses both a petrol engine and an electric motor to move 混合动力汽车；油电混合汽车 hybrid working n a way of working in which people sometimes work in an office and sometimes work at home 混合办公〔指一段时间在单位办公、一段时间居家办公的工作模式〕 hydrocephalus n a medical condition in which too much liquid builds up in the brain, causing pressure inside the head 脑积水 hydropower n a way of producing electricity by using the energy from moving water, or the electricity produced in this way 水力发电；水电 hyphenate n a person who does more than one type of job, like an actor-director or a singer-songwriter 连字符人〔指身兼两职或多职的人，如演员兼导演或创作型歌手〕 hypotension n a medical condition in which your blood pressure is too low 低血压 -ial suffix typical of 有特征的 ill-omened adj to be a sign of bad luck or problems 不祥的；不吉利的 immunocompromised adj having a reduced ability to protect the body from illness 免疫低下的 immunosuppressed adj having the body’s defence system reduced, often by medicine, making it not work well 〔常因用药〕免疫抑制的 implantable adj (of a device) able to be put inside the body 〔设备〕可植入的 inch-perfect adj very accurate or exact 非常准确的；精准的 influence peddling n the act of using your position or influence to help someone get something they want, in return for money or support 卖权；贩卖权力 informed consent n a process by which a person understands and agrees to something after being given all the important information 知情同意 inking n INK 文身 in-person adj happening with someone being physically present, not ONLINE or by telephone 亲自的；现场的；面对面的 inspo n a short form of 缩略式 = ‘inspiration’ 灵感 integrative adj combining different parts or things into a whole to create a more complete or effective result 综合的；整合的 international law n the laws that concern relations between countries 国际法 internet of things n a system in which everyday objects connect to the Internet 物联网 intubate v to put a tube into someone’s body to help them breathe or to put liquid or gases into their body 插管；给插管 involuntary manslaughter n killing someone illegally without intending to do so, usually because you have not acted with enough care 过失杀人 IoT n the abbreviation of 缩略 = internet of things 物联网 IP n a set of rules that allow computers to connect and share information on the Internet 互联网协议 IPTV n a way to send TV programmes using the internet 互联网电视 ischaemia n a lack of blood to a part of the body, often causing pain or damage 缺血 issuance n the act of giving out something 发放；发行 -ition suffix another form of -ION -ion的另一种形式 jackfruit n a large tropical fruit that is green or yellow when ready to eat, with a rough outer skin and many seeds inside 波罗蜜 John Hancock n someone’s SIGNATURE 签名 John Henry n someone’s SIGNATURE 签名 Johnny-come-lately n someone who is new and has just started doing something, or someone who has only recently become important 新来的；新手；新贵 John Q. Public n the average member of the public, or people in general 普通人；老百姓 JOMO n a feeling of happiness you have because you think that not taking part in a planned event or social activity is a good decision 错失之乐〔指不参加计划之事却为此感到开心〕 Juneteenth a holiday in the United States on June 19 that celebrates the end of SLAVERY 六月节〔美国假日，庆祝奴隶制的终结〕 kappa n the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, K or κ 卡帕〔希腊字母表的第10个字母，即K、κ〕 Kawasaki disease n a disease in children that can cause fever, red eyes, red lips, and swollen hands and feet 川崎病 kefir n a drink made from milk which has been FERMENTed 开菲尔乳〔一种发酵乳〕 keyboard warrior n a person who argues or criticizes others on the Internet, often in an unkind or impolite way 键盘侠 keyless adj without a key 无钥匙的；不用钥匙的 kidney machine n a machine that cleans the blood when the kidneys are not able to do so 人工肾；血液透析机 King’s speech, the a speech given by the King at the official opening of the British Parliament each year. The speech is actually written by the government, and it gives details of the government’s plans for the next year, including the new laws it intends to make. It was previously called the ‘Queen’s speech’ because the ruler was a queen, but now it is a king. 国王演说〔英国国王在每年议会开幕仪式上的致辞〕 Komodo dragon n a very big and strong LIZARD that lives in Indonesia, mainly on Komodo Island and other islands close to it 科莫多巨蜥，科莫多龙〔主要分布于印度尼西亚科莫多岛及邻近诸岛〕 KPI n a measurable value that shows how well a company or person is achieving main business OBJECTIVEs 关键绩效指标 lambda n the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet, Λ or λ 拉姆达〔希腊字母表的第11个字母，即Λ、λ〕 lander n a vehicle made to land on a PLANET or moon 着陆器 landform n a natural feature of the earth’s surface, such as a hill, a valley, or a mountain 地貌 landside n the part of an airport where people are before they go through SECURITY, including areas like CHECK-IN COUNTERs, LUGGAGE CLAIM, shops, and restaurants 陆侧〔乘客安检前所处的机场区域，包括值机柜台、行李提取处、店铺、餐馆等〕 Lantern Festival, the a Chinese festival celebrated with lanterns and special food on the first full moon of the year according to the traditional calendar 元宵节 large language model n a computer system designed to understand and produce human language for activities like conversation and writing 大语言模型 last-gasp adj done in the final moment of a process, often when there is little hope 最后关头的；最后时刻的 Latinx n a person from or whose family comes from Latin America who does not IDENTIFY as male or female 拉丁裔非二元性别者；拉丁裔中性别不明确者 launch vehicle n a vehicle used to send a spacecraft into space 运载火箭；发射载具 life-changing adj having a very important effect on your life 改变人生的 lifehack n a simple way or method to make daily activities easier and quicker 生活小妙招儿 life lesson n something you learn from your experiences in life 生活教训；人生经验 life-limiting adj (of a disease or condition) limiting the length of someone’s life 〔病症〕限制生命的，影响寿命的 life partner n a person you live with and love, but not always get married to 生活伴侣 line judge n a person who judges the lines in a game or sport, such as tennis or football 〔网球、足球等的〕司线员，司线裁判员，线审 listeriosis n a disease caused by listeria, which can be found in dirty food or water and can make people very ill 李斯特菌病 livestream v (of a person or company) to broadcast video or AUDIO content over the Internet for people to watch or listen to as it happens 〔人或公司〕直播 livestream n the activity of broadcasting video or AUDIO content over the Internet for people to watch or listen to as it happens 直播 livestreamer n a person or company that broadcasts video or AUDIO content over the Internet for people to watch or listen to as it happens 〔流媒体〕主播；直播公司 long Covid n a condition that affects some people for a long time after they have had COVID 长新冠 Lou Gehrig’s disease n AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 路·格里希病〔即肌萎缩侧索硬化，俗称“渐冻症”〕 love handles n fat around the sides of the waist 腰部赘肉；“游泳圈” low-carbon adj causing only a small amount of CARBON DIOXIDE to be added to the air, which helps protect the environment 低碳的 low-hanging fruit n a job that is easy to do, or something that is very easy to achieve 易做之事；易得之物 lunar calendar n a way of measuring days, weeks, and months based on the cycles of the moon 阴历 Lunar New Year n the beginning of a new year in the traditional lunar calendar 阴历新年 lunge n a sudden strong movement towards someone or something, especially to attack them 猛扑；猛冲 macaron n a small, round sweet made with two light, coloured COOKIEs and a sweet filling between them 马卡龙〔一种夹心饼干〕 magic realism n a style of writing or art in which realistic and dream-like details mix, creating a strange or unusual story 魔幻现实主义 maglev n a technology that uses MAGNETs to make an object, like a vehicle, float above a solid surface 磁悬浮技术 malvertising n the use of ONLINE advertisements to trick people or to put harmful software on their DEVICEs 恶意广告（投放） man crush n a strong feeling of admiration that a man or boy has for another man or boy, without romantic or sexual attraction “阳慕”〔指男子对男子的爱慕，与爱情无关〕 market-leading adj better than any other in selling products or services 市场领先的 Martin Luther King Jr. Day n a public holiday in the United States to remember Martin Luther King Jr. 马丁·路德·金日〔美国纪念马丁·路德·金（小）的公共假日〕 maskless adj without a mask 未戴口罩[面罩]的 memory foam n a soft material used in things like beds and PILLOWs which changes shape when you lie on it and goes back to its original shape afterwards 记忆泡沫；记忆海绵 mercantilism n the idea that trade produces wealth, especially for countries that export goods. Under mercantilism, exports are encouraged but imports are restricted by the government. 重商主义 MERS n a VIRAL disease that affects the breathing system and can cause severe illness 中东呼吸综合征 meta adj (of a book, film, etc) about itself or its own ideas 〔书、电影等〕元的，关于自身的 metaverse n an ONLINE space where people can do things like work, play, and talk with each other, using computers or other DEVICEs 元宇宙 microaggression n a small action or remark that can hurt someone’s feelings, even if it wasn’t meant to do so 微侵犯〔指未必有意的微小伤人言行〕 Mid-Autumn Festival, the a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated with family REUNIONs, admiring the full moon, and eating MOONCAKEs on the 15th day of the eighth month of the traditional CALENDAR 中秋节 middle-income adj having a level of income that is neither very low nor very high 中等收入的 milk tea n a drink made by mixing tea with milk 奶茶 mind-altering adj (of a drug or other substance) able to change someone’s mind or the way they think 〔药物等〕致幻的，改变心智的 mind-numbing adj extremely boring 无趣至极的；无聊透顶的 mindshare n the amount of attention a company, product, service, or idea gets in relation to others 心理份额 misgender v to call someone by a GENDER they do not IDENTIFY with 称错〔某人〕性别 mixed reality n a type of experience that combines real and computer-made things, where people can see and INTERACT with both at the same time 混合现实 MLK Day n the abbreviation of 缩略 = Martin Luther King Jr. Day 马丁·路德·金日 MND n the abbreviation of 缩略 = motor neurone disease 运动神经元病 Möbius strip n a surface with only one side and one edge, which is made by twisting a long, thin STRIP 180 degrees and connecting its ends together 默比乌斯带；牟比乌斯带 mocap n the abbreviation of 缩略 = motion capture 动作捕捉 modder n a person who makes changes to something, such as software or video games, to make them do something else 〔软件、游戏等的〕修改者 mooncake n a round cake that is traditionally eaten during the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival 月饼 Moon Festival, the another name for the MID-AUTUMN FESTIVAL the Mid-Autumn Festival的别称 moonwalk n an act of walking on the surface of the moon 月球行走[漫步] moonwalk v to walk on the surface of the moon 月球行走[漫步] motion capture n a way to record the movement of an actor and use it for a character in a computer game, film, etc 动作捕捉 mountain climber n a person who climbs mountains for sport or as a HOBBY 登山者；登山家 Mount Qomolangma another name for QOMOLANGMA Qomolangma的别称 mouthfeel n the feeling inside your mouth when you eat or drink something 口感 moving violation n an illegal act done by a driver on a road, such as speeding, running a red light, or improper lane changes 行车违法行为〔如超速、闯红灯、不当并线〕 mu n the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet, M or μ 谬〔希腊字母表的第12个字母，即M、μ〕 mukbang n a video in which someone eats a large amount of food and people watch it ONLINE as it happens 吃播 multi-factor authentication n a SECURITY method that requires users to prove who they are using two or more ways, like a PASSWORD and a CODE sent to their phone 多因素身份验证；多因素验证 multi-hyphenate n a person who has many jobs or ROLEs in different areas, especially in art, show business, or MEDIA 身兼多职者；多重身份者；〔尤指〕多栖艺人 multiscreen adj having or using more than one screen at the same time 多屏幕的 muscle memory n the ability to remember how to do things with your body without thinking, because you have done them many times before 肌肉记忆 Mx a title used before a person’s name by those who do not want to say if they are a man or a woman 君〔性别中立称谓〕 nanometre n a unit of length that is equal to one BILLIONTH of a metre 纳米〔指十亿分之一米〕 nanoscale adj extremely small, about the size of things measured in nanometres 纳米级的；纳米尺度的 NAT n the abbreviation of 缩略 = nucleic acid test 核酸检测 nativism n the belief that the people born in a place are better and more important than people from other places 本土主义 nav n a short form of ‘navigation’, commonly used in computing or when referring to guiding or directing 导航〔navigation 的缩略形式〕 navel orange n a seedless type of orange that is easy to remove the skin and is named for the small navel-like mark at the bottom 脐橙 navigation system n a system in a vehicle or MOBILE DEVICE that helps the driver or user find their way to a place 导航系统 nephritis n a condition in which the KIDNEYs become swollen and painful, affecting their ability to work properly 肾炎 nephrology n the study of the KIDNEYs and the diseases that affect them 肾脏病学 nerve ending n the end of a nerve in the body that sends signals to the brain 神经末梢 net zero n a state in which the total amount of something is balanced so that it is not more than zero 净零排放 neuromuscular adj relating to both nerves and muscles 神经肌肉的 new energy n energy from new and clean SOURCEs, such as sunlight and wind 新能源〔如太阳能、风能〕 next-generation adj (of products or technology) new and advanced, likely to take the place of current ones because they are better 下一代的；新一代的 NFC n a technology that allows DEVICEs to communicate wirelessly when they are placed very close to each other 近场通信 NFT n the abbreviation of 缩略 = non-fungible token 非同质化代币；非同质化通证 night sweat n the condition of SWEATing at night, often while asleep 盗汗；夜汗 996 adj, adv used to describe a work schedule from 9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week, often found in certain industries, especially tech jobs in China 996〔早上9点至晚上9点、一周6天的工作制〕 9 to 5 adv between nine o’clock and five o’clock, the normal working hours of an office worker 朝九晚五〔早上9点至下午5点，即办公室职员正常的工作时间〕 Nipah virus n a type of VIRUS that can cause serious illness in both people and animals 尼帕病毒 non-fungible token n a one-of-a-kind DIGITAL object that shows you own something like art or music, and cannot be exchanged for something similar 非同质化代币；非同质化通证 nu n the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet, N or ν 纽〔希腊字母表的第13个字母，即N、ν〕 nucleic acid test n a test to find out if a person has a VIRUS or disease by examining their nucleic acid 核酸检测 nuisance call n a phone call that annoys people, often with a bad purpose 骚扰电话 nurdle n a very small piece of plastic, usually used to make bigger plastic things 塑料颗粒〔通常用于生产塑料制品〕 oat milk n a drink made from oats and water, used instead of milk 燕麦奶 Oceania one of the seven main areas of land on the Earth that consists of Australia, New Zealand, and some other islands in the Pacific Ocean 大洋洲 oddsmaker n a person who sets the odds for a BET 赔率制定者；盘口制定者 omicron n the 15th letter of the Greek alphabet, O or o 奥米克戎〔希腊字母表的第 15 个字母，即O、o〕 online shopping n a way to buy goods or services using the Internet 网购；在线购物 oolong n a type of Chinese tea that is partly FERMENTed and known for its rich taste and sweet smell 乌龙茶 open access n the free use of information or knowledge, especially in science and learning, without payment or restrictions 开放获取 opioid n a drug made from opium or a similar substance, used to reduce pain, but some people use it illegally for pleasure 阿片类物质〔止痛药；有人用作毒品〕 opioid adj related to or like an opioid 阿片类的；阿片样的 opportunity cost n the loss that is made when one choice is made instead of another 机会成本 ourself pron sometimes used instead of ‘ourselves’ for a single subject, but some people consider this incorrect 咱自己〔指单数主语时，有时代替ourselves，但有人不认同此用法〕 overachieve v to do better in your work or studies than expected 〔工作或学习〕超常发挥，表现好于预期 overbridge n a bridge built over a road or railway for people or vehicles to cross 天桥；跨线桥 overfish v to take too many fish from the sea, a river etc, so that the number of fish in it becomes too low 过度捕捞 overtourism n the situation in which a place gets too many visitors, causing damage to it and difficulties for the people who live there 过度旅游 oyster mushroom n a type of mushroom that usually grows on dead wood or plant material and is commonly used in cooking, named for its oyster-like shape and colour 平菇；蚝菇 page-turner n a book that is very interesting and makes you want to keep reading it 引人入胜的书；让人一读就停不下来的书 Palace Museum, the a large museum in Beijing that was the home of Chinese emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties 故宫博物院；北京故宫 Paleo diet n a way of eating that includes only foods that people might have eaten long ago, such as meat, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, while avoiding PROCESSed foods, grains, milk products, beans, and sugar 旧石器时代饮食法〔一种模仿旧石器时代人类饮食习惯的饮食法〕 pandanus n a tropical plant with long leaves used for making things like MATs and baskets, and for adding FLAVOUR in cooking 香露兜〔热带植物，叶长，用于编垫、篮，亦用作香料〕 pangolin n a small animal that eats ants and has a long body covered with hard scales 穿山甲 paper-cut n a piece of art made by cutting paper into different shapes and pictures, often used for decorationand with cultural meaning 剪纸（作品） paper cutting n a traditional art form where people cut paper into different shapes and pictures, often used for decoration and with cultural meaning 剪纸（艺术） para-athlete n a person with a disability who plays sports 残疾人运动员 Paralympic adj relating to an international sports event held every four years for DISABLED athletes who cannot use a part of their body properly 残奥会的 paraprofessional n a person who helps a professional, like a teacher, lawyer, or healthcare worker, without the same level of QUALIFICATION 辅助专业技术人员 paraprofessional adj doing work to help a professional, like a teacher, lawyer, or healthcare worker, without the same level of QUALIFICATION 辅助专业技术人员的 passcode n a set of numbers or words that you need to enter into a DEVICE to make it work 密码 passphrase n a group of words that is used to make sure that only the right person can open something like a computer program or service 密码短语 patient zero n the first person known to have a disease in an OUTBREAK or EPIDEMIC within a group of people or area 零号病人 payor n a person who gives money in payment for something 付款人 pay-per-click n a method of advertising on the Internet in which you pay for each time someone clicks on your advertisement 〔广告〕每点击一次付费 PB n the best achievement or performance you have ever reached 个人最好成绩 PCR test n a test to find out if someone has a VIRUS by finding very small pieces of it in the body 聚合酶链反应检测 Peking duck n a Chinese dish made of duck meat and CRISPY duck skin, usually served with CUCUMBER, SPRING ONIONs, and sweet sauce, wrapped in thin PANCAKEs 北京烤鸭 Peking Opera n a traditional Chinese theatre art form that combines singing, dancing, acting, and ACROBATICS 京剧（艺术） penalty spot n the place on a football field where a player takes a PENALTY KICK ; in other sports, a specific place for penalty actions 罚球点；点球点 people person n a person who enjoys and is good at dealing with people 擅长交际的人；爱与人打交道的人 People’s Republic of China, the a country in East Asia made up of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly under the central government, and two special administrative regions, with Beijing as its capital 中华人民共和国〔简称“中国”，由23个省、5个自治区、4个直辖市和2个特别行政区组成，首都北京〕 personal protective equipment n equipment worn to protect the body from harm, especially at work 个人防护装备；防护服 person of interest n a person that the police or other authorities want to talk to or look into because they may have been involved in a crime 〔尚未被证实为嫌疑人的〕侦查对象 phage n a BACTERIOPHAGE 噬菌体 PHEV n the abbreviation of 缩略 = plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 插电式混合动力汽车 phi n the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet, Φ or ф 斐〔希腊字母表的第21个字母，即Φ、ф〕 phone mast n a tall structure that supports equipment used for mobile phone communication 移动通信基站；手机信号塔 physical distancing n the act of keeping a safe distance from other people to avoid the spread of an infectious disease 〔为防疫病传播〕保持物理距离 pick-your-own adj involving an activity in which you go to a farm, pick fruit or vegetables yourself, and then pay for what you pick 自摘的；自行采摘的 pile-on n a situation when many people attack or criticize someone 围攻 playbook n a book that shows a team’s plans and plays for a game, especially in American football 〔尤指美式橄榄球的〕战术手册，战术本 playlet n a very short play 短剧 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle n a type of car that can use both electric power and petrol to move 插电式混合动力汽车 PM2.5 n very small PARTICLEs in the air, 2.5 MICROMETERs or smaller, that can be harmful when breathed in 细颗粒物〔直径不超过2.5微米，吸入可能有害健康〕 PM10 n small PARTICLEs in the air, between 2.5 and 10 MICROMETERs, that can be harmful when breathed in 可吸入颗粒物〔直径介于2.5微米和10微米之间，吸入可能有害健康〕 POCT n the abbreviation of 缩略 = point-of-care testing 即时检验；床旁检测 point guard n a player in a basketball team who directs the team’s play and passes the ball to other players 〔篮球〕控球后卫 point-of-care testing n the act of doing medical tests right where the patient is, not in a LABORATORY 即时检验；床旁检测 polonium n a silvery-white RADIOACTIVE metal that can be dangerous to health. It is a chemical ELEMENT : symbol Po 钋〔一种化学元素，符号为Po〕 positivity n the state or quality of being positive 积极 post-match adj happening after a sports competition 赛后的 post-truth adj relating to a situation in which people care more about feelings and personal beliefs than facts 后真相的〔指不重事实，个人情感、观念至上〕 PPE n the abbreviation of 缩略 = personal protective equipment 个人防护装备；防护服 PRC, the the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 precarity n the state of not being safe or certain 不安全；危险；不稳 preferred pronoun n a pronoun that someone wants others to use when talking about them, showing their sense of being male, female, or something else 首选代词，优先代词〔指个人希望他人用来称呼自己性别认同的代词〕 prepper n a person who prepares for a possible future EMERGENCY or DISASTER by collecting food, water, and other important things 灾备者；应急准备者 presell v to sell something before it is made or ready 预售 pressure suit n a special piece of clothing that protects people in places where there is very little or no air, such as in space or when flying very high 〔航空、航天等使用的〕压力服 property ladder n another word for HOUSING LADDER housing ladder的另一种说法 prose poem n a piece of writing that looks like prose but uses poetic language and expression 散文诗 PSA n the abbreviation of 缩略 = public service announcement 公益公告；公共服务公告 psi n the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet, Ψ or ψ 普西〔希腊字母表的第23个字母，即Ψ、ψ〕 public service announcement n a message that is made to tell people about something important, usually provided by the government or a public authority 〔尤指政府等发布的〕公益公告，公共服务公告 punitive justice n a system of justice that gives punishment to people who break the law 惩罚性司法[正义] putonghua n the standard form of modern Chinese, based on Beijing pronunciation, northern Chinese DIALECT VOCABULARY, and modern written Chinese grammar and used as a common language across China 普通话 Q & A n a time when people ask questions and others answer them 问答环节 qi n the life energy that flows through everything in Chinese thought and is important in some Chinese medicine and exercise practices 〔中国哲学、中医和功夫的〕气 Qomolangma the highest mountain in the world in the Himalayas, on the border between China and Nepal 珠穆朗玛峰 rabbit hole n a deep and narrow hole that a rabbit digs to live in or to hide in 兔窟；兔子洞 rabona n a way to kick a ball in football by crossing one foot behind the other 插花脚〔足球中一踢球技法，触球脚交叉到支撑腿另一侧触球〕 ranked choice n a method of electing in which you list CANDIDATEs in the order you like them 排序投票制〔投票者依照喜好排列候选人〕 ransomware n a type of software that prevents a computer or its FILEs from being used and demands money to allow the user to use them again 勒索软件 rapeseed n a plant with small yellow flowers and seeds that can be used to make oil 油菜 rare earth n a group of special metals that are important for making many modern tools and machines 稀土；稀土金属 rare gas n a gas that does not easily combine with other substances 稀有气体〔亦称“惰性气体”〕 reading age n the age of an average person who has the same reading ability as you 阅读年龄 recapitalize v to add more money to a business or bank to make it stronger 增资；注资 recumbent n a type of bicycle that lets you sit back with your legs stretched out in front of you 躺车；躺式自行车 red zone n the area within 20 yards of your opponent’s goal line in American football, where you are more likely to score 〔美式橄榄球场地的〕红区 refresh rate n the number of times a new image is shown on a screen in one second 刷新率 registered trademark n a special name, sign, or word that is given legal protection because it is officially registered and used by a particular company, and therefore cannot be used by any other company: symbol ® 注册商标〔符号为®〕 rehydrate v to drink water, or to give water to something again after it has become dry 补水 relatable adj easy to understand or connect with 易于理解[共鸣]的 renminbi n the official CURRENCY of the People’s Republic of China 人民币 repchage n a race in which the people who did not succeed in an earlier race can try again 复活赛 reset n the act of setting something again or making it back to the way it was before 重置；复位；重启 restorative justice n a system of justice that helps to fix the harm caused by a crime by involving everyone affected 修复性司法[正义] retributive justice n a system of justice in which the punishment matches the crime 报应性司法[正义] revenge porn n the act of sharing or showing private sexual pictures or films of someone without their permission, to harm them 报复性色情[裸照] rewatch v to watch something again, especially a film or television programme 重看〔尤指电影或电视节目〕 rewatch n the act of watching something again, especially a film or television programme 重看〔尤指电影或电视节目〕 rho n the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet, P or ρ 柔〔希腊字母表的第17个字母，即P、ρ〕 rhythmic gymnastics n a sport in which people perform exercises and dance to music, using things like RIBBONs or ball 艺术体操 ride-hail n a service that allows you to use a car with a driver through an APP 叫车[打车]服务 ride-share v to share a ride in a car with other people, typically arranging it using an APP 〔多指借助手机应用〕拼车，共享出行 ride-share n travelling in a car with its owner, either for free or for a fee, usually arranged through an APP 拼车；共享出行 rip current n a strong current in the sea that can pull people away from the shore 离岸流 roaster n a person, machine, or company that cooks meat or other food by roasting 烤炉；烘焙机；烤肉师；烘焙公司 romance scam n a trick in which someone pretends to love you to get your money 爱情骗局；婚恋骗局；“杀猪盘” rosacea n a skin condition that causes red areas and sometimes small red spots on the face, usually on the cheeks and nose 酒渣鼻 rough sleeper n someone who sleeps outside because they have no home 露宿者；露宿街头者 rough sleeping n the act of sleeping outside because you do not have a home 露宿街头 ruby anniversary n RUBY WEDDING ANNIVERSARY 红宝石婚〔指结婚40周年〕 ruby wedding anniversary n the date that is exactly 40 years after a wedding 红宝石婚〔指结婚40周年〕 Russian doll n a set of small DOLLs that fit inside one another, with each one placed inside the next larger one 俄罗斯套娃 -ry suffix another form of -ERY -ery的另一种形式 SARS-CoV-2 n the VIRUS responsible for COVID-19 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2〔俗称“新型冠状病毒”或“新冠病毒”〕 schoolbag n a bag used for carrying books and other things needed for school 书包 schoolie n a high school student in their final year, often connected to the parties and trips they have after finishing school 〔高中的〕毕业班学生 screener n a person or machine that checks people or their bags at places like airports to make sure everything is safe 安检员；安检机；安检仪 screen reader n a program that reads text on screens out loud to help people who have trouble seeing use computers and phones 读屏软件，屏幕阅读器〔指辅助视障人群使用计算机、手机的屏幕朗读程序〕 screen time n the amount of time someone spends looking at a screen, such as a computer, SMARTPHONE, or TV 屏幕使用时间〔指盯着电脑、智能手机或电视看的时间〕 sea bass n a sea fish that people often eat 海鲈；鮨 sea cucumber n a small, long animal with a soft body and no bones that lives on the bottom of the sea 海参 seagrass n a kind of plant that grows under the sea in places where the water is not deep 海草 second-hand smoke n smoke from someone else’s cigarette, cigar, or pipe that you breathe in 二手烟 second officer n a person who is second in charge to the main officer on a ship or an aircraft 〔船只的〕二副；〔航空器的〕第二副驾驶员 Section 301 n a part of US trade law that lets the government act against unfair trade practices by other countries, but is often criticized for unfairly protecting US interests 301条款〔美国贸易法一条款，用于应对外国不公平贸易行为，常被指以公平之名行保护主义之实〕 seeded adj (of fruit or vegetables) having seeds inside 〔果蔬〕有籽的 self-care n the act of taking time to care for your mental or physical health 自我保健[护理] self-checkout n a machine, typically found in a supermarket or store, that allows people to pay for goods and check out without help from a person 〔超市、店铺等的〕自助结账机 self-driving adj able to drive and control a vehicle on its own without human help 自动驾驶的 self-guided adj involving or done by the person without help from a guide 自助的；自主的；自我引导的 selfie stick n a stick that is used to hold a camera or SMARTPHONE to take a picture of yourself 自拍杆 self-isolate v to stay away from other people to stop the spread of an infectious disease 自我隔离 self-quarantine n a period of time when a person stays away from other people to stop the spread of an infectious disease 自我隔离期 self-quarantine v to stay away from other people to stop the spread of an infectious disease 自我隔离 set point n the moment when a player or team is one point away from winning a set in sports such as tennis or VOLLEYBALL 〔网球等的〕盘点；〔排球等的〕局点 seven seas, the n all the oceans in the world 七海〔指世界所有海洋〕 sharing economy n a system in which people share the use of things or services, often through DIGITAL PLATFORMs, usually for temporary use rather than ownership 共享经济 shell company n a company that is made to look real but does not do any business, often used to hide money or avoid taxes 空壳公司〔常用于隐匿资产、避税〕 shooting guard n a player in a basketball team who is skilled at scoring points and often takes long-range shots 得分后卫 side hustle n a job that you do in addition to your main job to earn more money 兼职；副业 sideload v to move a FILE or software from one DEVICE to another, often with the help of a computer 旁加载 sigma n the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet, Σ or σ 西格马〔希腊字母表的第18个字母，即Σ、σ〕 silent auction n a type of AUCTION in which people write their offers for an object, and the highest offer wins it 无声拍卖；默拍 simp n a SIMPLETON 傻瓜；蠢货 -sion suffix another form of -ION -ion的另一种形式 situationship n a relationship that is more than a friendship but less than a serious romantic relationship 情境关系，暧昧关系〔介于友情和正式恋情之间〕 six-pointer n a match in a sport in which the winner earns three points, affecting the positions of two teams near each other in the table “六分之战”〔指排名相近的两支球队间胜负差达六分的比赛〕 skimmer n a tool used to remove substances from the surface of a liquid 撇油勺；漏勺；笊篱 slash-and-burn adj relating to a method of farming in which fields are cleared and then burned before planting 刀耕火种的 slider n a shoe with an open back that is easy to put on and take off, often worn for comfort or at the beach 拖鞋 slopestyle n a type of extreme snow sport in which a person SKIs or SNOWBOARDs down a slope and performs tricks 坡面障碍技巧〔一种雪上极限运动〕 smartband n an electronic band that can help you stay healthy, such as by counting your steps, checking your heart rate, watching your sleep, and showing messages 智能手环 smartwatch n an electronic watch that can help you stay healthy, show messages, and work with other DEVICEs 智能手表 smize v to smile with your eyes 用眼睛微笑 smize n a smile with your eyes 眼笑 smurf n a player who uses a low-level account in a video game to hide their skill and play against weaker players “ 炸鱼佬”，“虐菜佬”，“小号佬”〔指视频游戏中隐身欺负低水平玩家的高水平玩家〕 smurf v (of a player in a video game) to use a low-level account to hide their skill and play against weaker players 〔视频游戏玩家〕“炸鱼”，“虐菜”〔指视频游戏中高水平玩家隐身欺负低水平玩家〕 snuggly adj soft and warm 温暖舒适的 social distance n the physical space kept between people to prevent the spread of an infectious disease 〔防止疫病传播的〕社交距离 social distancing n the act of keeping a safe space between people to stop the spread of an infectious disease 保持社交距离 soft play n a fun activity in which childrenplay on soft and safe equipment 〔儿童〕软体游乐 soft power n the ability of a country to attract and influence others through its culture, ideas, and values, rather than using force 软实力 Southern Ocean, the the large body of salt water around Antarctica 南大洋；南冰洋 soya milk n a white drink made from soya beans 豆浆；豆奶；豆乳 spacewoman n a woman who travels into space 女太空人 spambot n computer program that sends large amounts of unwanted emails or messages over the Internet 垃圾邮件机器人 Spanish flu n a very bad type of flu that spread to many countries in 1918 and killed many people 西班牙流感 special character n a symbol that is not a letter or number, such as @, #, $, or % 特殊字符 spellcheck v to check if the words in a text are spelled correctly, often using a computer program 〔常借助计算机程序〕对 作拼写检查 spellcheck n the act of checking the spelling of words in a text, often using a computer program 〔常借助计算机程序所作的〕拼写检查 spellchecker n a computer program that checks if the words in a text are spelled correctly 拼写检查程序 spelt n an ancient type of wheat, now often used in healthy foods 斯佩尔特小麦〔古麦品种，现常用于健康食品〕 spike protein n a type of PROTEIN that a VIRUS uses to enter a cell 突起蛋白；刺突蛋白 split decision n a decision in a sport, such as BOXING, in which the judges do not all agree on the winner 分歧判定，争议判定〔指拳击等比赛中裁判对胜负的裁定不一致〕 sports shoe n a shoe designed for sports or other everyday activities 运动鞋 Spring Festival, the the most important holiday in China, celebrated as the Chinese New Year with family REUNIONs, exchanging gifts, firework displays, and other activities 春节 staged adj performed on a stage 被搬上舞台的 stan n a person who shows a lot of support or admiration for someone or something, often in an extreme way 超级粉；狂热支持者 stan v to show a lot of support or admiration for someone or something, often in an extreme way 狂热追捧[崇拜] starship n (in stories) a large spacecraft used to travel through space 〔小说中的〕星舰，星际飞船 statecraft n the art of governing a country 治国术；治国之道 steak knife n a small knife used to cut meat at a meal 牛排刀〔餐具〕 stepdad n a STEPFATHER 后爸 stepmom n a STEPMOTHER 后妈 stepmum n a STEPMOTHER 后妈 stepwise adj happening step by step or in stages 逐步的；一步步的 sticky rice n a type of rice that is sticky when cooked, often used in Asian food 糯米；江米 stranger danger n the idea, often taught to children, that people they do not know can be dangerous or cause harm 陌生人危险，提防陌生人〔常见于儿童安全教育〕 street food n food that is sold in places like streets or markets and is ready to eat 街头食品；街边小吃 streetscape n everything you can see on a street, such as buildings, trees, cars, and other features 街景 stress hormone n a chemical in the body that is produced in response to pressure or difficult situations 应激激素 sugar-free adj not having sugar 无糖的 Summer Olympics, the a big international sports event that takes place every four years in the summer 夏季奥林匹克运动会；夏奥会 supercut n a video that combines many short parts about the same idea 超级混剪〔指将某一主题的片段剪辑合成的视频〕 superspreader n a person who infects more than ten people with a disease in a short time, often including family and healthcare workers 〔传染病的〕超级传播者 supply chain n the process of obtaining raw materials, producing goods, and delivering them to customers 供应链 surgical mask n a face cover, usually worn by doctors and nurses, to stop the spread of illness 医用外科口罩 suspenseful adj causing a feeling of excitement or worry about what might happen next 悬疑的；有悬念的；吊人胃口的 sweet spot n the best point on a sports equipment, such as a RACKET, BAT, or club, to hit the ball for the best result “甜点”；最佳击球点 swing state n a state in the US where the number of voters for each main political party is similar, making the results of elections very close 〔美国选举的〕摇摆州 swing vote n a vote that is not firmly committed to one side and can determine the result of an election 摇摆票 takedown n an act of bringing someone to the ground, often in sports like wrestling or martial arts 〔常指在摔跤、武术等运动中〕摔倒，击倒，撂倒 tatted adj having TATTOOs on the skin 有文身的 tau n the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet, T or τ 陶〔希腊字母表的第19个字母，即T、τ〕 TCM n a kind of medicine that uses herbs and ACUPUNCTURE 中医；中医药 tea ceremony n a social and cultural event where people prepare, serve, and drink tea in a special way, usually following traditional rules, common in countries like China and Japan 茶道 team building n activities that help a group of people work together better, such as team games or outdoor exercises 团建；团队建设 technical foul n an act of breaking the rules in basketball when a player, COACH, or team acts unfairly or disrespectfully, resulting in the other team getting FREE THROWs 〔篮球的〕技术犯规 technical knockout n a decision in BOXING made by a judge or official, declaring a BOXER the winner because their opponent is not fit to continue 〔拳击的〕技术性击倒 technophile n a person who loves technology and likes to use it often 技术粉；技术迷；技术爱好者 teleprompter n a DEVICE that shows speakers or performers what words to say, commonly used on television or at public events 电子提词器〔向演讲者或表演者提示讲词或台词，常用于电视节目和公众活动中〕 10Xer n INFORMAL a worker who gets 10 times more done than others 十倍效能者 text-to-speech adj relating to the process of changing written or typed words into spoken words using a computer program 文字转语音的 thanx interjection a friendly and informal written form of ‘thanks’, often used in communication with family or friends 谢谢〔thanks的非正式拼法，常用于亲友交流中〕 theta n the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, Θ or θ 西塔〔希腊字母表的第八个字母，即Θ、θ〕 third rail n a metal bar that carries electricity to supply power to trains and UNDERGROUND railway vehicles 〔火车、地铁等的〕第三轨，供电轨 thought leader n a person who is respected as an expert in a particular field and whose ideas are influential 思想领袖 three-pointer n a shot in a basketball game in which the ball is thrown from a distance and earns three points 〔篮球〕三分球 thusly adv in this manner 这样；如是 TikToker n a person who makes and shares short videos on the social media platform TikTok TikTok博主 time management n the skill of planning and organizing your time 时间管理 tourer n a person who travels for fun 游客；旅游者 toxic masculinity n harmful attitudes and behaviours traditionally expected of men 有毒阳刚气；阳刚执念 trail mix n a mixture of dried fruits and nuts often eaten as a SNACK 什锦果仁 transfer student n a student who moves from one school to another to continue their studies 转校生；转学学生 triceratops n a very large plant-eating DINOSAUR with three horns 三角龙〔一种大型植食性恐龙〕 Trojan horse n a wooden horse used by Greek soldiers to trick their enemies the Trojans during the Trojan War. The Greeks hid inside a large wooden model of a horse and were taken into Troy by Trojan soldiers, who thought that it was a gift. the Trojan Horse 特洛伊木马〔特洛伊战争期间，希腊士兵藏身其中，诱使敌人把木马搬入城内，从而里应外合破城〕 troll factory n an organization that spreads false information on the Internet to influence people’s thoughts and cause arguments 水军工厂；喷子工厂 troll farm n a TROLL FACTORY 水军工厂；喷子工厂 try line n a line on a RUGBY field that the ball must be taken across in order to score a try 〔英式橄榄球的〕达阵线 Ts and Cs n the abbreviation of 缩略 = terms and conditions, which are the rules that people agree to when they do something such as buy something or use a service 条款 24/7/365 adj, adv happening all the time, all year round 全年无休 udon n a type of thick NOODLE 乌冬面 ultramarathon n a very long race that is longer than a MARATHON 超级马拉松 ultra-processed food n food that has been changed a lot from its original form, often with many artificial things added to it 超加工食品 unaffordable adj too expensive to afford 负担不起的；买不起的 unbox v to take something out of a box, such as a new product 开箱 unboxing n the act of taking something out of a box, such as a new product, often recorded and shared on the Internet 开箱〔常录视频在线分享〕 underappreciated adj not given enough praise or attention 未得到应有认可的；未被充分重视的 undercard n the match or matches that typically take place before the main event in sports like BOXING or WRESTLING 〔拳击、摔跤等赛事的〕垫场赛 underemployment n the state of having work, but not enough work to use all your ability or time 就业不足；不充分就业 underpriced adj costing less than what it should cost 定价[价格]过低的 under-strength adj having less strength than usual 力量遭减损的 unencrypted adj not written in a way only some people or systems can understand 未加密的 uneven bars n ASYMMETRIC BARS 高低杠 unfancied adj not expected or thought likely to succeed 不被看好的；不起眼的 unmusical adj not good at or interested in playing or singing music 不擅长音乐的；不喜欢音乐的；无音乐天赋的 unmute v to turn on the sound of something that has been silent, such as a phone or computer 解除〔手机、计算机等〕静音 UPF n the abbreviation of 缩略 = ultra-processed food 超加工食品 upsilon n the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, ϒ or υ 宇普西隆〔希腊字母表的第20个字母，即ϒ、υ〕 upskirt adj (of a photo or video) taken from beneath a woman’s skirt, typically without her knowledge or permission 〔照片或视频〕（偷）拍自裙底的 upskirt n a photo or video taken from beneath a woman’s skirt, typically without her knowledge or permission 〔多指偷拍的〕裙底照，裙底视频 upskirt v to take a photo or video from beneath a woman’s skirt, typically without her knowledge or permission （偷）拍〔女子〕裙底 uptick n a small increase in the number or amount of something 微升；小幅上升 uptrend n a period of time when something increases or goes up 上行[上涨]趋势 upvote v to show that you like something someone has posted on the Internet by pressing a button on a DEVICE 赞；点赞 upvote n an act of pressing a button on a DEVICE to show that you like something someone has posted on the Internet 赞；点赞 use-by date n the last day by which something should be used or eaten 最后使用[食用]日期 use case n a description of how someone uses something, especially in work or business 用况；用例 value chain n a series of steps followed by a company or process to add value to a product or service from start to finish 价值链 vape v to use an electronic cigarette or similar DEVICE 吸电子烟 vape n an electronic cigarette or similar DEVICE 电子烟 VAR n the abbreviation of 缩略 = video assistant referee 视频助理裁判 variety meats n the inside parts of an animal, for example the heart, LIVER, and KIDNEYs used as food 〔用作食物的〕动物内脏，下水，杂碎 vaulting horse n a piece of sports equipment in a GYMNASIUM that people jump over 跳马 vax n the abbreviation of 缩略 = vaccine 疫苗 vax v to inject a substance that protects against a disease into a person or animal （给）接种疫苗 victim blaming n the act of saying that someone who has been hurt or harmed is at fault for what happened 归罪受害者 video assistant referee n a person who watches video to help the referee make decisions in sports like football 〔足球等的〕视频助理裁判 viewership n the number or type of people who watch a particular programme or film on television or on the Internet 观众人数；收视率；观众群 virtue signalling n the act of saying or doing something to make oneself look good to others, often without being sincere 道德标榜〔常指虚伪的道德表态〕 vitiligo n a skin problem in which some parts lose colour and turn white 白癜风 voice-activated adj that can be operated by voice 声控的 voice actor n a person who provides voice for characters in films, TV shows, etc 配音演员 voice message n a spoken message that you record 语音消息；语音留言 voice recognition n a machine’s ability to recognize and understand human speech 语音识别 VPN n a private computer network that uses the Internet to connect different places together and keep the connection safe 虚拟专用网络 Web 3.0 n a new stage of the Internet in which users have more control over their own information 万维网3.0版 wet market n a market where fresh meat, fish, fruit, and vegetables are sold 菜市场 WFH the written abbreviation of 缩写 = work from home or working from home 居家办公 whitefly n a small insect, often white, that feeds on plant juice 粉虱〔害虫，吸食植物汁液〕 white hope n someone or something believed to achieve great success in the future 潜力股，希望之星〔指被寄予厚望的人或事物〕 white witch n a person who uses magic powers to help people and do good things 白巫师〔指行善的巫师〕 WHO, the the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 世卫组织 wholegrain adj made using all parts of a grain 全谷物的；全麦的 whole milk n milk with all of its natural fat 全脂乳；全脂奶 wingman n a pilot who flies next to and supports the lead pilot 僚机飞行员 Winter Olympics, the a big international sports event that takes place every four years in the winter 冬季奥林匹克运动会；冬奥会 World Bank Group, the an international organization based in Washington, D.C. that is part of the United Nations and lends money to developing countries to help them improve their farming, industry, health, and education systems. Its two main parts are the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) and the International Development Association(IDA). 世界银行集团〔简称“世界银行”“世行”，系联合国下属多边发展机构，主要由国际复兴开发银行和国际开发协会构成，总部设在华盛顿〕 World Heritage Site n an important place listed by UNESCO because of its great cultural, historical, or natural value 世界遗产地；世界遗产 xi n the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet, Ξ or ξ 克西〔希腊字母表的第14个字母，即Ξ、ξ〕 XS the written abbreviation of 缩写 = extra small, used on clothes to show a very small size 超小号〔服装尺码〕 XXL the written abbreviation of 缩写 = extra extra large, used on clothes to show a very large size 特大号〔服装尺码〕 yellow journalism n news reports that are not always true or important, but are made to sound exciting to get people’s attention 黄色新闻〔指煽情新闻〕 yellow ribbon n a piece of yellow cloth or material used as a symbol to show hope for someone’s safe return, often for loved ones or soldiers 黄丝带〔象征对远方亲人或士兵平安归来的期盼〕 young adult n a person who is in their late teenage years or early twenties 青少年；小年轻 yuzu n a yellow Asian fruit that looks like a small orange and has a strong smell, used in cooking and drinks 香橙；日本柚子 zero-emission adj not producing any harmful gases or substances into the environment, especially CARBON DIOXIDE 零排放的 zero-rated adj zero-rated goods and services are those on which you do not have to pay VALUE-ADDED TAX. In Britain, most food and books are zero-rated. 〔商品或服务〕零税率的，免增值税的 zeta n the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet, Z or ζ 泽塔〔希腊字母表的第六个字母，即Z、ζ〕 zoomer n a person who belongs to GENERATION Z, which includes people born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s Z世代人〔一般指20世纪90年代中期至21世纪10年代初期出生者〕 zoonosis n a disease that spreads from animals to humans 人兽共患病；人畜共患病 zoonotic adj related to diseases that spread from animals to humans 人兽共患的；人畜共患的