F196 HONESTY ＆ DECEIT 诚实与欺骗

的；表示特别了解的；表示暗中知道的：She gavehim a confidential look. 她向他投以信任的目光. -ly ［adv］： Confidentially， I don＇t like him. 这话我只跟你说，我不喜欢他.

F196 adjectives 形容词：innocent and trusting［B］天真的与信任他人的

innocent /'məsənt/ knowing little about life; having little or no experience; easily deceived 天真的；单纯的；容易受骗的：She is a very inno-cent kind of person.她是那种非常单纯的人.-ly[adv]-cence[U]

naive, naïve /nar'i:v/1 having or showing no experience (as of social rules or behaviour), esp because one is young（尤指因年轻而）缺乏经验的；幼稚的；无知的：The young boy waslaughed at for his naive remarks.小男孩因说了幼稚的话而受到嘲笑．2 believing what anyonesays or what is most favourable 天真的；单纯轻信的：It＇s natve （of you） to believe he＇ll do what he says.你相信他会照他自己所说的去做，真是太天真了．3 tech having almost no knowl-edge or experience of a particular subject 对（某学科）毫无知识或经验的：We need naivepeople (= who have not studied the subject before） to take this test.我们需要没有学过这个学科的人来进行这次试验.-ly［adv］naivety［U］

artless /'a:tlis/ not trying to deceive or influ-ence others； simple， almost foolish； natural 朴实的；天真的；自然的；不矫揉造作的：She seemedto be just an artless child， but she wasn＇t.她看上去是个天真朴实的孩子，但实际上不是.-ly[adv]-ness [U]

trusting：／＇trastig／ emot ready to trust others 信任他人的：She had a trusting look in her eyes. 她的目光里流露出信任的神情.-ly［adv］

trustful／＇trastfəl／ genl ready to trust others 信任他人的：Try to be a bit more trustful.对别人要更信任一些.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

F197 adjectives 形容词：cunning and sneaky［B］狡猾的与鬼鬼祟祟的

cunning/'kann/ often deprec showing or having cleverness in deceiving 狡猾的；奸诈的：He＇s as cunning as a fox.他像狐狸一样狡猾.Fhat＇s acunning idea／trick！那个主意／诡计真奸诈！-ly [adv]

tricky /'triki/ [Wal] not fml always playing tricks ［→F207］， esp to deceive people 狡猾的； 好恶作剧的（尤指欺骗人）：What a tricky girl sheis！她是个多么爱恶作剧的女孩！-ily ［adv］-iness[U]

crafty／＇kra：fti／［Wal］ esp emot very cunning 狡诈的；诡计多端的：Be careful or that crafty old man will take all your money.当心点，不然那个老滑头会把你的钱全弄走的.-ily［adv］-iness［U］sly/slai/[Wal] 1 clever in deceiving; dishonestly

tricky；crafty 狡猾的；狡诈的：That was a sly

trick to play．那是一个狡猾的圈套．2 playfullyamusing 淘气的；顽皮的：He played a sly joke on her.他对她开了一个顽皮的玩笑.on the slysecretly (as of something done dishonestly or unlawfully）偷偷地；秘密地：He＇s been married for years,but he still sees other women on the sly.他已经结婚多年了，但仍偷偷地与别的女人幽会.-ly［adv］-ness ［U］

artful /'a:tfal/ 1 cleverly deceitful; tricky; cunning 狡猾的；欺诈的：He＇s very artful and usually succeeds in getting what he wants.他很狡猾，而且往往能如愿以偿．2 skilfully puttogether；cleverly considered 制作精巧的；设计巧妙的：That artful arrangement of pieces of wood was made to catch mice.那个巧妙地用木·块做的机关是用来捕捉老鼠的.-ly［adv］-ness［U］sneaky/'sni:ki/ [Wal] infml cunning and tricky 鬼鬼祟祟的；狡猾的：She＇s the sneakiest person ·I've ever met; she'd deceive herself if she ·could！她是我所认识的人当中最狡诈的一个；要是可能，她连自己都会欺骗的！-ily［adv］-iness［U］

F198 adjectives 形容词：respectable and decent［B］体面的与正派的

respectable /rI'spektəbal/ not alwàys apprec showing or having character and standards acceptable to society 有身分的；品行端正的；体面的：How dare you talk to a respectable woman like that？你竟然对有身分的女士说那样的话，真是太不像话！It＇s not respectable to be drunk in the street.在街上喝醉酒是不体面的.Put on aclean shirt and （try to） look respectable.穿上一件干净衬衣，（想办法）显得体面些.-bly［advWa3]-bleness [U]

decent/'di:sənt/respectable; good and suitable 体面的；像样的；正派的；过得去的：They aredecent people living decent lives.他们是正派人， 过着体面的生活.Put on a decent shirt and tryto look decent.穿上一件像样的衬衫，叫人看上去像样点.in-［neg］-ly ［adv］-ness ［U］

law-abiding／＇lo： ə＇baıdır／ keeping the law 守法的：She is a respectable， law-abiding person. 她是个规矩守法的人.

F199 adjectives 形容词：loyal and constant 忠诚的与坚贞的

loyal/'lorəl/ true to one's friends, group,country, etc 忠诚的；忠心的：He has always been a loyal friend to me.他一直是我的忠实朋友.She isloyal to her friends.她对朋友忠实.-ly［adv］ dis-[neg]: He has never been disloyal to his friends.他从来没有对朋友不忠诚过.-ly［adv］

faithful／＇ferθfəl／ full of or showing loyalty 忠实的；忠诚的：He is a faithful friend.他是个忠实的朋友.He remained faithful to his friends.他始终对朋友忠心耿耿.

constant／＇konstənt／lit loyal 坚贞的；忠贞不渝的： He was very constant during all our difficul-ties.在我们有困难时他忠诚不渝.

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F200 nouns 名词：honesty，faith，and

allegiance［U］诚实、信任与忠诚

honesty ／＇pnisti／ the quality of being honest 诚实：His honesty is well known； he won＇t deceive you.他的诚实是人所共知的；他不会欺骗你.dis-［neg］

trust/trast/1 firm belief in the honesty, good-ness, dependability,justice, power, etc of someone or something； faith 信任；信赖：I don＇t place any trust in his promises.我丝毫不相信他的诺言.Put all your trust in God.要全心全意信赖上帝.My husband trusts me and I don＇t intend to break that trust.我的丈夫信任我，我不打算破坏他对我的信任．2 solemn responsibility重任：He holds a position of trust in society.他在社会上负有重任．3 ［S］fml a solemn responsi-bility given to someone 信托：This is a trust that we lay on you; we know that you will do your best.这件事我们托付给你了；我们知道你会全力以赴的．4 the condition of being given to someone for care， protection，etc 托管：I left my pets in trust with a neighbour while I went on holiday.我外出度假时把养的宠物托邻居照管.5 care；keeping 照料；抚养：After my parents＇ death I was，put in my grandmother＇s trust.我的父母去世后，我由祖母抚养.take on trust toaccept without proof or close examination不加深究地相信：You＇ll have to take what I said on trust.你必须毫不怀疑地相信我的话.distrustalso 又作 mistrust lack，of trust 不信任：He keeps his money at home because he has a great mistrust of banks.他把钱放在家里，因为他非常不信任银行.

trustworthiness/'trast,w3:ðməs/ the quality of being trustworthy；emot honesty 可信赖性；可靠性；诚实：His trustworthiness is not in doubt.他的可靠无可怀疑.

faith／feiθ／1 strong trust and belief 信任：He will not steal my money；I have faith in him.他不会偷我的钱；我信任他．2 the condition of beingsincere；loyalty 信义；诚意；忠诚：He acted in good faith. 他表现得很忠诚.She acted in badfaith and hoped to cheat them.她弄虚作假，希望能瞒过他们.

reliance／rr＇laiəns／esp emot／lit trust 信任；信赖：I place complete reliance on his judgment.我完全信赖他的判断.reliant ［F （on）］ showing reliance on someone or something; depen-dent 信赖···的；依靠···的：We are completely re-liant on him／his help.我们完全依赖他／他的帮助.

reliability /rı,larə'biləti/ ability to be trusted or relied on 可靠性；可信赖性：He＇s a good manfor the job；I can speak for his reliability.他适合做这项工作；我可以担保他可靠.un-［neg］

integrity/ın'tegrəti/ complete honesty and good-ness 正直；诚实：He is a man of the greatest integrity；he would not steal your money.他是一个极为正直的人，绝不会偷你的钱.

loyalty／＇borəlti／ the quality of being loyal 忠诚； 忠心：His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的忠诚无可置疑.dis-［neg］

constancy /'konstənsi/ emot faithfulness;

F201 HONESTY ＆ DECEIT 诚实与欺骗

loyalty 坚贞；忠实：She loved her husband for his constancy to her.她爱她丈夫对她的忠诚.

allegiance /ə'li:d3əns/ esp emot loyalty, faith and dutiful support to a king, country, idea, etc（对国君、国家、思想的）忠诚：That politicalparty no longer deserves our allegiance.那个政党不再值得我们对它忠诚.

F201 verbs 动词：trusting and relying on people 信任与依靠人

trust/trast/1[Wv4;T1;D3] to believe in the honesty and dependability of (someone or something）；have faith in 信任；相信：You shouldn＇t trust him； he＇s dishonest.你不应信任他；他不诚实.Trust my judgment！相信我的判断吧！You can＇t trust him to do anything right. 他靠不住，什么事都做不好.You don＇t trust yourdaughters to stay out so late，do you？你不放心你的女儿这么晚都不回家，是吗？You＇re far tootrusting. It was stupid of you to let that man into the house even if he did say he was a policeman.你太轻信了，即使那人确实说过他是警察，你让他进到屋里也太傻了．2［T1；D3］todepend on 信赖：You can＇t trust the trains （to run on time）．你不能相信火车（会准时行驶）．3[T1] to allow (someone) to have money or goods and to pay for them at a later date 赊卖： Can you trust me for a packet of cigarettes until Friday？可否赊给我一包烟，星期五才付钱好吗？4［IØ；T5a］ fml to hope 希望：Everything went all right，I trust.我想一切都顺利吧.I trust you enjoyed yourself？我想你玩得很开心吧？

rely on/upon [v prep] 1 [T1, 4; V4a] to depend on （something or something happening）依赖； 依靠：You can＇t rely on the weather here.这里的天气靠不住.I think I can come， but don＇trely on it.我想我能来，但不能打保票.Don＇t relyon going to India （＝ perhaps you won＇t go）.不要以为一定能去印度（＝也许你不会去）.Don＇t relyon me/my going to India (= perhaps I won't go）.不要对我到印度去抱太大期望（＝也许我不去）.2 [T1; V3] to trust (someone, or someone to do something）信任；信赖（某人，或某人会做某事）：You may rely on me（to help you）.你可以信赖我（会帮助你）.

USAGE［用法说明］Some people think rely on his coming is better English than rely on him coming; but in rely on him to come one can use only him.有人认为 rely on his coming 比rely on him coming 更正确；但在rely on him to come 中只可用him.

depend on/upon [v prep] 1[T1;V3,4a] to trust； get help or support from 相信；信赖；靠··· 帮助：I depend on you to do it.我信赖你会做这件事.He doesn＇t work but depends on his father（giving him money）.他不工作而是靠他父亲（给他钱）．2［T1,6a no pass］·to be affected by依···而定；取决于：Our success will depend on hard work／on how hard we work.我们能否成功取决于是否努力工作／我们努力的程度.

depend/dr'pend/[Wv6;IØ] to depend on (def

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F202 HONESTY ＆ DECEIT 诚实与欺骗

2）certain things 看情况而定：Will he succeed？ -That depends！他会成功吗？-那就要看啰！dependent [B (on)] esp fml that depends on 依赖···的；依靠···的；视···而定的：She is depen-dent on him；she needs him.她依赖他；她需要他.dependence ［U］ the state of depending， being dependent 依靠；依赖 in-［neg］ depend-able ［B］ able to be trusted or depended on 可靠的；可信赖的：He is a very dependable person； you can rely on him.他是个很可靠的人；你可以信赖他.dependability ［U］ the state of being dependable 可靠性；可靠；可信赖 dependant， dependent [C] someone who depends on another,esp for food, clothes, etc, esp as a child 受赡养者；家属：His wife and children are his dependants.他的妻子和孩子由他赡养.

F202 nouns 名词：decency and

respectability［U］正派与体面

decency/'di:sənsi/ the quality of being decent 正派；体面；合乎礼仪：Please have the decency to move your coat from that chair！请规矩一点， 把你的外套从那把椅子上拿走吧！She＇s a goodwoman； her decency is wel known.她是个好女子；她的正派是众所周知的.in-［neg］

respectability /ri,spektə'biləti/ the state or condition of being respectable 可敬；受尊敬；端庄；体面：Her respectability is well known.她的可敬可佩是人所共知的.

F203 verbs 动词：lying，cheating，and betraying 说谎、欺骗与背叛

[ALSO→C234]

lie／lar／［IØ］ to not tell the truth 说谎：She lied.她撒了谎.She lied to me.她对我撒了谎.She liedabout what happened.她对发生的情况撒了谎.She＇s a lying kind of a person.她是那种爱说谎的人.liar［C］a person who lies 说谎的人：They are all liars; don't believe a word they tell you. 他们都是说谎的人；他们对你说的话一个字也别相信.

cheat/tfi:t/ esp emot 1 [T1 ((out) of)] to take from (someone) unfairly, dishonestly, or deceitfully 骗取；诈取：He cheated the old woman ((out) of her money) by making her sign a paper she didn＇t understand.他使老太婆在一份她看不懂的文件上签字，骗了她（的钱）．2［IØ(at)] to act dishonestly or deceitfully to win an advantage， esp in a game 作弊：Don＇t play cards withhim；he always cheats.别跟他玩牌； 他总是作弊.I always cheat at cards， it＇s the only way I can win.我玩牌一向作弊，只有这样我才能赢．3［T1］ lit to avoid or escape as if by deception（幸运或狡黠地）避开；逃脱：Theswimmers cheated death in spite of the storm. 尽管起了风暴，游泳者却幸免于难．4［IØ（on）］infml to be sexually unfaithful, esp to one's husband or wife（对丈夫或妻子）不忠：They＇ve been married for only 6 months and already she＇s started cheating （on him）！他们结婚才六

个月，但她已经开始（对他）不忠了.

deceive /dr'si:v/ [T1 (in or into); IØ] esp fml to cause (someone) to accept as true or good what is false or bad 欺骗；诓骗：I trust him because I know he would never deceive me.我信任他，因为我知道他绝不会欺骗我.Do my eyesdeceive me, or is that really an elephant pull-ing a carriage？是我眼花了，还是真有只象在拉车？Don't deceive yourself into thinking that bad plan is really good.别骗自己去相信那个糟糕的计划是好的了.

fool／fu：l／［T1］ to deceive 愚弄；欺骗：You can＇t fool me-I know you＇re not really ill.你骗不了我-我知道你其实没有生病.

trick /trik/[T1 (into)] to cheat or deceive by a trick or tricks（用诡计）欺骗；哄骗：She tricked me！她骗了我！She tricked him into giving her all his money.她骗他把自己所有的钱都给了她.

fox／foks／［T1］infml 1 to deceive cleverly 用狡计欺骗：He foxed us and got away with all the money.他狡猾地欺骗了我们，带着全部的钱跑掉了.2 ［usu pass］ to cause not to understand 使费解；使糊涂：I＇m really foxed by what＇s happen-ing！我真给发生的事弄糊涂了！

take in ［v adv T1］ infml to cheat；deceive 欺骗； 使上当：Their mother was taken in by the businessman's offers to help her and stupidly gave him most of her money.那商人说要帮助他们母亲，他们母亲便上了当，愚蠢地把她大部分的钱交给了他.Don＇t be taken in by what he says；it isn＇t true.别被他的话骗了；那不是真的.Hesuccessfully took us all in！他成功地把我们大家都骗了！

kid /kid/ [T1; IØ] infml to deceive or pretend, esp in a playful manner 骗人；假装（尤指开玩笑地）：He＇s not really hurt；he＇s only kidding.他并没有真的受伤，只是在假装罢了.Stop trying tokid me； I know you＇re not telling the truth. 别骗我了；我知道你说的不是实话.You＇re kidding！(= The things that you are saying are hard to believe.）你在开玩笑吧！（你说的事令人难以置信.）He＇s coming tomorrow；no kidding.他明天会来；不骗你.

do／du：／［T1］ BrE sl to cheat； deceive 欺骗：He has done us all！他把我们大家都骗了！I＇ve beendone；he＇s taken all the money！我受骗了；他把钱全都拿走了！

pass off [v adv T1] not fml to present falsely; pretend that (someone or something) is different and better 以（某人或某物）冒充；假冒：He tried to pass himself off as a doctor.他想冒充医生.She passed the fake money off as real money.她把伪造的钞票冒充真钞票用.

mislead /mis'li:d/ [T1] to cause (someone) to think or act wrongly or mistakenly; to guide wrongly(sometimes with the intention to deceive）使···想错或做错；把···带错路；误导；哄骗：Her appearance misled him; he thought she was young，but she wasn＇t.她的外表给他造成错误印象；他以为她很年轻，其实并不是.The travel-ler was misled by the old and incorrect map he was using，and lost his way.旅游者被他所用的错误旧地图误导了，因而迷了路.Don＇t let hisfriendly words mislead you into trusting him.

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别让他那几句好话骗得你相信他.

pretend /pri'tend/ [T1, 3, 5a; IØ] to say,claim, or appear falsely in order to mislead 假装；装着；装样子：He pretended to like us， but he didn＇t.他假装喜欢我们，但其实并不喜欢.Shepretends that shelikes them,so that she can get their help.她假装喜欢他们，这样便可以得到他们的帮助.He pretended illness and didn＇t go. 他装病没有去.He doesn＇t like her， he＇s only pretending.他并不喜欢她，只是在装样子.Shepretended to be surprised, but she wasn't really.她假装吃了一惊；实际并非如此.pretender［C］1 one who pretends 佯装者；冒充者2（esp formerly) one who claims to be the king of a country，etc（尤指从前）觊觎王位者

betray /br'trei/1 [T1] to be disloyal or unfaithful to 背叛；出卖：I thought he was too good to betray his friends.我还以为他正直，不会出卖朋友呢.She betrayed her country to the enemy. 她向敌人出卖了自己的国家．2［T1］to give away ormake known（esp a secret）泄漏（尤指秘密）：He betrayed the news to all his friends.他把消息泄漏了给他所有朋友知道．3［T1,5；（V3）］to be asign of （something one would like to hide）暴露；显示（想隐藏之事）：Her red face betrayedher nervousness/betrayed(the fact) that she was nervous.她涨红的脸显示出她很紧张.

sell out [v adv T1; Iø] not fml to be disloyal or unfaithful to (one's purposes or friends), esp for money 出卖；背叛（自己的目标或朋友，尤指为了钱）：He is a good writer who sold out （his artistic standards) and now just writes for money.他是一位优秀作家，后来背弃了自己（的艺术准则），现在只为赚钱而写作.

F204 nouns 名词：lying，cheating，and betraying 说谎、欺骗与背叛

lie/lai/ [C] an untrue statement purposely made to deceive 谎言：He tells lies.他说谎.What a lie he told her！他向她撒了弥天大谎！It＇s all lies；don＇t believe him.全是谎话；别相信他.

falsehood /'fo:lshud/ 1 [C] usu fml an untrue statement, for the purpose of cheating; （euph）a lie 假话；谎言：His story was full of falsehoods．他讲的全是假话．2［U］ esp poet the condition of being false 虚伪；虚假3［U］ will-ingness to cheat and betray 爱欺骗人；爱出卖人：His heart is full of falsehood.他内心充满了骗人的东西.

disloyalty /dıs'borəlti/ 1 [U] the state of not being loyal 不忠2［C usu pl］ a disloyal act 不忠的行为：We have not forgotten his many disloyalties to his country.我们没有忘记他对自已国家的许多不忠行为.

deceit ／dr＇si：t／ also 又作 deception ／dr＇sepfən／ [C;U] (an) activity or action which deceives 欺骗；欺诈；欺骗行为：His deceit is shameful.他的欺骗行为很可耻.I＇m tired of all your lies anddeception（s）.我讨厌你那些谎言与欺骗行为.

treachery /'tretfəri/ 1 [U] disloyalty; deceit; falseness，esp to a friend，king，etc 背叛；奸诈； 背信弃义：His treachery in joining the enemy

F205 HONESTY ＆ DECEIT 诚实与欺骗

made everyone hate him.他叛变投敌，大家都痛恨他．2［C］a disloyal action 背叛行为

treason /'tri:zən/ [U] (the crime of) disloyalty to one's country, esp by helping its enemies or by violent opposition to those in power 叛逆； 谋反；通敌；叛国罪：Joining the enemy was an act of treason; he will be hanged if we catch him.投敌就是叛国行为；如果我们抓到他就会把他绞死.

cunning /'kanu/ [U] cleverness, esp in deceiv-ing 狡猾；狡诈：The fox showed its cunning by swimming down the stream so that the hunt-ing dogs wouldn＇t be able to smell it.狐狸沿着小溪游去，使猎狗嗅不到它的气味，这说明它很狡猾.

perfidy ／＇pз：fədi／ fml ＆ esp lit 1 ［U］ also 又作perfidiousness disloyalty；treachery 背信弃义； 叛变；不忠：It is an act of perfidy to sell one＇s country＇s secrets to the enemy.把本国的机密出卖给敌人是一种背叛行为．2［C usu pl］ an ex-ample of this 背信弃义的行为；叛变行为；不忠行为：All your little perfidies have not gone unnoticed.你那些卑鄙的背叛行径并未逃脱人们的注意.

betrayal／br＇treəl／1 ［U］ the act of betraying 背叛；出卖2［C］an example of this 背叛行为；出卖行为：The story of the betrayal of Jesus by Judas is in the Bible.耶稣被犹大出卖的事记载在《圣经》里.

sellout/'selaut/[C] not fml an act of disloyalty or unfaithfulness to one's purposes or friends; betrayal 背叛（自己的目标或朋友）；出卖：It＇s asellout！＇he said in anger.“这是出卖！”他气愤地说.

pretence BrE,pretense AmE /pri'tens/1[U] the act of pretending 假装；虚伪；做作：No more pretence，please；tell the truth.请不要再装蒜了； 说实话吧．2［C］（an esp false）claim 藉口；托词； 口实；伪称：Don＇t listen to his pretences； he is lying.别信他的托词；他在撒谎.

pretension/pri'tenfən/fml & pomp 1[C (to)]a pretence；claim 自称；自命：I have no preten-sions to being an artist．我不自命是艺术家．2［U］ pretence 矫饰；做作；假装：Stop all this pretension.别再这样装腔作势了.

imposture /Im'ppstfə/ [U] the pretence of being another person 冒名顶替：His imposture was discovered； he was not Dr Smith at all.他被发现冒名顶替；他根本不是史密斯医生.

impostor /rm'ppstə/ [C] a person who pre-tends to be someone else；a cheat 冒名顶替者； 骗子：He＇s an impostor； he isn＇t a famous doctor.他是个骗子；他不是著名医生.

stealth/'stelθ/ [(by) U] a quiet and secretway of doing something 秘密行动；鬼祟：He did it by stealth.那事是他偷偷干的.She showed great stealth in her business activities; he knew nothing about them.她的商业活动十分秘密；他对此毫不知情.

F205 adjectives 形容词：not honest and loyal［B］不诚实的与不忠诚的

dishonest／dis＇pnist／ not honest 不老实的；不诚

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F206 HONESTY ＆ DECEIT 诚实与欺骗

实的；不正直的：He is a very dishonest man； don＇t trust him.他是个很不老实的人；别相信他.He got his money in dishonest ways.他的钱是用不正当的手段弄来的.-ly ［adv］：He got hismoney dishonestly.他以欺诈手段弄到钱.

deceitful／di＇si：tfal／emot dishonest 不老实的；骗人的；欺诈的：She has been very deceitful about everything she＇s done！对于她所做的一切，她一向很不老实！-ly［adv］-ness［U］

misleading/mis'li:di/ causing someone to be misled 骗人的；误导的；造成错觉的：He gave us avery misleading description of the house.他对房子的描述给我们造成错觉.-ly［adv］

disloyal ／dis＇brəl／ not loyal 不忠诚的；不忠心的： He was disloyal to his employers; his action was completely disloyal.他不忠于他的雇主；他的行动是彻底的不忠.-ly［adv］

treacherous /'tretfərəs/ 1 very disloyal and deceitful 背叛的；背信弃义的；奸诈的：The presi-dent swore to punish his minister's treache-rous actions.总统发誓要惩罚他手下那个部长的背叛行为．2 very dangerous 十分危险的；险恶的：Treacherous currents make swimming in this part of the river dangerous.河流的这一段有险恶的急流，游泳很危险.-ly［adv］

perfidious /pə'fidiəs/ fml & esp lit disloyal; treacherous 背信弃义的；不忠的；背叛的：Hisperfidious actions in selling our country's secrets have not been forgotten.人们并没有忘掉他出卖我们国家机密的背叛行为.-ly［adv］

F206 verbs 动词：plotting and trapping 策划与诱骗

plot /plpt/[IØ; T1, 3, 6a, b] to plan together secretly 密谋；策划：They＇re plotting against him.他们正密谋对付他.They＇re plotting to kill him.他们正密谋杀掉他.She plotted his murder／ plotted how to murder him.她策划了对他的谋杀／如何谋杀他.

conspire /kən'sparə/ 1 [IØ, 3: (with, together)] esp fml to plot something unlawful or bad 密谋；图谋不轨：The criminals conspired to rob a bank．罪犯们密谋策划抢劫银行．2［I3］（fig）（ofevents） to combine（事件、事情）共同促成；协同：Events conspired to produce great difficulties for us all.许多事情凑合起来，给我们大家造成了困难.

trap /træp/ [T1] to catch or keep (a person or animal) in or by a trap; to catch by plotting and planning 诱捕；诱骗；设陷阱捕捉；使堕入圈套：He trapped her， she couldn＇t get away.他使她上了圈套，她无法脱身了.Help；I＇m trapped！救命；我落入陷阱了！They trapped the animals and killed them.他们套住了动物并杀了它们.

snare/sneə/[T1]1 to catch (as if) in an animal trap，esp cleverly（用陷阱等）诱捕；诱陷：He was snared in their arguments.他陷入了他们的争论中．2 to get by skilful actions 用巧妙的行动获得：She snared a good job.她想办法谋得了一份好差事.

F207 nouns 名词：secrets，plotting， tricking，and trapping 秘密、阴谋、诡计与圈套

plot/plpt/[C] a secret plan to do something usu against a person, needing combined action by several people 阴谋：The police discovered a plot to kill the minister.警察发现了一个企图杀害部长的阴谋.

conspiracy/kən'spırəsi/ 1 [C] a secret plan to do something unlawful 阴谋：The police dis-covered the generals' conspiracy to seize con-trol of the government.警察发现将军企图夺取政权的阴谋．2［U］the act of secretly planning to do something unlawfu 阴谋活动：He was hanged for conspiracy in 1845．他于1845年因从事阴谋活动被绞死.

secret/'si:krit/[C] something that is secret[■F195], not known or usu told to others; a hidden reason，cause，etc 秘密；机密；内情；秘诀； 诀窍：Can you keep a secret？你能保守秘密吗？Let me tell you a secret. This is a secret plan; don＇t tell anyone.我告诉你一个秘密吧，这是个秘密计划；别告诉别人.What is the secret of herpower over children？她管孩子那么成功，诀窍是什么？

trick/trik/ [C] 1 something done to deceive or cheat someone 诡计；奸计；骗局：He got the money by a trick！他这钱是骗来的！2 something done to someone to make him or her look stupid and so give amusement to others 恶作剧：The children loved playing tricks on their teachers.孩子们爱跟老师恶作剧.What a nastytrick to play！多么讨厌的恶作剧！trickery［U］ the use of tricks to deceive or cheat 欺骗；哄骗； 诡计；设圈套

subterfuge /'sabtə,fju:d3/ esp fml 1[C] a trick or dishonest way of doing something or suc-ceeding in something 圈套；诡计；不正当的手法：He won by a subterfuge． 他靠诡计取胜．2［U］ the attempt to gain one＇s aims secretly 密谋；暗图；手段：Must you always use subterfuge？你非得老耍手段不可吗？

ploy /ploi/ [C] sometimes deprec an idea or action, esp one used in order to gain some advantage（尤指为得到好处而采用的）计策；手段；花招：Her usual ploy is to pretend to be ill， so that people will take pity on her.她通常的手段是装病，使人同情她.

device /dr'vais/ [C] a plan, esp for a purpose which is not wholly good 诡计；手段：He＇ll use any device to get what he wants.他为了得到想要的东西会不择手段.

stratagem /'strætəd3əm/ [C] esp fml a trick to deceive someone 计策；计谋；策略：What strata-gem did he use to get past the enemy？他用什么计策从敌人身旁走过去？

trap/træp/[C] 1 a trick by which one catches people， animals， etc 圈套；陷阱；埋伏：The soldiers fell into the enemy's trap and were killed.士兵们中了敌人的埋伏被杀死了.Be care-ful； it may be a trap．当心；这可能是圈套．2[often in comb] an apparatus with which one

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can catch esp animals（尤指捕捉动物的）捕捉器；捕捉装置：The mouse was caught in the trap／ the mousetrap.老鼠被夹子／老鼠夹子夹住了.

snare/sneə/[C]1 a trap for catching an animal, esp an apparatus with a rope which catches the animal＇s foot 罗网；圈套（尤指绊缠动物足部的绳套捕捉器）2 ［often pl with sing meaning］ esp lit something in which one may be caught; a course which leads to being trapped （陷害人的）陷阱；圈套：the snares of evil 罪恶的圈套

artifice /'a:təfis/ 1 [C] a skilful trick, esp one intended to deceive 计谋；诡计；巧计：She used a little artifice to get what she wanted.她略施小计以获得所欲之物．2［U］ inventive skill indeceiving 巧计；取巧：She used artifice to get what she wanted．她用巧计谋取她想要的东西．3［C］ a clever arrangement or thing 技巧；巧妙的装备：The use of mirrors in a room is an arti-fice to make the room look larger.以镜子装饰房间是使房间显得宽敞的一种办法.

F208 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：hiding and disguising 隐藏与掩饰

F209 HONESTY ＆ DECEIT 诚实与欺骗

real state of things） 隐瞒；隐藏；掩饰：He disguised his fear by looking angry.他装出生气的样子来掩饰他的恐惧.There is no disguisingthe fact that business is bad.生意不好这一事实是无法掩盖的．3［C］something that is worn or used to hide the true nature of a person or thing 伪装；用来伪装的东西：The thief wore afalse beard as a disguise.窃贼用假胡子伪装.Nobody saw through his disguise.谁也没有识破他的伪装.in disguise disguised 乔装；伪装：He came in disguise.他是化了装来的.

mask /ma:sk/ 1 [C] a covering for the eyes, face，or head 面具；面罩：The thief wore a mask，so I couldn＇t see his face.那贼戴了面罩， 所以我看不见他的脸．2［Wv5；T1］to cover witha mask 戴面具；戴面罩；蒙面：The money wastaken by two masked thieves.钱被两个蒙面贼偷走了．3［T1］（fig）to cover or hide 掩饰；隐藏： He masked his feelings well.他很好地掩饰了自己的感情.

F209 verbs 动词：hiding and moving secretly 秘密地活动与躲藏

hide /haid/1 [T1] to put or keep out of sight; make or keep secret 把···藏起来；隐藏；隐瞒：Ihid the broken plate behind the table.我把破盘子藏到桌子背后.You＇re hiding some impor-tant facts.你隐瞒了一些重要事实.Don＇t hideyour feelings；say what you think.不要隐瞒你的感受；你想什么就说什么．2［IØ］ to place oneselfor be placed so as to be unseen 躲藏；藏匿：P＇ll hide behind the door. 我将躲在门后.（fig） Where＇s that book hiding？那本书藏到哪儿去了？in hiding hiding oneself 躲藏着：The criminals were in hiding from the police.罪犯们隐藏起来， 不让警察发现.He has been in hiding formonths.他已经躲藏好几个月了.

conceal/kən'si:l/[Wv5; T1(from), 4] esp fml to hide； to keep from being seen or known 隐蔽；隐瞒；隐藏： It is wrong for a man to conceal things from his wife.男人对妻子隐瞒事情是不对的.Trees concealed the entrance to the park. 树木遮蔽了公园的入口处.There is a concealedentrance here.这里有一个隐蔽的入口处.Heconcealed having been there.他隐瞒了曾去过那里.

concealment/kən'si:lmənt/ [U] 1 the act of concealing 隐藏；隐瞒：Concealment of stolen property is a crime punishable by imprison-·ment．窝赃是可判监禁的罪行．2 the state orcondition of being concealed 隐蔽；躲藏：The criminals stayed in concealment until the police had passed.罪犯们躲了起来，等警察走后才出来.

disguise /drs'gaiz/ 1 [T1 (as)] to change the usual appearance, etc of (someone, one's face, something, etc) so as to hide the true nature 假扮；伪装；化装成···（以掩饰身分）：Shedisguised herself as a man, but couldn't disguise her voice. 她女扮男装，但改不了声音.The door in the wall was disguised as a book-case．墙上的门被伪装成书柜．2［T1］to hide（the

lurk /l3:k/1 to wait in hiding, esp for an evil purpose 潜伏；埋伏；潜藏（尤指图谋不轨）：Themurderer lurked behind a tree.杀人犯潜伏在树后．2 to move quietly as if having done wrong and not wanting to be seen 偷偷地活动；鬼鬼祟祟地行动 3．to exist unseen 潜在；隐藏：Dangerlurks in that quiet river.平静的河里隐藏着危机.

haunt/ho:nt/ [T1]1 (of a spirit) to visit, appear-ing in a strange form（鬼魂等）出没于：That house is haunted. 那座房子闹鬼.A headless man haunts the castle.一个无头男鬼常出没于那座城堡．2 ［usu pass］ to be always in the thoughts of （someone） 紫绕心头：She＇s haunted by her memories／fear.她的回忆／恐惧总是缠着她.I was haunted by his last words to me．他最后对我说的话总萦绕在我心头．3 esp litto visit a place regularly 经常出没；常到：Sea birds haunt the shore.海鸟经常飞到岸边来.

prowl /praul/1 [IØ] (esp of an animal looking for food, or of a thief) to move about in a quiet way trying not to be seen or heard（尤指动物觅食或指小偷）悄悄地四处活动；潜行：Catslike to prowl at night.猫喜欢在夜间活动.I wokein the middle of the night and heard someone prowling about the garden.我半夜醒来，听见有人在花园里悄悄走动．2［L9］ infml to wanderabout looking and examining 逛： She likes to prowl round the shops．她喜欢逛商店．3［T1］to move silently and secretly through （a place）潜行；鬼鬼祟祟地徘徊：He prowls the streets after dark.天黑后他在街上鬼鬼祟祟地徘徊.on theprowl prowling 潜行：He saw a lion on the prowl.他看见一头狮子在潜行.

steal/sti:l/[L9] to move quietly so as not to be seen or heard 偷偷地活动；悄悄地走动：She triedto steal through the gate without being seen. 她企图潜进大门，不让人发现.He stole past theother man into the house.他绕过另外那个人偷偷地溜进屋里.

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F210 verbs 动词：uncovering and

revealing 揭露与揭示

uncover/An'kAvə/ [T1] to find out (something unknown or kept secret）发现；揭露：The police have uncovered a plan to steal £1,000,000．警察揭露了一个企图盗窃一百万英镑的计划.

expose /tk'spəuz/[T1] 1 to uncover so as to leave without protection 使暴露（因而得不到保护）：She exposed her skin to the sun.她让皮肤晒太阳.The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves.士兵们奉命要继续隐蔽，不要暴露自己.（fig）Her youthand beauty will expose her to many dangers. 她的年轻美貌会使她遭遇许多危险.The house isin an exposed position on top of a high hill. 房子造在高山顶上，没有任何遮蔽．2 to makeknown （a secretly guilty person or action）揭露；揭发（罪犯、罪行）：I threatened to expose him／the plan（to the police）.我威胁要（向警方） 揭发他／这计划．3．to place in view 陈列（商品等）；展出：They exposed the goods for sale in the market．他们在市场陈列出售的商品．4 tech touncover (a film) to the light, when taking a photograph 使（软片）曝光：The film has already been exposed.胶卷已经曝光了.expose (oneself or another) to to make (oneself or another） suffer 使（自己或别人）遭受：Hisfatness exposes him to a lot of joking at the office.他肥胖的身躯使他在办公室遭到许多人取笑.expose oneself to show one's sexual parts on purpose in the hope of making people feel excited 裸露生殖器以引诱

reveal／rr＇vi：l／1［T1］to allow to be seen 展现；露出：a dress that reveals part of her stomach 她的一件半露腹部的衣服；The curtains opened，toreveal a darkened stage.幕启后，现出光线暗淡的舞台．2［T1；5：（as）；X （to be） 1， 7］ （not used with actual spoken words) to make known (to be）（不与实际所说的话连用）透露；泄露：Sherevealed the secret.她泄露了秘密.She suddenly revealed (the fact) that she was not married. 她突然透露自己没有结婚（这一事实）.Theseletters reveal him as/reveal him to be an honest man.这些信件说明他是个诚实的人.

Relaxation,excitement,

interest, and surprise

轻松、兴奋、兴趣与惊讶

F220 adjectives，etc 形容词等：quiet，

calm， and peaceful ［B］安静的、平静的与和平的

quiet /'kwarət/[Wal] 1 free from (unwanted) activity；at rest 清静的；平静的；静止的；不动的：We lead a quiet life in this village.我们在这个

村庄过着清静的生活.The sea seems quieternow.现在大海似乎平静些了.The trains arequiet in the afternoon．火车下午停开．2 not making oneself／itself noticed by activity 安静的；宁静的：The children＇s quiet behaviour was unusual.孩子们安静的表现显得不寻常.-ly[adv]-ness [U]

calm /ka:m/ [Wal] 1 free from excitement; quiet and untroubled 镇静的；沉着的；平静的：Even after her husband died she was calm.甚至在她丈夫死后，她仍然很镇静.Although theenemy was only five miles away, the city was calm.虽然敌人离城只有五英里，但城里仍然很平静．2（of weather） not windy（指天气）无风的： After the storm it was calm.暴风雨后风全停了.3（of water） not rough；smooth（指水）不汹涌的；平静的；风平浪静的：The sea was calm.海上风平浪静.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

peaceful／＇pi：sfəl／1 quiet； untroubled 安静的；平静的；安宁的；和平的：How peaceful it is in thecountry now.现在乡间多么宁静.She had apeaceful death．她安详地死去．2 loving peace 爱好和平的：All peaceful nations will disapprove of that country＇s warlike actions.一切爱好和平的国家都不赞成那个国家的好战行动.-ly［adv］-ness[U]

patient/'perfənt/ having or showing willingness to wait, do things, help, etc, esp calmly,even though one might really want to do something else 有耐心的；忍耐的：That teacher is very patient with the slower children.那位教师对天资较差的孩子很耐心.im-［neg］-ly［adv］

leisurely /'le3əli/ 1 calm in movement; not hurrying 从容不迫的；悠闲的：He did the workin a leisurely way． 他从容不迫地工作．2［adv］infml calmly and slowly 从容不迫地；悠闲地：Hewent leisurely about his business.他从容不迫地做他的事情.

tame/teim/ [Wa1] (of an animal) not wild[→F110］；used to people；not dangerous（动物）驯服的；温顺的；不危险的：Are those horses tame？这些马驯服吗？He keeps a tame lion.他养了一头驯服的狮子.-ly ［adv］-ness ［U］

F221 adjectives 形容词：calm in special ways［B］各式各样的平静

pacific／pə＇sifik／lit，euph ＆ pomp peaceful 和平的；爱好和平的；宁静的：What a beautifullypacific place this is！＇he said.“这是个多么美丽宁静的地方！”他说.The people are pacific here； we never have any trouble.这里的人爱好和平；我们从来没有任何纠纷.

tranquil /'trænkwil/ calm, quiet, and peaceful; free from anxiety，worry，etc 平静的；安静的；安宁的；无忧无虑的：She leads a tranquil life in the country，in a tranquil little village. 她在乡间一个宁静的小村子里过着清静的生活.-ly［adv］

serene /sə'ri:n/ completely calm and peaceful; without trouble， sudden activity， or change 平静的；宁静的；安详的；稳定的；坚定不移的：It was aserene summer night.那是一个宁静的夏夜.She

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had a serene trust in God.她对上帝的信念坚定不移.-ly［adv］serenity ［U］

relaxed /ri'lækst/ calm and peaceful in body or mind 放松的；轻松的；自在的；不拘束的；（精神上或肉体上）安恬的：He was relaxed in his chair， and spoke in a relaxed way to his friends.他自在地坐在椅子上，轻松地和朋友们交谈.

equable /'ekwəbəl/ 1 (of a person) of even temper； not easily annoyed（指人）性情恬静的； 平稳的；稳重的：I like working with him；he is so calm and equable.我喜欢和他一道工作；他是那么沉着稳重．2 （of temperature， character， etc） without great changes（指温度、性格等）稳定的-bly［adv］

even-tempered/,irvən'tempəd/calm and never becoming angry 性情平和的：He is the most even-tempered man I know.他是我认识的人中性情最平和的.

comfortable/'kamfətəbəl/1 giving comfort,esp to the body（尤指使身体）舒服的；舒适的：This isa comfortable chair.这是张舒适的椅子.The room was at a comfortable temperature.屋里的温度适宜．2 having or providing comfort 惬意的；优裕的：He has a comfortable job.他有一份惬意的职业．3［F］ free from（too much） pain， grief，anxiety，etc 无（多大）痛苦的；无忧愁的：The doctor said that mother was comfortable after her operation.医生说母亲手术后没有感到疼痛．4［A］ simple and undemanding 简朴的： His life has settled into a comfortable pattern that never changes.他的生活已定了型，简朴而一成不变.-ably ［adv］： They live comfortably on his income.他们靠他的收入过着舒适的生活.

snug /snag/[Wal] 1 giving or enjoying warmth, comfort，peace，protection，etc；cosy 舒适的；温暖的；安详的；安逸的；安全的：a snug little roomwith the fire going 一间生着火温暖而舒适的小房间；sitting snug by the fire 舒服地坐在炉火旁；asnug harbour 一个宁静悠闲的港口 2（as ofclothes) fitting closely, or sometimes too tightly（衣服等）紧贴的；紧身的；过紧的：a com-fortable snug-fitting coat 一件舒适合身的外衣-ly [adv]: I don't like a coat to fit too snugly. 我不喜欢外衣太紧.-ness［U］

F222 nouns 名词：quiet，calm，and peace 寂静、安静与平静

quiet/'kwarət/ [U] the state of being quiet; quietness 寂静；平静（often in the phr peace and quiet 安宁平静）：The quiet of the night was disturbed by singing.歌声打破了夜晚的宁静.All he wants in life is peace and quiet.他只求生活安宁平静.on the quiet without telling anyone；secretly 悄悄地；秘密地；私下地：She did it on the quiet.她暗地里干了这件事.

quietness/'kwarətnis/[U] the state of being quiet 寂静；平静；安静：The quietness of the children worried their mother.孩子们全无声息， 使母亲很担心.

calm/ka:m/ [U; S] 1 a time of peace and quiet; absence of excitement or worry 平静；安静；宁

F222 RELAXATION＆ EXCITEMENT 轻松与兴奋

静；无忧无虑2 a an absence of wind or roughweather（天气）无风；平静：The air didn＇t move； it was the calm before the storm.一点风都没有， 这是暴风雨来临前的平静.b（of water）a periodof stillness（海水、河水等）平静；风平浪静：Therewas a calm on the sea.海上风平浪静.

peace ／pi：s／ ［U］ 1 calmness； quietness 平静；安宁；宁静：He sat on the bank， enjoying the peace of the lake.他坐在岸边，欣赏平静的湖水.Please let me do my work in peace.请让我安静地工作.The place had an air of peace and quiet．这地方有一种宁静安逸的气氛．2 freedomfrom anxiety or troubling thoughts 心情平静： This news is bad for my peace of mind.这消息扰乱了我内心的平静.

tranquillity BrE, tranquility.AmE/træn'kwil-əti／［U］ the state of being tranquil 宁静；平静； 安宁

serenity /sə'renəti/ [U] the state of being serene 安详；沉静；从容：Her serenity relaxes other people.她的安详使别人感到舒适.

patience/'perfəns/ [U] 1 the ability a to wait for something calmly for a long time 耐性：You need to have patience if you want to get served in this shop.你想在这家商店买上东西，得有耐性.b to control oneself when angered， esp at foolishness or slowness 忍耐；容忍：If you don't stop making that noise I'm going to lose my patience.你如果再吵闹下去，我可要发脾气了.2 the power of bearing pain or other un-pleasant things without complaining 忍耐力；坚韧：His patience during his long illness was remarkable.他在长期患病期间的坚韧精神很难得.3 (the power of showing) care and close attention to work that is difficult or tiring 耐心；耐力：I wouldn＇t have the patience to sit mending watches all day.我可没耐心整天坐着修理钟表.

ease /i:z/ [U] the state of being comfortable and without worry or anxiety 舒适；悠闲；安心； 自在：She＇s rich and leads a life of ease.她有钱，过着安逸的生活.Let me put you at yourease; we are all here as your friends, not to make life difficult for you.我说你放心吧，我们都是你的朋友，我们不是来跟你过不去的.She sat atease by the fire with a drink.她手持一杯饮料安详地坐在炉火旁.

relaxation /,ri:læk'seıfən/1 [U] the act of re-laxing； the condition of being relaxed 松弛；轻松：Relaxation in a hot bath after work can be very pleasant.工作之余洗个热水澡松弛一下会非常舒服．2［C；U］ something done to make one relaxed 休息；解闷；消遣：He plays the piano for (a bit of) relaxation; it's one of his few relax-ations.他弹钢琴自娱；这是他少有的消遣之一.

comfort/'kamfət/1 [U] the state of being free from anxiety, pain, or suffering and of having all one's bodily wants satisfied; complete contentment 舒适；安逸：For comfort indoors the temperature should be set at 70°．室内舒适的温度应该是华氏七十度.He＇s lived all his lifein great comfort．他一生过着极其优裕的生活．2[U] strengthening help, kindness, sympathy, etc,given toa person who is suffering, griev-

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ing，or unhappy 安慰；慰藉：The priest spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man.牧师向那个弥留中的人说了几句安慰的话.The child ranto his mother for comfort.孩子跑到妈妈身边去寻求安慰．3［C］ a person or thing that gives strength or hope or that makes grief or pain easier for an unhappy person 安慰者；给予安慰的东西：My husband was a great comfort to me when I was ill.我生病时，我丈夫给了我很大的安慰.

F223 verbs 动词：relaxing and calming

放松与镇定

relax /rr'læks/ 1 [Wv5; IØ; T1] a (of people) to become less active and stop worrying（指人） 放松；轻松：Sit down and relax！坐下来松弛一下！He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.他躺在阳光下，看来非常轻松愉快.bto make（someone） do this 使松弛；使放松：The music will help to relax you.这音乐会使你心情轻松．2［IØ； T1］ to make or become less stiff or tight（使）放松；松弛：His muscles relaxed.他的肌肉放松了.He relaxed his hold on the wheel. 他松开了抓住方向盘的手．3［T1］to make（effortor control） less severe 使（努力或控制）松懈：You must not relax your efforts for a moment. 你一刻也不要松懈.

calm／ka：m／ ［T1； IØ］ to make or become calm 使平静；使镇静；变平静；镇静下来：The mothercalmed her child. 妈妈把孩子哄得安静下来.Calm yourself！ 镇静！The fisherman calmed the water by pouring oil on to it.渔夫在水面上浇油使水面变得平静.She calmed after a while.过了一会儿她平静下来了.

calm down [v adv] 1 [IØ] (of a living being or something active） to become calm 平静下来；镇静下来：The excited girl quickly calmed down. 那个激动的女孩很快平静下来了.At last the wildwind calmed down．狂风最后终于平息下来了．2［T1］ to make （a living being） calm 使平静下来； 使镇静下来：ľ＇lÌ go and calm your brother／the animals down.我去使你弟弟／那些动物平静下来.

cool down [v adv] not fml 1 [IØ] (of an angry or excited person) to become calmer and less excited（怒气等）平息下来；（人）平静下来：Shedidn't cool down for hours after that argu-ment．争论过后好几个小时她都没有平静下来．2[T1] to cause (an angry or excited person) to become calmer or less excited 使（怒气）平息； 使（人）平静下来：I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left.我尽力使她平静下来，但她离开时仍然怒气冲冲.

unwind /An'waind/ [IØ] infml to relax, usu slowly 松弛；放松（尤指慢慢地）：It＇s nice tounwind in the evening after a hard day's work.辛苦一天后，在晚上松弛一下是很惬意的.

quieten /'kwarətņ/ [IØ; T1 (down)] to (cause to) become quiet（使）安静；（使）平息；（使）收敛：They were shouting at first but they quietened （down）after a while.起初他们又喊又叫，但过了一会儿就安静下来了.She quietened her behav-iour.她收敛了自己的行为.I quietened her

worries.我消除了她的忧虑.

quiet／＇kwaiət／［T1］ esp AmE to quieten（使）安静；（使）平息：Quiet the children，please.请让孩子们别吵.

ease／i：z／1［T1］ to make more comfortable 使舒适；使安心：I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.我告诉她孩子们平安无事，让她放心．2［T1］ to take away （pain or worry） 减轻（痛苦、忧虑等）：I gave him some medicine to ease the pain．我给他一些药以减轻他的疼痛．3[T1 (of)] to free (someone) from pain or worry 消除（痛苦、忧虑等）：I eased him（of his difficulty） by telling him what to do.我告诉他该怎么办，来纾解他的困难．4［T1］to make looser放松；放宽：My new coat is too tight and must be eased under the arms.我的新外衣太紧了，腋下要放宽一点．5［IØ（off）］ to become less troublesome or difficult 缓和：The relationship between these two countries has eased.这两国之间的关系缓和了.The wind has eased off.风减弱了．6 ［X9］ to cause （something） to move as stated, esp slowly and gently by using skill and care 小心地移动（note＇the phr ease something open 小心地开启某物）：The drawer in my deskwas stuck fast, but I eased it open with a knife.我书桌的抽屉卡住了，我用小刀小心翼翼地将它撬开.I eased the heavy load off my shoulders and sat down for a rest.我把重负从肩上小心地放下，然后坐下来休息.

comfort /'kamfət/ [T1] to give comfort to (an ·unhappy，ill， or anxious person or animal）安慰；抚慰：I tried to comfort her after her mother＇s death.她母亲去世后我竭力安慰她.

F224 verbs 动词：interesting and exciting［T1］使感兴趣与使兴奋

[ALSO→F25,K10]

interest /'intrəst/ to cause (someone) to be, want to see， do， think about， have，etc 使感兴趣；引起···的注意：That book interests me；I must get／read it.这本书引起我的兴趣；我一定要弄到／读这本书.These things have interested him for years and he has learnt a lot about them.多年来他一直对这些事感兴趣并学到了不少有关的知识.

excite /ik'sait/ 1 to cause (someone) to lose calmness and to have strong feelings, often pleasant 使兴奋；使激动：The story excited the little boy very much.这故事使这小男孩非常兴奋.Don＇t excite yourself！别激动！2［also 又作V3］ to cause (someone to do something or some-thing to happen） by raising strong feelings 激起；激励；唤起；引起：The army＇s cruelty excited a rising of the people/excited the people to rise against him．军队的暴行激起了人民的反抗．3 tomake (an organ of the body, one's interest, etc）active 刺激；激起：Strong coffee excites your nerves.浓咖啡刺激人的神经.The beggar＇s story excited my pity.乞丐的经历激起我的怜悯.thrill ／0ril／［Wv4；also 又作 L9］ to（cause to） feel

a thrill or thrills（使）兴奋；（使）激动；（使）胆战心惊：Our hearts thrilled to the news.听了这消

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息我们心情十分兴奋.She thrilled at the thoughtof meeting the queen.一想到要见女王她兴奋极了.It was a thrilling story of violence and murder.这是一个暴力与凶杀的惊险故事.Thematch was so exciting that it thrilled everyone. 比赛十分紧张，大家都异常兴奋.

exhilarate/rg'ziləreit/ [usu pass] emph to make （someone） happy and excited 使兴高采烈：I was exhilarated by／at her visit.她的来访使我高兴万分.

stimulate /'stimjuleit/ [Wv4] 1 to increase in activity 促进（活动）：Exercise is stimulating.运动可以促进活力.Cold air stimulates the blood. 冷空气促进血液循环．2 to excite（the body）刺激；使兴奋：Some plants are stimulated by liht. 有些植物靠光的刺激来生长.We found the talkvery stimulating.我们觉得这次谈话很令人兴奋.3 to encourage 激励：He was stimulated into new efforts.他受到激励，要作出新的努力.The firstsuccess stimulated even more new discoveries. 在初次成功的激励下，出现了更多的新发现.stimu-lation [U] stimulus [C] something which is the cause of activity 刺激；刺激物：Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光能刺激植物生长. Success can be a stimulus to one＇s efforts.成功可以促使人努力.

F225 adjectives 形容词：interesting and exciting［B］有趣的与令人兴奋的

interesting／＇intrəsti／ causing interest 有趣的； 引起兴趣的：That＇s an interesting book.那是一本有趣的书.What a very interesting idea！多么有意思的想法！un-［neg］-ly［adv］

absorbing /əb'so:bin/ taking all one's attention; very interesting 吸引人的；十分有趣的：The playwas so absorbing we didn't notice how late it was.这个话剧那么吸引人，我们竟没留意天已这么晚了.-ly［adv］

engrossing /in'grəusi/ (esp of books) very interesting（尤指书）引人入胜的；十分有趣的：That＇s an engrossing story.那是个引人入胜的故［Ape］-重

exciting /ik'sarti/ causing strong, usu pleasant feelings 令人兴奋的；使人激动的：That was avery exciting story.那是个令人兴奋的故事.Hefinds her excitinglan exciting person.他觉得她很动人／是个令人激动的女子.un-［neg］-ly［adv］

thrilling ／＇θrilig／ causing one to feel thrilled 令人激动的；使人胆战心惊的：What a thrillingstory／thing to happen！多么惊险的故事／令人激动的事！-ly［adv］

sensational /sen'seıfənəl/ often deprec 1 caus-ing excited interest 令人激动的；轰动的；耸人听闻的：There was a sensational murder here last year.去年这里发生了一件耸人听闻的谋杀案.Ihaven't been doing anything sensational;just working.我没干什么轰轰烈烈的事；我只是在工作.2 (esp of writing, news, etc) intended to cause quick excitement or shock（尤指作品、新闻等） 哗众取宠的；煽情的；危言耸听的：He doesn＇t likesensational newspapers.他不喜欢看危言耸听的报纸.-ly［adv］

F226 RELAXATION ＆ EXCITEMENT 轻松与兴奋

exhilarating /rg'zrləreitir/ causing one to feel exhilarated 使人高兴的；令人振奋的：Thisweather is wonderful， and very exhilarating.天气好极了，令人精神爽朗.-ly［adv］

breathtaking／＇bre0，teiki／1 very exciting 极其紧张的；激动人心的：The race was quite breath-taking．比赛十分紧张．2 very unusual 不寻常的；惊人的：She had a breathtaking beauty.她美得惊人.It was an act of breathtaking stupidity. 这是令人吃惊的愚蠢行为.-ly ［adv］：She wasbreathtakingly beautiful 她美得惊人.

F226 adjectives 形容词：interested and excited 感兴趣的与心情激动的

interested/'Intristid/1 [B] concerned; having or showing an interest 感兴趣的；注意的；关切的：I was interested in your remark.我对你的话感兴趣.He had an interested look on his face.他脸上露出关切的神色．2［A］ personally con-cerned; on whom there will be an effect; who cannot make a judgment from the outside 有（利害）关系的；不能作客观判断的：He is theinterested person in this matter.在这件事情里他是当事人.All the interested parties （＝ people） came to the meeting.有关各方（人士） 全都参加了会议.-ly［adv］

excited /rk'saitd/ [B] full of strong, pleasant feelings；not calm 兴奋的；激动的：The excited children were opening their Christmas pres-ents.兴奋的孩子们正在拆开他们的圣诞节礼物.I＇m very excited about the party tomorrow.我为明天的聚会感到兴奋.un-［neg］-ly［adv］

frantic/'fræntik/ [B] very excited,worried,etc, esp so that one moves too much,cannot think or behave properly，etc（因兴奋、忧虑等）疯狂的；狂乱的：She was in a frantic state when the child didn＇t come home at the right time.当孩子没有按时回家时，她急得像发了疯似的.-ally［advWa4]:He tried frantically to telephone her, but couldn＇t get through.他拼命给她打电话，但打不通.

thrilled／θrild／［B］very excited 非常激动的：I＇m thrilled to see you！我见到你真激动！She had a thrilled expression on her face when she met him.见到他时她脸上露出非常激动的表情.

exhilarated/Ig'ziləreitid/[B] emph very excited and happy 非常高兴／兴奋的：He felt exhilarated when he heard the good news.听到这个好消息他非常高兴.

frenzied /'frenzid/ [B] being in a state of great excitement,fear,etc and unable to think, act, etc properly（由于极度兴奋、恐惧等而）发狂的；疯狂的；狂乱的：There was a frenzied look on her face.她的脸上流露出一种疯狂的神色.-ly[adv]

keen/ki:n/ [Wa1]1 [(BrE) B, F3; (AmE) A](of a person) having a strong active interest in something; eager or anxious to do something （指人）热心的；渴望（做某事）的：He＇s a keenstudent of politics.他是个热心于政治学的学生.（BrE） He＇s keen to pass the examination.他渴望通过考试.（BrE）Her father wants her to go

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to university， but she＇s not keen.她的父亲要她上大学，但她并不热心．2［B］（of a game orstruggle of any kind) done with eagerness or activity on both sides（指任何种类的比赛或竞争）激烈的：There was keen competition for the job．谋求这个职位的竞争很激烈．3［B］ （of themind,feelings, the five senses, etc) good, strong,quick at understanding, deeply felt,etc （指心智、感情、五官感觉等）敏锐的；强烈的；聪慧的；深切的；理解力强的：She has a keen mind.她头脑敏锐.He had a keen desire to win.他极渴望能获胜．She has keen eyesight．她视力敏锐．4[F on] esp BrE infml having a strong liking for or a strong active interest in something or someone; eager or anxious to do something （对某人或某事）非常喜爱或热心的；渴望（做某事）的：She＇s keen on music.她爱好音乐.I＇m keen on passing this examination.我渴望通过这次考试.She＇s keen on him. 她喜爱他.-ly ［adv］ -ness [U]

eager /'i:gə/ [B;F3, 5c] full of interest or desire； keen 渴望的；热切的；感兴趣的：Helistened to the story with eager attention.他极感兴趣地听这个故事.He is eager for sccess.他渴望成功.I＇m not so eager to get a new car now； the prices have gone up.我现在不那么急于买新汽车；价格涨了.（fml）The committee iseager that all the workers should come on time.委员会热切希望所有的工人按时上班.-ly[adv]-ness[U]

enthusiastic /ın,θju:zr'æstık/[B] full of enthusi-asm［→F228］ and eager interest 充满热情的；热心的；积极的：She is enthusiastic about going to France.她热衷于去法国.The most enthusiastic students were also the most successful.最热心的学生也是学得最好的学生．-ally［adv Wa4］

zealous /'zeləs/ [B (for, in); F3] fml & pomp eager 热心的；热情的；积极的：He is zealous forfamelin doing his duty／to do his duty.他热衷于出名／热心地履行职责.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

ardent /'a:dənt/ [B] esp lit, emph & pomp strongly felt； strongly active；eager；fierce 热情的；热烈的；热心的；强烈的：It is our ardent hopethat the war will end soon.我们强烈希望战争很快结束.He is an ardent supporter of the party. 他是该党的热心支持者.-ly［adv］

avid /'ævid/ [B (for)] esp fml & lit eager; keen 渴望的；热心的；热切的：She is an avid reader.她是一位热心的读者.He is avid for praise.他渴望得到赞扬.He is avid in his desire to please us. 他一心想讨我们喜欢.-ly［adv］

desirous /dr'zaıərəs/ [F of, F5] fml, pomp & old use feeling or having a desire 希望的；渴望的：She has always been desirous of fame／of being famous.她一直想成名.The president is strongly desirous that you should attend the meeting.董事长强烈要求你出席会议.

F227 adjectives 形容词：wanting to know， leamn，etc 想知道、听到等

curious /'kjuəriəs/ 1 [F3] eager to know or learn 好奇的；渴望知道的；好学的：The children

were curious to know more about life abroad. 孩子们渴望知道更多有关国外生活的情况.A goodstudent should always be curious to leam. 好学生应该永远渴望学习．2［B；F3］too eager toknow or learn, esp about what does not con-cern one; having or showing too much interest in other people＇s affairs 爱打听的；好管闲事的：He was so curious to know what was in the letter that he opened it, even though it was addressed to his father.虽然信是写给他父亲的，但他很想知道信的内容，就把信拆开了.The onlydisadvantage of living in this street is the curi-ous neighbours.住在这条街上的唯一缺点是邻居们太爱管闲事了.in-［neg］-ly ［adv］：Curiously （enough），he seemed to know that already.真奇怪，他好像已经知道那件事了.

inquiring /In'kwaiəri/ [B] which shows an interest in knowing about things; asking for information 好问的；爱打听的；好奇的；探询的：He has an inquiring mind.他爱追根究底.-ly ［adv］： She looked at him inquiringly.她探询地看着他.

inquisitive /in'kwizətiv/ [B] (of people and their acts) of a type which tries to find out （too many） details about things and people 爱打听别人事情的；爱询问的；好追根究底的：Don＇tbe inquisitive about her private life, she doesn't like it if you ask too many questions. 别去打听她的私生活，她不喜欢别人问得太多.-ly[adv]-ness [U]

nosy, sometimes nosey /'nəuzi/ infml &usu deprec [Wal; B] showing too much interest in other people＇s affairs 爱打听别人事情的；爱管闲事的：What does he say in theletter？-Don＇t be so nosy！他在信中说什么了？-别这么爱管闲事！-sily［adv］-siness［U］

F228 nouns 名词：interest and

excitement 兴趣与兴奋

interest/'intrəst/1 [U; S: (in)] the condition of being interested, wanting to know, see,learn, do，etc 兴趣；关心；趣味：He shows（a）great interest in this subject．他对这个题目很有兴趣．2［C］an example of this 感兴趣的事；爱好：What are your interests in life？你生活中有什么爱好？This has always been one of her many in-terests.这一向是她的许多爱好之一.

excitement/ik'saıtmənt/1 [U] the condition of being excited 兴奋；激动；刺激：He has a weak heart and should avoid all excitement.他的心脏虚弱，应该避免一切刺激．2［C］ an excitingevent 刺激的事物；令人兴奋的事：Life will seemvery quiet after the excitements of our holiday. 假期里令人兴奋的事情过后，生活将显得很平静.

sensation/sen'seifən/[C]1 (a cause of) a state of excited interest 轰动（的原因）：The new dis-covery was/caused a great sensation every-where．新发现在各地引起轰动．2 excitement 激动；兴奋：He enjoyed the new sensation of flying in an aeroplane.他喜欢乘坐飞机时那种新的兴奋感觉.

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th#ll/θril/[C] a sudden very strong feeling of joy,fear,excitement, pleasure,etc,that seems to flow round the body like a wave 激动；兴奋； 毛骨悚然；震颤：It gave me quite a thrill to meet the president.会见总统使我十分激动.He enjoysthe thrill of hunting.他喜欢打猎的紧张刺激.

exhilaration /ig,zilə'reifən/ [U] the state of being exhilarated，very excited and happy 异常兴奋和高兴：Her exhilaration showed on her face.她脸上表露出异常兴奋与高兴的心情.

frenzy /'frenzi/ [U; S (of)] a state of great feel-ing,esp of excitement or fear,etc, so that one cannot think， act，etc properly（尤指因兴奋、恐惧等而）狂乱；（暂时的）疯狂：She was in a frenzy（of excitement）when she heard the news.她听到这消息时兴奋欲狂.

keenn/'ki:nnis/[U] the state of being keen 爱好；热心；渴望；敏锐：His keenness for swim-ming is well-known.他爱好游泳是众所周知的.

g/'i:gənis/ [U] the state of being eager 渴望；热望：Her eyes showed her eager-ness.她的眼睛表露出她渴望的心情.

enthusiasm/mn'θju:ziæzəm/[C; U;(for, about)] a strong feeling of interest (and admiration) 热心；热情；热忱；狂热；巨大兴趣；爱好的事物：I amfull of enthusiasm for this book.我十分喜欢这本书.I don＇t feel much enthusiasm about that book.我对那本书不怎么感兴趣.Among hismany enthusiasms is a great fondness for Eastern music.东方音乐是他许多的爱好之一.enthusiast [C] a person who is habitually full of enthusiasm（about something）热心人；热衷者；热情者：He＇s a chess enthusiast.他是个棋迷.They are enthusiasts forlabout cycling.他们对骑脚踏车很着迷.

zeal／zi：l／［U］ fml eagerness； keenness 热心；热忱；热情：He shows great zeal for knowledge.他表现出极大的求知热情.

avidity /ə'vıdəti/ [U] esp fml & lit great desire; eagerness；keenness 热望；渴望；热切；热情

ardour BrE, ardor AmE /'a:də/ [U; (C)] esp lit, emph & pomp a strong burning feeling, due to something pleasing; excitement; eagerness 热情；激情；狂热：In the ardour of love he said he would do anything for her.他热恋着她，说愿为她做任何事情.His political ardour led him into many arguments.他的政治狂热使他卷入许多争论之中.

F229 nouns 名词：curiosity 好奇心

curiosity /kjuərı'psəti/ [U, U3; S, S3] the desire to know or learn 好奇（心）；求知欲：The boy burned with (a) curiosity to know what was in the letter addressed to his mother.这男孩极想知道那封写给他母亲的信中写了些什么.Curiositycaused the girl to open the door, even though it was clearly marked ＇private＇.好奇心促使这女孩把门推开，尽管上面清楚地写着“闲人免进”.

inquisitiveness/m'kwizətivnis/ [U] the state of being inquisitive 爱打听别人的事；好管闲事：Herinquisitiveness made people dislike her; she was always asking questions about what they

F231 RELAXATION ＆EXCITEMENT 轻松与兴奋

were doing.她爱打听别人的事，令人人讨厌她；她老是问别人在干什么.

F230 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：boring and frustrating 使厌烦与使灰心

bore/bo:/1 [Wv4; T1; IØ] to make (someone) tired or uninterested, esp by continual dull talk（尤指不停地以沉闷的说话）使厌烦：Theteacher bored his students.那老师使学生们感到厌烦.The lesson was boring， and the students were bored（by it）．课程沉闷，使学生感到厌烦．2[C] a person who causes others to lose interest in him or her, esp by continual dull talk 令人厌烦的人：He really is a bore.他真是个令人厌烦的家伙．3［S］esp BrE infml something which is rather unpleasant 讨厌的事：It＇s a bore having to go out again on a cold night like this.这么冷的夜晚还得出门，真讨厌.

frustrate /'frastrert/ [T1] 1 [Wv4] to cause (someone) to have feelings of annoyed disap-pointment 使沮丧；使感到失望；使泄气：This isreally frustrating！这真令人泄气！I feel frus-trated；I can＇t go after all！我感到很失望；我终归还是去不成了．2 to prevent the fulfilment of or defeat (someone or someone's effort, hopes, etc）挫败；阻挠：The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.恶劣的天气使我们出门的希望化为泡影.In his attempts to escape the prisoner was frustrated by a guard.囚犯企图越狱，但被警卫发现而告失败.

F231 adjectives 形容词：boring and frustrating［B］令人厌烦的与使人沮丧的

boring／＇bo：rin／ causing one to be bored 令人厌烦的；乏味的：What a boring film／book！多么乏味的电影／书！The talk was very long， dull， and boring.这次交谈冗长乏味，令人厌烦.-ly［adv］

frustrating /'frastreitiy/ causing one to feel frustrated 令人灰心的；令人泄气的；令人沮丧的：It's a frustrating experience going to catch a planeltrain and then finding it has been held up （＝ made late）.急急忙忙去赶飞机／火车，后来却发现它误点了，这种事情令人沮丧.-ly［adv］

tiresome /'tarəsəm/ boring and annoying; caus-ing one to feel bored and tired 讨厌的；令人厌倦的：What a tiresome man he is／day it has been！他这人真讨厌／今天真没意思！-ly［adv］-mess[U]

tedious ／＇ti：drəs／tiring and boring 使人厌烦的； 冗长乏味的；沉闷的：What a tedious lecture！多么冗长乏味的讲演！-ly［adv］

monotonous /mə'nptənəs/ boring, because al-ways the same 单调乏味的；千篇一律的：Theteacher's lessons/the school dinners were monotonous.老师的讲课／学校的饭菜很单调.-ly[adv]

apathetic/æpə'θetik/ without feeling or in-terest；lacking the desire to do anything 不感兴

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F232 RELAXATION ＆ EXCITEMENT 轻松与兴奋

趣的；冷淡的；漠然的：He is apathetic about thejob； it doesn＇t interest him.他对这工作很冷漠； 它引不起他的兴趣．-ally［adv Wa4］

F232 nouns 名词：boring and frustrating 厌烦与灰心

boredom/'bo:dəm/ [U] the condition of being bored 厌烦；无趣：He nearly died of boredom； he had nothing to do.他无聊得要命；他根本无事可做.She suffers from boredom because she has nothing to do.她感到厌烦，因为她无事可做.

frustration /fras'treifən/1 [U] the condition of being frustrated失败；挫折；失望：Frustration can make people ill．挫折会使人病倒．2［C］ something that frustrates 使人失望的事物；挫折： All these frustrations are making him ill.所有这一次次的挫折使他病倒了.

tedlum /'ti:dıəm/ [U] the condition or instance of being tedious 冗长乏味；沉闷

monotony /mə'nptəni/ [U] the condition of being monotonous 单调；无变化；千篇一律：Themonotony of her existence made her want to break away （＝ go and do something new）.单调的生活使她产生摆脱的想法（＝离开去过新的生活）.

apathy /'æpəθi/ [U] lack of feeling of interest in something or everything; lack of desire or ability to act in any way 无感情；无兴趣；漠然；冷淡：He was sunk in apathy after his failure.他失败之后就心灰意冷了.

F233 adjectives 形容词：excitable and tense［B］易兴奋的与紧张的

excitable /ik'saitəbəl/ (of a person or animal) easily excited（指人或动物）容易激动的；易兴奋的：These dogs are very excitable.这些狗非常容易一下子就凶起来．-bly［adv Wv3］-bility［U］

tense／tens／［Wal］ not calm or relaxed 紧张的： The city seems tense tonight, as if something is going to happen.今晚城里显得很紧张，似乎要发生什么事情.She is tense because of to-morrow＇s examinations.她因明天的考试而紧张.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

F234 adjectives 形容词：sensitive and

hysterical［B］敏感的与歇斯底里的

sensitive /'sensətrv/ 1 (too) quick to show or feel the effect of a force or of the presenceof something 敏感的；感觉灵敏的：She is sensitive to cold／pain.她对寒冷／疼痛很敏感.He has sen-sitive skin.他的皮肤很敏感.This is light-sensitive photographic paper.这是光敏照相纸. 2 （of an apparatus） measuring exactly（指仪器）计量精确的；灵敏的；精密的：This is a sensi-tive pair of scales．这架天平灵敏度很高．3 show-

ing delicate feelings or judgment 感情细腻的； 判断敏锐的：He made a sensitive study of the racial problem．他对种族问题作过细致的研究．4sometimes deprec (of a person) easily hurt in the feelings，esp of self-respect 神经过敏的；（感情、自尊心等）易受伤害的：She is a sensitivechild who shouldn't be scolded too severely. 这孩子很敏感，不要责骂她太厉害.She was sensi-tive about being tall and walked with her head bent down.她不愿别人说她长得高，所以总是低着头走路.Don＇t be so sensitive！ I meant no harm in what I said.别这么神经过敏，我的话没有恶意.in-［neg］-ly ［adv］ sensitivity also 又作 sensftiveness，sensibHlty ［U］ the quality， state，or degree of being sensitive 敏感；灵敏； 神经过敏in-［neg］ sensitize，-ise ［Wv5； T1］ to make sensitive 使敏感；使（照相底片）易于感光：This is sensitized photographic film.这是敏化照相胶片.

highly-strung /'hailr'strag/ (of persons, ani-mals） very tense by nature； easily excited（指人、动物）神经紧张的；神经质的；易激动的：He is ahighly-strung child； please don＇t upset him.他是个神经质的孩子；请不要使他不高兴.

pue snomэu excited 过度紧张的；过度兴奋的：She is over-wrought after all these exciting happenings.在发生那些激动人心的事情后她过度兴奋了.

worked up not fml very excited; showing strong feelings， esp when worried 非常激动的； 情绪激动的；（尤指忧虑时）烦躁不安的（esp in thephr get worked up 激动）：That child gets worked up very easily， and starts crying.那孩子很容易激动，一下子就哭起来.

hysterical /hi'sterikal/ 1 (of people) in a state of hysteria（指人）处于歇斯底里状态的；情绪激动不能自制的：The shock of the accident made her hysterical．事故的打击使她变得歇斯底里．2(of feelings) expressed wildly, in an uncon-trolled manner（指感情）疯狂的；无法控制的：Hegave way to sudden hysterical anger.他突然控制不住自己而狂怒起来．-ally［adv Wa4］

F235 nouns 名词：tension and hysteria

紧张与歇斯底里 [ALSO→B87]

tension/'tenfən/1 [U] the state or condition of being tense 紧张（状态）：There was a lot of tension in the room/air last night, at the meet-ing.昨晚开会时屋里／气氛很紧张.Tension madeher ill．她紧张得病倒了．2［C］ an example ofthis 紧张；压力：Tensions can make people ill. 紧张会使人生病.

stress/stres/esp emot 1 [U] tension and what it does to people 压力；重压：Stress made her ill.压力使她病倒了.She has been under a lot ofstress lately．最近她受到很大的压力．2［C］ anexample of this 压力：The stresses and strains of work made him ill.工作的紧张与压力使他病倒了.

suspense /sə'spens/ [U] a state of uncertain

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expectation 悬而未决；未定；悬念；挂虑 （often inthe phr keep someone in suspense 让某人悬虑不安）：We waited for the decision and the suspense was terrible.我们等待裁决，这种焦虑的心情是难以忍受的.He wouldn＇t tell them，but kept them in suspense all day.他不告诉他们，而让他们整天挂虑着.

hysteria/hı'stəriə/ [U] 1 a condition of nervous excitement in which the person laughs and cries uncontrollably 歇斯底里（症）；癔病2 wild excitement 狂热；情绪异常激动：The people were in a state of hysteria.人们处于狂热状态中.

hysterics／hr＇steriks／［P｝ attacks of hysteria 歇斯底里发作：She went into hysterics when she heard what had happened.她听到发生的事后就禁不住歇斯底里大发作.

F236 nouns 名词：surprise and

astonishment 惊奇与惊讶

surprise/sə'praiz/1 [U] the feeling caused by an unexpected thing happening 惊奇；惊异；惊讶；诧异：Her surprise showed on her face.她的脸上显出惊讶的神色．2［C］an unexpected event出乎意料的事物：I don＇t like surprises.我不喜欢料想不到的事.What a nice／nasty surprise！多么意想不到的好消息／坏消息！She gave a surpriseparty．她举办了一次令人意想不到的聚会．3［（by）U;A] the act of coming on (someone, often an enemy） unprepared 出其不意地出现；突然到来；突然袭击：They took the animals by surprise.他们出其不意地将动物捕获.Their visittook us by surprise.他们的来访使我们感到意外.The soldiers made a surprise attack on the town.士兵突然袭击了这个城镇.

wonder/'wandə/1 [U] a feeling of strangeness, surprise, etc, usu combined with admiration and the wish to find out about the thing which excites this feeling 惊异；惊叹；惊奇：She was filled with wonder at what she saw.她对所看到的事赞叹不已．2［C］ a wonderful act or aproducer of such an act 奇迹；壮举；惊人的举动；难得的事（或人）；作出惊人成就的人：We sawmany wonders in that place.我们在那地方看到很多奇迹.He is a wonder， the way he arranges everything all alone.他一个人可以把一切安排得妥妥帖帖，真是了不起．3［C］a wonderfully-made object 奇景；奇观：The Temple of Diana was one of the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient times.狄安娜神庙是古代世界七大奇观之一.it＇s a wonder （that） it＇s surprising （that） 难得；令人惊奇的是···：It＇s a wonder that youremembered me after all these years！经过这么多年你还记得我，真是难得！

astonishment /ə'stpnifmənt/ [U] great sur-prise；wonder 十分惊讶；惊愕：His astonishment at finding us there was very clear.他发现我们在那里时，显然感到十分惊讶.To my astonishmenthe was there before us.使我大为惊讶的是，他居然比我们早到.

amazement/ə'meızmənt/ [U] great surprise; wonder十分惊讶；惊奇；诧异：To my amazement

F237 RELAXATION ＆ EXCITEMENT 轻松与兴奋

I came first in the competition.使我感到十分惊讶的是，我居然在比赛中得了第一名.She wasfilled with amazement at the story.这故事使她大为惊异.I listened in complete amazement.我十分惊愕地听着.

F237 verbs 动词：surprising and

astonishing ［Wv5；T1］ 使惊奇与使惊讶

surprise ／sə＇praiz／1 to cause surprise to 使惊奇； 使感到意外：The taste surprised him； it was not as he＇d imagined it.这味道出乎他的意料，并不像他想象的那样.He was surprised to see the change in her. 看到她的变化他感到吃惊.Shehad a surprised look on her face.她脸上露出惊愕的神色．2 to shock or cause to disbelieve 使震惊；使难以置信：Your behaviour surprises me. 你的行为使我震惊.P＇m surprised at you！我对你感到大惑不解！3 to come on or attack whensomeone or something is unprepared 突袭；突然到来：They surprised us with a visit.他们突然来访使我们感到意外.The soldiers surprisedtheir enemies.士兵们突袭敌人.-singly［adv］

astonish /ə'stonif [often pass] to produce surprise or wonder in （someone）使惊讶；使惊异；使大吃一惊：We were astonished to hear what had happened.听到所发生的事我们大为惊讶.It astonishes me to hear that.听到那件事我十分惊讶.He gave her an astonished look.他惊异地看了她一眼.-ingly［adv］

startie/'sta:tl/ to cause to jump or be quickly surprised; give an unexpected slight shock to 使吓一跳；使大吃一惊：You startled me；I didn＇thear you come in！你吓了我一跳；我没听见你进来！It was startling to see how much older he looked.他显得老多了，看了真让人吃惊.-lingly［adv］：She was a startlingly beautiful girl.这女孩美得惊人.

astound /ə'staund/ [often pass] to surprise and shock 使震惊；使大吃一惊：He was astoundedwhen he heard he had won the prize.他听见自已获奖时十分惊异.-ingly［adv］

amaze /ə'meiz/ to fill with great surprise; cause wonder in 使大为惊异；使十分惊讶；使惊叹：Yourknowledge amazes me.你的学识使我惊叹不已.Iwas amazed bylat your performance.你的演出使我赞叹不已.It amazed me to hear that youwere leaving.听说你要离去，我感到十分吃惊.-zingly [adv]

stun /stan/ to surprise or shock into helpless-ness 使震惊；使吓呆；使手足无措：He wasstunned by the unfairness of their judgment. 他们不公正的判决使他大为震惊.stunningly[adv]

take aback [v adv often pass] to surprise and confuse（someone）使大吃一惊；使迷惑不解：The news of the election defeat took the govern-ment aback.选举失败的消息使政府大吃一惊.The old lady was quite taken aback by the priest＇s rudeness.神父的粗鲁态度使这位老太太吓了一跳.

flabbergast /'flæbəga:st/ [usu pass (at or by)]

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F238 RELAXATION ＆ EXCITEMENT 轻松与兴奋

infml to surprise very much 使大吃一惊；使目瞪口呆；使惊愕：She was quite flabbergasted at such a bold suggestion.如此大胆的建议使她大吃一惊.

dumbfound /dam'faund/ to make unable to speak, because of wonder, surprise, or lack of understanding 使惊讶得说不出话来；使目瞪口呆：The strange news completely dumbfounded us.这奇怪的消息使我们惊讶得说不出话来.

F238 verbs 动词：puzzling and

wondering 使迷惑与感到疑惑

puzzle /'pazəl/ [IØ (over); T1] to (cause to) think hard, perhaps not being able to find an answer，explanation，etc 使迷惑；使困惑；（使）苦思：Her story puzzles me； I find it hard to believelunderstand.她说的事情使我感到迷惑，我觉得难以相信／理解.I＇m puzzled by what shesaid.她的话使我迷惑不解.He has been puzzlingover her story for weeks.几周来他一直在对她说的事苦思苦想.puzzlement［U］ the state of being puzzled 迷惑；困惑

mystify /'mistə,fai/ [T1] to cause (someone) to be puzzled 使迷惑；使困惑：His strange behav-iour mystifies me.他的奇怪行为使我莫名其妙.mystification [U] the state of being mystified 迷惑；困惑不解

wonder/'wandə/1[T6a,b; (IØ)] to ask oneself 想知道；自问；不明白：He wondered why she didthat.他不明白她为什么那样做.＇Why did she dothat？＇he wondered.“她为什么那么做？”他问自己． 2 ［IØ； T6a， b］ to feel interested， curious， etc 感到疑惑；感到奇怪：She was wonderingabout him and how he got all that money.她对他感到怀疑，不知道他是怎样弄到那些钱的．3［T5a； IØ （at）］ to be surprised 感到奇怪；吃惊：I don't wonder at their happiness; I'd be happy too if I was them.他们高兴我并不奇怪；如果我是他们，也会很高兴的.Do you seriously wonderthat she didn＇t help him？她没有帮助他，你当真感到奇怪吗？4［T6a］（in asking politely）（用于客气地问人家）：I wonder whether I could come？ 请问我可以来吗？

F239 nouns 名词：puzzling and wondering 迷惑与惊异

puzzle /'pazəl/ [C] 1 something that is difficult to understand 难题；难懂的事：His strange behaviour is a complete puzzle to me. 我完全不能理解他的奇怪行为．2 something which teststhe mind and is done as an amusement 智力测验游戏（问题、玩具）：The children like doing puzzles.孩子们喜欢玩智力测验游戏.I boughtthem a puzzle book.我给他们买了一本谜语书.

mystery /'mistəri/1 [C] something that puzzles, is difficult or impossible to explain, under-stand，etc 神秘的事物；不可思议的事；难以理解的事物：The whole matter is a complete mystery

to me.整件事对我来说完全是个谜.There aremany mysteries in life.生活中有许多不可思议的事.He enjoys reading mystery stories.他喜欢读神秘故事．2［U］the condition of being strange， difficult to explain， understand， etc 神秘： There was a look of mystery about her.她有一种神秘的表情.mysterious ［B］ strange； difficult to explain or understand 神秘的；不可思议的；难以理解的：His death was very mysterious.他死得很神秘.A mysterious stranger came to the town.一个神秘的陌生人来到这座城镇.-ly［adv］

enigma /r'nigmə/ [C] fml or lit 1 a puzzle or mystery 谜；神秘的事；费解的事物2 a statementthat is meant to be difficult to understand 词意隐晦的文章（或话语）；暧昧的话 enigmatic［B］strange and difficult to understand 谜一般的； 不可思议的；难解的-aly ［adv Wa4］

marvel /'ma:vəl/ [C] something very surprising, interesting and unusual, esp that one does not see often or expect to happen, or finds diffi-cult to understand 令人惊奇的事物；奇妙的事物；奇迹：Television is one of the marvels of modern life.电视是现代生活中的奇迹之一.Theway he spoke in seven languages one after the other was a marvel to everybody.他能连续用七国语言讲话，大家都认为是奇迹.marvellous ［B］esp lit of or like a marvel 奇异的；奇迹般的；了不起的：The story was full of marvellous hap-penings.故事里充满了奇异的事件.-ly［adv］

miracle /'mirəkəl/ [C] a happening which cannot (easily) be explained naturally and is thought to be caused by a god or special power 奇迹：Many people believe that Jesus Christ performed miracles, such as bringing the dead back to life.许多人相信耶稣行了许多神迹，例如使死者复生.The doctor used a newmiracle drug to save the man＇s life.医生用了一种奇迹般的新药来挽救那人的生命.miraculous[B] of, concerning, or like a miracle; strange and wonderful 奇迹（般）的；神奇的：The way he climbed the mountain was quite miraculous; no one else could have done it that way.他那样登山真是奇迹；没有人能以那种方式做到.-ly[adv]

wonder/'wandə/1 [C] something or someone that causes surprise, interest, admiration, etc 令人惊奇、佩服的事或人；奇观；奇事；奇迹；杰出的人：She does everything well； what a wonder she is！她什么事都做得很好，真是能干得很！2［U］a feeling of surprise, interest, admiration, etc 惊异；惊奇；惊愕；惊讶；惊叹：They looked at thething in the sky with wonder; they had never seen anything so strange before.他们惊异地看着天上的那个东西；他们从来没见过这么怪的东西.（it＇s） mo womder it is no surprise that 难怪；不足为奇：No wonder you can＇t sleep when you eat so much before going to bed.睡觉前吃得这么多，难怪你睡不着.

prodigy /'prodid3i/ [C] someone or something that is very unusual or clever and causes puzzlement，wonder，etc 奇人；奇才；奇迹；奇事； 奇观：A child who can play the piano at the age of four is a prodigy.四岁就会弹钢琴的小孩是神童.

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Actions of the face related to feelings

与情感变化有关的面部动作

F240 nouns 名词：smiling and laughing ［C］微笑与大笑

smile/smail/ an expression of the face with the mouth turned up at the ends and the eyes bright, that usu expresses amusement, happi-ness， approval， or sometimes bitter feelings 微笑；笑容：She has a beautiful smile.她笑得很美. He put on an unpleasant fixed smile.他作出令人讨厌而又呆板的笑容.The new father wore aproud smile.那个刚当父亲的人带着自豪的笑容.all smiles very happy-looking 满脸笑容：The winner was all smiles as he heard the results of the voting.听到投票的结果时，获胜者喜形于色.grin /grmn/ a smile which shows the teeth;a smile which seems almost to be laughing, esp a very wide smile, which may sometimes also be an expresson of suffering 露齿而笑；咧着嘴笑；（有时也表示受苦）龇牙咧嘴：He didn＇t under-stand; he just stood there with a silly grin on his face.他并不理解，只是站在那里咧着嘴傻笑.

leer /lə/ an unpleasant smile or sideways look expressing cruel enjoyment, rudeness,or thoughts of sex（表示恶意或猥亵的）邪笑；狞笑；斜视；睨视；媚眼；秋波

laugh／la：f／1 the act or sound of laughing 笑；笑声 2 an expression of amusement， happiness， careless disrespect， etc through laughing 用笑来表示的欢乐、轻蔑等；欢笑；嘲笑3 infml some-thing done for a joke or amusement 令人发笑的事；玩笑；玩乐：He just did it for a laugh； hemeant no harm.他这样做只是为了逗乐，并没有恶意.

guffaw /gə'fo:/ a laughwhich is loud and per-haps rude 大笑；粗野的笑

giggle /'gigal/ a form of laughing which is repeated in an uncontrollable manner, esp by young girls（尤指女孩子的）傻笑；咯咯地笑：Thegirls went into a fit of (the) giggles; they had the giggles for some time after that.女孩子们发出一阵傻笑；后来她们又咯咯地笑了一阵子.dosomething for a giggle infml BrE to do something for a joke, not for serious reasons 为开玩笑而做某事

chuckle／＇tfakəl／ a quiet laugh 轻声笑： He gave a chuckle as he read her letter.他读她的信时，不禁轻轻地笑出声来.

F241 verbs 动词：smiling and laughing 微笑与笑

smile/smail/1 [IØ; (T1)] to have or make (a smile）微笑；面带笑容：She smiled at me；how wonderful！她对我笑了，多好啊！It＇s rare to see him smile.人们很少看见他笑.He smiled his

F242 SHOWING FEELINGS 表达情感

most welcoming smile.他以微笑表示他最热烈的欢迎．2 ［L9］ to have a feeling which a smile expresses;consider something slightly funny or silly 感到有趣可笑：He smiled to think what a fool he＇d been.当他想到自己曾经多么傻时，不禁感到好笑．3［IØ（on）］（fig） to act or look fa-vourably 对···表示友好；帮忙；照顾：The weather smiled on us； it was a fine day.天公作美，这是个晴天．4［T1］to express with a smile 以微笑表示：She smiled a greeting. 她以微笑打招呼.smilingly[adv]

grin／grm／ ［IØ］ to make a grin 咧着嘴笑；露齿而笑；龇牙咧嘴：They grinned with pleasure when I gave them the sweets.当我给他们糖果时，他们高兴得咧着嘴笑.He grinned from ear to ear atthe good news.听到这个好消息他满面笑容.Youdon't like the news?-Well, you must just grin and bear it (= suffer it without com-plaint）.你不喜欢这个消息吗？-那你只好苦笑忍受.

leer／lə／［IØ］ to look with a leer（恶意或好色地）

邪笑；狞笑；斜视；睨视；送秋波；做媚眼 -ingly ［adv］laugh /la:f/1 [Iø] to express amusement, happi-ness, careless disrespect, etc by making explosive sounds with the voice, usu while smiling（出声地）笑；发笑；嘲笑：Stop laughing （at me）！不要再笑（我）了！2 ［L9］ to experience the feeling for which this is the expression 暗笑：He laughed silently to himself.他暗自发笑. 3 [X9] to bring, put, drive, etc with laughing 以笑声使···：They laughed her out of her anxiety．他们以欢笑声使她忘掉了忧愁．4［X7］tocause （oneself） to become by laughing 笑得使（自己）处于某种状态：He laughed himself sick. 他笑到要吐了．5［T1］ to express with a laugh 以笑来表示：She laughed her disrespect.她以笑来表示自己的轻蔑.-ingly ［adv］laughter ［U］genl laughing 笑；笑声：He heard the sound of laughter.他听到笑声.

guffaw /gə'fo:/ [IØ] to laugh loudly and perhaps rudely大笑；粗野地笑

giggle／＇gigəl／1 ［IØ］to make giggles 咯咯地笑；傻笑：She thought it was funny and giggled uncontrollably.她认为这很滑稽，竟咯咯地笑个不停．2［T1］to express with giggles 用咯咯的笑声表示：She giggled her amusement.她感到有趣而咯咯地笑了起来.

chuckle/'tfakal/[Iø] to laugh quietly to oneself 轻声地笑；暗笑：I could hear him chuckling to himselfas he read that funny article.当他读到那篇有趣的文章时，我听到他暗自轻轻地笑了起来.

F242 verbs 动词：frowning and scowling 皱眉与作怒容

frown/fraun/1 [IØ] to draw the hair-covered parts above the eyes (the eyebrows) together in anger or effort, to show disapproval, or to protect the eyes against strong light, causing. lines to appear on the forehead 皱眉；蹙额（表示生气、用力、不赞同或避免强光照射眼睛）：Shefrowned when the sun got in her eyes.阳光射到她眼里时她皱起了眉头.The boys are late，＇he

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F243 SHOWING FEELINGS 表达情感

said，frowning anxiously at the clock.“孩子们迟到了，”他皱着眉头焦急地看着时钟说道.Theteacher frowned at the noisy class.老师对吵闹的学生蹙额表示不悦．2［T1］to express by doingthis 皱眉表示：The teacher frowned his disap-proval at the noisy class.老师皱眉头对这个吵闹的班级表示不满．3［IØ］（fig）（of a thing） to have a dangerous or frightening appearance when seen from below（指事物由下往上看时）凶恶的；险恶的：The mountains frowned down on the plains.这山脉凶险地俯视着平原.

scowl/skaul/1 [IØ (at)] to make an angry or threatening expression； to frown angrily 皱眉作不悦之色；作怒容：The teacher scowled at hisnoisy class.老师皱着眉头对着他那班吵闹的学生.What a scowling face you have！你眉头皱得多紧啊！2［T1］to express in this way 皱眉表示；以怒容表示：He scowled his displeasure.他皱着眉头表示不悦.

grimace/'griməs/ [IØ] to make an expression of pain, annoyance, etc which makes the face look unnaturally twisted 做怪相；扮鬼脸；作苦相： He grimaced when he tasted the coffee with-out sugar in it.他尝了尝不加糖的咖啡后，做了个苦相.She grimaced at the sight of all the work. 她看到有那么多工作要做就扮了个苦相.

snarl/sna:l/1 [IØ] (of an animal) to make a low angry sound while showing the teeth（指动物） 龇牙咧嘴地低吼 2［IØ；T1］（of a person） tospeak or say in an angry, bad-tempered way （指人）咆哮着说；怒喝：＇Get out of here！＇hesnarled.他怒喝道：“滚出去！”

F243 nouns 名词：frowning and

scowling［C］蹙额与作怒容

frown／fraun／an act of frowning 皱眉；蹙额：She had a frown on her face because the sun was very strong／because she was angry.因为阳光太强／因为她生气，她皱起了眉头.

scowl/skaul/ an angry, threatening expression; an angry frown 皱眉；不悦之色；怒容：He had ascowl on his face as he faced his enemy.他满面怒容地面对敌人：

grimace／＇griməs／ an act of grimacing 怪相；鬼脸；苦相：She made a grimace at the mention of all the work. 一提到有那么多工作她就做了个苦相.

snarl ／sna：l／ an act of snarling 咆哮：He an-swered with a snarl.他咆哮着回答.He could hear the snarls of animals.他听得见野兽的咆哮声.

F244 verbs 动词：mocking and sneering 冷嘲热讽

when one should be 嘲弄；嘲笑；挖苦：The Roman soldiers mocked Christ by calling him king.那些罗马士兵称基督为王来嘲弄他.He hadno religious beliefs, and he went to church only to mock.他不信教，他去教堂不过是为了嘲弄宗教.The pupil did his best， and the teacher was wrong to mock at his efforts, however bad they were.那个学生已尽了最大努力，无论他成绩多么差，老师也不应该嘲笑他.What madehim angry wasn't losing the game but the mocking laughter of the man who'd beaten him.使他生气的不是他比赛输了，而是赢了他的人那嘲弄的笑声．2［T1］to copy（something） in such a way that the person or thing copied is laughed at 通过模仿来嘲笑；学样子嘲弄：Heimade all the other boys laugh by mocking the way the teacher spoke and walked.他模仿老师讲话和走路的样子，把别的男孩都逗笑了．3［T1］fml to cause (the efforts, skill, strength, etc of other people) to be useless or have no efect, success，etc 使无效；挫败：For five years that small country has mocked the strength of the powerful nation with which it is at war.五年来那个小国力挫与之交战的大国，使对方强大的力量无法得逞.-ingly ［adv］ make mock of fml，lit ＆ pomp to mock 嘲笑；戏弄：Don＇t make mock of him！不要戏弄他！

ridicule /'ridikju:l/ [T1] to laugh unkindly at; make unkind fun of 嘲笑；奚落：They all ridiculed the idea.他们都嘲笑这个想法.

caricature /'kærikətfuə/ [T1] to ridicule (some-one) by a acting like him or her in a way intended to amuse 滑稽地模仿：He made his friends laugh by caricaturing their teacher.他滑稽地模仿他们的老师来逗朋友们发笑.b makinga drawing which makes that person seem more odd, noticeable, or amusing than he or she really is 用漫画讽刺／丑化（某人）

scoff/skof/[IØ (at)] to speak or act disrespect-fully；to laugh at or ridicule 嘲笑；嘲弄：She came to the meeting to scoff but stayed to learn.她来参加会议是想来嘲弄一番，可竟然留下来.学习了.As a young man he scoffed at religion. 他年轻时嘲笑宗教.-ingly［adv］

jeer／d3rə／1［T1（at）］ to laugh rudely at 嘲笑；嘲弄：The crowd jeered（at）the prisoners.群众嘲笑那些犯人．2［IØ］to laugh rudely 嘲笑：As the prisoners passed， the crowd jeered.当犯人们经过时，人群中发出了嘲笑声.-ingly［adv］

sneer/snrə/[IØ] 1 to express proud dislike by a kind of usu one-sided smile 冷笑；嘲笑；讥讽2 [(at)] to act proudly; treat something as if unworthy of serious notice 轻蔑；蔑视：That is a piece of work not to be sneered at.那可是一件不容轻视的作品.She sneers at all opinionsbut her own.除了自己的观点之外，她对别人的看法一概嗤之以鼻.

F245 nouns 名词：mocking and sneering

冷嘲热讽

or something) as if one is not serious, esp mockery /'mpkəri/1 [U] the act or action of

mock /mpk/ 1 [Wv4; T1; IØ (at)] to laugh at (someone or something) when it is wrong to do so; speak or act with regard to (someone

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laughing at something that should not be laughed at or of treating something serious as if it is not 嘲弄；嘲笑：He finished his speech， in spite of the noisy mockery of his listeners.尽管听众大声嘲笑，他还是把话讲完了．2［C ususing] a person or thing that is foolish,shame-ful and／or worthy of being laughed at 被嘲弄的对象；笑柄：The teacher is so foolish，and does his work so badly, that he's (become) a mockery to the whole school.这教师很愚笨，工作又做得很差，已成了全校的笑柄．3［S］some-thing untrue or pretended, that is unworthy of any respect or serious consideration 冒牌货；装装样子的事：The medical examination was a mockery; the doctor hardly looked at the child.那次体格检查不过是虚应故事罢了；医生对那个孩子几乎看也没看一眼．4［C often pl］ an actof mocking 愚弄；嘲弄 hold someone or some-thing up to mockery to cause or attempt to cause someone or something to appear fool-ish 拿某人或某事开玩笑；戏弄：This book holdsmany of our present-day politicians up to mockery.这本书拿很多当代的政客大开玩笑.make a mockery of 1 to cause to be done without useful result 使徒劳；使无效：His failure made a mockery of the teacher's great efforts to help him.他考试不及格使老师帮助他的一番心血白费了．2 to prove to be untrue or pretended 证明是假的或伪装的：His evil life makes amockery of his claims to be a holy man.他邪恶的生活证明他自称是圣人的话不过是谎言.

ridicule /'ridikju:l/ [U] unkind laughter; the condition of being made fun of 嘲笑；奚落：His behaviour deserves ridicule rather than blame.他的行为应该受到嘲笑而不是责备.holdsomeone up to ridicule to invite people to laugh unkindly at someone 把某人当作笑柄：It＇s not fair to hold me up to ridicule because I can＇t spell！因为我不会拼写而把我当作笑柄是不公平的！lay oneself open to ridicule to do things that will make people laugh at one 使自已成为笑柄 ridiculous［B］ silly； deserving ridi-cule 荒唐的；可笑的；滑稽的；该嘲笑的：She looksridiculous in those tight trousers.她穿着那紧身裤看上去很可笑.It would be（quite） ridiculous to spend all their money.如果他们把钱都花光那就太荒唐了.-ly［adv］

scoff／skpf／1［C usu pl］ a scoffing remark 嘲弄： He didn't enjoy listening to the scoffs of the crowd．他听着人群的冷嘲热讽很不痛快．2［S］anobject of scoffing 笑柄；被嘲笑的对象：His ideas were the scoff of the scientific world.他的想法成了科学界的笑柄.

jeer ／d3ıə／ ［C］ a jeering remark or noise 奚落人的话；嘲弄；讥笑；嘲笑声；讥评：He has knownpraise and hatred, and has gone from cheers to jeers.他曾受过赞扬，也遭受过憎恨；过去人们向他欢呼，现在却对他嘲弄讥讽.

sneer/sniə/[C] a sneering expression of the face，way of speaking，or remark 讥诮；冷笑：He greeted the idea with a sneer.他对那个想法嗤之以鼻.

F247 SHOWING FEELINGS 表达情感

F246 nouns 名词： groans and growls ［C］ 呻吟与怒吼

groan /grəun/1 a rather loud sound of suffer-ing, worry, or disapproval which is made in a deep voice 呻吟声；抱怨声；表示痛苦、忧虑或不满的哼声：There were loud groans when they heard the bad news.他们听到这个坏消息时大声地呻吟起来．2 a sound caused by the move-ment of wood or metal parts（木或金属部件移动时发出的）嘎吱声：The old chair gave a groanwhen the woman sat down in it.那个女人坐下时，旧椅子嘎吱地响了一下.

moan/məun/1 a low sound of pain, grief, or suffering 呻吟声；呜咽声；悲叹声；表示痛苦、忧伤的低沉声音：From time to time， during the night, there was a moan (of pain) from the sick man.夜里不时传来病人痛苦的呻吟声.Hertears and moans were pitiful, as she sat hold-ing her dead baby in her hands.她手抱死去的婴儿，眼泪和鸣咽声皆令人心酸．2（fig）soundsthat give the idea of sadness or suffering 类似呻吟的声音：The moan of the wind in the trees made her feel afraid.林中呜呜的风声使她感到害怕.

howl/haul/a long loud cry, as in pain,anger, etc, esp that made by such animals as wolves and dogs（尤指狼、狗等动物的）嚎叫

growl /graul/ a deep rough sound in the throat to show anger or a warning 低沉的怒吼；咆哮：He answered her with a growl （ofanger）.他以（愤怒的）咆哮声回答她.（fig）They heard thegrowl of distant guns／thunder.他们听到远处隆隆的炮／雷声.

F247 verbs 动词：groaning and growling 呻吟与怒吼

groan／grəun／1［IØ］ to make a groan 呻吟；发哼声；发出嘎吱声：The old man who had been inthe accident lay groaning beside the road.在事故中受伤的老人躺在路旁呻吟着.The floor-boards groaned as he crossed the room.他穿过房间时地板发出了吱吱嘎嘎的响声.（fig）Thetable groaned with food．桌上摆满了食物．2［T1 (out)] to say in a low voice which seems about to groan 用低沉的呻吟声说：He groaned out thestory of how his friends had been killed.他呻吟着说出他的朋友们遇难的经过．3［IØ］（fig）tosuffer 受苦；受折磨：The people groaned under the heavy taxes.人民在沉重的赋税下受尽折磨.My heart groaned at the thought of the work. 一想到那件工作我就心里难受.

moan/məun/1 [IØ] to make a moan or moans 呻吟；呜咽：The sick child moaned a little， and then fell asleep.病孩呻吟了一会就睡着了.Thewind moaned round the house all night; it wasn＇t a cheerful sound.风整夜在房子周围呼啸；这个声音听着可不好受．2［T1（out）］ to expresswith moans 呻吟着说；呜咽着说：The prisonermoaned（out）a prayer for help.囚徒喃喃祷告，

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F248 SHOWING FEELINGS 表达情感

祈求帮助．3［Iø］derog to complain；to speak in a complaining voice 抱怨；悲叹：Stop moaning； you really have nothing to complain about.别再哼哼了，你实在没有什么可抱怨的.He＇s alwaysmoaning about the unjust way in which he thinks he＇s been treated.他一直在抱怨，认为别人对他不公平.

howl／haul／1［IØ］ to make howls 嚎叫；（风）呼啸： The dogs howled all night.群犬彻夜狂吠.The wind howled in the trees.风在树林间怒号.We howled with laughter．我们大声狂笑．2［T1 （out）］ to say or express with a howl 号叫；喊叫： He howled （out） my name.他大声喊我的名字.3 to weep loudly 哀嚎

growl /graul/1 [ÍØ] (usu of animals) to make a growl（常指动物）嗥叫；咆哮：The dog growled at the postman．狗对着邮差咆哮．2［IØ］（of things） to make a soundlike this（指事物）作隆隆声；发出低沉的吼声：The guns were growlingin the distance．大炮在远处怒吼．3［T1（out）］ to express in a voice which seems to growl 咆哮着说：When he came late， he growled （out） an excuse.他迟到时就咕噜咕噜地说出个借口.

F248 verbs，etc 动词等：crying and weeping 哭泣

cry/krai/1[IØ;(T1)] to produce tears from the eyes with or without sounds expressing grief, sorrow，sadness，etc 哭泣；号哭；呜咽： She cried with sadness when she heard news of her friend＇s death.她听到朋友的死讯时，伤心地哭了.The little girl was crying because she was lost. 小女孩因为迷了路在哭.When she knew her babywas safe the mother cried for joy.母亲得悉自己的孩子平安无事时，高兴得哭了起来.Paul wascrying for some more cake (= becasue he wanted some more cake）.保罗哭着要再吃些蛋糕.On the day of mother＇s death my father cried real tears for the first time in his life.母亲去世那天，父亲有生以来第一次真正地掉了泪．2[Iø (out)] to make loud sounds expressing fear，sadness， or some other feeling 大声叫；嚷（表示恐惧、悲哀等感情）：The babycried fromhunger.婴儿饿得直哭.He cried out in pain.他痛得叫了起来.

burst into tears to start crying 猛然哭起来；哇的一声哭起来：She burst into tears when she heard the bad news.她听到这个坏消息时哇的一声哭了起来.

in tears crying 哭泣：She was in tears because of what happened.她因所发生的事而哭泣.

weep ／wi：p／i ［T1； IØ］ esp fml＆lit to cry 流泪； 哭泣：He lost control of his feelings and began to weep.他控制不住自己的感情，流起眼泪来.（fig）She wept bitter tears．她流下了伤心的眼泪．2[X7,9]to put (oneself) into a certain state by weeping 哭得使（处于某种状态）：She weptherself silly（＝ into an over-excited state）.她哭得死去活来．3［IØ］to lose liquid 流出（液体）：Hiswound began to weep.他的伤口开始流脓.

sob/spb/1[IØ] to breathe while weeping in

sudden short bursts making a sound in the throat 抽噎；啜泣；哽咽；呜咽：A little girl wassitting and sobbing in the corner.一个小女孩坐在角落里啜泣．2［T1（out）］ to say or tell byweeping 抽噎着说：＇It can＇t be true！＇he sobbed. 他呜咽着说：“这不可能是真的！”He sobbed outthe whole sad story.他哽咽着说出了整个悲惨事情的经过．3［X9］ to bring by weeping 啜泣得使：She sobbed herself to sleep.她抽噎着渐渐地入睡了．4 ［C］ an uncontrolled short breath while weeping； a sound of sobbing 抽噎（声）；啜泣（声）：Hearing her sobs， he asked what the matter was.听到她的啜泣声，他问出了什么事.

F249 adjectives，etc 形容词等：crying and weeping［B］哭着的与流泪的

tearful／＇tiəfəl／crying 眼泪汪汪的；含着眼泪的：A tearful young girl stood in the doorway.一位眼泪汪汪的小女孩站在门口.-ly［adv］：She told himtearfully what had happened.她流着泪告诉他出了什么事.

weepy/'wi:pi/[Wal] infml 1 tending to cry, or crying often 要哭的；爱哭的：She isn＇t very well and is feeling weepy．她因身体不适而想哭．2（ofa story,film, etc) as if intended to make one sad（指故事、电影等）易使人哭的；使人热泪盈眶的-pily ［adv］-piness［U］

Senses and sensations

官能与感觉

F260 verbs 动词：touching，feeling，and sensing 触觉、感情与感觉

touch /tatf/1 [IØ; T1] to be not separated (from) 接触；碰到；相碰：Stand so that your shoulders are touching.站紧一点，让肩挨着肩.Thebranches hung down and touched the water. 树枝低垂，碰到了水面．2［IØ；T1］to feel with apart of the body， esp the hands or fingers 触； 碰；摩；摸：Don＇t touch！ Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.不要碰！参观者请勿触摸图画．3 ［T1］ to strike lightly or quietly with the hand， finger， etc； press with slight force 轻拍；按；揿：You only need to touch the bell for it to ring．只要轻轻一按铃就会响．4［T1］ tohandle or have 碰；摸； 吃：Don＇t touch anything until the police come.警察来到之前不要碰任何东西.He swore he＇d never touch a drink again．他发誓说今后将滴酒不沾．5［T1］to eat ordrink a little of 吃一点；喝一点；尝一口：Youhaven't touched your food; I hope you're not ill．你一口东西也没吃；但愿你不是生病了．6［T1usu neg］ （fig） to compare with； be equal to达到；比得上：Your work will never touch her

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standard．你的工作永远达不到她的水准．7［T1］（esp of a ship） to reach （esp land）（尤指船）靠岸；到达：We touched land after three months at sea．在海上航行了三个月后我们终于靠了岸．8[Wv4; T1] (fig) to cause (someone or his heart） to feel pity， sympathy，etc 触动；感动： His sad story so touched my heart that I really wept．他那悲惨的经历真把我感动得哭了．9［X9usu pass］ to mark slightly with colour 略带某种颜色：She wore a blue dress touched with red. 她穿着一条略带点红的蓝色裙子：

feel/fi:l/[T1] to touch, handle, etc, esp with the fingers，esp for a purpose 触；摸···以感知：She felt the cloth to see how soft it was.她摸了摸布，看看它有多软.The dog felt the substance with its nose.狗用鼻子拱了拱那东西.

finger／＇fingə／［T1］ to touch with the fingers 用手指触摸；捻摸：She fingered the cloth to see what it was like.她用手指捻了捻那块布，看看它的质地怎样.

paw/po:/[T1] 1 to touch, esp with a paw or the hand in the shape of a paw（用脚爪等）搔；抓；扒 2 deprec to touch too much（指人）乱摸： ＇Stop pawing me！＇she told him.“别摸我！”她对他说.

tap /tæp/[T1; IØ (on)] to touch quickly and lightly 轻拍；轻叩；轻打；轻敲；轻踏：He tappedme on the shoulder.他拍了拍我的肩膀.Shetapped on the door.她轻轻地敲门.

sense/sens/ [T1] to be aware of through the senses，esp by touching 感觉；觉察；意识到：She sensed his anger although he was not looking at her.他虽然不是望着她，但她觉察到他在生气.Htis possible to sense heat through your clothes. 透过衣服可以感觉出热力.

handle/'hænd!/ [T1] to touch or feel with the hands（用手）触；碰；摸：＇Please do not handle the goods，＇said the shopkeeper.店主说：“请勿触摸商品.”

F261 nouns 名词： touching and sensing 触觉与感觉

[ALSO→F1]

touch/tatf/1[U]that sense by which a material object is felt and by which it is known to be hard，smooth，rough，etc 触觉2［C］the effect caused by touching something; way something feels 感觉；触摸而得到的感觉：the silky touch ofsoft smooth cloth 柔软光滑布料摸起来如丝绸般的手感3［C］ an act of touching 触；碰：Shefelt the touch of his hand.她感到他的手碰了她一下.4［C］ a way of touching 手法；技巧：He has a light touch．他做事总是轻手轻脚的．5［S］（fig）aslight attack， as of an illness 有点；少许（指病痛）：She has a touch of cold／fever.她有点感冒／ 发烧．6［C］a slight stroke or blow 轻轻一击：It was just a touch， nothing more.不过稍微碰着一点，没有什么了不起．7 ［C］ an addition ordetail that improves or completes something; slight added effort in finishing any piece of work 修饰；润色；点缀；最后加的一点东西：That

F261 SENSES ＆ SENSATIONS 官能与感觉

was a nice touch！那一笔加得恰到好处！I＇m justputting the finishing touches to (= adding the last details to） the cake.我在给蛋糕作最后的点缀．8 ［S9］ a special ability to do something needing skill， esp artistic work（尤指艺术作品） 功力；技能：Your recent work＇s been bad. I hope you＇re not losing your touch.你最近的作品很糟，希望你不是在丧失自己的风格．9［C］aperson＇s particular way of doing things 格调； 风格；特点：The wording of this letter bears her touch but is not written in her handwriting.信的措辞带有她的风格，但并非她的手笔．10［C］（fig）a slight amount of some quality or sub-stance 少许；一点：This soup could do with a touch more salt.汤里可再加点盐.She spoke with a touch of disrespect in her voice.她说话时带有一点不尊重的口气．11［U］ connection soas to receive information 接触；联系：I＇m trying to get in touch with my brother.我正设法与弟弟取得联系．in／out of touch（with）． 1 regu-larly/not regularly exchanging news and infor-mation（与···）保持／失去联系：Are you still in touch with your parents？你和你的父母还保持联系吗？Please write； it would be nice to keep in touch．请来信；希望保持联系．2 having／nothaving information about something（对某事） 熟悉／不熟悉：I would like to go back to teach-ing but I'm out of touch with my subject now. 我想回去教书，但是我对自己的本行已经生疏了.lose touch to stop exchanging news and information 失去联系：If we write regularly we won＇t lose touch.如果我们经常通信，就不会失去联系.to the touch when felt 摸起来：It＇s cold to the touch.那东西摸上去冷冰冰的.touch andgo 1 a delicate state of affairs；uncertain 微妙的；无把握的：It was touch and go whether we＇d win or not． 很难说我们是否会赢．2 a narrowescape 死里逃生：I was very lucky. It was touch and go.我很走运，真是死里逃生.

contact/'kontækt/1 [U] the condition of meet-ing， touching， or coming together with 接触： body contact 身体接触2［U］relationship； con-nection 联系；联络：The tribe had no contact with the outside world for centuries.这个部落与世隔绝已有好几百年了.Have you been incontact with your sister recently？最近你和你妹妹有联系吗？That poor madman has lost all contact with reality.那个可怜的疯子已经完全和现实脱节了．3［C］ infml a social，professional， or business connection; a person one knows in a position to be of help to one 社会联系；业务联系；（可以帮忙的）熟人：Her contacts in thegovernment warned her that she ought to leave the country.她在政府里的熟人警告她应该离开那个国家.make contact to get in touch， esp after much effort 取得联系；接触：Our generals have made contact with the enemy. 我方将领已与敌人接触.

tap/tæp/[C] (the sound of) a quick light touch 轻拍；轻敲；轻打；轻拍声；轻敲声：I felt a tap onthe shoulder.我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀.Therewas a tap on the door.有人敲门.

senses /'sensiz/ 1 [(the) P] the five natural powers (sight, hearing, feeling, tasting, and

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F262 SENSES ＆ SENSATIONS 官能与感觉

smelling) which give a person or animal infor-mation about the outside world 五官的感觉机能；官能（视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉和嗅觉）：Foodand wine are pleasures of the senses.吃喝是官能上的享受．2［B］one＇s powers of （reasonable） thinking 理智；理性：Are you mad？ Have you taken leave of／lost your senses？你疯了吗？你失去理智了吗？Are you out of your senses？你发疯了吗？Perhaps losing his job will bring this lazy boy to his senses.可能失业会使这个懒孩子醒悟过来.She felt faint in the hot room，but the fresh air made her come to her senses again.在闷热的房间里她感到头晕，但是新鲜空气又使她清醒过来了．sensational ［Wa5；B］tech of or relating to the senses 感觉（上）的；知觉（上）的

F262 adjectives 形容词：touching and sensing［B］接触的与感觉的

sensory/'sensəri/ [Wa5] of,from,or concern-ing the bodily senses and their use 感官的；知觉器官的；感觉的：Sensory information is carried to the brain by sensory nerves.感觉信息通过知觉神经传导到大脑.

sensual /'senfuəl/1 lit & usu deprec interested in,related to, or giving pleasure to one's own body，such as by sex，food，and drink 肉欲的； 耽于官能享乐的；喜爱声色口腹之欲的：He enjoyssensual things．他耽于声色犬马．2［Wa5］of or seen，felt，etc by the senses 肉体（上）的；感官（上）的-ly［adv］-ity［U］

sensuous /'senfuəs/ lit being, of, concerning, causing, interested in, etc feelings, esp of pleasure，by the senses 感觉的；感官的；引起美感的：The cat stretched itself with sensuous pleasure.猫儿舒服地伸了伸懒腰.-ly［adv］-ness [U]

tactile /'tæktarl/[Wa5] that can be felt by touch； experienced by touch 触觉的；能触觉的： It was a tactile sensation.这是一种触觉.

contiguous/kən'tigjuəs/ [Wa5 (to, with)] tech & fml 1 touching; next (to); having a common border 互相接触着的；邻接的；相邻的；共边的：England is the only country contiguous to/ with Wales．英格兰是唯一与威尔士接壤的地方．2next or near in time or order（在时间或次序上）连接的；连续（发生）的：Were these eventscontiguous？这些事件是接连发生的吗？-ly［adv］

tangible /'tænd3əbəl/ [Wa5] 1 that can be felt by touch 可触知的2 clear and certain；real； not imaginary 确实的；实在的；明确的：There are notangible reasons for thinking him guilty. 没有确实的理由可以认为他有罪，in-［neg］-bly ［advWa3]-bility [U]

palpable /'pælpəbal/ [Wa2] that can be touched or felt; easily and clearly known by the senses or the mind 触摸得到的；容易感觉得到的；显而易见的：He told us a palpable lie.他对我们讲了一个露骨的谎言：The silence in thehouse was almost palpable.屋里静极了.im-[neg]-bly [adv Wa3]

numb/nam/[Wal] not able to feel anything (or to move）麻木的；失去感觉的：He felt numb withcold／fear.他冻僵了／吓呆了.-ly ［adv］：She listened numbly to the bad news.她神情麻木地听着那坏消息.-ness［U］

audible／＇o：dəbəl／ tech able to be heard 听得见的：The sounds were clearly audible.声音清晰可闻.in-［neg］-bility［U］

auditory/'o:dətəri/[Wa5] tech of, by, or for hearing 听觉的：She had auditory difficulties for which an ear operation was necessary.她有听觉障碍，必须动耳部手术.The animal haddamaged auditory apparatus.那动物的听觉器官受到了损伤.

F263 verbs 动词：seeing and looking 看见与看

see/si:/1[Wv6;IØ] to use the eyes;have or use the power of sight 看；瞧；看见：See！ Here comes the train.瞧！火车来了.It was so dark he could hardly see（to do his work）.太黑了， 他（做工作）儿乎看不清了.He doesn＇t see verywell in his right eye.他的右眼视力不太好.Sheclaims to see into the future (= know what is to happen）．她自称能预见未来．2［Wv6；T1,5a， 6a;V2,3(fml & only pass),4,8] to look at; get sight of; notice, examine, or recognize by looking 看见；注意到；细看；认出：I looked forher but I couldn＇t see her in the crowd.我在人群中找过她，但是没看见.I saw the train come／coming into the station.我看见火车进站.Can you see what＇s going on over there？你能看见那里在发生什么事吗？Let me see your ticket，please.请让我看一下你的票.（fml）The prisoner was seen to take the money. 有人看见这囚犯拿了钱.I could see （that） my friend needed my help.我看得出我的朋友需要我帮忙.I saw thewhole accident with my own eyes.我亲眼看到事故的全部经过.I saw the man knocked downand the driver driving away.我看见那个人被撞倒，接着驾车的人开车跑了．3［Wv6；IØ；T1,5a，b，6a］ to understand or recognize 明白；领悟；得悉； 知道：Do you see what I mean？-Yes，now I see.你明白我的意思吗？-是的，现在我明白了.Isee in the paper.(that) the government lost a vote in Parliament.我从报纸上得知政府在议会的一次表决中输了.Try to see the matter my way.试从我的角度来看这问题.When seen in the lightof your arguments，the question is simple.从你的论点来看，问题很简单．4［IØ；T6a，b］to（tryto） find out or determine 看看；查看；考虑： Will you see if you can repair my car？请你看看能否修好我的汽车？I＇ll see what I can do／see what the trouble is.我来看看我能做些什么／是什么毛病.I'm not sure if I can lend you that much money；I＇ll have to see.我不能肯定是否能借那么多钱给你；我得想想再说．5［Wv6；T5a］ to makesure；take care 设法使；务必使：See that you＇re ready at．8 o＇clock． 你务必在八点钟准备好．Ipromise to see that the job is done on time.我答应设法准时完成那件工作．6［Wv6；T1,4；V4,8］

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not fml to form a picture in the mind of; imagine 设想；想象：I can＇t see（myself）lending her money, can you see her ever paying it back？我不能想象（自己）会借钱给她，你能设想她有还回给我的时候吗？I can see a great futurefor you in music.我可以想象你在音乐方面有远大前程.Can you see him bent over a desk study-ing？你能想象他会伏案学习吗？I admit it＇s hardto see．我承认这是很难想象的．7［Wv6；T1,4；usu neg］ not fml to be ir. favour of 赞成：I put my opinion to the chairman but he couldn't see it．我把意见告诉主席，但是他不赞成．8［Wv6；T1] lit to be an occasion of (an event or course in history）是（某事）发生的时候：The 5th century saw the end of the Roman Empire in the West．西方的罗马帝国亡于公元五世纪．9［Wv6； T1］ to have experience of 经历过 遭遇到：You and I have seen some good times to-gether.我和你曾一起经历过一段美好时光.Thisold house has seen better days; now it's in bad repair.这幢旧房子经历过风光日子，但现在已经年久失修了.（infml）I don＇t know her age for sure, but she'll never see 40 again (=she's older than 40）．我不知道她的确切年龄，但是绝不会小于四十岁：Í thoughi I＇d never see the day when such a thing could happen.我原以为我永远也无法活着看到发生这种事情．10［T1］to visit，call upon，or meet with 拜访；会见；约见：The doctor can't see you yet; he's seeing someone else at the moment.医生现在不能见你，他在看另一个人.Mrs Johnson， may I see you a moment，please？约翰逊太太，我可以打扰你一会儿吗？11［X9］ to go with 陪送；送：Someone ought to see the old lady safely home.应该有人护送那位老太太回家.Please see this trouble-some fellow out of the office and tell him not to come back.请将这个讨厌的家伙送出办公室，并叫他不要再来了.let me see （used for ex-pressing a pause for thought）我想想看（表示要停下来想一想）：Do you recognize this music？-Let me see..Yes，now I do.你听得出这乐曲吗？--让我想想看.对了，我知道了.see here usupomp (used to express warning or disap-proval）（表示警告或不赞成）：See here，boys，you mustn＇t ever do that again.喂喂，孩子们，不许再这样做了．seeing is believing infml 1 I＇ll believe it when I see it， and not before.眼见为实；看见了我才相信 2 Now I＇ve seen it，so Ibelieve it.现在我见到了，我就信了.see some-thing in someone infml to like or be fond of someone 喜欢某人：I wonder why she fell in love with him; I'll never know what she sees in him.我不知道她为什么会爱上他，我永远不会明白她看上他哪一点.see nothing／little／a lot of someone infml to see or be in company with a person never／seldom／often，etc 没有／很少／常常见到某人：Where＇s John？ I＇ve seen nothing of him all week.约翰在哪里？我整个星期都没有看见他.They＇re good friends and see a lot of one another.他们是好朋友而且常常见面.you see notfml (used with rather weak meaning in explanations）（说明时用，语气较弱）你瞧；你是知道的：Why are you so late？-Well，you see，the bus broke down.你怎么来得这么晚？-你瞧，是

F263 SENSES ＆ SENSATIONS 官能与感觉

这么回事，公共汽车抛锚了.see things not fml tothink that one sees something that is not there 产生幻觉（觉得所看见的东西是虚幻的）：Imust be seeing things: I can't believe the neighbours have got a new car！我一定在做梦： 我简直不能相信邻居会有一辆新车！so I see whatyou say is already clear or easy to see 不言而喻：I＇m afraid I＇m a bit late.-So I see.恐怕我来迟了一点.-是这样呀.

sight／sait／［T1］ to see， esp for the first time（尤指初次）看到；发现：The men in the boat sighted land.船上的人看到了陆地.She finally sighted her husband on the other side of the crowded room.她最后在拥挤的房间的另一边发现了她的丈夫. Several rare birds have been sighted in this area.这个地区发现了几只罕见的鸟.

spot /sppt/ [T1] 1 to see (someone or some-thing) quickly or suddenly, esp as one among many, or in a place where things are difficult to see（尤指在难以看见的环境中）认出；发现：Shespotted him immediately among the people in the railway station, because he was wearing his yellow hat.她立刻在火车站的人群中认出了他，因为他戴着黄色的帽子．2 to guess or choose 猜出；挑出：Can you spot the winner of the next race？你能猜出下次赛跑谁能胜出吗？

look/luk/ 1 [IØ (at)] to give attention to in seeing 看；注意看：He went to look at the baby. 他去看婴儿了.We looked at him running.我们看着他跑.You could see it if you＇d only look. 你只要望一望就能看见的．2［L（to be） 1,7］ toseem from how someone or something is seen 显得；好像：You look ill.你看上去有病.Helooked tired.他显得很疲倦 Things are looking better now；they are looking up.情况看来好些了；在好转.Judging by her letter，she looks to be the best person for this job.从她的信看来，她好像是这工作的最佳人选.You look good in thatdress．你穿上那件衣服很漂亮．3［T1］to expresswith the eyes 用眼色表示 She said nothing but she looked all interest.她什么也没说，但是眼神中流露出很感兴趣的表情．4［L9］to turn the eyesand see in a certain direction（向某个方向查） 看：Look round the cornerlover the wall.（查） 看一下那个角落／墙外.

regard ／ri＇ga：d／ ［T1］ fml to look at 看：She regarded him thoughtfully.她若有所思地看着他. face/feis/[T1; L9]1 to look towards (a particu-lar direction) because one's face and body are ＇turned that way 面向；面对：They faced east.他们面向东方.He faced towards the rising sun.他面向正在升起的太阳．2（of a building，etc） tohave the front built so as to be towards (a particular direction）（指建筑物等）朝着；向着： The house faces south／the sea.那所房子朝南／ 海.

watch /wptf/ 1 [T1; V2,4;IØ] to look at (some activity, amusement, or event) usu while sitting or standing 观看：Do you often watch television？你常看电视吗？They watched the games while sitting under the trees.他们坐在树下观看比赛．2［T1］ to keep one＇s eyes fixed on （someone or something） 注视：She watched the train till it disappeared from sight.她注视

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着火车，直到它从视野中消失．3［T1,3］to look

for； to expect and wait （for） 找；等待：She

watched her chancelher moment to cross the

street．她找机会过马路．4［T1,5］to take care of，

be careful with， or pay attention to 照料；留心；

注意：I＇ll watch the baby while you are away.

你外出时我来看婴儿.You＇d better watch Smith；

I think he＇s a thief.你最好留心史密斯，我看他是

个贼.Watch that the milk doesn＇t boil over.看

着牛奶，别烧得溢出来喽．5［T1,6a，b；V2,4］to

attend carefully to (someone or someone's

action）注意；留心观察（某人或其动作）：Watch

him jumpldoing it. 看他跳／做这件事.Watch

how to do this.注意看这事是怎么做的.Watch

what I do， then do the same.留心观察我怎么做，

然后照着做.watcher［C］a person who watches

观看者；注视者；看守；守夜人；看护人

scan /skæn/ [T1] 1 to look at quickly without careful reading 草草翻阅；浏览：He scanned the pages of the book to see what it was about.他大略地翻了翻这本书以了解其内容．2 to look at orexamine fully or closely，esp in search 仔细察看；审视：She scanned the doctor＇s face for a sign of hope.她仔细观察医生的神色，看看是否有希望的迹象.They scanned the sky for.enemy aeroplanes.他们向天空四处张望，看看是否有敌机.observe/əb'z3:v/1 [T1; V4] to see and notice; watch carefully 观察；观测；看到：She has ob-served the stars all her life.她毕生从事星象观察.They were observed entering the bank at 8.32. 有人看到他们在八点三十二分走进银行．2［T1］ toact in accordance with law or custom 遵守（法律或习俗）：Does everyone observe the speed limits in your country？在贵国是否人人都遵守车速限制？observer［C］a person who observes 观测员；观察员 observation 1［U］ the act of ob-serving 观察（指行动）2 ［C］ an example of this 观察（指事例）：He made his observations of the animals from the top ofa tree.他是从树上观察那些动物的.

view /vju:/1 [T1] esp tech to examine;look at thoroughly 看；查看；检视； 察看： Several possible buyers are coming to view the house.几个想买房子的人将要来看房屋．2［X9］ to consider，regard， or think about 看作；认为：He viewed his son's lawless behaviour as an attack on himself.他把儿子无法无天的行为看作是对自己的攻击．3［T1；Iø］ to watch （esp television）观看（尤指电视节目）：What.are you viewing tonight？ 今晚你们看什么电视节目？viewer［C］ a personwho views（esp television）（尤指电视）观看者

notice /'nəutis/ [Wv6; IØ; T1, 5a, b, 6a, b; V2, 4] to pay attention (to) with the eyes, other senses，or mind 注意到；觉察到；留心到：She waswearing a new dress, but he didn't even notice （it）.她穿了一件新连衣裙，但是他根本没有注意到.Did you notice me leave／leaving the house？你注意到我离开屋子吗？It＇s good to notice thatthe price has gone down.-Yes, so I've no-ticed.很高兴看到价格下跌了.-是啊，我也注意到了.

note/nəut/1 [T1, 5, 6a, b] to pay attention to and remember 注意并记住：Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days．请注意帐

单必须在十天内付清．2［T1,5,6a］ to recognize；observe 注意到；看到：You may have noted that my address has changed.你也许已经注意到我的地址更改了．3［T1,5,6a］ to call attention to； make known；show 指出；说明：In her speech she first noted the importance of the oc-casion.在她的演说中，她首先指出这次活动的重要性.The newspapers failed to note what hap-pened next.报纸没有说明接着发生了什么事.

witness/'witnis/1 [T1] to be a witness [→C207] of；（esp lit） to see 目睹；目击：He witnessed the accident himself； he saw it all.他亲眼目睹了那次事故；他看到了全部经过．2［L9］ to serve as awitness 作证；证明：Several people witnessed against her．好几个人作了对她不利的证言．3［IØ；T] to show by one's signature [→G141] that the proper person has signed (his name, a paper，etc）签名作证；作（协议、遗嘱等的）连署人：I＇ll sign and you witness，please.我签名，请你在旁连署.Will you witness my signature， please？请在我的签名旁连署.

glimpse/glimps/ [T1] to have a passing view of 瞥见：I glimpsed her among the crowd， then she disappeared from sight.我在人群中瞥见她， 后来她就不见了.

glance／gla：ns／1 ［L9］ to give a rapid look 匆匆一看；瞥视：He glanced at his watch.他看了看手表.I glanced round the room before I left.我扫视一下房间后才离开.She glanced down thelist of names.她匆匆把名单从上至下看了一遍.She glanced through the library book.她浏览了图书馆那本藏书.He glanced over the report.他把报告匆匆看了一遍.（fig）In his book he onlyglances at the difficulties of the new govern-ment before passing on to the history of the country.他在书中只约略提到新政府面临的困难，就过渡到这个国家的历史了．2［IØ］（of brightsurfaces） to flash as light falls on it／them（指明亮的物体表面在光线映照下）闪耀；闪烁；发光：Theglasses glanced in the firelight.眼镜被火光映照得闪闪发光.

sightsee/'sart,si:/ [IØ] to go about, as on holi-day，visiting places of interest 游览；参观（esp in the phr go sightseeing 游览；观光）sight-seer ［C］ a person who goes sightseeing 游览者； 参观者

eye /ai/[T1 (up and down)] sometimes deprec to look at someone,esp carefully or for a long time，esp for a reason（小心地或长时间地）看；打量；注视：He eyed the man thoughtfully.他若有所思地打量那人.She eyed him up and downand asked him what he wanted.她将那人从上到下打量了一番，然后问他想要些什么？Stopeyeing me like that！别那样盯着我看！

peer/prə/ [L9] to look very carefully or search-ingly， esp as if not able to see well 盯着看；凝视：She peered through the mist， trying to find the right path.她在雾中凝视着，想找到她该走的路径.He peered at me over the top of his glasses.他从眼镜的上方盯着我.

stare/steə/ [IØ (at)] to look, esp for a long time at (something or someone), esp with very wide-open eyes 瞪着眼看；盯着看；凝视：Shestared at him in surprise.她惊奇地瞪着眼看他.

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He was staring out to sea.他凝视着大海.She looked at him with strange staring eyes.她以奇异的眼神瞪着眼看他.

gaze/geiz/[IØ (at)] to look, esp for a long time over esp a wide distance, esp with great in-terest，etc（满怀兴趣地、长时间地）注视；远眺：Hegazed at her beauty.他久久地注视着她的美貌.The children were gazing at the toys.孩子们盯着那些玩具.

gape/geip/[IØ (at)] to look at (something or someone） with one＇s mouth open 张着嘴呆看： He gaped at her in surprise.他吃惊地张着嘴看着她.Don＇t just stand there gaping； do some-thing！别站在那里呆呆地看着；动动手吧！

behold /br'həuld/ [T1] old use, lit, fml & pomp to see 瞧；看见：Behold，the King comes！瞧呀， 国王驾到！He beheld a terrible sight.他看到了一个可怕的景象.（humor） Lo and behold， she came in through the window！看吧，她从窗子进来了！

F264 nouns 名词：seeing and noticing 看见与注意到

sight／sait／1［U］ also 又作 eyesight the sense of seeing； the power of the eye 视觉；视力：He had his sighi tested by a doctor.他让医生检验了视力．She has good sight for a woman of 80． 以八十岁的妇女而言，她的视力很好．2［U；S］theseeing of something 看；观看：The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.群众等着观看女王经过.The house is hidden fromsight behind some trees.那屋子被一些树遮住看不见了.He felt faint at the sight of blood.他一看到血就头晕.at first sight at the first time of seeing or considering 一见就；乍看起来：They fell in love when they first met; it was love at first sight.他们初次见面就爱上了；这真是一见钟情.At first sight the difficulty looks greater than it really is.乍看起来，困难似乎比实际情况要大一些.at／om sight as soon as seen or pre-sented；without delay 一看见就：The guard had orders to shoot on sight (= without find-ing out who was there）．卫兵奉命见人就开枪．1can't sing this hard music at sight; I'll need practice.这样困难的乐谱我不能看一眼便唱出来，得先练习．in sight 1 in view 看得见：The carremained in sight until it turned the corner.汽车一直到街口转了弯才看不见了．2 within a littleof being reached；near 可望；可期；临近：Peace was in sight at last after 2 years of war．经过了两年的战争，和平终于在望.in the sight of lit inthe judgment or opinion of 从···（眼光）来看： 'Do those things that are pleasing in his sight' （The Bible）.“行他所喜悦的事”《圣经》.punish-able in the sight of the law 从法律角度来看那是应受到处罚的 know someone by sight torecognize someone without knowing him personally or without knowing his name 和某人面熟（并不相识或不知其名）lose sight of 1 tocease to see 不再看见：He lost sight of his friend in the crowd.他在人群中看不见他的朋友

F264 SENSES ＆ SENSATIONS 官能与感觉

了．2 to cease to get news about； lose touch with 与···失去了联系：She lost sight of her school friends over the years.随着岁月的流逝， 她逐渐与她的同学们失去了联系．3 to forget；failto consider 忘记；不考虑：In the heat of the argument we mustn't lose sight of our main purpose.在激烈的争论中我们不可忘掉我们的主要目标．out of sight 1 out of the range of being seen 看不见；在视野之外：Stay out of sight；shemustn＇t see us．躲起来，不能让她看见我们．2infml very high， great， etc 很高；很大：The chairman said that labour costs had gone out of sight in the past year.主席说，过去一年劳工成本提高得太多了．3 sl very good；wonderful 好到了极点；太好了：A party？ That would be out of sight！ I＇d love it.来个聚会吗？好极了！我最喜欢聚会.sight unseen without a chance for seeing or examining 事先没看见实物就···：You can't expect anyone to buy a car sight unseen. 你总不能指望别人连看也不看就买一辆汽车吧？

vision／＇vi3ən／ ［U］ 1 （the） ability to see 视力： I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect.我的眼睛已经过检查；检验报告说我的视力完全正常.The windows ofthe car gave the driver good vision all round. 汽车的车窗使驾车者能看清周围．2（fig） apprecpower of imaginative thought and expression; wisdom in understanding the true meaning of facts，esp with regard to the future 眼光；远见； 想象力；洞察力：The new director worked hard but he lacked vision.新厂长工作努力，但缺乏眼光.We need a man of vision as our president. 我们需要一个有远见的人当主席.

notice ／＇nəutis／ 1 ［U］ attention 注意：His writings brought him into public notice.他的文章引起公众的注意.Local events are beneath the notice of the largest newspapers.地方性的事件不受大报注目.Don＇t take any notice（＝pay any attention） to what he says.别管他的话.Take particular notice of (= pay close attention to) the road signs．要特别注意路标．2［C］a usu short written statement of information or di-rections to the public 启事；通告；布告；广告：He sold the car by putting a notice in the news-paper.他在报上登了一则广告把汽车卖了.Thenotice on the wall says ＇No smoking＇.墙上的告示写着“不准吸烟”．3［C often pl］ a statement of opinion, as in a newspaper, about a new book，play，etc 评介；评论文章（如报纸上对新书、新剧的评论）：The new play got mixed notices (= some good, some bad) after its first night. 新剧首演后得到的评价好坏不一．4［U］a warningor information about something that will happen 警告；通知；预告：（fml）These rules are subject to （＝may） change without notice.这些规则可随时更改，不另行通知.Can you be readyat 10 minutes' noticelat short notice? (= if I tell you only 10 minutes/a short time before). 在接到通知后的十分钟内／短时间内你能作好准备吗？b formal warning of the end of living or working in a place（解除租约、解雇等的）正式通知：The company gave notice to 10 workers／ gave 10 workers their notice．公司向十名工人发出了解雇通知.I gave the company／the owner of

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F265 SENSES ＆ SENSATIONS 官能与感觉

the flat my notice (= said I planned to leave). 我正式通知公司我要辞职／房东我要退租.Theywanted three weeks＇ notice before I left.他们要我在离开前三星期通知他们.sit up and takenotice infml to (be made to) pay attention or show respect 注意；表示敬意；引起注意：My newbook will make the world sit up and take notice！我的新书会引起全世界的注意！untilfurther notice fml from now until another change might be made 在另行通知以前：Thisoffice will close at 5 o'clock from May 1 until further notice.本办公室自五月一日起五时停止办公，如有改动另行通知.

F265 nouns 名词：looking and scanning，

etc 看、搜索等

look ／luk／ ［C］ usu infml 1 an act of looking 看： Take a look at this. 看一看这个.He had agood look at the picture．他仔细地看那张画．2the way someone or something seems when seen；appearance 样子；外表：I like the look of him.我喜欢他的长相.I like his looks.我喜欢他的相貌.

sight／sait／1［C］something that is seen 景象；情景：What a beautiful sight those roses make！ 这些玫瑰构成多么美丽的景象啊！She saw thefamiliar sight of the postman going along the street．她看到邮差沿街送信的熟悉情景．2［U］presence in one's view; the range of what can be seen 视域；视野；眼界：She＇s too careful with her children, never letting them out of her sight.她对自己的孩子过于小心，一刻也不让他们离开她的视线.The boat was within sight of land. 那艘船已到了看得见陆地的水域了.The traincame in（to） sight.看见火车来了.Get out of my sight and don＇t come backl滚开，别让我看见你，以后也别再回来！

sighting ／＇saitir／ ［C］ act of seeing or sighting 看见：There have been several sightings of enemy ships／those rare birds.已经数次发现敌舰／那些珍禽了.

scan /skæn/ [S] an act of scanning, esp a searching look 扫视；浏览；细看；审视； 搜索：Theydid a quick scan of the area, looking for the enemy.他们迅速搜索了这个地区，寻找敌人.

view /vju:/1 [U] ability (esp of the person or thing stated) to see or be seen from a particu-lar place；sight 视力；视野；视域：My view of the stage was blocked by the big hat of the woman sitting in front of me.坐在我前面那位女士的大帽子挡住了我的视线，使我看不见舞台.Thecar turned the corner and was lost to our view/passed out of view (= could not be seen any more）.汽车拐了个弯就从我们的视野消失了.The valley was hidden from view in the mist. 山谷消失在雾中.When we reached the top ofthe mountain, we came in view of (= were able to see）a wide plain below.我们到达山顶时，看见山下一片广阔的平原.A wide plain cameinto view （＝ was able to be seen）.一片广阔的平原展现在眼前.He fell off his horse in full view

of his friends (= seen by all and himself able to see all of them）.他在众目睽睽下从马背上摔了下来.There was no shelter within view （＝ that could be seen） anywhere.举目四望不见可栖身之处．2［C （of）］ a something seen from a par-ticular place, esp a stretch of pleasant country 风景；风光；景色；看见的事物：One splendidmountain view followed another during our journey.旅途中一幕幕壮丽的山景映入我们的眼帘.There's no view from my bedroom window except of some factory chimneys.从我卧室的窗口望去，除几座工厂的烟囱外什么景色都看不见.bapicture or photograph of a piece of scenery,a building，etc 风景画；风景照片：This artist has painted many views of the rocky west coast. 那位艺术家画了许多幅岩石嶙峋的西海岸风景画．3[S (of)] a special chance to see or examine someone or something 看见：Have you ever had a close view of the princess？你从近处看见过公主吗？If we stand at this window， we＇ll get a better view （of the procession）.我们站在这扇窗前可以（把游行队伍）看得更清楚．4［C（of）ususing] (fig) a general consideration of a matter in all its details 概念；总的估计：We need a fresh view of the whole affair before we decide.在决定之前，我们必须对整个事件有个新的概念.Thelawyer hasn't yet formed a clear view of the case.律师对这宗案件还没有形成一个清楚的概念.5 [C (about, on)] (fig) a personal opinion, belief，idea，etc about something（个人的）见解；信念；观点；看法：In my view，he＇s a fool.照我看，他是个傻瓜.He has strong views about the evils of playing cards.他强烈地认为玩纸牌有害.What are your views on university edu-cation？你对大学教育有什么看法？

glimpse/glimps/ [C] 1 a quick look at or in-complete view of 看一眼；一瞥；瞥见（esp in the phr get／catch a glimpse 瞥见）： I only caught a glimpse of the parcel, so I can't guess what was inside it.那个包裹我只看了一眼，所以猜不出里面是什么．2（fig） a moment of understanding 忽然明白：When Í saw how worried he was I had a glimpse of his true feelings.看到他忧心忡忡的样子，我恍然明白了他内心的真实感受.

glance／gla：ns／［C］1 a rapid look 匆匆一看；一瞥： One glance at his face told me he was ill.一看他脸色我就知道他病了.He took a glanceoutside at the weather.他朝室外看了看天气的情况．2 a rapid movement of the eyes 看一眼：He gave her an admiring glance.他向她投以爱慕的目光.He saw what was happening at a glance. 他一眼就看出正在发生什么事.

F266 nouns 名词：sights and visions ［C］ 景象与幻象

sight /sait/ 1 [often pl] something special, unusual， etc that is seen 风景；景物；景象：What a fine sight these mountains are！这些山多美啊！The tourists went to see the sights of London.那些旅游者去观赏伦敦的风光.They hada tour of the main sights.他们参观了主要的名

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