L183 BEGINNING ＆ ENDING 开始与结束

having developed or progressed quicker than

usual 早的；过早的；提前的：He is very well

forward with his work now.他现在的工作进度

十分快．2 more common， sometimes deprec

(of children) more like an adult than a child

（指儿童）早熟的；少年老成的：He is very forward

for his age.论年纪，他太老成了.What a forward

child she is！她是个多么早熟的孩子啊！-ness［U］

precocious /pri'kəufəs/ [B] sometimes deprec

(of esp a child) having grown up or developed

earlier than usual；（fml）forward（尤指儿童）早

熟的；少年老成的：What a precocious child he

is; he is only five and seems to know a lot

about sex！他是个多么早熟的孩子；他只有五岁却

好像对两性的事已懂得很多！-ly［adv］ precocity

［U］ the state of being precocious 早熟

L184 adjectives 形容词：late and last-minute 晚期的与最后一分钟的

late /leit/ [Wal; B usu compar & superl] hap-

pening towards the end of something 晚期的；

后期的：In early times they used horses but in

later times they had cars.从前他们使用马，但后

来他们有汽车了.Later this year I＇m going to

Canada.今年晚些时候我打算去加拿大.What is

the latest news？有什么最新消息？Is it a good

car？-Well， it＇s their latest.这辆汽车好不

好？-唔，这是他们的最新款汽车.

latter/'lætə/[Wa5]fml 1 [A] nearer to the end;

later 后面的；末尾的：The latter years of his life

were peaceful．他的晚年生活很平静．2［A；the

(G) U] the second (of two people or things

just spoken of）（两者的）后者：Of the pig and

the cow， the latter is more valuable.猪和牛相

比，后者价值更高.

subsequent /'sAbsi,kwənt/ [Wa5; B (to)] com-

ing after something else, sometimes as a re-

sult of it 后来的；随后的；随之而来的：We made

plans for a visit but subsequent difficulties

with the car prevented it.我们本来打算去游览，

但后来由于汽车有麻烦而作罢.Subsequent to his

visit came news of his illness.他访问之后传来

他生病的消息.-ly［adv］

last-minute /la:st'minit/ [Wa5; A] happening

when it is nearly too late 最后一分钟的；紧急关

头的：They gave us some useful last-minute

help.他们在最后的紧急关头助了我们一臂之力.

eleventh-hour /ı,levənθ'avə/ [Wa5; A] happen-

ing at the very last moment, esp before some-

thing （usu undesirable） happens 最后时刻的关

头的；危急关头的：We had to make an eleventh-

hour decision to stop the war.我们必须在最后

关头作出决定制止这场战争.at the eleventh

hour at the last possible moment 在最后时刻；

在危急之时：The war was stopped at the

eleventh hour.战争在最后一刻被制止了.

L185 adjectives，etc 形容词等：last and

final［Wa5］最后的与最终的

forward/'forwəd/[B] 1 less common early; last/la:st/1[A] coming after all others in order

早的；原始的：the original settlers of a country 一个国家最早的定居者

L183 adjectives，etc 形容词等：early and premature 早期的与早熟的

early /'3:li/ [Wal; A] happening towards the beginning of something 早期的；早先的；古时的；古代的：This is what they did in earlier times／in early China.这是他们在早期／在古代中国所做的事.From the earliest times people have lived in this valley.从太古时代起，人们就一直在这一流域居住.

former/'fo:mə/ [Wa5] fml 1 [A] of an earlier

period 前任的；以前的；原先的：Mr Heath，the

former prime minister of Britain,spoke at the

meeting.英国前任首相希斯先生在会上讲了话.-ly

[adv Wa5] 2 [A; the (G) U] the first (of two

people or things just spoken of）（两者的）前者：

If I were asked to choose between Spain and

Italy for a holiday, I should choose the former

(country) .如果要我在西班牙和意大利

之间选择去哪国度假，我会选择前者.Of pigs and

cows, the former (= are less valuable.猪

和牛之间，前者价值较低.Did he walk or swim？

-The former seems more likely.他是走路还是

游泳？-前者似乎可能性较大.

erstwhile / 3:st'wail/ [Wa5; A] esp fml & lit former（def 1）先前的；以前的；原先的：They areerstwhile enemies， but now they are friends.他们昔日是仇敌，如今已成为朋友.

previous /'pri:viəs/ [Wa5; A] happening, com-ing，or being earlier in time or order 先前的；在前的；以前的：Have you had any previous experience or is this kind of work new to you? 你有过这类工作的经验吗？是不是第一次做这类工作？My previous employer has given me a letter to say that I am suitable for this job. 我原先的雇主给一封介绍信，说我适合做这个工作.-ly[Ape]

antecedent/,æntə'si:dənt/ [Wa5; B (to)]fml & tech previous 先前的；先时的；在···之前的：Tellus about the antecedent events/the events ante-cedent to the murder.给我们讲一下先前的情形／在谋杀发生前的情形.

premature /'premətfə/ [B] 1 developing, hap-pening,ripening, or coming before the natu-ral or proper time 早熟的；未成熟的；过早的：Hispremature death at the age of thirty-two is a great loss.他三十二岁即早逝是一大损失.Owingto the very hot weather, the crops are prema-ture this year．由于气温太高，今年的庄稼早熟．2［Wa5；also 又作 E］ （of a human or animal baby, or a birth) born, or happening, after less than the usual period of time inside the mother＇s body 早产的：a premature birth 早产3 done too early or too soon；hasty 草率的；太急的；仓促的：The general＇s decision to attack was premature.将军的进攻决定太仓促了.By hispremature action he lost the battle.由于他的草率行动，战役打败了.-ly［adv］

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or time 最后的：The last train leaves at ten o＇clock．最后一班火车十点钟开出．2［A］beingthe only remaining 唯一剩下的：It was his last year at college．那是他在大学的最后一年．3［A］least suitable or likely 最不合适的；最不可能的：He＇s the last person I thought would come！我绝对想不到他会来！4［A］nearest in time before the present 最近过去的；紧接现在前面的；上一个；前一个：That was the last time we met.那是我们上一次相遇.We met last year and hope tomeet again next year.我们去年相遇，希望明年再次相遇．5［adv］ after all others 最后地；最末地：He came last in the race.他在赛跑中名列最后.6 ［adv］ on the occasion nearest in the past 最近一次；上一次：It was 1960 when we met last．我们上次相遇是在1960年．7［（the）（G）U］who／which is／are last 最后的人；最后的物：This is the last of the wine.这是最后一点酒了.Theseare the last of our friends.这些是我们最后所剩的几个朋友了．8［the U］ the latest moment；end 最后；结尾；末尾；尽头：He was faithful to thelast.他忠诚到底.-ly ［adv］ at （long） last after a long time 终于：He came at last.他终于来了.At last he came.他终于来了.

final／＇faməl／1［A］ last；coming in the end 最后的；最终的：Z is the final letter in the alphabet. Z是最后一个字母.He had a final cup of teabefore he left．他喝了最后一杯茶后走了．2［B］(of a decision, offer, etc) that cannot be changed（指决定、出价等）决定性的；不可更改的：I won＇t go and that＇s final！我决不去，就这么定了！Is that your final offer？那是你的最后出价吗？-ly［adv］

finite/'farnait/ [B] (of life, times, etc) having an end or limit（时间或生命等）有尽的；有限的：Alllife is finite.生命有限.

terminal /'tз:mənəl/ [B] 1 of or at the end or limit of something 末端的；终端的；终点的；结尾的2 of，being，related to， or for an illness that will cause death（疾病）晚期的；后期的：She is suffering from a terminal illness.她的病已到晚期.-ly［adv］

eventual /r'ventfuəl/ [A] (of an event) happen-ing at last as a result（事件）结局的；最后的：Hedid not live to see the eventual success of his efforts.他没有看到自己努力的成果就死了.-ly[adv]

·ultimate/'Altəmit/ [A; (B)] 1 (the) last or farthest distant 最后的；最终的；最远的：It is theultimate point of land before the sea begins. 这是陆地末端，再过去就是海．2 considered as afoundation or base 基础的；基本的；根本的：Thesun is the ultimate store of power.太阳是最根本的能量来源.The ultimate responsibility lies with the president．最终的责任由总统承担．3greatest, after which no other can be con-sidered 最大的；极限的：He＇s done stupid things before, but to look for the escaping gas with a match really was the ultimate silliness.他以前也干过糊涂事，但是划了火柴检查漏煤气，的确是糊涂透顶了.-ly［adv］

L200 OLD，NEW ＆ YOUNG 新旧与老少

Old,new,and young

新旧与老少

L200 adjectives，etc 形容词等：old in time 古老的

old /əuld/1 [Wal; B; the (G) U] having lived or existed for a long time or long enough to show signs of age 年老的；老年的；古老的；年代久的：He sells old and new books.他卖新旧书籍.The old is sometimes more attractive than the new．古旧的东西有时比新东西更吸引人．2［Wal；B] having been in use for a long time or long enough to show signs of use 旧的；破旧的；用旧的：old shoes 旧鞋；an old car 旧汽车3［Wa5；A](before nouns showing a relationship of equality) having continued in the relationship for a long time（指关系）老的；老相识的；旧有的：old and new friends 老朋友和新朋友；old ene-mies 夙仇4［Wa5；A］former 旧时的；过去的；原有的；原来的：What was her old name before she got married？她结婚前原来姓什么？5［Wa5；A］ known for a long time 熟悉的；老一套的：Notthe same old story again.不要再重复老一套了.Good old John！老友约翰！6［Wa5；A］（used for making a phrase stronger）随便（加重语气）： Come any old time.随时来.I can use any old thing．我什么东西都可以用．7［Wa5；A］（of alanguage) of an early period in the history of the language（语言）古的；早期的：Old English 古英语；Old Irish 古爱尔兰语 as old as thehills very old 非常古老的

ancient/'emfənt/ 1 [B] in or of times long ago 古代的；古时的：ancient Rome and Greece 古罗马和古希腊2［B］having existed since a very early time 古老的；久已存在的；年代久远的：ancient customs 古老的风俗3［C usu cap］ a person, esp a Roman or Greek, who lived in times long ago古人；（尤指）古罗马人；古希腊人4［C］old use an old man 老人

prehistoric / pri:hr'stprik/ [Wa5; B] of or belonging to a time before recorded history 史前的：prehistoric man 史前时期人；prehistoric burial grounds 史前墓葬

primeval also 又作 primaeval／prar＇mi：vəl／ BrE [Wa5] 1 of the earliest period of the earth's existence 地球形成初期的；远古的：The primevaloceans have all gone.地球早期的海洋都消失了.2 very ancient; having existed a very long time 原始的；古老的：primeval forests 原始森林

medieval also 又作 mediaeval／medr＇i：val／ BrE [Wa5] 1 of the Middle Ages, the period in history between about 1100 and 1500中古的；中世纪（1100年至1500年之间）的：a medievalcastle 中世纪的城堡；medieval ideas 中古的思想2 deprec not fml very old or old-fashioned 陈年旧代的；老式的

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L201 OLD，NEW ＆ YOUNG 新旧与老少

L201 special adjectives，etc 专门的形容词等：old in time［B］古老的

antique /æn'ti:k/ 1 being old and therefore valuable 古老（因而值钱）的；古式的；古董的：Ifthis ring was antique and not modern the silver and workmanship would be of much better quality.如果这枚戒指是古董而不是现代货色，那么银子和手工的质量应该好得多．2 of orconnected with the ancient world, esp of Rome or Greece 古代的；（尤指）古希腊的；古罗马的：antique figures cut in stone 古希腊或古罗马的石刻人像

antiquated /'æntə,kweitid/old and not suited to present needs or conditions; not modern; oldfashioned 陈旧的；老式的；过时的

obsolete /'pbsəli:t/ [Wa5] no longer used; out of date 已废弃的；已不用的；过时的；淘汰的

obsolescent/,pbsə'lesənt/ [Wa5] becoming ob-solete 逐渐被淘汰的；变得过时的 obsolescence[U] the state or condition of being obso-lescent 废弃；陈腐；逐渐过时

outdated ／aut＇deitid／ also 又作 out-of-date /,aut əv'deit/not generally used at a given date; not modern 过时的；旧式的：He uses outdated methods.他运用过时的方法.His methods are really out-of-date.他的方法确实过时了.

hoary／＇horri／［Wal］1（of hair） grey or white（头发）花白或全白的2（of people）having grey or white hair（人）白发苍苍的3（esp fig）very old 古老的；久远的

old-fashioned/'əuld'fæfənd/ (of a type that is) no longer common 老式的；守旧的；过时的；古老的：old-fashioned ideas 守旧的观念；an old-fashioned house 老式的房子

archaic /a:'kei-ik/ (esp of language) belonging to the past； no longer used（尤指语言）古老的； 过时的

prehistoric / pri:hr'storik/ deprec or humor very old-fashioned； long used or known 陈旧的；陈腐的；老掉牙的：Is Simon＇s prehistoric car still working？西蒙那老掉牙的汽车还能开吗？Hisideas on morals are really prehistoric.他的道德观念真陈腐.

second-hand /'sekənd'hænd/ [Wa5] 1 already used by someone else and therefore con-sidered old 用过的；旧的；二手的：He bought asecond-hand car．他买了一辆旧汽车．2also又作at second hand ［adv］ indirectly 间接地：She got the news second-hand.她是间接得到这个消息的.

L202 adjectives，etc 形容词等：new 新的

new /nju:/ 1 [Wal; B] having begun or been made only a short time ago or before 新的；新近的：a new government 新政府；new fashions 新式样；new wine 新酒2［Wa5；B］ not used by anyone before 未用过的；崭新的：We sell new and used furniture.我们卖新旧家具.It＇s a used car, but good as new (= as if it had never

been used）.虽然那是辆旧车，可是简直和新的一样．3［Wal；A］ a being found or becoming known only now or recently in the past 新发现的；新知道的：the discovery of a new star 发现一颗新星 b being in the stated position only a short time 刚获得资格或地位的：a new memberof the club 俱乐部新会员；the new nations of Africa 非洲新成立国家；a college producing new teachers 培养新教师的学院4［Wa5；A］different from the earlier thing(s) done, known about, etc, or people known (about), for a longer time；（an）other 与过去不同的；另外的；新换的：Our teacher got a new job, so our class had to get a new teacher.我们的老师有了新工作，所以我们班得换新老师了．5［Wa5；A］（of things of thesame kind in an ordered set) just beginning or to be begun， used， etc；fresh；（an）other（指有次序的同类事物）新开始的；另一的：a new day（＝another day）新的一天；begin a new chapter in a book 开始新的一章6［Wa5；A；（B）］taken from the ground early in the season; first picked of a crop 季节开始时采摘的；新上市的：The new potatoes were small.这些新上市的马铃薯很小．-ly ［adv］-ness ［U］ new to 1 just beginning to know about or do;still un-familiar with 生疏；不熟悉：The young lady was new to the job.这位年轻女士对这项工作很生疏.2 unfamiliar to 不熟悉；陌生：It＇s not a new idea but it's new to me; I hadn't heard it be-fore.那想法并不新，可是对我来说却很新鲜；我以前没听说过.

modern /'mpdən/ [B] 1 [Wa5] of the present time, or of the not far distant past; not ancient 现代的；近代的：The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, when the country became united under one government.意大利近代史始于1860年，那年意大利统一了．In this part of thecity, you can see ancient and modern buildings next to each other.在城市的这一区，你可以看到古代与现代建筑比邻而立．2 often apprecnew and different from the past 崭新的；新颖的； 时髦的：He has modern ideas in spite of his great age.他年纪虽大，头脑却很新.The furniturehe＇s just bought is very modern.他刚买的家具很时髦．3［Wa5］（esp of a language） in use today；not ancient（尤指语言）现代的：It＇s use-ful for a boy or girl to learn modern languages at school such as French and German.男女学生在学校学法语和德语之类的现代语言是很有用处的.The English spoken and written from about 1500 up to the present time is called Modern English．从1500年左右应用至今的口头和书面英语称作“现代英语”.-ness，-ity［U］

topical /'tppikal/ [B] happening and being talked about now 当前发生的；当前议论的：Hisbook is very topical at the moment.他的书是当前的热门话题．-ly［adv Wa4］

current /'karənt/ [Wa5; B] happening,being used，etc，now 现时的；当前的；现行的：What arehis current ideas on the subject？他现在对这个题目有什么意见？-ly［adv］

contemporary /kən'tempərəri/ 1[Wa5;B] happening or existing at the same time as another or one another，esp now 同时代的；当

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代的：He is interested in contemporary politics. 他对当代政治感兴趣．2［C］a person living at thesame time 同代人；同龄人：Tom and I arecontemporaries；we were at school together.汤姆和我年龄差不多；我们当年是同学.

contemporaneous /kən,tempə'remniəs/ [Wa5; B (with)] fml originating, existing, or happen-ing during the same period of time as another or each other 同时产生的；同时存在的；同时发生的：The two events were contemporaneous.这两件事是同时发生的.-ly［adv］

present /'prezənt/ [Wa5; A] happening, exist-ing，or working，etc，now 现在的；现存的；目前的： Their present leaders are not very good.他们目前的领袖不很称职.

present-day / prezənt'dei/ [Wa5; A] modern; existing now 当前的；当代的：Grandfather does-n't like present-day manners; he considers them careless.祖父不喜欢如今的风尚；他认为太随便了.

recent/'rixsənt/ [B] having happened or come into existence only a short time ago 新近的；近来的；近代的：recent history 近代史；a recent event 新近发生的事件；a recent copy of thenewspaper一份最近的报纸-ly［adv］

up-to-date /'Aptə'deit/[B] usu not fml modern; as new as anything in a given period 直到最近的；现代的；新式的；时新的：We want ourmethods to be up-to-date.我们要使用最新的方法.He uses up-to-date methods.他运用最新的方法.

up-to-the-minute/'Aptəðə'minit/ [B] not fml very modern or recent 最新的；最新式的：He isfull of up-to-the-minute information.他有满肚子最新信息.

L203 special adjectives 专门形容词：new 新颖的

novel/'npval/[B] new and interesting or special 新的；新颖的；新奇的：That＇s a novel idea！那是个新奇的想法！

fresh/fref/ [Wal; B] 1(esp of food,etc)newly prepared（食品等）新鲜的；新制成的：This breadis fresh； it＇s just made.面包是新鲜的；刚刚出炉．-ly ［adv］ 2（of air，etc）pure（空气等）清新的；纯净的：Breathe that lovely fresh air！呼吸一下那沁人心脾的新鲜空气吧！-ness［U］

original /ə'rıd3ənəl/ 1 [B] often apprec new;of a new type； unlike others of the same type 别出心裁的；新颖的：an original idea／invention 新颖的想法／发明 2［B］ often apprec able to benew or different from others in ideas or behaviour 有独创性的；有独到见解的：an originalthinker 有创见的思想家3［Wa5；A；（B）］not copied 非复制的；非抄袭的；原作品的：an originalpainting 绘画原作

seminal /'semənəl/ [B] containing the seeds of later development; influencing others in a new way；original 孕育新发展的；有影响力的；独创的；创新的：This is a seminal book.这是一本富独创性的书.-ly［adv］

pristine /'pristi:n/ [Wa5; A; (B)] fml or lit 1 of

L204 OLD，NEW ＆ YOUNG 新旧与老少

the earliest time; unchanged from the first condition 早期的；原始状态的；原来的：Nothingcan bring back to these ruins the pristine beauty of the original building.再也无法使这些废墟恢复其原来建筑物的美了．2 pure；undam-aged；fresh and clean 纯洁的；未损坏的；新鲜的；洁净的：When the snow began to melt， it lost its pristine whiteness.雪开始融化时，就失去了原来皎洁的色泽了.

mint /mint/ [Wa5; A] (of a coin or postage stamp) in perfect condition, as if new and unused（硬币和邮票等）崭新的；未用过的；新造似的：a mint penny black stamp of Queen Victoria＇s time 一张未用过的维多利亚女王时代的黑便士邮票 in mint condition （of any objects which people collect for pleasure such as books, postage stamps, coins, etc) in perfect condition，as new and unused （人们收藏的东西， 如书籍、邮票和钱币等）崭新的；妥善保存得像新的；完美无瑕的：In that old bookshop，I was lucky enough to find an early copy of Byron's poems in mint condition.在那家旧书店里，我幸运地找到了一本毫无污损的拜伦诗集早期版本.

L204 adjectives，etc 形容词等：future， imminent， and impending［Wa5］未来的、即将来临的与迫在眉睫的

future/'fju:tfə/ [(the) A] happening in or be-longing to time still to come 将来的；未来的： Who is the girl with Jim Smith?-Oh, that's the future Mrs Smith.跟吉姆·史密斯一起的那个女孩子是谁？-哦，那是未来的史密斯太太.Ifhe doesn't change his methods his future difficulties will be great.假如他不改变方法，他将来会遇到很大的困难.

forthcoming/'fo:θ'kamu/ [B] planned for the near future 即将到来的；即将出现的：He gave mea list of their forthcoming books.他给了我一份他们即将出版的新书目录.

imminent/'rmənənt/ [B] which is going to hap-pen very soon 即将来临的；迫切的：His arrivalis imminent.他即将来到.His thoughts were of the imminent death of his father.他想到的是他父亲快要去世了.There＇s a storm imminent.一场暴风雨即将来临.-ly［adv］imminence［U］ the nearness of something which is going to hap-pen 临近；逼近：The imminence of his death was seen by all.大家都看出他死期临近了.

impending /Im'pendin/ [B] esp emot &lit(esp of something unpleasant） about to happen（尤指不愉快的事）即将发生的；迫在眉睫的；近在眼前的；一触即发的：The impending danger was too much for him；he ran away.对他来说迫在眉睫的危险太可怕了，所以他拔腿逃跑了.

prospective /prə'spektiv/1 [A] expected;prob-able；intended 预期的；盼望中的；预料中的；极可能的：The prospective Member of Parliament for our town will be introduced to the local party tonight.本镇那位准议员今晚将在晚会中介绍给各位．2［B］ not yet in effect； coming into operation at some future time 尚未生效的；将会

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L205 OLD，NEW ＆ YOUNG 新旧与老少

实施的：The agreement between the two com-panies is only prospective; it hasn't yet been signed.这两家公司的协议尚未生效；因协议尚未签字.

at hand about to happen 临近；迫近；近在眼前：＇The end of the world is at hand！＇he cried.他喊道：“世界末日近在眼前了！”

nigh /nar/ [F] old use, lit, pomp & humor at hand 临近的；迫近的；近在眼前的：The end ofthe world is nigh！＇ he cried.他喊道：“世界末日临近了！”

L205 nouns 名词：age and antiquity 年老与古老

age /eid3/1 [U; C] the period of time a thing has existed or a person has lived, esp if very long 年老；老年：The bones showed signs of great age（＝being very old）.这些骨头显示出年迈的迹象了.Age changes everything.随着年龄增长，一切都会改变．2［C often pl］ infml a longtime 长时间；长久；许久：It＇s been ages／an age since we met！我们好久没见面了！

antiquity /æn'tikwəti/ [U] 1 the state of being very old；great age 古老；古旧：The nobleman was proud of his family＇s antiquity.那贵族以自已的家族历史悠久为荣．2 the ancient world， espof Rome or Greece 古代世界（尤指古希腊和古罗马）：The heroes of antiquity still live in our books.我们如今仍在阅读古代英雄的故事.

prehistory /pri:'histəri/ [U] (the study of) times before history ［→L131］ was written 史前学；史前历史；史前情况：He is interested in theprehistory of France. 他对法国的史前历史感兴趣.

L206 adjectives 形容词：young and junior 年轻的与年少的

[ALSO→C1-9]

young /j^n/ [Wal; B]1 in an early stage of life, growth, development, etc; recently born or begun年轻的；年幼的；新兴的：a young girl／plant／ country 少女／新建的工厂／新成立的国家2 freshand tasty 新鲜的；鲜嫩的：young vegetables 鲜嫩的蔬菜3 having only a little experience 缺乏经验的；初出茅庐的；未成熟的；幼稚的：young incrime 犯罪经验不多的 4 of，for，concerning or having the qualities of a young person 年青的； 年轻人的；有青春活力的；朝气蓬勃的 youngish［B］more or less young 还年轻的；还年幼的

youthful/'ju:0fəl/[B] 1 precise characteristi of or having the qualities of youth 青春的；朝气蓬勃的；洋溢着青春活力的2loose young年轻的；年青的

juvenile/'d3u:vənail/[B] 1 of, like, by,or for young people, no longer babies but not yet fully grown 青少年的；青少年特有的；适合青少年的：juvenile books 少年读物；a juvenile court 少年法庭2 deprec young and foolish 幼稚的：If I

may say so, your arguments in favour of do-ing that are rather juvenile.如果要我说的话，你赞成那样做的论点相当幼稚.

adolescent /ædə'lesənt/ [B] 1 relating to a boy or girl in the period between being a child and being a grown person 青少年的；青春期的2deprec not yet adult 幼稚的；不够成熟的：ado-lescent opinions 幼稚的看法

teenage/ti:neid3/ [Wa5; A] of or belonging to the ages 13-19 青少年的；十多岁（十三岁至十九岁）的：He＇s 21， but he still has teenage ideas． 他二十一岁了，但思想仍像十来岁的.

junior ／＇d3u：nıə／1 ［Wa5； F （to）］ a younger 较年轻的；较年幼的；岁数较小的：At 28 he was stilljunior to everyone else in the business.他尽管已二十八岁了，但在公司里仍比任何人年纪都小.bof lower rank 等级较低的：He is junior to several men in the office,although he is older than they are.他在办公室里虽比一些人年龄大，但比他们级别低.c having done shorter service in an organization 资历较浅的；服务时期较短的：Heis junior to me; I was in the company long before he joined it.他的资历不及我，我在公司里工作了多年他才加入公司．2［B］a young 年纪小的；年少的：He＇s too junior to try for that im-portant job.他年纪太轻，不能让他干那样重要的工作.She＇s the most junior person in the room. 她是这个房间里年纪最小的人.b of low rank等级低的：a group of junior army officers 一群下级陆军军官：a junior post in the government 政府里的低级职位3［Wa5；the A］ youngest or least in rank or time of service 等级最低的；资历最浅的：The junior officer has the worst duties.级别最低的军官职务最辛苦.

L207 adjectives，etc 形容词等：mature and adult 成熟的与成年的

[ALSO→C1-9]

mature /mə'tjuə/ [Wa2; B] 1 a fully grown and

developed 成熟的：A monkey is mature at a

few years old, but a human being is not

mature till at least sixteen.猴子几岁大就已发育

成熟，而人至少要到十六岁才成熟.b typical of a

fully developed mind, controlled feelings, etc;

sensible 思想成熟的；能控制感情的；明白事理的：

You must not be jealous when your sister gets

presents; you must learn to behave in a more

mature way.妹妹得到礼物你不应嫉妒；你处世行

事必须学得成熟一些．2（of cheese，wine，etc）

ready to be eaten or drunk；ripe（酒）酿成了的；

（干酪等）可食用的：The wine will be kept in the

barrels until it is mature.把酒存放在桶里直到酿

成为止．3 carefully decided， after a time of

thought 审慎的；深思熟虑的；思考成熟的：a

mature judgement 经过深思熟虑的判断 im-

[neg]-ly [adv]-ness,-ity[U]

adult /ə'dalt/ [B] relating to or for a fully-grown person or animal, esp a person over an age stated by law，usu 18 or 21成年的（尤指已达法定年龄，通常为十八岁或二十一岁以上的）；成人的；成熟的：He＇s an adult person now.他已是成年人.

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It is a very adult film.那是部只适合成年人看的电影.

grown-up /,grəun'Ap/ [B] not fml adult; fully developed； no longer a child 成年的；发育成人的；成熟的：She has a grown-up daughter.她的女儿已长大成人.His behaviour is very grown-up for his age （＝although he is young）.他年纪虽少，但行为已很成熟了.

fully-grown／，fuli＇grəun／ also 又作 full-grown /ful'grəun/ [Wa5; B] esp emot mature, adult 完全成年的；充分成熟的：Stop telling him whatto do；he＇s a full-grown man now！不要老是叫他做这做那了；他现在已是大人了！

ripe /rarp/1 [Wal; B] (of fruit and crops)fully-grown and ready to be eaten（水果和庄稼等）成熟的：He saw a field of ripe corn.他看到一片成熟的玉米田.Don＇t pick the apples， they＇re not very／not quite rlpe yet.不要摘苹果；苹果还不很／不十分熟．2［Wal；B］（of cheese or wine）old enough to be eaten or drunk（干酪）可以食用的；（酒）酿好的3［Wal； B］ （of qualities） fully developed 思想成熟的；老成持重的：I must asksomeone of riper judgement than myself what to do.我必须请教一些判断问题比我成熟的人，看看该怎么办．4［Wa5；F for］ ready；fit 准备就绪的；适宜的：The land is ripe for industrial develop-ment.这片土地已适于作工业发展之用了.She isnot yet ripe for marriage．她还年轻，不宜结婚．5［F in］ having grown to the possession （of）老练的；有经验的：He is a man ripe in experience. 他是个经验老到的人.of ripe age grown-up andexperienced 成熟的；有经验的 of ripe（r） years euph or humor no longer young 成年的the time is ripe (for) it is time; things are ready （for）时机成熟：I won＇t tell her the news until the time is ripe（for it）.我要等到时机成熟才告诉她这个消息.

seasoned /'si:zənd/ [A;(B)]1(of wood,etc) made hard and fit for use（木材等）干燥可用的：Wood must be well seasoned before use.木材需干透才可使用．2（fig）（of people） made skilled,etc, by time, practice, and experience （指人）老练的；熟练的；有经验的：They are allseasoned men.他们都是久经风浪的人.

veteran /'vetərən/ [Wa5] 1 [C (of); A] (a per-son) who has had experience in the stated form of activity，esp in war 有经验的（人）；阅历丰富的（人）；老兵；老将：Grandfather is a vet-eran of the First and Second World Wars.祖父是参加过两次世界大战的老兵.They are veteranofficers．他们是久经沙场的军官．2［C；A］（aperson) who has had long experience in some form of activity 老手；老练的（人）：The minister is too much a veteran in the world of politics to care much about what his opponents say. 这位部长是政坛老将，不会在乎他的政敌说些什么.At the age of twelve the boy was already a vet-eran traveller, having travelled all over the world with his father.这男孩才十二岁就已经是旅游的行家，他已同父亲周游过世界．3［C；A］（athing） that has grown old with long use 用旧了的（东西）；旧（物）；老古董：Every year a race isheld in England for veteran cars (= those made before 1916）．英国每年都举行一次（1916年

L208 OLD，NEW ＆ YOUNG 新旧与老少

以前制造的）老爷车竞赛.This sewing machine isa real old veteran.这架缝纫机真是个老古董.

senior／＇si：nə／1 ［Wa5；F （to）］ a older（比···）年长的；年纪较大的：At age 68 she was senior toeveryone in the room.她六十八岁，比房间里所有的人年纪都大.b of higher rank 等级较高的：Hisappointment as chairman makes him senior to several older men.他被任命为主席，使他的级别高于好几个比他年长的人.c having donelonger service in an organization 资历较深的； 服务时间较长的：He is senior to me； he was inthe company when Ijoined it.他比我资历深；我初到公司时他已在了．2［B］a old 老年的：He＇stoo senior to try for a young man＇s job.他年纪太大，不能去干年轻人的工作.He is the mostsenior person in the room.他是这个房间里岁数最大的人.b of high rank 等级高的：a meeting ofthe most senior army officers 陆军军官最高级会议；a senior government position 一个政府高级职位3 ［Wa5； the A］ oldest or highest in rank or time of service 年纪最大的；等级最高的；资历最深的：The senior officer was only a captain. 军阶最高的那位军官不过是名上尉.

middle-aged /'midl'eid3d/ [B] of or belonging to the years between youth and old age 中年的：a middle-aged man 中年男子

L208 adjectives 形容词：old in years 老年的

old/əuld/1 [Wal; B; E] advanced in age; of age （年纪）大的；···岁的：How old are you？你多大年纪了？You＇re old enough to dress yourself， child.孩子，你年纪不小了，应该会自己穿衣服了.He is as old as John．他跟约翰同岁．She is 16years old．她十六岁．She is a 16-year-old girl．她是个十六岁的女孩．2［Wal；B；the P；the U］having lived for a long time or long enough to show signs of age 老年的；年老的：The club is for both young and old people.这个俱乐部青年人和老年人都可加入：The old and the young donot always understand each other.老年人与青年人往往彼此不了解.

aged／＇eid3id／ ［B； the P］ often emot very old 老年的；年老的：He＇s very aged now； over 90 years old.他很老了；九十多岁了.He spoke to an agedwoman.他对一位老太太讲话.The sick andaged need help.病人与老人需要帮助.

elderly /'eldəli/[B; the P] often emph (of a person）getting near old age 上了年纪的；接近老年的；年长的：an elderly man一位上了年纪的男人；My father is getting elderly now and can＇t walk very fast.我父亲渐渐老了，无法走得很快.These stairs are too steep to be convenient for the elderly.这楼梯太陡，对上了年纪的人不方便.

senile /'si:nail/ sometimes deprec of or coming from old age; showing the weakness of body or esp of mind associated with old age 年老所致的；衰老的；老年迟钝的

ancient／＇ernfənt／［B］often humor very old 很老的

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L209 OLD， NEW ＆ YOUNG 新旧与老少

L209 nouns 名词：ages and birthdays 年纪与生日

age/erd3/1 [U;C] the period of time a person has lived or a thing has existed 年龄；年纪；岁数： What is your age？你多大年纪了？He is tenyears of age.他十岁了.At your age you should know better.你这个年纪，应该比较明白事理了.When I was your age I was still at school.我在你这个年纪时还在上学.What ages are your chil-dren？你那些小孩多大了？2［U］ one of theperiods of life（人生中的某个）时期：When aman has reached forty he has reached middle age．人到四十已步入中年．3［U］ an advanced orold period of life 老年：His back was bent with age．他老了，背都弯了．4［U；（C）］ the particular time of life at which a person becomes able or not able to do something（规定）年龄：There are age limits for members of the society.这个社团对会员有年龄限制.People who are eitherunder age or over age may not join.不足规定年龄和超过规定年龄的人都不得加入.（become）ofage (to be or reach) the particular age, usu 18 or 21, when a person becomes responsible in law for his own actions, and is allowed to vote, get married，etc 到达法定年龄（指可参加选举或结婚等，通常为十八或二十一岁）aged［Wa5；F9］fml being of the stated number of years···岁的：My son is aged twelve （years）.我儿子十二岁.

birthday /'b3:θdei/ [C] 1 the date on which someone was born 出生的日子；诞生的日子 2the day when this date falls 生日；诞辰；寿辰： Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐.Let me wish you a happy birthday.我祝贺你生日快乐.Are you having a birthday party？你是在举行生日庆祝会吗？

date of birth also 又作 birth date ［C］ the date on which one was born 出生日期：What is your date of birth？你什么时候出生？His birth date was the 10th July 1950．他生于1950年7月10日．

L210 nouns 名词：times of life ［U］人生阶段

youth/ju:0/1 the period of being young,esp the period between being a child and being fully grown；early life 青年时期2 the appear-ance， health， etc， of someone who is young 青春

adolescence /,ædə'lesəns/ the state of being or time when one is adolescent[■L206]or becoming an adult 青春期

prime (of life) /praim (əv,larf)/ the time when one is at one＇s best 壮年；盛年；一生中的全盛期：He died in the prime of life,when he was 35 （years old）.他于三十五岁正当盛年时去世了.Hedied in his prime， in a car accident.他正当盛年时死于车祸.

middle age the years between youth and old age 中年时期：He＇s nearly 60， but he still

considers himself to be in middle age.他已年近六旬，但仍然认为自己正值中年.

old age the part of one＇s life when one is old 老年时期

senility /sə'nıləti/ the weakness of mind or body associated with old age 衰老；老年；老态龙钟

seniority / siinr'prəti/ the state of being senior to (= older or in a place longer than) some-one else， esp in an oraganization 年长；资历深； 职位高：He has more seniority than me；he has been here twelve years and I have only been here six.他的资历比我深；他在这里已十二年，我才六年.

L211 verbs 动词：growing，ageing，and maturing 长大、变老与成熟

grow／grəu／［IØ］ to become older，bigger，etc 长大；成长：That child is growing fast.-Yes，he＇s growing to be a big boy; he has grown a lot in the last year.那孩子长得真快.-是呀，他快长成一个大孩子了；在过去一年里他长高了不少.Thetree grew tall.这棵树长高了.

age /eid3/ [T1; IØ] 1 to (cause to) become old （使）变老：After his wife＇s death he aged quickly.太太死后他老得很快.The fear of whatmight happen aged him.他因为担心会出事，人都显得苍老了．2 to（cause to） become fitter for use with the passage of time; (cause to) have a fully-developed taste（使）变陈而好用；（使味道）变醇：The wine aged well.这酒有年头了，味道醇和.We age the wine in the deepest part of the building for a long time.我们将酒存放在房屋最深处许多年，让它变成陈年美酒.

mature /mə'tfuə/ [IØ] to become fully grown and developed； become mature ［→L207］长成； 成熟

ripen/'raipən/ [IØ; T1] to make or become ripe 变熟；使熟；成熟：The sun ripens the corn.太阳使玉米成熟.The corn ripens in the sun.玉米在阳光下成熟.

grow up [v adv IØ] to grow to become an adult 长大；成人：He grew up in Liverpool.他在利物浦长大.

develop /dr'veləp/ [T1; IØ; (from or out of)] to (cause to) grow, increase, or become larger or more complete 发展；（使）生长；（使）成长；（使）增长；（使）增大：to develop from a seed into a plant 从种子长成植物；to develop a busi-ness／one＇s mind 发展业务／开阔思想境界；Diffe-rent conditions develop different sides of a person＇s character.不同的环境发展一个人性格的不同方面.He has gradually developed a liking for that tropical fruit. 他渐渐喜爱吃那种热带水果了.A child develops rapidly between the ages of 13 and 16．十三岁至十六岁的孩子发育得很快.

evolve /I'vplv/ [IØ; T1] to (cause to) develop over a long time（使）进化；（使）演化；（使）演变；（使）渐变；（使）渐进：Most scientists think that humans evolved from animals like monkeys.

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大多数科学家都认为人类是从猴子一类的动物进化而来的.His plan is a good one and has evolved over several years.他的计划是个好计划， 是经过几年构思而形成的.They have evolved anew plan.他们酝酿出一项新的计划.evolution［U］1 the act of evolving 演化；演变；渐变；渐进2 the evolving, esp of one kind of life into another, from simple early forms to much more complex later forms（生命的）进化evolu-tionary [Wa5; B] of, concerning, or like evolution 进化的：Evolutionary development has made us what we are.进化使我们人类变成今天这个样子.

season/'si:zən/1 [Wv5; T1] to give long experi-ence to 使长期经历：a seasoned traveller／soldier 饱经风霜的旅行者／久经沙场的士兵2［T1；IØ］a tomake （wood） hard and fit for use by drying 风干（木材）以备应用 b（of wood） become hardand fit for use（木材）干透可用

date/deit/1 [T1] to find out or show the date of 确定···年代；表明···年代：I can＇t date that house exactly，but it must be very old.我说不出那所房子的准确年代，但必定是很古老的了.The unusualshape of this pot dates it at about AD 400．我们凭这个罐子的特殊形状推测它大约制于公元四百年．2［T1］to write the date on 写出日期；标明日期：Please date your letters to me from now on．以后请在你给我的信上标明日期．3［T1；IØ］to（cause to） seem no longer in fashion（使）过时： This type of music is beginning to date.这种音乐已渐渐过时了.Her clothes date her，I＇m afraid.她穿了这衣服，看起来恐怕颇不合时尚了.

L212 nouns 名词：antiques and

antiquities 古物与古迹

antique /æn'ti:k/[C]1 a piece of furniture, jew-ellery,etc, that is old and therefore rare and valuable（家具、珠宝等）古玩；古董；古物2awork of art or some other thing from the ancient world， esp of Rome or Greece（尤指古希腊或古罗马的）古代文物；古代艺术品

antiquity /æn'tıkwəti/ [C often pl] a building, work of art, etc, remaining from ancient times 古迹；（古代建筑物和古代艺术品的）遗迹：We havevisited several of the antiquities of Italy.我们参观了意大利的几处古迹.

original /ə'rıd3ənəl/ 1 [C] (usu of paintings) that from which copies can be made 原画；原作：These paintings are copies； those are the originals．这些画是复制品；那些画才是原作．2[the R] the language in which something was originally written 原文（esp in the phr in the original 根据原作）：They are studying English in order to read Shakespeare in the original. 他们学英文是为了能阅读莎士比亚原作．3［C］infml,sometimes humor or derog a person whose behaviour， clothing， etc，are unusual 举止古怪的人；服饰古怪的人；怪人

L222 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

Periods o time and their

measurement

时间段落与其计量

L220 nouns 名词：day and night ［C；U］白天与夜晚

day／dei／ a period of light 白天；白昼：I can see by day，but not by night.我白天看得见东西，夜晚则看不见．［ALSO→L226］

night /nait/1 a period of dark, when the sun cannot be seen 夜晚；夜间：The moon shines at night.月亮在夜晚放光芒.Two nights ago I feltvery ill.两晚前我病得很重.People get higher pay for night work／work done at night.干夜班工资较高.Night began to fall started to get dark）.夜幕渐垂.The enemy often attack bylat night．敌人经常在夜间偷袭．2［C9，esp of］(fig) a period of experience without hope, knowledge，etc 黑暗时期；蒙昧时期：He went on through the night of doubt and sorrow.他继而经历了疑惑和悲伤的时期．［ALSOL224］

L221 nouns 名词： the beginning of the day黎明

dawn/do:n/1 [C;U] the time of day when light first appears; the first appearance of light in the sky before the sun rises 黎明；拂晓：They take the boat out every day at dawn.他们每天黎明时出航.The dawns here in the mountains are beautiful．这里山区的黎明很美丽．2［the R(of)] (fig) the beginning or first appearance （of something not material） 开端；曙光：the dawn of civilization／of history 文明／历史的开端dawn is breaking light is beginning to appear 天破晓了 at（the） break ofdawn／day when light is just beginning to appear 拂晓时分 at the crack of dawn at the very first light of day；very early in the morning 天刚亮时：We got up at the crack of dawn and went hunt-ing.天刚亮我们即起床去打猎.

sunrise ／＇san，rarz／ also 又作 infml sun-up／＇san-,Ap/[U;C] the time when the sun is seen to appear 日出（时分）；拂晓

first light ［U］ esp poet dawn 曙光；晨曦；黎明；侵晓：We＇ll move at first light.我们将在黎明出发.

break of day ［（the） U］ also 又作 daybreak ／＇der，breik／［U］often poet dawn 黎明；拂晓；侵晨

L222 nouns 名词：morning 上午

morning/'mo:nm/1[C;(U)] the first part of the day, from the time when the sun rises, usually until the time when the midday meal is eaten 上午；早上；早晨：What time did you wake up this moming？ 今天早晨你什么时候醒

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L223 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

的？It was a beautiful morning， but it rained in the afternoon.上午天气十分好，可是下午就下雨了.He doesn＇t like to get up early in the morning. 他不喜欢早起. What are you doing tomorrow morning？ 明天上午你打算做什么？One morning during our holiday,we visited an ancient castle.假期的一天上午，我们参观了一座古堡.The doctor had a busy morning＇s work.医生忙了一上午.She goes shopping on Tuesday and Friday mornings.她每逢星期二和星期五上午上街买东西.I must go to the shopssome time during the morning.我上午必须抽空去买东西.I don＇t want to telephone him so late at night；can＇t it wait until morning？ 我不想这么晚给他打电话；这事不能等到早上再办吗？Thepeople next door play their radio from morn-ing till night．邻居的收音机从早开到晚．2［A］of，in， or taking place in this part of the day 上午的；早上的；早晨的：a morning concert 上午举行的音乐会；the morning newspapers 晨报；上午出版的报纸3［C；（U）］ the part of the day from midnight until midday 从子夜到正午这一段时间；后半夜和上午：He didn＇t get home until two o＇clock in the morning.他直到凌晨两点才回家.4 [S (of)] lit, often apprec the early part (of anything）早期；前期；初期：She＇s only twelve， still in the morning of her life.她年方十二，尚在豆蔻年华.

forenoon/'fo:,nu:n/ [the U] the time before midday；morning 午前；上午：He went there in the forenoon.他上午到那里去了.

noon/nu:n/ [U] the middle of the day; twelve o＇clock in the daytime 中午；正午；晌午：Sheleft home at noon. 她中午离家走了.Noon is theearliest time I can come.我最早要到中午才能来.midday／＇mid，der／［U］ noon 中午；正午；晌午：He finishes work at midday on Saturdays.他星期六中午就下班.＇Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun＇-（Noel Coward）.“疯狗和英国人才会冒着正午的太阳到外面去”-（诺埃尔·考沃德）.

afternoon /,a:ftə'nu:n/ 1 [C; U] the period be-tween midday and sunset 下午；午后：I shall sleep in the afternoon.午后我将睡一觉.I shall have an afternoon sleep．我要睡个午觉．2［S (of)] lit a rather late period (as of time or life）（时间和生命的）后期；后半期：She spent theafternoon of her life in the South of France. 她的后半生是在法国南部度过的.

L223 nouns 名词：evening 晚上

evening/'i:vni/ [C; U] the end of the day and early part of the night, between the end of the day＇s work and time for bed 傍晚；黄昏；晚上（从日落至就寝）：It was a warm evening.那是个温暖的傍晚.By the time he gets home there won＇t be much evening left.他回到家时，已接近夜深了.What are you doing this／tomorrow evening？ 今天／明天晚上你打算做什么？Wherewere you yesterday evening/(AmE)last even-ing？昨晚你在哪里？She works in the even-

ing（s）.（AmE also 又作）She works evenigs. 她晚上工作.He goes out on Sunday evening（s）. 他每逢星期天晚上出去.She bought an eveningnewspaper.她买了份晚报.

eve/i:v/1 [R9 usu cap] the night or the whole day before a religious feast or holiday（节日的）前夕；前夜；前一日（esp in the phrsChristmas Eve 圣诞节前夕；平安夜，New Year＇s Eve 除夕）：They went to a party on New Year＇s Eve．除夕他们去参加晚会．2［S（of）］the timejust before an important event（重大事件发生的）前夕；前夜：He fell ill on the eve of the examination.他在考试前夕病倒了.

sunset/'san,set/1 [U] the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins 日落（时分）； 日暮（时分）；傍晚：They stopped at sunset.日落时他们停了下来．2［C］how the sun looks at thattime 落日的景色；夕照：What a beautiful sunset！ 多么绚丽的落日余晖！

sundown ／＇san，daun／［U］ sunset 太阳落山（时分）：They left at sundown.他们在太阳落山时离开.

twilight/'twar,lart/[U] the time between light and dark， day and night（日出或日落时）晦明之际；黎明；黄昏：She often sits in the gardenat twilight.她经常在暮色苍茫时坐在花园里.

dusk /dask/[U] the time when daylight is fading; the darker part of twilight, esp at night 薄暮；黄昏：The lights go on at dusk.黄昏时电灯亮起.

L224 nouns 名词：times of the night 夜间

night /nait/1 [C] any of various parts of the dark period when the sun cannot be seen 夜晚；夜间；晚上：This evening is my night off （＝ when I don＇t work）.今晚我不用上班.She slept well all night.她一觉睡到天亮.Where were you on the night of the 17th May？五月十七日夜里你在哪儿？2［C］ an evening， considered as an occasion（有活动的）夜晚：We saw the show on its first night (= at its first performance, in the evening）.我们看了首晚演出.Saturday is our cinema night(=We go to the cinema on Saturday evenings）.每逢星期六晚上我们都去看电影.Tonight＇s our night out （＝ We go out tonight）.今晚我们出去.

hours of darkness ［（the） P］ poet night 夜晚

midnight／＇mid，nart／［U］ 12 o＇clock at night 晚上十二点钟；子夜；午夜；半夜：He never goes to bedbefore midnight.他从未在半夜十二点钟以前上床睡觉.The clock struck midnight.钟敲十二下，已是午夜了.The doctor received a midnight call. 医生接到半夜出诊的电话.

middle of the night [the R] the time between midnight and about three a.m.深夜（十二点至三点左右）；半夜：The doctor was called out in the middle of the night.医生深夜被人请去出诊.

small hours [the P] esp poet the hours soon after midnight （one，two，three o＇clock）深夜（一点至三点钟）

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L225 nouns ＆ adverbs 名词和副词：

yesterday，today， and tomorrow 昨天、今天与明天

yesterday/'jestədi/1 [U] the day before this one 昨天；昨日2［C］（fig ＆ poet） time that is not long past 最近；近来 3 ［adv］ on the day before this one 在昨天；在昨日4［adv］ only a short time ago 刚才；不久前：I wasn＇t born yesterday not a fool）.我不是昨天才出生的（＝我不是傻瓜）.

today／tə＇dei／1［U］ this present day 今天；今日： Have you seen today＇s newspaper yet？你看见今天的报纸吗？Today＇s my birthday！今天是我的生日！2［U］（fig）this present time， period，etc 当今；此刻；当代：Young people of today have no manners．如今的青年人不讲礼貌．3［adv］during or on the present day 在今天；在今日： Are we going shopping today？我们今天去买东西吗？4［adv］（fig） during or at the present time 现在；目前；眼下：We sell more cars abroad today than we＇ve ever done before.我们向国外销售汽车从未像现在这么多.

this morning ［R］ the morning of today 今天上午；今日早晨：Is he coming this morning？他今天上午来吗？

tomorrow/tə'mprəu/1 [U] the day following today 明天；明日；翌日：Tomorrow will be my birthday！明天是我的生日！2［S；U］（fig）the future 将来；未来；来日：The world of tomorrow will be very different from the present time.明日世界与今日将大不相同．3 ［adv］ during or onthe day following today 在明天；在明日：We＇ve got some guests coming tomorrow so I'll have to tidy the house today.明天我们有客人来，所以今天我得把屋子整理一下.It rained yesterdayand today so perhaps it will be sunny to-morrow.昨天和今天都下雨，可能明天会出太阳了.

in the morning tomorrow morning, esp when said in the evening（尤在晚上说）明天上午：Ihaven't got what you want now, but I can get it for you in the morning.现在我没有你想要的东西，但明天上午我可以给你拿来.

day before yesterday ［the R］ two days ago 前天：I was there the day before yesterday.前天我在那里.

day after tomorrow [the R] two days after today 后天：I＇ll be there the day after to-morrow.后天我将在那里.

tonight／tə＇nait／1［U］ the night of today 今晚；今夜：Tonight is a very special occasion.今晚是个很特殊的晚上.Listen to tonight＇s news on the radio.听一听今晚电台的新闻.I＇m lookingforward to tonight！我正盼望着今晚的来临！2［adv］ on or during the night of today 在今晚； 在今夜：I＇ve been really tired today so I think I＇ll go to bed early tonight.我今天真累，今晚想早些睡.He＇s coming at nine o＇clock tonight.他今晚九点来.Tonight we went to an Italian restaurant.今晚我们去了一家意大利餐馆.

last night ［R］ the night of yesterday 昨晚；昨夜： She came last night and left this morning.她昨晚来，今早离去.

L226 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

night before last [the R] two evenings or nights before today 前天晚上；前天夜里

this evening ［R］ the evening of today 今晚：I＇ll go there this evening.我今晚到那里去.

yesterday evening [R] the evening of yester-day 昨晚；昨夜：Yesteday evening we went to an Italian restaurant.昨晚我们去了一家意大利餐馆.

tomorrow evening [R] the evening of tomor-row 明晚；明天晚上：She is coming here tomor-row evening at eight.明晚八点她到这里来.

L226 nouns 名词：measuring time 时间计量

second /'sekənd/ 1 [C] one of the sixty parts into which a minute is divided 秒： You have twenty seconds in which to do the work.你有二十秒钟可用来做这件事．2［S］infml a veryshort space of time 片刻；瞬时：I＇ll be ready in just a second.再过一会儿我就准备好了.

minute /'minit/1 [C] one of the sixty parts into which an hour is divided 分：There are sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes in an hour.一分钟有六十秒，一小时有六十分钟.Thetrain arrived at exactly four minutes past eight.火车在八点零四分准时到达.It＇s only a fewminutes' walk from here to the station(=walk taking a very short time）.从这里走路到火车站只需几分钟．2［S］ infml a short space of time 片刻；瞬间：I＇ll be ready in a minute （＝ very soon）.我再过一会儿就准备好了.Are you readyyet?-No, but I won't be a minute (= I'll be ready very soon）.你准备好了吗？-还没有，但是一会儿就好了.the minute（that） as soon as 一．··（就）：Although we hadn＇t met for 25 years, I recognized him the minute (that)I saw him.虽然我们已有二十五年没有见面，但我一见到他就认出来了.

hour /auə/ [C] 1 the period of time, sixty minutes， of which twenty-four make a day 小时；钟头2 ［often pl］a fixed point or period of time 固定的时间：The hour has come for us to have a serious talk.现在是时候了，我们该进行一次严肃的谈话.My（working） hours have been changed．我的（工作）时间已经更改了．3［usu pl］a certain period of time 一段时间：The hours I spent with you were the happiest of my life.与你相处的时光是我一生中最快乐的．4［the R］ atime of day when a new hour starts 准···点钟； 整点：The clock struck the hour.时钟在整点时敲响．He arrived on the hour．他整点时到达．5（fig） an important time 重要时刻：In my hour of need (= when I needed help) no one helped me.在我急需帮助时，没有人帮助我.Nothing can be done at this hour of the talks. 谈判到这一地步，还不可能有什么结果.His hourhas come (= something important, or death). 他的（重要／死亡）时刻到了．6 a distance whichone can travel in an hour 一小时所行路程：It＇sonly an hour away.那只是一小时的路程.afterhours later than the usual times of work or

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L226 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

business 工作或营业时间之后；下班后 out ofhours before or after the usual times 工作或营业时间以外；非办公时间；非营业时间 at all hours(at any time) during the whole of a period of time 在任何时间；随时：The shop is open at allhours.这家商店昼夜营业.They come home atall hours. 他们随时回家.zero hour the time when something happens after a certain pe-riod of waiting has passed 行动开始的时刻

half hour [the R] the point in time thirty min-utes past an hour 半点钟：The clock struck （on） the half hour.钟在半点钟时敲一次.

half an hour ［S］ thirty minutes 半小时；三十分钟： I'll come in half an hourlin half an hour's time.我半小时后来.

quarter of an hour［S］ fifteen minutes 一刻钟； 十五分钟：I＇ll be there in about a quarter of an hour.我大约一刻钟后去那里.

quarter/'kwo:tə/[C; the R] fifteen minutes before or after the hour 整点前或后一刻钟（十五分或四十五分）：The buses come on the quar-ter.公共汽车每小时十五分和四十五分时来一趟.It＇s（a）quarter past ten.现在十点一刻.

three quarters of an hour [S] forty-five min-utes 三刻钟；四十五分钟：Give me about threequarters of an hour to get there.给我大约三刻钟时间，就可以到那里了.

day／dei／1［C］a period of 24 hours（一）天；（一） 日：There are seven days in a week.一星期有七天．2［C often cap］ a special date 节日；重要日子：Christmas Day was a Wednesday this year. 今年圣诞节是星期三．3［the R；C9］a period oftime 日子；一段时间：In my day things were different.在我那个时代，情况可不一样.He＇s theman of the day．他是时下的风云人物．4［C］aperiod of work（工作）日：She works an eight-hour day and a five-day week.她一周工作五天， 每天八小时.She＇s paid by the day.她按日计酬.5［C9］ a period of success or fame 全盛时期；得意的时候（esp in the phr to have （had） one＇s day（曾）走运；（曾）飞黄腾达）：He was a verygood actor, but I'm afraid he's had his day now.他原是个很出色的演员，但我想他的鼎盛时期恐怕已过去了．6［the R］a（period of） struggle or competition 战斗（期）；竞赛（期）：We＇ve won／lost the day．我们赢／输了．7［S］a point of time；occasion 时刻；场合：We must get together again some day. 改天我们应该再聚一聚.Wehave lost a hundred times, but one day we shall win！我们已输了上百次，但总有一天我们会赢的！the other day in the recent past 前几天；不久前；日前：I saw your friend Smith-Fortescue the other day.前几天我看见你的朋友史密斯一福德斯鸠.day and night all the time 日日夜夜；夜以继日：He works day and night.他日夜不停地工作.day after day／day in， day out continu-ously 日复一日地；每天不间断地：He works dayin， day out.他日复一日地工作.this day week／today week/a week today BrE a week from today 下星期的今天；一周后的今天 from day today／day by day each day；as time goes on 一天一天地；逐日地 from one day to the next twodays one after the other 从一天到另一天；接连两天：I never know her plans from one day to

the next.我从来不知道她当天及第二天计划做些什么.to the day exactly（in time）一天也不差；正好：We left Spain one year ago to the day （＝ on this exact date last year）.我们在去年的今天离开西班牙.call it a day infml to finish work-ing for the day； decide to stop work 收工；结束一天的工作（esp in the phr Let＇s call it a day 今天到此为止，下班吧）It＇s all in a day＇s workit＇s all part of one＇s job 那都是每日该做的事tothis day until now 至今： I haven＇t told him the whole story to this day！至今我还没有把全部经过告诉他哩！

week /wi:k/[C] a period of seven days (and nights） esp from Sunday to Saturday 星期；周： He goes there twice a week.他一周去那里两次.It＇s three weeks till Christmas.离开圣诞节还有三个星期.Take a week＇s holiday.放一星期假吧.Monday week also 又作 a week on Monday a week after Monday，on the next Monday 星期一起的一周之后；下星期一a week last Monday／next/this Monday/on Monday a week before or after 上周一／下周一／本周一的一周之前或之后：It happened a week last Monday.这事发生在上上星期一.How long ago did it happen？ It will be a week on Thursday.这是多久以前发生的事？到星期四已是一周了.He＇s arriving two weeksnext Saturday.他在距下星期六两周之后到达.week in, week out without change or rest-星期又一星期地；接连地；不休息地；无变化地(working) week the period of time over which one works as in a factory or office 每周工作日（指一周内除假日外的工作日）：He works aforty-hour week.他一周工作四十小时.The five-day week is usual in most firms.大多数公司通常都采用一星期工作五天的制度.

fortnight/'fo:tnait/ [C] esp BrE a period of two weeks or 14 days 两星期；十四天：He comes hereonce a fortnight/once every fortnight/once in every fortnight.他每两星期来一次.She has gone on a fortnight＇s holiday.她去度假两星期.

month／manθ／［C］1 also 又作 calendar month one of the twelve named divisions in the year 月；月份：August is often the hottest month of the year in England.八月常常是英格兰一年中最热的月份.February is a short month； in most years it has 28 days．二月是最短月份，通常只有二十八天．2 a period of about four weeks，esp from a particular date to the same date about four weeks later 大约一个月的时间：The babywas born on 23 September, so he'll be exactly six months old tomorrow（23 March）．这婴儿9 月23日出生，所以到明天（3月23日）他就足足六个月大了.He has a month＇s holiday each year， which he usually takes in July.每年他都有一个月休假，他通常在七月度假.

quarter/'kwo:tə/ [C] three months of the year, esp for making payments 三个月；季度（尤指缴付费用的时期）：I pay my rent by the quarter.我按季付房租.He goes there once in every quarter. 他每个季度去那里一次.

year /jiə/ [C] 1 a measure of time equal to about 365.25 days, which is the amount of time it takes for the earth to travel completely round the sun 回归年（指地球绕太阳运行一周所

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需时间，大约365.25天）；太阳年2 also 又作calendar year a period of 365 or 366 days divided into 12 months beginning on January 1st and ending on December 31st（历法的）年（由1月1日至12月31日）3 a period of 365 daysmeasured from any point 一年的时间：I arrived here two years ago today.两年前的今日，我来了这里．4 a period of a year or about a year in which something particular happens 年度：The school year is broken up with many holidays. 每一学年会被许多假日所打断.year in，year outhappening regularly each year 年复一年；每年如此

decade／＇dekeid／［C］a period of ten years 十年； 十年期：Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.在过去十年里，物价一直不断上涨.

century/'sentfəri/ [C]1 a period of a hundred years 一百年：Many centuries have passed since that time.自此之后已经过去了好多个世纪的时间．2 one of the hundred year periods counted forwards or backwards from the supposed year of Christ＇s birth 世纪：We live in the 20th century．我们生活在二十世纪．

millennium /mə'lenıəm/ 1 [C] a period of a thousand years 一千年 2 ［the R usu cap］ a future age in which all people will be happy, contented， and live in good conditions 未来的太平盛世

L227 nouns，etc 名词等：clocks，etc时钟等

[ALSO→H118]

hourglass sundial

沙漏 日规；日晷仪

clock/klpk/[C] an instrument for measuring time 时钟：There was a big clock at the top of the building.大楼顶上有座大钟.Is that clock right？-It＇s five minutes fast／slow.那钟准吗？-快／慢了五分钟.

o'clock /ə'klpk/ [adv] (used with the numbers from one to twelve in telling time) exactly （the hour stated） according to the clock···点钟（和数字1-12连用，指整点）：What time is it？几点钟了？I＇s nine o＇clock.九点钟了.

USAGE［用法说明］In modern English，o＇clock is used only in mentioning the exact hour, not the hour and a particular number of minutes 在现代英语里，o＇clock 只用来表示整点，不用来表

L228 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

示几点几分，例如：nine o＇clock 九时整；but 而five past nine 九点零五分，half past nine，etc九点半等等

sundial /'sAn,darəl/ [C] an apparatus used esp in former times which shows the time accord-ing to where the shadow of the pointer falls when the sun shines on it 日规；日晷仪

hourglass /'avə,gla:s/ [C] a glass container made narrow in the middle so that the sand inside can run slowly from the top half to the bottom，taking one hour 沙漏；更漏（所盛之沙由顶部完全流往底部需一小时）

metronome /'metrə,nəum/ [C] an instrument with a moving arm that can be fixed to move from side to side a particular number of times per minute, and so give the speed at which a piece of music should be played 节拍器

L228 nouns，etc 名词等：parts of the clock，etc 时钟零件等

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钟表机构

tick／trk／1 ［the S（of）］ the sound of a clock（钟的）嘀嗒声：It was quiet；all I could hear was the tick of the clock.四周静悄悄的；我只听到钟的嘀嗒声.2 [IØ](of clocks) to make this noise （钟）发出嘀嗒声：The clock stopped tick-ing／began to tick again.那钟嘀嗒声停了／又开始发出嘀嗒声了.

tick-tock/'tik,tpk/1 [S (of)] the sound made esp by a large clock（尤指大钟的）嘀嗒声2［IØ］（of clocks） to make this sound（钟）发出嘀嗒声stroke/strəuk/[C] the sound made by a clock on the hour 钟在整点时的敲击声：After twelvestrokes the sound died away.钟敲十二下以后， 声音就渐渐消逝了.He arrived on the stroke oftwelve（＝ exactly at twelve）.他在钟敲十二点钟时到达.

chime /tfaim/1 [C usu pl] the sound made by a

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L229 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

L230 nouns 名词：times on the clock 钟表时间读法

the 12-hour clock the 24-hour clock

1a．m．凌晨一点 二十四小时制

十二小时制 0100 (hrs)

(oh one hundred

3a．m．凌晨三点 hours）一点

5：30 a．m．清晨五点 0300 hours 三点

三十分 0530 hrs 五点三十分

7：15 a．m．上午七点 0715 hrs七点十五分

十五分 1000 hrs

10 a．m．上午十点 (ten hundred hours)

11：05 a．m．上午十一 十点

点零五分 1105 hrs

(eleven oh five hours)

12 noon 正午十二 十一点零五分

点 1200 hrs

(twelve hundred

1p．m．下午一点 hours）十二点

1300 hrs

(thirteen hundred

4p．m．下午四点 hours）十三点

strap 8p．m．晚上八点 1600 hrs 十六点

2000 hrs

·(twenty hundred

10 p．m．晚上十点 hours）二十点

winder 11：45 p．m．晚上十一 2200 hrs二十二点

上发条 点四十五分 2345 hrs二十三点四十

的表把 12 p．m．／midnight 午 五分

2400 hrs二十四点

夜十二点

L231 nouns 名词：parts of a week［C］星期的组成部分

weekday /'wi:k,dei/ 1 a day of the week, including Friday， not the weekend 星期一至星期五的任何一天；平日（不包括星期六和星期天）；非周末的日子：In Harlow there is one train time-table for weekdays,another for Saturdays, and another for Sundays.在哈洛，星期一至星期五有一张火车时刻表，星期六另有一张，星期日又另有一张．2 a day of the week， but not Sunday 星期一至星期六的任何一天；平日（不包括星期天）：In Leeds there is one train timetable for week-days and another for Sundays.在里兹，平日有一张火车时刻表，星期天另有一张.

grandfather clock

有钟摆的大座钟

weekend/'wi:k'end/ 1 Saturday and Sunday, esp when counted as a holiday 周末（星期六和星期天）；周末假期2this period of time with the addition of Friday evening from the time of stopping work 周末（星期五晚上、星期六和星期天）；周末假期

set of bells（一套钟的）和谐的钟声：Listen to thechimes of the church bells．听听教堂的钟声．2 ［C］ a musical sound like this（钟和铃等发出的） 谐和的乐声：The chime of the clock woke him up．时钟的鸣时声把他唤醒．3［C usu pl］ a set ofbells, each having a different note, rung to produce a musical tune 一套钟／铃；一套编钟4[C]a musical instrument which makes a bell-like sound when struck 能发出类似钟／铃声的打击乐器5［IØ］（of clocks， bells，etc） to produce this sound（时钟和钟／铃等）发出和谐的声音

pendulum /'pendjuləm/ [C] 1 a weight hanging from a fixed point so as to swing freely 摆；摆锤2 a rod with a weight at the bottom，used to control the working of a clock（见L229插图） 钟摆（the）swing of the pendulum the change of public opinion from one idea to the opposite 舆论之转变；人心之向背

L229 nouns 名词：kinds of clock［C］钟表种类

wristwatch

手表

alarm (clock) /ə'la:m (klpk)/ a clock that can be set to make a noise at any particular time to wake up sleepers 闹钟：What time shall I set the alarm（clock）for？我该把闹钟的时间定在几点？

grandfather clock a tall clock with a long wooden case and the face at the top 有钟摆的大座钟；落地大自鸣钟

watch /wotf/ a small clock that is worn on the wrist (a wristwatch) or carried in a pocket (a pocket watch）表；手表；腕表；挂表；怀表；袋表：My watch is slow／fast／correct.我的表慢／快／准确.

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L232 nouns 名词：days of the week 一周的七天

Monday Tues 星期一

Tuesday Mon 星期二

Wednesday Thu 星期三

Thursday Wed 星期四

Friday Fri 星期五

Saturday Sat 星期六

Sunday Sun 星期日

233 nouns 名词：calendars and dates 日历与日期

calendar /'kæləndə/ [C] 1 a system of dividing the year into parts，etc 历法：The Christian and Muslim calendars are very different.西历和回历大不相同.A calendar month may have31, 30, or in the case of February 28 days, and 29 in a leap year．一个月可以有31天、30天，或在2月份有28天，在闰年2月份有29天．A lunarmonth (= the time it takes for the moon to circle the earth） always has 29.5 days．一个太阴月（＝月亮绕地球一周的时间）总是29.5天．2akind of sheet or book, often with pictures, which gives a list of the days and months of a particular year 历书；月历；年历；日历：She bought a calendar for 1997/a 1997 calendar. 她买了1997年年历．Julian calendar ［the R］ the calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and used esp in Europe until the Gregorian calendar began to be used instead 儒略历（儒略·凯撒在公元前 46 年制订的历法）Gregorian calendar [the R] the calendar generally used since 1582,when Pope Gregory XIII introduced it 格列历（教皇格列高利十三世下令于1582年起采用的历法）

date/deit/1 [C] time shown by one or moreof the following: the number of the day, the month, and the year (but not usu by month alone）日期；年月日2［C］ a written or printed date（手写或印刷标明的）日期：This book hasno date on it.这本书上面没有标明日期.Thedate on the coin is 1921．这枚硬币上标明的年代是1921年．3［U］a period of time in history历史时期（esp in the phr of early／late date 早／后期的）：This Greek dish is of very early date.这个希腊碟子年代相当久远.

AD/'er'di:/[Latin Anno Domini 'the year of the Lord'](the letters which mark the years of the Christian calendar）（拉丁文 Anno Domini 的简写，意为基督之年）公元：1993 is actually 1993AD．1993年就是公元1993年．

BC /'bi:'si:/['before Christ'] (the letters which mark the years before the supposed birth of Christ）（“before Christ＇的简写，意为基督诞生之前）公元前：The city of Rome was founded（＝ begun） in the year 753 BC．罗马城建立于公元前753年．

L235 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

AH/'er'erty ['after the Hegira' (= Mohammed's going from Mecca to Median)] (the letters which mark the years of the Muslim or Islamic calendar）（＇after the Hegira＇的简写，意为公元622年穆罕默德从麦加到麦地那以后）伊斯兰教纪元；回（回）历纪元

leap year /'li:p jiə/ [C;U] (esp in the Gregorian calendar) every fourth year, containing one extra day (February 29th) to make 366 days, to bring the calendar into Íine with the true movement of the earth round the sun (=365+ days per year and not 365 exactly）（尤指格列历的）闰年

diary /'daiəri/ [C] 1 a daily record of esp the experiences, feelings, ideas, etc, of its writer 日记2 a book for keeping such a record 日记本；日记簿：He wrote up the day＇s events in his diary．他将那一天的事记在日记簿里．3 anyrecord like this 日志；日记体文章：He writes a daily article in the local paper called 'One Man＇s Diary＇.他每天为当地报纸写一篇文章，他的专栏名为《一个人的日记》．4 also 又作 appoint-ments book a book arranged in calendar order with dates on its pages, in which ap-pointments to meet people and other notes are kept 记事日志；工作日志：Put these appoint-ments and other times in the office diary, please.请把这些约会和其它安排的时间记在记事日志里.diarist ［C］ an esp famous writer of dia-ries（尤指著名的）日记作者：Samuel Pepys wasa seventeenth-century English diarist.塞缪尔· 佩皮斯是十七世纪英国的日记作家.

L234 nouns 名词：months of the year ［R］ 一年的十二个月

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| January Jan 一月February Feb 二月March Mar 三月April Apr 四月May May 五月June Jun 六月 | July Jul 七月August Aug 八月September Sep/October Oct 十月Sept 九月November Nov 十一月December Dec 十二月 |

L235 adjectives ＆ adverbs 形容词和副词：daily，etc［Wa5］每天的等

daily /'deili/ [B; adv] (happening,appearing, etc) once a day, or every day, or every day except Sunday and perhaps Saturday 每日的； （或除去星期天、或许也除去星期六之外）每天的；每日：He goes there twice daily.他每天去那里两次.The local daily newspaper is called The Daily News.本地日报叫做《每日新闻》.He gets paiddaily.他按日计酬.He gets a daily wage.他挣的是日薪.

-ly/-li/[suffix] (added to words like day, week, etc to form an adjective or adverb) once every （加于day，week等词后以组成形容词或副词）每···

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L236 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

一：He makes monthly trips to London.他每月去一次伦敦.He goes to London monthly.他每月去一次伦敦.It＇s a weekly newspaper.这是周报.She comes here fortnightly.她每两周来这里一次.

L236 combining form 复合形式：mid-中间的

mid-/mid-/(with numbers, times, etc) middle; in the middle of（数目或次数）中间的；当中的：She's in her mid-twenties (= is about 25 years old）.她二十五岁左右.He starts his summer holiday in mid-July.他七月中开始放暑假.It wasa cold midwinter night.那是个寒冷的仲冬之夜.

L237 verbs 动词：rising and setting ［lø］ 升起与落下

rise /raiz/1 (of the sun, moon,or stars) to come up；appear above the horizon（日、月、星辰）升起：The sun rises in the east． 日出东方．2 to go up；get higher 上升；上涨；增高；升高；兴起：Theriver is rising after the rain. 雨后河水上涨. Smoke rose from the factory chimneys.烟从工厂的烟囱升起.Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement.她激动得嗓门越提越高.Newfactories have risen on the edge of the town. 在城镇的边缘盖起了新工厂．3 fml to get out ofbed； get up 起床：She rises before it is light.她天未亮就起床.

set /set/ (of the sun, moon, or stars) to go down；go below the horizon（日、月、星辰）落下：The sun sets in the west.日落西山.

L238 nouns，etc 名词等：the seasons 季节

season /'si:zən/ [C; R] a period of time each year，as 季节，如 a spring， summer， autumn，or winter, marked by different weather and hours of daylight（按春、夏、秋、冬划分的）季节b marked by weather（依天气划分的）季节：thecold season 寒冷季节 C of（greater） activity of some kind（重大活动的）季节：the slow business season after Christmas 圣诞节后的商业淡季；theLondon social season 伦敦社交季节 d for some farming job 农时：the planting season 栽种时节e of some animal activity（动物活动的）季节： the breeding season 繁殖季节f when a sport is played（体育活动的）季节：The football season begins next week.足球季节下周开始.g for hunt-ing，fishing，etc（狩猎、捕鱼等的）季节：During the season he goes shooting each week.在狩猎季节，他每星期都去打猎.h around a holiday，espChristmas（尤指圣诞节等节日前后）时节；期间：Christmastime is called the season of good cheer.圣诞节期间被称作欢乐时节.for a seasonlit for a while； for a short time 一会儿 in

season 1 (of fresh foods) at the time of usual fitness for eating（新鲜食品）应时：Fruit is cheapest in season．应时水果最便宜．2（esp of holiday business) at the busiest time of year （旅游业等）正值旺季：Hotels cost more in sea-son．旅馆在旺季收费高．3（of animals） permit-ted to be hunted at that time（动物）狩猎期

spring /sprn/ [U; C; (the) R] the season be-tween winter and summer when things begin to grow again 春季；春天：I like the trees in spring.我喜欢春天里的树木.She wore a newspring dress.她穿着一件簇新的春装.

summer/'samə/1 [U; C; (the) R] the season between spring and autumn when the sun is hot and there are many flowers 夏季；夏天：in high summer （＝the warmest time）在盛夏；a summer holiday 暑假；last summer 去年夏天； summer dresses 夏装2［C］esp old use ＆ lit a year of one＇s age 岁数；年纪：He looked younger than his seventy summers.看不出他已年届古稀.3 [the R](fig) the best time (of a person's life，for a certain activity，etc）壮年；鼎盛期；兴旺时期：That was the high summer of English literature.当时是英国文学的全盛时期.

autumn／＇o：təm／， AmE also 又作 fall／fo：l／［U； C;(the) R] the season between summer and winter when leaves turn gold and fruits become ripe 秋季；秋天：（fig）He has reached the autumn of his life.他已届中年.

winter/'wintə/ [U; C; (the) R] the season be-tween autumn and spring when it is cold and most trees have lost their leaves 冬季；冬天：I go on holiday in winter.每到冬天我就去度假.She＇ll be home by winter.她冬天就回到家了.One winter we went to Switzerland.有一年冬天我们到瑞士去了.It was a very cold winter.那是个非常寒冷的冬天.Last winter we had a lot ofsnow.去年冬天我们这里下过很多雪.The last fewwinters have been very cold.前几个冬天都很冷. He was wearing his winter clothes.他身穿冬装. -time/-taim/[comb form] the time of the stated

season（春、夏、秋、冬）时节：In summertime we don't wear as many clothes as in winter-time.夏天里我们穿的衣服比冬天少.

L239 adjectives 形容词：the seasons ［B］ 季节

seasonal /'si:zənəl/ depending on the seasons, esp happening or active at a particular season 季节的；季节性的：He gets seasonal employment at a holiday camp.他在一个度假营地找到一份季节性工作.Selling heavy wool clothes is a sea-sonal business.卖厚羊毛衫是一种季节性的生意.[Ape]■-

springlike／＇sprij，laik／ like spring 春天似的；春天般的：What lovely springlike weather for February！二月里竟有这么可爱的明媚春光！

vernal /'v3:nəl/ fml & lit of, like, or appearing in the spring season 春天的；春天似的；在春季出现的：the vernal woods 春天的树林

summery／＇saməri／ of，or like summer 夏天的；

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夏天似的：It＇s quite summery today，although it＇s only April．虽然才4月，今天却很像夏天．

autumnal /o:'tamnəl/ often fml of, like, or in autumn 秋天的；秋天似的：the autumnal colours of the leaves 树叶上的斑斓秋色

wintry ／＇wintri／also 又作 wintery／＇wintəri／ ［Wa1］ like winter， esp cold or snowy 像冬天的； 冬天似的（尤指寒冷或多雪的）：wintry clouds冬日的寒云；a wintry scene 冬日景色

L240 nouns 名词：special terms 专门名词

zenith /'zeniθ/1 [the R] the point in the sky directly above a person on earth 天顶2［C usu sing] the highest point, as of hope or fortune （希望、幸运等的）最高点；顶点；巅峰：Our spiritsrose to their zenith after the victory.胜利后我们的欢乐达到了顶点.

nadir /'neidıə/ 1 [the R] the point directly op-posite the zenith 天底2［C usu sing］ the lowest point，as of hope or fortune（希望、幸运等的）最低点：After he lost the election， his spirits sank to their nadir.竞选失败后，他的情绪消沉到极点.

equinox /'i:kwənpks/ [(the) C] one of the two times in the year (about March 21 and September 22) when all places in the world have day and night of equal length 昼夜平分时； 二分点；春分（大约3月21日）；秋分（大约9月22日）：the vernal and autumnal equinoxes 春分和秋分

solstice /'splstis/ [(the) C] either of the two times each year when the sun is farthest from the equator [→L10]; the longest and the shortest days of the year 至；至日；至点：The summer solstice is on June 22 and the winter solstice on December 22．夏至在6月22日，冬至在12月22日．

phase /feiz/ [C] one of a fixed number of changes in the appearance of the moon or a body (planet) moving round the sun as seen from the earth at different times during their movement through space（月亮等的）相；变象； 盈亏

L241 adjectives 形容词：new and old

［Wa5；A］新月的与残月的

new／nju：／（of the moon） in its first phase 新月的：It＇s a new moon tonight.今夜一弯新月.old／əuld／（of the moon） in its last phase 残月的

L242 adjectives 形容词：relating to time ［Wa5；B］与时间有关的

diurnal /dar'3:nəl/1 fml or tech of,related to, happening in, or active in the daytime rather than the nighttime 白昼的；昼间的；白天的；白昼

L243 PERIODS OF TIME 时间段落

活动的：the city＇s diurnal noises 城市白天的喧嚣声；a diurnal animal 白昼活动的动物；昼行动物2poet & rare taking a day's time or happening every day 每日的；需用一日的：Rolled round inearth's diurnal course/with rocks and stones and trees＇（Wordsworth）.“和岩、石、树木一起／ 循着地球每日运行的轨迹转动”（华兹华斯）.-ly[Ape]

nocturnal /npk't3:nəl/ fml, tech, or poet of, done， happening， or active at night 夜间的；夜间发生的；夜间活动的：a nocturnal visit 夜间探访；a nocturnal bird 夜间活动的鸟-ly［adv］

annual /'ænjuəl/ 1 (of events) happening every year（事件）每年的；一年一度的：This show is anannual event here.这种表演在这里是一年一度的事．2（of plants） living fr a year（植物）一年生的-ly［adv］

biennial /bar'enəl/ 1 (of events) happening every two years（事件）两年一次的：A biennial art show was held in the city in 1986,1988, and 1990．两年一度的画展曾于1986年、1988年和1990年在这个城市举办．2（of plants）living fortwo years and producing seed in the second year（植物）两年生的-ly［adv］：It happens bien-nially.这种事两年发生一次.

biannual /bar'ænjuəl/ (of events) happening twice in a year（事件）一年两次的：This is abiannual event, in February and September each year．这项活动一年举行两次，在每年的2月和9月．-ly［adv］

centennial /sen'teniəl/ (of events) happening every hundred years（事件）一百年的；百年一次的（esp in the phr centennial anniversary 百周年纪念）

millennial /mə'lenəl/ (of events) 1 happening only once in a thousand years（事件）千年的；千年一次的2 relating to a period of a thousand years千年期的；一千周年纪念的

L243 nouns 名词：anniversaries，etc ［C］ 周年纪念等

anniversary / ænə'v3:səri/ 1 a day which is an exact year or number of years after something has happened 周年纪念日：The anniversary of the day I first met you is next Friday.下星期五是我第一次与你见面的周年纪念.It＇s our weddinganniversary．今天是我们的结婚纪念日．2 aceremony，feast，etc，held on this day 周年纪念仪式；周年纪念宴会

centenary ／sen＇ti：nəri／ also 又作 esp AmE centennial/sen'tenrəl/the day or year exactly a hundred years after a particular event 一百周年纪念日；百周年纪念：In the USA July 4th 1876was the centenary of the Declaration of Inde-pendence．1876年7月4日是美国《独立宣言》发表一百周年.They held their centenary cel-ebrations here.他们在这里举办一百周年庆祝活动.

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L250 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

Grammatical words and

phrases relating to time

与时间有关的语法词汇与短语

L250 adverbs 副词： the present moment 现在

now／nau／1 at the present time 现在；现时：I＇m working now，but I＇ll see you later.现在我正在工作，迟一点再见你.Do it now， please， nottomorrow．这件事情现在就做，不要等到明天．2emph (to get attention or in giving an order) （引起注意或发出命令）喂：Now，sit down.喂，坐下.Now listen to me.喂，听我说.Now then，no more trouble！喂，别再找麻烦了！

just now 1 at this moment 眼下；目前：We＇re having our dinner just now; come back later. 眼下我们正吃饭；过一会儿再来吧．2 a momentago 刚才：He telephoned just now； he wants money.他刚打电话来；他要钱.

at the moment at this moment or in this pe-riod of time 此刻；这会儿；这一阵子；这一阶段：I＇m busy at the moment； come back later.这会儿我正忙，迟些再来吧.At the moment he is inLondon，but he＇ll be.back here next month.此刻他在伦敦，不过下个月他将返回这里.

from now on from this time (into the future); starting now 从现在起；从今以后：From now onI＇ll work harder.从今以后我要更加努力工作.

henceforth ／，hens＇fo：0／ also 又作 hencefor-ward／，hens＇fo：wəd／fml from now on 从今以后；从现在起；此后

L251 adverbs 副词：at a particular moment in the past 在过去的特定时刻

then ／ðen／ at that time in the past 当时；那时： What were you doing in 1960?-Oh, I was still at school then． 1960年你在干什么？-哦，那时我还在上学.

at that time fml then 那时候；那会儿：Was heworking in 1960?-No, at that time he was still at school．1960年他在工作吗？-不是，那时他还在上学.

some time ago quite a long time in the past 相当一段时间以前：I saw him some time ago inLondon，buthaven＇t seen him since.好久以前我在伦敦见过他，但从那次以后就再没有见到他了.

once ／wans／ esp lit ＆ poet some time ago 曾经；一度：He once knew her， but they are no longer friends.他以前认识她，但他们不再是朋友了. No one remembers that once-popular singer.没有人还记得那位曾经名噪一时的歌手了.

at one time at a time in the past 一度；一时：At one time he was the leader of the group, but his friend is the leader now.他曾一度当上这团体的首脑，但现在首脑已由他朋友担任了.

formerly/'forməli/ more fml at one time (but not now）从前；以前：Formerly France had a king，but not any more （＝ not now）.以前法国

有国王，但现在没有了.

previously／＇prirviəsli／ at an earlier time 原先； 原来；先前：He is working in London now， but previously he was in New York.他现在在伦敦工作，但原先在纽约.As I said previously，this is a new plan.正如我以前所说，这是一项新计划.

L252 adverbs 副词：at a particular

moment in the near future 在不久将来的特定时刻

soon/su:n/1[Wa5] before long; within a short time 不久；很快：I shall move house soon.我很快要搬家.Soon after the party she felt ill.晚会过后不久，她病倒了.It soon became clear that... （事情）不久就明朗了···；They should be homevery soon．他们应该快回到家了．2［Wal］quickly； early 快；早：Please get this done as soon as possible； the sooner the better.请尽快办妥此事； 越快越好.I can＇t do it until after noon at the soonest.我最快也要到中午以后才能办这件事.Hegot married as soon as he left university.他一离开大学就结婚了.How soon can you get here？你什么时候能到达这里？I got there too soon；theshop wasn＇t open yet.我太早到那里了；商店还没有开门.Will Thursday be soon enough？星期四够不够早？3［Wal］（in phrases expressing comparison） readily；willingly（用于表示比较的片语中）宁可；宁愿：I＇d sooner die than marry him！我宁死也不嫁他！Will you dance？-I＇d just as soon not， if you don＇t mind.你跳舞吗？-如果你不介意，我不想跳.No sooner...than When...at once-···就···：No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go. 我们刚坐下，就发现该走了.No sooner said thandone! (= It'll be done/it has been done very fast）说到做到／说到就做到了！sooner or later atsome time certainly； if not soon then later 迟早；早晚：Sooner or later we must repair the roof.早晚我们得修补屋顶.speak too soon toassume [→G8] a fact, result, etc, before it is certain 把话说早了；过早地肯定：I hope I＇ll getthe job， but I mustn＇t speak too soon.我希望得到这份工作，但我不可言之过早.

in the near future fml quite soon在不久的将来： He is planning to go to France in the near future.他正计划在不久的将来去法国.

in a little while usu infml very soon 一会儿；很快：I＇m going out but I＇ll be back in a little while.我要出去，不过一会儿就回来.

shortly／＇fo：tli／soon 马上；立刻；很快：Mr Jones will be back shortly. 琼斯先生马上就回来.Heleft shortly before you came in.你进来前他刚走.

L253 adverbs 副词： at some time in the future 在将来的某个时候

before (too) long before a lot of time passes; quite soon 很快；过不了多久：I can＇t do it now，but I＇ll do it before（too） long.我现在不能办这件事；但不久之后就会去办的.

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L256 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

by and by infml before long; at some future time 不久以后：He＇ll come back by and by.他不久就会回来.

then ／ðen／ at a particular time in the future（将来的）那时：I＇m coming on Tuesday； I＇ll see you then.我星期二来；到时再见.

sometime/'sam,taim/ at some time esp in the future but also in the past（将来或过去的）某一时候；日后；有朝一日：We＇ll meet again some-time soon，I hope.我希望我们不久又见面.Hemet her sometime last year.他去年曾碰见她. The work will be finished sometime, but I don＇t know when.这工作有朝一日总会完成的，但我不知道是什么时候.

after some time after some time has passed 过些时候：After some time he met her again.过些时候，他又遇见了她.

at some future date fml sometime 在将来某一时候；日后：We can meet and deal with the matter at some suitable future date. 我们可以在将来某个合适的时候见面处理这问题.

eventually／I＇ventfəli／after a long time 终于；最终：He eventually went home， but much later than he had hoped.他终于回家了，但是比他预期的时间要晚得多了.What happened eventually？ -Oh，they went to live in America.最后怎么样？-喔，他们到美国去定居了.

L254 adverbs 副词：at the end of some time 最后

at last after everything is finished or no more is expected 最后；终于；总算：At last the work was done and he could rest.工作总算完成了，他可以休息了.She has come at last！她终于来了！

at length often fml after a （very） long time 最后；终于：At length he stopped reading， looked up and spoke to the waiting men.他终于停下来不读了，抬起头来向等着的人们说话.

finally／＇fainəli／ emph at last 最后；终于：She has finally done what she promised to do.她终于做了她答应要做的事.The letter finally came.这封信终于收到了.

in the end often poet ＆ emot at last； finally 最后；终于：They won in the end.他们终于赢了.Inthe end everyone was happy.最后皆大欢喜.

L255 adverbs 副词：while something else is happening 当事情同时发生时

in the meantime in the time between (two events）在此期间；与此同时：Go there and come back as soon as you can; in the meantime I'll go on with the work.你快去快回；与此同时我将继续工作.

meanwhile ／＇mi：n，wail／ also 又作 meantime ／＇mi：n，taim／in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时：He was in London for a week and mean-while she went on with the work.他去伦敦一个星期，在此期间她继续工作.

at the same time when two or more things are happening 同时；在此同时：He went to London

and at the same time she went on with the work.他到伦敦去了，在此同时她继续工作.

simultaneously/,siməl'temiəsli/ at exactly the same time 同时：They came into the room simultaneously, but through different doors. 他们同时进入房间，但走的是不同的门.simul-taneous [Wa5; B] happening at the same time 同时发生的：The two events were simul-taneous.这两个事件是同时发生的.

L256 adverbs 副词：up to a particular moment 直到某一特定时刻

so far up to the present moment 迄今为止；到目前：So far the weather has been good， but I think it is going to rain later today.迄今为止天气一直很好，但我想今天晚些时候会下雨.

up to now/then usu not fml up to this/that time 到现在／那时为止：Up to now the weatherhas been good.到现在为止，天气一直很好.Up tothen the weather was good，but...直到那时为止，天气很好，不过···；I＇m going to London next week but up to then I＇ll be here.下周我将去伦敦，但在此之前我一直在这里.

up till now／then more fml up to now／then 到现在／那时为止

up to this／that moment fml up to now／then 直到此刻／那一时刻为止

hitherto /hiðə'tu:/ very fml (not used of the future） until this time 至今；到目前为止：Hith-erto he has been able to do the work, but now he can＇t.到目前为止，他一直能做这一工作，但现在他不行了.

yet／jet／1 at this moment；now 现在；眼下；目前： It is not time to go yet．现在还不是去的时候．2at that moment；then 当时；那时：It was not yet time to go．当时还不到去的时候．3 up to thismoment；so far 迄今为止；到目前：He hasn＇t done much yet．迄今为止，他做的还不是很多．4at this time as at earlier times；still 仍然；仍旧； 依然；依旧：He is yet a child．他仍旧是个小孩．5at a future time 将来；今后；有朝一日：The planmay yet succeed.这个计划可能仍有成功之日.

as yet up to this moment 到目前为止：We have not succeeded as yet.到目前为止我们尚未成功.

by now/then (happening) before this/that time 到现在／那时为止：He left Edinburgh nine hours ago by car; he should be in London by now. 九小时前他乘汽车离开了爱丁堡，到现在他该已到伦敦了.By then he was in France.到那时他已在法国.

by this／that time more fml by now／then 到现在／ 那时之前

already /o:l'redi/ 1 by or before a stated or suggested time 已经；早已：He had already gone when I arrived．我到达时，他已经走了．2before.曾经；以前：I＇ve been there already and don＇t want to go again.我曾到过那里，不想再去了．3 sooner than expected 提前；先已；事先：Have you eaten your food already? What a good boy you are！你已经吃完了？真是个乖孩子！USAGE［用法说明］：already takes the perfect tenses of the verb.already 用于动词完成时态.

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L257 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

L257 adverbs 副词：for all time and on all occasions一直与一向

always/'o:lweiz/1 at all times; at each time -直；一向；总是；每次都：The sun always rises inthe east.太阳总是由东方升起.You are alwaysbeautiful.你总是那么美丽.It is always a mess. 总是一团糟.The train is always on time.火车每次都准时.Do you sing in the bath？-Always！ 你洗澡时唱歌吗？-每次都唱！2 esp emph forever 永远；始终：I will love you always.我永远爱你．3 esp emph again and again； with regu-larity；often 总是；老是：You are always asking me for food.你总是向我要吃的.

ever／＇evə／1 at any time 在任何时候；不论什么时候：Nothing ever makes him angry.从来没有一件事能使他生气.Do you ever go to concerts？-No，never.／Yes sometimes. 你去听过音乐会吗？-不，从来不去／偶尔会去.If you＇re ever inSpain，come and see me.如果你到西班牙，来看我.Have you ever been to Paris？-No，never.／ Yes（once）.你去过巴黎吗？-没有／去过（一次）.He hardly/scarcely ever (= almost never) goes out.他几乎从不出去.She seldom（＝not often） if ever wears trousers.她很少穿长裤.If ever you want a drink， I＇ll give you one.如你什么时候想要喝酒，我就给你一杯.I thought I＇d better warnyou, just in case David should ever mention it.我想还是警告你一下好，以防万一大卫什么时候会提到那件事.It was the biggest room you ever saw．你从未见过这么大的房间．2（after as orthan in comparisons） at any time（before）（用在比较句的as或than之后）以前任何时候：Hedrives his car as fast as ever/faster than ever （before）.他车开得跟以前一样快／比以前任何时候都快.It＇s more important than ever for you to eat properly.你进食要适当，这在现在比以往任何时候都重要．3（after as and before the subject in comparisons, used for giving force to an expression）（用在比较句的as之后和主语之前，加重语气）曾经：I did it as fast as ever I could.我尽快地去做．4（after how，what，when，where， who, why, used for giving force to a question) （用在how、what、when、where、who、why 等疑问词后，加强问句语气）究竟；到底：What everare you doing？你究竟在干什么？How ever shall we get there？我们怎样才能到那里？5 old use orin comb always 不断地；一直：The ever-increas-ing population of the city is causing difficul-ties．不断增长的人口正给该城市带来困难．6AmEinfml (used for strengthening exclamations in the form of questions）（以疑问句形式，加强感叹语气）真的；极；非常：Is it ever big！它真大！Canhe ever hit that ball！他当然能击中那球！everafter always after that 从那以后；以后一直：They lived happily ever after (end of a fairy story). 从此以后他们幸福地生活（童话故事结尾）.everand anon poet from time to time 时时；不时ever so／such infml，esp BrE very 非常；很：It＇s ever so cold.天气真冷.She＇s ever such a nice girl.她真是个好女孩.Yours ever also 又作Everyours infml (used at the end of a letter above the signature）你永久的朋友（用于信尾签名之前

的客套话）never ever infml never 从不；从未：Inever ever do any washing.我从来不洗衣服.

for always esp emph for all time 永生永世；永远： He says that marriage is for always.他说婚姻是终身大事.

forever, for ever /fə'revə/ esp emph & poet for all time 永远；永久：T＇ll love him forever！＇she said.她说，“我永远爱他！”

for good emph for all time 永远；永世：She＇s leaving this place for good next week！下周她就要永远离开这个地方了！She＇ll soon be gone forgood.她很快就要永远离开了.

for good and all infml emph for all time 永远； 一劳永逸地

the whole time all the time that something is happening 在整个期间：We enjoyed the party， but he sat there the whole time doing nothing and saying nothing.我们在晚会上玩得很开心，但他却一直坐在那里，什么也不做，什么话也不说.

all along not fml forthe whole time 一直；在整个期间：She said that she would do it but all along she planned to do something else. 她说她会去做这件事，但是她一直在计划做另外的事.Ithought all along that she wouldn＇t do it！我一直认为她不会去做的！

never／＇nevə／1 not ever； not at any time 从不；从未；永不；决不：I＇ve never met him and I hope I never will meet him.我从未见过他，我也希望永远不会见到他.He never gets up early in themomning.他从不早起.Never forget to lock the door at night. 晚上千万不要忘记锁门.Never（before） have I met such a strange person.（以前）我从未见过这样一个古怪的人．2 not 不；没有（esp in such phrs as never so much as 甚至不， and never do 决不行 and in commands 命令句）：Never fear！（＝ don＇t worry）.别怕！He never so much as said 'Thanks' (= didn't even thank me）.他连“谢谢”都不说一声.This dirtyshirt will never do (= isn't good enough to wear）．这件脏衬衫不能穿了．never mind infml 1don＇t worry 别担心；别着急：I forgot to bring your book.-Never mind (about) that; I'll get it myself tomorrow.我忘了带你的书来.-别担心；明天我自己去取．2 Don＇t pay any attentionto what was just said 别介意；不要紧；没关系：Where's my book? Oh, never mind-I've found it.我的书在哪里？哦，不要紧-我找到了.at no time emph never； on no occasion 从不；从未：He says that he told me， but at no time did he say anything about it！他说他告诉过我，可他从来没有提过那件事！

L258 adverbs 副词：on some occasions only只在某些时候

sometimes／＇sAm，taimz／ on some occasions.有时；不时地：He sometimes comes to see us，but not often.有时他来看我们，但不经常.I thinksometimes that she doesn't like him very much.有时我认为她并不怎样喜欢他.

occasionally ／ə＇kerənəli／also 又作（every） now and again, every so often, now and then，from time to time sometimes 偶尔；有时；

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L259 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

不时地：He occasionally comes to see us.他偶尔来看我们.He comes to see us from time to time.他不时来看我们.Every now and again he comes to see us. 他不时来看我们.He comeshere now and again.他有时来这里.Now and then he comes to see us.他时而来看我们.

once in a while occasionally but not often 偶尔； 间或：Once in a while he comes to see us.他偶尔来看我们.

on and off also 又作 off and on infml occasion-ally 偶尔；不时地：I see him off and on.我偶尔见到他.She goes there on and off.她有时也去那里.

seldom／＇seldəm／ not at all often 很少；不常；难得：He seldom eats breakfast.他很少吃早餐. She goes there seldom，if ever.她很难得到那里去.I see them very seldom now.现在我极少见到他们.She seldom，if ever，reads a book.她难得看书.He seldom or never reads.他简直不读书.

rarely／＇reəli／ seldom；almost never 很少；绝少； 几乎不：She rarely comes here now.现在她极少到这里来.He rarely reads a book.他几乎不读书.often／＇pfən／1（at）many times 经常；常常；多次：

How often do you go there?-Once a month. 你多久到那里去一次？-一月一次.How oftenhave you been there？-Twice.你去过那里多少次？-两次.Often he doesn＇t know what he wants.他常常不知道他想要什么.He goes toLondon quite often．他经常去伦敦．2 in many cases 在许多情况下：American girls are often very pretty.美国女孩大多都很漂亮.once toooften one time more than is allowed 再次；又（多了）一次：You＇ve done that once too often and must be punished！你又一次干了这种事，必须受罚！

frequently /'fri:kwəntli/ more fml (found or happening） often 经常；频繁；屡次：She frequently goes there.她常常去那里.

for a time/while for a certain length of time-度；一时；一段时间：I＇ll work here for a time，then move on.我将在这里工作一段时间，然后再走.He's been doing this for (quite) a while now;at least six months.他干这工作已有（相当）一段时间；至少六个月了.

for some time （now） for quite a long time 一些时间；一段时间：She＇s been doing this work for some time；a year or more.她干这工作已有相当一段时间；一年多了.For some time now he hasbeen looking ill.他脸带病容已有相当一段时间了.

L259 conjunctions，adverbs，etc 连接词、副词等：when and while 当···的时候

when／wen／1［adv］ at what time？；how soon？何时；什么时候：When will they come？他们何时来？Do you know when they＇re coming？你知道他们什么时候来吗？2［adv］ at which time 当时；其时：At the time when we met he was living in Greece.我们相遇时，他正住在希腊.It＇s the sort ofday when you＇d like to stay in bed.这种天气你躺在床上简直不想起来．3 ［conj］ at （any timeduring） that time 当···时；在···之际；在···的时候：

Come in when you＇ve taken your coat off.把外衣脱掉后就进来吧.She was beautiful when shewas a girl.她年轻的时候长得很美.I jumped upwhen she called.她来访时，我跳了起来.Whensleeping I never hear a thing.我睡着时什么都听不见．4［conj］ genl（with present tense） if（用于现在时）如果；假如：No one can make a dresswhen they haven＇t learnt how.没学过缝纫的话， 谁也不会做衣服．5［conj］ since 既然：I can＇t tellyou anything when you won＇t listen.既然你不想听，我就什么也不说了．6［conj］although虽然；尽管：She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time.她不试了，虽然再试一次可能就会成功．7［conj］and then 然后：They arrive at six，when we all have dinner.他们六点钟到，然后我们一起吃晚饭．8［pron］ what time 什么时候：Since when has that been so？从什么时候起情况成为那样的？9［pron］which time（已提到的）时候：I fell asleep at ten， before when I was read-ing for an hour.我十点入睡，在那以前我读了一小时书.

while／wail／［conj］ 1 at the time when 当···的时候； 在···时：Don＇t talk while you＇re eating.吃饭时不要说话.He did not move while the music went on， but got up when it ended.乐曲演奏时，他一动也不动；但当乐曲一结束，他就站了起来．2although虽然：While I am willing to go， I would like it better if you went.虽然我愿意去，可你去会更好些.3 on the other hand 在另一方面；而；却：He likescoffee，while she likes tea.他喜欢咖啡，她却喜欢茶.

as／æz／［conj］ 1 at the exact moment when 正当··· 时；正在···时：She dropped the glass as she stood up．她站起来时把玻璃杯跌落在地了．2 at the samemoment as 与此同时；跟···同时：He saw her asthey were both getting off the bus.他们从公共汽车走下时，他看见了她.

all the time ［conj］ every moment when 在···整个时间里：He sat quietly all the time she sang.她唱歌时，他安静地坐着.

the moment/instant/minute [conj] not fml at the exact time when 一···就···：She came the moment he asked her to.他一叫她就来了.The instant I heard the news I came.我一听到这个消息就来了.He＇ll do it the minute he is free（＝has time）.他一有空就会去做.

as soón as [conj] at the first moment when-... 就···：As soon as I heard the news，I came.我一听到这消息就来了.Do it as soon as you can，please.这件事请你尽快办.

just as ［conj］ exactly at the time when 正当···时： He came in just as I was going out.我正要出去， 他走了进来.

every time [conj] at every time that (something happens）每当；每次：John wins／loses every time we play.我们每次玩，约翰总是赢／输.

whenever/we'nevə/1 [conj] (not with perfect tense）when；at any time at all 无论何时；不论什么时候（不用于完成时）：Come whenever youlike．你爱什么时候来，就什么时候来吧．2［conj］every time 每当：Whenever we see him we speak to him．每当我见到他，都同他讲话．3［adv］at anytime 在任何时候；不论什么时候：Whether theyarrive tonight,tomorrow, or whenever, they'll

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L260 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

be welcome.不论他们今晚到，明天到，还是随便什么时候到，我们都欢迎.

L260 adverbs， prepositions， etc副词、介词等：before and after在···之前与在···之后

before／br＇fo：／1 ［adv］ at an earlier time 以前；从前；过去：Haven＇t I seen you before？我不曾见过你吗？2 ［prep］ earlier in time than 在···之前；先于：It happened before 1937．这事发生在1937年以前．He got there before me．他比我先到那里．3［conj］ earlier than the time when 在···之前；先于：He got there before I did．他比我先到那里．4［conj］ more willingly than 与其···（宁愿···）；（宁愿···）也不···：He will die of hunger before he will steal.他宁愿饿死，也决不行窃.

beforehand／br＇fo：，hænd／ ［adv］ 1 in advance 预先；事先：Please let me know your plans before-hand．请预先告诉我你的计划．2 too early过早；太早：Don＇t be beforehand in making up your mind.不要过早作决定.

after /'a:ftə/1 [adv] following in time or place; later 后来；以后：We arrived soon after.我们后来马上就到了.They were happy ever after.从此以后他们很幸福．2［prep］ following in time or order；later than；next（时间或顺序）在···之后； 在···后面：We shall leave after breakfast.我们早饭后离开.Soon after the performance we went home.演出结束后不久，我们就回家了.They willreturn the day after tomorrow．他们后天回来．3 ［prep］ following continuously（一个）接着（一个）：Year after year went by without hearing of him.时间一年一年过去，他却毫无音讯.One jokeafter another came pouring out of him.他的笑话一个接一个，讲个不停．4［prep］ following inplace or order（位置或次序）在···之后；在···后面；跟着：He entered the room after his father.他跟随父亲之后走进房间.Your name comes aftermine in the list.在名单上你的名字就列在我的后面．5 ［prep］ as a result of；because of 由于；因为：After the way he treated me I shall never want to see him again.他那样对我，我以后永远不再见他了．6［prep］ in spite of 尽管：After all my care in packing it the clock arrived broken.尽管我很小心地包装，这座钟收到时还是坏了. I gave him plenty of directions but he got lost after all.我曾给他详加说明，但他还是迷了路.7 ［prep］ in the manner or style of 仿照；模仿：It was a painting after the great master.这是一幅模仿大师手笔的绘画．8 ［prep］ in accordancewith 依照；根据：You are a man after my own heart; we think and act alike in nearly all things.你是个合我心意的人；我们对所有事情的想法和做法几乎都一样．9 ［conj］ at a later timethan 在···之后：I found your coat after you had left the house.你离开家之后，我找到了你的外衣.ago /ə'gəu/ [adv] back in time from now; in the

past 在···以前；在···之前：He left ten minutes ago.他在十分钟前离开.It was a long while ago.那是很久以前的事.How long ago did he leave？他离开多久了？

(not) later than [prep, conj] (not) happening or done after（a stated time）（不）迟于；（不）晚

于：Come not later than eight o＇clock.不要迟于八点钟来.The work was finished later than he had hoped.这工作结束得比他预期要晚.

by ／bai／ ［prep］ not later than；before 不迟于； 在···之前：Be here by four o＇clock.四点钟之前来到这里.Will you finish it by tomorrow？你能不超过明天把它完成吗？By the time the doctorarrived the patient had died.在医生到达时，病人已经死了.

past／pa：st／［prep］ after（a stated time）超过（某时间）；在···之后：It＇s half past two now（＝2：30 a.m.or p.m.）.现在两点半了.It was well past midnight when he came home.他回到家时，早就过了半夜.

to／tu：／［prep］ （in telling the time） before 差···不到（某时间）；在···之前：It＇s five（minutes）to six （＝before six o＇clock）.现在是六点差五分.

L261 adverbs ＆ conjunctions 副词和连接词：many times 多次

as often as [conj] as many times as; each time that 每当；每次：As often as he does it， he fails. 他每次做这件事都失败.

as often as not [adv] as many times one way as the other；at least fifty per cent of the time 往往；常常；在至少一半情况下：They come here asoften as not.他们不时到这里来.

more often than not [adv] more times one way than the other; more than fifty per cent of the time 多半；在大多情况下：More often than nothe does help us.在大多情况下他的确帮了我们的忙.

L262 adverbs，etc 副词等：immediately 立刻

immediately/I'mi:drətli/ 1 [adv] at that exact moment 立即；立刻；马上：I came immediately after I＇d eaten．我吃完饭马上就来了．2［conj］ assoon as 一·就···：I came immediately I＇d eaten.我一吃完饭就来了.

at once emph immediately 马上；立即；立刻：He told them to do it at once.他叫他们马上办这件事.Do it at once！立即办这件事！

at this/that very moment emph exactly now／then 正好在这／那时：I didn＇t expect him to come at this verymoment.我没想到他正好这时来.He did it at that very moment.他刚好在那时做了此事.

straight away／off not usu fml immediately当即；即刻；马上：He did the work straight away. 他即刻做这项工作.

right away not usu fml immediately; without delay 毫不迟延地；立刻；马上：Let＇s eat rightaway！我们马上吃吧！

instantly/'instəntli/ emph & often fml immedi-ately；at once 立时；立即；马上：He did it in-stantly.他立即去做.

forthwith /fo:θ'wið/ esp\_older use & fml immediately 随即；立刻；马上：He did it forth-with.他马上办了这件事.

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L266 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

L263 adverbs 副词：later 后来

later／＇leitə／ after a particular time 以后；后来：I can't do it now, but I'll do it later, perhaps tomorrow.我现在不能去做，我迟些会做，或许明天吧.Later，he came back.后来，他回来了.He came back much later／a lot later.他回来晚得多了.

afterwards/'a:ftəwədz/ after a particular thing has happened or been done 后来；随后：That was nothing in comparison with what hap-pened afterwards！跟后来发生的事相比，那件事实在算不了什么！Afterwards he said he was sorry he did it.后来他说他很抱歉做了那件事.

after the event fml later, after something （bad）has happened 事后；出事以后：I＇m sorry. -It＇s easy to be sorry after the event！我很抱歉.-事后抱歉倒是不难！

later on not usu fml afterwards 后来；以后： Later on he came back to the house, when she had gone.后来他回到家，而她已走了.I＇ll doit later on； I can＇t do it now.我以后去做；现在不行.

after /'a:ftə/ infml later; when something is finished 以后；完事后：Can I come and see you after？我以后能来看你吗？

L264 prepositions， etc 介词等：till and until 直到

till ／til／ ［prep， conj］ up to （a stated time）直到；待到：I＇ll be here till six o＇clock， but not later／ after.六点钟之前我在这里，但过后我就不在了.They waited till he came.他们等到他来.Don＇t go till I tell you to.等到我叫你走时你再走.

until／ən＇tıl／［prep，conj］ more fml till 直到；待到： I shall be here until six o'clock, then I shall go.我六点钟之前在这里，然后就要走了.Wait untilI tell you to go.等到我叫你走时你再走.Until hecomes，we cannot do anything.他还没来之前， 我们什么也不能做.

up to ［prep］ infml ＆ emph till 直到：I＇ll be here up to six， but not a minute more.我将在这里一直留到六点钟，但一分钟也不会多留.He works upto about eight in the evening every day.每天他都工作到晚上差不多八点钟.

towards /tə'wo:dz/ [prep] nearly at (a stated time）接近（所提到的时间）；将近：Towards themiddle of the night he began to feel tired and wanted to sleep.快到半夜时，他开始感到疲倦，想睡觉了.He left towards eight o＇clock.他在将近八点时离开.

L265 prepositions 介词：during在···期间

during /'djuərin/ 1 through the whole course of 在整个···期间：He swims every day during the summer.他夏季里每天都游泳.They＇re openfrom ten o'clock until six o'clock during the week and on Saturdays from ten o'clock until two o＇clock.它们平日从十点开放到六点，星期六

从十点开放到两点．2 at some point in thecourse of 在···时候：He came in during the night.他晚上来了.Only two buses left during the morning.整个上午只开出了两辆公共汽车.

inside /'in'saıd/ infml before (a stated time) is finished 在（某段时间）以内；在···里：I＇ll come inside halfan hour.我会在半小时内来.

within/wr'ðin/inside the limit of esp time; not beyond or more than 在···之内；不超出（尤指时间）：He＇ll arrive within an／the hour.他一小时内到达.

at some time/point in fml at a particular time within a longer time 在···的某时刻：At some point in the afternoon he telephoned her.下午某个时候，他给她打了电话.

L266 adverbs ＆ prepositions 副词和介词： through and almost 从头至尾与几乎

through/θru:/[prep] from the beginning to the end of 从头至尾；自始至终：He worked（all）through the night.他工作了一整夜.

throughout／θru：＇aut／［prep］ emph through 从头至尾：He worked throughout the night and the next day.他足足工作了一整夜和随后的一整天.

for the whole of ［prep］ fml throughout 在整个···期间：Are you planning to work for the whole of the night？你打算通宵工作吗？

for /fo:/ [prep] during (a time); through the whole of 在···时间：He worked for five hours without a break （＝without stopping）.他连续工作了五小时.I＇m staying here for two weeks.我打算在这里逗留两个星期.

almost／o：l＇məust／［adv］ 1 just before 差不多；快要：It was almost midnight when he came home．他回到家时，已近半夜．2 just about，butnot 几乎；差一点：Last year she was very ill and almost died.去年她病得很重，差一点死去.Almost no one saw him there (= Hardly anyone saw him there， but a few did）.差不多没有人在那里见到他.

about/ə'baut/ [adv] at almost or approximately （a stated time） 大约：I＇ll come about ten o＇clock.我大约十点钟来.

just about [adv] more or less at (a stated time) 差不多；几乎：He came at just about eight o＇clock.他是差不多八点钟来的.

near（ly）／niə；（＇nəli）／ ［adv］ almost 近于；差不多： It was near（ly） ten o＇clock when heleft.他离开时差不多十点钟了.

more or less ［adv］ not exactly but nearly 或多或少；差不多：It＇s more or less time to leave.差不多该走了.We got there more or less when we wanted to.我们差不多是在预期的时间到达那里的.roughly／＇rafli／［adv］ infml more or less 大致；约莫：Roughly when did he get there？他大致什么

时候到那里？

approximately /ə'proksəmitli/ [adv] fml more or less 大概；大约：She left at approximately eight o＇clock. 她大约在八点钟离开.It takesapproximately one week to do the work. 做这件工作大约需要一周时间.

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L267 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

close to／on ［adv］ not fml nearly 接近；差不多：It will be close on ten o'clock when we get there. 我们到达那里时应该快到十点钟了.Close to fourhundred people came.来了近四百人.

L267 adverbs 副词：again， and similar expressions 再次与类似的表达词语

again/ə'gein/ once more; one more time; an-other time 又一次；再一次：Please say that again.请再说一遍.Do it again.再做一遍.Please came again.请再来.You must never do that again.你决不要再做那种事了.

over again once more； a second time 再次：Do it over again，please.请再做一遍.

again and again also 又作 time and （time） again emph very often 不断地；一再地；一遍又一遍地：She said it again and again until she could say it really well.她一遍又一遍地练这句话，直到真的能够把它说好为止.

over and over (again) often deprec again and again 不断地；再三地；翻来覆去地：He kept sing-ing the same song over and over again！他翻来覆去地唱同一首歌！

on／pn／ emph continuously； without stopping 继续地；不停地：I won＇t go home yet；Ill work on／stay on a bit.我还不想回家；我要再继续工作／再逗留一会儿.He worked on through the night. 他继续工作，干了一整夜.

on and on very emph continuously 继续地；不断地：He talked on and on about his holiday till we were tired of it.他老是谈他度假如何如何，我们最后都听厌了.

away ／ə＇wei／ often apprec continuously 连续地； 不停地：That child plays away happily for hours.那个孩子开心地连续玩了几个钟头.Sheworked away at it till she finished it success-fully.她不停地工作，直到把它完成为止.

repeatedly/rr'pi:tidli/fml & emph often; again and again 反复地；再三地；屡次地：He repeatedlyfailed to pass the examination.他一次又一次地考试，但次次都不及格.

L268 prepositions，etc 介词等：up to and including 直到与包括

up to and including [prep] from a first usu stated date to the end of (a second stated date）直到并包括（首尾日期都包括在内）：He willbe in London from April up to and including August 5th．他在伦敦将从四月逗留到8月5日（包括这一天在内）.

inclusive /in'klu:siv/ [Wa5; E] including (a stated date）包括（所提到的日期）在内的：He willbe in London from Monday to Thursday in-clusive.他从星期一起直到星期四（包括这一天在内）都在伦敦.

through/θru:/ [prep] AmE up to and including 直到并包括（首尾日期都包括在内）：He will be inNew York Monday through Thursday/April through August．他从星期一到星期四／从4月到8月都会在纽约.

L269 adjectives 形容词：on and off ［Wa5； F］进行中与不进行

on／pn／happening， working， etc 进行中；工作着： The show is on from Monday to Saturday.这个节目从星期一到星期六每天演出.He＇s on from9 am to 5 pm．他从上午九点工作到下午五点．

off／pf／not happening， working，etc 不进行；不工作：The show is off； two of the actors are ill. 戏停演了；有两位演员病了.He gets off（work）at5 pm．他下午五点钟下班．

L270 prepositions 介词： for a period of time 在一段时间内

for /fo:/ from the beginning to the end of (a stated time）在···时间内：I＇ll be here for two weeks.我会在这里逗留两星期.

over a period of fml for 在···时间内：He has worked there over a period of years/ten years. 他在那里已工作了多年／十年.

L271 preposition，etc 介词等：since and from a particular time 自从···以来与自··· 起

since/sins/1 [prep] beginning at (a stated past time) and continuing to the present time or the time of speaking，writing，etc 自从···至今； 自从···以来：He has worked there since 1969．自从1969年至今他一直在那里工作．I＇ve been heresince January．自从一月份以来，我一直在这里．2[prep] during the period after (a stated past time）自从···以后：I haven＇t seen her since March．自从三月份以后，我没有见过她．3［conj］after the past time when 自从···起；自从···以来： It's been years since I enjoyed myself so much as last night.我已有多年没有像昨晚那样玩得痛快了．4 ［conj］ continuously from the time when 自从···；一直···：We＇ve been friends since we met at school.自从我们在学校认识以来一直是朋友.ever since emph since 自从···一直：We＇ve been friends ever since we were children.我们从小就一直是朋友.

from/from/[prep] beginning at (a stated time) and continuing （to some other stated time）从； 由；自：He worked there from 1962 to 1974．他从1962年至1974年在那里工作．

L272 prepositions 介词：at，in，and on particular times 在···特定时间

at/æt/(used with times, esp those on a clock, for meals, and certain important occasions, etc）在···点钟；在···饭时；在···节日时：Come here at 6 pm．下午六点钟来这里．I＇ll meet you at 6．我六点钟同你见面.I told her about it at dinnerlast night.昨晚吃饭时我告诉了她这件事.See youat Christmas！圣诞节见！

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L273 WORDS RELATING TO TIME 与时间有关的词语

in /In/ 1 during (the stated period of months, years，etc）在···月；在···年：I was in London in Januarylin 1974．我一月份／1974 年在伦敦．2during (certain events which go on for a long time）在···（长时间的事件）时期：He died in thewar.他在战争期间死去.

on ／pn／ during （a day） 在···天：See you on Tuesday.星期二见.On Monday I was in New York.星期一那天我在纽约.

L273 verbs 动词：helping verbs showing time 表示时间的助动词

[ALSO→ G265 TENSES]

will/wil/1 (to express the simple future tense) （表示一般将来时）将要；会：The weather will begood tomorrow.明天天气不错.He＇ll（＝He will） come next week.他下星期来.Ifyou study hard， you will pass the exam.你如果努力学习，考试就能及格．2 to be willing to 愿意：Will you come in now，please？请进来，好吗？3（to express or answer a question or request）（问／回答问题或请求）：Will you telephone me tomorrow？-Yes， I will／No，I will not／No，I won＇t.你明天打电话给我好吗？-好，我打／不，我不打／不，我不打.

shall /fæl/ esp Eng E 1 (to express the simple future tense，with I and we）（表示一般将来时， 用于I和we）将要；会：We shall be going there soon.我们很快就要去那里.I shall do it nextweek．我将于下星期做这件事．2（for politesuggestion with I and we）（用于I和we，表示客气的建议）···行吗？： Shall Í go or will you？是我去还是你去？3 fml（to express a stron prom-ise，intention，or expectation）（表示语气较强的允诺、意图和期望）必须；应；可：It shall be donein exactly the way you want.这件事一定完全按你的要求去做.That day shall come.那一天定会到来．4 fml（to express a command or what must be done）（表示命令或规定）应；必须：Thislaw shall have effect in Scotland.本法律对苏格兰有效.

USAGE［用法说明］Where shall is used in the normal expression of the simple future tense, will can be used to express emphasis 助动词shall 通常用来表示一般将来时.will则还可以表示强调：I certainly will come tomorrow！我明天一定来！

would/wud/1(past tense of will, esp as used in reported speech）（will 的过去时，尤用于间接引

语）将会：They said that the weather would be good the next day．他们说第二天会是好天．2（toexpress conditions， hopes，etc）（表示条件、希望等）想要；就会：I would like to go， but I can＇t. 我想去，但不能去.If you helped her，she would be able to do it.你如果帮助她，她就能做这件事.

should/fud/1 (past tense of shall, esp as used in reported speech）（shall 的过去时，尤用于间接引语）将要：I knew if I kept trying I should succeed at last.我知道如果我坚持下去，终将成功.(fml) He said he should return, and he did. 他说他会回来，他果然回来了．2（with that，afteradjectives and such verbs as intend, desire, demand，be anxious）（用于某些形容词或动词intend， desire， demand， be anxious 后跟的 that 从句里）：It＇s odd that you should mention his name.很奇怪，你竟然提起他的名字.I was anx-ious that our plan should not fail.我殷切期望我们的计划不致失败．3 esp Eng E（used with Iand we in conditional sentences with a past t, or about the past）（用在表示过去的条件句中，主语为I或we）：We should never have won with-out your help.如果没有你的帮助，我们决不会赢.Ishould stay out of trouble if I were you.假如我是你，我就避开这场麻烦．4 （used in phrs like thefollowing， to express humour or surprise）（表示幽默或惊奇）：As I left the house，who should come to meet me but my old friend Sam！我离家时，除了我的老朋友山姆之外，还有谁会来找我！At that point, what should happen but the car wouldn＇t start！在那种时刻，除了汽车发动不了之外，还会发生什么事呢！

be ／bi：／not fml （to express the future tense）（表示将来时）：He is in London next week.下星期他会在伦敦.

be about to (to express an immediate future act）（表示最近的将来）正要；就要：I was about toleave when you came in, but I won't go now. 刚才我正要离开，你就来了，我现在不走了.

be going to （to express a planned future）（表示将来计划做的事）准备要；打算要：He＇s going togo to New York next month.他下个月将去纽约.I was going to do it， but she did it first.我正打算干这件事，但她先做了.

have／hæv／（to express perfect tenses）（表示完成时）：I have been in France； have you （been there）？我去过法国；你去过（那里）吗？He hasn＇tseen her yet. 他还没见过她.She should have gone，but she hasn＇t.她本该走了，但还没走.

M

Movement, location, travel, and transport 运动、位置、旅行与运输

Moving, coming, and going

运动与来去

M1 verbs，etc 动词等：moving，coming， and going 运动与来去

move/mu:v/1[T1;IØ] to (cause to) change place or bodily position（位置）移动；（身体）动； （使）改变位置：The prisoner was tied so tightly that he couldn＇t move hand or foot.犯人被绑得很紧，手脚都无法动弹.The child moved justas his father was taking a photograph of him. 那个小孩刚好在他父亲给他照相时动了一下.Thebaby hasn＇t moved since he was put to bed. 这个婴儿睡下后就一动也没动过．2［T1；IØ］ to takeor go from one place to another 移动；挪动；搬动：Please move your car； it＇s blocking my way out.请把你的汽车移动一下；它挡住了我的出路.The sick woman's bed was moved downstairs. 病妇的床被搬到楼下去了.He stood in the door-way， and wouldn＇t move out of my way.他站在门口，不肯给我让路.The talks have beenmoved from Paris to London.会谈已由巴黎移到伦敦进行．3［IØ］ to be in movement； go，walk， run，etc， esp in a particular way 走动；跑动；起动；开动；转动：The guard blew his whistle and the train began to move.列车长吹响哨子，火车就开动了.Have you ever seen a dancer move more gracefully？ 有跳得比这个更优美的舞蹈家吗？4［X9；L9］ to（cause to） change 改变；变更： Attempts were made to move the talks from a consideration of principles to more practical ideas.曾作过努力，试图将会谈由考虑原则改变为讨论较实际的想法.The government＇s opinions on this matter haven't moved; they're still favour-able．政府对这件事的意见没有改变，仍表赞同．5［Iø］ infml to travel， run，etc，very fast 走得快； 跑得快；开得快：That car was really moving； it must have been doing 90 miles an hour．那辆车开得真快；时速准有九十英里．6［IØ］to changeone＇s place of living or working 搬家；迁移；调动工作：Their present house is too small， so they＇ve decided to move.他们现在住的房子太小，所以已经决定搬家．7［Wv4；T1］a to take（furni-ture and other articles) from one house, office，etc to another 搬运（家具、物品等）：a moving van 搬运货车.b infml to take（a per-son's) furniture and other articles from one house， office，etc，to another 搬家；搬迁：We＇re

being moved by Richardson and Company.理查逊搬运公司正为我们搬家．8［T1 （to）］ to cause(a person) to have or show feelings,as of pity, sadness，anger，admiration，etc 感动；激起（怜悯、悲伤、愤怒、爱慕等感情）：Her sad storymoved all who heard it.她的伤心事感动了所有的听众.The sick child＇s suffering moved his father to tears.那病孩的痛苦使他父亲难过得落泪.9 ［IØ（on）］ to take action （with regard to）（对某事）采取行动：When will the government move on this important matter？政府何时对此重要问题采取行动？10［IØ］（of work，events，etc） to advance; go forward; get nearer to an end （工作或事件等）进展；发展；临近结束：His busi-ness affairs aren't moving and his debts are increasing.他的生意没有进展，债却越来越多.Work on the new building is moving more quickly than was expected.新楼的工程进展得比预期的快.Let＇s get things moving （＝ Let＇s take effective action）．让我们行动起来吧．11［T1；V3］ to cause (a person) to act, change an opinion, etc 使（某人）行动；鼓动；推动；使改变看法：Thisartist can paint only when the spirit moves him（＝when he feels the desire to paint）.这位画家只在有创作灵感时才作画.Nothing will movehim from his determination to marry that girl. 什么也不能动摇他娶那个女子的决心.I felt movedto speak．我感到需要我说话．12［L9，esp among， in] to lead one's life or pass one's time (esp with or among people of a certain class）（尤指在某阶层人物之间）生活；活动：He hasn＇t movedmuch among educated people.他与受过教育的人没有太多往来.She＇s a very wealthy woman and moves in the highest circles of society (= among people of high rank）.她是一位非常有钱的女士，活跃于上流社交圈内．13［C］an act orresult of moving， esp to do something 举动；行动；运动：He made no move to go.他没有作出任何要走的样子.

move about also 又作 move around ［v adv］ 1 [T1; IØ] to (cause to) move continually;fail to keep still（使）不停地动；呆不住：Don＇t move about while I'm trying to take your photo-graph．我给你拍照时，你不要动来动去．2［IØ］tochange one's home, place of work, etc,con-tinually 不断地搬家；经常更换工作

move along [v adv] 1 [Iø] to move further towards the front 往前移动：The people stand-ing in the bus moved along, to make room for others.站在公共汽车里的人往前移动，好给别人让地方．2［T1；IØ］to move on（def2）离开；不要停留

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