M34 MOVING 运动

us again; you can see it if you look behind you.那只狗又跟上我们了，你一回头就能看见它.The boy followed his father out.那男孩跟在他父亲后面出去了.I＇m sending the letter today； the packet will follow （later）.今天我先把信发出去；包裹随后发．2［T1］ to go in the same direc-tion as；continue along 沿···而行；循（路）：The railway line follows the river for several miles. 铁路沿着河伸延好几英里.Follow the road untilyou come to the hotel.沿着这条路走去，就到旅馆了．3［T1］ to go after in order to catch 跟踪； 追赶：I think we＇re being followed.我想有人在跟踪我们．4［T1］to go with；attend on 伴随；陪同：The general was followed by a large num-ber of army officers as he walked round the camp．将军在一大群军官陪同下巡视营房．5［T1］to come next in order or on a list 下一个是；接着：The number five follows the number four．“四”的下一个数字是“五”．6［T1；IØ］tohappen or take place after （something）在（某事等）之后发生：May follows April.四月之后是五月.The storm was followed by a calm.暴风雨过后是一片平静.We expect even greatersuccesses to follow.我们预期随后会有更大的成就．7［T1；IØ］ to come after in some position 做继承人；继承：Queen Elizabeth II followed King George VI.女王伊利莎白二世继承了国王乔治六世的王位.He＇ll be a difficult man to follow；no one understands the work as he did.接他的班很难；没有人像他那样熟悉那项工作的了．8［T1］tocarry on（a certain kind of work）从事···（某种工作）：He follows the trade of baker.他从事面包师这一行.You must study hard if you intend to follow the law （＝ be a lawyer）.你想当律师就得努力学习．9［T1］to keep in sight；watch 注视； 注意：The cat followed every movement of the mouse.猫注视着老鼠的每个动静.He followedher with his eyes (= watched her movements closely）．他老是盯着她．10［T1］ to attend or listen to carefully 听；注意听；倾听：He followed the speaker's words with the greatest atten-tion．他全神贯注地听着演讲者的话．11［T1］（fig）to take a keen interest in 密切注视；对···感兴趣：He follows all the cricket news.他密切注意所有关于板球的新闻.I follow Fulham（＝I＇m a keen supporter of Fulham football team）.我支持富勒姆足球队．12 ［T1］ （fig） to accept and act by 听从；遵从：Why didn＇t you follow my advice？ 你为什么不听我的劝告？These orders must befollowed at once.这些命令必须立即执行.Thevillage people will follow the customs of their grandfathers．村民会遵从其祖先的习俗．13［T1；IØ](fig) to copy; take (something) as a guide 仿效；以···为榜样：He followed the example of his friend and went to the university.他学他的朋友那样，也上了那所大学.You＇ll spend lots onclothes if you always follow the fashion (= dress in the latest manner）.如果你总是赶潮流的话，就会在衣着上花很多钱．14［T1；IØ］（fig）to beor happen as a necessary effect or result (of) 因···而起；是···的必然结果：Disease often follows war.战争后常发生疾病.Just because he＇s at the bottom of the class, it doesn't follow (= you cannot reason from this) that he has no

brains；he may just be very lazy.不要因为他在班上成绩最差，就以为他脑子不灵，他可能只是很懒而已.As you＇re getting a better job， you＇ll be paid more.-No, that doesn't necessarily follow.既然你找到更好的工作，赚的钱就会多些.-不，那也未必.as follows as now to be told； as given in the list below 如下：The results are as follows: Philip Carter first, Sam Cohen second，Sandra Postlethwaite third.成绩如下： 菲利普·卡特第一，萨姆·科恩第二，桑德拉·波斯尔恩伟特第三.

chase/tfeis/1 [T1] to follow rapidly in order to catch 追捕；追逐；追赶：The cat chased the mouse but could not catch it.猫追着老鼠，但捉不到它.（fig）Why do modern people chase materal possessions (= 'things' rather than values，etc）？为什么现代人都追求物质财富呢？2［X9］ to drive away； cause to leave 驱逐；使离开： We must chase the enemy from our country. 我们必须把敌人赶出国土.The old lady chasedthe thief out of the house.老太太把贼赶出屋外.Did you chase that cat away？你把那只猫赶出去了没有？3［L9，esp about，around］ infml to rush；hurry 奔跑；匆匆地跑：Stop chasing about and sit down．别到处乱跑了，坐下来吧．4［T1（down， up）］ to try to find 寻找；寻觅：The police are chasing information about this latest crime.警察正在为这宗最新的罪案寻找线索.The police have been trying to chase upthe dead man's sister but they have no idea where she lives.警察一-直在设法寻找死者的姐姐，但不知道她住在什么地方．5［S］ the act or occasion ofchasing 追捕；追逐；追赶：In the chase the policeman lost his dog.在追捕中，警察失去了他的警犬.There was an exciting car chase after the thieves.为了追捕盗贼，发生了一场惊心动魄的汽车追逐战．6［the R］ esp formerly hunting 狩猎：He enjoys the excitement of the chase.他喜欢狩猎的刺激性.

pursue /pə'sju:/ [T1] 1 to chase in order to catch，kill，or defeat 追捕；追逐；追杀；追击：The dogs pursued the fox across the fields.狗群穿过田野追逐一只狐狸.The police are pursuing anescaped prisoner．警察正在追捕一名逃犯．2 tofollow closely； show continual attention to 紧随；注意：Wherever the travellers went in the Eastern city， they were pursued by beggars.在那个东部的城市，游客不论走到哪儿，身后都跟着一群乞丐．3（of something harmful） to follow and cause suffering to（指不好的事情）纠缠；使受苦：Bad luck pursued us all through the year.这一整年我们的运气都不好．4 to make continualefforts to gain （something）不断努力以取得；追求；寻求：The poet has pursued fame all his life，butnever experienced it.这个诗人一生求名， 却从未如愿．5 to continue （steadily） with；be busy with 从事；继续进行；忙于：He is pursuinghis studies at the university.他在大学求学.The police are pursuing their enquiries into the murder.警察正在调查谋杀案.He could see hewas losing the argument, so he said, I'd rather not pursue the matter.＇他知道自己已辩不赢，所以说：“这个问题我不愿再争论下去了.”pursuit ［U］ 1 the act of pursuing 追赶；追踪：

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The police went in pursuit of the thieves.警察在追捕那些盗贼.The pursuit of money is hismain interest．追求金钱是他的主要兴趣．2 thepeople and／or animals pursuing 追赶者；追捕者； 追逐···的人或动物：I think we have lost thepursuit here.我想我们已经在这里摆脱了追逐者.

go after [v prep T1] not fml to follow, chase,or pursue 跟随；追逐；追踪：The dogs went after the fox.狗群追逐狐狸.

hunt /hant/ 1 [T1; IØ] to go after in order to catch and kill (animals and birds) either for food or for sport 打猎；追猎2［T1；IØ］a togo after (foxes) on horse-back with special dogs （hounds）（带猎狗）骑马狩猎（狐）b to do thisin（an area）（在某地区）骑马狩猎 c to use（one＇s horse） for this 用（马）狩猎：to hunt one＇s horse 骑马狩猎 3 ［T1；IØ］ to search（for） 寻找；搜索：The police are hunting the mur-derer.警察正在搜捕杀人犯.They hunted every-where／high and low for her．他们到处找她．4 ［X9］ to drive away 驱逐；赶走：You can＇t hunt the birds off the seeds; you'll have to trap them in cotton thread.鸟儿吃种子赶不完，你得用棉绳做圈套来捕捉它们．5［C often in comb］anact or occasion of hunting 打猎；搜寻：The hunt was on！狩猎开始了！The police have started a hunt for the woman＇s killer.警察已经开始搜捕杀害那女人的凶手.She has taken part in manyfoxhunts there．她在那里参加了多次猎狐活动．6［GC］ the people （and animals） in a hunt 狩猎队；打猎队伍（连同马匹、猎犬等）：The huntpassed through our wood.狩猎队从我们的树林中穿过.

trail /treil/1 [T1] to follow the trail [→M131] of （a person，animal，etc）跟踪；追踪：The ground was soft and wet, so they were able to trail him to the house.地面松软潮湿，所以他们能够跟踪他到那所屋子那里．2［IØ］to pull or be pulled（along the ground，etc）拖（在地上）；曳：Her long dress trailed on the floor.她的长裙拖在地上.

M35 verbs，etc 动词等：escaping，etc 逃走等

escape /r'skeip/ 1 [IØ (from, out of)] (of a person） to reach freedom or safety 逃走；逃出： He escaped from／out of the burning house.他从着火的屋子里逃了出来.The prisoners haveescaped！那些囚犯逃跑了！2［IØ（from，out of）］ (of liquids or gases) to come out; find a way out（液体或气体）流出；逸出；漏出：They allowthe water to escape.他们让水流出来.Some gas is escaping from the pipe.有些气体正从管道中漏出．3［IØ；T1,4］（of a person） to avoid or keep free from（a stated evil）逃避；避免；免除（某种坏事）：He escaped death only by minutes. 他死里逃生了，只差几分钟就没命了.I hate himbut I can＇t escape meeting him.我讨厌他，但又不得不见他.He narrowly（＝only just） escaped being drowned.他差点儿被淹死.Everyone else caught the disease but I escaped.别人都得了这

M35 MOVING 运动

种病，只有我幸免了．4［T1］（of an event，a fact，etc） to be unnoticed or forgotten by（指事件、事实等）没有被···注意到；被···忘掉：I＇m afraidyour name escapes me （＝ I＇ve forgotten it）.我怕是想不起你的名字来了.Nothing escaped hisattention．什么也逃不过他的眼睛．5［T1］（of anoise, words, etc) to be produced or made, usu unconsciously by （a person）（指声音、说话等）由···不自觉地发出来：À whistle of surpriseescaped him．他不禁吃惊地吹了声口哨．6［C；U：(from, out of)] (an example of) the act of escaping or fact of having escaped 逃跑；逃脱： His successful escape from prison was in all the newspapers.各报章都刊登了他越狱成功的消息.The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了.Escape from hereis impossible.从这儿逃出去是不可能的.Theymade an escape attempt．他们试图逃跑．7［C (of, from, out of)] a case or the act of escap-ing by a liquid or gas（液体或气体）流出；漏出：There was an escape of gas (from the pipe). 气体（从管道里）漏出来了．8［S；U］ somethingthat frees one from unpleasant or dull reality 解闷；消遣：She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷.narrow escape a case ofonly just avoiding （stated）evil 幸免于难：That was a narrow escape all right, when our car turned over！那时我们的车翻了，真是死里逃生啊！flee /fli:/ [IØ; (T1)] usu emot & lit to escape

（from）by hurrying away逃；逃跑：They all fled from the burning ship.他们全都从着火的船上逃生.（lit）I fled Him，down the arches of the years＇（Francis Thompson）.“我沿着岁月的拱廊从他身边逃走了”（弗朗西斯·汤普森）.flee thecountry to g abroad for safety 出国避难

fly /flai/ [IØ; (T1)] usu imper & infin esp for-merly ＆ fml to flee；escape 逃；逃跑：Fly while you can！你能逃就逃吧！They told him to fly the country.他们叫他流亡国外.

get away ［v adv IØ］ infml to escape， flee 逃跑； 逃走：The thief got away completely.那贼逃得无影无踪.getaway［C］the act or occasion of getting away 逃走：The thief made his getaway through a back window.小偷从后窗逃走了.The police found the getaway car (= the car used in the getaway）the next day.第二天警察找到了那辆用于逃跑的汽车.

defect/dr'fekt/[IØ (from, to)] to desert a po-litical party, group, or movement, esp in order to join an opposing one 变节；背叛：She defected（from our party to theirs）.她背叛了（我们的党投到他们那边去了）．defection 1 ［U］the act of defecting 变节；背叛2［C］a case of defecting 变节；背叛的事例：The leaders are becoming anxious about the growing number of defections from our party.领导人对我们党内变节的人越来越多感到焦虑.

elude /r'lu:d/ [T1] 1 to escape from(somebody or something）， esp by means of a trick（尤指用巧计）逃避；躲避：The fox succeeded in eluding the hunters by running back in the opposite direction.狐狸朝相反的方向跑回去，摆脱了猎人的追捕．2（of a fact） to escape from the memory of（somebody）（指事实）不为···所记得；为···所忘

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却：I remember his face very well， but his name eludes me for the moment.(=I can't remember it）.他的脸我记得很清楚，但他的名字我却一下子想不起来了.

decamp/dr'kæmp/ [IØ] 1 (esp of soldiers) to leave a place where one has camped（尤指士兵）撤营 2 infml ＆ humor to leave any place quickly （and usu in secret）（常指秘密地）匆忙逃走；溜走；逃亡：The police are about to discover us；we＇d better decamp.警察就要发现我们了，我们还是快点溜走吧. The lodger has decampedwithout paying his bill.房客没付房租就溜了.

abscond /əb'skond/ [IØ (with)] fml to go away suddenly and secretly because one has done something wrong（因做了坏事）潜逃：The direc-tor of the savings bank absconded with all the money in the bank. 储蓄银行的行长带着全部存款潜逃了.He absconded from the bank.他从银行潜逃了.

break out [v adv IØ] infml to escape,esp from inside a large building, prison, group of guards，etc（尤指从大的建筑物、监狱等或在守卫的看守下）逃脱；逃走：The prisoners broke out （of the prison）.囚犯们（从监狱里）逃跑了.breakout [C] an act or result of breaking out 逃脱；逃走：There has been a big prison breakout！发生了一次大规模的越狱事件！

M36 nouns 名词：things and persons chased，etc［C］被追逐的东西与人等

quarry /'kwori/ an animal or person that is hunted 猎物；被追逐的人

fugitive/'fju:d3ətiv/ a person escaping from the law，the police， danger，etc 逃犯；逃亡者；亡命者：He＇s a fugitive from justice； he＇s trying to avoid being caught by the police.他是个逃犯， 正企图逃避警察的缉捕.

refugee / refju'd3i:/ a person who has had to leave his country for political reasons 流亡者； 难民；政治避难者

defector/dr'fektə/ a person who has defected 变节者；背叛者

deserter/dr'z3:tə/ a person who leaves his duty or his leader, esp one who leaves military service without permission［■M38］擅离职守者；背弃者；（尤指）开小差者；逃兵

M37 verbs，etc 动词等：avoiding and dodging 避开与躲开

[ALSO → K120 MISS]

avoid／ə＇void／［T1,4］1 to escape 逃脱；躲过：He avoided punishment by running away.他一跑了之，逃脱了惩罚.He avoided being punished. 他逃脱了惩罚．2 to miss or keep away from，esp on purpose（尤指故意）避开：I avoided herby leaving by the back door.我从后门走掉，避开了她.She avoided answering my questions.她对我的问题避而不答.

evade/r'veid/fml1 [T1] to get out of the way of or escape from 躲避；逃避：He evaded his enemy.他躲避敌人.The lion evaded the hunters．狮子避开了猎人．2［T1,4］derog to avoid （doing） （something one should do） 逃避（责任／应做的事）：He tried to evade（paying）his taxes．他试图逃税．3［T1］ derog to avoid answering （a question） properly 避而不答： Answer honestly and stop evading my ques-tions！老实回答我的问题，不要避而不答！evasion1［U］ the act of evading 逃避：the fox＇s clever evasion of the dogs 狐狸狡猾地避开狗群2［C；U] derog an action or lack of action which evades 逃避：George is in prison for tax evasion.乔治因为逃税被捕入狱.It was a clearevasion of duty．这显然是逃避责任．3［C］derog a statement which evades 借口；遁词；推诿：The minister＇s speech was full of evasions.部长的演说满篇都是遁词.evasive［B］derog tending to evade（企图）逃避的；推诿的；躲躲闪闪的：He wasvery evasive about where he had been.他避而不谈去了什么地方.Don＇t be so evasive；answer me honestly！别躲躲闪闪的，老实回答我的问题！-ly [adv]-ness [U]

get （a）round ［v prep T1， 4］ infml to evade 回避； 避开：He somehow gets round paying a lot of tax；I don＇t know how.我真不知他究竟是怎么逃了这么多的税.There＇s no getting round this difficulty.这个困难是回避不了的.

dodge／dpd3／1［IØ］ to move suddenly aside 闪开：I tried to hit him but he dodged.我一拳打过去，可是他闪开了．2［T1］to avoid by so doing 躲开：He dodged my blow．他躲开了我的拳头．3[T1] infml to avoid by a trick or in some dis-honest way 施诡计避开：tax-dodging 逃税4［C］ an act of avoiding by a sudden movement of the body 躲闪；躲避5［C］infml a clever way of avoiding something or of deceiving or tricking someone 诡计；妙计：a tax dodge 逃税妙计

skip/skip/1 [T1] to fail to attend or take part in （an activity）；miss 不参加（某项活动）；错过：Let＇s skip the meeting／a meal.我们别去开会／少吃一餐吧．2［IØ （over）； T1］ to pass over or leave out (something in order); not do or deal with (the next thing）略去；遗漏；跳过不做（下一件事）：Sheskipped (over) an uninteresting chapter of the book.她跳过了书中没意思的那一章.Write yourname at the top; then skip two lines and begin to write.把你的名字写在纸的上端，然后空两行再开始写.Every time the record comes to that part of the music the needle skips.每当唱片放到那段音乐时就会跳针.

M38 verbs，etc 动词等：leaving and deserting 留下与丢弃

leave/li:v/[T1 (behind)] to fail to take or bring, esp by accident 遗留；忘记：I＇m afraid I＇ve left my books（behind） at home.我怕是把书留在家里了.

desert/dr'z3:t/1 [Wv5; T1] to leave empty or leave completely and usu without intending to

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return 抛弃；遗弃：the silent deserted streets of the city at night 夜晚城里行人绝迹的寂静街道2[T1] to leave at a difficult time or leave in a difficult position 背弃；离弃：All my friends have deserted me！ 我的朋友全都离弃了我！Hedeserted his wife and children.他遗弃了妻子和孩子.（fig）When he had to speak to her his courage suddenly deserted him.他要跟她说话时，突然失去了勇气．3［IØ；T1］to leave（military service） without permission （从军队）开小差： He deserted （the army） in Hong Kong.他在香港从军队中开小差．desertion 1 ［U］ the act ofleaving one's duty, one's family, or military service without permission,esp if without the intention of returning 擅离职守；遗弃；开小差：He was shot for desertion in time of war.他因在战时开小差被处决了．2［C］an example of this擅离职守；遗弃；开小差（的事例）：There wereseveral desertions from our ship in Hong Kong.在香港，我们船上有几个人跑掉了.

abandon /ə'bændən/[T1]1 to leave completely, never to return； desert 舍弃；离弃：The sailors abandoned the burning ship.水手们离弃了着火的船．2 to leave （a relation， or friend） in a thoughtless or cruel way 遗弃（亲人、朋友）；抛弃：He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.他遗弃了妻子，带着他们所有的钱跑了. This is a home for abandoned wives．这是弃妇之家．3 to give up， esp without finishing，often to do something else 放弃（尤指没完成的事）：The search was abandoned when night fell even though the child had not been found.孩子虽未找到，但由于夜幕降临，大家只好放弃搜寻.The second plan was abandoned in favour of the first.由于采纳了第一个计划，第二个计划被放弃了．4［（to）］ to give （oneself） upcompletely to a feeling，desire，etc 尽情；放纵：。He abandoned himself to grief. 他悲痛欲绝. What abandoned behaviour！多么放肆的行为！ -ment[U]

M39 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：moving forward，etc 前进等

advance/əd'va:ns/1[IØ (on, upon or against)] to move or come forward 前进；进展；向前移动：The soldiers advanced on the enemy.士兵们向敌人进攻.They advanced twenty miles.他们前进了二十英里．2［IØ；T1：（to）］ to （cause to） im-prove or move forward (in rank, interests, development，etc）（使）（在职位、兴趣、发展等方面）提高；提升：He worked so well that his em-ployer soon advanced him.他工作得很好，老板很快就提升他了．3［T1］ to bring forward to anearlier date or time 提早；提前：The meeting has been advanced from nex Tuesday to this Friday．会议已从下星期二提前到这个星期五．4［IØ］to move forward； develop；change 推进；发展；改变：A month has passed and the work has not advanced.一个月过去了，但工作仍无进展．5［T1；IØ］ rare to （cause to） increase； （cause to）rise（使）增加；（使）上涨：Food prices

M39 MOVING 运动

have advanced rapidly this year.今年食品的价格上涨得很快.The firm advanced its prices.公司提价了．6［S］forward movement 前进：There were so many people that our advance to the ticket office was slow.人太多，售票处前排队的长龙前进的速度很慢.The enemy＇s advance wasstopped.敌人的推进被遏止了.You cannot stopthe advance of old age.人会衰老，这是无法阻止的．7 ［C］a development；improvement 发展；改进：There have been great advances in space travel in the last 20 years．近二十年来，太空航行发展得很快．8［A］ going or coming before 先头的；预先的；事前的：An advance party is a group (as of soldiers) that travels ahead of the main group.先头部队就是在主要部队前面先行的部队.An advance copy is a copy of a book that comes out before the official date for sending out copies.样书就是在正式发行前先印出来的书.An advance notice of a month is needed before you can do that.你做那件事之前必须提前一个月通知.

move forward [v adv IØ; T1] infml to advance 前进；提前：The soldiers moved forward.士兵们前进了.The meeting has been moved forward from next Tuesday to this Friday.会议已从下星期二提前到这个星期五.A month has gone byand the work hasn＇t moved forward at all.一个月过去了，工作仍毫无进展.

head /hed/ [L9; X9: esp for] to move directly, esp over a longer distance（朝···）前进（尤指较长距离）：Where were they heading？-The men were heading for the town when we met them. 这些人去什么地方？-我们遇见他们时，他们正往城里走.

progress v: /prə'gres/; n:/'prəugres/ [IØ] 1 to advance 前进；进展：The year is progressing.It will soon be autumn.时光不断向前推移，秋天快到了．2 to improve；develop（favourably）进步； 发展：She is progressing well after her oper-ation．手术后，她恢复得很快．3［U］ advance；journey onward; forward movement in space 前进；行进：The ship made slow progress through the rough sea.轮船在波涛汹涌的大海里慢慢前进.At midday the sun is at the highest point of its progress across the sky.太阳在中午走到天空的最高点．4 ［U］ continual improve-ment or development 进步；进展：Jane is still sick in hospital but she's making progress(= is slowly getting better）.简还在住院，但她的病情已在慢慢好转.Civilization is considered to be the result of progress.文明被认为是进步的结果.5 [U] (natural) course; the state of continuing or being done 过程；进展（often in the phr in progress 进行中）：During one＇s progress through life one has all kinds of experiences. 在人生的旅程中，人会有各种各样的经历.Thebuilding of the school is now in progress.学校正在兴建中.progression ［U；S］ moving on-wards 前进：Life is a progression； it never stops.生命就是不断地向前，永不会停息.pro-gressive ［B］ 1 moving forward or onward 前进的；向前的：progressive changes 前进中的变化2apprec going on to new things 进步的；改良的： progressive ideas／laws 进步的思想／法律3［Wa5］

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M40 MOVING 运动

increasing by regular amounts 累进的；递增的： progressive monthly payments 逐月增加的付款-ly[adv]-ness [U]

M40 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：turning，

twisting，and bending 转动、扭曲与弯曲

turn／tu：n／1［IØ；T1］ to （cause to） go round （使） 转动：The wheel was turning slowly.轮子转得很慢.He turned the wheel.他转动轮子.He made the wheel turn faster．他使轮子转得快些．2［IØ； T1] to (cause to) change or move in a diffe-rent direction（使）改变方向：The animal turned right round (= turned to look in the opposite direction）. 那只动物转过身来.Turn left here，not right.在这里向左转，别向右.Heturned the car and drove away.他把车调了头， 开走了.She turned her face in my direction.她把脸转向我.He turned back and went home.他转身回家了．3［L7,9；X7,9］to（cause to） become different in a stated way（使）变成：He turned white with anger. 他脸都气白了.His failures turned him against us.他的失败使他转而反对我们.She has turned the old house into a lovely family home.她把那所旧房子变成可爱的新家园.The heavy rain turned the roads into rivers.大雨把道路都变成了河川.The old womanused magic to turn the girl into a cat.那老妇人用魔法把女孩变成猫．4［C］an act of turning 转动；转弯；转变：Give the wheel a quick turn.快把轮子转一下．turn on／off ［v adv T1］ to cause (something like a tap, radio, etc) to work/not to work by turning（part of it）打开／关上（龙头、收音机等）：He turned the tap／hose／water off.他把龙头／水管／水关掉了.

veer /viə/1 [L9](of a traveller, vehicle, or road) to turn or change direction（旅行者、车辆、道路）改变方向；转向：The car was out of controland suddenly veered across the road.汽车失去控制，突然转向冲过马路.When you come to therock, veer to the right and continue up the hill; don't follow the path that veers to the left.你走到那块石头前，就向右拐并继续上山，别走左边那条小路．2［L9］（of a person， or ofopinion, talk, etc) to change from one inten-tion，course， plan or opinion to another（人、意见、谈话等）改变；转变：Her friends didn＇tthink she was dependable, because she was always veering from one opinion to another. 她的朋友认为她不可靠，因为她总是拿不定主意.Wewere talking about food, and then suddenly the conversation veered round to stomach diseases.我们正谈论着食品，忽然话题转到胃病上去了．3［T1；L9］ naut to （cause （a ship） to） change course， esp away from the wind （使（船））改变航向：As they came nearer to the enemy the ships all veered to the west, to get a better position from which to attack.舰队靠近敌人时，全都转而向西，以便占据有利的进攻位置．4[IØ] tech (of the wind) to change direction, moving round the compass in the order North-East-South-West（指风按北、东、南、西的顺序）改变方向

twist/twist/1 [T1] to turn quickly and forcefully 拧；扭；（迅速用力地）转动：Twist the handle tothe right and the box will open.将手柄向右拧， 箱子就会打开．2［L9］to move with a bending turning movement 扭动：The dancer twisted sexily to the music.舞者随着乐曲性感地扭动着.The snake twisted across the grass.蛇蜿蜒地爬过草地．3 ［Wv5； T1］ to hurt by pulling and turning sharply as in an accident 扭伤：I twisted my ankle [→B43] when I fell down-stairs.我从楼梯上摔下来时扭伤了足踝.I had atwisted ankle．我扭伤了足踝．4［IØ；T1］to (cause to) change shape by bending, curling, turning，etc 扭曲；扭歪；卷成：His mouth twisted down at the corners as though he was going to cry.他的嘴角往下一拉；好像要哭的样子.Thechild twisted the wire into the shape of a star. 孩子把铁丝扭成星状.This wire twists too easily.这种金属丝太容易扭曲了．5［T1（together）］towind (a number of threads, stems, etc) to-gether 卷；捻；搓；捻合（若干线条、茎等）：Shemade a rope by twisting threads.她把线搓成绳子.The girls twisted the stems of the flowers together to make a crown for the winner of the games.女孩们把花梗编起来制成一顶花冠，送给比赛优胜者．6［T1］to make （something） by doing this 卷成；捻成；搓成：to twist a rope 搓成绳子7［X9，esp round］ to wind （rope， cord， etc） around something 绕；缠：She twisted her hair round her fingers to make it curl.她把头发绕在手指上使它卷曲．8［IØ］ to move in a wind-ing course 弯弯曲曲地走：a stream twisting across the fields 弯弯曲曲流过田野的小溪9［X9，esp off] to pull or break off by turning and bending forcefully 扭断；拧掉；捻断：to twist an apple off a tree 从树上摘下一只苹果；Thefarmer twisted off a piece of bread to eat with his cheese．农夫撕下一块面包就着乳酪一起吃．10[T1](fig) to change the tre or intended meaning of （a statement， words，etc）曲解；歪曲：Stop twisting my words／everything I say.别曲解我的话／我说的每句话.They always twist thefacts to suit their purpose.他们总是歪曲事实来达到自己的目的．11［C］an act or occasion oftwisting 拧；捻；搓；歪曲；扭：Give the handle a twist；that will open the box.拧一下手柄，就可以打开箱子.

distort/dis'to:t/1 [T1] to twist out of the true meaning 曲解；歪曲：Stop distorting what I＇ve said.别歪曲我说的话.He gave a distorted ac-count of what had happened.他对发生的事作了歪曲的描述．2［T1］ to twist out of a natural， usual， or original shape or condition 使扭曲；使变形：His face was distorted by／with anger.他的脸都气歪了．3［T1］（of a machine） to show， play，broadcast，etc improperly（指机器）不正常；使（信号、声音等）畸变；使失真：This radiodistorts sound.这台收音机的声音失真.distor-tion ［U；C］ the act of distorting 扭曲，歪曲；变形：His distortion of the truth is terrible！他对真相的歪曲简直可怕！

pervert/pə'v3:t/[T1] 1 to turn or twist one or something away from what is right, usual,etc 使堕落；把···引入邪途；使变坏；使反常：He was a

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good boy but they perverted him.他原是个好孩子，但他们使他堕落了.He was perverted by evilpeople．他被坏人带坏了．2 to use something for wrong purposes 误用；滥用：You are perverting justice by doing that！ 你这样做是滥用司法！perversion [U;C] an act of perverting; per-verted behaviour of any kind 歪曲；堕落；误用

curve /k3:v/1 [IØ; T1] to (cause to) bend in the shape of a curve（使）弯曲；（使）成曲线：The road curved to the right.路向右弯.Heat the metal and curve it．把金属加热后弄弯．2［C］aline with a rounded shape； bend 曲线；弯： Make that line straight，not a curve.把这条线画直，别画成曲线.She has a beautiful body； plenty of curves.她体态优美，富有曲线.

incline /in'klain/ 1 [IØ; T1] to (cause to) slope （使）倾斜：The road inclines at a steep angle. 路的坡度很陡.Incline the mirror at a better angle．把镜子倾斜到较合适的角度．2 ［T1］ tomove downward 向下移动；使低：to incline one＇s head （in greeting）点头（打招呼）3［V3］ to encourage （to feel，think，etc）使感觉；使认为：The news inclines me to change my mind. 那消息使我改变了主意．4［I3；L9，esp to，towards］ fml a to feel drawn to 倾向于；赞同：I incline to （take） the opposite point of view.我倾向于相反的意见.b to tend to；be likely toshow（a quality）易于；倾向于：He inclines to-（wards）tiredness in winter.他在冬天容易疲倦.

bend/bend/1 [T1; IØ] to (cause to) be forced into or out of a curve or angle（使）弯曲：Bend the wire.把铁丝弄弯.Lead bends easily.铅容易弯曲.（fig）He is very firm about it； I cannot bend him.他对那件事很坚决，我无法改变他.Hewill not bend．他不会屈服．2［T1；L9］to（cause to） slope away from an upright position 弯； （使）倾斜：to bend over／down／forward／back 弯过来／弯下来／向前弯／向后弯；bend down with age因年老而驼背；to bend down in worship 躬身膜拜3［X9，esp to］ to direct （one＇s efforts）， as in aiming with a bow and arrow 专心于：He bent his mind to the job．他把心思集中于工作．4［C］the act or action of bending or the state of being bent 弯曲5 ［C］ something that is bent， as a curved part of a road or stream 弯曲的东西

lean/li:n/1 [IØ] to be in a position that is not upright；slope 倾斜；倾侧2［L9］to bend（from the waist）弯（腰）；倾身：He leaned forward／ down／over to hear what she said.他倾身向前／ 向下／过来听她讲话．3［L9］ to support or restoneself in a bent or sloping position 靠着；倚着4 ［X9］ to rest （something） somewhere 倚；靠； 倚着：Lean it on／against the wall.把它靠在墙上. 5［S （of）］ the act or amount of leaning 倾斜（度）：alean of 90°九十度倾斜

stir/st3:/1 [TI] to move or turn, esp an instru-ment round in (a liquid, etc) esp in order to mix it or to mix something into it 搅拌；搅动；拌和：He stirred the soup．他搅汤．2［X9］ to put in by such a movement 搅进；拌入；把···放进搅拌：She stirred the sugar into the tea.她把糖搅拌在茶里．3［IØ］to（begin to）move（开始）移动：No one stirred in the house; everyone was asleep. 屋子里无人走动，大家都睡着了.He stirred in his

M41 MOVING 运动

sleep．他在睡梦中动了动．4［S］an act of stirring 搅拌；搅动；移动：Give the soup a stir.把汤搅一搅.

M41 verbs，etc 动词等：flowing 流动

flow/fləu/1[IØ] (of liquids, air, etc) to move along（液体、空气等）流动：The river flows past his house. 河流从他的屋旁流过.Water wasflowing everywhere.水流得到处都是.（fig） When she started to write, her ideas began to flow．她一提笔写，文思便源源而来．2［C］an actor occasion of flowing 流动：The flow of water began to stop.水流开始停下来.

discharge /dis'tfa:d3/ 1 [IØ;T1] to send, pour, or let out （gas，liquid，etc）放出；排出；冒出；流出（气体、液体等）：The chimney discharges smoke.烟囱冒烟.The River Rhine discharges （itself） into the North Sea．莱茵河流入北海．2 [U;C] an act of discharging; anything that is discharged 流出；排出；流出物；排出物：Thedischarge of poison into the river killed all the fish.毒物排进河里，把鱼全毒死了.

run/ran/[L9] (of rivers, water, etc) to flow, usu strongly（河、水等）流动；（常指）急流：Water was running down the walls.水从墙上直往下流.Ariver runs past his house.一条河从他的房子旁边流过.

stream/stri:m/ [L9] to flow strongly; move in or as a stream［→L93］涌流；潺潺而流：Water streamed across the floor.水流过地板.Tears streamed down her face.泪水从她脸上流下.People streamed into the building.人们涌进大厦.

meander /mi'ændə/ [L9; (IØ)] 1 esp lit (of rivers and streams) to flow slowly, turning here and there（指河川等）蜿蜒而流；迂回曲折地前进：meandering through the fields 蜿蜒流过田野2（of people or talk） to speak or move on in a slow， unthinking way 漫谈；漫步：He／His speech meandered on till we fell asleep.他／他的演说啰啰嗦嗦，弄得我们都睡着了.

pour/po:/1[X9] to cause (a liquid) to flow esp from one thing in a higher position into an-other in a lower position 使（液体）流（尤指从上到下）；倾注；倒：He poured the wine into a glass.他把酒倒进杯子里.She poured the dirty water away／out．她把脏水倒掉／出．2［L9］to move in large amounts or numbers 涌流：The people poured past／along the street.人群在街上蜂拥而过.

spill /sprl/1 [T1; IØ] to (cause to) pour out, as over the edge of a container， and be lost（使） 溢出；（使）溅出；（使）洒出：My hand slipped and spilt my drink （＝ made my drink spill）.我的手滑了一下，把饮料洒了.The bag broke and theflour spilt out．袋子破了，面粉从里面漏了出来．2[L9, esp over] to spread or rush beyond limits 溢出；涌出：The crowd spilled over from the church into the streets．人群从教堂涌到大街上．3[T1;Iø](fig) infml to let out or tell (secret information）告（密）；泄（密）：He threatened to spill（what he knew） to the police.他威胁说要

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向警方告密．4［C］an act or amount of spilling 溢出；洒出；溢出或洒出的量：clean up coffeespills 把溢出的咖啡擦干净

drip /drip/1 [IØ] (of liquids) to fall in small drops（液体）滴下：Water dripped from the wet cloth．水从湿布上滴了下来．2［C］a small dropof liquid falling in this way （水）滴：Drips fell from the trees．水珠从树上滴下来．3［S］the fall-ing of liquid in this way 滴；滴落：There was a steady drip of water from the trees.树上不断地滴下水来．4［C］tech an apparatus for allowing drops of liquid to enter the body 滴液器

dribble /'dribəl/ 1 [Wv3; IØ] (of liquids) to fall or run in a slow stream, esp from the mouth 慢慢流或滴落（尤指从口中）：Water dribbled overthe rocks．水滴滴答答地落到岩石上．2［Wv3；IØ；(T1)] to let (esp liquid in the mouth) flow out in drops 让（尤指唾液）点滴流下；淌（口水）：Hewas dribbling all over his clothes.他淌着口水， 把衣服全弄湿了．3［C usu sing］ liquid when itdribbles 小滴；细流

trickle /'trikəl/ 1 [Wv3; L9] (of liquids, sand, etc) to flow or move slowly or in (quantities of）small drops，etc（液体、沙子等）慢慢流；滴： The water trickled down the wall.水从墙上一滴滴流下.Sand trickled through his fingers.沙子从他的指缝间慢慢流出来.（fig）People trickledinto the room．人们一个一个地走进屋里．2［S］avery small flow 涓滴；细流：Only a trickle of water was left.只剩下一点点水.（fig）There was a slow trikle of people all day.一整天，人都是稀稀拉拉的.

M42 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：coasting and drifting 滑行与漂移

coast/kəust/[IØ] to (cause a vehicle to) keep moving without using continuous force（使车辆）滑行：The car coasted downhill with the engine off.汽车关闭了引擎，从山坡上滑行下去.

drift/drift/1 [IØ] to move or be carried slowly along, esp on water or in the air,esp in no particular direction 漂流；飘动；飘流（尤指在水上、空中没有目标地）：The engine stopped andthe boat began to drift.引擎停了，小船开始在水上漂流.（fig）He is just drifting；he has no real aim in life．他随波逐流，没有真正的生活目标．2［IØ］（of snow） to move into large heaps（指雪） 积成堆：The snow drifted against the house.屋前积起一堆雪．3［U］ slow movement without any particular direction, plan, etc, esp on water or through the air; (fig) lack of purpose 漂流；漂荡；飘动；没有目的4［C］a large heap ofesp snow or sand caused by the wind 一大堆（尤指被风吹成堆的）雪或沙：He was lost in asnowdrift.他在积雪中迷了路.The drifts were two metres deep／high.积雪有两米深／高.

M43 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：bouncing and bobbing 弹起与上下跳动

bounce/bauns/1 [IØ;T1] to (cause to) move,

esp up, quickly, esp after striking something hard（使）弹起（尤指碰到硬物后向上弹动）：Theball bounced.球弹了起来.He bounced the ball against／off the wall．他使球从墙上弹回来．2［L9］ to move suddenly in such away 突然地移动；弹跳：She bounced in and told us the good news. 她连跑带跳地进来告诉我们这个好消息．3［C］anact of bouncing 弹跳；跳动 4［U］（fig） life and strength 活力；朝气：He＇s young and full of bounce.他年轻而富有朝气.

bob/bpb/1[IØ (up, down)] to move quickly, esp up and down（尤指上下）快速移动：Some-thing was bobbing up and down in the water. 有东西在水里上下浮动.The rabbit bobbed aboutas it ran and they couldn＇t catch it.那兔子到处蹦蹦跳跳，他们抓不到它．2 ［C］an act of bobbing上下快速移动

Putting and taking, pulling and pushing

放与拿，拉与推

M50 verbs 动词： putting and placing 放置

put /put/1 [X9] to move, set, place, lay, or fix (someone or something) in,on, or to a stated place 移动；放；摆；放置；使（人或物）处于某位置：Put the chair nearer the fire.把椅子往炉子这边靠一靠.He put some more wood on the fire.他往火里添了些柴.You put too much salt in thisfood.你在这食物中放的盐太多了.The policehave put the thief in prison.警察把小偷关进监狱.She undressed the children and put them to bed.她替孩子们脱了衣服，并安顿他们上床睡觉.Pu another button on this shirt (= sew it on). 在这件衬衫上再钉一个钮扣.He put a match tohis cigarette（＝lit it）.他擦了根火柴把香烟点着.Put that newspaper down while I'm talking to you！我对你说话时，把那张报纸放下！2［X9］techto turn, guide, or direct (a boat or horse) in a stated direction 把（船、马）转向或驶往：The captain put the ship back to port for repairs. 船长把船驶回港口修理.He put his horse at thefence，but it refused to jump over.他把马骑到栅栏前，但马不肯跳过去．3［X9］to push or send（with force）（用力）推：He put his sword through his enemy＇s body.他用剑刺穿了敌人的身体.She put her pen through the mis-spelt word（＝ crossed it out）.她用笔划掉了拼错的字.4 [X9] to make, place, set, or fix (something or someone) in connection with something else or an act of will or the mind 使（人或物） 与其它事物形成某种关系：It＇s time to put an endto the meeting（＝end it）.是结束会议的时候了.You won't succeed with the work unless you put your mind to it （＝ study it）.除非你把心思放在工作上，否则你不会成功.Never put your trustin a stranger （＝ don＇t trust a stranger）.千万别相信陌生人.I didn＇t break the window，but

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everyone has put the blame on me(=blamed

me）.窗子不是我打破的，但人人都责备我.I＇ll soon

put a stop to that（＝stop it）.我马上就来制止它.

Whatever put such a strange idea into your

head？究竟是什么使你产生这样的怪念头？His

dirty clothes put his wife to shame (= made

her ashamed）.他的脏衣服使他的妻子感到羞愧.

The prisoner was put to death (= was killed).

那囚犯被处死了.He was put to the sword （＝

killed with a sword）.他被人用剑刺死了.The

murderer will be put on trial.杀人犯将受到审

判.Your carelessness has put him in a temper.

你的粗心使他大为光火.I may have been wrong，

but put yourself in my place; what other

action could I have taken？我可能错了，但是你

设身处地替我想一想，我当时还能采取什么别的行动

呢？5［X（7），9］ to cause to be （in a stated

condition）使成为；使变成···（样子）：He put his

books in order.他把书放整齐.You made a

mistake； I＇ll put it right at once.你出错了，我马

上把它纠正过来.He＇s put his knowledge of

French to good use while he's been in France.

在法国期间，他的法语知识大派用场．6［X9；（T1）］

to ask (officially) for (something) to be

considered（正式）要求考虑：The lawyer put

several questions to the witness.律师向证人提

出了几个问题.（fml）I ask that the question be

now put.我要求现在就考虑这个问题.The plan

will be put before the director.这个计划将提请

董事考虑．7［X9］ to express （something） in

words， esp in a particular and exact way 表达

（尤指用独特而确切的方法）：She is-how shall I

put it?-not exactly fat, but rather well-built

for her age.她，怎么说好呢？算不上胖，但就她的年

龄来说，体型够丰满的.His ideas were cleverly

put.他巧妙地表达了自己的想法.A lawyer must

put his case quite clearly in court.律师在法庭

上必须十分清楚地陈述自己负责的案件.I want to

know how to put this in French.我想知道这个

意思用法语怎么讲.She was trying to put her

feelings into words.她试图用语言表达出自己的

感情．8［X9；（T1）］ to write down； make （a writ-

ten mark of some kind）写下来；标出来：Put a

cross opposite the spelling mistake.在拼错的词

旁打个交叉.What shall I put at the end of the

sentence？-Put a question mark.我应该在句

子后面用什么标点呢？-用问号.I don＇t know

what to put．我不知道该写什么．9［X9］to cause

(a person or animal) to be busy; set to some

kind of regular arrangement or work 使（人或

动物）忙碌；布置；安排工作：If I really put myself

to it， I can finish this work today.如果真的下

功夫，我今天就能做完这工作.Can we put the

horse out for hire？ 我们能把这匹马租出去吗？

Put all the boys to work.把所有的男孩子都打发

去工作.

lay/lei/1 [X9, esp down] to put, esp down on

something 放；放下：Lay it down.把它放下来.Lay it on the table．把它放在桌子上．2［T1］toset in proper order or position 放在适当的位置： This builder is able to lay bricks very quickly. 这位建筑工人砌砖砌得很快．3［T1］to put knives，forks， etc on， ready for a meal（准备开饭时）摆好餐具（esp in the phr lay the table 摆设餐具）

M50 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

4 [T1] to cause to lie flat, settle, disappear,or cease to be active 平放；平息；消失：The rain quickly laid the dust.雨很快就把尘土压下去了.Her fears were soon laid（to rest）.她的恐惧很快就消失了．5［T1；IØ］（of birds，insects，etc） to produce （an egg or eggs）（鸟、昆虫等）生（蛋）； 产（卵）：The hens aren＇t laying.那些母鸡不生蛋.6 [X9] to put into a condition, esp of weak-ness， helplessness，obedience，etc使处于某种状态（尤指衰弱、无助、顺从等）：The country waslaid in ruins．这个国家已沦为一片废墟．7［X9］(fig) to make (a statement, claim, charge, etc) in a serious，official，or public way 提出（声明、要求、控告等）；严正而正式或公开地宣称、要求、指控等：Your employer has laid a serious charge against you．你的雇主对你提出了严重的指控．8［D1 with／on；T1 （on）］ to spread or cover 铺；覆盖：He wants to lay the floor with mats.他想把整个地板铺上粗地毯.

set／set／1［X9］ to put （to stay） in a place 放置； 安放：Set a lamp on the table.在桌上放一盏灯.The dish was set before the king.那盘菜肴摆放在国王的面前.He set guards around the gate. 他在大门周围布置了警卫.The boat set us on theshore.船把我们载送到岸边.He set pen to paper（＝began to write）. 他提笔书写.She set a match to the papers and watched them burn. 她擦根火柴点着了纸张，并看着它们燃烧.（fig）They set him as leader over the group.他们让他当组长.His great height sets him apart （＝ makes him clearly different) from the others. 他身材高大，显得十分出众.He set duty beforepleasure in his mind.在他的心目中，尽职重于享乐．2 ［X7,9］ to make or cause to be in a stated condition 安置；引致：He opened the cage and set the bird free.他打开笼子把鸟放了.She setthe mixed-up pages in order.她把次序混乱的文件整理好.Let＇s set the mistake right.让我们把这个错误改正过来吧.He set the papers onfire／set fire to the papers．他把文件烧毁．3［T1］ to fix or determine (a rule, time, standard, number，etc）确定；规定；决定（规则、时间、标准、数目等）：Let＇s set a date for the wedding.我们把婚期定下来吧.They set conditions for the agreement.他们定了协议的条件.He sets a highvalue on life.他很珍惜生命.They set the price at £1000．他们把价格定为一千英镑．He set（up）a new land speed record.他创造了陆上速度的新纪录.You must set an example for others by good behaviour.你必须以良好的行为为别人树立榜样.Our fine products set the standard for the whole industry.我们的优质产品为整个行业树立了准则．4［D1；T1；V3］ to give （as piece of work）for（someone） to do 指派；安排（工作）；布置（功课）：Who set（the questions for） the examination？考试题目是谁拟定的？The teacher set the class various tasks.老师给班上学生布置了各种作业.He then set them to write reports on what they＇d done.然后他让他们就所做的事写报告．5 ［T1］ to put into a position， esp into order for use 调整；布置：He set the clock（by the time given on the radio）.他（按收音机报的时间）对钟.Set the camera for a long-distance shot.调好相机，拍一张远距离的照片.She set the

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M50 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

table for dinner.她摆好桌子准备吃饭.The stageis set for the next part of the play.舞台已布置就绪，可以演出话剧的下一部分了.Set the heatingcontrol at 21 degrees．把温度控制钮调到二十一度.He set a trap for the mouse.他放置了一个捕鼠器．6［T1；IØ］ a to put （a broken bone or limb) into a fixed position for proper healing 固定（折断的骨或肢体使之愈合）：The doctor setmy broken wrist.医生把我折了骨的手腕固定好.b(of a broken bone or limb) to heal in a fixed position（断骨或断肢）接好：I mustn＇t use it until it has set completely.在（断肢）完全接好之前，我不能用它．7［T1］ to fix firmly （a part ofthe body, esp regarded as showing one's in-tention，feelings，etc）固定（身体某一部分，尤指能表露某种意向、感情等）：He set his jaw andrefused to agree to anything I said.他紧闭着嘴， 无论我说什么他都不同意.She＇s set her faceagainst (= she opposes) her daughter's mar-riage.她坚决反对她女儿的婚事.The child hasset his heart on that toy; I wish I could buy it for him.孩子一心想要那个玩具，我真希望能给他买一个.I＇ve set my mind on this plan and I don＇t want to give it up.对这项计划我已经拿定主意，而且我不愿放弃它.

fit/fit/1 [Wv5; T1 (up)] to put (something, esp a piece of apparatus） in place 安装（仪器等）：The men fitted the telephone for her.那些人为她安装了电话.The machines were fitted in／into position.机器已安装好了.This room has fitted carpets.这个房间铺了地毯.Everything has been properly fitted up now．现在一切都已安排就绪．2[IØ; T1] (of clothes) to be put, worn, etc (by) （服装等）（使）合身：This suit fits／doesn＇t fit （me）well.这套衣服（我穿着）合身／不合身.

fix/fiks/[T1 (up)] to put into position, esp by fastening， using nails，etc 固定（尤指用钉等）： The machines were fixed into the wall.机器被固定在墙上.Fix it up here.把它固定在这儿.

install /m'sto:l/ [T1] often tech 1 to put in position ready for use 安装；装置：Install the new machines here.把新机器安装在这儿.Theyinstalled a modern bathroom in the old house．他们在旧屋里安装了现代化的浴室．2［usupass] to put (someone) in a new position, place，etc esp at a special ceremony（尤指特殊仪式）使就新职；使安顿下来：He was installed aspresident.他就任总统.They have just installed themselves in their new house.他们刚刚在自己的新居安顿下来．installation 1［U］ the act of installing 安装；装置；就职2 ［C］ a ceremony of installing 就职仪式：We were at the president＇s installation．我们参加了总统的就职仪式．3［C］anexample of this; something, esp a machine, factory，etc，which，has been installed 安装；装置；就职（指事例）；装置物；设备；（工厂等）设施：Heis the head of the new army installation.他是新军事设施的长官.

rig up [v adv T1] not fml to put materials, equip-ment,etc together quickly, in order to make （something）拼凑；匆匆建成：They rigged up a simple shelter against the storm.他们搭了个简单的小棚来躲避暴风雨.

place/plers/1 [X9] often fml to put or arrange

in a certain position or condition 放；布置；排列（在特定位置、条件下）：Isn＇t that picture placed too high on the wall？墙上那幅画挂得太高了吧？Place the books on the shelf in order of the writers＇ names.按作者姓名顺序把书摆放在书架上. You placed me in a very difficult position. 你使我很为难．2［X9；（T1）］to find employment， a home，etc for 任职；安顿：He＇s quite highly placed in the government.他在政府里身居高位.Can you place these two homeless children? 你能安顿这两个无家可归的小孩吗？3［T1］to passto a person, firm, etc, that can perform the needed action 发出（订单）；订（货）：I placed an order with them for 500 pairs of shoes．我向他们订购了五百双鞋.We shall lose money if wecan＇t place these goods.如果订不到这些货，我们就会亏损．4［X9；（T1）］ to make a judgment of the worth， social rank， etc of 评价：How high would you place her among the singers of this country？在这个国家的歌手中，你对她的评价有多高？5［T1］ to remember fully all the details of， and where and when one last saw, heard,etc 记得清楚（全部细节、时间、地点等）：I＇ve heardthis music many times in the past, but at the moment I can＇t quite place it.我以前曾多次听过这音乐，但一时记不起在何时何地了．6［X9］toput（with certainty）把···寄托于：I place all my trust in you. 我对你绝对信任.The teacherplaces a great deal of importance on correct grammar．那位老师十分重视语法的正确性．7［T7，9 usu pass] to state the position of (a runner) at the end of a race 为（赛跑者）定名次：He wasoriginally placed first, but after a complaint he was placed second.他原来被定为第一名，可是由于有人抗议而被改为第二名．8［X9］to put（money）for the purpose of earning interest 存（款）：His father placed £1000 in his account in the bank. 他父亲把一千英镑存入他的银行账户里.

clap/klæp/[X9] emph to put, place, or send usu quickly and effectively（急速有力地）放置或送：She clapped her hands to her ears to keep the awful noise out.她急忙用手捂住耳朵，不听那刺耳的噪音.The guards clapped him in prison. 警卫马上把他关进监狱.He clapped the doorshut.他砰地把门关上了.

locate /ləu'keit/1 [X9] fml to fix or set in a cer-tain place 设于；置于（某地）：He located his home in thecountry．他把家安顿在乡下．2［L9］ AmE to settle （down） in a place（在某地）定居3［T1］ to find or learn the position of 找出···的位置：We have now located the missing equip-ment.我们现已查明丢失的设备的去向.

situate /sitfu'eit/ [X9 usu pass] 1 fml to put in a particular place；locate 使位于；使坐落：The house was situated on a hill.房子坐落在一座小山上．2 （fig） usu infml to place among possibilities； to put in a condition 使处于某种境地：How are you situated for money； do you have enough？你有多少钱？够吗？

position/pə'zıfən/ often fml 1 [X9; (T1)] to put in the proper position 把···放在适当的位置：Please position the chairs for the committee meeting．请为委员会会议摆好椅子．2［X9］to put

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in a （stated） position 放置：He positioned the cup carefully on the edge of the shelf.他小心地把杯子放在架子的边上．3［T1］ to find out theposition of 发现···的位置；找到···的位置：Canyou position them？你能指出他们的位置吗？

station /'steıfən/ [T1 often pass] usu tech to put in a place for a purpose 驻扎；安置（有目的地放在某处）：The soldiers stationed themselves／ were stationed in the centre of the town.士兵们驻扎在市中心.She was stationed in Birming-ham at the time.她当时派驻伯明翰.

site/sait/[T1 usu pass] usu tech provide with a site（＝position）；locate 为···提供场所；设于；置于：The house was beautifully sited to catch the sunshine.这房子的位置选得极好，阳光充足.

pinpoint/'pin,point/ [T1] 1 to show the exact position of 指示准确的位置：The two powerful beams of light pinpointed the man climbing up the wall of the building.那两道强光准确地照出那正在爬墙的人的位置．2（fig）to find or de-scribe the exact nature or cause of 发现或描述···的准确性质或原因：Something is wrong withour plan but we haven't pinpointed the troub-le yet.我们的计划有毛病，但我们还没有找到其症结所在.

space /speis/ [T1] to place (things) with a certain distance between each 隔开；在···之间留间隔：Space the boxes a metre apart（from each other）.把箱子摆开，箱与箱之间相距一米.Are the words on the page properly spaced？ 页上词与词之间留的间隔适当吗？

perch /p3:tf/1 [L9, esp on,upon] (of a bird) to come to rest from flying（指鸟）栖息：The little bird perched on my finger.那只小鸟停在我的手指上．2［X9；L9］ to （cause to） go into or be in the stated position (esp unsafely, or on some-thing narrow or high）（使）处于（不稳的位置、狭窄处或高处）：He perched a funny little hat on his head.他把一顶滑稽的小帽戴在头上.Sheperched （herself） on a tall chair.她坐在一张高椅子上.He perched on the edge of the roof.他危险地坐到屋檐上.A little village perched onthe side of the mountain.一个小村庄坐落在山坡上.

M51 verbs，etc 动词等：carrying，taking， and bringing 带、拿与领

carry/'kæri/ 1 [T] to have in one's arms,on one＇s back，etc while moving 携带；抱；背；提； 挑；扛：The monkey carried her babies on her back.那猴子把小猴背在背上.The man carried abag in one hand and a stick in the other.那人一只手提着手提包，另一只手拿着手杖.I can＇tcarry you any further；you＇re too heavy.我不能继续背着你走了，你太重了．2［T1］ to act as themeans by which (a person or thing) is moved from one place to another 运输；传送：Zam-bian railways carry a lot of copper.赞比亚的铁路运输大量的铜.Pipes carry oil across the desert.管道穿越沙漠把石油输送出来.Telephoneconversations are carried by wires.电话中的通

M51 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

话是由电线传递的．3［T1］ to bear the weight of（something） without moving 支撑；支承：This pillar carries the whole roof.这根柱子支撑着整个屋顶．4［T1］tech to support with food 向···提供食物；养活：This field can carry up to 10 cows．这块牧地能给十头母牛提供饲料．5［T1］infml to keep or support with money, help, personal effort，etc 支援；帮助：Why should we carry you when you don＇t work hard？你不好好工作，我们为何要帮你呢？The two main actorscarry the whole show.两位主要演员支撑着整出戏.The company will carry you until your illness is better.公司将会帮助你，直到你病情好转为止．6 ［T1］ to keep or hold （something） with one；wear 带；拿；穿：Do you usually carry so much money around？你经常随身带这么多的钱吗？In Britain police do not usually carry guns．在英国，警察通常不带枪．7［X9 no pass］tomove or hold （oneself） in a certain way 变换或保持一定的姿态：Jean carries herself very nicely and attracts all the men.琼风姿绰约，吸引了所有的男人．8［T1］ to take from one person to another；spread 传染；传播：Many serious diseases are carried by insects.许多严重疾病都是由昆虫传播的．9［Iø］ to be able to reach acertain distance；cover space 能达到；能传到（一定的距离）：She could never be a great singer because her voice does not carry！她永远成不了出色的歌手，因为她的嗓子不响亮！10［T1］（of ashop） to have （goods） for sale（指商店）出售（货物）：This shop carries a very wide variety of clothes．这个商店出售的衣服款式很多．11［T1；IØ］(of a female) to be expecting (young or a child）怀孕：Our cow＇s carrying again.我们的母牛又怀胎啦．12［T1］to contain 包含：The report carried a serious warning of future trouble.报告对未来将会出现的麻烦提出了严肃的警告.Theking's letter carried a threat of the minister's dismissal．国王的信威胁说要将大臣免职．13［X9］to increase, enlarge, or continue (someone or something） in space， time， or degree； take 增加；扩大；延伸：His ability carried him to the top of his profession.他的才华使他升到其专业的顶峰.They＇re planning to carry the bridge across the river here.他们正计划在这儿把桥架设到河的对岸去.

take/terk/1 [D1 (to); T1] to carry from one place to another 带；拿：Don＇t forget to take your bag with you.别忘了带手袋.We usually take the children to school in the car.我们通常开车送孩子上学.This train will take you toLondon.这列火车会把你送到伦敦.I＇m going totake this dress back to the shop because it doesn＇t fit properly.我要把这件衣服退给商店，因为它不合身.Take him another cup of tea.再给他倒一杯茶．2［T1］ to use as a way of gettingfrom one place to another 乘；搭（车、船等）： My husband goes to work on the bus but takes the train coming home.我丈夫上班乘公共汽车，下班回家时坐火车.

bear／beə／ ［T1］ fml to carry or take 搬；运；带；拿： He bore the child on his back.他把孩子背在背上.In their hands they bore weapons.他们手持武器.

885

M52 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

bring/bri/1 [D1 (to); T1] to come with; come carrying (something) or leading (someone), etc 同来；带来；领来；拿来；取来：Bring me thebook. 把书拿给我.Bring the book with you when you come. 你来时把书带来.Bring yourfriend to the party. 把你的朋友带来参加聚会.Bring an answer.带个答复来.The prisoner was brought before the judge.犯人被带到法官面前.(fig) The soldier's brave deeds brought him honour and glory.那士兵的英雄事迹给他带来了荣誉.（fig）The beauty of the music brought tears to her eyes．美妙的音乐使她热泪盈眶．2［T1；V3］ to cause or lead to 促使；导致：Spring rains bring summer flowers.春天的雨水带来了夏季的鲜花.What brought you to do it？是什么使你这样做呢？He could never bring himself to kill an animal or bird.他决不忍心杀死兽类或小鸟的．3［X9］ to cause to reach a certain state 使达到某种状况：Bring them in／out／back／ together.把他们带进来／出去／回来／一起带来.Hebrought the gun into action. 他开了枪.He brought the work to an end．他把工作完成了．4［T1； V4］ to cause to come 使到来；把···引来：Her cries brought the neighbours （running）.她的叫喊声引来了邻居（使邻居都跑来了）.Our sadletter brought many offers of help.我们那封悲痛的信使许多人向我们伸出援助之手.

fetch/fetf/ [T1] 1 to go and get and bring back （去）取来；叫来；带来：Run and fetch the doctor！ 快跑去请医生！Please fetch me a clean hand-kerchief from my bedroom.请从我的寝室给我拿一块干净的手帕来．2（fig）to attract；cause to appear or come 吸引；使出现或到来：The storyfetched the tears to my eyes.故事使我感动得落泪.fetch and carry （for） to do the small duties of a servant（for）（为···）干差事；供差遣： You can't expect me to fetch and carry for you all day！你不能指望我整天供你差遣！

lift/lrft/1[T1(up)] to raise from one level and hold or move to another level 提起；举起；抬； 搬：Lift（up）the stone.把石头举起来.The baby was lifted onto the bed．孩子被抱到床上．2［T1 (up)] (fig) to raise to a higher level, condition, or quality 提高（水准、状况、品质等）3［IØ］（ofmoveable parts) to move or go upwards or outwards（指可移动的部分）向上或向外移动；提起；拔起：The top of this box won＇t lift.这箱子的盖揭不开．4［T1（up）］to raise or move up-wards or to an upright position 升起；举起；举高；竖起：The dog lifted（up） its ears.狗竖起了耳朵．5［IØ］（esp of clouds，mist， etc） to move upwards， thin out， or disappear（指云雾等）消散：The low clouds began to lift.低垂的乌云开始消散．6［T1］to bring to an end；remove 撤销； 解除；结束；取消：The unpopular tax was soon lifted．那不受欢迎的税不久就取消了．7［T1］（insome games） to cause （a ball）to rise（在某些运动中）使（球）弹起8［T1］ infml to steal （esp small articles）偷（尤指小东西）9［T1］to take and use (other people's ideas, writings, etc) as one's own without stating that one has done so抄袭；剽窃（他人的见解、作品等）10［T1］to digup （root crops or plants） esp carefully（尤指小心地）掘出；拔起（根菜或其它植物）11［T1］to

make （the voice） loud， as in singing 提高（声音）；放声（高歌）

shift/jift/ 1 [IØ; T1] to change in position or direction； move from one place to another 改变位置或方向；转移；移动：He shifted impatientlyin his seat during the long speech.演说很长，他不耐烦地在座位上动来动去.Fasten the loaddown to keep it from shifting at high speed.把（车上的）货物捆紧，以防它在高速行驶时移动位置.The wind shifted and blew the mist away.风向转了，雾也散了.Don＇t try to shift the blame onto me！休想诿过于我！They＇ve shifted their furniture all around.他们把家具统统调换了位置.2 [C] a change in position or direction; an act or result of shifting 转向；转变；转移：There has been a shift in the wind/in political opinion. 风向转了／政治主张变了.

M52 verbs 动词：sending and

transporting 寄送与运输

send/send/1 [D1 (to); T1; V3, 4] to cause to go or be taken to a place， in a direction，etc 送；寄发：If you need money I＇ll send it／I＇ll send you some.如果你需要钱，我就寄去／我给你寄一些去.You should send your shoes to be repaired.你应该把鞋送去修补.The explosion sent glassflying everywhere.爆炸把玻璃炸得四处飞散.If Ican't bring the papers I'll have them sent to you．如果我不能把文件带来，我就派人给你送来．2[X9;V3,4] to cause, direct, order, etc (a per-son） to go 派遣；打发：He was a leader who seemed to be sent from God.他仿佛是上帝派来的一位领袖.He sent his army into battle.他调军队投入战斗.They sent their children to school in the town.他们送子女去城里上学.Thechild was sent to buy some milk.孩子被打发去买牛奶.The accident sent me looking for a new car．车祸迫使我去物色一辆新汽车．3［X7,9esp into; V4] to cause to have a particular feeling or be in a particular state 使感觉；使处于：The news sent the family into great excite-ment.那消息使全家大为兴奋.The victory sentour spirits rising.这次胜利使我们情绪高涨.Thisnoise will send me mad！这噪音会使我发疯的！4[IØ(for),3] to cause a message, request,or direction to go out; give a command, request, etc 召唤；传令；延请：The king sent and had the man brought to him.国王下旨把那人带到他面前.The king sent for the man but he couldn＇t be found.国王下旨召见那人，但那人却找不到了.He sent to tell us he couldn＇t come.他派人告诉我们他不能来了.Send for a doctor！派人去请医生来！5［X9，esp out，forth］ （of a natural object） to produce from itself（指自然物）生出； 发出：The sun is sending out light all the time. 太阳每时每刻都在发光．6［Wv6；T1］（fig）infml(esp of art or music) to be very pleasing and exciting to（someone）（尤指艺术或音乐）使兴奋；使陶醉：Man，his playing really sends me！啊， 他的演奏真使我陶醉！7［D1 （to）； T1， 5a］ lit （espof God） to give or provide（尤指上帝）赐给；施

886

K194： American football 美式橄榄球／美式足球

A halfback 中卫

B fullback 后卫

C quarterback 四分卫

D wide receiver 接球卫

E split end 端卫

F tackle 擒抱卫

G guard 守卫

H centre 中心卫

I tight end

近端卫

J defensive end 防端卫

K defensive tackle 防擒卫

L linebacker线卫

M cornerback 角卫

N safety 安全卫

O referee 裁判

P umpire 副裁判

Q head linesman 主巡边员

R line judge 线裁判

S field judge 场裁判

T back judge

后区裁判

U down box

十码进攻标记牌

V yardage chain 量尺

W goal 球门

X inbounds lines 返回线

Y end zone 端线区

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K195：baseball 棒球

bat

球棒

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N center fielder 中坚手

O right fielder 右外野手

P shortstop 游击手

Q catcher 捕手

R home plate 本垒板

887

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

K196：cricket 板球

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

A wicket 三柱门

B third man第三手（位置）

C longstop 守门员正后方外野手（位置）

D deep fine leg

守门员后方左侧外野手（位置）

E long leg守门员左后方外野手（位置）

F long-on投球手右后方外野手（位置）

G slip 守门员右后方外野手（位置）

H backward point

在击球手右侧后方的外野手（位置）

gully 守门员右侧外野手（位置）

J wicket keeper 三柱门守门员（位置）

K leg slip 守门员左侧外野手（位置）

L point与击球手同在一线的外野手（位置）

M short extra cover

靠近三柱门的额外堵截员（位置）

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N silly mid-off 守门员右前方守场员（位置）

O batsman 击球手

P silly mid-on 守门员左前方守场员（位置）

Q square leg

与三柱门联线成直角的外野手（位置）

R umpire 裁判员

S extra cover额外堵截员（位置）

T mid-off投球手左侧外野手（位置）

U bowler 投球手

V umpire 裁判员

W batsman 击球手

X mid-on投球手右侧外野手（位置）

Y mid-wicket 守门员左前方较远处的守场员（位置）

Z long-off 投球手左后方外野手（位置）

F left service court 左发球场

G right service court 右发球场

H service line 发球线

J half-court line 半场线

K backcourt 后场

tennis court

网球场

M54 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

指用船）运送；装运：He shipped the goods to

Japan for us.他替我们把货物用船运到日本.

dispatch, despatch /dr'spætf/ [T1] 1 [(to)] to

send off （to a place or for a stated purpose） 发

送；派遣：dispatch letters／invitations 发信／请帖；

dispatch a boy to the shop to buy beer 打发小

孩去商店买啤酒2 to finish quickly；get through

（work，food，etc）迅速做完（工作）；吃光（食物）：

We soon dispatched the chocolate cake.我们

不一会儿就把巧克力蛋糕吃光了.They dispatched

all their business in a day.他们一天之内就把全

部事情办完了.

M53 verbs 动词：taking，leading，and

escorting［T1］带领与陪同

[ALSO→M77]

take /teik/ to help (someone) to a place by

going there with him or her 带领；陪同：Take

these people to a shop where they can get

food.把这些人带到商店去买食品.

lead /li:d/ to take (someone) somewhere,esp

over a longer distance or with some special

authority 引导；带领：He led them to the house.

他领他们到那所房子去.Lead us there！领我们到

那里去！Can you lead us to safety？你能把我们

带到安全的地方吗？

guide /gaid/ to show (someone) the way by

leading esp because of special knowledge 引

导；给···做向导；带路；指引：He guided the man

through the streets to the railway station.他带

那人穿过街道到火车站去.He guided them round

the Art Show.他带领他们参观美术展览.（fig）

The light guided them into the harbour.灯光

指引他们进入港口.

conduct/kən'dakt/fml to take, lead, or guide

引导；带领；陪同：He conducted them to his

office.他带领他们到自己的办公室去.

escort/'eskort/ polite to go with (someone) as a

guide 护送；陪同：May I escort you to your car？

我送你上车好吗？

accompany/ə'kampəni/1 sometimes fml to go

with （someone or something）伴随；陪伴：His

wife accompanied him on his trip to London.

他妻子陪他去伦敦.I＇ll accompany you as far as

the main road．我陪你一直到大路上，2［（with）］

to do something or to happen while (some-

thing else） is being done or happening（与另一

事物）同时发生；同时做（某事）：Music accom-

panied the film.该影片有音乐伴奏.He accom-

panied his talk with colour slides ［■F270］．他

边讲边放映彩色幻灯片.accompaniment［C］

something that goes with something else 伴随

物：Illness is often an accompaniment to

eating poor food.吃得不好往往就要生病.

M54 verbs 动词：sending and taking

away 发送与拿走

ship／fip／［T1］to send （things）， esp in a ship （尤 send away also 又作 send off ［v adv］1［T1］to

予：Heaven send that we＇ll arrive safely！愿上帝保佑我们平安抵达！Heaven send us a safejourney！愿上帝保佑我们一路平安！send word tosend a message 通知；传话：He sent word that he＇d be delayed.他派人通知说他可能被耽搁.

transfer/træns'f3:/1 [T1; IØ] to move from one place，job， person，thing， etc to another 迁移； 转移；调动：They transferred her from the London to New York branch after completion of her training.在她的培训结束之后，他们把她从伦敦调到了纽约分行.The office was transferredfrom.Belfast to Dublin.办事处从贝尔法斯特迁到了都柏林.This football player is hoping to transfer to another team soon.这位足球运动员希望不久能转到另一个球队．2［T1；IØ］ to （causeto) move or change from one vehicle to another（使）换乘（车、船等）：At London we transferred from the trainto a bus.在伦敦我们由火车换乘公共汽车.At the port the goods aretransferred onto a ship.货物在港口转到了轮船上．3 ［T1］ to move （a pattern， set of markings， etc） from one surface to another 转印（图案、标记等）；转写；摹绘：to transfer a pattern onto leather 把图案转印在皮革上4［T1］to give theownership of （property） to another person 转让；将（财产）让予；让渡：The land was trans-ferred to me by the king as a reward for my loyal service.土地是国王为酬报我对他的忠诚服务而赏给我的.

transport/træns'po:t/[T1] 1 to carry (goods, people， etc） from one place to another 运输（货或人）；运送；搬运：to transport coal by train 用火车运煤2（in former times） to send a crimi-nal to a distant land as a puníshment（旧时）流放；放逐（罪犯）：The thief was transported to Australia．那贼被放逐到澳大利亚去了．3 ［usupass] fig & poet to fill with delight,joy, or any strong feeling 满怀高兴（或任何强烈感情）：Wewere transported with joy when we heard the news.我们听到消息时欣喜若狂.

convey/kən'ver/ often tech&fml 1[T1(from, to)] to take or carry from one place to another 运送；输送；传送；传递：Wires convey electricity from power stations to the user.电线把电从发电站输送给用户.We conveyed ourgoods to market in an old car.我们用一辆旧汽车把货物运送到市场去．2［T1,5（to）］ to make（feelings，ideas，thoughts，etc） known 传达；表达（感情、意见、思想等）：Words convey mean-ing.言语表达思想.I can＇t convey my feelings in words.我无法用言语表达我的感受.

deliver/dr'livə/1 [T1] to take and give to some-one；hand over 投递；交付；传送；送交；移交：Hedelivered the goods to our office in Man-chester.他把货物送到我们在曼彻斯特的办事处.Postmen deliver ltters．邮差投递信件．2［IØ］to take things to houses， offices，etc 送货上门： That big store will deliver if you want them to. 那家大商店可以按你的要求送货上门.delivery［U；C］ the act of delivering 投递；送交；传送：The delivery of letters is the business of post of-fices.投递信件是邮局的工作.We have two deliv-eries of letters a day.我们这里每天派两次信.

889

M55 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

send to another place 遣走；送往他处：He sent his son away to school in Germany.他把儿子送往德国留学.He sent the food away saying he was too ill to eat it.他叫人把食物拿走，说自己病了吃不下．2［IØ （for）， 3］ to order （goods） to be sent by post 邮购（货物）：I couldn＇t get this kind of lamp in town, so I sent away for it to a company in London.我在城里买不到这种灯，所以去函伦敦的一家公司订购.

take away [v adv T1] to take to another place, esp because not wanted or needed 拿走；拿开（尤指不愿要或不需要之物）：Take these booksaway，please.请把这些书拿走.I don＇t like it； take it away！我不喜欢这东西；把它拿走！Theytook the prisoner away.他们把犯人带走了.

remove /rI'mu:v/ [T1(from)] 1 to take away from a place； take off 拿开；调走；脱掉：He re-moved a child from the class.他把一个孩子从班上调走了.Remove your hat.脱掉你的帽子.Remove your shoes in the mosque.在清真寺里要脱鞋．2 to get rid of；clean off 除去；清除：Remove the mud from your shoes.把鞋上的泥清除掉．Remove her fears．消除她的恐惧．3 fmlto dismiss 开除；免职：That officer must be re-moved（from his position）.那官员必须撤职. removal [U; C] the act or an example of re-moving 拿开；除去；迁居；免职：His removalfrom London was a mistake.他迁出伦敦是一个错误.

M55 verbs 动词：showing and directing ［X9］引导与指引

[ALSO→M77]

show /fəu/ to go with and guide or direct （someone）引导；带领；指引：May I show you to your seat？ 我领你入座好吗？Show thegentlemen in／out，please.请把这位先生带进来／ 出去.Show him where to go.告诉他该去哪里.

direct/də'rekt/ fml to show (someone) some-where esp as a kind of command 指引；指示方向（尤指作为一种命令）：They directed him tohis seat／where to go.他们领他到座位上／指示他该去哪里.

usher /'Afə/ fml to show or take (someone) somewhere esp ceremonially 引领；带领（尤指礼节隆重地）：He was ushered in very politely.他被十分客气地带了进来.They ushered us to ourseats.他们领我们入座.

M56 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：pulling 拉、拖

pull/pul/1 [T1; IØ] to take (something) along behind or after one while moving 拉；拖：The horse was pulling a cart; it was pulling stead-ily．那匹马拉着一辆大车；拉得很稳．2［T1；IØ；(X7)] to move (someone or something) to another place by holding and drawing along, sometimes with force 拉开；拖走；用力拉：Pull

the mat in front of the fire.把地席拖到火炉前

面.I can＇t pull it；you＇re standing on it.我拖不

动它；你站在上面呢.He pulled his chair up to

the table.他把椅子拉到桌旁.The cupboard

door is stuck and I can＇t pull it open.碗柜的门

卡住了，我拉不开．3［T1；IØ（at）］to take and

move (someone or part of someone's body,

garment, etc) roughly towards one, sometimes

with the desire to hurt 撕；拉扯：The child

pulled（at） its mother＇s coat.孩子拉他母亲的外

套.The child pulled its mother by the coat.孩

子拉他母亲的外套.Don＇t pull the cat＇s tail！别扯

猫的尾巴！Don＇t pull the cat by tail！别扯猫的尾

巴！4［X9，esp on， off］ to move （esp a （part

of a) garment) to a different position with the

hands 把（尤指衣物或衣物某部分）拉上；穿上；扯

（脱）下：He pulled his sock carefully over his

swollen ankle.他小心翼翼地把袜子拉过他那肿起

的脚踝.He pulled on his boots／pulledhis

boots on．他穿上靴子／他把靴子穿上．5［IØ］（of

an apparatus) to move when taken or pressed

towards one（指器械）拉动；牵动；拔动：The

handle pulls. so easily that a child could open

the door．手柄很容易拉，小孩子都能把门打开．6

[T1] to take or press towards one in order to

cause an apparatus to work 拉；扳；拔；扣；按（器

械）：Aim the gun carefully before you pull the

trigger［H237］．打枪要小心瞄准，然后再扣扳机．

7 [T1] to stretch and sometimes damage, by

using force 用力拉；拉伤：He＇s pulled a muscle

as a result of trying to lift the end of the

piano.他想抬起钢琴的一端，结果拉伤了肌肉.

You've pulled this woollen garment out of its

proper shape after washing it.这毛料衣服洗

过后，你把它拉得变形了．8［T1（out，up）］ to

take up out of the earth（从土中）拔出：She

went into the garden to pull a few onions for

dinner.她到菜园去拔了几棵洋葱以备晚饭用.Pull

out these dead plants；pull them up.把这些死

了的植物拔掉；把它们拔起来．9［C］usu infml an

act of pulling 拉；拖：Give it a good pull.用力拉

它一下.Two more pulls and we＇ve done it！多

拉两下子我们便成功了！10［C；U］ a strong

attractive force 拉力；引力：The pull of the sun

keeps the earth in its position.太阳的引力把地

球固定在其位置上.

drag/dræg/1 [T1] to pull (a heavy thing) along 用力拉（重物）；拖；曳：The boy was dragging a great branch along.那男孩子拖着一棵大树枝走.He dragged his foot as he walked.他走路时拖着一只脚．2［X9］ to cause to come or go unwillingly 拉来；拖去；使···不情愿地来／去：Whymust you drag me out to a concert on this cold night？你为什么一定要在这么寒冷的夜晚拖我出去听音乐呢？（fig） There＇s no need to drag me into the quarrel.没有必要把我拖进这场争吵.3 [IØ (on)] to move along too slowly in space or time 慢吞吞地走；落后；拖沓；拖延：He draggedbehind the others.他落在别人后面了.The meet-ing dragged （on）.会议拖得很长.The play dragged a bit in the third act.这部话剧的第三幕有点拖沓．4［IØ（along）］ to move along while touching the ground 拖曳；拖着脚步走：The end of her long dress dragged (along) in the dust.

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她那长裙的下摆在尘土上拖着．5［C］somethingthat is dragged along over a surface 被拖之物 6 ［C；U］ the or an act of dragging 拖；曳7［C (on, upon)] something or someone that makes it harder to advance towards a desired end 拖累； 累赘；障碍物；负担：They used to be good friends but now he feels she is a drag on him.他们俩过去是好朋友，但是现在他觉得她是自己的累赘.

haul／ho：l／1 ［T1； IØ］ to pull hard 用力拉（拖）：He hauled the wood up the hill.他把木料拖上山.They hauled in the fishing nets.他们把鱼网拉上来.They hauled away on the ropes.他们拼命用绳子拉．2［C］an act of hauling拖；拉3［C］ the distance hauled 拖运的距离：（fig）It was a long haul home, carrying our bags up the hill. 背着口袋上山，回家的路显得特别远．4［C］a theamount of fish caught when fishing with a net 一网捕得的鱼量：a good haul 一满网鱼b（fig）the amount of something gained 获得量：That money is quite a haul！那些钱可算是一大笔收人！

heave /hi:v/1 [IØ; X9] to pull and lift, esp forcefully towards oneself（用力）拉；拖；举起： They heaved away at the heavy box.他们拼命拖那只沉重的箱子.They heaved it up on therope．他们用绳子把它拉起来．2［IØ］to rise andfall strongly and regularly（猛烈而又有规律地） 起伏：His chest heaved after the race.赛跑后他的胸膛剧烈地起伏着．3［X9］ infml to throwforcefully（用力）投掷；扔；抛：The children have just heaved a brick through my window. 孩子们刚从我的窗外扔进一块砖头来．4［C］an actof heaving 拉；拖；举；投；抛；起伏：Let＇s have a good heave and we＇ll move it！我们用力拉一下就能拉动了！

wrench /rentf/ 1 [X9] to pull hard with a twisting or turning movement 猛扭；猛拧；揪；夺； 抢：He wrenched the bag from her hand.他从她手里抢走了手袋．2［T1］to twist and damage（a joint of the body）扭伤（关节）：to wrench one＇s ankle 扭伤脚踝 3 ［C］ an act or result of wrenching 扭；拧；揪；夺；抢；扭伤

tug /tag/1 [IØ (at); T1] to pull, esp hard and quickly 用力拖；快拉；猛扯：Don＇t tug so hard！ 别那么使劲拉！He tugged the wires out of the wall．他用力把电线从墙里拉出来．2［C］a quickhard pull 快拉；用力拖：Give it a good tug.使劲拉它一下.

draw /dro:/ [T1; L9] to pull steadily and con-tinuously（持续地）拉；拖：He drew the long rope up out of the wuter.他把长绳子从水里慢慢拉起来.tow/təu/1 [T1] to pull (something) along by a rope，chain，etc（用绳索、链子等）拖；拉；牵引：One boat towed the other.一只船拖着另一只船.He was towing another behind his own.他在自己的船后拖着另一只．2［S］an act of towing 拖；拉；牵引：My car has broken down； can I have a tow，please？我的汽车坏了；可以帮我拖一下吗？towline［C］ a rope used for towing 拖缆；拖绳

M57 verbs 动词：pulling out 拔出

pull out [v adv T1] to take (something) out with

M58 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

some force（用力）拔出：That tooth is decayed and should be pulled out.那颗牙齿已经腐烂，应该拔掉.He pulled the cork out of the bottle.他拔出瓶塞.

draw out ［v adv T1］ to pull out steadily 抽出；拉出：He drew a paper out from underneath the books.他从书堆下面抽出一张纸来.

extract/rk'strækt/[T1] fml & tech 1 to pull or take out，often with difficulty（费劲地）拔出；取出：He extracted the tooth.他拔掉了那颗牙.Can you extract this piece of dirt from my eye？ 你能把我眼睛里那块脏东西取出来吗？（fig）Thepolice extracted the information from the criminal．警察从罪犯口中套出情报．2 to take outwith a machine or instrument or by chemical means (a substance which is contained in another substance）（用机械）榨出；（用化学方法）提取；提炼：They extracted gold from the rocks. 他们从岩石中提取黄金.Oil can be extractedfrom cottonseed.从棉籽中可以榨出油来.

withdraw /wið'dro:/1[T1(from)] to take away or back 取回；拿走；提取：He（with）drew five pounds from his bank account.他从自己的银行帐户上提取了五英镑．2［T1；IØ（from）］to（cause to） move away or back（把）撤走；撤退；撤回：The general withdrew the army.将军把部队撤回了．The army withdrew．部队撤退了．3［T1；IØ (from)] to get or take (something) out; not take part （in）（使）退出；不参加：He withdrew his horse from the race.他让他的马退出比赛.He withdrew from the race．他退出了比赛．4 ［T1］ to make as if unsaid； to take back 撤回（所说的话）；撤销；收回：He withdrew the remark.他把那话收回了.I withdraw that point.我撤销那个意见．5［IØ］ to move or turn oneself slightly out of a certain direction 后退；缩回：She with-drew against the wall as the car passed close by.汽车擦身而过时，她赶紧后退往墙上靠.

M58 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：pushing 推

[ALSO →N154 FORCE, N334 PRESS]

push /puf/ 1 [T1; IØ; X7] to use sudden or steady pressure in order to move (someone or something) forward, away from oneself, or to a different position 推；推动；推进；推开：He pushed me suddenly and I fell into the water. 他突然推我，我就掉进了水里.It＇s rather cold；please push the window up.天气相当冷；请把窗子关上.He got off his bicycle and pushed it up the hill.他下了自行车，并推着车走上山去.Some-one at the front was pulling and someone at the back was pushing.一个人在前面拉着，另一个人在后面推着.Don＇t push；wait your turn to get on the bus.别推，按顺序上车.Please push the door shut．请把门关上．2［X9］a to make （one＇s way） by doing this 推进；挤出（一条路）：Hepushed his way to the front of the crowd.他挤到人群的前面.b to cause （oneself） to move by doing this（使自己）推进：He pushed himself to the front of the crowd．他挤到人群的前面．3［C］

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M59 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

an act of pushing 推；推动；推进：They gave the car a push to get it started.为了把汽车开动起来，他们推了它一下.The door opened at a slightpush．门轻轻一推就开了．4［U］fig infml active determination to succeed, esp by forcing oneself and one＇s wishes on others 好胜心；毅力；进取心：She＇s not very clever but she has plenty of push and has got herself a good job. 她不很聪明，但是很有毅力，因此得到了一份好工作.5 [U](fig) help or influence in someone's favour 帮助；推荐：He got that job through push; his father is a friend of one of the directors of the firm.他是通过推荐得到那份工作的；他父亲是那家公司一位董事的朋友.

shove/Av/1 [IØ; X9] to push, esp in a rough or careless way（尤指粗鲁地）推；猛推；挤；撞：Therewas a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.上公共汽车时人们你推我撞.Help me shovethis furniture aside. 帮我把这家具推到旁边去.(fig) Don't try to shove all the work onto me! 别想把全部工作都推给我做！2［L9，esp over］infml to move oneself 挪动：Shove over， friend,and let me sit on the seat beside you. 朋友，挪动一下，让我坐在你旁边的座位上．3［Cusu sing］ esp infml a push， esp if forceful（尤指用力的）推；撞：We gave the car a good shove and moved it out of the mud.我们使劲一推，把汽车从烂泥中推了出来.

thrust /θrast/ 1 [X9] to push forcefully and suddenly（用力）猛推；挤；冲；插；刺：We thrust our way through the crowd.我们从人群中挤过去.He thrust his hands into his pockets. 他把双手插进口袋里.The murderer thrust a knife in her back.凶手把刀刺进她的后背.The actresssaid she was perfectly happy until fame was thrust upon her.那位女演员说她原来生活得很快活，直到名望突然强加到她身上．2［IØ（at）］ tomake a sudden forward stroke with a sword, knife，etc（用刀、剑等）插向；猛刺；猛戳：Hethrust at me with his knife．他用刀向我刺来．3[C] an act of thrusting; forceful forward push 推；挤；插；刺；戳；突入；突击：The generalplanned a thrust into enemy land.将军计划向敌方领土突击.He made a thrust against the government in Parliament.他在国会里对政府进行了抨击．4［U］a the force directing an object， esp a plane, forward; forward-moving power of an engine（飞机、引擎等的）推力b forcefulpressure from one object onto another, as between the stones in an àrch（如拱门石块间的）向轴压力；挤压力：If the thrust is not exactlyright the arch will fall down.如果向轴压力对不准，拱门就会倒塌．5［C］a swift forward stroke with a knife，sword，etc（刀、剑等的）刺；戳

propel /prə'pel/ [T1] to move, drive, or push （steadily）forward 推进；推动：One has to de-pend on the wind to propel a sailing boat.帆船要靠风力推动.When the swimmer＇s arms became tired he propelled himself by kicking his feet up and down.那游泳者双臂游得倦了，便上下踢动双脚来推动自己前进.propulsion ［U］the act or power of propelling anything 推进； 推进力

project/prə'd3ekt/1 [Wv4; T1; IØ] to (cause to)

stand out beyond an edge or surface（使）凸出； 突出；伸出：Some creatures project their tongues to catch flies and other insects.有些动物伸出舌头捕捉苍蝇和其它昆虫.At this point theland projects into the sea.在此处，陆地伸入海中.His ears project noticeably； he has pro-jecting ears.他的耳朵明显地突出来；他有一对招风耳．2［T1］ to （aim and） send through the air with force 投掷；发射；喷射：The tribesmen can project their spears with great skill.这些部族人投掷长矛的技巧非常高．projection 1［U］the actor result of projecting 凸出；投掷；发射2［C］ anything that projects 投影；凸出物：projections on a wall 墙上的投影

stlck out ［v adv IØ； T1］ infml to project （使）突出；伸出：His ears stick out.他的耳朵往外突出.She stuck out her tongue at them.她向他们伸舌头.

protrude /prə'tru:d/ [Wv4; IØ] tech, pomp & emph to project strongly and often in an un-satisfactory way 凸出；突出：＇His ears protrude too much，＇ she said.她说：“他的耳朵突出得太厉害．”protrusion 1［U］ the act of protruding 伸出；突出2［C］anything that protrudes 突起部分；隆起物 protuberant［B］protruding 隆起的； 突出的：protuberant eyes 暴凸眼 protuberance 1［U］ the state of being protuberant 隆起；突出2 ［C］ something protuberant 隆起物；突出物

stuff/staf/1 [X9,esp into] to push, esp as filling material 硬塞；硬挤：Don＇t stuff anything else in，or the bag will burst.不要再往里塞东西了，不然袋子会撑破的．2［T1（with）］to fill 装填；填塞：to stuff a bag full 把袋装满；to stuff a shoe with newspaper 用报纸填塞鞋子；（fig）to stuff someone＇s head with nonsense 用荒唐的念头塞满某人的头脑3［Wv5；T1］ to fill the skin of （adead animal）， to make it look real 填塞（死动物）的皮以制标本：a stuffed elephant 制成标本的象

stick /stik/ [X9] 1 to push in (esp a pointed object）插入；刺；戳：She stuck some pins into the material．她把一些大头针插在料子上．2infmlto put 放：Stick it on the table.把它放在桌上.

M59 verbs 动词：throwing 投掷

throw /θrəu/1 [D1 (to);T1; IØ] to send (some-thing) through the air with a quick movement （as of the hand）投；掷；抛；扔：He threw the ball to me.他把球扔给我.He threw me the ball. 他把球扔给我.She threw a stone into the water. 她把一块石头投入水中.He throws well.他投掷得很好．2［T1（off）］to cause to fall 使摔倒；摔下： The horse threw its rider.马把骑手摔下来.The horse threw him off． 马把他摔了下来．3［C］an act of throwing 投掷：That was a good throw！ 那一下投得不错！

cast／ka：st／fml ＆ tech 1［T1］to throw 投；扔；抛； 掷：He cast the net into the river to catch fish. 他把网撒到河里捕鱼．2［C］an act of casting 掷；投；扔；抛：That was a good cast！这一下投得好！fling/flin/1 [D1; X7, 9; (T1)] to throw violently

or with force（用力地）扔；猛掷；抛：Don＇t fling

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your clothes on the floor；hang them up.不要把你的衣服扔在地上；把它们挂起来.Everymorning he flings the window open and breathes deeply.他每天早晨推开窗户，然后作深呼吸.She flung her shoe at the cat.她把鞋往猫身上扔去．2［X9］ to move （part of oneself） quickly or violently 急伸；挥动；（猛然）摇动（身体的一部分）：She flung back her head proudly. 她骄傲地把头往后一仰．3［X9］ to put suddenly，violently，or unexpectedly 使突然处于；把···粗暴推入：The military government flung its op-ponents into prison．军政府把反对者投入监狱．4[L9] to move oneself violently, esp in anger （尤指发怒时）猛冲；急行：She flung around theroom／from the house.她绕着房间乱转／冲出房子.chuck/tfak/1 [D1 (to); T1] infml to throw esp with a short movement of the arms 投；扔；抛： Chuck me the ball，please．请把球扔给我．2［T1 （in，up）］ infml to give up 丢弃；放弃：He＇s decided to chuck his old job（in）.他决定放弃原来的工作.He＇s chucked in smoking again.他又一次戒了烟.He＇s decided to chuck his girl-friend.他决定抛弃他的女朋友.chuck（out） tothrow away 扔掉：Do you want to keep this book or should I chuck it out？你想保存这本书还是我该把它扔掉？chuck it（in）stop it 停止：Chuck it or else I＇ll hit you！住口，不然我就揍你！I wish you＇d chuck it in.但愿你别干下去了.

toss/tps/1 [D1 (to); T1] often infml to throw, esp lightly，without great force 轻抛；扔；掷：He tossed me the ball.他把球扔给我.He tossed the ball to me.他把球扔给我.Toss it over here， please！请把它扔过来！2［T1；IØ］（of a coin） to throw up in the air to see which way it will fall 掷钱币（看其落在哪一面以决定某事）：Let＇s toss tosee who goes first.我们掷钱币来决定谁先去吧.I＇ll toss you for who goes first！我要跟你掷钱币来决定谁先去！He tossed and lost.他掷了钱币，但是输了．3［T1；IØ：（about）］ to move up and down，from side to side（上下）颠簸；左右摇动； 翻来覆去：He couldn＇t sleep， and tossed and turned in bed all night.他无法入睡，整夜在床上翻来覆去.The ship tossed in／was tossed by the storm．船在暴风雨中颠簸．4［C］an act of tossing or tossing up； a quick movement 扔；抛；颠簸； 猛抬；掷钱币（决定某事）：The person who winsthe toss starts the game.掷钱币猜赢的人先开始比赛.She gave an angry toss of her head when she heard what he had said about her.当她听到他所说的那些有关她的话时，气得把头一仰.tossup [v adv IØ] to toss a coin to decide accord-ing to which side lands face upwards 掷钱币看哪面朝上来决定某事：Let＇s toss up and see whogoes first.我们掷钱币来决定谁先去吧.toss-up［C］ an act of tossing up 掷钱币决定某事：Whowon the toss-up？ 掷钱币谁赢了？（fig）It＇s a toss-up between them for the job(=either of them could get the job）.他们两人得到这份工作的机会不相上下.

scatter/'skætə/1 [T1] to throw (usu many small things） here and there 散播；撒播：The wind scattered the pieces of paper.风把碎纸片吹得四散.He scattered sand on the road.他把沙子撒在路上．2［T1］to send or drive， usu quickly，in

M61 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

different directions 使散开；使离散；驱散：The soldiers scattered the people.士兵把人群驱散了. 3 [IØ] (of things or persons) to go, usu quickly，in different directions 分散；散去：The people scattered when the soldiers came.士兵一到，人们就散开了.

pelt／pelt／［T1］ to throw things at 投掷；扔：The people pelted him with fruit.人们用水果掷他.

sprinkle /'sprijkəl/1 [X9] to scatter in drops or small grains 洒；撒：He sprinkled water on the grass／sand along the icy path. 他往草上洒水／在结冰的小路上撒沙．2［T1（with）］ to scatterliquid, small bits, etc on or among something 在···上洒（液体）或撒（细屑）：Sprinkle the path with sand.往小路上撒些沙子.

M60 verbs 动词：throwing things and sending things out 抛弃杂物

[ALSO→D89]

throw away also 又作 throw out ［v adv T1］ to throw （something unwanted） out of a place 扔掉；抛弃（不要的东西）：Let＇s throw out all these old clothes.我们把这些旧衣服全扔掉吧.

eject/r'd3ekt/[T1(from)] fml & tech to throw out with force 逐出；驱逐：The young men were making such a noise in the restaurant that the police came and ejected them.这些年轻人在饭馆里大吵大闹，警察进来把他们赶了出去.ejection[U;C] the act of ejecting; an example of this 驱逐

ejaculate /r'd3ækjuleit/[T1; Iø]1 tech to throw out suddenly and with force from the body （esp the male seed（sperm））（从体内）射出；（尤指）射（精）2 fml to cry out or say suddenly and strongly 突然喊出（或说出）：Mary ejacu-lated loudly as the poisonous insect ran over her foot.当一只毒虫爬过玛丽的脚时，她突然大叫起来.“Stop that！＇he ejaculated.“别那么干了！”他突然喊道.ejaculation ［U；C］ the act or an example of ejaculating（精液等的）射出；突然大叫

emit/r'mit/[T1]fml& tech to send,give,throw, etc out（esp noise，gas，etc）放射；发出（尤指声音、气体等）：The radio was emitting signals.收音机在发出信号.The liquid emitted a terrible smell.这液体散发出恶臭气味.The man emitteda shout of anger.那人发出一声怒吼.emission ［U；C］ the or an act of emitting 发射；发出：the emission of smoke 冒烟

give off [v adv T1] infml to emit usu from the whole surface 发出；放出：The steel sheets were giving off a lot of heat. 钢板散发出大量的热.The liquid gave off a terrible smell.这液体发出恶臭气味.

M61 nouns 名词：extracting and withdrawing 拔出与撤回

[ALSO→M57]

extract/'ekstrækt/ 1 [C;U of] a product ob-tained by extracting 提炼物；蒸馏品；精华；汁：

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M62 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

This is some kind of meat extract，isn＇t it？ 这是一种肉汁，是吧？2［C（from）］ a passage of written or spoken matter that has been ex-tracted 摘录；选录：She read me a few extracts from his letter.她把他的信念了几段给我听.

extraction /ik'strækfən/ 1 [U] the act of ex-tracting 拔出；榨出：The extraction of teeth can be painful．拔牙可能会痛的．2［C］an example of this 拔出；榨出（指事例）：Her teeth were sobad that she needed five extractions.她的牙很不好，要拔掉五颗牙齿.

withdrawal /wið'dro:əl/ 1 [U] the act of with-drawing or state of being withdrawn 撤退；撤回；缩回；退出；收回；提取：The withdrawal of thearmy allowed the enemy into the city.部队一撤退，敌人就进城了．2［C］an example of this 撤退；提取；收回（指事例）：His withdrawals from the bank this month came to £800．他这个月从银行提款达八百英镑.

M62 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：sticking and wedging 钉住与楔入

stick /strk/ [IØ] to remain in the same place; stop moving or working 不动；固定；卡住；停止运行：The door has stuck and I can＇t get out.门卡住了，我出不去.The door＇s sticking and it＇s hard to pull it open.门卡得很紧，很难拉开.［H11］ get stuck infml to become unmovable 塞住（不能移动）；卡住：The piece of wood gotstuck between two stones.木板在两块石头中间卡住了.

lodge /lpd3/1 [L9] to be held or fixed firmly (in a place）被卡住；被固定：The piece of wood was lodged between two stones.木板在两块石头中间卡住了．2［X9］ to put or fix firmly 固定：He lodged the wood between two stones so that it would not move.他把木头插在两块石头之间，使它不能动.

wedge/wed3/1 [C] a piece of wood or metal shaped like a V, used esp to keep two things separate or firmly in position 楔子2 ［T1］to fix firmly with a wedge 楔入；把···楔住；把···楔牢： Wedge the door open／shut.用楔子抵住门，让它开着／关死．3［X9，esp in， into］ to cause to be unable to move from a place 把···挤入；插入： The people sitting close to me wedged me in／into the corner.坐在我身边的人们把我挤到了角落里去.

-pns pue Ánəooj qsnd o1 [6X] | /wæ£p/ wel denly（突然地）用力推；猛力放：She jammed thetop of the box down on my finger.她猛然把箱子盖放下来，正好夹住我的手指．2［IØ（up）］a（ofparts of machines） to get stuck（指机器部件）卡住不动b （of machines） to become unable to work because moving parts have got stuck（指机器）发生故障无法运转：Use the stairs while thelift is jammed．电梯发生故障，请使用楼梯．3［T1］to crowd with people, cars, etc so that move-ment is difficult or impossible 拥塞；堵塞：The crowds jammed the streets and no cars could pass．人群堵塞了街道，汽车无法通行．4［X9；L9］

to (cause to) be packed, pushed, or crushed tightly into a small space 把···塞进；挤进：I can＇t jam another thing into this bag.我无法再往袋子里多塞一件东西了.Fifty boys were jammedinto a very small classroom.五十个男孩挤在一间很小的教室里.The two pieces of wood always jam together unless I hold them apart.如果我不把这两块木板分开，它们总是挤在一起.The buswas so full that I was jammed in and couldn't move.公共汽车塞得满满的，我挤了进去就不能动弹了．5 ［T1］ to block radio messages by using noise 干扰（无线电通讯）：They tried to jam all enemy radio stations.他们试图干扰敌人所有的电台．6［C］a tight mass of anything 任何密集的事物：There was a great jam of people in the street.街上拥挤着一大群人.The traffic jams inLondon are famous.伦敦的交通堵塞情况是很出名的.

ram /ræm/ 1 [X9, esp down] to force into place with heavy pressure（用力）塞进；压实；夯紧：He rammed down the soil round the newly planted bush with his boots.他用靴子把新栽灌木周围的土踩实.She rammed some clothes into a small bag．她往小袋子里塞了几件衣服，2［T1］to run into （something） very hard 猛击；猛撞： His car rammed mine.他的车撞了我的车.

M63 verbs 动词：closing， shutting， and sealing 关闭与封闭

[ALSO →D24, H133,L173]

close /kləuz/[T1; IØ] (of doors, etc) to make or become so that no person or thing can pass through 关闭（门等）：Close the window.关上窗户.The window closed suddenly because of the strong wind. 窗户被大风吹得突然关上了.This door is hard to close (= doesn't close easily）：这扇门很难关上.closure ［C；U］（an example of） the act of closing 关闭：There have been two factory closures in the past week.一周来已有两家工厂关闭.If we lose anymore money we won't be able to avoid the firm＇s closure.如果我们亏损下去，就无法阻止公司倒闭.

shut／ft／［T1；Iø］ not fml to close 关上；闭上： Shut the door！关上门！The door shut quitly behind him.门在他身后轻轻地关上了.

seal /si:l/ [T1 (up)] often fml to close completely 封闭；密封：The entrance to the cave has been sealed; nothing can get in or out.山洞的入口已经被封闭；任何东西都不能进出.They sealed up the entrance with great rocks. 他们用大石头把入口封死.

clog /klog/ [T1;IØ: (up)] to (cause to) become blocked 塞满；填满；堵塞；（使）阻塞：Don＇t clogyour memory (up) with useless information. 不要让无用的知识堵塞你的记忆.The riverfrequently clogs (up) with ships in the busy season so that the traffic can only move with difficulty.在繁忙季节，河道经常被船只堵塞，造成水上交通不顺畅.

dam/dæm/[T1 (up)] to keep (water,etc) back

894

by means of a dam 筑坝拦（水等）；用堤坝拦阻：They dammed the river.他们筑坝拦河.（fig）He dammed up ［→L100］ his feelings．他抑制住自已的感情.

M64 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：fastening and locking 固定与锁住

[ALSO →D152, H38,N326]

fasten /'fa:sən/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) become tight or fixed in place（使）固定；系牢；扣紧；闩住；钉牢：She fastened the buttons of her coat. 她把外套的钮扣扣上.These buttons don＇t fastenproperly.这些钮扣扣不紧.Fasten the gate firmly，please.请把大门拴紧.fastening ［C usu pl] something that fastens things together or one thing to another 扣件；系牢物；扣拴物（如锁、闩、扣、钉、钩、钮等）：The fastenings of the window are loose. 这窗户的扣松了.fastener [C] something that is made so as to fasten two things or parts of the same thing, esp in cloth-ing，esp by being moved in some way 系结物； 扣件（尤指衣服上的）：She had a zip fastener［→D152］on her dress．她的衣服上有一条拉链．

fix/fiks/ [T1] to make tight; fasten firmly or correctly in place 使固定；使牢固；缚紧；钉牢；安装：He fixed the piece of wood to the wall.他把那块木板钉在墙上.It is difficult to fix thesepins in position； the cloth keeps moving.很难把这些大头针在适当的位置上钉好，因为这布总在动.

tie /tar/ [T1; IØ: (up)] to fasten (with a rope, thread，wire，etc）（用绳、线、铁丝等）系；拴牢； 结；缚；绑；捆；扎；束紧：He tied the parcel with string.他用绳子把包裹捆扎起来.Tie （up） yourshoes／your shoelaces［→D157］！把你的鞋／你的鞋带系紧！The knot wasn＇t properly tied.这个结没有完全系牢.My dress ties at the back.我的连衣裙是在背后系带子的.

hitch/hitf/ [X9] to fasten by hooking a rope or metal part over anotherobject（用环、钩、结等）钩住；拴住；套住：He hitched the horse＇s rope over the pole.他把马的缰绳拴在柱子上.Hehitched the horse to the pole.他把马拴在柱子上.They hitched the wagons together.他们把那些铁路货车挂在一起.Another railway carriage has been hitched on.又挂上了一节火车车厢.

pin／pmn／1［X9］ to fasten or join with a pin（用别针等）别住：Pin these pieces of cloth together. 用别针把这几块布别在一起.She pinned it to theinside of his pocket.她用别针把它别在他衣袋的里面．2［T1］to keep in one position 钉住；扣牢； 使固定：The spear went through its body and pinned it to the ground.长矛刺穿了它的身体，把它钉在地上.In the accident he was pinned under the car.他在事故中被压在汽车底下.

bar /ba:/ [T1 often pass] 1 to close (a door etc) with a bar 闩上（门等）：He barred the door.他把门闩上了．2 to make （a door，window，etc） safe by putting metal bars across it 用铁栅拦住（门、窗等）：The windows are all barred； we can＇t get out.这些窗户都拦上了铁栅；我们出不去

M64 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

了．3 to stop （someone or something） going in a certain direction； block 阻挡；拦住：He stood in the door and barred my way.他站在门口，拦住我的去路.Nothing will bar him；he intends to become president some day.什么也挡不住他； 他想有朝一日当上总统.He has been barredfrom （taking part in） the meeting.他受到阻拦， 不得参加这个会议.Barring accidents（＝if there are no accidents), we'll be there by ten o＇clock.若不发生意外，我们将在十点前到达那里.

bolt/bəult/ [T1 often pass] to close (a door, etc) with a bolt 闩（门）；拴住：He came in and bolted the door behind him.他走进来，随手把身后的门闩上.

block /blpk/ [T1] 1 [esp pass; (up)] to make movement impossible on， through，etc阻塞；拦阻；堵住：You can＇t go； all the roads are blocked by／with snow.你走不了；所有的路都被雪堵住了.They blocked（up） the entrance to the cave with stones．他们用石头把洞口堵住了．2（fig） to make impossible to happen 使不能发生；阻挠：They blocked the new law.他们阻挠新法律的实施.blockage also 又作 block ［C］something which stops things from moving 阻塞物；障碍：The blockage in the pipe stopped the water getting through.水管里的阻塞物使水流不过去.

rope/rəup/ [T1]1 to tie up with a rope [→H46] （用绳子）捆；绑；缚；扎；用绳系住：He roped thetwo animals tightly together.他用绳子把两只动物紧紧地捆在一起．2 to catch with a rope 用绳索套捉：He roped the running animal round the neck.他用套绳套住正在奔跑的动物的脖子.ropeoff ［v adv T1］ to mark off with a rope 用绳索圈起（或隔开）：The place where the horses must go has been roped off.马群要去的地方都用绳子圈起来了.

knot/npt/1 [C] a fastening of rope, thread, etc, made by twisting parts together, usu tightly （绳、线等的）结：He tied the pieces of string together with a tight knot.他系了个死结把那些绳子绑在一起.He made a knot in the rope.他在绳子上打了个结.He tied the string in a knot，and I couldn＇t undo it.他把绳子打成个结；我解不开．2［T1；IØ］ to tie in a knot or knots 给···打结；用结捆扎：He knotted the rope.他给绳子打上结.He knotted the ropes together.他把这些绳子系在一起.This rope doesn＇t knot as well as that one.这根绳子不像那根那样易打结.

lock/lpk/ 1 [T1; IØ: (up)] a to close (a door, place,etc) by turning a key in a lock[→H133], etc 锁；锁上：He locked the door.他把门锁上.He locked（the house） up for the night.他锁门过夜.b（of a door， etc） to close and be fas-tened by a lock（门等）锁上：I heard the door lock behind me.我进了房间之后，听见在我身后的门有锁上的声音．2［X9，esp in，out］ to keepin or out of a place by locking a door etc 把··· 锁在里面或外面：He locked us out by mistake.他错把我们锁在外面了.Help，I＇m locked in！来人啊！我被锁在里面了！She locked her jewels inthe cupboard.她把珠宝锁在柜子里了.

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M65 PUTTING ＆ TAKING 放与拿

M65 verbs 动词： opening and unlocking 打开与开锁

[ALSO →N273]

open /'əupən/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) become so that a person or thing can pass through or out 打开；开启；张开：Open the window and let some air in／into the room.把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来／进屋子里来.He opened the door.他开了门.She opened her mouth to say something， but decided not to.她张开嘴想说些什么，但又决定不说了.This door doesn＇t open and shut properly.这门开和关都不灵.Open a tin of soup； I＇m hungry.开一罐汤罐头吧，我饿了.

loosen /'lu:sən/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) become loose，free，not fastened，etc 使松；解开；松开： He loosened the neck of his shirt.他解开衬衫的领子.They loosened the ropes round the animals.他们把捆在动物身上的绳子解开.Loosenthe rope a bit！把绳子松开一点.

unfasten /An'fa:sən/ [T1] to cause (clothes, gates， etc） to become loosened， opened，etc解开；打开；松开：She unfastened her dress.她解开她的衣服.Can you unfasten these knots？你能把这些结解开吗？

undo /An'du:/ [T1] infml to loosen or unfasten 解开；打开；松开：He undid the knots in the string.他解开了绳上的结.Can you undo mydress at the back for me？你能替我解开衣服后面的钮子吗？

untie／An＇tai／［T1］ to cause not to be tied 解开； 松开：Untie the prisoners；let them go free！给犯人松绑，让他们自由吧！He untied the ropes.他把绳子解开了.

unlock/An'lpk/ [T1] to cause not to be locked 开···的锁；开启：He unlocked the door but did not open it.他开了门上的锁，但没有打开门.IfIhad a key， I could unlock this box.假如我有钥匙，我就能打开这只箱子.（fig）How can weunlock all the secrets of nature？我们怎样能揭示大自然的全部奥秘呢？

M66 adjectives ＆ adverbs 形容词和副词：open and not open 开着的与不开的

open/'əupən/1 [B] (of doors, etc) allowing a person or thing to pass through（指门等）开（着）的：The gate was open.大门是开着的.They got in through an open window.他们通过一扇开着的窗户钻了进去．2［B］（of doors，boxes，etc） not having the door, top, etc closed or covered 敞开的；无门（盖）的：The box wasopen.箱子是开着的.They drove in an open car．他们驾驶一辆敞篷汽车．3［B］（of books）spread out（指书）打开的；翻开的：The book was open at page 35．这书翻在三十五页上．（fig）Hislife is an open book （＝ he has no secrets）.他的生活是公开的．4［B］（fig） not yet decided， agreed，filled，etc 悬而未决的；空缺的：This is an open question at the moment.目前这是一个悬而未决的问题.The job is still open if youwant it．假如你愿意干的话，这个职位还空缺着．5

[A; (F)] (fig) willing to think about new ideas 开放的；开通的：He has an open mind in thismatter．在这件事上他的思想很开放．6［Wa5；A］being outside houses，towns，etc 空旷的；户外的；郊外的：He likes being out in the open air／the open countryside.他喜欢在户外／空旷的郊外活动.The land was open and beautiful.这地方开阔而美丽．7［adv］ in an open position 开；处于开的状态：He pushed the door open.他们把门推开.The door stood（wide）open.门（大）开着. closed／kləuzd／often fml 1［B］not open 关闭的； 未开的：The door was closed. 门关着.They talked about the matter behind closed doors （＝where no one could hear them）.他们关起门来谈论这件事.Is the window open or closed？ 窗户是开着还是关着？2［F；（A）］（fig）finished结束的；完结的：The matter is closed； I don＇t want to talk about it any more.事情已经结束了；我不想再谈了.

shut／■t／［F；（A）；adv］ not fml closed 关闭的（地）：The door was shut.门关着.He pushed the door shut.他把门推上.

M67 nouns 名词：openings［C］孔、洞

[ALSO→L106]

opening /'əupəni/ 1 a space, esp in something which one expects to be solid，closed，etc 穴； 孔；洞；空隙；缺口：He found an opening in the wall and climbed through（it）.他在墙上发现了一个洞，就从这洞里爬了出去．2（fig）a goodchance 好机会；良机：This new job is an open-ing for him，if he takes it.这项新工作对他是一次好机会，如果他愿意接受的话．3 beginning开始；开端：At the opening of the meeting they were all very friendly， but not later.会议开始时他们都很友好，但后来就变了.

aperture /'æpətfə/ fml 1 a hole, crack, or other narrow opening 孔；洞；缝隙：Light came in through an aperture in the wall.灯光从墙缝照进来．2 tech the opening in a camera， tele-scope，etc that admits light（照相机、望远镜等的）镜径光孔；孔径；光圈

gap /gæp/ an opening, esp a space which should be filled or closed 裂缝；缺口；空白： Light came in through a gap between the cur-tains.灯光从窗帘的缝隙中照进来.He has a gapbetween his two front teeth.他的两颗门牙之间有一条缝.There are many gaps in our knowl-edge about how life began.关于生命的起源我们的知识中还有很多空白.The travellers passedthrough a gap in the mountains.旅行者穿过山峡.

Travel and visiting

旅行与参观

M70 verbs 动词：visiting 参观访问

visit/'vizit/ 1 [T1; IØ] to (go and) spend some

896

time in (a place or, as a guest, someone's house）去（某家）作客；去（某地）逗留一段时间：While we're in Europe we ought to visit Belgium.我们在欧洲期间，应当去一去比利时.Aunt Jane usually visits us for two or three weeks in the spring.珍妮姑妈通常都在春天来我们家住两、三个星期.Do you live in this town？-No，we＇re only visiting. 你们住在这个城市吗？-不，我们只是短期逗留．2［T1；IØ］ to go tosee (someone) or look at (a building or other place） for a short time 访问；拜访；探望；游览；参观：This afternoon we＇re going to visit a friend in hospital.今天下午我们要去医院看望一个朋友.When we were in London we visited the Tower twice.我们在伦敦时，曾两度参观了伦敦塔.3［L9］ AmE to stay 停留：Anyone who＇s visiting in Edinburgh ought to go and see the castle．到爱丁堡的人都应当去看看那座城堡．4[T1] to go to (a place) in order to make an official examination 视察；巡视：Schools have to be visited from time to time by education officers．学校要时常接受教育官员的视察．5［T1usu pass］ lit a to attack （a place）（灾害、疾病等）侵袭（某地）：20 years ago this area was visitedby a terrible disease.二十年前这个地区受到一种可怕疾病的侵袭.b to come into the mindof（someone）在（某人）脑海中出现：Last night I was visited by a strange dream.昨天我做了一个奇怪的梦.

call/ko:l/1[IØ(in)] to visit someone or a place, esp for a short time（尤指短时间）拜访；造访；访问：The doctor called while you were out.你不在家时，医生来过.I＇ll call in and see you soon.我不久就会来看你.He called in on them.他拜访了他们.He called in at their house on the way home．他回家时顺路到他们府上拜访．2［T1；Iø］totelephone 打电话给：I＇ll call you when I get home.我到家时，就给你打电话.

call on [v prep T1] to visit, esp for a short time or for business purposes（尤指短时间或为公务）访问；拜访：I＇ll call on you tomorrow.明天我去拜访你.Call on me any time you are in town. 你任何时候来此地，都可以来看看我.

call back ［v adv］1［IØ］ to pay another visit 再次到访：The salesman will call back later.推销员迟些还会再来的．2［T1；IØ］ to return a tele-phone call（to）（给···）回电话：I＇ll call（you） back.我会（给你）回电话的.

drop in also 又作 pop in， look in ［v adv IØ（on） no pass] infml to visit (someone) without warning， informally 顺便探访（某人）：He dropped in.（on us）last night.昨天晚上他顺便来探望（我们）.Look in any time you＇re passing. 你什么时候路过，就来坐坐吧.Pop in wheneveryou can.有空随时来.

drop by [v adv IØ] infml to visit someone infor-mally 顺便访问：He often drops by when he is in this part of the world.他来这一地区时，常常都会顺道来探访.

go/come and see [T1 usu imper] not fml to go／come to visit 去（来）看望：Go and see him when you are there.你到那里时，就去看看他.Come and see me soon.盼早日来访.

look up ［v adv T1］ infml to visit 拜访；看望：

M72 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

Look us up when you are in town; we'll be glad to see you.你进城时请来找我们；我们将会很高兴见到你.

frequent/frr'kwent/[T1] fml, pomp & humor to go very often to; to visit frequently [→L146] 常到；常去；时常出入于：He frequents that placea lot.他经常去那个地方.

M71 verbs 动词：inviting and

summoning people 邀请与召唤

[ALSO→G117]

invite/In'vait/1 [T1 (to)] to ask (somebody) to a social occasion 邀请；招待：We invited all our relatives.我们邀请了所有的亲戚.Why don＇t youinvite me in （to the house）？你为什么不请我进去（进家里去）？I＇ve been invited out（＝to a home or place outside one's own home)/to dinner．有人邀请我外出／吃晚饭．2［T1］to ask for，esp politely（尤指客气地）请求；征求：Questions were invited after the meeting．会后欢迎提问．3 [T1; V3] to encourage or seem to cause (an action）鼓励；引起；招致：Some shops invite theft by making it easy to take goods.有些商店拿取商品极方便，容易引起失窃.

send for [v prep T1] to have someone go to tell another to come 派人去请（叫）：Send for John Smith； I want to talk to him.请叫约翰·史密斯来；我想跟他谈谈.I was sent for and had to go.有人请我去，不能不去.

summon／＇samən／ ［T1］ fml to order to come 召唤；传召：The king summoned his guards.国王传召他的卫士们.He hasn＇t invited you；he has summoned you！他没有邀请你；他是召唤你！

M72 verbs 动词：Meeting people and things 遇见人与事

meet/mi:t/1[T1; IØ] to come together (with), by chance or arrangement 遇见；碰见；相逢；会见：We met in the street.我们在街上相遇.I mether for dinner．我和她一起吃晚饭．2［T1］to find or experience 遇到；遭遇：We met many diffi-culties in the work.在工作中我们遇到许多困难.3 ［IØ］ to come together or close 相撞；逼近： The cars nearly met head-on (= one front against the other） at the dangerous corner.这两辆汽车在危险的拐角处几乎迎头相撞．4［T1；IØ］to get to know or to be introduced (to) for the first time（初次）结识；引见：We met some interesting people at Ann＇s party.在安的聚会上我们认识了一些有趣的人．5［IØ］ to join andfasten 接合；系住：His trousers won＇t meet round his middle．他的裤腰扣不上．6［IØ］to gather together 集合；聚会：The whole school met to hear the speech．全校集合听演讲．7［T1； IØ］ to touch （as if） naturally 接触；触到：His lips met hers／Their lips met in a kiss.他们的嘴唇接触了．／在亲吻中他把嘴唇贴到她的唇上．8［T1（with）］ to answer， esp in opposition 回应（尤指

897

M73 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

business visits to America every year.每年他都

去美国出差几次.During our visit to London we

often went to the theatre.在伦敦逗留期间，我们

常去看戏.We＇ve just had a visit from the

police （＝ the police have just visited us）. 警察

刚来过我们这儿.go on a visit （to someone or.

something) to visit (someone or something),

esp for a long stay 访问；游览；去···作客（尤指长

时间的逗留）：In the summer we＇re going on a

visit to relations in Scotland.夏天我们准备去苏

格兰的亲戚那儿作客.pay a visit （to someone

or something)/pay (someone or something)

a visit to visit (someone or something) usu

for a short time and for a purpose（短时间或为

某种目的而）拜访；访问；参观：I＇ve had some

pain recently； I must pay my doctor a visit.近

来我感到有些疼痛；我得去找我的医生看看.

call/ko:l/[C] 1 a visit, esp if short or for busi-

ness purposes（短暂的或事务性的）造访；访问：

The doctor＇s call lasted 10 minutes．医生来访用

了十分钟.How many calls have you made

today and at what shops？今天你去了几家商店，

都是些什么商店？2 also 又作（tele）phone call

an attempt to talk to someone on the tele-

phone 电话：Were there any （phone） calls

while I was out？我不在时有人来过电话吗？

invitation / Invə'terfən/ 1 [(by) U] the act of

inviting 邀请：The party is by invitation only.

这个聚会要受到邀请才可参加．2［C］an example

of this; a card, letter, etc which serves to invite

people 邀请；邀请书；请帖；请柬：Have you sent

out the invitations yet？你把请帖都发出去了吗？

I've had an invitation to a weddingla wedding

invitation.我接到一个结婚请柬.

summons /'sAmənz/[C] fml an order to come/

go 传召；召唤：He received a summons from

the king.他接到国王的传召.She received several

summonses but did not go.她接到数次传召，但

是没有去.

meeting/'mi:tig/1 [C] the coming together of

two or more people by chance or arrange-

ment 偶然的相遇；约会；聚会；会见：The meeting

of the two men happened by chance.这两个人

是偶然相遇.Our meeting in Tokyo was later

than I expected.我们在东京的聚会比我预期的要

晚．2 ［C］a gathering of people， esp for a pur-

pose 集会；会议3［（the）GC］ the people in

such a gathering 与会的人们；会众：Is this the

opinion of the meeting？这是全体与会者的意见

吗？

assembly/ə'sembli/ [GC] esp fml a usu large

meeting of people for a special purpose（有明

确目的的大型）集会；会议；大会；议会：He spoke

to the assembly/the General Assembly of the

Church of Scotland.他向会议／苏格兰教会全体

大会发表演说.

encounter /m'kauntə/ [C] sometimes fml a

sudden meeting (usu either unexpected or

dangerous）（通常是意外的或危险的）突然遭遇；邂

逅：Did I ever tell you about my encounter

with a lion？我曾对你讲过我遇上一头狮子的事情

吗？

visit /'vizit/ [C (to, from)] an act or time of rendezvous /'rondəvu:/ [C] 1 an arrangement

visiting 访问；游览；出差；逗留：He makes several to meet at a certain time and place 约会：Let＇s

反对）；遭到；对付：His speech was met with angry cries．他的讲话激起了愤怒的喊叫声．9［T1］to be there at the arrival of 迎接：He met her off the train.他接她下火车.There is more in (something) than meets the eye it is not as. simple as it looks（某事）并不像看上去那么简单.

encounter /in'kauntə/ [T1] fml 1 to meet or be faced by (something bad, esp a danger or a difficulty）遭遇；遇到（尤指危险、困难等）：Heencountered many difficulties.他遇到了许多困难.Tomorrow we will encounter the enemy.明天我们将与敌人交锋．2 to meet unexpectedly 不期而遇；邂逅：He encountered a friend on the road.他在路上碰到一位朋友.

meet with [v prep T1] to meet or encounter something，usu bad 遭遇；遇到（通常指坏事）：Hemet with an accident on the way home.他在回家的路上遇到了意外.

come across [v prep T1 no pass] not fml to meet or discover，esp by chance 偶然遇到；偶然发现：I came across an old friend in the park. 我在公园里碰到一位老朋友.I＇ve just comeacross a beautiful poem in this book.我在这本书里偶然发现了一首优美的诗.

bump into [v prep T1 no pass] infml to meet by chance 偶然碰见：I bumped into an old friend in town yesterday.昨天我在城里偶然碰到一位老朋友.

chance （up）on also 又作 happen （up）on， come (up)on [v prep T1]esp lit & poet to meet，esp by chance 偶然遇见；与···不期而遇

meet up with [v adv prep T1 no pass] to meet, esp in travelling or over a longer period （尤指在旅行中或较长时间里）遇见：On my trip toLondon I met up with some interesting people. 我在去伦敦的旅途中遇到一些有趣的人.

pick up [v adv T1] infml to become friendly with （someone） after a short meeting 很快结识；勾搭上：You may be able to pick up a girl at the dance.在舞会上你可能很快会勾搭上／结识一个女孩子.pick-up ［C］ deprec a person， esp a girl，picked up in this way 被勾搭上的人（尤指女孩子）

rendezvous/'rondəvu:/ [IØ]tech (esp of mili-tary movements） to meet by arrangement 约会；会面；（尤指军事行动）会合：The two groupsof men rendezvoused successfully.这两队士兵顺利地会合了.

interview /'mntəvju:/ [T1] to meet (someone) and ask questions 与···面谈；面试；访问：Have you interviewed anyone for the job yet？你约人面谈过这份工作了吗？I was interviewed for ajob last week.上星期我为申请一个职位而去面试.He went to London to be interviewed.他去伦敦接受面试了.The politician was.interviewed on television.这位政治家接受电视访问.

M73 nouns 名词：visiting and inviting 访

问与邀请

898

make a rendezvous; where and when can we meet？我们约好吧；我们在何时何地见面？2 theplace （and time） chosen or meeting 约会地点（及时间）：He was late for his rendezvous with Joan under the station clock.他和琼约定在车站钟楼下见面，但他迟到了.Under the station clockwill be a suitable rendezvous.车站钟楼下是适合的约会地点．3 a popular place for people to meet 人们常聚会的地方：This club is rendez-vous for writers.这个俱乐部是作家常碰头的地方.

appointment /ə'pointmənt/ 1 [by U] the agree-ment of a time and place for meeting 约定：He will only see you by appointment.只有事先约定，他才会见你.The meeting was by appoint-ment only．一定要先预约，才能见他．2［C］ameeting at an agreed time and place 约会：I have several appointments today.今天我有几个约会.She had an appointment with her／the doctor.她与她／医生有约.

interview /'intəvju:/[C] 1 a meeting where a person is asked questions by another or others, esp to decide whether he can take up a job or enter a university，etc 面谈；面试2a such a meeting between an important person and another or others who want to know about his actions, points of view, etc, some-times broadcast on radio or television 接见；会见；（广播电台或电视）采访 b an article writtenabout this 访问记

date/deit/ [C] infml an arrangement to meet someone,esp such an arrangement between a young man and woman（尤指青年男女间的）约会：He has a date tonight.今晚他有一个约会.Ihave a date with him tomorrow.我跟他明天有个约会.

session/'sefən/ [C] a meeting, esp of a court of law,government, committee, etc, esp when people sit together formally and talk, decide about things，etc（尤指法庭、政府、委员会等正式的）会议；（法庭的）开庭：The morning session ends at 12 o＇clock．上午的会议于十二点钟结束．

sitting／＇sitir／［C］ 1 less common a session（一次）会议；（法庭的）开庭：When does the sitting end？这次会议何时结束？2 a time when aperson can sit to eat， work，etc坐着（就餐或工作等）的时间：The meal will be served at two separate sittings.这一顿饭将分两次供应.Shefinished all her work at one sitting.她坐下一口气就把全部工作完成了.How many sittings areneeded before the painting is finished？需要坐多少次才能画完这幅画？

M74 verbs 动词：travelling 旅行

travel/'trævəl/[Wv3]1 [IØ] to go from place to place, esp to a distant place; make a journey 旅行（尤指长途旅行）：He travelled round theworld for a year.他环游世界一年.Do you liketravelling by plane？你喜欢乘飞机旅行吗？He＇s too ill to travel.他病得很重，不宜旅行.（fig）His mind travelled over the events that had destroyed his country.他回顾了那些使他的国家遭到毁灭的事件.We travelled a thousand miles

M74 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

on our first day．我们第一天的旅程为一千英里．2[L9] to go from place to place in order to sell and take orders for one＇s firm＇s goods 到外地推销商品或接订单：My husband travels for aLondon firm.我丈夫为伦敦一家公司到外地推销商品．3［L9］to pass， go， move， etc， as light， sound，etc（指光、声音等）行进；传播：Concorde travels faster than sound.协和式飞机的飞行速度超过音速.At what speed does light travel？光传播的速度有多快？（fig）The news travelled fast．这消息很快传开了．4 ［T1］ to go through orover 游遍；走遍：The theatre groups travelled Europe from London to Athens.这几个剧团从伦敦到雅典走遍了欧洲．5［IØ］ sl to go veryquickly 快速前进；飞驰：We were really travel-ling when the police caught us.警察抓到我们时， 我们真是在飞驰.

wander/'wondə/ 1 [IØ (about); T1] to move about (an area) without a fixed course, aim or purpose 漫游；漫步；徘徊； 闲逛：We love wander-ing（about）（the hills）.我们喜欢（在山里）漫游. 2 [IØ](esp of rivers, roads, etc) to follow a winding course（尤指河流、道路等）蜿蜒地伸延；曲折地流：The river wanders through some very beautiful countryside.这条河蜿蜒地流经一些十分美丽的乡村．3［IØ（off）］（fig）to move away （from the main idea）离开（正题）：Don＇t wander off the point！ 请不要离题！4［IØ］（of people or thoughts) to be or become confused and unable to follow an ordinary conversation （指人或思想）混乱；心不在焉；（神志）恍惚：I＇mafraid her mind is wandering a bit; she's very old.恐怕她的脑子有点乱了，她的年纪已经很大了.

roam /rəom/ [IØ (through, around);T1](of people) to wander with no very clear aim （through， around， etc） 漫步；闲荡；漫游：The lovers roamed around/across/through/over the fields in search of wild berries.这对情侣绕着／ 穿过田野漫步，寻找野草莓.He spent his life inroaming. 他游游荡荡度过一生.to roam theworld to roam from place to place 漫游世界；流转四方

tour/tuə/[Wv4; L9, esp round; T1] to travel all over（a place） 游历；旅游；周游；漫游：We＇re touring (round) Italy for our holidays this year.今年我们度假要去意大利旅游.They wenton a touring holiday of Spain.他们去了西班牙旅游度假.

rove /rəuv/ [Wv4; IØ; T1] esp poet to wander; move continually（around）流浪；漫游；飘泊；不停地转动：He roved the seas in search of adventure.他周游四海寻找奇遇.He has comehome after years of roving.他在外流浪多年后返回家园.His eyes roved about the room.他的眼睛不停地在屋里来回扫视.A roving band ofrobbers attacked them.一伙流窜的强盗袭击了他们.

journey/'d33:ni/ [L9] esp poet to travel; to go on a journey or journeys 旅行；游历：She has journeyed all over the world.她游历过全世界. They journey from place to place. 他们到处旅行.

migrate/'maigreit/[IØ(from, to)] 1 to move from one place to another; change one's place

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M75 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

of living esp for a limited period（尤指有限期的）迁移；移居：Wealthy people often migrate in winter to warmer sunnier countries.富人往往在冬天移居到阳光比较充足、天气比较温暖的国家.2 (of birds and fish) to travel regularly from one part of the world to another, according to the seasons of the year（候鸟）定期移栖；（鱼）洄游

emigrate/'eməgreit/ [IØ(from, to)] to leave one's own country in order to go and live in another 移居国外；移民（外地）：If he can＇t earnhis living here，he＇ll have to emigrate.如果他无法在此谋生，就得移居国外.He emigrated fromEngland to Australia.他从英国移民到澳大利亚.

immigrate /'Iməgreit/ [IØ] rare to come into a country to make one＇s life and home there（从外国）移居入境；移入（某国）定居：He immi-grated at the age of twenty and he's never left England since.他二十岁时移民来英国，从此就再也没有离开过.

commute/kə'mju:t/ [IØ (between; from, to)] to travel regularly a long distance between one's home and work（esp by train）经常远距离往来上下班（尤指乘火车）：She commutes fromCambridge to London every day.她每天从剑桥到伦敦上班.Do you commute or do you live near your work？你是天天乘车上班还是住在工作地点附近？He commutes between Cambridge and London.他经常坐火车往返于剑桥和伦敦之间.

be bound for [T1] to be going to;be about to go to 准备（或正在）到···去；即将开往：The shipwas bound for Singapore.这船是开往新加坡的.Where are you bound for now？你现在准备到哪儿去？homeward bound going home 开回本国的；回航的 outward bound（esp of ships）going away from home，esp in Britain（尤指船只）开往国外的；外航的

M75 nouns 名词：travelling 旅行

travel／træval／［U］ the act of travelling 旅行： Travel through tropical forests is dangerous and slow.在热带森林中旅行既危险又缓慢.

travels /'trævəlz/ [P] esp infml & poet acts of travelling 旅行；游历：Has he been on his travels again； where to this time？他又去旅行了？这次去什么地方呢？＇Travels with a Donkey＇（Robert Louis Stevenson）《骑驴游记》（罗伯特· 路易斯·斯蒂文森）

voyage /'vor-Id3/ [C] a long journey esp by water（尤指水路的）长途旅行；航海：Their voyagetook them to many places.他们航海到过许多地方.She went on a long sea voyage.她出海远航了.

wanderings /'wondərijz/ [P] esp infml & poet movement from place to place or away from the proper or usual course or place, usu with-out any special purpose 漫游；流浪；飘泊：You must have seen a lot of strange things in your wanderings.你在漫游中一定见识过许多稀奇的事物.

tour /tuə/1 [C (round)] a journey during which

several places of interest are visited 旅行；周游； 游历：They went on a tour round Europe.他们参加了漫游欧洲的旅行．2［C（of，round）］a brieftrip to or through a place in order to see it 短程的游览；观光；参观：He took us on a tour ofthe town.他带我们去那个城镇观光.We went ona guided tour round the castle.我们在向导带领下去参观城堡．3［C9 esp in］ a period of duty ata single place or job， esp abroad（尤指在国外） 公干期间；任职期：He did a five-year tour inGermany．他曾在德国公干五年．4［C；on U］ajourney from place to place, as made by a company of actors in order to perform, by an important person to make official visits,by a sports team，etc 巡视；出访；巡回演出；巡回比赛：The National Youth Theatre is on tour in the North at present.国家青年剧院目前正在北方巡回演出.The Queen is making a tour of Canada next year.女王明年将巡视加拿大.The Englandcricketers＇tour of India has just begun.英格兰板球队在印度的巡回比赛刚刚开始.

tourism/'tuərizəm/ [U] 1 the practice of travel-ling for pleasure， esp on one＇s holidays 旅游； 观光 2 the business of providing holidays， tours， hotels， etc for tourists 旅游业：Tourism is Spain＇s biggest industry.旅游业是西班牙最大的行业.

migration /mar'grerfən/ 1 [U] the act of mi-grating 迁移；移栖；洄游：Scientists have studied the migration of fish from one part of the ocean to another.科学家研究了鱼群从海洋的一处迁移到另外一处的洄游现象．2［C］a movementof many people, birds, etc in body from one part of the world to another 移居；迁移：Wars always cause great migrations of people who have been taken prisoner or taken away to work.战争总是造成人们的大迁徙：他们或沦为俘虏或被带走去作劳工.

emigration /emə'grerfən/ [C; U] the act of em-igrating 移居（国外）；移民出境：They spent three months preparing for their emigration.他们花了三个月时间为移居国外作准备.

immigration /ımə'greıfən/ [U] the act of im-migrating（从国外）移居；移民入境：The immi-gration officer spoke to them.移民官员跟他们谈了话.

itinerary /ar'tinərəri/ [C] esp fml a plan of a journey including places (to be) seen and visited 行程表；旅行计划（路线）：What places arenext on your itinerary？你们旅行计划下一步要去的是哪些地方？

expedition /ekspr'drfən/ [C] (the people, vehicles, etc, going on) a (long) journey for a certain purpose（有一定目的的）远征（队）；考察（队）；探险（队）：He took part in a small ex-pedition to photograph wild animals in Africa.他参加了一个小型探险队去非洲拍摄野生动物.They live in northern Scotland， so going to London is quite an expedition for them. 他们住在苏格兰北部，因此对他们来说去伦敦实在是一次远征.

journey /'d33:ni/ [C] a trip of some distance, usu by land 旅行；路程（通常指陆上的）：It＇s（a）three day journey on horsebackla long train

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