£5 a week towards her keep．她每周拿出五英镑作生活费.

upkeep /'Ap,ki:p/ the äct and/or cost of keeping (something, usu a house, etc) in good con-dition（房屋的）保养；维修；维修费；保养费：Theupkeep of this house is expensive.保养这所房子的费用很高.

retention /rr'tenfən/ the act of retaining or being retained 维持；保留；保持：They hope for the retention of the old laws.他们希望保留旧有的法律.

maintenance /'meintənəns/ 1 the act of main-taining 维持；保持；维修；保养：The maintenance of the house costs a lot.维修这所房子要花很多钱．2 the money given to wives or children by a husband who does not live with them 赡养费maintenance order [C] an order made by a court of law that a person, esp a man, should maintain others， esp his wife and children 法院判一方（尤指男方）付给另一方（妻子和子女）赡养费的裁决；赡养令

supply/sə'plaı/ [C; U often in comb] some-thing which is or can be supplied [→D100], usu regularly in known amounts 供应；供给；提供；给养：We have a good supply of water here. 我们这里供水充足.The water supply here isgood.这里的供水充足.The army needs bigger supplies of food.军队需要更多的粮食供应.Foodis in short supply(= Food cannot easily be obtained）.食物短缺（供应不足）.

store /sto:/1 [C usu sing] a supply (of some-thing） to keep ready for use when needed 贮藏；贮存（物）；备用品；补给品：He always keeps agood store of food in case he can't get to the shops.他总是贮备许多食物，以备他不能去商店采购时食用．2［（the）C］ a place where such goods are kept 仓库；货栈：Put the bottles in the store. 把这些瓶子放到仓库里去．storage ［U］1 the actof storing 贮藏；保管 2 a place for storing goods 仓库；货栈：He put all his furnitur in storage when he went to America.他去美国时， 把所有家具都存放在仓库里.What storage spacedo you have here？你这里的仓库有多大的贮藏空间？

D96 verbs 动词：holding things［T1］抓住

东西

hold/həuld/1 to keep with a part of the body, esp the hands（尤指用手）拿住；握住；抓住；夹住：He held the flowers while she cut some more. 他拿着花，她又多剪了一些.She is holding thebaby（in her arms）．她（双手）抱着婴儿．2［X9］ to put or keep (a part of the body) in a certain position（使身体）保持（一定姿态）：They held their hands up.他们举起手来.The dog held its tail between its legs.狗用双腿夹着尾巴. Hold （yourself） still.别动.Hold your hand out．把手伸出来．3 to keep back or control 忍住；止住；控制：They held their breath in fear.他们吓得屏住了呼吸．4 to keepin control or in one＇spossession 占据；守住：The city is held by the

D96 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

enemy．这座城市被敌人占领了．5［Wv6］ topossess （money， land，or a position）拥有（钱财、土地、地位）：He holds a halfshare in the business.他拥有这个企业的一半股份.They holdthe right to hunt on this land.他们有权在这地区打猎.She holds the office of chairman.她担任主席之职．6［also 又作X7］（fig） to keep （inan interested state of mind） 保持（某种精神状态）：His speech held them silent／held their attention.他的演讲吸引着他们，使他们安静下来／全神贯注.We held ourselves in readiness for bad news.我们作了最坏的打算，准备接到坏消息.7 [often pass] (of objects) to keep or support in position（指物体）保持（一定状态）：The carholds the road well.这辆汽车抓路面抓得很稳.Her hair was held back by a piece of string.她用一条带子把头发扎住.The roof was held up bypillars．屋顶由柱子支撑着．8 ［often pass］ tomake （something） happen 使···发生；使进行： We were holding a meeting.我们正在开会.The meeting was held last night.会议在昨晚举行.

take／teik／ to get in one＇s hands， etc 拿；取；抓： He took the book which she gave him,and looked at it.他接过她给他的书，并看了看.Takethis and keep it carefully.把这拿去，要小心保存.He took my hand and shook it.他抓住我的手握了握.（fig）They took control of the business from the others.他们从别人手中接管了业务.Hetook a walk in the park.他在公园里散步.

seize/si:z/1 to take hold of quickly, eagerly, or strongly（迅速、用力地）抓住；捉住；攫住；夺；抢：He seized my hand, shook it, and said how glad he was to see me.他抓住我的手，握着说他见到我非常高兴．2 to take possession of a byforce（用武力强行）占领；夺取：The enemy armyseized the fort. 敌军占领了堡垒.b by official order（依法）没收；扣押；查封：The unlawful weapons found in the house were seized by the police.在那所房子查获的非法武器被警方没收了．3［often pass （with）］ to attack or take control of（someone＇s body or mind）侵袭；支配；控制（肉体或精神）：He was seized withsudden chest pains.他突然感到胸口疼痛.Thedesire to be a singer had seized her.她心里充满了想当歌星的欲望.seize （up）on ［v prep］ totake and use eagerly 抓住；连忙接受：She had always wanted to go to Greece so she seized on the offer of a free trip.她一直想去希腊，所以连忙接受那个免费旅行的提议.

grip／grip／1 to hold tightly 紧握；紧夹；抓住：She gripped his hand in fear.她惶恐地紧紧抓住他的手.He gripped the nail and pulled it out.他夹住钉子把它拔了出来.（fig）Fear gripped myheart．我心中充满了恐惧．2 to attract and hold（one＇s attention）吸引（注意力）：The strange stories gripped the hearers.这些怪诞的故事吸引着听众.The picture gripped my imagination.这些图画激发起我的想象力.

grasp /gra:sp/1 to hold firmly; take a firm hold of，with the hands 抓住；抓紧；抱住：He grasped the door handle and pulled, but the door wouldn＇t open. 他抓住门把用劲拉，但门打不开.She grasped the knife and threatened to kill him．她握着刀威胁要杀死他．2（fig）to succeed

251

D97 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

in understanding 掌握；领会：Did you grasp the main points of the speech？你领会了讲话的要点吗？3（fig）to be eager to take （渴望）得到： Grasp this opportunity while you can！尽量抓住这个机会！

grab /græb/ to seize with a sudden rough movement，esp for a selfish reason 攫取；抓取； 强夺：She grabbed the money.她一把夺过钱来.He grabbed the seat nearest the fire.他抢占了离火炉最近的那个座位.He grabbed the appleand ran off（with it）.他抓起苹果就跑了.（fig） He eagerly grabbed the chance to go to Paris. 他急忙抓住去巴黎的机会.grab at［v prep］ to tryto grab（设法）抓到：He grabbed at the chance of going.他设法抓到去那里的机会.

snatch／snætf／1 to take quickly and violently 攫取；抓住；夺得：The thief snatched the woman＇s bag．小偷一把抢走了那妇人的提包．2 to takequickly while there is a chance 夺取；抓取；抓住： He snatched a few hours'(peace to have a) sleep.他抓紧几个小时的（安静）时间睡了一觉.snatch at ［v prep］ to try to snatch（极力）想攫取；试图抓住：He snatched at the book but I did not let him get it.他伸手来抢书，但我没让他抢到.

clutch／klatf／ to hold tightly 抓紧；紧握；攫住：The mother clutched her baby in her arms.母亲把婴儿紧紧抱在怀里.clutch at ［v prep］ to try toclutch 试图抓住：He clutched at the branch but he could not reach it.他极力想抓住那根树枝，但手伸不到.

D97 nouns 名词：holding things 握物

hold／həuld／1［U］ the act of holding 抓；掌握；保持：Don＇t lose hold of him．别放开他．2［C］ something which can be held, esp in climbing （尤指攀登时）可手攀（或脚踏）的东西；支撑点：Can you find a hold for your hands/a hand-hold？你能找到手能抓住的地方吗？He got a foot-hold on the cliff．他在峭壁上找到了一个落脚点．3［C］ the forceful closing of a hand 握力：He＇s got a strong hold／grip． 他的手握力很大．4［C］ （fig）control；influence 掌握；控制；影响：What hold does he have over／on her？他对她有什么影响力吗？hold of emph （used with verbs of holding）（与表示“抓住”的动词连用）：He tookhold of the box and wouldn＇t let go.他抓住箱子不放.Where can I get hold of a doctor？我到哪儿能请到医生？She grasped hold of his arm.她紧紧抓住他的手臂.Grab hold of that rail andhang on tight！抓住那根栏杆，千万别松手！

grip／grip／1［C］a very tight strong hold 紧握；紧夹：The policeman didn＇t let go his grip on the thief.警察紧紧抓住小偷不放.The dentist took afirm grip on the tooth and pulled it out.牙医夹紧那只牙齿把它拔了出来．2［S］（fig）control；power 控制；支配：He kept a firm grip on his children.他对孩子们的监管很严.Don＇t get intothe grip of money-lenders.千万别落在放债人的手里！Keep a grip on yourself （＝ Don＇t lose control／act hastily）！你要控制住自己！（不要仓促行事）3［S］（fig） the power of understanding

or doing 掌握；理解（力）；做事的能力：I seem tobe losing my grip.我似乎渐渐掌握不住局面了.He has a good grip of several European languages．他掌握了好几种欧洲语言．4［C］ahandle or part of an apparatus that can be gripped or that grips 柄；夹；把手

grasp／gra：sp／［S9］1 a firm hold 抓住；紧握；抱： He kept her hand in his grasp.他抓住她的手不放．2 the position from which one can take something 可以抓到（或抱住）的位置：The bookslay just beyond his grasp/reach, so he go up and went over to them.那些书摆放的位置使他伸手刚好触不到，他只好站起来去拿．3（fig）power；control控制（力）；权力：She is in the grasp of a wicked man．她落在一个狠毒的男人手中．4（fig）understanding 理解（力）：This problem is beyond my grasp.这个问题超越了我的理解能力.You must get a grasp of the rules of the game. 你必须掌握这项运动的规则．5（fig）Success iswithin his grasp at last! (= He at last has the chance to succeed）.他终于成功在望了！

grab/græb/ [C] á sudden attempt to seize something 抓；攫取；抓取；掠夺：He took a grab at the money. 他朝那些钱一抓.The companymade a grab at the property; they bought it immediately.这家公司抢这块地，便立即把它买了下来.

clutch/klatf/1[C usu sing] the act of clutching; a tight hold 紧握；抓紧；攫住：His clutch was not tight enought and he fell from the tree.他没抓牢，结果从树上跌了下来．2［S］the fingers orhands in the act of clutching（紧握时的）爪子； 手 clutches ［P］（fig） control； power； posses-sion 控制；掌握；拥有：Once he was in theclutches of the enemy he would never escape. 他一旦落入敌人手中，就别想逃走.

seizure/'si:3ə/ [U] fml the act or result of seiz-ing 抓住；夺取；占领；没收；充公：The courtordered the seizure of all his property.法庭决定没收他全部财产.

D98 verbs，etc 动词等：taking and catching things［T1］拿与抓

take／terk／ to get control of by force 取；拿走；夺去；攻取：Our soldiers took the castle yesterday. 我方士兵昨天攻下了这座城堡.They took the fortand burned it.他们攻占了要塞，并将它付之一炬.The army took the city and held it.军队攻下并占领了这座城市.

capture /'kæptfə/1 to take control of (some-thing） by force from an enemy；win；gain 夺得； 占领；赢得；获得：The enemy never captured this city．敌军从未占领过这个城市．2 to take（aperson or animal） prisoner 捕获；俘获：They managed to capture an elephant.他们成功捕获一只大象.He was captured while trying to get out of the country. 他企图逃出国境时被捕获.（fig）Her beauty captured him.她的美貌使他倾倒．3（fig）to preserve （something or some-one) in an unchanging form, on film, in words，etc（用电影、文字等方式）留存；把···留住

252

不变；保持（不变）：He captured his daughter＇s first smile on film.他把女儿的第一次微笑摄了下来.In his book he tried to capture the beauty of Venice.他在书中试图展现威尼斯的旖旎风光.capture 1 [U] the act of taking or being taken by force（被）夺取；（被）占领；（被）捕获；（被）俘虏：The capture of the enemy capital was going to be difficult.要占领敌国首都将会相当困难.The capture of our general was a serious loss／blow.我方的将军被俘，是我们严重的损失／对我们是严重的打击．2［C］ something that．has been taken，caught， or won by force 俘虏；战利品；缴获品：Nelson＇s captures included a 120-gun warship.纳尔逊的战利品中包括一艘有一百二十门大炮的战舰.

seize/si:z/to take by force, esp suddenly, vio-lently，or unlawfully（尤指突然、强行、或非法） 夺取；占领；抓住：The soldiers seized the house and turned it into their headquarters.士兵夺取了这座房子并把它改作他们的司令部.The soldiersseized control of the radio station.士兵占领了广播电台.One of the political parties seized power in the capital city.其中一个政党在首都夺取了政权.

catch /kætf/1 to stop and hold (something or someone）捉住；抓住；截住；接住：He caught the ball.他接住了球.She helped to catch the thief. 她协助捉拿小偷．2 infml to get；take接；患；赶上：He caught the last train to London.他赶上去伦敦的末班火车.（fig）He caught a cold andwasn＇t able to work．他得了感冒，没法去上班．3to cause to look，etc 引起（注意）；吸引；迷住：The beautiful picture caught my eyelattention. 这幅美丽的画吸引着我.

trap/træp/ to capture or seize by a trick or in a place where escape is not possible 设陷阱捕捉； 诱捕；（使）困住：The thief was trapped by the police in an old house.警察将小偷困在一所旧房子里.（fig） They are trying to trap me with their questions, but I won't tell them what they want to know.他们提出许多问题想套我的话，但他们想知道的事我绝口不谈.

corner /'koinə/ to capture or trap (as if) in a corner 把···赶进角落；使走投无路；堵住···抓获；围住；难住：He cornered the animal and put a rope round its neck.他堵住那只动物的去路，并用绳子套住它的脖子.We have him cornered； hecan＇t escape.我们把他逼得无路可走；他逃不掉了.You won＇t corner me so easily！你别想轻易地难住我！

collar /'kplə/ 1 infml to take hold of someone （as if）by the collar 抓住（衣领）：The policeman collared the thief．警察抓住了小偷的衣领．2sl toget hold of someone，esp forcefully（用力）抓住；捕捉：I＇ll try to collar him tonight and talk to him about it.我今晚要设法抓住他，跟他谈谈那件事.

pocket／＇pokit／1 to put into one＇s pocket 装入口袋内：He picked up the pencil and pocketed it. 他拾起铅笔放进口袋里．2 to take （money orsomething small) for one's own use, esp dishonestly 把（金钱、小件物品）据为己有；侵吞：Someone has pocketed my cigarettes！有人拿走了我的香烟！He spent some of the money as we

D99 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

asked， but he pocketed most of it.他按我们的要求花了一部分钱，但把大部分钱都装进自己的腰包里了.

D99 verbs，etc 动词等：letting people have things 使人得到东西

let...have genl & often infml to pass (to an-other）让；让给：Let him have the book.把这本书给他.I＇ll let you have the money if you agree to work harder.你要是肯更卖力地干，我就把这笔钱给你.

give/giv/1 [D1 (to)] to pass into someone's hands or care；let have 给；交付；委托；使拥有：Give me the baby／Give the baby to me.把婴儿交给我.He gave me full control while he was away.他外出期间，把一切都托付给我来处理.Canyou give me a job？你可否给我一份工作？2［also又作T1；IØ］ to pass （things） to another person as a present 赠予；送给：He gave you the money and you wasted it.他赠给你钱，你却把钱乱花掉.He gives freely （to the poor）.他（对穷人）慷慨解囊．3（fig）to cause；have an effect on 引起； 造成影响：Ihope my son hasn＇t given you a lot of trouble.但愿我儿子没有给你添很多麻烦.Thiswork has given me a headache.这工作真使我头痛.

donate/dəu'neit/ [T1; IØ (to)] to make a gift （of），esp for a good purpose 捐赠（作为善举）； 赠送：He donated land to the city for a park. 他捐赠了一块土地给这城市兴建公园.My husbanddonates to that group every year.我丈夫每年都捐钱给那个组织.

offer/'pfə/1 [D1 (to); T1: (for)] to hold out (to a person） for acceptance or refusal 提供；提出（以供某人接受或拒绝）；出价：She offered me£10,000 for that book．她愿出一万英镑向我买那本书．2［T3；IØ］ to express willingness （to do something）.表示愿意（做某事）：He offered to go.他主动要求去.

tender /'tendə/ [D1 (to); T1] esp fml & tech to offer；give to be accepted 提出；提供；给予：He tendered them his deepest thanks.他向他们深致谢意.

hold out ［v adv T1］ usu infml ＆ fig to offer 提出；提供：I don＇t hold out much hope that these troubles will get better.我对这些困难会有所改善不抱多大希望.

extend／ik＇stend／［T1］fml to offer；give 提出；给予：I wish to extend a warm welcome to our visitors.我谨向来宾们表示热烈的欢迎.

present/pri'zent/1 [D1 to/with; T1] fml to give （something）， esp at a ceremonial occasion（尤指在庆典场合）赠送；给予；呈献：He presented theprizes at the school sports day.他在学校运动会上颁奖.I＇m happy to present you with this cheque for £1,000．我很高兴赠予你这张一千英镑的支票．2［X9］ to offer or bring to someone＇s notice directly; put forward for consideration or acceptance 提出；显示；介绍；引见：This report ought to be presented in greater detail and in clearer.language.这份报告应写得更详尽一些，文

253

D100 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

字更清楚一些．3［T1］fml ＆ polite to offer 提出：I would like to present my apologies for being late for the last meeting 上次会议我迟到了，在此表示歉意．presentation 1［U］ the act of pre-senting 赠送；给予；提出 2［C］an example of this；something presented 赠送（的事例）；提出（的事例）；赠品；礼物

contribute /kən'tribju:t/1 [T1; IØ: (to)] to join with others in giving or supplying (money, help，etc）捐（款）；捐助；（和别人一起）出力协助：1couldn't contribute money to the collection for the poor so I gave clothes instead.我无力捐钱赈贫，只好捐献些衣物.Although he has plentyof money he never contributes to anybody's leaving present at work.尽管他很富有，但他从不凑钱送礼给离职的人．2［IØ（to）］to be one of thecauses 有助于；促成；是···的部分原因：Plenty offresh air contributes to good health.大量新鲜空气有益于健康.Too much alcoholic drink will contribute to your ruin.饮酒过度有伤身体.

volunteer/,vplən'trə/1 [IØ, 3] to (offer or agree to) do something by one's own choosing, not through force 自愿（提出、同意）做：When the war began， he volunteered （to be a soldier）.战争爆发后，他自愿去当兵.He couldn＇t go，so shevolunteered to go instead.他不能去，因此她自愿顶替他．2 ［IØ，3］ to offer， esp without being asked（主动）提供：He volunteered his servces／ to do the work．他主动提供服务／承担这项工作．3［C］a person who volunteers 志愿者

D100 verbs 动词：giving and

administering 提供及给予

give/grv/1 [D1 (to); T1] to let (someone)have （something）， esp as wanted or planned 给予； 提供；使···拥有：Cows give milk.母牛产奶.That book has given me several ideas.那本书使我产生了几个想法．2［D1］to allow to have 允许···有：Give him enough time to get home before you telephone.你先别打电话，让他有足够时间回到家里你才打.Give me a chance to do the job.让我来试试做这件事.Were you given a choice ordid you have to do it？这工作是规定要你干的，还是你自己挑的？3［D1（to）］（fig） to be thecause of someone＇s illness 是（某人）生病的原因；把疾病传染给：Moving the furniture always gives me a pain in the back.一挪动家具我就背痛.Cows can give sickness to humans..乳牛能将疾病传染给人．4［D1（to）；T1］（fig）to keep； set aside（time，thought，strength，etc）付与；献给（时间、精神、体力等）：She gives all her timeto her family.她把全部时间都给了家里.Giveyour work more attention．多注意你的工作．5 [D1(to)] to allow (part of the body) tobe used 允许（身体一部分）被使用：He gave her hisarm to support her as she walked.他让她扶着他的手臂行走.She gave her body to him（＝She had sex with him）.她委身于他.He gave his body to the hospital before he died.他临死前把身体捐献给医院．6［D1（to）］ to supply with； administer to 提供；给予：The mayor and the city council gave the great man the freedom of

their city. 市长和市议会授予这位伟人以荣誉市民的权利.They gave him a medal for bravery.他们授勋给他，表彰他的勇敢行为.The doctor gavehim medicine to take twice a day.医生给他开了药，一天服两次.

hand/hænd/ [D1 (to)] to pass (something) to （someone），esp by hand（尤指用手）递给：Hand me that book，please.请把那本书递给我.hand over [v adv T1] to give, esp from the control of one person or group to another 移交；交出： The army handed over their prisoners to the police.军队把俘虏交给了警方.Hand over themoney，now！快把钱交出来！

supply /sə'plai/[T1]1 [(to)] to give (something) to someone， usu regularly， ás in business 供应； 提供：In Britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles.在英国，牛奶是以瓶装供应给各家各户的．2［（with）］ to give things to （a person） for use（向某人）提供（所需）：The firm who used to supply us have closed their business.以往一直向我们提供商品的那家公司停业了.

provide /prə'vaid/1 [T1; D1 with/for] to supply （something needed or useful） 提供；供应：That hotel provides good meals.那家旅馆提供上好的饭菜．Can your shop provide tents for 20 campers？ 你们商店可以提供二十人用的帐篷吗？The shop provided the campers with tents.这家商店向露营者提供帐篷．2［T5］ to make aspecial arrangement 做（特殊）准备；安排；规定： The law provides that valuable ancient build-ings must be protected by the government.法律规定有价值的古建筑物须由政府保护.makeprovision for fml to provide 预备；准备提供

equip /r'kwip/ [T1] to give (someone) what is needed for working， fighting， climbing， etc 配备；装备：Equip the men with the best clothes and tools.给这些人提供最好的衣服和用具.Thesoldiers were very well／badly equipped.这些士兵装备精良／很差.Nature has equipped cats with very good weapons.大自然赋予猫科动物极好的武器.

lay on ［v adv T1］ to supply or provide 安装；安排；提供：When will the gas be laid on to our new home？什么时候给我们的新居安装煤气？Alarge meal was laid on for us.为我们准备了一桌丰盛的饭菜.

administer /əd'mınəstə/ [T1] esp fml & tech to give as medicine， punishment，etc 给予；用（药）；执行（惩罚）：The doctor administered the drug carefully. 这位医生用药十分谨慎.Theheadmaster of this school administers any punishment.该校校长负责施行各种惩罚.

devote to [v prep D1] to give fully or completely to（全部）拿出；献出；把···完全奉献给：He devoted his life to religion.他献身于宗教. Please devote more time to your work. 请多花点时间在工作上.That newspaper devotes itself to/is devoted to making money and little else. 那家报纸置一切于不顾，一心只想赚钱.devotion[U(to)]1 the act of devoting oneself,etc, to something 献身；奉献 2 the state of being devoted to something 忠诚；专心；热心：His devotion to work is well-known.他热心工作的精神是众所周知的.

254

D101 verbs 动词：conferring and

rewarding 授予（头衔、荣誉等）与奖励

confer /kən'f3:/ [T1 (on)] fml to give (a title, honour，favour，etc）授予（头衔、荣誉、恩惠等）： They conferred the freedom of the city on him.他们授予他荣誉市民权.They conferred onhim the freedom of the city.他们授予他荣誉市民权.Who confers the awards？谁来颁奖？An honorary degree was conferred on him by the university.这所大学授予他荣誉学位.

accord /ə'ko:d/ [D1 (to)] fml to give with friendly feelings（友好、热情地）给予：They accorded him a warm welcome/their warmest thanks.他们给予他热烈的欢迎／对他表示最热烈的感谢.

award/ə'wo:d/ [D1 (to); T1] fml 1 to give, esp as the result of an official decision（尤指经正式决定）授予；颁发；奖给：He was awarded theprize for being the fastest runner.他获速度最快的赛跑运动员奖.They awarded him a medal.他们授予他一枚奖章．2 to give by a decision in acourt of law（指法院）判决；裁决：The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt in the explosion.法官将一大笔钱判给在爆炸中受伤的人.

honour BrE, honor AmE/'pnə/ [T1] 1 to show respect for (someone), esp by doing some-thing，usu in a ceremony 尊敬；给予荣誉：The people honoured him by making him their president．人们尊敬他，推举他当主席．2 to keep(an agreement), esp by making a payment, as in giving money 履行（协议）；（尤指）兑现；承兑（款项）：Please honour our arrangement by exchanging the damaged goods.请按我们的协议更换破损商品.You must have enough money to honour your cheques before writing them. 在开出支票之前，你必须有足够的钱能兑现自己所开的支票．3 to show or feel respect for （some-one）向···表示敬意：The Bible tells Christians to honour their fathers and mothers.圣经告诫基督徒要尊敬他们的父母.I＇m honoured that youshould notice me.你注意到我，使我不胜荣幸。

reward /rr'wo:d/ [T1(for, with)] to make a gift to (someone who has done something good, helpful，etc）酬劳；奖励：They rewarded him （for his great help） with a gift of money.他们奖给他一笔钱（以酬谢他鼎力帮助）.I would liketo reward you in some way but I don't know how.我很想以某种方式报答你，但不知怎么做才好.

D102 nouns 名词：presents and honours 礼物与荣誉

present／＇prezənt／［C］ something given freely 礼物；赠物：I got this pen as a present from my uncle.这支钢笔是我叔叔送给我的礼物.I＇ve got alittle present for you. 我有件小礼物给你.Thechildren opened their Christmas presents.孩子们拆开他们的圣诞礼物.I＇ll make you a presentof the book since you like it so much.你这么

D102 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

喜欢这本书，我就把它当礼物送给你吧.

gift／gift／1［C］a present 礼物；赠品：These things would make nice Christmas gifts.这些东西作为圣诞礼物最好不过．2［S］ old use the power ofgiving 赠予权：The house and job are in his gift (=He can appoint whom he wants to them). 他有权将这商行和职位赠给他人（想给谁就给谁）.

donation /dəu'neıfən/ [C] a present or gift,esp of money，for a good purpose（善意）赠款；捐赠：Have you made any donations to the church this year？你今年有向教会捐款吗？

contribution /,kontrə'bju:fən/ 1 [C (of)] some-thing given by someone as one among many （一部分）捐赠物：His contributions of money are always generous.他总是慷慨解囊捐助的.Nocontribution is too small.捐助从不嫌少.Can I make a contribution of work rather than money？我能以出力代替出钱吗？2［U］the act ofcontributing 捐赠：Payment is by contribution. 付款采用捐赠的方式.

offer/'pfə/ [C] something held out,given,etc, for someone＇s acceptance or refusal 提供；提出； 报价：Her offer for the book was £10,000．这本书她出价一万英镑.How many offers have youhad for the house？你这房子已有多少人出价购买？Make me an offer（for the house）.（这房子）给我出个价吧.

award /ə'wo:d/ [C] 1 something given as the result of an official decision; a prize or medal ［→K110］（经正式决定而给予的）奖赏；赠予物；奖品；奖章：He won the award for the best student of the year.他获得本年度最优秀学生奖.2 a decision, or that which is given by a decision，in a court of law（法院的）判决；裁决； 决定：The award was £100,000．法院的裁定额为十万英镑.

reward /rr'wo:d/ [C] something (to be) given to someone for what he or she has done 报酬；报答：He got a reward （of £50） for helping them． 他因帮助了他们而得到了（五十英镑的）报酬.Thereis a special reward offered by the police,to anyone who helps them find that man.警方悬重赏给任何能协助捉拿那人的人.

honour BrE, honor AmE /'pnə/ 1 [C] some-thing which shows people＇s respect 荣誉；光荣： It is an honour to be asked to come here and speak to you all.我受邀请到此向诸位演讲感到荣幸之至.He received many honours from many cities，colleges，and societies.他得到了许多城市、院校和社会团体授予的荣誉．2 ［U］ a highstandard of character；reputation 名誉；信誉；荣誉；人格：They said they would fight to save the honour of their country.他们说要为保卫国家的荣誉而战斗.He said that he did not steal the book and that his personal honour had been attacked.他说自己没有偷书，并声称他个人的名誉受到了损害．honorary［Wa5］ 1 （of an office， university degree, etc) held as an honour only （指职位、学位等）名誉的；义务的；荣誉的2［A］(of the holder of an office) serving without pay as an honour（指拥有职位者）名誉头衔的；名誉职位的：He is the Honorary President of the club.他是这俱乐部的名誉主席.

255

D103 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

D103 nouns 名词：keepsakes and

souvenirs［C］纪念品

keepsake/'ki:p,seik/ a gift made to someone who, by keeping it, can remember the person who gave it（藉以纪念给予者的）纪念品：Shegave me the ring as a keepsake.她把那枚戒指送给我作纪念.

souvenir /su:və'nrə/ [(of)] something, esp bought or received as a gift, that reminds one of a place， person，etc 纪念礼物；纪念品：This picture is a souvenir of (my trip to) Morocco. 这幅画是我去摩洛哥（旅游）的纪念品.

remembrance /rr'membrəns/ [(of)] something which reminds one of a person， place，etc 纪念物（品）： He keeps these books as a remem-brance ofhis father.他保存这些书籍作为对他父亲的纪念.

D104 verbs 动词：distributing and

sharing things［T1］分配及分享

distribute/dr'stribju:t/ to give, send, share, etc, by passing on to others 分给；分配；分发：He distributed the food to the hungry people.他把食物分给饥饿的人.These books are distri-buted free（＝costing nothing）.这些书免费分发. Goods from the factory were distributed to the shops and sold.工厂的产品被分配到各个商店去出售．distribution 1［U］ the act of distri-buting 分配（指行动）2［C］ an example or occasion of this 分配（指事例）；分配物；分配的过程 distributional ［Wa5；B］ of or concerning distribution 分配的；分发的 distributor［C］a person who distributes things, esp goods in business 分配者；（尤指商品的）经销商；批发商

give out [v adv] not fml to distribute,esp personally（尤指亲自）分发；分送：The teacher gave out the books to the class.老师将书分发给班上的学生.

hand out ［v adv］ to distribute，esp by hand（尤指用手）分发；分配：The teacher handed the books out.老师把书分发出去.handout［C］ anything handed out， esp costing nothing（尤指免费）分发的物品

share／Jeə／1 ［also 又作 IØ：（with／among／be-tween)] to use, pay, have, take part in,etc, （with others） or among a group 分享；共用；共有；分摊：We haven＇t enough books for every-one；some of you will have to share.我们的书不够每人一本，有些人须与别人共用一本书.Every-one in the house shares the bathroom.这所房子里的人共用一个浴室.I have to share the bath-room with the rest of the family.我要与全家人共用一个浴室.Would you like to share the cost of a taxi with me？你和我共同分担计程车费好吗？2 [out, among/between] to divide and give out in shares 分配；分给；分派：At his death his property was shared (out) between his chil-dren．他死后，财产分给了他的几个孩子．3［also 又作IØ：（with）］ to give a share （of） to one or

more others 同（一人或多人）享用：Children should be taught to share.应该教孩子不要独霸，要与人分享.Please share your newspaper with me．请把报纸给我看看好吗？4［（with）］ to tellothers about 告诉： I＇d like to share with you something that happened last week.我来告诉你上周发生的事情．5［（with）］to be among those who have（esp an opinion or idea）与他人（想法、意见）一致：I＇m sorry；I can＇t share your faith that everything will be all right.对不起，我不能像你们一样，相信一切事情都会顺利.

share out ［v adv］ to distribute equally 均分；均享；摊分：He shared out the food.他平均分配食物.They shared the food out among the poor／ among themselves.他们将食品平均分给贫民／平分了.share-out［S］ not fml an act of sharing something out 均分；摊分：Let＇s have a share-out of the money.我们平分这笔钱吧.

allocate /'ælə,keit/ 1 to divide and give as shares（平均）分配；配给：We must allocate the money carefully．我们必须谨慎地分配这些钱．2［also 又作D1（to）］ to give as a share 拨出一份：We allocated the society some money.我们拨出一笔钱给那个协会．3［also 又作D1（to）］to setapart for somebody or some purpose 划分；划归：That space has already been allocated.那块地已经划分好了．allocation 1［U］ the act ofallocating； the giving of shares or places 分配； 配给；拨出（配额或地盘）：The allocation ofrooms will take place after lunch.午饭后开始分配房间．2［C］an example of this；a share，as of money or space 分配；（金钱或空间的）调配

allot /ə'lpt/ to give, distribute, allocate,esp officially（尤指官方的）拨给；分配；配给：Heallotted this work to me，not you.他把这项工作分给我，而不是你．allotment 1［U］ the act ofallotting 分配2［C］something allotted 分配的物资

D105 nouns 名词：shares［C］份额

share /feə/ the part belonging or due to, or done by，a person 一份；份儿：If you want a share in/of the pay, you'll have to do your fair share of the work.你想在酬金中分得一份，就得做好你那份工作.I had no share in this trick-I had nothing to do with it.我没有参与这个恶作剧，我与这件事无关.The government must take a large share of the blame for the failure of the plan.这项计划失败了，政府对此必须承担大部分责任.go shares BrE to divide the cost， own-ership, profit, etc, among two or more people 分担费用；分享所有权；平分利润：I went shareswith two others in hiring a car for the day.我同另外两个人合租汽车一天.

portion /'po:fən/ [of] 1 a part of something larger，considered separately from the rest（东西的）一部分：the front portion of the train 火车的前部；The computer factory represents only a small portion of the company＇s business.这间电脑工厂只是这家公司所经营的业务的一小部分．2a share of something that is divided among two or more people（各人分得的）一份：The

256

driver must bear a portion of the blame for the accident. 司机对这起车祸应负有一部分责任.3 a quantity of food for one person as served in a restaurant，etc（餐馆等地方盛的食物的）一份；一客（食物）

D106 nouns，etc 名词等：stages and phases［C］时期与阶段

stage /steid3/ a particular point or period in a development，activity，journey，etc 时期；阶段； 程度；步骤；（旅途）行程：The little boy was at thestage of asking questions all the time.这小男孩正处于好提问题的时期.What stage have youreached in your work？ 你的工作进展到什么阶段？They travelled to the city in／by stages（＝ stopping at places on the way）.他们去那个城市的途中在好几个地方停留.

step /step/ a stage, esp something done in order to make something else happen 步骤； 措施：What is the next step in your plan？你计划下一步干什么？take steps to to do something in order to 采取行动：They took steps to change the law.他们采取行动修改法律.They took thefirst necessary steps to change the law.他们采取了首要的措施来修改法律.

phase /ferz/1 one of the changing states or stages through which a thing, person, or group passes（变化）时期；历史阶段：The first phase of the plan will be completed by 1997. 计划的第一阶段将于1997年完成．The child isgoing through a difficult phase at the moment. 这孩子目前正处于一个困难的阶段．2［T1 usupass］ to arrange in phases 分阶段；分期：The work was carefully phased.这项工作审慎地分成几个阶段进行.

D107 nouns，etc 名词等：range and scope 范围

range /reind3/1 [C;U] the amount, distance, etc, within which something can happen or be done 有效范围；距离；分布区域；幅度：They useda wide range of building materials.他们使用了多种建筑材料.What are the ranges of prices here？这里的价格涨落幅度有多大？The range ofthe gun (= the distance over which it can fire) is two miles.这炮的射程为两英里.I don＇t knowwhat they were saying; they were just outside hearing range.我不知道他们在说什么；他们刚好在我能听到的范围之外说话．2［L9］ to move orhappen over a distance, within certain limits, etc 徘徊；涨落：The prices range from very low to very high．价格由最便宜到最贵的都有．3［X9］to put in order or line 排列；使整齐：He ranged the children from the tallest to the shortest.他把孩子们按高矮排列起来．4［T1；IØ（over）］ tomove freely （across）（随意）走动（穿越）；徘徊： The animals ranged the whole valley for food. 野兽在整个山谷中徘徊觅食.The animals rangedwidely over the land.野兽在这片土地上的活动范围很广．5［L9 from．．．to］to stretch 伸展；延伸：

D108 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

His land ranges from here to the river 50 miles away.他的领地从这儿一直延伸到五十英里外的河边.

scope/skəup/ [U] the range or limits within which someone can do something or in which something can be done（某人做某事的）范围；极限：There＇s no scope for improvement here： the work is very good.这里的工作做得十分好，已没有要改进之处.There＇s plenty of scope for young people here.在这里，年轻人大有用武之地.This job is quite beyond his scope (= He can't possibly do it）.这项工作在他能力范围以外.Thescope of his new idea is very great; it covers many things which couldn't be done before. 他的新想法涉及范围很广，包含了许多过去不能办到的事.

D108 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：service and amenity 服务与舒适

[ALSO→I28,N139]

do...for [v prep D1] to do (something) in order to help （someone）做···以帮助（某人）：What can I do for you, sir?' the shop assistant asked.“有什么可以帮你的吗，先生？”店员问道.

serve/s3:v/ [T1]1 to do something for (some-one）；work for 为（某人）服务；服侍：He has served us well.他为我们服务得很周到.The shopassistant served the customer badly.这个店员对顾客态度恶劣：2 to present 端上；摆出（饭菜等）：Shall I serve dinner now？我可以上菜了吗？3 to be a servant to 做···的佣人：He served their family（well）for 30 years．他在他们家做了三十年佣人（表现良好）.

service /'s3:vis/1 [C; of U] something doneby one person for another 帮助；服务：Thank you for your services，Doctor.医生，谢谢您悉心医治. (fml) May I be of service to you, sir (= May I serve you）？我来帮您的忙好吗，先生？dis- ［neg］2 [C] something provided regularly, esp by a company，government，etc，for people（尤指公司、政府向人们提供的）服务；公用事业：The trainservice in that country is very good／bad.那个国家的铁路服务很好／很差．3 the way in whichone is served 服务方式：I don＇t like the service in that hotel.我不喜欢那家旅馆的服务.

facility /fə'sıləti/ [C usu pl] something,esp a service or equipment, that makes life easier, pleasanter，etc 服务；设施；设备：This university has very good sports facilities.这所大学有很好的体育设施.What facilities do you have for learning English？你学习英语借助什么工具？

amenity /ə'mi:nəti/ 1 [C often pl] a thing or condition in a town, hotel, place, etc, that one can enjoy and which makes life pleasant 康乐设施；供娱乐、消遣的事物及设备：The ameni-ties of the town include a swimming pool, a library,public gardens, and some beautiful parks.这座小城的娱乐设施包括一个游泳池、一个图书馆、一些园林和美丽的公园．2［U9］ rarepleasantness（环境、气候）舒服；宜人：The amenity of the weather allowed us to eat in the garden.天气宜人，我们可以在花园里吃饭.

257

D110 FURNITURE ＆ FITTINGS 家具与设备

Furniture and household

fittings

家具与室内设备

D110 nouns 名词：furniture and flttings 家具设备

furniture /'f3:nitfə/ [U] all large or quite large movable articles that are placed in a house, room, or other area, in order to make it usable, comfortable, or pleasant as a space for living in 家具（总称）：Tables，chairs， and beds are all furniture.桌子、椅子和床都是家具.Thisold French table is a valuable piece/bit of furniture.这张古老的法式桌子是一件珍贵家具.That shop sells garden／bedroom furniture.那家商店出售庭园／卧室家具.He owns a furnitureshop.他开了一间家具店.

furnishings /'f3:nifigz/ [P] articles of furniture or other articles fixed in a room 家具；室内陈设品：Baths，curtains， and carpets are all fur-nishings.浴缸、窗帘和地毯全是室内陈设品.softfurnishings [P] such furnishings as car-pets ［→D118］，bedding［→D115］，etc 地毯和床上用品等

fittings /'fitujz/ [P] any furniture or articles which must be fitted to other furniture,larger articles，rooms，vehicles，etc 装置；设备；器材；家具（配件）：Are all the fittings in place？所有的配件都装好了吗？

suite /swi:t/ [C (of); esp in comb] a set of pieces of furniture 一套家具：She wants a new suite for the living room.她想为客厅换一套新家具.That＇s a nice suite of furniture.那套家具真漂亮.He bought her a three piece suite（＝two armchairs and a couch）.他给她买了三件一套的家具（两张扶手椅和一张长沙发椅）.

D111 verbs，etc 动词等：furnishing and decorating［T1］布置与装饰

furnish/'f3:nif [often pass] to put furniture in (a room, building etc); supply with furniture （用家具）布置（房间、建筑物等）；给···提供家具：The new hotel's finished but not yet furnished. 新旅馆已竣工，但还没有摆设家具.

fit out ［v adv］often infml to furnish fully（全面） 装备：The new house will be fitted out long before you move in.新房子在你搬进去之前早就可以布置好了.

fit up [v adv] often infml to furnish,esp by putting fittings， etc， in their proper place（尤指把家具）配齐；装备：The house is fitted upwith everything you will need.这所房子配齐了你所需的一切.

decorate /'dekə,reit/ 1 to furnish with some-thing ornamental, esp for a special occasion （尤指为特别的日子）装饰；布置：They decorated

the house with pictures and plants.他们用画和花木把房间装饰起来.The streets were decoratedwith flags．街道挂满了旗帜作装饰．2［also 又作Iø] to paint or put a surface covering on the walls or outside of （a house）粉饰，油漆（室内外）墙壁；贴壁纸：After the house is built，how much will it cost to decorate（it）？房子建成后， 还要花多少钱来装修？3 to be or serve as anornament to 作为···的装饰：Those pictures decorate the walls very well.那些画把墙壁装饰得很好看．4 to give（someone） an official mark of honour， such as a medal［→K110］授予（某人）荣誉、勋章：The soldiers were decorated for bravery.士兵们因英勇作战而被授予勋章.deco-ration 1 [U] the act of decorating or being decorated 装饰；修饰：The decoration of this house will cost a lot of money.装饰美化这所房子要花很多钱．2［C］ an example or result of this 装饰（指事例）；装饰品；奖章；勋章：Thesepictures make very good decorations.这些画是很好的装饰品.The soldier had a lot ofdecorations for bravery.这个士兵因作战勇敢而获得了许多勋章.

ornament/'o:nəmənt/ to (try to) make (some-thing) beautiful by adding special things as decorations 点缀；装饰；美化：He ornamented the wall with many small drawings.他用许多小图画装饰墙壁．ornament 1 ［C；for U］ some-thing that decorates or ornaments（见 656 页彩图）装饰品；点缀品：The room was full ofpictures and other beautiful ornaments.房间里摆满很多图画和各种漂亮的装饰品．2［S］（fig）aperson who is useful，beautiful，etc 有用的或争光的人：He is an ornament to our society.他是我们社会的光荣.（deprec）He＇s just an orna-ment；he can＇t do anything useful.他只是一个摆设；没有什么实际用场．ornamentation 1 ［U］the act or result of ornamenting 装饰；装饰效果2 ［C］ an example of this 装饰（指事例）；装饰物

adorn /ə'do:n/ esp lit to (try to) make more beautiful by decorating， ornamenting，etc 装饰；使生色：They adorned him with flowers.他们用花为他作装饰.She was adorned withjewels．她浑身珠光宝气．adornment 1［U］the act or result of adorning 装饰（指行动）；装饰效果2［C］an example of this；something which adorns a person or thing; a decoration or ornament 装饰（指事例）；装饰式样；装饰物

renovate/'renəveit/ to decorate, furnish, etc, for a second time; redecorate; make (an old house，etc） look new 修复；重新装修；翻新：This place needs renovating／to be renovated.这地方需要翻新一下.They renovated the old building. 他们把这所旧房屋装修一新．renovation 1［U］the act of renovating or being renovated 修复； 重新装修：Renovation costs money.重新装修很费钱．2［C］ an example or result of this 修复（指事例）；修复式样或效果：These renovationsmake the old building look quite new.经过装修，这所老房子焕然一新.

do up ［v adv］ infml to decorate 装饰：They did up the house beautifully.他们把房屋修饰得很漂亮.

beautify／＇bju：təfai／to make beautiful 使好看；美

258

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

化：They have beautified the town by improv-ing the public gardens and parks.他们改善园林和公园，美化了这个城市.beautification［C］the act of beautifying 美化；装饰

D112 nouns 名词：kinds of table ［C］桌子的种类

table/'teibal/1 a piece of furniture with a flat top supported by one or more upright legs （见 656页彩图）桌子；几：Do you think sixpeople can sit round this table？你看这张桌子坐得下六个人吗？When we arrived at therestaurant we asked for a table for two in a corner.我们来到餐厅时，要求一张靠角落的双人桌子.This is a table made （mainly） of glass； it is a glass table.这张桌子（主要）是用玻璃制成的；是一张玻璃桌子．2 such a piece of furniturespecially made for the playing of various games（游戏）桌子；游戏台：a billiard table 撞球用的球台，card table，etc 牌戏桌等 3［S］thefood served at a meal 食物；菜肴：This restaurant keeps a good table (= provides food of high quality）.这家饭店供应上好的酒菜.4 ［GC］ （fig） the people sitting ata table 同席的人；坐在一桌的人：John＇s clever stories kept the whole table amused.约翰说的风趣故事把一桌人都逗笑了.

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| kitchen table厨桌dining roomtable餐桌dressingtable梳妆桌coffee table茶几 | a table(meant tobe) used是用于···的桌子 | in a kitchen厨房in a diningroom饭厅in a bedroomfor dressingoneself(espfor women)卧室里供梳妆用（尤指女士用）in alivingroom,for servingcoffee客厅喝咖啡时用 |

书桌；办公桌 （在顶部有滑动木盖的）

大型写字台

D113 FURNITURE ＆ FITTINGS 家具与设备

desk /desk/ a table, often with drawers,at which one reads，writes，or does business 书桌； 办公桌；案；写字台：He was sitting at his deskwriting， when I came in.我进去时，他正在伏案写东西.

bureau/'bjuərəu/ 1 a type of desk, usu with drawers and a top for writing, etc, which can be closed by lifting it upwards on hinges [■H132］（有抽屉而且桌面有铰链可向上拉起覆盖的）写字台2 a large writing table with a wooden cover which slides over the top to close it（在顶部有滑动木盖的）大型写字台

D113 nouns，etc 名词等：kinds of chairs and seats 椅子与座位的种类

长椅

chair/tfeə/ [C] a piece of furniture on which a person may sit which has typically a back, seat， usu four legs， and sometimes arms（见656页彩图）椅子

seat/si:t/1 [C]a piece of furniture, part of a vehicle， etc， on which one sits or can sit 座椅； 座位2［C］ the part of a chair，etc，on which one sits（椅子的）座位部分：The seat of thechair is broken．这张椅子的座破了．3［C］often euph the part of the body on which one sits 臀部：He has hurt his seat.他臀部受伤了.［ALSO B33] 4 [C] a place, esp a chair, where some-one usu sits or expects to sit 专座：Hey，that＇s my seat！喂，那是我的座位！5 ［T1 often pass］ to

desk bureau

259

D114 FURNITURE ＆ FITTINGS 家具与设备

put in a seat； provide seats for 使···就座；有···座位；提供···的座位：Seat the people here，please. 让人们在这里就座吧.We can＇t seat all thesepeople.我们这里坐不下这么多人.Friends，pleasebe seated.朋友们，请就座吧.

seating/'si:tm/ [U] provision of furnishing for seats 供给座位；安排座次：He is in charge ofseatinglof the seating arrangements at the large dinner.他负责安排宴会的座次.Do wehave enough seating for everyone？我们有足够座位给每个人坐吗？

throne/Orəun/ [C] 1 an official and usu highly ornamented chair of a king， queen，etc 宝座； 御座；王（帝）位2（fig）the king or queen on that throne（宝座上的）国王或女王

bench /bentf/ [C] a long seat for two or more people 长椅；长凳：They sat on a bench in the park／on a park bench.他们坐在公园里的长椅上.armchair /'a:m,tfeə/ [C] a comfortable chair with supports for the arms 扶手椅

deckchair /'dek,tfeə/ BrE, beachchair /'bi:tf-,tfeə/AmE [C] a folding chair with a long seat of cloth (usu brightly coloured canvas), used out of doors（户外用）折叠帆布躺椅

high chair /'har,tfeə/ [C] a chair with long legs at which a baby or small child can sit, esp when eating from a table or from a special tray joined to the chair（婴儿或幼童坐的）高脚椅（尤指用餐时坐）

stool/stu:l/[C] 1 a seat without a supporting part for the back or arms 凳子：They sat on three-legged stools．他们坐在三条腿的凳子上．2also 又作 footstool a small stool for putting one＇s feet on， esp when sitting in a chair 搁脚凳：Put your feet on this（foot）stool.把你的脚放在搁脚凳上.

D114 nouns 名词： couches and divans

［C］长沙发椅

couch/kautf/ a long chair looking like or some-times used as a bed or for lying down 长椅（可作睡椅）；长沙发椅：She was sitting／lying on.the couch.她坐在／躺在长沙发椅上.

sofa /'səufə/ a long comfortable seat like a couch， with cushions， a back， and arms （见656 页彩图）沙发：Let＇s sit on the sofa.我们坐在沙发上吧.

settee/se'ti:/ a long seat for more than one person， esp a small sofa 长沙发靠椅；中小型沙发settle /'setl/ a long wooden seat with a high

solid back, and a bottom part which is a chest having the seat for its lid（木制有高靠背的）长椅（椅下为一箱子，以箱盖的木板作椅座）

divan/dr'væn/1 a long soft seat on a wooden base, usu without a back or arms, placed against a wall（靠墙、无靠背及扶手的）木制软垫长椅；靠墙长座2also 又作 divan bed the sameused for sleeping（可供睡觉用的）无靠背无扶手软垫长椅

D115 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：beds andparts of beds（见754页彩图）床与床上用

bed/bed/ [C; U] an article of furniture to sleep on床：The room had two beds in it.房间里有两张床.We can give you a comfortable bed for the night.今晚你可有一张舒适的床睡.Get out of（your） bed！ 快起床！It＇s time for bed／It＇s bedtime.该睡觉了.

bedstead/'bed,sted/ [C] the main wooden or metal framework of a bed 床架

mattress/'mætris/ [C] a large bag of solid movable material, usu wool,hair,feathers, rubber, or metal springs, on which one sleeps, which is placed in a bed frame 床垫：These mattresses aren't dry: we can't sleep on them. 这些床垫还未干，我们不能睡在上面.

blanket /'blænkit/[C] 1 a thick covering, usu of wool, used mainly for covering someone in bed 毛毯； 毯子；毡子：I need another blanket on my bed； it＇s cold at night.我床上还需要一条毯子，晚上很冷.He put a blanket round the dog. 他用毯子裹住那条狗．2（fig）anything like this 像毯子似的东西：There was a blanket of snow on the ground．地上覆盖着一层雪．3［T1］（fig）to cover like a＇blanket（像毯子般）盖上；覆盖： Snow blanketed the ground.雪覆盖着大地.

quilt ／kwilt／ also 又作 eiderdown ／＇aidə，daun／ [C] a warm covering made from a large bag of thin cloth filed with something warm and soft, esp feathers, with stitching to keep the filling in place 被子；（尤指）羽绒被

(bed)sheet /(bed)fi:t/[C] a thin covering, often of linen, used mainly on beds, one on the mattress and the other beneath the blankets 床单；被单：It＇s time to change the sheets on these beds.这几张床的床单该换了.

bedspread /'bed,spred/, bedcover /'bed,kavə/ ［C］ an ornamental cloth spread over a bed 床罩

bedding /'bedn/ [U] 1 blankets, sheets, bed-spreads，etc 毯子、床单、床罩等2 material on which a person or animal can sleep（人或动物） 睡在上面的东西；卧具：This straw should makegood bedding for the animals.这些稻草可给牲畜做很好的垫草.

bedclothes /'bed,kləuz/ [P] blankets and sheets 床上用品（被褥及床单）：He slept badlylast night and pulled all the bedclothes off his wife.他昨夜没有睡好，把妻子的被子全都拉掉了.

bedside /'bed,said/ [C usu sing] the side of a bed 床边：He has been called to the bedside of his dying father.他被叫到垂死父亲的床边.

pillow /'piləu/1 [C] a cloth bag longer than it is wide, filled with soft materials, used to sup-port the head in bed 枕头 2 ［C］ any object used in this way 任何可作为枕头的物品3［X9；T1] to rest (esp one's head) on or as if on a pillow 把（头）枕在···上；给···当枕头：Shepillowed his head on a folded coat.她把他的头枕在一件折起的衣服上.She sat on the floor andher legs pillowed the child＇s head.她坐在地板

260

上，让孩子的头枕在她的腿上.

pillowcase／＇piləu，keis／， also 又作 pillow slip /'piləu slip/ [C] a washable baglike cloth covering a pillow 枕头套

bolster /'bəulstə/ [C] a long pillow which goes across the head of the bed under the pillow(s) 长枕垫

（其余见彩图）

D116 nouns 名词：kinds of bed［C］（见754 页彩图）各种床类

double bed/,dabl 'bed/ a bed big enough for two people 双人床

single bed /'sujgal 'bed/ a bed for one person 单人床

twin bed/'twin,bed/one of two single beds of the same kind close to each other 一对（一样的、靠得很近的）单人床的其中一张

cradle /'kreidl/ 1 a small bed for a bady, usu able to be rocked (= moved) from side to side， or backwards and forwards 摇篮2（fig）a place where something begins 发源地：The Middle East is the cradle of civilization.中东是文明的发源地.

cot/kpt/ BrE, crib/krib/AmE a bed for a child, usu with bars on the sides to keep the child from falling out 小儿床（通常有栏杆以防小儿跌出）

carrycot/'kæri,kot/ esp BrE a small boxlike container, usu having two handles,for car-rying a baby 便携式婴儿床

bunk/bagk/1 a narrow bed, fixed to a wall like a shelf， as in a ship or a train（火车、轮船上固定于墙壁而又狭窄的）卧铺；倚壁而设的床铺2 also又作 bunk bed one of two or more narrow beds fixed or builtone above the other 双层或多层床

camp bed/,kæmp 'bed/ BrE, cot/kpt/AmE a narrow bed, often made of cloth stretched on a frame，for use in tents，etc（用于野营的）帆布床；行军床

hammock /'hæmək/ a piece of canvas or net which can be hung up by the ends to form a bed（帆布或网状的）吊床

（其余见彩图）

D117 nouns 名词：cupboards and

lockers［C］柜子与橱柜

cupboard/'kabəd/ a piece of furniture or a place built into a wall, closed by a door and used for storing things（见 753页彩图）柜子； 壁橱；碗橱；食品橱：Is there any food in the cup-board？食品橱里有吃的吗？

wardrobe /'wo:drəub/ a cupboard, large box,or small room, with a door, in which one hangs up clothes（见754 页彩图）衣橱；衣柜；藏衣室：Put your clothes in the wardrobe.把你的衣服放在衣柜里.

chest of drawers a piece of furniture, about

D118 FURNITURE ＆ FITTINGS 家具与设备

half the height of a wardrobe and consisting of one drawer above the other, used for stor-ing clothes（见754页彩图）（有抽屉的）柜子；带抽屉的橱柜；五斗橱

bureau /'bjuərəu/ AmE a chest of drawers for bedroom use（卧室中）有抽屉的柜子

sideboard /'said,bo:d/ a piece of dining room furniture like a long table with a cupboard below to hold dishes，glasses，etc（见656页彩图）餐具柜

cabinet/'kæbənit/1 a fine piece of usu wooden furniture, often with glass doors, used for storing or showing things（一般为制作精美、有玻璃门的木质）陈列柜；酒柜2 a container like thisfor a television，record player，etc（放置电视、电唱机等的）柜子3 also 又作 filing cabinet apiece of metal or wooden office furniture used for storing esp written material 文件柜

dresser /'dresə/1 esp BrE a piece of furniture for holding dishes and other articles used in eating, having open shelves above and cup-boards below（上面为无门的架子，下面为柜子的）餐具柜：That＇s a beautiful Welsh dresser！ 那是个漂亮的威尔士餐具柜！2 AmE a chest ofdrawers used esp for clothing, often with a mirror on top（顶上通常有镜子的）斗橱；带镜衣橱locker /'lpkə/ a small cupboard or a box fixed to a wall, which can be locked, used in places where there are many people who need a place for their own clothes， belongings， etc（固定在墙上供人存放衣物的有锁的）小箱子；贮物柜；锁柜：The schoolboys keep their things in lockers near their beds.这些学生把自己的东西放在床侧的小柜里.

D118 nouns，etc 名词等：carpets and rugs 地毯

carpet/'ka:pit/1 [U] heavy woven, often wool-len， material for covering floors or stairs 地毯（用于铺在地板或楼梯上）2［C］a shaped piece ofthis material, usu fitted to the size of a par-ticular room（见656 页彩图）（用于房间内有具体形状、大小的）地毯：We need a new carpet forour bedroom．我们的卧室需要一块新地毯．3［C］(fig) any covering which covers the ground like this 似地毯样的覆盖物：There was a carpetof leaves／flowers in the garden.花园里铺满了树叶／花瓣．4［T1］ to cover with or as if with a carpet 铺地毯在···上；如地毯般覆盖：It will cost alot to carpet the stairs.在楼梯上铺地毯要花很多钱.

carpeting /'ka:prti/ [U] heavy woven, often woollen， material used for making carpets 地毯料

rug /rag/ [C] 1 a usu smaller or thicker carpet （见656页彩图）小地毯；毛毯：Animal skinsare often used as rugs.野兽的皮毛常用来制成小毛毯.The cat slept on a rug near the fire （＝ hearthrug）．小猫睡在炉边的小地毯上．2 a thickblanket [→D115] esp for keeping someone's legs warm（尤指护腿的）厚毛毯；盖膝厚毯

261

D119 FURNITURE ＆ FITTINGS 家具与设备

mat/mæt/[C esp in comb] a flat covering,esp one like a small rug on a floor or plate on a table, for protecting a surface against dirt, heat，etc 垫子；地席；衬垫：He sat on a mat onthe floor.他坐在地板上的垫子上.Put thedoormat just outside the door.把擦鞋垫放在门外.Do we need tablemats under the plates？我们要在碟子下面放衬垫吗？

D119 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：cushions and upholstery 坐垫与垫料

cushion/'kufən/1 [C] a small bag of cloth usu filled with soft material and used on chairs, etc，to make them more comfortable 靠垫；坐垫；椅垫2［T1］ to protect or make less sharp or hard（as if）with a cushion 用衬垫保护；减缓···的冲力；（像用衬垫般）保护；缓和：His hat helped tocushion the blow to his head when he was attacked.他被攻击时，他的帽子减轻了他头部受到的冲击.（fig）The new child allowances will help to cushion poor families from inflation （＝higher living costs）.新的儿童津贴将减轻通货膨胀（＝生活费提高）对贫困家庭的冲击.

padding /'pædmj/ [U] material such as hair, cloth， etc， used to fill furniture，clothes，etc 垫料：The padding in this armchair isn＇t very good.这张扶手椅的垫料不太好.padded［B］having padding 装有衬垫的：These are specially padded chairs.这些是装有特别衬垫的椅子.

pad /pæd/1 [C] something soft, like a cushion, filled with or made of soft material and used for comfort， protection，etc 软垫；衬垫：The arms of these chairs have pads on them.这些椅子的扶手都包上了衬垫．2［T1］ to put pads orpadding on 加衬垫于.··：They padded the chairs.他们给椅子加上衬垫.

upholstery /Ap'həulstəri/ 1 [U] the materials used to fit chairs and other pieces of furniture with softer parts, such as springs, cloth, leather, etc; the work of fitting chairs, etc,in this way 家具衬垫料（如椅子的弹簧、布料、皮革等）；为家具装置衬垫料的工作：The upholstery ofthe chairs is very old but very good.这些椅子的衬垫虽旧，但质量很好.He is in the upholsterybusiness．他从事家具垫料生意． upholster［T1］ to fit （chairs， etc） in this way 为（椅子等）装衬垫料 upholsterer ［C］ a person who do this 家具装潢商

D120 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：curtains and wallpaper 窗帘与壁纸

curtain/'k3:tən/1 [C] a large piece of cloth,esp when hung from above, over a window inside a room（见656页彩图）窗帘：What nice cur-tains there ar in this room！这房间里的窗帘多漂亮啊！2［C］（fig）anything like this 似窗帘的物品：A curtain of smoke hung over the burn-ing town．发生火灾的城市上空笼罩着一片烟幕．3

［T1］ to put a curtain or curtains in or on 给··· 挂上窗帘；用帘子遮盖：Have you curtained thebedrooms yet？你在卧室里挂上窗帘了吗？

drapes／dreips／［P］ AmE curtains 窗帘： She has nice drapes in her house.她那所房子里的窗帘很雅致.

drapery/'dreipəri/1 [U] AmE heavy cloth used as curtains 窗帘布料2 ［U；C］ cloth or a garment arranged in folds 有褶子的布料或衣服：The photograph was taken against a back-ground of drapery.这幅照片是以帷幕为背景拍摄的．3［U］ the arrangement of cloth in folds 褶皱状：Can you arrange the drapery of the cloth in our windows？你能给我们的窗帘弄些褶子吗？

hangings /'hænigz/ [P] curtains and other materials hanging over the walls, windows, doors， etc，of a house 挂在门（窗、墙）上的帘子；窗帘；门帘；帷幕

wallpaper /'wo:l,peipə/1 [U] ornamental paper to cover the walls of a room（见 656页彩图） （糊在墙上作装饰用的）壁纸；墙纸：Ilike the wall-paper in your room．我很喜欢你房间里的壁纸．2［TI］ also 又作（infml） paper to put wallpaper on（a wall， etc）将壁纸糊在（墙上等）：He iswallpapering his living room.他正给客厅贴壁纸. They are papering their whole house again. 他们又给整座房子换壁纸了.

canopy /'kænəpi/ [C] a covering, often held up by poles and usu made of cloth or sometimes wood over a bed，doorway，large chair，etc 罩篷；华盖；天篷

awning/'o:ni/ [C] a piece of strong cloth over or in front of a door, window, etc, to protect it from the sun，rain，etc（门、窗上用以遮太阳或雨的）遮篷

Clothes and personal

belongings

衣物与个人用品

D130 nouns 名词：clothes generally 衣服（总称）

clothes/kləuz/[P] things to wear on the body, such as trousers， shirts，etc 衣服：She＇s gone to buy some new clothes.她去买几件新衣服.clothier [C] a person who makes or sells clothes or cloth 服装商；裁缝；布商 clothes peg BrE,clothespin AmE a small forked instru-ment made of one or two small pieces of wood or plastic, used for holding wet washed clothes on a rope (= clothesline) for drying （晒晾衣服用的）衣夹

clothing /'kləuðı/ [U] often fml & tech clothes generally 衣服（总称）：She spends half her income on clothing.她将一半收入都花在衣服上.garment/'ga:mənt/[C] (the name used, esp by the makers， for） an article of clothing（尤为制衣业者用语）（一件）衣服；服装：A new garment

262

should be washed carefully.新衣服应该小心洗涤.Keep the receipt in case you should wish to exchange this garment.把收据保存好，以便万一你想退换衣服时用.

dress/dres/1 [U] clothing, esp outer clothing 衣服（尤指外衣）：In this old play， the actors wear the dress of 100 years ago．在这部古典剧中，演员们身穿一百年前的服饰．2［U9］clothingworn on special occasions or by special types of people 礼服；（特殊人物穿的）服装：They woreevening dress.他们身穿晚礼服.The captain wore his full dress uniform．船长穿一身制服．3 [A] a (of clothing) suitable for a formal occasion（指衣服）适合隆重场合的：He wore adress suit. 他身穿礼服.b requiring or permit-ting formal dress 须穿礼服的：The evening is a dress affair.那个晚上须穿礼服.dress material [U] material used for making dresses, clothes, etc 衣料；布料

wear/weə/[U in comb] things to wear; clothes as in 衣服：rainwear （＝ clothes to keep off the rain）雨衣；underwear（＝ underclothes）内衣

attire ／ə＇tarə／［U］ fml dress； clothes 衣服；服装： He was wearing formal evening attire.他穿着隆重的晚礼服．attired［Wa5；F9］dressed 穿着．·· 衣服的：He was attired in black.他穿了一身黑衣服.

apparel /ə'pærəl/ 1 [U] lit & old use clothes, esp of a fine or special sort（尤指漂亮的、特殊的）服装：He was dressed in golden apparel.他穿着一身金黄色的衣服．2［U9］esp AmE clothes；clothing 衣服；服装：They sell ready-to-wear ladies apparel.他们出售女装成衣.

garb /ga:b/ [U] lit & humor clothing of a particular style, esp which shows one's type of work or is unusual 服装（尤指显示职业的或不寻常的服装）；特制服装：He went to change hisclothes and came back in the garb of a priest. 他去更衣，回来时已是一身教士打扮.A strangerappeared in red and yellow garb.一个身穿红黄衣服的陌生人来了．garbed［Wa5；F9］dressed 穿上···服装的：He was garbed in red and yellow. 他穿着红黄色的衣服.

lining /'lainın/ [C usu sing] a piece or layer of material inside some other material, but esp one kind of cloth inside another as part of a garment（衣服里面的）衬；里子：The coat had awarm lining．这件外套加有很暖和的里子．line［T1usu pass］ to put a lining in 加衬于···：The coat was lined with fur.外衣里衬上毛皮.She wore a fur-lined coat.她穿了件有毛皮衬里的外衣.

rags ／rægz／ ［P］ old torn clothes 破旧衣服：The beggar wore rags.这个乞丐衣衫褴褛.

castoffs／＇ka：stpfs／ also 又作 hand-me-downs /'hænmi,daunz/[P] clothes which someone no longer wants 不要的衣服；不再穿的衣服：He worehis older brother's castoffs/hand-me-downs. 他穿着他哥哥不要的旧衣服.

D131 nouns， etc 名词等：uniforms and outfits 制服与服装

D132 CLOTHES 衣服

of clothing which all members of a group wear,esp in the army, a school, or the police 制服：They all wear uniform at school.他们在学校都穿校服.The nurses have a new uniform. 护士们发了新制服.Policemen and postmenwear dark blue uniforms in Britain.在英国，警察和邮差都穿深蓝色的制服.He was in uniformfor three years（＝ in the armed forces）.他已经穿了三年军装了（＝他在军队中三年了）.

tunic/'tju:nik/ [C] 1 a loose-fitting short-sleeved [→D161] or sleeveless outer garment reaching to the knees, worn by both sexes among the ancient Romans or Greeks（古希腊、罗马）外衣（无袖、宽松、长及膝，男女均穿的）2 a specially-shaped short coat worn by policemen, soldiers，etc， as part of a uniform（警察、士兵的）制服短上衣3 a loose armless dress， esp as worn by girls as part of a school uniform（女学生的一种校服）无袖宽松长罩衣4 a garment likethis worn by women for sport, exercise, danc-ing，etc（妇女在比赛、运动、跳舞时穿的）无袖上衣costume /'kpstju:m/1 [U] the clothes or style of dress typical of a certain period,country, rank, or profession, esp as worn on the stage by an actor or actress（某一时期、国家、职业特有的）服装；服装式样；装束；戏装2［C］a suit ordress of this sort（某一时期、国家、职业特有的）全套服装；装束；戏装：The actors were inVictorian policemen＇s costumes.男演员们穿着维多利亚时代的警察服装.

outfit /'aut,fit/1 [C] all the things,esp clothes, needed for a particular purpose（特定场合用的）服装及其它装备：She bought a new outfit towear at work.她买了一套新的工作服在工作时穿.2 [T1 (with)] to provide with an outfit, esp of clothes 配备；装备（尤指衣服）：They were out-fitted for their new school／job.他们得到了新学校／新工作所需的全部装备.

strip/strip/ [P] BrE the special clothing worn by players in a team, esp with different colours, esp in football（尤指足球队员穿的）特别彩条服装

D132 nouns 名词：appearance 外表

appearance /ə'pıərəns/ [U] how someone or something appears to the eye, esp clothes and the way someone wears them 衣着打扮；外表； 仪表：He was a man of neat and tidy appear-ance.他是个仪表干净整洁的人.

getup/'getap/ [S] infml set of clothes, esp their · general appearance（服装的）式样；打扮：That＇s a funny getup you＇re wearing.你这身打扮真滑稽.

turnout /'t3:naut/ [C] the manner or style in which a person is dressed 举止及服饰：That＇s a smart turnout！这身打扮真潇洒！His turnout is always good.他的衣着总是很讲究.

D133 verbs 动词：wearing clothes［T1］穿衣

uniform/'ju:nəfo:m/ [C; (in) U] a certain type wear／weə／［also 又作X7］ to have（esp clothes）

263

D134 CLOTHES 衣服

on the body 穿；戴；蓄留：He＇s wearing a new coat.他穿了件新外衣.She never wears a hat.她从来不戴帽子.He wore a short beard／wore his beard short.他留着短胡子.She wears her hair up.她把头发束起来.

have on ［v adv Wv6］ to be wearing 穿着；戴着： He had a beautiful new suit on.他穿着一套漂亮的新西服.They took a picture of the baby when he had nothing on.他们在婴儿没穿衣服时给他拍了张照片.

put on [v adv] to cover part of the body with (something, esp clothing); wear or place on the body 穿；戴：She put her hat and coat on. 她穿上衣服戴上帽子.Ĥe put on his glasses toread the letter.他戴上眼镜看信.Mary puts on too much face powder.玛丽脸上的粉抹得太多了.

get on ［v adv］ to put on， usu quickly（快速）穿上：Get your clothes on； hurry up！把你的衣服穿上，快点！

take off [v adv] to remove (something,esp clothing） from part of the body脱（衣）；脱掉； She took off her hat and coat.她脱下外衣和帽子.He took off his glasses when he had read the letter.读完信之后，他把眼镜摘了下来.Mary，you've put on too much face powder; take it off！玛丽，你脸上的粉抹得太多了，把它擦掉！

get off ［v adv］ to take off， usu quickly（快速）脱去：They told him to get hisclothes off.他们叫他快把衣服脱下来.

don /dpn/ old use or pomp to put on (clothing and hats）穿、戴上（衣服、帽子等）：He donned his hat and coat.他穿上衣服戴上帽子.（fig）Shedonned a look of innocence.她脸上一副天真无邪的样子.

doff／dpf／ old use or pomp to take off 脱下：He doffed his hat to the ladies.他向女士们脱帽致意.

sport/spo:t/ to wear or show publicly, esp so as to show off 展示（尤指炫耀）：She came in today sporting a fur coat.她今天穿一件毛皮外衣来炫耀一番.

D134 verbs 动词：clothing people 给（人

们）穿衣

clothe／kləuð／［T1］ to provide clothes for 为···提供衣服：He has to work hard to feed and clothe his large family.他不得不拼命干活以供一家大小吃饭穿衣.It＇s hard to clothe my youngson； he＇s growing all the time.给我的小儿子买衣服很难，他长得太快了.（fig）Mist clothed thehills.雾气笼罩着山丘.

dress/dres/1 [T1; IØ] to put clothes on (oneself or someone else） 穿衣；给（自己或他人）穿衣：I＇ll be ready in a minute； I＇m dressing.我正在穿衣服，马上就好了.Please dress the baby，George.请给婴儿穿上衣服，乔治.What＇s the bestway to dress for the journey？这次旅行穿什么衣服最合适？2［T1；Iø］ to provide （oneself or someone else） with clothes 为（自己或别人）提供衣服：She dressed well on very little money.

她穿得很好但花钱不多.He＇s very well-dressed.他衣着讲究．3［T1］ to make or choose clothes for 给···做衣服；给···选择衣服：They dress their children well．他们把孩子们打扮得很漂亮．4［IØ］to put on special correct clothes for a special occasion，the evening，etc 穿衣服（指在特定场合穿特定的衣服）：Do they expect us to dress for dinner here？他们是否要我们穿晚礼服来这里赴宴？How do you dress on these occasions？在这些场合该穿什么样的衣服？5 ［L9］ to wearclothes 穿衣：She often dresses in black.她经常穿黑色的衣服.dressing［U］ the act or action of a person who dresses 穿衣：She＇s very fast at dressing．她穿衣动作迅速．dresser［C9］a person who dresses，esp in a stated way 穿衣的人；（尤指）以某种方式穿衣的人：She＇s a fashion-able／careless dresser.她是个穿着入时的／马虎的人.

D135 verbs 动词：undressing and stripping 脱衣

undress/An'dres/1 [IØ] to take one's clothes off 脱衣服：She undressed and went to bed.她脱衣睡觉了.Please help him to undress； he can＇t do it himself.请帮他脱衣服；他自己脱不了.2 ［T1］ to take （someone＇s） clothes off 使脱衣服；脱下···的衣服：She undressed the child and put him to bed.她给孩子脱下衣服，安顿他睡觉.

disrobe /dis'rəub/ [IØ] esp old use, fml, or pomp to take one＇s clothes off 脱衣服：The queen disrobed.女王脱下外衣.

bare /beə/ [T1] to take esp clothing off (part of one＇s body）揭去（身体某部位的遮布）；暴露：Hebared his head as the dead body was carried past.当那尸体抬过时，他摘下了帽子.

strip/strip/[IØ (off)] to (cause to) take one's clothes off （使）脱衣服：He stripped and went for a swim.他脱了衣服去游泳.Strip off，men！ 你们都把衣服脱下来！The dancing girl began tostrip.那个跳舞女郎开始脱衣了.

D136 adjectives 形容词：wearing clothes 穿衣的

clothed／kləuðd／ ［F］ having one＇s clothes on 穿着衣服的：He was out of bed and（fully） clothed by 6 a．m．他早上六点钟已起床，并穿好了衣服.un-［neg］

dressed/drest/[F]having one's clothes on,esp in a way suitable to an occasion 穿好（尤指适合某场合的）衣服的：Are you dressed yet？你穿戴好了吗？He was properly dressed for the party.他为这次聚会而穿戴整齐.un-［neg］

clad／klæd／［F9］ esp lit covered or clothed 被··· 覆盖的；穿···衣服的：He was clad in armour.他身披盔甲.The old lady was clad in a fur coat. 这位老太太穿着一件毛皮外衣.（fig）The moun-tains were clad in mist.云雾缭绕群山.

264

D137 adjectives，etc 形容词等：not

wearing clothes 裸体的

naked /'neikid/ [Wa5; B] 1 (of [a part of] a person＇s body） not covered by clothes（指人） 裸露（全身或身体一部分）的；赤裸的：He wascompletely naked.他全身一丝不挂.She dipped her naked arm in the hot water.她把一只袒露的手臂浸到热水中．2（fig）not having the usual covering 无遮盖的；无遮蔽的：He took all thepictures down and look sadly at the naked walls.他把墙上所有的画取了下来，伤心地看着光秃秃的墙壁．3（fig）not hidden 掩盖不住的；赤裸裸的：He told them the naked facts.他把事情的真相告诉了他们.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

nude /nju:d/1 [Wa5; B] often more fml naked 赤裸的；裸体的：Nude figures were bathing in the pool．有些人在水池中裸泳．2［Wa5；A］of，for，by etc， people not wearing clothes 裸体者的；为裸体者而设的：They held a nude party.他们举办了一个裸体晚会.He likes nude swim-ming．他喜欢裸泳．3［C］ a （usu female） person not wearing any clothes, esp one appearing in a photograph or a piece of art（在艺术作品或摄影中的）裸体人像（通常为裸女）4［C］a piece ofart showing a person, usu a woman, without clothes（尤指表现裸女的）艺术作品 5［U］ thestate of being nude 裸体姿态：He stood there in the nude.他赤身露体地站在那里.nudity［U］the state of being nude 裸体

bare／beə／［Wa1］1［B］uncovered 无遮盖的；光秃的：His head was bare.他的头秃了.The chil-dren ran about quite bare.孩子们光着身子到处跑.The fields were bare （＝ had no plants in them）．田里光秃秃的．2［F of］ without；empty 没有···的；空的：The fields were bare of trees.田野里没有树木.The room was bare of furniture. 房间里没有家具．3［[A]n］ ot more than 仅有的；仅仅：He killed the man with his bare hands.他赤手空拳就把那个人杀了．4［T1］ to take off acovering from 脱去（遮盖物）；暴露：He bared his head （＝took off his hat）.他摘下帽子.bare-foot [B; adv] without shoes or other covering for the feet 赤脚的；赤着脚：The barefoot chil-dren of the poor stood watching the rich people.赤足的穷孩子站在那儿望着那些富人.Theboy went barefoot.那男孩子光着脚走了.bare-headed [B; adv] with the head uncovered; without a hat 光着头（的）；没有戴帽子（的）：Women are now permitted to go to church bareheaded.现在妇女可以不戴帽子进入教堂.barelegged [B; adv] with nothing on the legs; not wearing stockings 光着腿（的）；没穿袜子（的）

buff/baf/[the U] esp BrE infml the condition of being naked 赤裸：He stripped to the buff. 他将衣服剥光.

D138 nouns，etc 名词等：fashion式样

fashion/'fæfən/1 [C; U] the way of dressing or behaving that is considered the best at a

D139 CLOTHES 衣服

certain time 时髦服饰；流行式样：There＇s afashion for painting your nails green.现在时兴把指甲染成绿色.Fashions have changed since I was a girl.服装款式与我当女孩时相比已大不相同.Wide trousers are the latest fashion.宽身裤是现在最流行的式样.It＇s not the fashion to sendchildren away to school now.现在不时兴把孩子送到外地上学.We must keep up with fashion／ follow（the）fashion．我们必须跟上潮流．2［U］ changing custom, esp in (women's) clothing （尤指妇女穿着款式的）习惯变化；（衣着的）时尚：She studies the history of fashion.她研究服装式样变化的历史.come into／be in fashion to (start to) be considered the best and most modern 合于时尚；流行：Long hair is very much in fashion.现时长头发非常流行.go／be out offashion to stop being/no longer be considered the best and most modern 不合于时尚；过时seta fashion to be an example to others by doing something new 创立新式样；创新潮流（some-one) of fashion old use someone of the upper class of society and therefore well-dressed（上流社会）衣着考究的（人）：The res-taurant was crowded with women of fashion. 饭店里挤满了上流社会衣着考究的女士.

style /starl/ [U;C] (a) particular, usu good way of dressing，etc（尤指美观的服饰）款式；式样：Hedresses with／in great style.他衣着高雅.I like the style of her new dress.我喜欢她那件新衣服的款式.The styles of these coats are good／bad. 这些外套的式样很好看／难看.

mode/məud/[the R] the style of dressing,esp by women, or of doing something favoured by most people at a certain moment （尤指妇女服装的）款式；风尚：Very long skirts are the pres-ent mode.长裙是现在流行的式样.Giving peoplegreater freedom is all the mode in that country.给人们更多自由是那个国家现行的风尚.

model/'mpdal/[C] 1 a person, esp a young woman, employed to wear articles of clothing, and to show them to possible buyers, in a shop,by means of being photographed, walk-ing，standing，etc（时装）模特儿2 an article of (esp women's) clothing worn by a model or shown in a shop, and described as the only one，or one of a very few， of its kind（时装模特儿穿的，或商店里陈列的唯一或极少同式的）最新时装样本

mannequin/'mænəkin/ [C] 1 esp old use a model 时装模特儿2 a figure of a body used forshowing clothes in a shop window（橱窗中用以展示衣服的）人体模型

D139 nouns 名词： suits and dresses， etc ［C］套装及连衣裙等

suit/sju:t/ a set of outer clothes which match, usu including a short coat (= jacket [→D142]) with trousers or skirt（一套）西装；套装（通常包括短上衣和裤子或裙子）：He bought himself anew suit. 他买了一套新西装.She＇s wearing ablue suit today.她今天穿了一身蓝色套装.

265

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

D140 CLOTHES 衣服

jacket

短上衣

waistcoat/ AmE vest 马甲；背心

suits

套装

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

dress /dres/ a woman's or girl's outer garment that covers the body from shoulder to knee or below（妇女的）长服；连衣裙：That＇s a nicedress.那连衣裙真漂亮.She wore her blue dress； she prefers it to her other dresses.她穿着她那条蓝色连衣裙；这是她最喜欢的一件衣服.She had ona full-length evening dress.她穿的是曳地晚礼服长裙.

frock/frok/ not fml a woman's or girl's dress （妇女或女孩子的）连衣裙

robe/rəub/ [C] 1 a long flowing indoor garment for informal occasions（长而宽松的）家常便袍； 长袍：She was dressed in a Middle-Eastern robe．她穿着中东式长袍．2 ［often pl］ such agarment when worn for official or ceremonial occasions 礼服；官服；制服：The judge wore black robes．法官身着黑袍．3 esp AmE a warm covering for the lower body, often made of fur，used when sitting out of doors 盖膝毯子（通常用毛皮制，坐于室外时用以盖在腿上）；短围裙gown/gaun/[C]1 esp fml a woman's dress, esp

if long（尤指长的）连衣裙；（妇女的）长服2along loose coat worn esp formerly over ordi-nary clothes by judges, university and other teachers，students，etc（法官、大学师生等披在衣服外边的）宽松长袍

D140 nouns 名词：trousers and tights 长裤与紧身裤

trousers /'trauzəz/ [P] esp BrE an outer garment divided into two parts, each fittig a leg, worn from the waist down esp by men and boys（尤指男式的）长裤：I＇d like a new pair of trousers.我想要一条新裤子.She woretrousers.她穿长裤子.

slacks /slæks/ [P]1 esp AmE trousers, esp of a loose-fitting kind and not part of a suit（不跟上衣配套的、宽松的）长裤2esp BrE trousers asworn by women 女式长裤

pants／pænts／［P］ 1 AmE trousers 长裤 2 esp BrE infml trousers 长裤 3 esp BrE trousers worn by women（妇女穿的）长裤

trousers jeans shorts

长裤 牛仔裤 短裤

shorts／fo：ts／ also 又作 fml short trousers ［P］ trousers with short legs, usu stopping above or at the knee 短裤：The runners wore shorts.跑步的人穿着短裤.

jeans／d3i：nz／also 又作 blue jeans／＇blu： d3i：nz／ [P] trousers made of a strong, usu blue, cotton cloth worn for work and informally by men, women，and children 牛仔裤；工装裤

tights /taits/ [P] a very close-fitting garment covering the legs and body worn by dancers, etc（舞蹈演员等穿的）紧身衣裤.

pair /peə/[C (of)] any of various garments,etc, made from two like parts joined（尤指裤子等） 一条；（袜子等）一双：He put on a different pair ofjeans.他穿上了另一条牛仔裤.

D141 nouns 名词：skirts and kilts［C］短裙

与褶叠短裙

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

skirt/sk3:t/1 a woman's outer garment that fits around the waist and hangs down with one lower edge all round（女式）短裙；裙子2 a part of a coat or dress that hangs below the waist （外衣或衣服的）下摆3（fig）anything like these，

esp on a machine 裙状物；（尤指机器上的）罩裙

kilt /kilt/ 1 a short skirt worn by men, esp pleated [→D162] as in Scotland and usu worn as part of Highland dress or a military uni-form（苏格兰男子或士兵穿的）褶叠短裙2a simi-lar skirt worn by women or children（妇女或儿童所穿类似褶叠短裙的）短褶裙

D142 nouns 名词：coats and jackets ［C］ 上衣与短外套

coat/kəut/1 an outer garment with long sleeves, often fastened at the front with buttons, and usu worn for warmth or protection 长袖外套； 上衣；外衣：She was wearing a fur coat.她穿着毛皮外衣．2 esp AmE a jacket； the top half of a suit［■D139］短上衣；（套装中的）上装

jacket/'d3ækit/ a short coat with sleeves[ D161］， often the top half of a suit（见 D139插图）有袖短上衣；短外套；夹克；（套装中的）上装：He wore a brown jacket and grey trousers.他穿着棕色上装和灰色裤子.

anorak /'ænəræk/ a short coat which has a protective hood [→D146] for the head and which keeps out wind and rain 带风帽的外衣

waistcoat/'weist,kəut/ BrE, vest /vest/ AmE a men's close-fitting garment without sleeves that reaches to the waist and is worn under the jacket of a 3-piece suit（见D139 插图）（三件一套西装中的）马甲；背心

jerkin /'d33:kmn/ a short usu sleeveless coat often made of leather， usu worn by men（无袖）男用皮背心

D143 nouns 名词： overcoats and cloaks ［C］大衣与斗篷

overcoat /'əuvə,kəut/ a long warm coat worn over other clothes by men and women when going out， esp in cold weather 大衣

raincoat /'remn,kəut/ a coat worn to keep the rain off 雨衣

fur coat /f3: 'kəut/ a coat made of fur [→A126, H88］．毛皮外衣；皮裘

duffel coat /'dafəl kəut/ a loose coat made of a type of thick woollen cloth (= duffel), usu fastened with long tubelike buttons (= tog-gles) and often having a hood[■D146] joined to the neck 粗毛呢外衣（通常有风帽并系有管状钮扣）

cape /keip/ a long loose outer garment fastened at the neck and hanging from the shoulders 披肩；斗篷：A cape gives good protection in wet weather.斗篷在雨天有很好的保护作用.

cloak /kləuk/ 1 a loose, usu sleeveless outer garment 斗篷；大氅2（fig）something which covers， hides， or keeps secret 覆盖（物）；伪装； 幌子：Her friendly behaviour was a cloak for her real intentions.她那友善的举止是掩盖她真正意图的伪装.

D145 CLOTHES 衣服

shawl /fo:l/ a piece of usu soft heavy cloth, either square or long and narrow, for wearing over a woman＇s head or shoulders（妇女用，方形或长方形的）披肩；围巾；方巾

D144 nouns 名词：jerseys，pullovers，etc ［C］毛织上衣、套头毛衣等

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

jersey/'d33:zi/ close-fitting, usu knitted wool-len garment, with sleeves, for the upper part of the body 毛织紧身上衣；（紧身）毛织运动衫：She always wears a jersey in cold weather.在寒冷的天气里，她总是穿着毛织紧身上衣.

pullover /'pul,əuvə/ a usu woollen garment for the top half of the body, that has no fasten-ings and is pulled on over the head and drawn down over the body（无扣）套头毛衣

slipover ／＇slıp，əuvə／ a light pullover 套头毛衣sweater /'swetə/ a jersey or jacket, usu of wool, worn for warmth or by someone who has been playingor working hard, usu after this activity 毛线衣；厚运动衣或外套：She put on her sweaterafter running.她跑完步就穿上毛线衣.He wore asweater because the night was cold.晚上天气凉，他穿上了毛线衣.He wore a poloneckedsweater（＝ one with a thick rolled collar）.他穿了一件高圆翻领毛衣.

jumper /'d3ampə/1 BrE a sweater for women （女用）毛衣2AmE a sleeveless ［→D161］ dress worn over a blouse［→D145］（无袖）套头罩衫

cardigan /'ka:digən/ a knitted woollen short coat with sleeves but usu without a collar and usu fastened at the front with buttons or a belt 开襟毛线衫；（胸前有钮扣或用腰带的）羊毛衫：She put on a cardigan over her dress before going out.出门前，她在衣服外面套了一件羊毛衫.

D145 nouns 名词： shirts and blouses ［C］ 衬衫与短上衣

shirt/f3:t/a piece of clothing for the upper part of the body, usu of light cloth with a collar and sleeves (covering the arms), typically worn by a man inside a coat 衬衫；衬衣shirtfront the part of a shirt covering the

267

D146 CLOTHES 衣服

chest,esp the stiff front of a formal white shirt 衬衫的前襟（尤指白衬衫浆硬的前襟）shirt-sleeve [Wa5; A] being without, or showing no need for, coats, as because of hot weather or informality 未穿外衣的；只穿衬衫的；较随便的：They had a shirtsleeve meeting to talk about their problems.他们召开了一个非正式会议讨论他们的问题.in one＇s shirtsleeves wearing nothing over one＇s shirt 只穿衬衫不穿外衣：Onsuch a hot day the men in the office were working in their shirtsleeves.遇到这种酷热的天气，在办公室里工作的男人全都只穿衬衫不穿外衣. shirttail the front or back part of a shirt below the wearer＇s waist 衬衫下摆 shirt-waister, AmE usu shirtwaist a woman's gar-ment (a dress or blouse) in the style of a man＇s shirt（上身像衬衫的）衬衣式连衣裙；（仿男式）女用衬衫

blouse /blauz/ 1 a usu loose garment for women, reaching from the neck to about the waist（妇女穿的）宽松的短上衣2 the upper partof a soldier's or airman's uniform, usu with outside pockets（有外袋的）士兵军服短上装

T-shirt /'ti:f3:t/ a collarless garment of light stretchy material for the upper body for infor-mal wear 短袖圆领运动衫；T恤；圆领汗衫

D146 nouns 名词：headgear，etc 帽子、头饰等

headgear/'hed,grə/ [U] clothing for the head 帽子；头饰

hat/hæt/[C] a covering for the head which is placed on top of, not around the head,and partly covers both sides 帽子

cap /kæp/ [C] a type of soft flat tight-fitting head covering worn by men and boys 帽子；便帽

beret /'berei/ [C] a round, usu woollen cap with a tight headband and a soft full flat top, esp as worn by Frenchmen, Spaniards, and soldiers 贝雷帽；无沿软帽

headscarf /'hed,ska:f/ [C] a scarf [→D151] worn over the head 头巾：The women all put on headscarves before going into the church. 妇女进教堂前都戴上头巾.

bonnet /'bpnit/ [C] 1 a round head covering tied under the chin and often with a piece in front that shields the face, worn by babies and in former times by women（婴孩和从前妇女戴的，通常用绳系于下巴的）圆帽2 a soft flatcapworn by men， esp soldiers，in Scotland（苏格兰男子，尤指士兵戴的）扁平软帽

hood/hud/[C]1 a loose covering for the whole of the head and neck except the face, usu fastened on at the back, as to a coat, so that it can be pushed back when not needed 风帽；兜帽（常连在外衣上，不用时可垂在背后）2 a cover-ing for the head of a hunting bird（猎鹰等的） 头罩 3 anything like these 似风帽的东西；罩hooded [Wa5; B] wearing or having a hood; hidden by a covering 戴风帽的；有兜帽的；有头罩

的；覆盖着的

helmet/'helmit/ [C] a hard covering like a hat, to protect the head（见 M104 插图）头盔；防护帽：Soldiers often wear helmets when fighting， and so do people riding on motorcycles.士兵打仗时常戴钢盔，骑摩托车的人也如此.helmeted［Wa5；B］wearing a helmet 戴头盔的

veil /veil/1 [C] a covering of fine cloth or net for all or part of the head or face, worn esp by women often for reasons of fashion or re-ligion 面纱；面罩：In some countries，Muslim women wear veils in public.在某些国家，伊斯兰教妇女出入公共场所时要戴面纱．2［S（of）］（fig）something which covers or hides something else 掩盖（物）；遮蔽（物）：a veil of secrecy 神秘的气氛 draw a veil over something to avoid speaking about or describing something unpleasant 避免谈及某种不愉快的事情：Let＇sdraw a veil over what happened to the unfor-tunate prisoners.我们都别再提起那些不幸囚犯的遭遇吧.take the veil （of a woman） to become a nun［→C345］（指妇女）去当修女 under theveil of under the (deceiving) appearance of 在···外表之掩饰下；假托···：Many evil deeds have been done under the veil of religion or love of one＇s country.许多罪恶勾当都是打着宗教或爱国的旗号干出来的.

turban /'t3:bən/ [C] 1 (esp in the Middle East, India, etc) a covering for a man's head consisting of a long length of cloth wound tightly round the head（尤指中东、印度等国家和地区男人包在头上的）缠头巾 2 a woman＇s hatlooking like this（女用头巾式的）帽子 turbaned ［Wa5；B］ wearing a turban 包缠头巾（或戴头巾式帽子）的

umbrella /Am'brelə/ [C] a light frame covered with cloth, plastic, etc, that can be opened or shut and is held on a stick over the head as a way of keeping off rain, snow, strong sunlight, etc伞；雨伞；阳伞

D147 nouns 名词：underclothes generally 内衣（总称）

underclothes /'Andə,kləuðz/ [P] also under-clothing/'Andə,kləuðır/ [U], underwear /'An-də,weə/ [U] the clothes worn next to the skin, under dresses， suits， and trousers 内衣裤；内衣裙；内衣

undies /'Andi:z/ [P] infml underclothes esp for women 内衣裤（女用）

undergarment /'Andə,ga:mənt/ [C] sometimes euph an article of underwear（一件）内衣

D148 nouns 名词：men＇s underclothes 男用内衣

underpants /'andə,pænts/ [P] a man's or child's undergarment worn below the waist and which usu does not cover (mush of) the upper part of the leg（男子或儿童的）短内裤

268

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

pants／pænts／［P］BrE underpants 短内裤

briefs/bri:fs/[P]very short close-fitting under-pants，esp as worn by men（尤指男子穿的）三角内裤

singlet/'singlit/[C] esp BrE a man's sleeveless garment worn as an undershirt or as an outer shirt esp when playing some sports（男用无袖） 汗衫；运动衫

vest /vest/ BrE, undershirt /'Andəf3:t/ AmE [C] a short undergarment, usu without coverings for the arms, worn on the upper part of the body next to the skin 汗衫；背心

D149 nouns 名词：women＇s

underclothes，etc 女用内衣等

panties /'pæntız/ [P] 1 an undergarment worn below the waist and which does not cover the upper part of the leg, worn by women and girls（女用）短内裤2 infml pants worn by chil-dren儿童穿的短裤

knickers／＇nikəz／ ［P］ women＇s underpants （女用）短内裤

tights /taits/ [P] a very close-fitting garment covering the legs and lower parts of the body, as worn by girls and women（女用）紧身裤

corset/'ko:sit/ [C] a very tight-fitting under-garment worn, esp by women, to give shape to the waist and hips［■B34］（女用）紧身褡；束腹（以衬托腰臀的曲线）

girdle/'g3:dl/[C]1an undergarment for women, meant to hold the flesh firm; a sort of light corset（女用）紧身衣；（一种轻形）紧身褡2a cordtied round the waist 腰带 3（fig） anything which goes round anything else in this way 腰带状物

brassiere /'bræzjə/ [C] a close-fitting under-garment worn to support the breasts乳罩

bra／bra：／［C］ infml＆genl a brassiere 乳罩：They sell bras in that shop.那家商店售卖乳罩.Whatsize ofbra does she wear？她戴几号的乳罩？

petticoat/'petikəut/ [C] a type of skirt worn as an undergarment衬裙

slip/slip/[C] an undergarment like a short dress not covering the arms or neck（无领无袖的）连身衬裙

shift／fift／［C］1 old use a slip（无领无袖的）连身衬裙2 a loose-fitting straight simple dress 宽松的直筒裙

D150 nouns 名词：night clothes 睡衣

nightdress/'nait,dres/[C] a loose dress made to be worn by a woman in bed（女用）睡袍

nightie／＇naiti／［C］ infml a nightdress 睡袍：She bought herselfa new nightie.她给自己买了件新睡袍.

pyjamas esp BrE, pajamas esp AmE/pə'd3a:m-əz/[P]1 a soft loose-fitting pair of trousers and short coat made to be worn in bed, esp by a man（尤指男用的）睡衣裤2 loose cotton or silktrousers tied round the waist, worn by Muslim

D152 CLOTHES．衣服

men and women（伊斯兰教徒穿的）宽松裤

dressing gown /'dresi gaun/BrE, (bath)robe /('ba:θ)rəub/ AmE [C] a garment rather like a long loose coat, worn after rising from bed and before putting on outer clothes, or when resting during the day 晨衣

bathrobe /'ba:θ,rəub/[C] a loose robe usu made of a material that takes in water easily and worn before and after bathing， esp by men（尤指男用的）浴衣

D151 nouns 名词：neckwear 颈部服饰

neckwear/'nek,weə/ [U] tech (used in shops) clothing，esp ties，worn around the neck 颈部服饰（尤指领带等，商店用语）：Our neckwear isfamous，sir.先生，我们的领带很有名.

tie／tai／，also 又作 necktie／＇nek，tai／ AmE ［C］ a band of coloured cloth worn round the neck, usu inside a shirt collar and tied in a knot at the front领带

bow tie /,bəu 'tai/ [C] a short band of coloured cloth worn round the neck and fastened at the front with a knot in the shape of a bow 蝴蝶结； 领结

scarf/ska:f/[C] a piece of cloth, usu (for men) long and narrow or (for women) square,for wearing around the neck, head, or shoulders for warmth or ornament（男用长形）围巾；（女用） 方形围巾；肩巾

muffler／＇maflə／［C］esp old use a thick scarf 厚围

neckerchief /'nekətfif/[C] a square of cloth which is folded and worn round the neck 方形围巾（折叠围于颈部）

cravat /krə'væt/ [C] a small scarf or piece of cloth, tied round the neck with the ends worn inside a shirt with its neck open小围巾；领巾

D152 nouns，etc 名词等：buttons，zips，etc 钮扣与拉链等

button

button buttonhole

钮扣 钮扣孔

button /'batən/ [C]1 a small, usu round or flat object that is fixed to parts of garments and usu passed through an opening (= buttonhole) in another part of the garment to act as a fastener 钮扣2a part，object， or piece of apparatus like a button类似钮扣的物品

buckle /'bakəl/ [C] a device, usu of metal, for fastening a belt 皮带扣环

269

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

D153 CLOTHES 衣服

zip

拉链

zip／zip／，also 又作 zip fastener／＇zip ，fa：sənə／， zipper /'zipə/ AmE [C] a fastener made of sets of metal or plastic teeth and a sliding piece that joins the edges of an opening in material by drawing the teeth together 拉链；拉锁

stud/stad/ [C] a kind of button that can be taken out or put in, in one pieceor more,usu to fasten a collar to a shirt or fasten the front of a shirt 衬衣前胸饰钮；领扣

press-stud/'pres stad/[C] a stud, usu fixed in position in a garment, with two parts that can be pressed together, to close a dress, shirt, etc （连衣裙、衬衣等上面的）按扣；揿扣

eye

钮环

hook and eye

钮钩和钮环

hook and eye [C] a kind of fastening for dresses, etc, where small hooks can be fitted into small holes（＝eyes）钮钩和钮环

cufflink/'kaf,lıgk/[C usu pl] a fastening for the cuff ［→D161］ of a shirt（衬衫的）袖口钮扣

belt／belt／［C］ a band worn round the waist 腰带： She wore a new leather belt.她系了一条新皮带.He needs a belt to hold up his trousers.他需要一条腰带系裤子.

braces/'breisiz/ BrE, suspenders /sə'spendəz/ AmE [P] elastic cloth bands worn over the shoulders to hold up men＇s trousers 裤子的吊带；吊裤带

D153 verbs 动词：buttons，zips，etc 钮扣、拉链等

button /'batən/ [IØ; T1; (up)] to close orfasten with buttons 扣；扣上钮扣：He buttoned（up） his shirt.他扣上衬衣的钮扣.This shirt doesn＇t button（up） very easily.这件衬衣不容易把扣系上.un-［neg］

buckle/'bakəl/ [T1; IØ] to fasten with a buckle 用扣环扣上：Buckle your belt.把腰带扣上.Thisbelt doesn＇t buckle properly.这腰带扣不好.un-[neg]

zip/zip/ [X7] to put into the stated condition

with a zip 把拉链拉成（某种状态）：He zipped thebag open／shut. 他拉开／拉上袋子的拉链.un-[neg]

zip up [v adv T1] to fasten (a person into some-thing） with a zip 把···拉链拉上：Will you zip me up，please？请帮我把拉链拉上，好吗？She zippedher dress up.她把衣服的拉链拉上.

do up [v adv T1] genl to button, fasten,or zip up 扣上；系上；把拉链拉上：She asked him to doher（dress）up at the back.她请他把她（连衣裙） 背后的拉链拉上.undo［neg］

belt /belt/1 [X9, esp on] to fasten (something onto something else） with a belt 用带子把···系上：He belted on his gun.他把枪用腰带系在身上.2 [T1 (up)] to fasten (something) with a belt 系好···的带子；用带系住：He belted（up） his rain-coat.他系好雨衣带子.

robe/rəub/ [Wv5; IØ; T1: (in)] to dress (oneself or another) in robes [→D139]; put on a robe （给···）穿上长袍：The king and queen were robed in red.国王和王后穿着红袍.

cloak/kləuk/ [Wv5; IØ; T1] to dress (oneself or another） in a cloak［→D143］给···披上斗篷：He was cloaked and ready to go.他披上斗篷准备出发.（fig）The hills were cloaked in low cloud. 沉甸甸的云雾笼罩了山丘.The history of thefamily is cloaked in mystery.这个家族的历史笼罩着一层神秘的色彩.

D154 nouns 名词： handbags and

wallets，etc［C］手提包与钱包等

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

handbag/'hænd,bæg/ a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in（女用）手提包

purse /p3:s/1 a small flattish leather or plastic bag used esp by women for carrying money （尤指女用的）钱包：She carried her purse in her handbag．她把钱包放在手提包里．2 AmE awoman's handbag (for carrying a purse, handkerchief，money，etc）女式提包

wallet/'wolit/1 a small flat leather case which can usu be folded, for holding papers and paper money, usu carried by a man in his coat or back trouser pocket（男用）皮夹子；钱夹2a

270

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

D156 CLOTHES 衣服

long leather case for official papers 公文袋 3 old use a bag for food, clothes, etc,carried by travellers，etc旅行包；旅行袋

billfold／＇bil，fəuld／ AmE a man＇s wallet（男用） 钱夹

handkerchief /'hænkətfif/ a piece of cloth for drying the nose，eyes，etc 手绢；手帕

hankie／＇hænki／ infml a handkerchief 手绢；手帕accessory /ək'sesəri/[usu pl] something added to what is usu worn, esp by a woman, such as shoes，hat，handbag，etc（女用衣服以外的）配件（如鞋、帽和手袋等）；服饰品：She wore a blacksuit with white matching accessories.她身穿一套黑色服装配以白色饰物.

D155 nouns 名词：gloves ［C］手套

glove/glav/ a garment which covers the hand, with separate parts for the thumb and fingers 手套：Woollen gloves are warm in winter.冬天戴上毛手套很暖和.He bought a new pair ofgloves.他买了一副新手套.

gauntlet /'go:ntlit/ 1 a long glove covering the wrist, which protects the hand, esp in certain sports 长手套；防护手套2 a glove covered withmetal，used formerly as armour by soldiers（古代士兵用的）金属护手

mitten／＇mitən／also 又作 mitt／mit／a glove with one part only for the fingers and another part for the thumb（拇指分开，其它四指连在一起的）连指手套：It is difficult to handle money when wearing mittens.戴着连指手套拿钱很困难.

D156 nouns 名词：footwear 鞋类

footwear／＇fut，weə／［U］ tech shoes and boots 鞋类（鞋及靴子等）：A shopkeeper would say he sold footwear； we would say he sold shoes.店主会说他卖鞋类用品，我们则说他卖鞋.You needgood footwear for wet weather.你得有双好的鞋在雨天穿.

shoe/Ju:/[C] an outer covering for the human foot,usu of leather and having a hard base (= sole) and a support (= heel) under the heel of the foot 鞋；皮鞋：Put on／Take off your shoes.把你的鞋穿上／脱下.This shoe doesn＇t fit well.这只鞋不合穿.He bought a new pair of shoes.他买了双新鞋.shoehorn ［C］ a curved piece of horn, metal, plastic,etc,for putting inside the back of a shoe when slipping it on, to help the heel go in easily（金属或塑料做的）鞋拔

boot/bu:t/ [C] a covering of leather or rubber for the foot and some part of the leg, usu heavier than a shoe, and with a part for sup-porting the ankle 靴子；长统靴

wellington （boot） ／＇welıgtən （bu：t）／，also 又作esp BrE infml wellie /'weli/ [C usu pl] a boot of rubber which keeps water from the feet and lower part of the legs（橡胶）长统雨靴；威灵顿长靴

boots

靴子

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

便鞋 长统雨靴

clog/klpg/ a kind of shoe a with a thick, usu wooden bottom（＝sole）木底鞋；木屐b com-pletely made from one piece of wood 木鞋（用一块木头制成的）

sandal /'sændəl/ [C] a light shoe made of a flat bottom with bands, esp of leather,to hold it on the foot 轻便鞋；凉鞋

slipper /'slipə/, also (fml) carpet slipper /'ka:pit\_slipə/ [C] a light shoe with tops (= uppers) made from soft material and usu worn indoors 拖鞋；（通常室内穿的）便鞋

high heels /hai 'hi:lz/[P] women's shoes with high heels（女式）高跟鞋：She was wearing high heels.她穿着一双高跟鞋.

pair/peə/ [C9] two shoes, socks, etc, one for each foot 一双（鞋、袜等）：Can I have a new pair of slippers，please？我可以买一双新拖鞋吗？He bought a pair of rubber boots.他买了一双橡胶雨靴.

271

D157 CLOTHES 衣服

D157 nouns，etc 名词等：parts of

footwear［C］（见D156插图）鞋的各部分

lace ／leis／ 1 also 又作 shoelace ／＇Su：，leis／， bootlace/'bu:t,leis/ a thin string or cord that is pulled through holes in shoes, etc, to draw their edges together 鞋带：He bent down to tie his（shoe）laces．他弯下腰系鞋带．2［T1（up）］to draw together or fasten with a lace（拿鞋带）系起；（用鞋带）系上3［T1（up）］ to pass （a lace， string， etc） through holes in（something）把（带子或绳子）穿过孔眼系紧

heel/hi:l/ the back part of a shoe, sock,etc, which covers the heel, esp the raised part of a shoe underneath the foot（鞋袜的）跟部；鞋跟： There＇s a hole in the heel of my stocking.我的长统袜后跟上有个洞.

toe／təu／the front part of a shoe， sock，etc（鞋袜的）足尖部：There＇s a hole in the toe of my sock.我的袜子足尖处有个洞.

upper/'apə/ the top part of a shoe above the heel and sole 鞋帮

women＇s clothes（女用）饰针；胸针

necklace /'neklrs/ [C] a string of jewels, etc, on a chain of gold, silver, etc, worn around the neck as an ornament， esp by a woman 项链necklet／＇neklit／［C］ a short necklace 小项链

bracelet /'breislit/ [C] a band or ring, usu of metal, worn round the wrist or arm as an ornament 手镯；臂镯

bangle /'bængəl/ [C] a metal band worn round the arm or ankle as an ornament 臂镯；脚镯

ring /ri/ [C often in comb] a ring of metal, worn esp on a finger but also in the ear and nose 戒指；指环；耳环；鼻环：She wore a goldwedding ring on the third finger of her left hand.她左手无名指上戴着一枚结婚金戒指.earring ［C］ an ornament worn on the ear 耳环hairpin /'heə,pin/ [C] a pin made of piece of wire bent into a U-shape to hold the hair in position 发夹；夹发针

D160 nouns 名词： aprons， smocks， etc 围裙与工作服等

apron/'erprən/ [C] a simple garment worn over

the front part of one's clothes to keep them

clean while doing something dirty, or esp

when cooking（工作、做饭时用的）围裙

bib /bib/ [C] 1 a piece of cloth or plastic tied

under a child's chin to protect its clothes

when eating（系于小孩下颔底下的）围涎；围嘴2

the upper part of an apron or dungarees,

above the waistline 围裙（或背带工作服）上部

smock /smpk/ [C] a light loose coatlike gar-

ment for putting on over one's clothing while

working（工作时穿在外面的）罩衣；工作服

tracksuit /'træk,su:t/ [C] a loose-fitting suit of

warm material worn by sportsmen when train-

ing but not when playing， racing，etc（运动员宽

松保暖的）训练服

dungarees /,dangə'ri:z/ [P]1(AmE overalls)

workmen's trousers with a bib and shoulder

straps made of usu blue denim (= heavy cot-

ton cloth）（工人穿的）背带工作服（通常蓝色厚棉

布制）2 AmE a type of heavy jeans usu worn

for working in 粗布工装裤

overall /'əuvəro:l/ [C] 1 (AmE work coat) a

loose-fitting coat-like garment worn over other

clothes to protect them 工作服；罩衣；罩衫 2

AmE overalls（def1）连衫裤工作服

overalls/'əuvəro:lz/[P]1 (AmE overall) a gar-

ment made in piece to cover the whole body,

worn esp by workers over other clothes to

protect them 连衫裤工作服2 AmE dungarees

（def1）（工人穿的）背带工作服

boiler suit /'borlə su:t/ [C] a garment made in

one piece，worn for dirty work 连衫裤（粗重）工

作服

D161 nouns，etc 名词等：parts of clothing

服装的部分

brooch/brəutf/[C] an ornamental pin worn on sleeve/sliv/ [C] a part of a garment for cover-

D158 nouns 名词：stockings 袜子

stocking /'stpkig/ [C] a garment for the foot and leg which is shaped to fit closely,esp one made of very thin material such as nylon and worn by women 长袜；长统袜；（尤指女用的）丝袜in one's stocking(ed) feet wearing stockings or socks， but no shoes 穿着袜子，但未穿鞋

sock /spk/[C] a covering of soft material, such as wool or nylon, for the foot and usu part of the lower leg， usu worn inside a shoe 短袜： knee socks（＝ coming up to the knee） 长至膝盖的袜子

tights /taits/ [P] an almost transparent close-fitting garment, usu made of nylon, covering the part of the body below the waist and the legs and feet， as worn by women and girls （女用）裤袜

hose／həuz／［P］1 tech stockings or socks 短袜；

长统袜2 tight-fitting leg coverings worn by men in former times（从前男子穿的）紧身裤

hosiery /'həuziəri/ 1 [U] stockings, underwear, etc 袜子、内衣裤等2［C］ now rare the shopwhere these are sold 出售袜子和内衣的商店

suspender /sə'spendə/ [C usu pl] BrE a band and/or fastener used to keep up a stocking or sock 吊袜带

D159 nouns 名词：jewellery and

ornaments，etc 珠宝与饰物等

jewellery BrE,jewelry AmE/'du:əlri/[U] ornaments, esp containing jewels [→H65] or stones like jewels and usu worn on the body, clothes，etc 珠宝饰物：She likes buying jew-ellery.她喜欢买珠宝饰物.

272

ing（part of） an arm 袖子： The dress had short/long sleeves; it was a short-sleeved/long-sleeved dress.这连衣裙有短袖／长袖子；这是短袖／长袖连衣裙.

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

cuff／kaf／［C］ the end of a sleeve 袖口：The cuffs of his shirt are dirty.他的衬衫袖口很脏.Hisshirt cuffs are dirty.他的衬衫袖口很脏.

collar /'kolə/ [C] a part of a garment, etc, that fits round the neck 衣领；领子：He turned up the collar of his coat to keep his neck warm. 他把外套领子竖起来使脖子暖和一些.

neckband /'nek,bænd/ [C] a part of a shirt, etc, that goes round the neck（衬衫等的）领圈

lapel /lə'pel/ [C] the part of the front of a coat or jacket that is folded back below the neck on each side towards the shoulders（外衣或夹克的）翻领

hem/hem/1 [C] the edge of a piece of cloth when turned under and sewn down, esp the lower edge of a skirt or dress（裙子或衣服的） 褶边2［TI］ to put a hem on 给···缝边；锁边：Thecurtains haven＇t been hemmed yet.窗帘还没有锁边.

flies/flaiz/[P] esp BrE the front opening of a pair of trousers, with a band of cloth on one side to cover the zip or buttons（裤子前边拉链或钮扣的）遮盖布：Your flies are undone（＝ open）.你裤子的拉链没拉上（或钮扣没扣好）.

fly／flai／［C；A］flies（裤子前面拉链或钮扣的）遮盖

D163 CLOTHES 衣服

布：Your fly＇s undone.你裤子的拉链没拉上（或钮扣没扣好）.a fly button 裤子前面的钮扣

pocket /'ppkit/ [C] a small bag added to or forming part of an article of clothing, etc, for carrying things in 衣袋；口袋：He put his hands in the pockets of his trousers.他两手插在裤袋里.The money was in his left-hand trouser pocket.钱放在他左边的裤袋里.

D162 nouns 名词：special shapes in clothing［C］服装的特殊形式

[ALSO→D176]

fold /fəuld/ 1 a mark made by folding, esp clothes（尤指衣服的）折痕2 the part at which an article of clothing folds（一件衣服的）褶层pleat /pli:t/ a flat narrow fold sewn into an article of clothing（衣服的）褶 pleated［Wa5； B］ arranged in or having pleats 打褶的；起褶的； 有褶的：She wore a pleated dress.她穿了一条百褶裙.

crease/kri:s/ 1 a line made on cloth, paper, etc，by crushing， folding，or pressing 折痕；压痕；皱褶：You＇ve got a crease in your dress where you＇ve been sitting. 你衣服坐过的地方压出褶子来了.The crease in the back of your shirt shows you＇ve not pressed it properly.你衬衣背后有皱褶，证明你没有把衣服熨好．2 a straightthin line down the front and back of each leg in a pair of trousers 裤线：Boys who don＇t have creases in their trousers look untidy.男孩子的裤子上没有裤线显得很不整洁.Give me yourtrousers and I＇ll press a crease in them.把你的裤子给我，我给你熨出裤线来.

D163 nouns，etc 名词等：tailors and cobblers 裁缝及鞋匠

tailor/'teilə/1 [C] (the shop of) a person who makes outer garments to order, esp for men （尤指做男服的）裁缝；成衣匠；成衣店2［IØ；T1］tomake (an outer garment) by cutting,esp fitting closely to the person's measurements and sewing cloth 剪裁（衣服）；缝制：Mr Jones tailors for the king. 琼斯先生为国王缝制服装.That＇s a nicely-tailored suit.那套西装做工很考究．3［X9］（fig） to prepare for a special pur-pose 专为···而制作：We can tailor our insur-ance to your special needs.我们可以按照你的特殊需要为你制订保险计划.

clothier /'kləuðrə/ esp formerly a person who deals in clothes and cloth 布商；服装商

jeweller BrE,jeweler AmE /'d3u:ələ/ (the shop of) a person who deals in jewels, watches，etc 珠宝商；珠宝店

cobbler/'koblə/[C] (the shop of) a person whose work it is to mend shoes，boots，etc 补鞋匠；修鞋匠；补鞋店

273

D170 CLEANING ＆ CARE 清洁与护理

Cleaning and personal care

清洁与个人护理

D170 verbs 动词：washing and cleaning

洗涤与清洁 [ALSO→D179]

wash/wpf/1[T1 (down,off,out); (IØ)] to clean with or as if with liquid 洗；洗涤；洗濯：He was washing his clothes／car／dog／hands.他正在洗衣服／冲洗汽车／给狗洗澡／洗手.She washed herselfcarefully with soap and water.她用肥皂和水仔细冲洗全身.He washed the car down.他冲洗汽车.She washed the soap off.她把肥皂洗掉.He washed the room out.他洗刷房间.You wash （the dishes） and I＇ll dry．你洗碗，我来抹干．2［IØ (with)] to clean oneself or a part of one's body with liquid（用水）洗澡；洗身体某部分：Shewashed (with soap and water) before dinner. 她饭前（用肥皂和水）洗手．3［L9；（IØ）］to bearcleaning with liquid without damage 耐洗： These clothes don＇t wash easily.这些衣服不耐洗．4［IØ（with） nonassertive］ infml to be easy to believe 信得过：That story just won＇t wash （with me）．那事情我就是不信．5［IØ（against， over); T1] to flow over or against (something) continually（连续地）流过；冲击；拍打：The waves washed（against／over） the shore.大浪拍击着岸边．6［X9，esp away， off］ to cause to be re-moved as stated，with or as if with liquid（被水）冲走；洗掉；洗去：I washed the dirt off（my hands）.我把手上的脏东西洗掉.The waveswashed away the swimmer.浪涛把游泳者冲走了．7［T1；IØ（for）］ to pour water over （esp small stones） in search of precious metal （用水）淘洗（以寻找贵金属）：We kept washing （themud） （for gold） but found nothing.我们不停地淘洗（泥沙）（寻找金子），可什么也没找到.

clean/kli:n/1 [T1; IØ] to (cause to) become clean 使清洁；把···弄干净；清除污垢：Please cleanthe windows as I can hardly see out.请把窗户擦干净，我几乎看不见外面了.Metal ornamentsclean easily． 金属装饰品很容易清洗．2［T1］ tocut out the bowels and inside parts of the body from (birds and animals that are to be eaten）清除（禽类或兽类的）内脏（以备煮食）：Ihave to clean the chicken before I can cook it.我把鸡烹调之前，得先把它的内脏清除.cleaner[C] a person whose work it is to clean a place 清洁工人［ALSO■D178］

cleanse /klenz/ 1 [T1] to make (usu a cut, wound，etc） clean or pure； to clean fully 清洗（伤口）；净化；彻底清洁：The nurse cleansed the wound before stitching it.护士先清洗伤口，然后才把它缝合．2［D1 from／of； T1（of）］（fig）to remove (something bad, an illness, etc) from （a person） by or as if by cleaning 洗净（恶行）； 消除（疾病等）：＇Please cleanse me of my sin！＇ he asked the priest.“请洗净我的罪孽吧！”他请求牧师说.My soul has been cleansed（of sin）.我的心灵得到了净化.

scrub/skrab/1 [IØ; T1; X7] to clean by hard rubbing，as with a stiff brush（用硬刷子）用力刷洗：She said that a wife does nothing but cooking and scrubbing all day.她说做妻子的整天不是做饭就是刷洗东西.He scrubbed the floorclean.他把地板刷洗干净.I scrubbed the shirt to remove the spot．我把衬衣上的污迹刷洗掉．2［X9， esp out］ to remove in this way 刷掉；刷净： She scrubbed the spot out.她刷掉污迹.Scrub the dirt off the floor.把地板上的污垢刷干净.

scour /skauə/ 1 [T1(down, out)] to clean (a surface) by very hard rubbing with a rough material（用粗糙材料）刷净（表面）；擦亮：Hescoured the walls down with a stiff brush.他用硬刷子彻底刷洗了那些墙壁.She scoured outthe dirty pan．她把平底锅的污垢刷净．2［X9，espfrom,off,out] to remove (dirt, oil, etc) in this way 把（污垢、油腻等）刷掉；擦去：He scouredthe dirt off the floor．他把地板上的污垢刷掉．3[T1 (out)] (of a stream of water) to form by wearing or washing away（水流）冲刷成；冲出（某种形状）：Water had scoured out a channel in the soft sand.水流在松软的沙上冲出一条水道来.

rinse /rmns/1 [T1 (out)] to wash (esp clothes)in clean water so as to take away soap, dirt,etc （用清水）冲洗掉（衣服上的肥皂、脏物等）；漂清；漂洗：I＇ll just rinse （out） these shirts.我来把这些衬衣漂洗干净.Rinse your mouth（out）.你漱漱口吧.Please rinse （out）my cup.请把我的杯子冲洗干净．2［X9，esp out（of）］ to wash（soap，dirt， etc） out （of something） with clean water（用清水）把···漂去；冲洗掉（肥皂、污垢等）：Rinse thesoap out of these shirts.把这些衬衣上的肥皂冲净.She rinsed out the sea water from her bathing-suit.她把泳衣上的海水冲洗掉.

dry/drai/ [T1; IØ; (up, out)] to become or make (something) dry, esp after washing, cleaning, etc（尤指清洗后）变干；使干（燥）；弄干；晾干；擦干：You wash the dishes and I＇ll dry them.你洗碟子，我来把它们擦干.You wash and I＇ll dry.你来洗，我来擦干.The clothes have dried.衣服已经干了.Has the fire dried （out） the clothes yet？火烘干了衣服吗？

sĥampoo /fæm'pu:/ [T1] to wash (esp the head and hair） with soap or shampoo ［→D183］（用肥皂或洗发剂）洗（尤指头和头发）：She sham-pooed her hair last night.她昨天晚上洗了头.

sponge /spand3/ [T1] to clean with a sponge ［→D178］用海绵洗涤；揩拭：He sponged theblood off his skin.他用海绵擦掉皮肤上的血迹.Don＇t wash this garment； just sponge it.这件衣服不用洗，用海绵擦擦就行了.

wipe/waip/1 [T1 (on)] to pass a cloth or other material against (something) to remove dirt, liquid，etc（用布等）擦净；抹掉：He wiped his nose（on a handkerchief）.他（用手帕）擦鼻子. Wipe down the walls with a cloth.用布把墙擦干净.He wiped the sink out.他把洗涤槽擦洗干净.Wipe your feet （on the mat） when you come in．你进来时（在门垫上）把脚擦干净．2［X9（up）］ to remove by wiping 擦除；擦掉：He wiped away her tears.他为她抹去眼泪.Wipe up the water on the table.把桌子上的水抹掉.

274

D171 nouns 名词：washing and cleaning ［S］洗涤与清洁

wash/wof/1 the act or action or an example of washing or being washed 洗；洗涤；洗濯；洗刷；冲洗：Go upstairs and have a wash.上楼去洗一洗吧.Give the car a good wash.把汽车好好冲洗一下．2 the flow， sound， or act of a mass of water （such as a wave）水的流动；水流声；（浪的）冲击：Iheard the wash of the waves.我听到浪的拍击声.

clean /kli:n/ an act of cleaning dirt, esp from the surface of something 清洗；打扫：She gives the room a good clean every day.她每天把房间打扫得干干净净.

scrub／skrab／ an act of scrubbing. 刷洗；刷净： Give that dirt／floor a good scrub.把那些脏东西／ 地板好好刷洗一下.

scour／skavə／ an act of scouring 擦洗；冲刷：Give the inside of the oven a scour.把烤炉内部擦洗干净.

rinse ／rins／ an act of rinsing 漂清；冲洗：Give these wet cloths／clothes a rinse.把这些湿布／衣服漂洗干净.

dry／drai／an act of drying 弄干；擦干；揩干：Give these plates a dry.把这些盘子擦干.The wet clothes were put out for a dry in the sun.湿衣服放在阳光下去晾晒了.

shampoo／fæm＇pu：／an act of shampooing 洗头； 洗发：She gave her hair a good shampoo last night.她昨晚把头发好好洗了洗.

brush／brAf／ an act of brushing 刷： I＇ll just give my coat／hair a quick brush.我来把大衣／头发很快地刷一刷.

wipe／waip／an act of wiping 擦；抹；揩：Give the table a wipe with a wet cloth.用湿布把桌子抹一下.

D172 nouns 名词： baths and showers

洗澡与淋浴 [ALSO→D40]

bath/ba:θ/[C]1 an act of washing one's whole body at one time 沐浴；洗澡：He had（BrE）／ took （AmE）a bath． 他洗了个澡．2 the water for a bath 洗澡水：He got into a cold／hot bath. 他洗了个冷／热水澡.（fig）He had a steam bath.他洗了个蒸汽浴.I had a lovely bath of sun-shine．我晒了个惬意的日光浴．3 the quality orstate of being covered with a liquid 浸没；湿淋淋：He was in a bath of sweat［■B62］．他浑身大汗淋漓.baths ［P］ a building with one or more rooms used for bathing or swimming 浴场；澡堂；游泳池：He goes to the public baths every week.他每周到公共浴室去洗澡.

bathe /beið/ [C usu sing] BrE infml the act of going into a body of water or a swimming pool to bathe or swim 洗澡； 游泳： Let＇s go for a bathe.我们游泳去吧.

bathing /'beiðin/ [U] the act or practice of going into water to bathe or swim（进入水中）

D173 CLEANING ＆ CARE 清洁与护理

洗澡或游泳：Mixed bathing（by men and women）is allowed in this pool.这个浴池允许男女同浴.The bathing in this part of the lake is considered dangerous.在湖的这边游泳是很危险的.

shave /Jeiv/ [C usu sing] an act or result of shaving 刮脸；刮胡子：He looks much better after having a shave and a haircut.他刮了胡子、理了发后显得漂亮多了.

shower /'Jauə/ [C] a washing of the body by standing under an opening where water comes out in many small streams 淋浴：She took／had a shower after playing tennis.她打完网球后，洗了个淋浴.

wash and brush up [C usu sing] esp BrE a usu quick act of washing, esp one's hands and face and brushingone's hair and clothes,esp after a journey（尤指旅行后）梳洗；整理：Comeon， there＇s time for a wash and brush up.快来，还有点时间可以梳洗整理一下.

ablution /əb'lu:fən/ [C usu pl] fml or humor the act of washing oneself 洗；沐浴：She performed her ablutions，then went to bed.她洗完澡就上床睡觉了.

D173 verbs 动词：bathing and showering 洗澡与淋浴

bath /ba:θ/ BrE 1 [IØ] to have a bath; wash one＇s body completely 洗澡：He can＇t see you now；he＇s bathing．他现在正在洗澡，不能见你．2［T1］ to give a bath to 给···洗澡；为···洗澡：He＇s bathing the baby.他正在给婴儿洗澡.

bathe /beið/1 [I0] esp BrE to go into a body of water or swimming pool for pleasure, to swim, for reason of health，etc 游泳；泡水（身体浸于水中）：I like to bathe in the sea.我喜欢在海里游泳.Don＇t bathe too soon after eating.刚吃完饭不要马上去游泳．2［T1］ to pour water or otherliquid over; place in water or other liquid, usu for medical purposes 把···浸在液体中（作为医疗用途）：Bathe your twisted ankle twice a day in warm water.每日两次用热水浸泡你那扭伤的足踝.3［T1］ euph to flow along the edgeof 沿着···边缘流动：The Mediterranean bathes the sunny shores of Italy.地中海的海水冲刷着意大利的阳光海岸．4［IØ］esp AmE fml to bath 洗澡 5［X9 often pass] to spread over with light, water, etc 洒满；充满（光、水等）：The room was bathed in light.房间里充满阳光.Her.eyes were bathed withlin tears.她热泪盈眶.bathing costume BrE,bathing suit esp AmE the type of cloth-ing worn by women for bathing or swimming （女用）游泳衣 swimsuit genl a bathing costume 游泳衣

shower／＇fauə／ ［IØ］ to take a shower 淋浴：He showered and put on some clean clothes.他淋浴后换上了干净的衣服.

shave/Jerv/1 [T1 (off);IØ] to cut off (hair or beard） close to the skin with a razor 刮（胡须、毛发）：Most men shave every morning.大多数男子每天早上都刮胡子.He has decided to shave

275