in order， one by one or by groups（按顺序）数； 点：The child counted up to 100．那小孩一直数到一百.He＇s only three （years old） but he can already count to 20．他才三岁，但已能数到二十．Don＇t talk to me；I＇m counting.别跟我说话，我在点数．2［Wv6；T1］ to say or name the numbers in regular order up to and including （a particular point） 数到：Count 20 and then come and find me．数到二十，然后来找我．3［T1，6] to say or name one by one in order to find the whole number in a collection 数出（总数）： Count the apples in this box.数一下这箱子里的苹果.Count how many people there are in this room.数一下有多少人在这房间里.Have thevotes been counted？选票有没有点算出结果来？4［T1］ to total； add up 数出总数；加起来：Remem-ber to count your change before leaving the shop．离开商店前记住要数清找给你的零钱．5［T1］to include 包括：There were five people there， counting me.那儿共有五个人，算我在内.

add/æd/1 [T1 (to, together, up); IØ] to join (numbers,amounts, etc) so as to find the total 加起来：If you add 5 and／to 3 you get 8.5加3得8．We added the numbers together／up and got 8．我们把数字加起来，答案是8．My youngdaughter has already learnt to add.我的小女儿已学会做加法．2［T1（to）］ to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size，importance，etc 加上；添上：The fire is going out； add some wood.火快熄了，加点木柴吧.He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了些木柴使火旺起来.He added the wood tothe fire.他往火里加木柴.The general added 10,000 men to his army．将军在他的军队里增加了一万名士兵.I should like to add a few wordsto what my friend has just said.我想对我朋友刚才说的话再补充几句.

total ／＇təutəl／ ［T1］ 1 to add，esp together 把···加起来；计算···的总数：Please total these numbers. 请把这些数字加起来．2 add up to 合计；总计：Wehave sales totalling over £l million.我们的销售总额已超过一百万英镑.

tot up ［v adv T1］ infml to add （up） 加（起来）： Just tot up these numbers for me，please.请帮我把这些数字加起来.All the numbers weretotted up.所有的数字都加起来了：

reckon /'rekən/ [T1 (up)] to calculate; to add up（an amount，cost，etc）计算；加起来：My pay is reckoned from the first of the month.我的薪水从每个月的第一日算起.Can you reckon upthese figures for me？你能帮我把这些数字加一下吗？

number/'nambə/1 [Wv6; L1,9] to reach as a total；be...in number 总数达到；数以···计：The books in the library number 5,065/in the thou-sands．这个图书馆的藏书总数达5,065册／数以千计．2 ［X9； L9］ to include or be included；count （被）认为；算作：He is numbered among the best writers in the USA.他被认为是美国最佳作家之一.I＇m glad to number him with my friends and not my enemies.我很高兴把他算作朋友，而非敌人．3［Wv4,5；T1；X1,9 often pass］ to give a number to 给···编号：Number the question（from）1 to 10．把问题从一到十编号．

J33 MATHEMATICS 数学

What numbering system shall we use？我们将采用什么编码系统？There are two pagesnumbered 16 in this book； that＇s a mistake．这本书的页码弄错了，有两个16页．4［T1］poet tofind the number of；count-算出···的数目；数： Who can number the stars？谁能数得清有多少星星？

tally /'tæli/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) agree or be equal（使）相等；相符：Your figures and mine don＇t tally； we＇d better add them up again.你的数字与我的不符，我们最好再加一遍.Yourfigures don＇t tally with mine.你的数字跟我的不相符.（fig）We must tally our stories exactly if they are to believe us.要想让他们相信我们，我们的说法非一致不可.

up／Ap／［adv］ emph fully 完全；全部：Add these numbers（up）.把这些数字（都）加起来.Count up to a hundred.一直数到一百.She reckoned up the cost of the holiday.她把度假的费用计算出来了.

J32 verbs 动词：subtracting numbers 减去数目

[ALSO→ J109 DEDUCT, TAKE OFF]

subtract/səb'trækt/[T1(from)] to take (a part or amount） from something larger 减；减去： Subtract 10 and add 2； what is your result？减10加2，答案是多少？He subtracted 10 from 30and got 20．他从30中减去10，余数是20．Pleasesubtract a quarter of the money for your own use.请留下四分之一的钱归你自己用.

take away ［v adv T1］ not fml to subtract 减；减去：Take away 10 and add 2； what do you get？ 减10加2，答案是多少？He took 10 away from 30and got 20．他从30减去10，得数是20．

take...from [v prep] not fml to subtract from 从···减去：Take 10 from 30 and you get 20.30 减10得20．

J33 verbs 动词： multiplying and dividing 乘与除

multiply /'maltə,plar/ 1 [T1 (by, together)] to increase by the same amount a certain number of times 乘；使相乘：If you multiply 2 by 3，you get 6．你把2乘以3，便会得6.2 multi-plied by 3 is 6． 2乘以3得6． Multiply the numbers（together）．把这些数字相乘．2［T1；IØ］ （fig） to increase 增加：Doing this will multiply your chances of success.这样做会增加你成功的可能性.

square /skweə/ [T1 usu pass] to multiply (a number） by itself once 使自乘；使平方：Square the numbers．把这些数字自乘．What is 6squared（62）？六的平方是多少？

divide /də'vard/ [D1 by/into; T;IØ] to find out how many times (one number) contains or is contained in (another number) as shown in the following expressions 除；使相除：Divide 15

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by 3，and you get 5.15除以3等于5.15 divided by 3 is 5.15被3除等于5．If you divide 3 by 15，the answer is 1／5．你把3除以15，答案是1／5.3divided by 15 is 1／5.3被15除等于1／5．Divide 3 into 15.3除15.3 divides into 15 5 times．15所含3的倍数是5．Now you know how to divide． 现在你会做除法了．divisible［Wa5；B（by）］able to be divided 可除尽的 in-［neg］-bly ［adv Wa3]-bility [U]

J34 verbs，etc 动词等：calculating and computing 计算

[ALSO → J143 VALUING,etc]

calculate /'kælkjuleit/1 [Wv4; T1, 5a, 6a] to work out or find out (something) by using numbers 计算；算出：Have you calculated the result？你是否已计算出结果？I calculated that we would arrive at 6：00 p．m．按我的计算，我们可以在下午六点正到达.The scientist could notcalculate when the spaceship would reach the moon.科学家算不出宇宙飞船何时到达月球.Thenew calculating instrument is very simple but quick to use.这架新的计算器很简单，但用起来很快．2 ［T1,5a，6a，b；IØ］ to work out by using one＇s judgment； estimate 预测；估计：Did she calculate the cost？ 她有没有估计过费用？Yes，she calculated that it would cost £100．估计过。她估计要花费一百英镑.I＇ll calculate what it willcost.我会估计一下费用的.Have you finishedcalculating yet？你估算完了吗？3［Wv5；T1,5a， 6a， b］ to plan；intend 计划；打算：That was a calculated threat； she meant to annoy you.那是有意威胁，她存心惹恼你.calculator［C］amachine which makes calculations easier and faster 计算器

figure /'figə/[Iø] infml becoming rare to do sums 做算术：She leart to read and write and figure.她学会读书、写字和做算术.

compute /kəm'pju:t/ [T; IØ] to calculate (a result， answer， sum， etc） 计算：The scientists correctly computed the speed of the spaceship as being 30,000 miles an hour．科学家们正确地计算出宇宙飞船的速度为每小时三万英里.DoctorSmith is busy computing at the moment but should be finished soon.史密斯博士此刻正忙于计算，但很快就该算完了.computer ［C］amachine which can perform a large number of calculations very quickly and correctly accord-ing to a system of calculation given to it 电子计算机；电脑

program， also 又作 less common BrE pro-gramme /'prəugræm/ 1 [T1] to give a set of ordered instructions to (a machine,esp a computer）把程序输入（电脑）；给（电脑）编程序；给（电脑等）一套编好的指令：They programmedthe computer to give them each name and number together.他们编好了程序，使电脑可以同时显示每个人的姓名和编号．2［C］such a set ofordered instructions 程序；程式：Which computer programs are they using？他们使用的是哪些电脑程序？

J35 nouns 名词：sums，calculations，and problems 算术、计算与问题

addition /ə'dıfən/ 1 [U] the act or result of adding or being added 加；加法：The addition of 5 and 3／of 5 to 3 gives you 8.5加3得8．Myyoung daughter is quite good at addition.我的小女儿做加法相当熟练.The addition of morewood to the fire made it brighter and warmer. 在火上再加些木柴使火更旺更暖了．2［C］anexample of this; something added to some-thing else 加法题；增加；增加物：Have you hadany additions to your family?-No; three children are quite enough！ 你家里添了孩子吗？-没有，三个小孩已足够了！additive 1［Wa5；B］ formed by or using addition 加法的； 增加的2［C］something that is added to some-thing else,esp to change or improve the qual-ity（尤指用来改变或提高品质的）增加物；添加剂subtraction/səb'trækfən/1 [U] the act or result

of subtracting or being subtracted 减；减法： The subtraction of 2 from 10 gives you 8.10减2，差是8.2［C］an example of this； something subtracted from something else 减法题；减去； 减去之物

multiplication /,maltəplə'kerfən/1 [U] the act or result of multiplying or being multiplied 乘；乘法：The multiplication of 7 by 3 gives you 21.7 乘3得21．You can get the answer by simple multiplication．你可以用简单的乘法得到答案．2［C］an example of this 乘法题；增加：There has been a great multiplication of rabbits/in the number of rabbits here lately.这儿兔子的数量最近大大增加了.multiplication tables［P］lists which young children can repeat to learn what number results when a stated number is multi-plied by a number from 1 to 12 乘法表；乘数表

division /də'vi3ən/ [U] the act or result of dividing or being divided 除；除法：The division of 15 by 5 gives you 3.15除以5得3．

sum/sam/[C]not fml an exercise in arithmetic, esp in adding 算术题（尤指加法题）：He didn＇tget that sum right, but the other sums are all right.他那道算术题没做对，但别的题都做对了.

equation /r'kwerən/ [C] a statement that two quantities are equal 方程式；等式： an equation. x+2y=7是个方程式.

calculation/,kælkju'lerfən/1 [U] the act of cal-culating 计算：Calculation of the cost is ne-cessary before spending public money. 在用公款前必须先计算费用．2［C］（the result of） an actof calculating 计算；计算的结果：Her calculation was correct but his was wrong.她的计算结果是正确的，而他的是错的.Do the calculations now，please.请现在就进行计算吧.

computation / kompju'teifən/1 [U] the act or result of computing 计算；计算的结果：The scientists' computation of the speed of light is 186,000 miles per second．科学家们计算出光速是每秒十八万六千英里．2［C］an example of this计算（的实例）：His computations are not correct.他的计算是不正确的.

theorem/'θrərəm/ [C] tech (in the science of

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numbers) a statement that can be shown to be true by reasoning（数学上的）定理

problem /'probləm/ [C] a question (esp con-nected with numbers, facts, etc) for conside-ration or for which an answer is needed 问题； 习题：An electrical apparatus called a com-puter can be used for finding the answer to difficult problems quickly.一种叫作电脑的电子仪器可以用来为疑难问题迅速找寻答案.The littleboy can already do simple problems in addi-tion and subtraction.这小男孩已能做简单的加减法计算题了.

formula /'fo:mjulə/ [C] 1 a set of mathematical or scientific signs (such as H2O or r2) that expresses a particular state or set of relations 式；公式（例如H2O，r2）2 a set of words，ideas， etc， used for any purpose 俗套；套话：What formula should we use for describing this work？我们该用何种方式来描述这工作？

J36 general verbs 一般动词：calculating and totalling［Wv6］计算与总计

make/merk/1[X1,(7)]usu not fml to calculate （and get as a result）计算（出）：He added up the figures and made it 105， not 103．他把数字加起来，得数是105，不是103.2［T1］to add up to；come to （an amount） as a result 加起来是；等于：2and 2 make 4.2加2等于4．

get/get/[T1] infml to reach (a total [→J14] of) 得出：He added up the figures and got a diffe-rent total from me； I got 105，not 103．他把数字加起来，得数和我的不同；我的得数是105，而不是103.

amount to [v prep Wv6; L1] to be equal to, esp as a total 总计达；等于：The three sums together amount to a lot of money.这三笔数加起来，总数就是一大笔钱.（fig）His words amount to a refusal， though he did not actually refuse.虽然他没有直截了当地拒绝，可是他的话等于是一种拒绝了.

come to [v prep T1] usu not fml to amount to 总数达：The bill came to £40．帐单的总金额达四十英镑.

J37 nouns， adjectives，etc 名词、形容词等： plus and minus 加与减

plus／plAs／1［C］also 又作 plus sign math a sign

(+) showing that two or more numbers are to be added together or that a number is greater than zero 加号；正号（＋）2［C］（fig） infml a welcome or favourable addition 受欢迎或有利的附加物：We knew she was clever but it＇s quite a plus that she＇s beautiful as well.我们知道她很聪明，但原来她还长得很美．3［conj］ with theaddition of 加：3 plus 6 is 9.3加6等于9．The cost is a pound plus 45 pence for postage．邮费是一英镑四十五便士．4［prep］ infml and also还要；加：This work needs experience plus care.

J38 MATHEMATICS 数学

这项工作既需要经验又需要仔细．5［Wa5；A］mathgreater than zero 正数的：3 is a plus quantity． 3是个正数．6［Wa5；B］ electrically positive ［→H205］（电的）正极的7［A］（fig）infml addi-tional and welcome 附加的；受欢迎的（often in the phr a plus factor 附加因素）8 ［Wa5；E］a （esp of age） and above （a stated number）（尤指年龄）（以及）以上的：AlÌ the children here are 12 plus（＝ are 12 or more years old）．这儿所有小孩的年龄都在十二岁或以上.b（of a mark givenfor work done) and slightly more (than a stated mark）（计分时用）比···多；···之上：B plus is a better mark than B．B＋比B好．9［Wa5； E](fig) infml (of a quality) with something else（指品质）还有别的什么的；有增益的：She＇sgot beauty plus.她不单是漂亮而已.

and ／end／ ［conj］ infml plus 加：2 and 2 are／ make 4.2加2等于4．

minus ／＇maməs／ 1 ［C］ also 又作 minus sign math a sign（-） used for showing 符号（-）用于表示 a that the stated number is less than zero 负数：-15 b that the second number is to be taken away from the first 减去：17-5 leaves 12． 17减去5剩12.2［C］a quantity that is less than zero 负数：He calculated his gains and losses of money and the result was a minus.他计算了盈亏，所得结果是个负数．3［Wa5；A］（of anumber or quantity） less than zero（数目或数量）小于零的：It is a minus temperature.气温在零度以下．4［prep］ made less by （the stated figure or quantity）减（去）：17 minus 5 leaves 12.17减去5的差是12.5［prep］ being the stated number of degrees below the freezing point of water（置于数字前）零下···度：The tempera-ture was minus 10 degrees．温度是零下十度．6[Wa5; E] (of a mark given for work done) and slightly less （than a stated mark）（计分时用） 比···少；···之下：I got a B minus for my essay. 我的作文得了B-．7［prep］ infml without 没有：He won the fight but when it ended he was minus two front teeth.他打赢了，但打完后他少了两颗门牙.

from ／from／ ［prep］ （in subtraction） out of 从··· 减去：If you subtract 10 from 15,5 remains． 15 减10剩5.2 from 10 is 8.10减2等于8．

J38 nouns，etc 名词等：roots，cubes， squares，and powers 根、立方、平方与幂

root /ru:t/ [C usu sing] a number that when multiplied by itself a usu stated number of times gives another stated number 根：2 is the 4th root of 16.2是16的四次方根．

square/skweə/ 1 [C usu sing] the number made by multiplying a number by itself once 平方（数）：16 is the square of 4.16是4的平方．The square of 3 is 9.3的平方是9.2［Wv5；T1］ to multiply （a number） by itself once（数）自乘一次：3 squared（32）is 9.3自乘等于9．

square root [C usu sing] the number which when multiplied by itself once equals the

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J39 MATHEMATICS 数学

given number 平方根：3 is the square root of 9． 3是9的平方根．

cube/kju:b/1 [C usu sing] the number made by multiplying a number by itself twice 立方；三次方：The cube of 3 is 27.3的三次方是27.2[Wv5; T1] to multiply (a number) by itself twice 使自乘两次：3 cubed（33）is 27.3的立方是27.

cube root [C usu sing] the number which when

multiplied by itself twice equals the given

number 立方根：If 3 is the cube root of 27

then 等于27． ．如果3是27的立方

根，则

power /'pauə/ [C usu sing] 1 the number of times that an amount is to be multiplied by itself 幂；乘方：The amount 2 to the power of 3 is written 23,and means 数字2的三次乘方写作23，相当于 2 the result ofthis multiplying 幂：The 3rd power of 2 is 8.2 的三次幂等于8．

index／＇indeks／ also 又作 exponent ／ik＇spəun-ənt/ math a number which shows how many times to multiply a number by itself (as 4 in x4,24＝16）指数（如在x4,24＝16中的4）

point／point／［C］ 1 also 又作 decimal point a symbol (.) used to separate a whole number from any following decimals 小数点（.）：Two point five is written 2.5． 2点5写成2.5.2a measure of increase or decrease in cost,value, etc， according to some accepted standard.（价格涨落的计算单位）点：The price of corn hasfallen a few points this week.本星期玉米的价格跌了几点.

J39 nouns ＆ adjectives 名词和形容词：averages 平均数

average/'ævərid3/1[C] the amount found by adding together several quantities and then dividing by the number of quantities 平均数： The average of 3,8，and 10 is 7.3,8和10的平均数是7.2［C；above，below，on U］ a level or standard regarded as usual or ordinary 平均标准；一般水平：He is above average in his work. 他的工作在一般水准以上.The rain this monthwas below average.这个月的降雨量低于平均标准．On average we receive 5 letters eachla day． 我们平均每天收到五封信．3［Wa5；A］ found bymaking an average 平均的：What is the average rainfall for July？七月份的平均降雨量是多少？4［Wa5；B］ of the usual or ordinary kind 普通的； 平常的：There was nothing special about it； it was only average.这没有什么特别的；只是普普通通罢了.average out ［v adv IØ］ to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp after being higher or lower 达到平均数：The good things and bad things in life average out in the end，don＇t they？人生最终祸福参半，不是吗？His mail averages out at 20 letters a day． 他的信件平均达每天二十封之多.

mean/mi:n/1 [C] an average amount, figure, or value 平均数；平均值：The mean of 7,9，and

14 is found by adding them together and dividing by3.7,9,14的平均数由三数相加再除以3而得出．2 [C] a state or way of behaviour or course of action which is not too strong or weak, too much or little， but in between 中间；中庸（esp in the phr the golden mean 中庸之道）3［Wa5； A］ average 平均的：The mean yearly rainfall is 20 inches．每年平均降雨量是二十英寸．

median /'mi:drən/ tech 1 [C] a line passing from a point of a 3-sided figure (triangle) to the centre of the opposite side（三角形）中线2 ［Wa5； A］ in or passing through the middle 当中的；在中间的；穿过中间的

norm/no:m/1 [C] a usual or expected number, amount， pattern of action in behaviour，etc 通常或预期的数量；平均数；行为模式：The nationalnorm on this examination is 70 out of 100．这次考试的全国平均分是百分制的七十分．2［C oftenpl] a standard of proper behaviour or prin-ciple of right and wrong； rule 标准；准则：In these times no religious group can force others to follow its own social norms.现时，任何宗教团体也不能强迫别人遵循它自己的社会准则.normal 1 ［B］ usual， average 标准的；正常的： Normal working hours here are from 9 to 5. 这儿正常的工作时间是从九点到五点．2［Wa5；B］tech at right angles 垂直的；法线的3［C］a line at right angles to something 垂直线；法线-ly [adv]

medium/'mi:diəm/ 1 [S] usu not fml middle point，way，or position 中点；中途；中间；中部（esp in the phr a happy medium 中庸之道）： He prefers a happy medium in life, neither too exciting nor too dull.他在生活中喜欢恰如其分，既不要太刺激，也不要过于枯燥．2［Wa5；B］taking a middle position；average 中间的；一般的：She is a girl of medium height／ability.她是个中等身材／能力一般的女孩.

J40 nouns 名词： proportions， ratios， series，and sets 比例、比率、级数与集

proportion /prə'po:fən/1 [U] the correct re-lationship between the size, position, and shape of the different parts of a whole, esp as producing a beautiful effect 相称；均衡：The drawings of young children usually lack proportion; they make arms and legs look like sticks.幼儿的画通常不合比例，他们把手脚画得像棍子似的．2［U（of）］ compared relationship between two things in regard to size, amount, force，importance， etc 比例（关系）：The proportion of men to women in the popu-lation has changed so that there are now fewer women and more men.人口中的男女比例发生了变化，现在女人较少，男人较多．3［C（of）］apart or share (as measured in amount and compared with the whole）部分：What propor-tion of your wages do you spend on rent?-About a quarter.你的工资有多大部分是花在房租上的？-约四分之一．4［U］ math equalness of relationship between two sets of numbers（两

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D9：castles and parts of castles 城堡及其组成部分

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D20：houses and their major parts 房屋及其主要组成部分

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D24：doors and their parts 门及其组成部分

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D34： the inside of a room 房间内貌

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组数字间的）比例（often in the phr in propor-tion 成比例）：The statement ＇as 6 is to 4， so is 24 to 16＇ is a statement of proportion．“六比四尤如二十四比十六”是个比例表述．4／2＝10／5，so4／2 and 10／5 are in proportion．四与二之比等于十与五之比，因此四比二与十比五成比例.inproportion to 1 according to; at the rate of 与···相称；按照：Are you paid in proportion to the number of hours you work？你的工资是按你的工时来算的吗？2 as compared with （what isexpected） in size，amount，etc 与···成比例；与··· 相比：Her legs are quite long in proportion to the rest of her body.与她身体其它部位相比，她的腿是相当长的.in／out of proportion （not） ac-cording to real importance；（not） sensibly 按／ 不按实际重要性；合乎／不合情理地：When one isangry one often does not see things in propor-tion; the wrongs done to one seem much worse than they are.人生气时看问题往往不合情理，他会感到自己所受的委屈比实际上要大得多.inthe proportion of in the measure of 按···的比例：The paint should be mixed in the propor-tion of one part of paint to 2 parts of water. 这种颜料应按一份颜料两份水的比例来调制.out of(all) proportion to (much) too great as compared with 相比之下太大（多）.了：The price of this article is out of all proportion toits value.这件物品的价格与其价值相比是太贵了.sense of proportion ability to judge what matters and what does not, without being influenced by personal feeling 冷静地判断事情轻重的能力：We shouldn＇t quarrel over such unimportant matters; let's keep ourla sense of proportion.我们不该为这些无关紧要的事而争吵；让我们保持头脑冷静的判断能力吧.In punishingthe prisoner so heavily the general seemed to have lost all sense of proportion.将军如此严厉地惩罚这名俘虏，好像已丧失了清醒的判断力似的.proportional also 又作 more fml proportion-ate [B] 1 in proper proportion; of, concerning, or like proper proportions 成（适当）比例的2 corresponding in amount or degree 相称的： payment proportional to the work done 与所做的工作相称的报酬-ly［adv］

ratio /'reıfiəu/ [C] a figure showing the number of times one quantity contains another 比率（数）：The ratio of 10 to 5 is 2 to 1．十与五的比率是二比一.

constant /'kpnstənt/ [C] 1 loose a fixed quan-tity; something that does not or cannot vary 固定数；不变因素；恒量 2 precise （a numberrepresenting) a quantity that remains un-changed throughout given conditions 常数

variable /'veərıəbəl/ [C] 1 loose something that may or does vary according to conditions 可变因素；可变物2 precise（a sign that represents） a quantity that may take on any given value or set of values 变量；变数；变量符号

function/'fAkfən/ [C (of)] 1 loose a quality or fact which depends on and varies with an-other 取决于其它因素的事；与其它因素密切相关的事；随它物的变化而变化的事物：The size of thecrop is a function of the quality of the soil and the amount of rainfall.庄稼收成的好坏取

J41 MATHEMATICS 数学

决于土质和雨量．2 precise a value which varies

as another value varies 函数：

function of x.在 中，y是x的函数.yis a

parameter /pə'ræmətə/ [C] 1 loose a variable （def1）可变因素2 precise a quantity or quality that is constant in the case being considered but varies in different cases 参数；参量 para-metric [Wa5; B] of, concerning, or like a pa-rameter or parameters 参数的；参量的-cally [adv Wa4]

series/'səri:z/ [Wn3] 1 [C] math the sum of the members of a group of things which follow each other 级数：All the numbers 1＋x ＋x2＋x3＋．．．make up a series．所有x些数字1＋ X＋x2＋x3＋．．．组成一个级数．2［C］ a group of things of the same kind or related in some way，coming one after another or in order 系列；组：A television series is a series of shows on television.电视连续剧是电视上一系列相连的节目.A whole series of misfortunes happened to him.他遭到一连串的不幸.

set/set/[C]1 math a formal object which is a collection of members with a shared charac-teristic 集（合）： 9 is a member of the set of all numbers greater than 8.9是比8大的所有数字的集合中的一个数.The set ｛x，y｝ has twomembers．集｛x，y｝共有两个元素．2 a group of naturally connected things; a group forming a whole一组；一套：He had two sets of gardening tools.他有两套园艺工具.

group /gru:p/ [C]1 math a set (def1) together with an operation for combining any two of its elements (by addition, etc) to make a new element of the set 群 2 any number of things， persons, etc that is considered as being together for any reason 组；群；团体

complement /kpmpləmənt/ [C] 1 precise either of two parts or numbers necessary to complete anything 余数；余角；余集 2 loose anything that completes a group, set,number, etc补充物；补足物

unit/'ju:nit/ [C] 1 a single thing or a person, group, piece of work, etc, that can be treated as a single thing 单元：He works in the third unit， in that building.他在那幢大楼的第三单元里工作．We shall study Book 3， Unit 4 today． 今天我们将学习第三册第四单元．2 a piece ofequipment that is of several parts but which has one purpose 组合体：a kitchen unit 一套厨房组合件 3 a single thing used in a system for measuring，etc 计量单位：The metre is a unit for measuring length.米（公尺）是长度的计量单位.

J41 nouns 名词：points， lines， planes， and angles，etc［C］点、线、面与角

[→M200 SURFACE, etc]

point/point/ geom an imaginary spot or place that has position but no size 点

line /lam/ tech a mark on a surface,having length but no breadth or thickness 线：A

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J42 MATHEMATICS 数学

straight line is the shortest distance between two points.直线是两点之间的最短距离.Draw aline AB such that (= so that) it passes through the centre of a circle C.划线AB使其通过圆C的圆心．linear［Wa5；B］ of or in lines线的；线性的：linear measure 线性测度；长度测量

row /rəu/ a neat line (of things, people, etc) side by side 排；行；列：a row of houses／of cups on a shelf一排房屋／架子上的一排杯子；the front rowsat the theatre 剧院里的前排；children standing hand in hand in a row (= side by side, not one behind the other）手拉着手站成一排的孩子

plane／plem／1 any completely flat surface 平面2 geom a surface such that a straight line joining any two points lies only on that surface （几何）平面3（fig）level；standard 水准；标准： Let's keep the conversation on a friendly plane.让我们保持谈话的友好气氛.

base/beis/ the line or surface on which a figure stands or can stand 底线；底边；底面：In the triangle ABC，BC is the base.在三角形 ABC 中，BC是底边.In the rectangle ABCD，let CD be the base.在长方形ABCD中，设CD为底边.

angle /'ængal/1 the space between two lines or surfaces that meet or cross each other, mea-sured in degrees that represent the amount of a circle that can fit into that space（几何的）角2 a corner, as of a building or piece of furni-ture（建筑物、家具等的）角；角落3（fig）infmlpoint of view 角度；观点：If you look at the accident from another angle you will see how funny it all was.如果你从另外一个角度来看这一事故，你会发现那是多么滑稽.at an angle notupright；sloping 不直的；斜的 angular ［B］1 having an angle or angles, corner or corners, esp acute［■＞J43］angles 有角的；（尤指）有尖角的；尖的2（of a person，face，etc） thin and with the bones showing（指人、脸部等）瘦骨嶙峋的；骨瘦如柴的 angularity［U］ the condition of being angular.有角的状态

degree /dr'gri:/ a unit of measurement of angles 度，度数：This is an angle of ninety degrees（written 90°）；it is a right angle．这是一个九十度角（写作90°），是直角．

section /'sekfən/ the figure formed by the points where a solid body is cut by a flat surface 截面；切面

J42 adjectives ＆ nouns 形容词和名词：lines and positions 线条与位置

[ALSO→N302-4]

horizontal /,hprə'zpntl/ [Wa5; B] (of a line, surface,etc) parallel or considered parallel to the ground or the horizon [→L113];flat; level 水平的；平的；横的：In a perfect square the lines at bottom and top are horizontal and parallel. 在正方形中，底线与顶线是水平的，而且是平行的.

perpendicular /,pз:pən'dikjulə/1 [Wa5; B (to)] (of a line, surface, etc) at an angle of 90 degrees to a line or surface 垂直的；（与另一线或面）成直角的：In a perfect square， the lines at

the side are perpendicular to the line at the bottom．在正方形中，两条边线与底线垂直．2［B］exactly upright; not leaning to one side or the other 笔直的；直立的；不斜的：This wall isn＇tperpendicular；it might fall down.这墙不直，有可能塌下来．3［（the）U］ a perpendicular po-sition 垂直位置：The fence is out of（the） per-pendicular；it leans inwards.这栅栏不处于垂直位置；它朝里倾斜．4［C］a perpendicular line 垂直线

对角线

oblique /ə'bli:k/1[Wa5; B] (of an angle) more or less than 90°不成直角的2［Wa5；B］in a sideways direction；sloping 斜的；倾斜的：The line was oblique； it was an oblique line.这条线是斜的，这是一条斜线.-ly［adv］-ness ［U］

diagonal /dar'ægənəl/ [C; Wa5; B] 1 (in the di-rection of ) a straight line joining two opposite corners of a square, or other 4-sided flat figure（四边形的）对角线；对角的：The twodiagonals of a square cross in the centre.正方形的两条对角线在中心相交.Draw a diagonalline to divide the square into two.划一条对角线把正方形分成两半．2（any straight line） whichruns in a sloping direction 斜线（的）；斜纹（的）： The cloth had a diagonal pattern.这块布有斜线图案.-ly［adv］：Cut the cloth diagonally.把布对角剪开.

parallel /'pærə,lel/1 [Wa5; B] (of two or more lines or rows) running side by side but never getting nearer to or further away from each other（指两条或两条以上的线或行列）平行的；并行的：In America，streets are often parallel.在美国，街道常常是平行的．2［Wa5；B（to，with）］(of one line or row) running side by side with (another line or lines) but never getting nearer to or further away（指一线或行列）与··· 平行的：The parallel road （to this one） is fve miles away.（与这条路）平行的那条路离这儿五英里．3［Wa5；B（to）］（fig）comparable 类似的： My findings in this matter are parallel to yours．我在这件事上的发现与你的相似．4［C（to，with)] a parallel line or line of things, or surface 平行线；平行物；平行面（often in the phron a parallel with 与···平行）：The flat roof of a building is on a parallel with the floor.大厦的平屋顶与地板平行．5［C（to，with）］（fig）a comparable person or thing 类似的人或事物；可

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以相比的人或事物（often in the phr without aparallel 无与伦比）：As a musician he has no parallel today；he is the greatest.作为一个音乐家，当今没有人可与他相比；他是最杰出的．6［C］（fig） a comparison that shows a likeness 对比； 比较：One can draw many parallels between these two plays of Shakespeare.人们可以把莎士比亚的这两个剧本作许多对比.

J44 MATHEMATICS 数学

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J43 adjectives，etc 形容词等：relating to angles［Wa5；B］与角有关的

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三角形

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rectangle

right angle 直角

acute /ə'kju:t/ (of an angle) being less than 90 degrees； narrow 锐角的 acute angle ［C］ an angle of between 0° and 90°锐角

obtuse /əb'tju:s/ (of an angle) being greater than 90 degrees；wide 钝角的 obtuse angle［C］ an angle between 90° and 180°钝角

right ／rait／ （of an angle） being 90 degrees 直角的 right angle ［C］ an angle of 90 degrees，as at any of the four corners of a square 直角right-angled having a right angle or right angles 有直角的

J44 nouns 名词：geometrical shapes ［C］ 几何图形

triangle/'trai,ængal/ 1 a flat figure with three straight sides and three angles 三角形 2 any three cornered or three-sided figure, object or piece 三角形的物体：a triangle of land一块三角形土地

rectangle /'rektængal/ a figure with four straight sides forming four right angles 长方形； 矩形

quadrilateral /,kwodrə'lætəral/ a figure with four sides 四边形

square /skweə/ a figure with four equal sides and four right angles 正方形

oblong /'olon/ a figure with four straight sides, forming four right angles, which is longer than it is wide 长方形

cube/kju:b/ a solid object with six square sides 立方体

parallelogram /,pærə'leləgræm/ a flat four-sided figure with opposite sides equal and parallel平行四边形

rhombus /'rambəs/ a figure with four equal straight sides and unequal angles 菱形

trapezium BrE／trapezoid AmE梯形

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x＝centre／AmE center 圆心

a＝circumference 圆周 sector

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J45 MATHEMATICS 数学

pentagon/'pentəgən/ a flat shape with five sides and five angles 五边形；五角形

hexagon/'heksəgən/ a flat shape with six sides and six angles 六边形；六角形

trapezium/trə'pi:zıəm/ BrE, trapezoid/'træpə-,zoid/ AmE tech a four-sided figure in which only one pair of sides are parallel 梯形

circle /'sз:kəl/ 1 a flat round area enclosed by a curved line that is along its whole length equally distant from a fixed point 圆 2 the curved line enclosing this area 圆周3 anything having the general shape of this line；a ring 圆形物；环：The house lay in a circle of trees.房屋为一圈树所包围.

ellipse /r'lips/ the curved shape that is seen when one looks at a circle sideways 椭圆形

oval ／＇əuvəl／ anything which is egg-shaped 卵形的东西；椭圆形的东西

disc BrE, disk AmE /disk/1 something round and flat 圆盘 2 a ball-shaped surface that looks flat 圆面；盘状物：the disc of the full moon满月的月面

loop/lu:p/1 a shape produced by a curve cross-ing itself 圈：When writing the letters ＇l＇and ＇h＇ most people use loops．大多数人在写字母“1”和“h”时都带着圈．2 part of a piece of string， wire， etc，formed into such a shape（线、金属丝等绕成的）圈；环：He tied the thread in a loop.他把线结成一个圈．3 a movement made，esp by anaeroplane when it flies first upwards then upsidedown then downwards, following a path like a loop 环状运行；（尤指飞机飞行时翻的）筋斗4 a part of a road, railway line, tape,etc, which leaves and then joins the main path again in the shape of a loop（道路、铁路等的） 环状侧线；环车道；回线

cone/kəun/1 a solid object with a round base and a point at the top 圆锥体2 any hollow or solid object shaped like this 圆锥形的物体： Many children would rather eat ice cream from cones than from dishes.许多孩子愿意吃蛋卷筒冰淇淋而不愿把冰淇淋放在碟子里吃.

pyramid /'pırəmid/1 a solid figure with a flat usu square base and straight flat three-angled sides that slope upwards to meet at a point 角锥；棱锥；锥体 2 ［often cap］ a very large stone structure in this shape, used in ancient Egypt as the burial place of an important person, e．g．a king（通常大写）金字塔3 a building orpile of objects in this shape 角锥形的建筑物；（一堆）角锥形东西：A pyramid of stones marked the spot.这个场所用石头堆成的角锥体作标记.

cross/krps/1 an upright post with a shorter bar crossing it near the top, on which people were nailed by their hands and feet and left to die（古代死刑的一种刑具）十字架2 any of vari-ous symbolic representations of this,used for ornament， in art，etc 装饰用的十字架：Latin cross 拉丁十字架；St George＇s cross 圣乔治十字架；Maltese cross 马耳他十字架 3 also 又作crucifix a small silver or gold object shaped like this, worn round the neck on a chain as an ornament or sign of Christian faith 十字架项链 4 a sign shaped like a cross， made with

the hand on one's chest as a religious act in church，before saying one＇s prayers，etc 祈祷前在胸口划十字手势5［often cap］ the shape of across as the symbol of the Christian faith or religion 象征基督教信仰的十字形：Lift high theCross and announce the love of Christ in the world！高举十字架并向世界宣告基督之爱！6[often cap] Christ's death as the act that saved the world（通常大写）基督之死为拯救世人：It isby the Cross that we were set free from death,' said the priest.牧师说：“正是由于基督之死，我们才能从死之中释放出来.”Christ willinglyaccepted the Cross because he loved us so much．基督情愿受难，因为他深爱我们．7 anexample of sorrow or suffering as a test of one＇s patience or goodness 磨难；苦难：Every-one has his own cross to bear in this life.每个人在一生中都要忍受各自的苦难.That poorwoman＇s got a heavy cross to bear.那可怜的女人承受着沉重的磨难．8 a cross built in a publicplace or at the end of a grave to remind people of the dead（公共场所或坟前的）十字架（用来纪念死者）：After the war the people of the town built a cross out of respect for the soldiers from the town who died fighting the enemy.战后，该城百姓为了悼念在对敌作战中牺牲的该城士兵而建造了一个十字架．9 a figure ormark formed by one straight line crossing another, as X, often used as a sign of where something is or that something is incorrect or by people who can＇t write as a signature 交叉号 （X）：A cross marks our house on the map. 一个交叉号标着我们的房屋在地图上的位置.Theteacher put a red cross to show that my answer was wrong.教师打了一个红叉，表示我的答案错了.If you can＇t write make your cross. 如果你不会写字，就画个叉吧.

crescent/'kresənt/1 the curved shape of the moon during its first and last quarters, when it forms less than half a circle 新月形；月牙形2 [often cap] this shape as a symbol of the faith and religion of Muslims（通常大写）伊斯兰教的标志：the Cross and the Crescent 基督教与伊斯兰教

J45 adjectives，etc 形容词等：geometrical shapes［B］几何图形

round／raund／shaped like a ball， circle，etc 圆的；球形的：The area was perfectly round.这个地方是成正圆形的.The child had a round face.那孩子有一张圆脸.The Earth isn＇t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles (=at the top and bottom）.地球不是完全圆的，它两极的地方略呈扁平.

rounded／＇raundid／more or less round 多少带点圆形的：The local bread is not square； it is rounded.当地的面包不是方形的，而是带点圆形的.The bread has a rounded shape.这面包外形圆圆的.

circular /'s3:kjulə/ in the shape of a circle; like a circle 圆形的；环形的：The house looks circu-

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lar， but it isn＇t a complete circle.这房子看上去是圆形的，但并不是全圆的.

elliptical／r＇liptikal／also 又作 elliptic／r＇liptik／1 having the shape of an ellipse ［→J44］椭圆（形）的：The Earth＇s path round the sun is elliptical．地球围绕太阳的轨道是椭圆形的．2 fml(of speech or writing) difficult to understand because more is meant than is actually said （言词或文章）难懂的；晦涩的：an ellipticalremark 晦涩的评论-ly［adv］

oval／＇əuvəl／ egg-shaped 卵形的；椭圆（形）的：an oval face 椭圆形的脸

square/skweə/ [Wa5] 1 in the shape of or like a square; having four straight sides at right angles to each other 正方形的；方形的：Use asquare box，not an oblong one.用一个正方形盒子，不要用长方形的．2 relating to the square，esp for measurement 平方的：a square metre 一平方米（公尺）-ly［adv］（fig）firmly 紧紧地；结实地：He put his hat squarely on his head.他把帽子紧紧戴在头上.

oblong /'pblpn/ in the shape of or like an oblong；infml rectangular 长方形的：An oblong box is longer than it is wide.长方形盒子的长度比它的宽度要大.

rectangular /rek'tængjulə/ in the shape of or like a rectangle 矩形的；长方形的

cubic /'kju:bik/ [Wa5] 1 in the shape of or like a cube 立方形的2 relating to the cube， esp for measurement 立方的：cubic centimetres 立方厘米

triangular /trar'ængjulə/[Wa5] in the shape of or like a triangle 三角形的

isosceles /ar'spsəli:z/ [Wa5] (of a tiangle) hav-ing twoequalsides（指三角形）等腰的；二等边的

scalene /'skeili:n/ [Wa5] (of a triangle) having no two equal sides（指三角形）不等边的

pentagonal /pen'tægənəl/ in the shape of or like a pentagon 五角形的；五边形的

hexagonal /hek'sægənəl/ in the shape of or like a hexagon 六角形的；六边形的

conical/'konikal/ [Wa5] in the shape of or like a cone 圆锥形的：The man wore a conical hat. 那人戴着一顶圆锥形的帽子．-ly ［adv Wa4］

curved/k3:vd/ having a rounded bending shape 曲线形的；弯曲的：He drew a curved line.他画了一条曲线.The surface of the earth is curved， not flat.地球表面是弯曲的，不是平的.curvaturetech 1 ［U］ the condition of being curved 弯曲： curvature of the spine （＝ backbone）脊椎骨弯曲2［C］an example of this 弯曲部分；弯曲的事例

convex /kpn'veks/ curving outwards;having the same shape as the outer part of a circle 凸面的；凸圆的；向外弯曲的

concave /kpn'kerv/ curving inwards; having the same shape as the inner part of a circle 凹面的；向内弯曲的

hollow/'hpləu/1 having an empty space inside 空的；空心的：The mountain is so full ofcaves that it is almost hollow.这座山有那么多山洞，几乎可说是空心的了.This ball is solid but thatone is hollow.这个球是实心的，而那个球是空心的．2 sounding as if coming from an empty

J46 MATHEMATICS 数学

space inside something（声音）空洞的：The earth under them sounded hollow.他们脚下的土地发出空洞的声音.（fig）He gave a hollowlaugh．他发出一阵空洞的笑声．3（fig）unreal；false 假的；虚伪的：His promises are hollow.他的许诺是虚伪的.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

circuitous /s3:'kju:ıtəs/ going a long way round instead of taking the quickest or straightest way 绕行的；迂回的；间接的：He has some verycircuitous ways of doing things.他办事常用拐弯抹角的手法.-ly［adv］

roundabout ／＇raundə，baut／ infml circuitous 绕远道的；转弯抹角的；间接的：That＇s a round-about way to go if you want to get home quickly.如果你想快些到家，走那条路就绕远了.

due ／dju：／ ［adv H］ directly 正：The planes flew due east.那些飞机朝正东飞行.

straight /strert/ [Wal; B; adv] 1 not in a curve; not turning 直的（地）；笔直的（地）：Draw a straight line.画一条直线.The line was more or less straight.这条线大致是直的.That line is straighter than this one.那条线比这条直.Go straight down the street.一直沿马路走下去.Go straight on to the end of the street, then turn left．一直向前走到马路的尽头，然后向左转．2［advH］ without delay 立即；毫不耽搁地：She went straight into the house. 她径直走进房子.straighten [IØ; T1] to (cause to) become straight（使）变直

direct /də'rekt/ [Wa2; B] not turning or stop-ping 直的；不停的：Please tell me the most direct way/route [→M125] from here to London.请告诉我从这儿到伦敦最直达的路线.She took a direct flight to Rome (= a flight in the aeroplane which did not land at any other place）.她直飞罗马.I want a direct answer，＇ she said.Tell me the truth.＇她说：“我要直截了当的回答，对我讲实话.”in-［neg］-ly［adv］

J46 nouns 名词：parts of circles［C］（见J44插图）圆的部分

radius /'reidiəs/ 1 (the line marking) the dis-tance from the centre of a circle or sphere[ H48］ to its edge or surface 半径；半径距离 2[C9]not fml a circular area measured from its centre point 半径范围：He lives somewhere within a two-mile radius of the town/within a radius of two miles from the town.他住在离城中心两英里范围内．radial ［Wa5；B］ of，con-nected with，or like a radius 半径的-ly［adv］

diameter /dar'æmətə/ 1 (the length of) a straight line going from side to side through the centre of a circle or other curved figure 直径：Measure the diameter of this circle.量一下这个圆的直径.What is the diameter of the main stem of this tree？这棵树的树干直径是多少？2 a measurement of how many times bigger an object looks when seen through a microscope [→H123] or magnifying glass (= a glass which makes things look bigger）（指显微镜、放大镜等的）放大倍率：This glass magnifies

661

J47 MATHEMATICS 数学

周界长度；周长：What is the perimeter of this square？这正方形的周长是多少？

J47 common mathematical symbols 常

用数学符号

plus／and 加

minus／take away 减

±

plus or minus；approximately 加或减； 正负；近似

equals／is equal to 等于

is not equal to； does not equal 不等于； 不相等

=

is approximately equal to 约等于；近似于

=

is equivalent to／identical with 全等于； 恒等于

is less than 小于

is not less than 不小于

is greater／more than 大于

is not greater／more than 不大于

C

is included in；is a subset of 被包括于； 是···集合的子集

E

is an element of（a set）属于···（集合） 的元素；属于

C includes 包括

implies 蕴涵

times/(is) multiplied by (as in 4x2 =

8）；（for sizes）by（as in 22＇x44＇）乘（用

于乘法，如 ；乘（用于面积，如22

英尺x44英尺）

÷

（is）divided by 除以

% per cent 百分之···；百分率

3:9 three to nine 三比九

2:6::3:9

proportion: two is to six as three is to nine 比例：二比六等于三比九

varies as； is proportional to （按正比或反比）变化；与···成（正比或反比的）比例square root 平方根

cube root 立方根

x squared x平方

x cubedx立方

x to the power of four; x to the fourth x四次方

π

pi圆周率

L。 angle 角

degree （geometry；temperature）度（几何；温度）

foot (as in 28'); minute (of time;in geometry）英尺（如28＇）；分（时间；几何）inch (as in 28'11"); second (of time; in geometry）英寸（如28＇11＂）；秒（时间；几何）

is parallel to 平行于

J48 using and saying numbers in special combinations 以特定形式使用与读出数字

1 Large numbers 大的数字

It is common nowadays in Br,US and many other countries to use a space to separate

20 diameters．这块放大镜能放大二十倍．dia-metrical [Wa5; B] of, connected with, or like a diameter 直径的-ly［adv Wa4］：（fig）He is diametrically opposed to the plan.他完全不同意这个计划.

arc／a：k／1 part of a curved line or circle 弧线；弧形：The weight on the string swung through an arc of 110°．绳上的重物摆动出一个一百一十度的弧形．2 the curved path that the sun，moon，or any star appears to move along when seen from the earth（太阳、月亮等运行的）弧形轨道

tangent /'tænd3ənt/ a straight line which touches a circle or a curve at one point only 切线

centre BrE, center AmE /'sentə/ 1 a middle part or point; a point equally distant from all sides; the exact middle esp the point around which a circle is drawn 圆心；中心；中央：Point A is the centre of the circle.A 点是圆心. Although London is the capital of Britainit is not at the centre of the country.虽然伦敦是英国的首都，但它并不位于国家的中央.The centre ofthe earth is very hot． 地球的中心是很热的．2[C9](fig) a point, area, person, or thing that is most important in relation to an interest, activity，or condition 中心区；中心人物；（活动、兴趣等的）中心：She likes to be the centre of attraction all the time.她想时时都成为众人注意的中心.Hull is Britain＇s biggest fishing centre. 赫尔是英国最大的渔业中心．central［Wa5；B］ ofor connected with a centre； in the centre 中心的；中央的；在中心的-ly［adv］

segment/'segmənt/1 the area inside a circle between its edge and a straight line across it 弓形；圆缺 2 the part of a line between two points on the line 线段

circumference /sə'kamfərəns/ 1 the length round the outside of a circle or a round object 圆周；周长：The teacher asked the children to calculate the circumference of the circle.教师要孩子们计算圆的周长.The earth＇s circum-ference is nearly 25,000 miles．地球的周长将近二万五千英里．2 the line round the outside edge of a figure or object 图形或物体的周界

periphery/pə'rifəri/ [usu sing] 1 a line or area enclosing something； outside edge 周围；周边； 边缘；外围：The factory was built on the periph-ery of the town．这工厂建在城市的外围．2 thepart of a social or political group which is not near the centre of power, and is therefore of comparatively slight importance（社会或政治团体的）外围：He is only on the periphery，so he can＇t have much influence.他只是个外围人物， 因此他不可能有很大影响．peripheral 1 of orconnected with a periphery 周围的；外围的；边缘的 2 of comparatively slight importance； not central 不是中心的；次要的：matters of periph-eral interest 不大重要的事-ly［adv］

perimeter /pə'rimətə/ 1 the border round any closed flat figure or special area of ground, esp a camp or airfield（尤指营地或机场的）周边；周界线：The perimeter of the airfield is pr0-tected by guard-dogs and a perimeter fence.机场周围由警犬和围墙保护着．2 the length of this

662

thousands， but various conventions exist 现

时在英美和其它许多国家里，通常用空位把每三

位数字分开来写，但也有各种不同的习惯做法：

General 通用的

23 456 768

Br／US 英／美

23,456,768

Continental Europe etc 欧洲大陆等

23.456.768

When saying such large numbers, always remember in BrE to put and after any hun-dred 在说这样的大数字时，英国人总是在hun-dred后面加上and，例如：

234 two hundred and thirty-four 二百三十四

2,345 two thousand, three hundred and forty-five二千三百四十五

2,901 two thousand, nine hundred and one二千九百零一

35,897 thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-seven 三万五千八百九十七

987,234 nine hundred and eighty-seven

thousand, two hundred and

thirty-four 九十八万七千二百三十四

2 Computer numbers 电子计算机／电脑数字

These are now common for business ac-counts and cheques, and are said in pairs, with double numbers as follows 这些数字在商业帐目和支票中是常用的，说时要两个数字两个数字成对地说，例如：

45673289 four-five six-seven three-two eight-nine 四五 六七 三二 八九

45663277 four-five double-six (six-six) three-two double-seven （seven-seven）四五六六 三二 七七

3 Telephoning 打电话

When telephoning or giving a telephone number 在打电话或说电话号码时：

（1） use only single numbers up to nine 只用到9的单个数字

（2）pronounce 0 as o／nought／zero 把0读作o或nought或zero

(3) give the same number as either 'double' or simply repeated 两个相同的数字连在一起时，可用 double 或重复读出：22 double-two(two-two)

examples 例如：

3476 three-four seven-six 三四 七六

336 3562 three-three-six three-five six-two 三三六 三五 六二

999 （Br emergency number 英国紧急召援电话号码）nine-nine-nine 九九九

031-667-4567 o-three-one six-six-seven/ double-six seven four-five six-seven 零三一六六七 四五 六七

For body measurements 测量人体时用（See also 又见 Weights and Measures→J66） Height 身高（Traditional 传统说法）

I am five foot eight（inches）（tall）.我身高五英尺八（英寸）.

（Metric公制；十进制）

J60 MEASUREMENT 计量

She is one metre sixty-four (centime-tres）.她身高一米六四.

Weight 体重（Traditional 传统说法）

Br（英）：He is eleven stones five pounds.

他体重十一英石五磅（即一百五十九磅）.

US（美）：She is a hundred and twenty-six pounds.她体重一百二十六磅.

（Metric公制；十进制）

He is seventy-nine kilos／kilograms.他体重七十九公斤.

Round the Body 身围

（for Women 指妇女的胸围、腰围、臀围）

（Traditional 传统说法）

She is 36-24-36．（in．）她的三围是36-24-36 （英寸）.

（Metric公制；十进制）

She is 91-61-91．（cent．）她的三围是91-61-91 （厘米）.

5 Vulgar fractions 普通分数

1／ or 1／2 a half；one half二分之一［pl］halves； ［T1］ to halve 把···分成两半

1／4 or 1／4 a quarter；one quarter 四分之一［T1］ to quarter 把···分成四分

or 1／3 a third；one third 三分之一or 3／4 three-quarters 四分之三or 2／3 two-thids 三分之二or 1／5 a fifth；one fifth 五分之一or 4／5 four-fifths 五分之四twenty-nine and three-quarters 二十九又四分之三

6

Decimal fractions 小数

.5 or 0.5 point five or (more accurately) nought point five 零点五

.75 or 0.75 point seven five or nought point

seven five 零点七五

23.33 twenty-three point three three 二十三点三三NOTE［注释］

(1) In most European countries a comma is used for the Br/US decimal point. Thus, 23.33 is 23,33 in France．在多数欧洲国家里，用逗号“，”代替英美使用的小数点“.”，例如在法国，23.33写成23,33．

(2) A point is also used for currency, but is not pronounced 小数点也用于货币中，但不读出声音，例如：

£2.50 two pound（s） fifty（pence）两英镑五十（便士）

$5.30 five dollars thirty; five dollars and thirty cents 五元三十（分）

Measurement

计量

J60 verbs 动词：measuring and quantifying 度量与计数

measure /'me3ə/ 1 [IØ; T1] to find the size,

663

J61 MEASUREMENT 计量

length,amount, degree,etc (of a thing,place, person，etc）量（大小、长短、多少、程度等）；量度；计量；测量：He measured her height with a ruler.他用一根尺子量她的身高.The police mea-sured the speed at which the car was travel-ling．警察测定那辆汽车行驶的速度．2［L1,9］tobe of （a certain size） 有···长（高、宽）：He mea-sures more round the waist than he used to. 他的腰围比以前大了．The box measures 5 feetby 3（about 11／x1 metre）．箱子有五英尺长三英尺高（约一米半长一米高）．3［X9，esp against］ tosee if the size of (something) is right by comparing 对照···来量：I measured the coat against her and found it was too long.我比着她的身体来量一下外衣，发现它太长了.We mea-sured the curtains against the window and luckily they fitted.我们比着窗户试试窗帘，很巧，它们恰好合适.

weigh/wei/1 [T1] to find the weight of, esp by a machine 称···的重量：He weighed himself and found that he was half a kilo heavier.他称了一下体重，发现自己重了半公斤．2［L1,9］to have（a certain weight）有···重：It weighed 6 pounds． 它有六磅重.I weigh less／more than I used to. 我的体重比以前轻／重了．3［X9］（fig） to considercarefully 仔细考虑；权衡：He weighed the idea in his mind.他心中估量着这个主意.

quantify/'kwontə,far/[T1] fml to measure (an amount or quantity）量度；测定···的数量：Can you quantify the work done？你能把完成的工作量计算出来吗？

J61 nouns 名词：measures and

quantities 度量与数量

[ALSO → N80 SIZE AND QUANTITY]

measure /'me3ə/1 [U] a system for calculating amount，size，weight，etc 量度；计量制；度量衡制： An ounce in liquid measure is different from an ounce in dry measure.液量的一盎司不同于干量的一盎司．2 ［C］ an amount in such asystem 计量单位；量度单位：An hour is ameasure of time．小时是时间的量度单位．3［C9］an instrument or apparatus used for calculat-ing amount,weight, etc, esp a stick or contain-er 量具；量器：This glass is à litre measure.这个玻璃杯是公升量器.The tailor used a tapemeasure to get the man＇s measurements.裁缝用一根软尺来量那个人的尺寸.

measurement/'me3əmənt/ 1 [U] the act of measuring 计量：They use a different system of measurement from us.他们使用一种与我们不同的计量制度．2［C esp pl］ a length，height，etc， found by measuring places， people，etc 尺寸； 大小：What are the measurements of the room／ her measurements？这间房间的面积／她的尺寸是多少？

mensuration /,menfə'rerfən/ [U] math 1 fml theact of measuring 丈量；测量2 the study and practice of measuring length, area, and volume ［■J65］测量学；测量法

dimension/də'menfən/ 1 [C] a measurement

esp of height, width,length, and/or thickness/ depth 尺度；尺寸；面积；容积；度量（指长、宽、高、厚、深等）2［C9 pl］ size 大小规模：What are thedimensions of the room？这间房间有多大？（fig） The dimensions of the job are quitebig; it will take a lot of work.这项工作规模很大，需要干很多工作．3［U］ fml the quality of size 尺度： Matter has dimension.物质可以度量.

J62 adjectives，etc 形容词等：relating to kinds of measuring ［Wa5］有关各种计量法的

metric/'metrik/ [B] concerning the system of measurement based on the metre and the kilogram公制的；米制的-ally［adv Wa4］

cubic /'kju:bik/ [B] being a measurement of the space that would fit into a cube with edges of the stated length 立方的：The box has a volume of 10 cubic inches/feet/centimetres/ metres，etc.这箱子的体积是十立方英寸／英尺／厘米／米等.

imperial /ım'pıərıəl/ [A often cap] British stan-dard（measures） 英制的：There are three feet in every imperial yard.一码为三英尺.

avoirdupois / ævədə'poız/ [U; E] the system of weights used,esp formerly in Britain, the standard measures being the ounce, pound, and ton（以盎司、磅、吨为标准的）常衡：Itweighs 6 ounces avoirdupois．它有六常衡盎司重.

troy (weight)/tror (weit)/ [U; E sometimes cap] a British system of measuring the weight of gold，silver， and jewels（英制）金衡（金、银、珠宝的衡制）：3 pounds troy weight 三金衡磅

J63 adjectives，etc 形容词等：relating to measurement［E］有关计量的

[ALSO→N305-8]

long ／lpg／［Wal； B］ covering a distance 长的： How long is that piece of wood？那块木头有多长？It＇s three feet／metres long.它有三英尺／米长. It＇s a 3-foot long piece．这块长三英尺．It＇s a 3-metre long piece of wood.这是一块三米长的木头.

wide /waid/ [Wal; B] large from side to side or edge to edge 宽的：This skirt is too wide.这裙子太宽了.How wide is the road？这条路有多宽？The road is 24 feet／8 metres wide．这条路有二十四英尺／八米宽．It＇s an 8-metre wide road．那是一条八米宽的路.

broad /bro:d/ [Wal; B] (esp of solid things) wide; measuring a good deal from side to side or between limits 宽的：How broad is the road？这条路有多宽？The road is 24 feet／8metres broad.这条路有二十四英尺／八米宽.

across /ə'kros/ [adv Wa5] from one side to the other（of）从一边到另一边；横过：How wide isthe stream？-The stream is 6 feet across．这条

664

小溪有多宽？-这条小溪从这边到那边有六英尺宽：high /hai/ [Wal; B] (not usu of people) reach-ing some distance above ground, esp a large distance 高的；有···高度的（通常不指人）：Howhigh is the wall？这墙有多高？The wall is 4 feet high．这墙有四英尺高．It is a 4-foot high wall． 那是一面四英尺高的墙.

tall /to:l/ [Wa1; B] (of persons) having the stated height 高的；有···高度的（指人）：How tall is she？ 她有多高？The child is four feet tall.这孩子身高四英尺.What a tall man！这人的个子好高啊！

deep／di：p／［Wal；B］1 going far downward 深的（从上到下）：This is a deep well； it is 80 feet deep．这是一口深井，井深达八十英尺．It＇s an 80-foot deep well．那是一口八十英尺深的井．2goingwell inward from an outward surface 深的（从外到里）：He had a deep wound in his chest；it was several centimetres deep.他胸口有个很深的伤口，有几厘米深． 3 going well back from afront surface 深的（由前到后）：This is a deep cupboard．It is 30 inches deep．这是一个很深的碗橱，有三十英寸深.

thick /Ork/[Wal; B] (esp of materials) from one side to the other（尤指材料）厚的：How thick is this piece of wood／this wall？这块木头／这面墙有多厚？It is three metres thick／three feet thick. 它有三米／英尺厚．It＇s a 3-metre thick wall．那是一面三米厚的墙.

J64 nouns 名词：relating to

measurement 有关计量的

length/lenθ/1 [U] the measurement from one end to the other or of the longest side of something 长度 2［S9］ the distance of some-thing stated 距离：We walked the length of the street．我们从头到尾走完了那条街．3［C］themeasure from one end to the other of a horse， boat， etc， used in stating distances（一匹马或一条船等的）长度；身长：The horse won bythree lengths．这匹马以领先三马身的距离取胜．4[C (of)] a piece of something, esp of a certain length or for a particular purpose 一段（线、绳等）：He cut me a length of stringla 5-inch length of rope.他给我剪了一段线／一根五英寸长的绳子．5［（the）C］ the amount of time from the beginning to the present or to the end（时间的）长短：The length of the holiday was 15 days．假期长十五天．6 ［U］ the quality or condition of being long（文章、书籍的）长短：A book is not judged only on its length. 书不能只以其篇幅的长短来判断优劣．7［C］the amount ofspoken，written，or printed words（说话、文字的）长度；（用词）多少：The student complained about the length of the examination paper.那学生抱怨试卷太长了．at length 1 after a longtime；at last 很久以后；最后；终于2 for a longtime；in many words 时间很长地；用了许多话3in great detail；thoroughly 详尽地；彻底地

width／wid0／1［U］ size from side to side 宽度： What is its width？它有多宽？2［U］ the state of being wide 宽的状态：We can＇t get it through the door because of its width.那东西太宽了，我

J65 MEASUREMENT 计量

们无法将它搬进门．3［C］ a wide piece ofmaterial，esp as it was woven 宽幅料子：Half a width would do but they won't cut it lengh-ways.半幅就够了，但他们不肯把它纵长地剪开来.Two widths，please.请来两幅吧.

breadth/bred0/1 [U; C] the distance from side to side；width 宽度：What is the breadth of this road？这条路有多宽？The breadth is 60 feet．宽度是六十英尺．It is 60 feet in breadth．它有六十英尺宽.These roads are of different breadths. 这些路宽狭不同．2［U］（fig） the quality of taking everything or many things into con-sideration; range (as of knowledge, experi-ence，etc）范围（如知识、经验等）；广度：Thegreat breadth of Dr Smith's learning made his book the standard work on the subject.史密斯博士学识广博，他的书因而成了该学科的标准著作．3[U] (fig) the ability to consider other people's opinions even if different from one＇s own胸襟宽大；宽宏大度：She is a woman of greatbreadth of mind／opinions.她是一位胸襟／见解宽宏的女人.

-ways [comb form] with the stated side nearest the viewer 向···；以···方向：Look at this piece of wood lengthways／breadthways／sideways.从纵向／横向／侧面看一下这块木头.

height /hait/ 1 [U] the quality or degree of being high or tall 高度：What＇s the height of this wall？这面墙有多高？His height makes him stand out in a crowd.他身材高大，因此在人群中很突出．2［C often pl］ a high position or place 高处；高地：We looked down from a great height/the mountain heights to see the whole town below us.我们从很高处／高山上俯瞰下面整个城市．3［（the）C］（fig） the main point； the highest degree 高峰期；极盛期：Most people take their holidays in the height of (the) summer.多数人在盛夏期间度假.It＇s the heightof madness to sail at the height of the storm. 在风暴最厉害的时候出航真是疯狂到极点.

depth /depθ/ [U; C usu sing] the state of being deep 深度：What is the depth of this lake？这湖有多深？It has a depth of 30 feet．它有三十英尺深.（fig）The depth of her feelings surprised him.她感情之深出乎他的意料.out of／beyondone's depth 1 in water that is deeper than one＇s height 超过身高的深度 2 beyond one＇sability to understand 超过某人的理解能力：I＇mout of my depth when it comes to natural sciences.谈到自然科学，我就一窍不通了.indepth 1 stretching out for some distance 延伸一段距离：These defensive walls are built in depth．这些防御墙延伸了好一段距离．2 goingbeneath the surface appearance of things,esp if done with great thoroughness 深入的（地）；彻底的（地）：He made a study in depth of the poems／an in-depth study of the poems.他深入研究了这些诗／对这些诗作了深入的研究.

J65 nouns 名词：area，etc 面积等

[ALSO →N80 SIZE,etc]

area/'eərrə/1 [C; U] the size of a surface mea-

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J66 MEASUREMENT 计量

capacity /kə'pæsəti/ [C; U9] the amount that something can hold or produce 容量；容积；生产量：The seating capacity of the theatre is 500． 该剧院有五百个座位.The capacity of the tank is20 gallons／litres．缸的容量是二十加仑／公升．

liquid measure [U] 1 the system of units used in measuring the capacity of liquids 液量单位2 tech the cubic contents or volume,esp of liquid； the system by which this is measured 液量；液量制

J66 weights and measures 重量与度量

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Traditional British | Metric |
| and American | Equivalent |
| 传统英美制 | 公制对应量 |
| Length／Distance 长度／距离 |  |
| 1inch(in) | 2.54cm |
| 1英寸 | 2.54厘米 |
| 12 inches =1 foot(ft) | 30.48cm |
| 12英寸 ＝1英尺 | 30.48厘米 |
| 3 feet =1yard(yd) | 0.91m |
| 3英尺 ＝1码 | 0.91米（公尺） |
| 220 yards =1furlong | 201.17m |
| 220码 ＝1浪（弗隆） | 201.17米（公尺） |
| old use & tech 旧用法 | 和技术用语 |
| 1760 yards=1 mile(ml) | 1.61km |
| 1760码 ＝1英里 | 1.61千米（公里） |
| 8 furlongs =1mile(ml) | 1.61km |
| 8浪（弗隆）＝1英里 | 1.61千米（公里） |
| quare Measure/Area 面积 | S单位 |
| square inch (sq in) | 6.45 sq cm |
| 1平方英寸 | 6.45平方厘米 |
| square mile(sq ml) | 2.599 sq km |
| 1平方英里 | 2.599平方公里 |
| 100 sq ml | roughly 260 sq km |
| 100平方英里 | 约等于260平方公里 |
| acre/4840 sq yd |  |
| (for land measurement) | 0.405 hectares |
| 1英亩／4840平方码 | 0.405公顷 |
| （用于丈量土地） |  |
| Weight／Mass 重量／质量 |  |
| 1ounce (oz) | 28.35 grams |
| 1盎司（安士） | 28.35克 |
| 16 ounces=1 pound(lb) | 0.45kg |
| 16盎司（安士）＝1磅 | 0.45千克（公斤） |
| 14 pounds=1 stone(st) | 6.35kg |
| 14磅＝1英石 | 6.35千克（公斤） |
| stones =1 hundred- |  |
| weight (cwt) | 50.80kg |
| 8英石＝1英担20 cwt/2240 lb=1 ton | 50.80千克（公斤）1,016 kg |

1英寸

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sured by multiplying the length by the width 面积：The area of a room that is 10 feet by 15 feet is 150 square feet．一间宽十英尺、长十五英尺的房间的面积是一百五十平方英尺．2［C］aparticular space or surface 某一特定空间：You haven＇t cleaned the area underthe table.你没把桌子底下打扫干净．3［C］a part or division ofthe world， esp the one around one＇s home 地区；区域：There aren＇t many wild birds in this area.这地区野鸟不多.This farming area produces good vegetables.这个农业区生产优质蔬菜.I sell things in the area north of the big city.我在那个大城市以北的地区销售东西.I amthe area salesman for that part of the country. 我是国内那一地区的区域推销员．4［C］（fig）arange,as of ideas, work, or activity;a subject or specialist field 领域；学科；专业：There have been many developments in the area of lan-guage teaching.语言教学领域已有了许多进展.

mass /mæs/ [U] (in science) the amount of matter in a body, measured by the power used in changing its movement（科学上的）质量

volume /'vplju:m/ [U] 1 size or quantity thought of as measurement of the space inside or filled by something 容量；体积：The volume of this container is 100,000 cubic metres.这一容器的容量是十万立方米.Thevolume of water in the pan decreased when he boiled it．他把水煮沸后，锅里的水量减少了．2（degree of） fullness or loudness of sound （声音的）响度；音量：He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full volume.他听音乐时喜欢把收音机开足音量.The television istoo loud； turn the volume down.电视机太响了， 把音量调小一点.

weight /weit/1 [U] the heaviness of anything, esp as measured by a certain system 重量：She never eats and is losing weight.她什么都不吃， 体重愈来愈轻．2［U］tech the force with which any body is drawn towards the centre of the earth 重力：The weight of an object is related to the force of gravity [→L9],which is fixed, and to its mass.物体的重力与固定的地心吸力及物体的质量有关．3［C］ a piece of metal of oneof several standard weights which can be balanced against any substance to measure an equal weight of that substance 砝码；秤锤；秤砣： This is a one-pound weight．这是一磅的砝码．4 [C] a heavy object used for holding something down 重物（压东西用）：We spread the map on the ground, putting stones as weights on each corner.我们把地图铺在地上，每个角上用石块压住.5 [U] a system of standard measures of weight 衡制；衡量法6［U］（fig）value or importance 分量；价值；重要性：This is an idea which bears weight with us．这个主意对我们来说很有分量．7[C](something with) a large amount of weight 重物：It＇s not sensible to lift weights after an operation．手术后提重物是不明智的．8[C](fig) (something giving) a sense of worry or anxiety 负担；忧愁：The loss of the money is a weight on my mind. 我丢了钱心里很沉重.weighted [B] having a weight on; having had a heavy material added 有重量的；加上重物的：Fishing nets are weighted.鱼网下端系着重物.

Special US Weights 特别的美国重量单位

hundred- 45.36kg

weight 45.36千克（公斤）

（短）英担

2000 907.18kg

ton 907.18千克（公斤）

（短）吨

20(short) 907.18kg

ton

20（短）英担＝1（短）吨 907.18千克（公斤）

Liquid Measure/Capacity (Br)

液量单位／容量（英制）

1及耳 0.14 litres

1gill 0.14公升

4及耳＝1品脱 0.57 litres

2 0.57公升

2品脱＝1夸脱 1.14 litres

8 gallon(gal) 1.14公升

4.546 litres

8品脱／4夸脱 加仑 4.546公升

Liquid Measure/Capacity (US)

液量单位／容量（美制）

1 US liquid gill 0.118 litres

1美制液体及耳 0.118公升

0.473 litres

4 gills =1 US liquid pint

4及耳＝1美制液体品脱 0.473公升

2 pints=1 US liquid quart

3.785 litres

J67 weights and measures 重量与度量： the metric system 公制

J68 MEASUREMENT 计量

Weight／Mass 重量／质量

1gram（me）（g／gm）克 0.035 ounces 盎司

2.205 pounds 磅2204.6 pounds 磅

公吨 0.984 of a ton/

tons（Br）英吨， 1.1（US）美吨

Liquid Measure／Capacity 液量单位／容量

1.759 pints (Br)

1litre（1）公升 （英）品脱，

1.057 quarts (US)

1 hectolitre = 100 litres （美）夸脱

百公升 公升 21.99 gallons (Br)

（英）加仑，

26.4(US)

（美）加仑

Notes［注释］

1 The Latin compounding elements deci-(ten), centi- (hundred), and milli- (thou-sand) are used for fractions of a metric unit: one tenth, one hundredth, and one thou-sandth respectively.拉丁语构词成分 deci-（十）、centi-（百）和milli-（千）是用来表示公制单位的小数，依次为十分之一、百分之一和千分之

2 The Greek compounding elements deca-(ten), hecto- (hundred), and kilo- (thou-sand) are used for multiplications of a metric unit; ten times, a hundred times, and a thousand times respectively. Mega-stands for a million times. 希腊语构词成分 deca-（十）、hecto-（百）和 kilo-（千）是用来表示公制单位的倍数，依次为十倍、百倍和千倍.Mega-表示百万倍.

1kilogram（kg）千克（公斤）

1 tonne/metric ton (MT/t)

1000 kilograms 千克（公斤）

2品脱＝1美制液体夸脱 0.946 litres

4 quarts =1 US gallon 0.946公升

4夸脱＝1美制液体加仑 3.785公升

Metric Tables

公制表

Length／Distance 长度／距离

1 centimetre（cm）厘米

100cm=1 metre(m)

厘米 米（公尺）

1000 metres =1 kilometre

米（公尺） (km)

千米（公里）

Traditional

Equivalent

传统制对应量

0.39 inches/

of an inch 英寸

39.37 inches 英寸

0.62 of a mile/

0.62 miles 英里

USAGE ［用法说明］：In writing abbreviations of weights and measures, many people add an 's' for plurals: ozs,lbs, cms,etc,for oz,lb,cm. 用度量衡的缩写形式时，许多人加“s＇表示复数，如用ozs，lbs，cms 等而不用oz，lb，cm. In US spell-ing all -tre forms are -ter： meter，liter，etc.在美式拼法中，所有的-tre都写成-ter，例如 meter，liter 等. For measurement of volume， cubic is generally used in both systems: cubic inches, cubic centimetres，etc.量度体积时，＇cubic＇-词两种制度都通用，如cubic inches（立方英寸），cubic centimetres（立方厘米）等.

Square Measure／Area 面积单位

（sq cm）平方厘米 0.155 square

1 square centimetre inches 平方英寸

（sqm）平方米（公尺） 1.196 square

1 square metre yards 平方码

1 hectare 2.47 acres 英亩

(for land measurement)(ha)

公顷（用于丈量土地） 247 acres 英亩

100 hectares 公顷

J68 nouns 名词：miles，knots， and acres 英里、海里与英亩

mile /mail/ [C] 1 (a measure of length or dis-tance equal to） 1,609 metres or 1,760 yards 英里（＝1,609公尺或1,760码）：A fast walker can walk 4 miles an hour．一个走路快的人每小时能走四英

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J80 MONEY 货币

里．He has a 20-mile drivela 10 miles＇ drive each day to and from his work.他每天上下班要开车二十英里／十英里.They walked for miles（＝a very long way） without seeing a house.他们走了好几英里路也没看见一幢房子．2 ［usu pl］（fig） infml a very long way；a great deal 很远的路；离得很远：He was miles out in his calcu-lations （＝ they were completely wrong）.他的计算太离谱了.This book is miles too difficult for a boy of his age.这本书对于他这样年龄的孩子来说实在太难了.There＇s no one within milesof him/within a mile of him as a cricketer (= he is the best one）.就板球手而言，他是无与伦比的.

nautical mile [C] 1/60 of a degree or 1,853 metres (=6,080 feet), the measure of distance （and speed） used at sea 海里（＝一纬度的六十分之一，即1,853米或6,080英尺）；浬

knot/npt/[C] a measure of the speed of a ship 节（＝海里／小时，船速单位）：That ship can do 20knots (= is able to sail at 20 nautical miles an hour）.这艘船航速可达二十节（每小时能航行二十海里）.The ship was going at a good rate of knots（＝going fast）.这艘船正在高速航行.

fathom /'fæðəm/ [C] a unit of measurement of the depth of water（＝6 feet；1.8 metres）英寻（＝6英尺或1.8米，测水深用）：The sunken shiplay at a depth of 20 fathoms/lay 20 fathoms deep.沉船位于水深二十英寻处.

mileage /'mailid3/ [U] 1 the distance that is travelled or measured in miles 英里数；（以英里为单位的）里程：How much mileage has that car done？那辆汽车已行驶过多少里程？Hisannual mileage is 10,000 miles (= he dives 10,000 miles in a year）．他一年行驶一万英里．(fig) You won't get much mileage out of him （＝He won＇t help you much）.他帮不了你多少忙．2 also 又作 mileage allowance money paid for travelling on business at so much a mile 按英里计算的旅费津贴：When I use my caron business I get paid mileage； 10p a mile．我用自己的汽车出差时，可按里程得到津贴，每英里十便士.

acre /'eikə/ [C] a measure of land; 4,840 square yards or about 4,047 square metres 英亩（＝ 4,840平方码或约4,047平方米）：A full-sizedfootball field measures a little more than 2 acres.一个标准足球场占地两英亩多一点.

Money

货币

J80 nouns，etc 名词等：money and finance 货币与金融

money /'mani/ [U] 1 pieces of metal made into coins, or paper notes with their value printed on them, given and taken in buying and sell-

ing 金钱；货币（包括硬币和纸币）：He doesn＇tusually carry much money on him (= in his pockets）．他身上通常不带许多钱．2 wealh 财富：Money doesn＇t always bring happiness.财富并不总是带来幸福.He made his money（＝became rich) buying and selling land for house building.他靠买卖建造房屋的土地发了财.He lost all his money when his business company failed.他的商业公司倒闭后，他彻底破产了.in the money infml in a position where one can gain a great deal of wealth 处于发财的地位：If this old picture of ours really is by a famous artist，we＇re in the money.如果我们这张古画真的出自名家之手，我们就发财了.one＇smoney's worth full value for the money one has spent 钱花得上算：We enjoyed the film so much that we felt we'd got our money's worth. 我们很喜欢这部电影，觉得票钱花得很上算.paygood money (for something) infml to pay a high price （for something）付高价（买某物）： Look after that watch your father gave you; he paid good money for it.要好好爱护你父亲给你的那个手表，他是出高价买来的.put moneyinto to lend money to people starting or con-trolling (a business), in the hope of getting good interest 投资于

cash /kæf/ [U] 1 money in coins and notes, rather than cheques 现钱；现款：I＇ve no cash on me， can I pay you tomorrow？我身边没带现钱，明天付给你行吗？2 infml money in any form钱：If I had more cash I＇d go round the world. 如果我有更多的钱，我就去环游世界.cash downpayment made for goods in the form of notes and coins before the goods leave the shop 当场付现款；用现金支付

currency/'karənsi/ [C; U] the particular type of money in use in a country 通货；货币：The German currency is one of the strongest currencies in the world.德国货币是世界上最强的通货之一.How much currency may one take out of the country？一个人可以带多少货币出国？How much foreign currency do you take with you when you go abroad？出国时你带多少外币？

fund/fAnd/1 [C] a supply or sum of money set apart for a special purpose 资金；基金；专款： Part of the school sports fund will be used for improving the condition of the football field. 部分学校体育基金将用来改善足球场的状况．2［Cusu sing] (fig) a store or supply (of non-material things） ready for use as needed 储备； 储藏物（指非物质的东西）：When explaining anew point to a class,it helps a teacher to have a fund of good examples to make his meaning clear.教师在课堂上解释一个新的要点时，如备有很多好例子，会有助于使其意思清晰易懂．3［T1 usupass] to provide money for (an activity, or-ganization，etc）给···提供资金：The scientists＇ search for a cure for this disease is being funded by the government.政府提供资金让科学家研究治疗这种疾病的方法.

funds /fandz/ [P] money in one's possession, ready for use 储备金；现款：Our company＇s losses are being repaid out of government funds.我们公司的损失正在用政府的储备金偿付.

668

I'm in funds just now (= have plenty of money to spend）.此刻我手头有钱.By the end of the week I usually get a bit short of funds （＝without much money）.一到周末，我通常手头就紧一点.

finance/fə'næns/ [U] money,esp of a govern-ment or large business（尤指政府或大公司的）钱；财力：Do you have enough finance for this job？你们是否有足够的财力来进行这项工作？

finances /fə'nænsiz/ [P] genl money as it is used 财源；财政情况：What state are his finances in？他的财政状况如何？The country＇s finances are not good.国家的经济状况不佳.

kitty /'kiti/ [S] a sum of money collected by a group of people and used for an agreed purpose (esp in card games, taken by the winner）共同的资金（尤指牌戏中赌桌上各家投赌注的总额）：How much money is left in the kitty？集资的钱还剩多少？

J81 nouns 名词：coins and change 硬币与零钱

coin/komn/1 [C] a piece of metal, usu flat and round, made by a government for use as money 硬币：We don＇t use gold coins any more.我们不再使用金币了.In Britain we use acoin for 50 pence，not a note．在英国，我们使用的五十便士是硬币，而不是纸币．2［U］such piecescollectively 硬币的统称：He paid me in coin.他付给我硬币.

coinage/'komnid3/ [U]1 the act of making coins 造币；铸币：Only the government has the right of coinage today．今天，只有政府才有造币权．2metal coins collectively；currency 硬币总称；货币：What sort of coinage do they use in France？他们在法国使用什么货币？3 the coinsmade by coining 铸造出来的硬币

token/'təukən/ [C] 1 a piece of metal used instead of coins for a particuar purpose（作某种用途的）金属代币：The council gives oldpeople free tokens with which they can pay for journeys on buses.地方议会向老年人免费发给乘公共汽车的代币．2 a receipt， usu fixed to agreetings card, which one can exchange for the stated thing in a shop 代价券；礼券：My aunt sent me a record token for my birthday. 我姑妈为祝贺我生日寄来一张唱片礼券.He gaveher a gift token (= that one can exchange for anything in a particular shop）.他给了她一张礼券.

note /nəut/ esp BrE, bill /bil/ esp AmE [C] a piece of paper money 纸币；钞票：He gave her a pound note／a ten-pound note.他给了她一张一英镑的钞票／一张十英镑的钞票.Have youchange for a dollar bill？你可以换一元纸币的零钱吗？How much of the money is in notes and how much in coin／cash？这笔钱中有多少是纸币，有多少是硬币／现钱？

banknote /'bænk,nəut/ [C] a piece of paper money printed for the national bank of a country for public use 钞票

J82 MONEY 货币

denomination/dr,npmə'neıfən/ [C] a standard of quantity, size, measurement, or esp value （数量、大小或价值的）单位；（货币）面值：Thebanknotes were in denominations of five,ten, and twenty pounds.这些钞票的面值分别为五英镑、十英镑和二十英镑.

change／tfeind3／［U］ 1 coins of low value 零钱： Have you got any change in your pockets？你口袋里有零钱吗？How much have you got inchange？你有多少零钱？2 money in low value coins or notes exchanged for a coin or note of higher value（用较高币值的钱换的）零钱：Canyou give me change for £5？你能换给我五英镑零钱吗？3 the money returned when the amount given is more than the cost of the goods being bought（找回的）零钱：If it cost 25 pence and you gave her a pound you should get 75 pence change.要是它价值二十五便士，而你给了她一英镑，你找回的零钱就应为七十五便士.You＇ve givenme too much change by mistake！你错给我太多的零钱了！

small change ［U］ coins，esp of low value 小零钱；小额硬币：I don＇t have any small change， only notes.我没有零钱，只有钞票.

J82 nouns 名词：cheques and credits 支票与汇票

cheque BrE,check AmE/tfek/1[C;by U] a written order to a bank, usu made on a specially printed sheet of paper supplied by the bank, to pay a certain sum of money from one＇s bank account to another person 支票：I＇d like to pay by cheque, please, rather than in cash．我想用支票支付，而不是付现钱．2［C］ asmall printed sheet of paper supplied to a customer by a bank, on which such an order can be written（空白）支票：Can you please let me have 30 cheques？请给我三十张空白支票行吗？crossed cheque esp BrE ［C］ a cheque which must be put into a bank account before being paid 划线支票（需存入银行账户后才能兑现）cheque book BrE, checkbook AmE [C] a book of new cheques supplied by a bank to a person who keeps money in the bank 支票簿

draft /dra:ft/ [C; by U] a written order for money to be paid by a bank, esp from one bank to another 汇票：They made a draft on the Glasgow branch of the bank for £50 for Mr Smith.他们给史密斯先生开了一张可向格拉斯哥分行支取五十英镑的汇票.He got money fromParis to Rome by draft. 他以汇票方式把钱从巴黎转到罗马支取.

order /'o:də/ [C often in comb] a written or printed paper which allows the holder some-thing, such as to be paid money, to see a house that is for sale，etc 汇票；汇单；许可证：I have an order on the Bank of Scotland/an order to see the house.我有一张苏格兰银行的汇票／一张看房子的许可证.

postal order BrE [C] an official paper of a certain value that one person can buy from a

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J83 MONEY 货币

post office and send to another person, who can then take it to any post office and get the amount of money the first person paid for it 邮政汇票

money order [C] 1 BrE an official paper,like a postal order but higher in value 汇票（面额一般比 postal order 高）2 AmE a postal order 邮政汇票

J83 nouns 名词：British money 英国货币

Old British currency 英国旧货币

（£ s d ＝ pounds， shillings，and pence 英镑、先令和便士）

4 farthings 四分一便士 penny（1d）便士

12 pennies／pence 便士 shilling（1／-）先令

20 shillings 先令 ．＝1pound（£1）英镑

21 shillings 先令 guinea（1gn）畿尼

New British decimal currency 十进制的英国新货币

（£p＝pounds and pence 英镑和便士）

1 penny（p）便士

100 pence 便士 pound（£l or £1.00）英镑

halfpenny also 又作 ha＇penny／＇heipni／ ［C］ 1 also 又作 infml half p （in Great Britain after 1971) a very small copper and tin (bronze) coin，two of which make a （new） penny；1／p 半便士；半便士的硬币（1971年后英国使用的）-2（inGreat Britain before 1971) a bronze coin,two of which made a penny 半便士硬币（1971年以前英国使用的）

penny／＇peni／1 ［C］ also 又作 new penny，infml p (in Great Britain after 1971) a smal bronze coin， 100 of which make a pound（1971年起英国使用的）便士（硬币）2［C］（in Great Britain before 1971) a bronze coin, 12 of which made a shilling；1d（1971年前英国使用的）便士（硬币）3［S］ a small amount of money 少量的钱：The journey won't cost you a penny ifyou come in my car.如果你搭我的车子来，可以不花一分钱.

NOTE［注释］：In Great Britain， the USA，and Canada, the pl pennies is usedwhen speaking or writing of the coins themselves, not as an amount of money 在英国、美国和加拿大，penny的复数形式pennies 用来指硬币本身，不表示钱的多少，如：He had a number of coins in his pocket， but no pennies.他口袋里有好多硬币，但没有一便士的硬币.The pl pence or p is usedwhen speaking or writing about an amount of money 当用来指钱的多少时，penny的复数形式在书写或口语体中用 pence，或省略作p，如：It willonly cost a few pence.这东西只值几个便士.andesp when combined with a number, to name a particular amount of money that is more than 1 penny 特别用在数字之后表示超过一便士的钱数时，总是用pence或p，如：six pence 六便士；10p十便士-penny ［comb form］ costing（the stated number of） pence 表示···便士：a four-penny stamp一枚四便士邮票sixpence/'sikspəns/[C] (in Great Britian until

1971） a coin worth six old pennies；6d（1971年

前英国使用的）六便士（硬币）：Have you got anysixpences to put in this machine？你有六便士一枚的硬币放进这机器里吗？

shilling/'filn/ [C]1 (in Great Britain until 1971)

a coin equal to 12 pence and 1／20 of £1（1971年

前英国使用的）先令：£1 6s

pound six shillings and 3 pence 一英镑六先令三

便士2 a coin worth this amount， now 5 deci-

mal pence； infml a 5p coin 一先令硬币（现为五

便士硬币）

florin/'flprmn/ [C] (in Great Britain until 1971) a coin worth two shillings（＝10 pence）弗罗林银币（1971年前在英国使用，合两先令或十便士）

crown/kraun/ [C] formerly a coin of value, esp a British coin worth 5 shillings or a quarter of a pound 克朗（英国旧硬币，合五先令，或四分之一英镑）

half crown,half a crown [C] (in Great Britain until 1971) a coin worth two shillings and sixpence（1971年前在英国使用）半克朗（旧硬币，合二个半先令）

pound/paund/1[C] the standard of money in several countries 镑（好儿个国家的货币单位）：He bought Egyptian pounds．他买了些埃及镑．2 ［the R］ also 又作 sterling ［U］ the British money system 英国货币 3［the R］ the value at any particular time of the British pound at international money exchange rate（不同兑换率的）英镑（值）：The pound rose yesterday（＝ gained in value）.昨天英镑升值了.

sovereign/'spvrin/ (in Great Britain formerly) a gold coin worth one pound but now having much greater value esp to collectors, etc, although not used as money 旧时英国的一种金币（面值一英镑，现不通用）

J84 informal nouns 非正式名词：British money［C］英国货币

copper /'kopə/ a coin of low value made of the metals copper andtin；a penny（一便士）铜币tanner／＇tænə／a sixpence 六便士硬币

bob/bpb/[Wn3] a former coin, the shilling (= 5p）（旧硬币）先令（等于五便士）：It＇ll cost youfour bob.它要花掉你四先令.

quid ／kwid／［Wn3］ a pound （in money）一英镑

fiver／＇farvə／ £5 or a 5-pound note 五英镑；票面为五英镑的钞票

tenner／＇tenə／£10 or a 10-pound note 十英镑；票面为十英镑的钞票

J85 nouns 名词：North American money

［C］北美货币

US currency 美国货币

1．cent（1c）分

5 cents分＝1nickel 五分镍币

10 cents分＝1 dime一角银币

25 cents分＝1 quarter二角五分银币

100 cents 分＝1 dollar（＄1 or ＄1.00）元

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cent /sent/ .01 of any of certain money stan-dards， such as the dollar 分： That will cost you 50 cents．那要花掉你五十分钱．Have you got a5-cent coin？你有一枚五分的硬币吗？

penny /'peni/ (in the US and Canada) (a coin worth）a cent（美国和加拿大的）一分（硬市）

dollar /'dplə/1 [usu sing] any of various stan-dards of money, as used in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong,etc.It is worth 100 cents and its sign is ＄（美、加、澳、新、香港等的货币单位，其符号为＄）元：What isthe （American） dollar worth today？（美）元今天的币值是多少？2 a piece of paper，a coin，etc， of this value 值一元的纸币或硬币：He had asilver dollar.他有一元银币.

J86 informal nouns 非正式名词：North

American money ［C］北美货币

bit／bit／121cents 十二分半（esp in the phr two bits 二十五分）(= 25 cents or a quarter): I wouldn't give him two bits for that old book! 即使只花二十五分钱，我也不买那本旧书！

buck ／bak／ a dollar 一美元：How much does it cost？-Twenty bucks.它值多少钱？-二十块.

greenback／＇gri：n，bæk／a dollar bill一美元钞票； 美钞

grand／grænd／［Wn3］1,000 dollars一千美元

J87 nouns 名词： some other currencies ［C］其它一些货币

mark／ma：k／Germany 马克（德国）

frane /frænk/ France, Switzerland, Belgium, and many countries that formerly belonged to France 法郎（法国、瑞士、比利时以及许多从前为法国属地的国家）

yen／jen／［Wn3］Japan元（日本）

peseta／pə＇seitə／Spain 比塞塔（西班牙）

lira／＇lərə／Italy 里拉（意大利）

guilder /'gıldə/, florin /'flprin/ the Netherlands 盾（荷兰）

J88 verbs 动词：changing and converting money ［T1］兑换货币

change/tfeind3/ (of a person or organization) to give and receive (one kind of money for another）兑换：Can I change my British money for French money here？我可以在这儿把英国钱换成法国钱吗？Where can we change ourmoney？我们可以在哪儿兑换钱？

exchange /iks'tfeind3/ more fml (of a person or organization) to give and receive (some-thing in return for something else） 兑换；交换： Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds? 我可以在哪儿把美元换成英镑？

convert/kən'v3:t/fml & tech to change (money)

J91 MONEY 货币

兑换：He converted all his dollars into yen.他把自己所有的美元都换成日元.

J89 nouns 名词：exchange rates，etc 兑换率等

exchange rate also 又作 rate of exchange［C］ the value of the money of one country com-pared to that of another country 兑换率：What is the exchange rate of the pound today？今天英镑的兑换率是多少？

foreign exchange [U] money which a country, organization, or person has which belongs to countries other than his own 外汇：How much foreign exchange do you have？你有多少外汇？ Many countries are short of (= don't have much）foreign exchange.许多国家外汇短缺.

hard currency [U; C] 1 money based on gold, usu the US dollar 硬通货（以黄金为基础的，常指美元）2 a currency which is based on a successful economy硬通货（指以发达的经济为基础的货币）：The Swiss franc is （a） hard currency.瑞士法郎是一硬通货.

J90 verbs 动词：gaining and losing value 升值与贬值

appreciate /ə'prifi,et/ [IØ] to increase in value 升值：Houses in this area have all appreciated （in value） since the new road was built.自从建了新公路以来，这地区的房产都升值了.

depreciate ／dr＇pri：freit／［IØ］ to fall in value 贬值： The value of houses seldom depreciates.房产的价值难得下跌.

gain／gein／also 又作 rise／raiz／［IØ］ to become more in value 升值：The pound gained／rose against the dollar yesterday.昨天英镑对美元的汇价升值了.

lose ／lu：z／also 又作 fall／fo：l／1［T1］ to fail to keep （part of a value） 失去部分价值：Thepound lost one cent against the dollar today. 今天英镑对美元的汇价下跌了一美分．2［IØ］tobecome less in value 减值：The pound lost／fell against the dollar yesterday.昨天英镑对美元的汇价下跌了.

J91 nouns 名词：gaining and losing value 升值与贬值

appreciation/ə,pri:fr'erfən/ [U;S] a rise in value， esp of land or possessions 升值（尤指土地或财物）：There has been an appreciation in property values of 50％ in 3 years．三年来房地产升值了百分之五十.

depreciation/dı,prifr'eifən/ [U;S] a fall in value， esp of land or possessions（尤指土地、财物等）贬值：The depreciation in the value of a car is greatest in its first year.汽车在第一年贬值得最厉害.

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J92 MONEY 货币

gain／gein／ also 又作 rise ／raiz／ an increase in value 升值：There has been a gain／rise of 2 cents in the value of the pound against the dollar.英镑对美元的汇价上升了两美分.

loss／lps／also 又作 fall ／fo：l／［C］ a decrease in value 贬值：There has been a loss／fall of 2 cents in the value of the pound against the dollar.英镑对美元的汇价下跌了两美分.

J92 verbs 动词：inflation，etc 通货膨胀等

inflate /in'fleit/ [T1 usu pass] to cause (a country's money) to increase in amount and therefore decrease in value 使（通货）膨胀：The currency is inflated and is losing value.通货膨胀了，货币越来越不值钱了.

deflate/dr'fleit/[T1; IØ] to reduce the supply of money （of） or lower the level of prices （of） 紧缩（通货）：We must deflate （the economy） without producing unemployment.我们必须紧缩（经济）而又不造成失业.

reflate /rI'fleit/[T1; IØ] to increase the supply of money in (a money system) to a normal or desirable level 使通货再膨胀；增加货币供应量使其达到正常水平

float /fləut/1 [T1] to allow the exchange value of (a country's money) to vary freely from day to day 使（币值）浮动：By floating the pound the British Government hoped to improve Britain＇s trading position.英国政府希望通过使英镑币值浮动的办法来改善英国的贸易地位．2［IØ］(of a country's money) to vary freely in exchange value from day to day（币值）自由浮动：The pound floated（up／down）.英镑（向上／ 向下）自由浮动.

devalue /di:'vælju:/ [T1; IØ] to make the value of（money） less 使（货币）贬值：We had to devalue （our money） last year.去年我们不得不（使我们的货币）贬值.

revalue /ri:'vælju:/ [T1] 1 to make (the value of money） more， esp in relation to gold 重新调整币值：The US Government revalued the dollar. 美国政府重新调整了美元的币值．2 to find or sayagain the value of 对···重新估价：They revalued their possessions for insurance purposes.为了进行保险，他们对财产重新估价.

J93 nouns 名词：inflation，etc［U］通货膨胀等

inflation/mn'fleifən/ the rise in prices thought to be caused by increases in the cost of pro-duction(cost-push inflation) or an increase in the money supply (demand-pull inflation) 通货膨胀（因生产成本提高或货币供应增加而引起）inflationary [B] of or likely to cause inflation （容易引起）通货膨胀的

deflation /dr'fleifən/ a decrease in the amount of money (esp money to be lent) which is meant to produce lower prices 通货紧缩（减少货币量，以降低物价）

reflation /rr'flerfən/ the official practice of in-creasing the amount of money to a desirable level in relation to the amount of goods, in order to improve industrial activity 通货再膨胀（官方增加钱币发行，以增强工业活动）

devaluation /,di:vælju'eıfən/ an official reduc-tion in the exchange value of money by a lowering of its price in relation to the money of other countries or (esp in the past) in gold （货币）贬值

depression ／dr＇prefən／ also 又作 recession／rI-'sefən/ [C;U] a period of lowered business activity and high unemployment 不景气（时期）； 经济萧条：Many people still remember the great depression of the 1930s．许多人对二十世纪三十年代的经济大萧条仍然记忆犹新.We havesuffered a mild recession in trade, but things are better now.我们的贸易曾经有点不景气，但现在情况好转了.

Banking,wealth, and

investment

银行业、财富与投资

J100 verbs 动词：lending and borrowing 借出与借入

lend/lend/1[D1 (to);T1] to give (someone) the possession or use of (something, such as money or a car） for a limited time 把···借给： Could you lend me your car？你能把汽车借我吗？2［D1（to）；T1］ to supply （someone） with (something) on condition that it or something like it will be returned later 将（某物）借给（某人）；赊予：As the shops are shut， I＇ll lend you some bread．商店都关门了，我赊你一点面包吧．3[D1 (to); T1] to give out (money) for profit, esp as a business 贷（款）予4［T1］（fig）to add or give 增加；给：The many flags lent colour to the streets.那许多旗帜给街道增添了色彩.Thepresence of the King lent importance to the occasion.国王的驾临使那场合显得格外重要.Ilent the old woman my arm as she couldn't walk easily.我伸出手臂让老太太扶住，因为她走路困难.

loan/ləun/ [D1 (to)] esp AmE to give someone the use of； to lend 把···借给：He loaned me the money.他借钱给我.I loaned it to him.我把它借给他.

borrow /'bprəu/ 1 [T1; IØ] to take or receive (something) for a certain time and with inten-tion to return 借入；借用：He borrowed（£5） from a friend.他向一个朋友借了（五英镑）.P＇llborrow a book from a library.我要从图书馆借一本书．2 ［T1］ euph to take without permission 擅自拿走：Somebody seems to have borrowed my watch when I wasn＇t looking.似乎有人趁我不注意时把我的手表拿走了．3［T1；IØ］（fig）totake or copy （esp ideas，words，etc）借用（尤指

672

想法、词语等）；抄袭：English has borrowed （words）from many languages.英语借用了各种语言的词汇.

owe／əu／1 ［D1 （to）；T1］ to have to pay 欠：He owes（me）（£20）（for my work）．他欠（我）（二十英镑）（工钱）．2［T1（to）；（D1）］ to have to give 必须给：We owe loyalty to our country.我们必须忠于自己的国家．3［D1（to）］ to feel grateful（to）for 感激：We owe our parents a lot.我们非常感激自己的父母．owe to ［v prep D1］to admitas the cause, discoverer, or point of origin of 把···归功于：She owes her wealth to hard work and good luck.她把自己的富有归因于辛勤工作和好运.We owe that important new discovery to Einstein.我们把那个重要的新发现归功于爱因斯坦.We owe it to Marconi and Bell that we can now talk to people on the other side ofthe world.幸亏有马可尼和贝尔，我们现在才能与世界另一边的人们谈话.

pay back [v adv D1 (to); T1] to return (esp borrowed money） to（someone）归还（尤指借下的款项）；付还：P＇ll lend you £5 if you＇ll pay me back tomorrow.如果你能明天还给我，我就借给你五英镑.Don＇t lend anything to him；he never pays it back.什么也别借给他，他是从来不还的.

repay /r'pei/ [D1 (to); T1] esp fml & tech to pay back 归还；报答：When can you repay the money I lent you？你什么时候可以把我借给你的钱还给我？（fig）I can never repay you for all the things you have done for me.我永远无法报答你为我所做的一切.He repaid her love withhate.他用恨来回报她的爱.

finance /fə'næns/ [T1] to provide & supply money for (something or someone doing something）为···提供资金；资助：Who is financing this new business？是谁在为这家新企业提供资金？

J101 adjectives，etc 形容词等：lending and borrowing ［Wa5］借出与借入

due/dju:/1[F]fml owed or owing as a debt or right 欠的；应得的：A great deal of money is due to you.你应得到一大笔钱.Our gratefulthanks are due to you．我们应该向你表示感谢．2［A］ fml proper； suitable；enough 适当的；足够的；充分的：He drove with due care and atten-tion．他开车十分小心．3［prep］ esp AmE owed or owing as a debt or right to 应得的；欠的：Agreat deal of money is due you.你应得一大笔钱.

overdue /,əuvə'dju:/ [B]1 left unpaid too long 早该付的；过期未付的：This bill is （long） over-due.这帐单（早）过了付款期.You must paythese overdue bills.你必须付清这些过期未付的帐单．2［also 又作E］later than expected 迟到的； 过期了的：The train is 15 minutes overdue．火车晚了十五分钟.

outstanding /'aut'stændnj/ [B] still to be done or paid 未完成的；未付的：There are a numberof outstanding bills （to be paid）.有好几张未付的帐单.These bills have been outstanding for

J102 BANKING 银行业

some months.这些帐单拖了好几个月了，到现在还未结账.

J102 nouns 名词：lending and borrowing 借出与借入

[ALSO →J148,150]

loan ／ləun／ ［C］ 1 something which is lent 借出的东西：The book is a loan， not a gift.这本书是借出物，不是礼物．2 an amount of money lent 贷款：He got a £1,000 loan from the bank．他从银行得到一笔一千英镑的贷款．3 the act of lending借出：He got the loan of a book from a friend. 他从朋友处借到一本书.on loan beingborrowed，as a book is from a library 被借走： These books are on loan.这些书被借走了.

repayment/ri'permənt/1 [U] the act of repay-ing 归还：Repayment of the loan must be made soon．这笔借款必须很快归还．2［C］anexample of this 归还的实例：Can I pay you back in several repayments？我能分几次还你吗？ debt/det/1 [C; U] something owed to someone else 债：He owed a debt of £10．他欠了十英镑的债.（fig） I owe you a debt of gratitude （＝must be thankful） for your help.我欠着你的情，应感谢你的帮忙．2［U］the state of owing； the duty of repaying that which is owed 负债状态（often in phrs like in debt 欠下债；out of debt 还清债）：He was in debt when he was poor but has been out of debt since he got rich.他贫穷时负了一身债，但自从富起来后就都还清了.I am indebt to you for £10／your help．我欠你十英镑／我感谢你的帮忙.run into debt to begin to owemoney 开始负债

due/dju:/[C] something owing to someone or which someone deserves 欠的债；应得的东西：Have you paid your dues yet (= what you must pay）？你欠的钱付清了吗？（fig）Give him his due; he worked hard (= Accept that he worked hard）.说句公道话，他工作很努力.

arrears /ə'rıəz/ [P] 1 money that is owed and should have been paid 到期未付的债；（逾期未付的）欠款：Your arrears for rent add up to a large sum．你拖欠的房租加起来是一大笔钱．2work that is still waiting to be done 待做的事in arrears 1 in the state of owing money, esp for something that should be paid regularly 欠债状态（尤指应定期付的钱）：I am in arrears withmy rent．我欠了房租．2（esp of money）being owed（钱）拖欠的；欠人的：My rent is in arrears. 我的房租拖欠了.

overdraft /'əuvədra:ft/ [C] a payment to a person by a bank of more money than that person has in the bank 透支（额）（指支付的钱超过了存款）：We＇ve given her an overdraft of £100．我们让她透支一百英镑．

credit/'kredit/ [U] 1 a system of buying goods or services when they are wanted and paying for them later 赊购：If you have difficulties getting the money for something you want now，you can always buy it on credit.如果你现在想买东西而钱不方便的话，你随时可以赊购．2

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J103 BANKING 银行业

time given in the future for payment of goods bought at the present time 赊帐期限：He gave us a year＇s credit but no more.他给我们一年的赊帐期限，但不能再延长.

deposit/dr'ppzit/[C usu sing] a part payment of money, which is made so that the seller will not sell the goods to anyone else 定金；押金： You must pay a deposit to the hotel if you want them to keep a room free for you.如果你要旅馆为你保留一间空房，就必须付给他们一笔定金．The deposit on the car was £500．该汽车的定金是五百英镑.

J103 nouns 名词：persons lending money［C］贷款人

lender/'lendə/ a person lending (money, etc) to another person（钱等）出借者

moneylender/'mani,lendə/ sometimes deprec a person who lends money and charges in-terest on it， usu at a high rate 放债者（常收高利）

loan shark /'ləun Sa:k/ infml, derog a person who lends money at very high rates of in-terest 放高利贷者

banker /'bænkə/ a person who owns or con-trols or shares in the control of a bank, and lends money to other persons, to organiza-tions，etc 银行家

financier/fr'nænsrə/ someone who controls or

lends large sums of money 金融家［ALSO■J80］

creditor /'kreditə/ a person or firm to whom

money is owed 债权人或公司；债主

debtor／＇detə／ a person who owes money 负债人

J104 nouns 名词：banks，etc［C］银行等

bank/bænk/1 a place in which money is kept and paid out on demand and where related activities go on 银行2［C9］（fig） a place where something is held ready for use, esp organic products of human origin for medical use 贮存处；···库：Hospital blood banks have saved manylives．医院的血库救活了很多人．3（a personwho keeps) a supply of money or pieces for payment or use in a game of chance（赌博的） 庄家；庄家的赌本 bankbook also 又作 pass-book a book given by a bank and kept by a person as a record of money put in and taken out of the bank 银行存折 bank draft also 又作banker's draft, bank bill an order by one bank to another (esp a foreign bank) to pay a certain sum of money to someone 银行汇票

giro /'d3aıərəu/ (in Britain) a system of banking in which a central organization runs the ac-counts,which are held. at different branches, esp that used by the Post Office (National Giro）（英国）（尤指邮政局的）直接转账制度

exchange /Iks'tfeind3/ [C9 often cap] a place where business men and traders meet to buy and sell （goods of the stated type）交易处；交易

所：They sell corn at the Corn Exchange and shares in companies at the Stock Exchange. 他们在谷物交易处出售谷物，在股票交易所卖出各公司的股票.

safe/serf/ a box or cupboard with thick metal sides and a lock, sometimes built as part of a wall, used for protecting valuable things from theft and fire 保险箱：Put the money in the safe.把钱放在保险箱里.

strongbox /'stroi,bpks/ a box made for keeping money and other things of value 保险箱：Put the money in the strongbox.把钱放在保险箱里.

strongroom/'stron,rum/ a room esp in a bank, like a large safe，for keeping money（银行等的）保险库

vault /vo:lt/ [often pl] an underground strong-room, esp for keeping money, esp in a bank （银行等存放金钱的）地下保险库

treasury /'tregəri/ 1 a place where money and other valuable things are kept 宝库；金库2［the GU] a department of government that col-lects and pays out government money 财政部

J105 nouns 名词：accounts in banks， etc ［C］银行帐目等

account/ə'kaunt/1 a sum of money which may be added to and taken from, placed in a bank, etc; an arrangement with a bank etc for putting in and taking out money（银行里的）存款；帐户：She has an account with us／a bank account.她在我们这儿有账户／有银行账户.Myaccount is empty．我的帐户里没有钱了．2astatement of money owed 帐单；欠帐：I haven＇t paid last month＇s account from the shop.我还没有付清那家商店上个月的帐.Will you add thecost to my account as I haven't any money with me？我没有带钱，请把这笔费用记在我帐上，行吗？（fig）I have an account to settle with you for calling me a thief！你把我叫做贼，我要跟你算帐！3 a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business,esp for a particular period or at a particular date （某一段时间里银行开列的）帐目清单；结算表：Thebank sends me an account/statement each month.银行每个月寄给我一分帐目清单／结算表.The accounts show we have spent more than we received.帐单显示出我们支出大于收入.

current account BrE,checking account AmE a bank account which usu does not earn interest and from which money can be taken out at any time by cheque 往来帐户；活期户（通常无利息，可凭支票提款的银行账户）

deposit account BrE a bank account which earns interest and from which money can usu be taken out only if advance notice is given （可拿利息但需预先通知方可提款的）存款账户

savings account 1 BrE any of various kinds of bank accounts earning higher interest than a deposit account 储蓄存款帐户（利息较存款账户deposit account 为高）2 AmE any interest-earning account 储蓄存款账户

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credit account BrE, charge account AmE an account with a shop which allows one to take goods at once and pay for them in the future／later（商店的）信用账户：He has a credit account withlat Harrod＇s.他在哈罗德公司有信用账户.

expense account the record of money spent on travel, hotels, etc, in the course of one's work, which will be paid by one's employer （由老板支付的）旅差费帐目：I＇ll charge the mealto my expense account.我将从旅差费中报销这顿饭的费用.

statement／＇steitmənt／also 又作 fml statement of account a list showing amounts of money paid,received,.owing, etc, and their total, esp in a bank account，etc 报告书；结算表：I get a statement from my bank every month.我每月收到一张银行寄来的结算表.

J106 verbs 动词：banking and saving 存款与储蓄

bank/bænk/1 [T1] to put or keep(money) in a bank 把···存入银行：It＇s better to bank your money than to keep it at home.把你的钱存入银行比放在家里好．2［L9］to keep one＇s money（esp in the stated bank）存款（于银行）：Where do you bank？你在哪家银行存钱？I bank withThe Royal Bank.我在皇家银行存钱.

deposit/dr'ppzit/ [T1] 1 to place in a bank or strongbox 把···存放（银行或保险箱）；存储：He＇sdeposited quite a lot of money recently.他最近存入了许多钱．2 to pay （part of a sum due） as asign that the rest will be paid later 付定金；下定钱：I was asked to deposit £10 on a £60 suit and pay the rest in a month＇s time.他们要我先付十英镑定金来买那套价值六十英镑的衣服，其余的钱在一个月内付清.

save/serv/1[IØ] to keep and add to an amount of money for lateruse 储蓄：Children should learn to save. 小孩应学会储蓄.We＇re saving （up）for a new car.我们正在储蓄准备买一辆新汽车．2 ［D1； T1］ to keep and not spend or use，as for a special purpose or for use later 节省；保留；保存（以备后用）：It＇ll save me 50p if I buythe large-size box.我买大号箱子的话，可以节省五十便士.He saved his strength for an effort in the last minute of the race.他保存体力准备作最后的冲刺.It will save time if we drive the car instead of walking.要是我们以车代步，便可以节省时间.

save up [v adv T1; IØ] to save (money) esp for a purpose（尤指为一目的而）储蓄：I＇m saving up(my money/£5 a week) to buy her a present. 我正在储蓄（钱／每周五英镑）准备给她买一件礼物.He＇s saving up for a holiday.他正在储蓄准备去度假.

put away/by [v adv T1] not fml to save (esp money） for later use 存（尤指钱）以备后用；储蓄（钱）：He has a good sum of money put away （in the bank）for his old age.他把一大笔钱（放在银行里）存起来以备晚年之用.Put it away for

J108 BANKING 银行业

later.把它存起来以后用.

put aside [v adv T1] to save (esp part of a sum of money） for a special use（为某特殊目的）储蓄（一部分钱）：Put aside £5 a week for your holiday.每星期存五英镑作为度假费用.

J107 verbs 动词：paying in and investing money 存钱与投资

pay in [v adv T1; (IØ)] to put (money) in a bank，special account，etc 把（钱）存入（银行、特殊账户等）：He paid the money in yesterday. 他昨天存了款.Have you paid in.yet？你存了款吗？

pay /pei/ [X9, esp into] to put (a form of money) (into a bank, an account, etc) for safe-keeping 把（钱、支票等）存入（银行、账户等）：He paid the cheque into his wife＇s ac-count.他把支票存入他妻子的账户.

invest /in'vest/ [T1; IØ] to put (money) in a business where it will gain interest 投资：He invested £100．他投资了一百英镑．You shouldinvest instead of wasting your money.你的钱应该用来投资而不该挥霍掉.Invest your moneyin／with the bank.把你的钱投资到银行吧.

speculate /'spekjuleit/[IØ (in)] to invest, buy, or sell goods, shares [■J114], etc, in the hope of making a profit quickly 做投机买卖；投机：He likes speculating in property.他喜欢做房地产投机生意.speculation ［U；C］ the act or result of speculating 投机 speculator［C］ a person who speculates 投机者

J108 verbs 动词：drawing out and。cashing money 提款与兑现

draw /dro:/1 [X9; (T1)] to take (money) from a bank or other such place（从银行等）支取（钱）； 提取（银行存款）：He drew some money from his account.他从自己的帐户上支取了些钱.Hedrew a lot of money out．他提取了一大笔钱．2[T1] (of money, business shares, etc) to earn （指钱、股分等）赚：His money is drawing in-terest in the bank．他的钱正在银行生利息．3［T1］to prepare （esp a cheque） properly 开（尤指支票）：He drew a cheque on his New York bank. 他开了一张纽约银行支票.

withdraw /wið'dro:/ [T1] to take away or back （esp money in a bank）取回；拿回；收回；提取（尤指银行存款）：He withdrew £50 from his bank account.他从自己的银行帐户上提取了五十英镑.

take out ［v adv T1］ not fml to withdraw 取出（钱）：How much money did she take out of her account last week？她上星期从自己的账户上取出了多少钱？

cash/kæf/ [D1 (for); T1] to exchange (a cheque or other order to pay） for cash 兑现（支票或汇票等）：Cash me this，please.请给我兑现这张支票.Can you cash this postal order for that old lady，please？请你给那位老太太兑现那张邮政汇

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