K45 MUSIC 音乐

乐器

reed instrument [C] a wind instrument in which the sound is produced by the move-ment of a reed 簧乐器

brass instrument [C] a musical instrument that is made of brass and which is played by blowing 铜管乐器

brass/bræs/ [(the) GU] the set of brass instru-ments in an orchestra（管弦乐队的）铜管乐器部分

stringed instrument [C] a musical instrument with one or more strings 弦乐器

strings /strigz/ [P] the set of stringed instru-ments in an orchestra（管弦乐队的）弦乐器部分percussion instrument [C] a musical instru-ment which is played by being struck 打击乐器

percussion／pə＇kafən／［GU］ also 又作 percus-sion section [C] the set of percussion instru-ments in an orchestra（管弦乐队的）打击乐器部分

key/ki:/[C] any one of the parts of a musical instrument or other machine that is pressed down to produce the desired sound or other result（乐器等的）键：the keys of a piano 钢琴琴键

K45 nouns 名词：wind instruments ［C］ （见788页彩图）管乐器

pipe/paip/ a simple tubelike wind instrument 管乐器 piper a musician who plays on a pipe， or esp on bagpipes（管乐器）吹奏者（尤指吹风笛的人）

horn/horn/ any of a number of musical instru-ments consisting of a long metal tube, usu bent several times and played by blowing（管乐器）喇叭；号；管：a French horn 法国号；ahunting horn 猎号

whistle /'wisəl/ a simple (musical) wind instru-ment that makes a high sound when air or steam is passed through a small opening in it 哨子；汽笛

cor anglais BrE / ko:r 'pnglei/, English horn AmE a type of long wooden wind instrument, like the oboe but producing a lower note 英国管（一种长的木制乐器，像双簧管，但音调较低）（其余见彩图）

K46 nouns 名词： string instruments ［C］ （见788页彩图）弦乐器

viola/vi'əulə/ a type of string instrument, like the violin but a little larger and producing a slightly deeper sound 中提琴

（其余见彩图）

K47 nouns，etc 名词等：percussion instruments（见853 页彩图）打击乐器

drum/dram/ 1 [C] a musical instrument con-sisting of a skin or skinlike surface stretched

tight over one or both sides of a hollow circu-lar frame， and struck with hand or stick 鼓2 ［S］ a sound like that of such an instrument 鼓声；打鼓般的声音：I could hear the drum of therain against my window.我能听见雨点哗啦哗啦地打在窗上的声音．3［C］（fig）something that looks like such an instrument, esp a part of a machine, a large container for liquids, or a hollow frame on which to wind string, rope,or wire 鼓状物；圆桶；鼓轮；圆筒（上面可绕绳索、电线等）：an oil drum 油桶 4［IØ］ to make sounds on a drum 打鼓；咚咚地敲：The men began drum-ming． 男人们开始击鼓．5［IØ；T1］to move(something, esp one's fingers) on a surface, so as to make a sound like this（用手指等）咚咚地敲：He angrily drummed his fingers on the table.他生气地用手指在桌上咚咚地敲打.drum-mer [C] a person who plays a drum or drums 鼓手

timpani /'tımpəni/ [GU] a set of 2, 3, or 4 ket-tledrums played by one musician 一套定音鼓

xylophone /'zaıləfəun/ [C]\_a musical instru-ment made up of a set of flat wooden bars of different lengths, each of which gives out a different musical note, played by striking with two small hammers 木琴

gong/gon/[C] a round piece of metal hanging from a frame, which when struck with a stick gives a deep ringing sound, as used in Eastern music（见H124插图）锣；铜锣

（其余见彩图）

K48 nouns 名词： pianos and similar instruments［C］（见853页彩图）钢琴与类似乐器

Recording sound, listening to the radio,etc

录音、听收音机等 [ALSO→G210,217]

K50 nouns 名词：records and tapes 唱片与磁带

record /'reko:d/ [C] a circular piece of plastic on which sound is stored in the form of a long narrow line (groove) which has been cut in it 唱片：Put on some records of dance music.放几张舞曲唱片.She bought the latest hit record （＝very popular record）.她买到了目前最流行歌曲的唱片.

disc BrE，disk AmE／disk／［C］a record 唱片

tape/teip/ [C;U] (a length of) narrow plastic material covered with a special magnetic [→H201] substance on which sound can be recorded 磁带；录音带

recording /rr'ko:di/ [C] anything which is re-corded on tape， discs， etc 录音：Play me his

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latest recording.给我放他最新的录音.Let＇s make a recording of their music.让我们把他们的音乐录下来.

tape recording [C] a length of tape on which a performance, a piece of music, speech, etc has been taped／recorded 磁带录音

cassette /kə'set/ [C] a container holding magnetic tape which can be fitted into a tape recorder, or film which can be fitted into a camera 卡式录音带；（照相软片的）暗盒

track /træk/ [C] the part of a record or tape on which sound is recorded（录音磁带或唱片的）音轨

compact disc, compact disk /kəm,pækt 'dısk/, also 又作CD［C］ a small circular piece of hard plastic on which high-quality recorded sound or large quantities of information can be stored 激光盘；激光唱片；（储存资料的）光盘

K51 verbs 动词：records and tapes 唱片与磁带

record /rr'ko:d/ [IØ; T1] to preserve (sound) so that it can be heard again 录音：The machine is recording now.录音机正在录音.I prefer live to recorded performances.我喜欢现场表演，听录音没有那么好.That singer has recorded several songs.那个歌手已录制了几首歌曲.

tape／teip／［T1；IØ］also 又作 tape-record／，teipri-'ko:d/ to record (sound) on tape by using a tape recorder 用磁带录音：She taped the poli-tician's speech so that her father could listen to it later.她将那位政治家的演说录了音，以便她父亲以后可以听.He＇s upstairs taping；don＇t make too much noise or else his machine will record it.他正在楼上录音；别发出太大声响，否则机器会把噪音也录进去的.

play back [y adv T1] to play (a recoding) at once after it is made, so that one can study it carefully 播放（录音带等）；重放：Play it back， please； I want to hear how it sounds.请放一下录音，我想听听录得怎么样.playback also 又作replay [C] a recording which is played back in this way（录音等的）播放；放音；重放

K52 nouns，etc 名词等：technical terms in recording，etc 录音等的术语

speed/spi:d/[C] the rate of movement of a record or tape（唱片、磁带的）转速：He played the record at the wrong speed and it sounded very strange.他播放唱片的转速不对，所以听起来声音很怪.

volume/'vplju:m/ [U] (the degree of) fullness or loudness of sound 音量；响度：He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full volume, and all the neighbours are complain-ing of the noise.他听音乐时喜欢把收音机音量开到最大，邻居们对此都有怨言.The television istoo loud； turn the volume down.电视机开得太响了；把音量收小些.She has a voice that lacksvolume.她说话音量不大.

K55 RECORDING ＆ LISTENING 录音与收听

revolution /,revə'lu:fən/ [C] (of machines) one complete circular movement on a central point，as of a wheel 旋转；绕转；转数：The speed was 100 revolutions per minute． 转速是每分钟一百转.

rev／rev／1［C］tech abbrev revolution 转数：The speed was 100 revs a minute．转速是每分钟一百转．2［T1；IØ；（up）］ a to cause （an engine，etc） to move faster，at a faster rate of revs 加快（发动机的）转速（尤指开动时）：He revved up（hismotorcycle）.他加快（摩托车的）转速.b（of an engine，etc） to do this（发动机等）加快转速

K53 verbs 动词：increasing and decreasing sound ［T1］扩大与降低声音

amplify/'æmplə,far/ to increase the strength of (something, esp sound coming through elec-trical instruments）放大（声音等）；增强：They amplified the music. 他们将音乐声音放大.amplification ［U］ 1 the act of amplifying 扩大；放大 2 the amount by which something is amplified 放大量（程度）

reduce ／rr＇dju：s／（of volume） to make less（指音量）减少；减低强度：Reduce the sound a bit，please.请把声音收小一点.

K54 adjectives，etc 形容词等：hi-fi and stereo 高保真度的音响装置与立体音响设备

high-fidelity /,haifr'deləti/ [Wa5; B] (of tape-recorders, record-players, etc) able to give out sound which represents very closely the details of the original sound before recording（指收音、录音设备等）高保真度的：It＇s a high-fidelityrecording.这是一张高保真度的录音唱片.

hi-fi /'har'faı/ [Wa5; A; (C)] abbrev high fidelity （apparatus）（收音、录音设备等的）高保真度；高保真度的；高保真度的音响设备：He has boughtsome new hi-fi equipment.他购买了一些新的高保真度音响装置.

stereo／＇steriəu／1［C］ also 又作 stereo set a re-cord player or tape recorder which gives out sound from two places by means of two loud-speakers 立体声录音机或电唱机；立体音响设备2fml stereophonic [Wa5; B] which gives out, or is given out as, sound coming from two different places 立体声的：This is a stereo recording／record player.这是立体声的录音／立体声电唱机.

mono/'mpnəu/1 [C] a record player or tape re-corder which gives out sound from one place only 单声道电唱机或录音机2 fml monophonic[Wa5; B] which gives out, or is given out as, sound coming from one place 单声道的：This is a mono recording.这是单声道的录音.

K55 nouns，etc 名词等：amplifiers and microphones［C］放大器与话筒

amplifier/'æmplə,farə/ an instrument, as used

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K56 RECORDING ＆ LISTENING 录音与收听

in radios and record players, that makes elec-trical current． or power stronger （见K57插图）放大器

(loud)speaker /('laud)'spi:kə/ that part of a radio or record player that turns electrical energy into sound（见K57插图）扬声器；喇叭

relay /'ri:lei/ an electrical arrangement or appa-ratus that receives sounds and passes them on over a further distance 转播（装置）；中继（装置） tannoy /'tænoi/ a loudspeaker or public address

system 一套通过扬声器向公众讲话的传声系统；扬声器

intercom /'intə,kom/ a system by which one can talk through a machine to people in a nearby place, often to several people at once, as used by someone to call a secretary to his or her office from an outer room 内部通话装置；对讲机

microphone /'maıkrə,fəun/ an instrument for receiving sound waves and changing them into electricalwaves, used in recording or carrying sound (as in radio, telephones,etc) or in making sounds louder （见 K57 插图） （电话、录音、收音机、扩音设备等的）扩音器；话筒；麦克风

mike／maik／infml a microphone 扩音器；话筒

bug /bag/ infml 1 a small hidden microphone for listening secretly to what people say 窃听器2［T1］ to put such a thing in a place 在（某处） 安装窃听器：The room has been bugged.这房间里已装上了窃听器.

K57 nouns 名词：parts of such equipment 录音、放音设备的部件

loudspeaker

高音控制钮 声音平衡控制钮

stereo equipment

立体声系统

recording level meter

K56 nouns 名词：equipment for

recording and playing sounds ［C］录音与放音设备

record player an instrument which can turn the information stored in the narrow line (groove) of a record back into the original sounds, music, etc by letting a needle travel along it（见K57插图）电唱机；唱机

gramophone /'græməfəun/ esp BrE a record player，esp in older forms 留声机；（尤指较旧式的）唱机

phonograph/'fəunə,gra:f/ esp AmE a gramo-playback control phone 留声机；唱机

tape recorder an instrument which can record sound on and play sound back from tape （见K57插图）磁带录音机

磁带录音机

K58 nouns 名词：radios，etc 收音机等

[ALSO→G210-13]

radio /'reidi,əu/1 [U] (the method of) sending or receiving sounds through the air by means of electrical waves 无线电；无线电通讯；无线电接收或传送：He talked to them by radio.他通过无线电跟他们说话．2［C］also 又作 radio set anapparatus to receive sounds broadcast in this

cassette recorder a kind of tape recorder, the tapes for which are contained in cassettes[■K50］卡式磁带录音机；卡式录音机

personal stereo／ pa：sənəl ＇steriəu／， also 又作walkman /'wo:kmən/ tdmk a very small ma-chine for playing cassettes,which has small earphones and is carried around with the user 随身听（一种播放卡式录音带并附有耳机、可随身携带的小型音响设备）；耳筒录音机

compact disc player an instrument which can play sound back from compact disc［→＞K50］激光唱机；激光唱盘

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way 收音机：Let＇s buy a new radio.我们买一台新收音机吧．3［U］ the radio broadcasting industry 无线电广播事业：He got a job in radio.他在广播电台找到了份工作．4 on the radio a（ofa sound） broadcast（指声音）广播：I heard it on the radio.我在无线电广播中听到了这件事.b（ofa person） broadcasting（指人）播音：John was on the radio again today.约翰今天又播音了.

transistor radio [C] a radio set which works by means of transistors［→H212］电晶体收音机；晶体管收音机

wireless (set) /'waələs (set)/ [C] old use a radio（set）无线电；无线电收音机

K59 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：

photography and cameras 摄影术与摄影机

[ALSO→G214]

photograph /'fəutəgra:f/ 1 [C] a picture made by light passing through a curved piece of glass (a lens) onto a specially prepared surface （a film）照片：He took some photo-graphs of the family．他拍了几张那家人的照片．2［T1］ to take a photograph of为···拍照；拍摄：He photographed the whole family.他给全家拍了照.photo［C］infml abbrev a photograph 照片photography [U] the art, business, etc of taking photographs 摄影术；摄影业 photo-graphic(al) [Wa5; B] of, concerning, or like photography or photographs 摄影（术）的；摄影用的；摄影般的photographer［C］a person who takes photographs，esp for money（职业）摄影师；摄影者

snap /snæp/ infml 1 [T1] to take a quick photo-graph of （someone or something）用快照拍摄： He snapped the child as she ran towards him. 小孩向他跑来时，他给她拍了张快照．2［C］also又作 snapshot a photograph 快照：Would you like to see our holiday snaps？你想看看我们度假时拍的快照吗？

camera/'kæmərə/ [C] an apparatus of various sizes used for taking photographs 照相机；摄影机：He has two cameras.他有两架摄影机.Somecameras take only one picture at a time; others can take a continuous set of pictures, to make a film.有些摄影机一次只可拍一张照片；有些摄影机可连续拍摄照片，成为一部影片.Thecamera crew (= the people using a very large camera) began to film (= take pictures of)the actors.摄制组开始给演员们拍片.Televisioncameras are different fromcinecameras.电视摄像机有别于电影摄影机.cameraman ［C］aman whose work it is to take films with large cameras， esp for the cinema or television（电影、电视等的）摄影师

film/film/1[U;(C)](a roll of) the smooth,flat material on which photographic pictures are made，esp for the cinema 胶卷；软片：He had no film in his camera.他照相机里没有胶卷了.She bought some special fast film for her new camera.她为新相机买了一些特别的快速感光胶卷.2 [C] a continuous roll or reel of film,esp as

K70 DRAMA 戏剧

shown in a cinema or on television（一盘、一卷）影片：He put the film in the projector.他将影片放入放映机．3［T1］ to take a film of（some-thing）把···摄成电影；拍摄：They filmed the whole game.他们将整个比赛摄了下来.

screen/skri:n/1 [C] the flat smooth surface on which a film is shown （projected）（电影、幻灯的）银幕：He put up the screen in the corner of the room.他将银幕挂在屋角.Cinemas havevery large， wide screens.电影院里的银幕又大又宽．2 ［C］ the part of a television set on which the picture appears（电视的）荧光幕；屏幕3［A；the R］ the cinema or film business 电影；电影业：She＇s a great star of stage and screen／a great screen star.她是一位舞台剧和电影的大明星／一位电影大明星．4［T1］to show orput on a screen 放映（电影、幻灯片等）：Whenwill the new film be screened？新影片何时放映？ project/prə'd3ekt/[T1] to send out (a film, light，etc） onto a screen，etc 投射（电影、光线等）；放映：The film was projected onto a white wall, not a screen, but the piture was still nice and clear.电影在白墙上放映，而不是在银幕上，但画面仍然清晰好看.projection［U］the actof projecting （a film）放映 projector［C］ the machine which sends out the pictures of a film onto a screen，etc（电影、幻灯片等的）放映机；投影机 projectionist［C］ the person who works the projector 电影放映员；放映机操作者darkroom /'da:k,ru:m/ [C] the room without

ordinary daylight in which photographic film is developed 冲洗相片的暗室

develop /dr'veləp/ [T1] to treat (a film,etc) with chemicals so as to make a picture appear 显（影）；冲洗：Has he developed the photos yet？ 他把照片冲洗出来了吗？developer［C；U］ thesubstance used in developing films 显影剂（液） negative /'negətiv/ [C] a kind of film having

light where dark should be and dark where light should be, from which positive prints can be made 底片

print /print/1 [T1] to make (a photograph) on paper from a negative film 印（照片）2［C］ such a photograph 正片；照片：These are good prints.这些照片印得很好.

enlarge /in'la:d3/ [T1] to make a large print of （a picture） from a negative film 放大（照片） enlarger [C] the machine which makes prints of varying size from negative film 放大机enlargement ［C］ an enlarged photograph 放大的照片

Drama, the theatre, and show business

戏剧、剧院与表演业

K70 nouns 名词：entertainment and show business 娱乐与表演业

[ALSO→G214,K1,2]

entertainment/,entə'temmənt/ [C; U] (a) pub-

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K71 DRAMA 戏剧

lic amusement 公众娱乐：A cinema is a place of entertainment.电影院是娱乐场所.There are very few evening entertainments in Litle Tittering.在小铁脱林，晚上娱乐活动很少.

show business [U] the business of perform-ing; the job of people who work in television, films，the theatre，etc 表演业；从事电视、电影、戏剧工作的人的工作或职业

show biz ［（in） U］ infml show business 表演业

films ／filmz／ ［P］ also 又作 cinema／＇sinəmə／ [(the) R] (the business of making or showing) moving pictures 电影业

screen／skri：n／［（the） R］ films or television 电影或电视业：She is one of the greatest screen performers.她是影视巨星之一.

stage /steid3/ [(the) R] the business of per-forming in the theatre 戏剧；演剧：She has done this on the stage as well as on television. 她在舞台上和电视里都演过这出戏.He is a star ofstage，screen，and radio.他是戏剧界、电影界和广播界的明星.It was his greatest stage perform-ance.这是他最出色的舞台演出.

K71 nouns 名词：theatre and drama 戏剧

[ALSO→K75]

theatre BrE, theater AmE/'θrətə/1 [(the) U] the work or activity of people who write or act in plays 戏剧：He is interested in the modern Russian theatre.他对俄罗斯现代戏剧感兴趣.Some books, though very interesting to read, do not make good theatre.有些剧本虽然读起来引人入胜，但舞台效果不好．2［C9］（fig）a sceneof important military events 战区；战场：He was reading about the Pacific theatre of World War II.他在阅读有关第二次世界大战太平洋战区的材料.Poland has often been a theatre of war.波兰常常成为战场.

repertory /'repə,təri/ [U] the practice of giving several plays, with the same company of actors and in the same theatre, one after the other on different days（剧团或剧院）定期换演相同演员演出的不同剧目：He got a job in reper-tory.他在一个常换剧目但不换演员的剧团找到了工作.This is a repertory theatre／company.这是一个时常更换剧目但不换演员的剧院／剧团.

rep／rep／［U］infml repertory （theatre）定期换演相同演员演出的不同剧目；时常更换剧目但不换演员的剧院

acting /'ækti/ [U] the art of representing a character，esp on a stage or for a film 演技

drama /'dra:mə/1 [C] a serious work of litera-ture intended for theatrical presentation 剧本： He is writing a new drama.他在写一个新剧本.2［（the） U］ plays 戏剧：What do you think of modern American drama？你觉得现代美国戏剧怎么样？Which do you like better-music or （the） drama？音乐和戏剧你比较喜欢哪一样？3[U9] (fig) a group of events concerning forces in opposition to each other 戏剧性事件：The drama of international politics interests her. 国际政治的戏剧性事件引起她的兴趣.

melodrama /'melə,dra:mə/1 [C; U] a (type of)

play which is too exciting to be believable, with sudden changes and events which are meant to have a strong effect 通俗闹剧（一种煽情而不真实，一味追求强烈效果的戏剧）；情节剧2[C](fig) any very exciting event which causes strong feeling or interest 引起轰动的事件：The argument between the neighbours provided a little melodrama in the street.邻居的争吵在街头引起了小小的轰动.

(amateur) theatricals /('æmə,tfuə) θr'ætrıkalz/ [P] stage performances, esp as done by amateurs（尤指业余性的）舞台演出

dramatics /drə'mætıks/ [U; (P)] 1 the study or practice of theatrical arts such as acting 戏剧学；舞台艺术；演技2 often deprec dramatic［→K77］ behaviour or expression 戏剧性的举动、表情：No more dramatics， please， Johnny； just give us the facts.请别装腔作势了，约翰尼；把实情告诉我们吧.

play-acting /'pler,æktrg/ [U] pretending;be-having with an unreal show of feeling 假装；矫饰：It＇s just play-acting；don＇t believe him.他只是在演戏，别信他.

K72 nouns 名词：theatres，cinemas，

nightclubs，etc［C］戏院、电影院、夜总会等

theatre BrE, theater AmE /'θrətə/ a special building or place for the performance of plays 戏院；剧场；剧院

cinema/'sınəmə/ BrE, movie theater AmE a special building or place for showing moving pictures 电影院［→G214］

music hall a special building or place with a stage where performances of singing, dancing, etc are given 音乐厅；歌舞厅

nightclub /'nait,klab/ a restaurant open late at night where people may drink, dance, and see a show夜总会

circus /'s3:kəs/ [often cap] 1 a group of per-formers who travel from place to place with their act, earning money by performing for the public 马戏团：The circus is in town.马戏团来城里演出了：2 a public performance by such a group, with various acts of skill and daring by people and animals 马戏表演：Let＇s go to the circus．我们看马戏表演去．3 a tent-covered place with seats for the public round a ring in the middle, in which this performance takes place 马戏场 4（fig） deprec a noisy badly behaved meeting or other such activity 吵闹而粗野的集会或活动：The party meeting was a realcircus which any civilized politician should have avoided.那次党的会议简直糟透了，任何一个有教养的政界人物都该避免出席．5（in AncientRome) a round or four-sided space sur-rounded by seats for the public in which sports，races， etc，took place（古罗马的）竞技场funfair／＇fan，feə／also 又作 fair／feə／BrE， amuse-ment park／ə＇mju：zmənt ，pa：k／also 又作 carni-val/'ka:nəvəl/ AmE a noisy brightly lit show which,for small charges, offers big machines

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to ride, competitions to enter, games of skill to attempt,etc, esp one that moves from town to town（尤指在各地巡回流动的）游乐场；游艺会；游乐集市

K73 nouns 名词：shows and

performances［C］演出

show /fəu/1 not fml a performance,esp in a theatre or nightclub or on radio or television （尤指剧院、夜总会、电台、电视）演出；节目：Whattelevision shows do you usually watch？你通常观看什么电视节目？Let＇s go out and see a show，or perhaps a film．我们出去看场演出或电影吧．2a public showing; a collection of things for looking at.展览（会）：Let＇s go to the car show. 我们看汽车展览去.She put on a one-womanshow of her paintings.她举办了自己的个人画展.

act/ækt/ one of a number of short events per-formed for a theatre，circus，etc（戏的）一幕； （马戏、杂耍中的）一场表演：When can she doher act？她什么时候能上场？The next act will bea snake charmer！下一个节目是耍蛇人的表演！

turn /t3:n/ not fml an act, esp one among a number coming after each other 节目；剧目： The snake charmer was one of the best turns in the show.耍蛇人的表演是演出中最精彩的节目之一.

performance /pə'fo:məns/ an occasion of per-forming anythìng 演出；表演：They give two full performances every day. 他们每天演足两场.That was one of her best performances！那是她最拿手的表演之一！The first performance ofthe play takes place next month.这出戏的首次演出将于下月举行.

stunt /stant/ infml an act or action done in order to get attention, for special effect, because it is dangerous，etc 惊险表演；特技：He used to do circus stunts.他以前一直表演马戏特技.

routine /ru:'ti:n/ a set of steps learnt and prac-tised by a dancer for public performance（跳舞者为公开表演而排练的）一套舞步：She does agood little dance routine.她的小舞步跳得不错.

curtain call the appearance of actors and ac-tresses at the end of a performance to be ap-plauded 谢幕：They liked her so much， she had three curtain calls！他们十分喜欢她，她不得不谢幕三次！

K74 nouns 名词：kinds of cabaret，etc 餐馆里的歌舞表演等

cabaret/'kæbə,ret/1 [U;C]a performance of music and dancing while guests in a restau-rant have a meal 餐馆（酒吧间）里的歌舞表演2[C] a restaurant that presents such perfor-mances 有歌舞表演的餐馆（酒吧间）

floor show [C] infml a cabaret performance （夜总会或餐厅里的）歌舞表演

variety／və＇rarəti／， also 又作 vaudeville／＇vo：də-,vIl/ AmE [U] a kind of theatre or television

K75 DRAMA 戏剧

show in which a number of amusing short performances are given (such as singing, music, dancing, acts of skill, telling jokes,etc) （戏院或电视演出中音乐、舞蹈、杂耍等的）综合表演；综艺节目：He works in variety as a singer. 他的职业是在综合表演中唱歌.She＇s a varietyactress.她是综合表演节目中的女演员.His vaude-ville act is singing and telling jokes.他在综合表演中担任的节目是唱歌和说笑话.

striptease /'strip,ti:z/[U;C] (an) entertain-ment,esp in cabaret, where a woman takes off her clothes slowly, usu while dancing to music 脱衣舞

K75 nouns 名词：kinds of drama 戏剧的种类

[ALSO→K71,77]

tragedy/'træd3ədi/ 1 [C] a serious play that ends sadly 悲剧：＇Hamlet＇ is one of Shake-speare＇s best known tragedies.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最负盛名的悲剧之一．2［U］such playsconsidered collectively 悲剧性作品：a writer of tragedy 悲剧作家3［U］ the branch of the theatre dealing with such plays 悲剧类戏剧4［C；U］ a terrible， unhappy， or unfortu-nate event 惨事；惨案；灾难；不幸： Their holiday ended in tragedy when their hotel caught fire. 他们的假期以旅馆失火而不幸告终.The accidentwas a terrible tragedy；they all died.这是一次极其悲惨的事故；他们全部罹难.

comedy/'komədi/1 [C] a funny play,film,or other work in which the story and characters are amusing and which ends happily 喜剧（戏剧、电影等。This play is the funniest comedy I＇ve seen in a long time.这出戏是我很久以来所看过的最为有趣的喜剧．2［U］ the branch of thetheatre or film industry intended to amuse people with such plays or films 喜剧类戏剧： The actor liked working in comedy because he loved to make people laugh.这个演员喜欢演喜剧，因为他喜欢引人发笑．3［C；U］ an event，activity, or type of behaviour in real life that is funny or amusing 喜剧性事件、活动或行为：Itwas a comedy to watch Father painting the wall．看父亲油漆墙壁真是滑稽．4［U］ the amus-ing quality of a play，film，person，etc（戏剧、电影、人等的）喜剧性：I like Shakespeare＇s comedy even in his serious plays.我喜欢莎士比亚的喜剧性，即使在他严肃的剧本中也一样.

tragicomedy /,træd3r'kpmədi/ [C; U] (a) mix-ture of tragedy and comedy 悲喜剧

farce/fa:s/1 [C] a light humorous play full of ridiculous situations 笑剧；闹剧；滑稽戏2［U］ the branch of theatrical writing concerned with this type of play 笑剧（戏剧写作的一个分支）3 ［C］an occasion or series of events that is a ridiculous and empty show 荒唐可笑的事： The discussions were a farce since the minis-ter had already made the decision.讨论是一场闹剧，因为部长早已作出了决定.

slapstick /'slæp,stık/ [U] humorous acting that depends on fast violent action and simple

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K76 DRAMA 戏剧

jokes 粗俗滑稽表演；靠打打闹闹引人发笑的闹剧

burlesque /b3:'lesk/ [C; (U)] acting, speech, or writing in which a serious thing is made to seem foolish or a foolish thing treated sol-emnly so as to make people laugh 滑稽剧；讽刺剧；讽刺性的演说（或文章等）

mime /maim/ 1 [C; U] an act or the action of using actions to show meaning, as for amuse-ment,when one cannot speak a language,etc 哑剧；默剧：The children were doing some mimes from the story they'd just read, and asking us to guess what each one meant.孩子们正用动作表演他们刚读过的故事，并要我们猜出每一动作的意思.I couldn＇t speak Chinese， but I showed in mime that I wanted a drink.我不会说中文，但我用动作表示要喝酒．2［C］（in ancientGreece and Rome) a type of simple theatrical play in which the actors made fun of real people and real events（古希腊与罗马嘲弄真人真事的）笑剧

charade/fə'ra:d/ [C] an act or position which is easily seen to be false or foolish 显然错误或愚蠢的行为或立场：Isn＇t it a charade for them topretend not to know what has happened？他们装作不知道发生了什么事，这不是很荒唐吗？charades [U] a game in which words are acted by players, often part (= syllable) by part， until guessed by other players 一种以动作表演作提示的猜字游戏（以动作表演暗示一词中的每一音节，然后让参加游戏者猜出该词）：Let＇s playcharades；it＇s my favourite game.我们来玩猜字游戏吧；这是我最喜欢的游戏.

K76 nouns 名词：plays and sketches 戏剧与短剧

play /plei/[C] 1 a piece of writing to be per-formed，esp in a theatre 剧本：He has written a new play．他写了一个新剧本．2 a performanceof this 戏剧；话剧：We＇ve been to several plays this month． 这个月我们已看过好几出戏了．3aprinted copy of this 印成书的剧本：She bought the plays of Shakespeare.她买了莎士比亚的戏剧集.

sketch ／sketf ［C］ a short informal play 短剧：The performance included some funny sketches.这次演出中有一些滑稽短剧.

revue /rr'vju:/1 [C] a light theatrical show with songs and dances but no story, which usually contains jokes about the events and fashions of the moment（有小型歌舞的）时事讽刺剧2［U］ this kind of show 演出时事讽刺剧：She＇sbeen appearing/performing a lot in revue lately.她近来常演出时事讽刺剧.

K77 adjectives 形容词：relating to the theatre and drama［B］与戏剧有关的

[ALSO→K71,75]

theatrical /θi'ætrikal/1 [Wa5] of, related to, or for the theatre 剧场的；戏剧的：theatrical per-formances 舞台演出；a theatrical company 剧团

2 (of behaviour, manner, a person, etc) showy；not natural（指行为、姿势、人等的）炫耀的；夸张的；演戏似（不自然）的；戏剧性的-ly［advWa4]

dramatic /drə'mætik/1 [Wa5] of or related to the drama（def 2） 戏剧的：He enjoys the dramatic arts．他喜欢戏剧艺术．2（fig）exciting 戏剧性的；令人兴奋的；使人激动的：the dramaticevents of international politics 国际政治的戏剧性事件3 catching and holding the imagination by unusual appearance or effects（以不寻常的外表或效果）惹人注目的：She plays a very dra-matic woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.她扮演一位引人注目的女子，眼睛闪闪发亮，身穿一件长长的黑衣服．-ally ［adv Wa4］

melodramatic /,melədrə'mætik/ exciting in effect, often too much so to be thought real 惊人的（常夸张得令人难以置信的）：That＇s avery melodramatic statement; you know you wouldn＇t really do that！那是故作惊人之语；你知道你不会真的这样做！The neighbours startedthrowing things at one another and when the police arrived a very melodramatic scene met their eyes.邻居们开始向对方扔东西，警察赶到时，出现在他们眼前的是一个令人难以置信的场面.-ally [adv Wa4]

histrionic /,histri'pnik/ 1 [Wa5] concerning the theatre or acting 戏剧的；表演的 2 done orperformed in a theatrical way; not showing real feelings but pretended ones 演戏似的；有意做作的；不诚恳的：In spite of his histrionic de-mands,he won't mind if we decide to change the plan.别看他故意提出种种要求，即使我们决定更改计划，他也不会在意．-ally［adv Wa4］

comic/'komik/ of, relating to, or like comedy 喜剧的；滑稽的：He does a comic act in themusic hall.他在歌舞厅演滑稽节目.-ally ［advWa4]

tragic /'træd3ik/ 1 of, relating to, or like tragedy 悲剧的：He enjoys tragic plays like ＇Hamlet＇．他欣赏像《哈姆雷特》这一类的悲剧．2very sad 悲惨的；凄惨的：Her death in the car accident was tragic； she was only 18．她死于车祸太悲惨了，她才十八岁.I have only just heardthe tragic news.我刚听到这一悲惨的消息.-ally[adv Wa4]

farcical /'fa:sikal/ like a farce; ridiulously funny 闹剧似的；滑稽的；可笑的：He tried to beserious，but the evening was quite farcical.尽管他竭力想保持严肃，但那一晚确实太滑稽可笑了.-ly [adv Wa4]

K78 nouns 名词：production and rehearsal 制作与排演

production /prə'dakfən/ [C] a play, film, etc, esp as it is being produced (= written, made, prepared，filmed，etc）作品（指戏剧、电影等，尤指正在制作的）

rehearsal /rr'h3:səl/1 [C; U] the act or an oc-casion of rehearsing 排练；排演：This play will need a lot of rehearsal（s）.这出戏需要进行多次排练.The play is in rehearsal now. We＇ll meet

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after rehearsal.这出戏现在正在排练.等排完戏后我们再碰头．2［U］ the action of rehearsing or something rehearsed 排练过程；排练中的节目：The rehearsal of the parts will take all eve-ning.这几场戏需要花整个晚上去排练.

dress rehearsal [C] the last rehearsal of a play before its first official public performance 彩排：In a dress rehearsal， the actors wear the special clothes needed for the play, rather than ordinary clothes.彩排时，演员穿着戏装排演，而不是便服.

audition /o:'difən/ [C] a test performance re-quired of a singer, actor, etc, by the people from whom he or she hopes to get employ-ment（歌手、演员等求职时的）试唱；试演

K79 verbs 动词：playing and rehearsing 表演与排练

play/pler/ 1 [T1; L9] (of an actor or theatre group） to perform（指演员或剧团）表演；演出：He played Othello.他扮演奥赛罗.Othello was played by Olivier.奥赛罗由奥利维扮演.Olivier is playing in 'Othello' at the National Theatre. 奥利维正在国家大剧院演出《奥赛罗》.You shouldnot play the trial scene too slowly.审判这一场戏你们不应演得太慢.Last night they playedbefore the president．昨晚他们为总统演出．2［T1no pass] (of an actor or theatre group) to perform in（a certain town， theatre，etc）（指演员、剧团等）在（某地、某剧场等）演出：Next weekwe＇re playing New York.下星期我们将在纽约演出.

act/ækt/1 [T1; IØ] to represent (a part), esp on the stage 扮演（角色）；演出（戏）：Ólivier is acting（in）＇Othello＇tonight.奥利维今晚演《奥赛罗》．Is he acting tonight？他今晚演出吗？2［L1］ deprec to play the part of， as in a play 装扮出···的样子；装着：He is always acting the experienced man who has seen everything.他一向装成是一个见过世面、饱经沧桑的人.

star／sta：／1［IØ］to appear as a star［→K82］担任主角；主演：She starred with him in two films. 她和他一起主演过两部电影．2［T1］ to have as astar 由···担任主角：It＇s a film starring Sophia Loren.这是一部由索非亚·罗兰主演的影片.

produce /prə'dju:s/ [T1] to prepare(plays,etc) for public performance at the theatre or on television or the radio（为在剧院、电视台或电台公开演出）制作（戏剧等）：Who produced thatplay？那戏是谁制作的？

direct /də'rekt/ [T1; IØ] to control and be in charge of （the way a play，film，etc，is done）导演（戏剧、电影等）：Who directed that new Italian film？那部意大利新片是由谁导演的？

stage/steid3/ [T1] to put (a play, etc) on a stage ［→K70,91］，etc 把···搬上舞台；上演：They first staged the play in Birmingham,then took it to London.他们首先在伯明翰上演这出戏，然后拿到伦敦去上演.

rehearse/rr'h3:s/1 [IØ; T1] a to learn and prac-tise（something） for later performance 排练；排演：They rehearsed the play.他们排演这出戏.

K80 DRAMA 戏剧

The actors were rehearsing in the tent.演员在帐篷里排演.bto cause （someone） to do this 使排练：She rehearsed the musicians.她让乐师们进行排练．2［T1］to tell fully （events or a story） 详述（事件或事情经过）：He rehearsed （the storyof） all his sufferings in prison.他详述他在狱中所遭受的一切苦难.

perform /pə'fo:m/ 1 [IØ; T1] to act in (a play, etc）演出；表演：He performed well as Othello. 他扮演奥赛罗很出色.He performed （the partof）Othello well.奥赛罗（这一角色）他演得很成功．2［IØ］ to act，sing，play music，etc，before other people 演出；演唱；演奏：Who is per-forming next？接下去该谁表演？They performed every day for a month.他们天天演出达一个月之久.

prompt/prompt/ [T1; IØ] to give (an actor,etc) the next word to be said 为（演员等）提词：Heforgot his lines several times and needed prompting.他几次忘了台词，需要提词.Wouldyou prompt for us please？请你给我们提词好吗？cue in [v adv T1b] to give (someone) a sign to be ready to do something 给（某人）暗示；提示：The director will cue you in when it's your turn to sing.轮到你唱时，导演会给你暗示的.

audition/o: dıfən/1 [T1; IØ] to cause (someone) to give an audition 让（某人）试演：We＇re audi-tioning(them) for parts in the play tomorrow. 我们明天让（他们）试演剧中几个角色．2［IØ］togive an audition 试演： I＇m auditioning for a part in the play tomorrow, and I hope I get it! 我明天要试演剧中的一个角色，希望我能得到这角色！

cast/ka:st/[T1 (as)] to give (an actor) a par in a play 选派···扮演角色：He has been cast asOthello.他被选中扮演奥赛罗.

typecast/'tip,ka:st/ [Wv5; T1 (as)] to cast (an actor) as the same kind of character [■K84] all the time 使演定型角色；总为（演员）分配同一类型的角色：He has played a policeman so often he has become typecast.他老是演警察，所以已经被定型了.

K80 nouns 名词：parts of plays，etc［C］ 戏剧的各部分等

act／ækt／ （in a play） a main division（戏剧的）一幕：They all die in the last act （of the play）.他们在（戏的）最后一幕全部死去.

scene/si:n/1 (in a play) any of the divisions, often within an act, during which there is no change of place（戏剧的）一场：It happens in Hamlet，act 3， scene 1．这事情发生在《哈姆雷特》的第三幕第一场．2（in a film，broadcast，etc）a single piece of action in one place（电影、广播等的一场）戏；（一组）镜头：In the first scene hekills his wife．在开头一场戏里，他把妻子杀了．3the background for (part of) the action of a play；set 布景；场景；道具布置：He is a scene-painter.他是布景画师.The scene is the English court in 1685．布景是1685年的英国宫廷．This isa play with few scene changes.这出戏很少更换布景.

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K81 DRAMA 戏剧

climax /'klaimæks/ (in a play, book, film, etc) the most interesting and important part, usu near the end（小说、戏剧、电影等的）高潮

anticlimax /æntr'klaimæks/ often humor a sudden change from something noble, seri-ous, exciting, etc, to something foolish, unim-portant, or uninteresting, esp in a play,book, etc 反高潮；高潮突降（指演戏或书籍中从高尚、严肃、令人振奋的事情突然转入愚蠢、不重要、乏味的事情）

denouement /der'nu:mpn/ Fr the end of a story when everything comes out right or is explained（小说、戏剧的）结局

finale/fr'na:li/ the last scene of an opera[ K21] or division of a long formal piece of music（歌剧的）最后一场；（音乐的）终曲

K81 nouns 名词：scripts and cues 脚本与提示

script／skript／［C］ the written form of a play（戏剧、电影）脚本（尤指原稿）：I need a script；Iwant to learn my part.我需要脚本；我要背台词.

part/pa:t/[C]the words and actions of an actor in a play；a written copy of these（戏中演员的） 台词和动作；台词脚本：I＇ve left my part on thestage.我把脚本忘在舞台上了.

lines/lainz/ [P] infml the part or words a particular actor has to learn 台词：Have you learnt your lines yet？你把台词背出来了吗？

scenario /sı'na:rı,əu/ [C] 1 a written descrip-tion of the action to take place in a film, play, etc（电影、戏剧等的）剧本提纲；剧情梗概：Thescenarios are very well done．剧情编得很好．2 (fig) a description of a possible course of action or events 对行动或事件可能的过程的描述：He presented a fearful scenario of atomic war.他描绘了核战争的可怕景象.

prompt/prompt/[C] words spoken to remind an actor of his next words when he has forgot-ten（对演员的）提白；提词：The people sittingin the front row of the theatre could hear the prompts quite clearly.坐在剧院前排的人可以十分清楚地听见给演员的提词.

cue/kju:/1 (esp in a play) a word, phrase, or action serving as a signal for the next person to speak or act 尾白；提示（指演出时暗示下一个人开始说话或动作的说话或动作）：The actormissed his cue and came onto the stage late. 那演员没留意对他的提示，所以上台晚了．2（fig）an example of how to behave, what to do,etc; a guiding standard（如何行动、做什么的）榜样take one's cue from infml to use the practice of (another person) as a standard for one's own actions 效法（他人）；以···榜样：Take your cue from here and work harder.学学这里的样子，工作卖力点.

K82 nouns 名词：actors，etc［C］演员等

actor /'æktə/ a person who acts in plays,etc, usu professionally（通常指职业性的）男演员

actress ／＇æktris／ a female actor（通常指职业性的）女演员

player ／＇pleiə／ esp old use an actor 演员

performer /pə'fo:mə/ a person who performs in a play，etc 表演者；演员

star /sta:/ [C] a famous actor, actress,singer, etc（电影、戏剧、唱歌等的）明星：She was one ofthe stars in that film.她是那部影片中的明星之一.stardom ［U］ the condition of being a star 明星地位：He reached stardom years ago.他多年前就当上明星了.film star［C］ a star in cin-ema films 电影明星：He＇s the son of a famous film star.他是一著名影星的儿子.superstar［C］a particularly great or famous star 超级明星starlet [C] an actress who is not yet a star but hopes to be（想成为女明星但还不够红的）小明星；准明星

understudy /'andə,stadi/ an actor or actress learning an important part in a play so' as to be able to take the place of the actor who plays that part if necessary（剧中主要角色的）候补演员；替角：The leading man is ill； call his understudy！演男主角的演员生病了，叫他的替角来！

stand-in /'stænd,in/ 1 a person who takes the part of an actor at certain important or dangerous moments in films（电影演员的）替身2 a person who takes the place or job of another for a time 在一段时间来代替另一个人的职位或工作的人

stunt man a person who does dangerous acts in a film so that the actor does not have to take risks（拍摄危险的镜头时做电影演员替身的）特技人 stunt woman［fem］

tragedian /trə'd3i:diən/ an actor who acts (only or often） tragedies［→K75］悲剧演员

ham (actor) /hæm ('æktə)/ a person, esp an actor， who acts unnaturally，wildly，etc 矫揉造作的人；表演生硬、过火的演员

leading man the main actor in a play 剧中的男主角

leading lady the main actress in a play 剧中的女主角

K83 nouns 名词：playwrights，etc［C］剧作家等

[ALSO →G172,209]

playwright／＇plei，rait／a writer of plays 剧作家

dramatist /'dræmətist/ a writer of plays,esp serious ones 剧作家（尤指严肃剧作家）

scriptwriter/'skript,rartə/ a writer of plays or other material to be spoken on radio or tele-vision or in a film 电影剧本作者；广播、电视节目撰稿者

producer /prə'dju:sə/1 a person who prepares a play for public performance at the theatre or on television or radio（戏剧、广播、电视节目的）制作人2 a person who is in general control of,and provides the money for, making a cinema film but who does not direct the actors（电影的）制片人；监制人

director /də'rektə/ a person who directs a play

734

or film, instructing the actors, cameraman, etc （戏剧、电影等的）导演

patron /'pertrən/ [(of)]1 a person or group that supports and gives money to a person, a group of people， or some worthy purpose 赞助（资助）人或团体：The writer＇s patron died，so he had to give up writing.该作家的资助人去世了，他不得不放弃写作．2 a person （esp one ofimportance) who takes an interest in and allows his or her name to be used in connec-tion with some group 因对某团体感兴趣而其名被借用者（尤指大人物）：The Queen is the patronof many societies.女王是众多团体的赞助人.

backer /'bækə/ usu not fml a person who provides money to help in the making of a play，film，etc（戏剧、电影等的）支持者；赞助人

critic /'kritık/ a person who esp professionally goes to plays, watches films, etc, and writes his or her opinion of them in a newspaper, magazine，etc（戏剧、电影等的）批评家；影评家；剧评家

reviewer /rr'vju:ə/ a critic who writes reviews, esp of plays and books, in newspapers, mag-azines，etc（尤指戏剧和书籍的）评论者；报刊评论家

K84 nouns 名词：role and cast 角色与演员阵容

role，also 又作 rôle／rəul／［C］ the part taken by someone in life or in any activity; esp the part of some particular actor in a play（剧中演员的） 角色；（人在生活或任何活动中的）职分；责任；（所起的）作用：Olivier played the role of Hamlet.奥利维演哈姆雷特的角色.She tried to fulfil herrole as a mother.她尽她做母亲的责任.

part/pa:t/[C] a character acted by an actor in a play；a role（剧中的）角色

character/'kæriktə/ [C] a person in a play, story，etc（小说、戏剧等的）人物、角色：Hamletand Othello are two of Shakespeare's greatest characters.哈姆雷特和奥赛罗是莎士比亚戏剧中两个最著名的角色.He is a character actor（＝he acts certain kinds of characters）.他是个性格演员.

cast／ka：st／［GC］ a set of actors in a play 演员阵容：Who are the cast？参加演出的有哪些人？Thefilm has a cast of thousands.该影片的参演演员有几千人.

dramatis personae /'dra:mətis pз:'səunai/1[P] the characters （or actors） in a play 剧中人；登场人物；（演某戏的）演员：The dramatis personae include Tom Lovewell, Old Sir Giles Tradewell, and Lady Wishfort.剧中人有汤姆·拉夫维尔、贾尔斯·特雷德维尔老爵士和维希福特夫人．2［（the）C usu sing] a list of these characters (or actors）剧中人物表；演员表：The dramatis personae appears on a board outside the theatre.剧中人物表贴在剧院外的广告牌上.

troupe/tru:p/ [GC] a company, esp of actors, dancers, singers, members of a circus [→K72], etc（演员、跳舞者、歌手等的）剧团；戏班；杂技团；马戏团 trouper［C］a member of a troupe（剧

K86 DRAMA 戏剧

团、杂技团、马戏团等的）演员；团员

hero/'hiərəu/ [C] the most important male part in a play，story，etc（戏剧、小说中的）男主角；男主人公

heroine/'herəumn/ [C] the most important fe-male part in a play，story，etc（戏剧、小说中的） 女主角；女主人公

villain /'vılən/ [C] (in old plays, films, and sto-ries) a man who is the (or a) main bad charac-ter（旧时戏剧、电影、小说等中的）反派角色；反面人物；坏人；恶棍：The villain carried off the pure young girl and tied her to the railway line.坏蛋抢走了纯洁的少女，把她绑在铁轨上.the villainof the piece infml often humor the person or thing to be blamed; the one that has caused all the trouble on some occasion 祸首；祸根（指引起事端的人或事物）：After listening to manydifferent accounts of how the accident happened, I think the villain of the piece was the car driver.听了关于事故怎样发生的种种陈述后，我认为罪魁祸首是汽车司机.

K85 nouns 名词：impresarios and comperes［C］经理人与节目主持人

impresario /,ımprı'sa:ri,əu/ the business mana-ger of a theatre company, or of a single famous performer（乐团、歌舞团等的）经理人；（一个名演员的）经理人

maestro /'maistrəu/ a great or famous per-former，musician，teacher，etc大师（尤指杰出的演员、音乐家、教师等）

compere/'kompeə/ esp BrE a person who in-troduces the various acts in a stage or tele-vision show（舞台剧或电视节目的）节目主持人（担任节目介绍等）；司仪

master of ceremonies esp AmE a compere 节目主持人；司仪

MC infml abbrev a master of ceremonies 节目主持人；司仪

ringmaster /'ri,ma:stə/ the man whose job is directing performances in the circus ring 马戏团领班；马戏团导演

K86 nouns 名词： comedians and clowns ［C］喜剧演员与小丑

comedian /kə'mi:diən/ 1 an actor who tells jokes or does amusing things to make people laugh， or acts in funny plays or films 喜剧演员2 infml a person who amuses others or tries to be amusing 丑角式的人物；行动滑稽的人

comic／＇komik／infml a comedian 喜剧演员：He＇s quite a comic，isn＇t he？他是个地道的喜剧演员，对吗？

clown /klaun/1 a performer, esp in the circus, who dresses funnily and tries to make people laugh by his jokes， tricks，or actions（尤指马戏团等的）小丑 2 deprec a person who continu-ally tells jokes or acts stupidly 常说笑话或行动滑稽的人

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K87 DRAMA 戏剧

K87 nouns，etc 名词等：humour 幽默

[ALSO→K2-3,75]

humour BrE,humor AmE /'hju:mə/ [U] 1 the quality of causing amusement 幽默： It is a play with no humour in it．这是一出缺乏幽默的戏．2the ability to be amused 幽默感：She has a good sense of humour.她很有幽默感.

joke/d3əuk/1 [C] anything said or done that causes laughter or amusement 笑话；玩笑：She told some very funny jokes.她讲了一些非常有趣的笑话．2［C］a person， thing， or event that is laughed at and not taken seriously 笑料；笑柄： That old car of his is a joke; it can hardly go at all．他那部老爷车成了笑话；简直开不动．3［［Ø］to say things that cause laughter or amuse-ment 开玩笑；说笑话：He was laughing and joking with them.他和他们一起说说笑笑.Don＇tbe upset；I was only joking.别生气；我只是开开玩笑罢了.make a joke to tell a joke 讲笑话；开玩笑 have a joke with someone to share a joke with someone 和某人说笑话（开玩笑）Idon't see the joke I don't understand what is funny 我不懂有什么好笑 play a joke on some-one to do something to make other people laugh at someone 开某人的玩笑 the joke＇s on (someone) someone else has had the last laugh 玩笑开到了（某人）自己身上（指反被别人取笑）he can＇t take a joke he isn＇t amused when someone plays a joke on him 他开不起玩笑 no joke infml a serious or difficult matter 不是闹着玩的：War is no joke.战争可不是开玩笑的事.It was no joke carrying those heavy bags. 提那些沉重的包可不是闹着玩的.be／go beyond ajoke to be/become too serious or unpleasant to laugh at 玩笑开过了头：Some of his remarks were so nasty that they went beyond a joke.他说的某些话太下流了，玩笑开过了头.

gag／gæg／ ［C］ infml a joke or funny story 笑话； 有趣的故事；插科打诨

punch line [C usu sing] the last few words of a joke or story that give meaning to the whole and cause amusement or surprise 警句；妙语（笑话或故事的最后一句话，起画龙点睛作用，令人捧腹）：He＇s not very good at telling jokes； he always forgets the punch line.他不善于说笑话； 常常忘记关键的妙语.

K88 nouns 名词： acrobats and similar performers［C］杂技演员及类似的表演者

acrobat/'ækrə,bæt/ a person skilled in walking on ropes or swinging between ropes high in the air, balancing, walking on hands, etc, as an entertainment，esp at a circus（尤指马戏团的） 杂技演员（如表演走钢丝、空中飞人等）acrobatic［B］ of or like an acrobat or acrobats 杂技的： They give a fine acrobatic performance/a performance of acrobatic skill.他们作精彩的杂技表演／表演杂技．-ally［adv Wa4］

juggler/'d3aglə/ a person skilled in juggling(=

keeping several objects in the air at the same time by throwing them up quickly and catch-ing them again）玩杂耍的人（表演者用手不停地接住又抛出多个物件，使其不断地在空中飞舞）

ventriloquist /ven'trıləkwist/ a person who prac-tises ventriloquism (= the art of speaking or singing with little or no movement of the lips or jaws, in such a way that the sound appears to come from somewhere else) usu in the theatre to amuse the public 腹语术表演者

K89 nouns 名词：places in the circus 马戏场的各个部分

[ALSO→K72]

big top [the R] the large tent in which the per-formances in a circus are given 表演马戏的大帐篷

ring/ri/[C] the closed-in central space where things are shown or performances take place, as in a circus 圆形表演场地

trapeze /trə'pi:z/ [C] a level bar which can swing on two ropes and is used by acrobats in circuses，etc（空中飞人等表演用的）吊架；高空秋千

tightrope/'tait,rəup/ [C] a tightly stretched rope or wire, high above the ground, on which performers walk and do tricks（供杂技演员表演用的）绷紧的钢索（或绳索）；绷索

sideshow /'said,fəu/ [C] 1 a separate show at a fair or circus, typically with strange people (a sword swallower, bearded lady, etc) on view （马戏中的）穿插表演；杂要（如出现吞剑者、长胡子的女人等）2（fig）a usu amusing activity beside a more serious main one（通常有趣的）附属活动

K90 nouns 名词：puppets ［C］木偶

puppet/'papit/1 a wooden or cloth figure of a person or animal that is made to move by someone pulling wires or strings fixed to it （演木偶戏用的）木偶2 also 又作 glove puppet acloth figure of a person or animal with a hollow inside into which the hand is put to move the figure（套在手上表演的）布袋木偶3[C9;A] (fig) often deprec a person or group that is controlled and directed by the will of someone else 受他人操纵的人或团体；傀儡：Thechief director has no power in this firm;he's only a puppet of the family that owns the firm.那位董事长在公司里根本没有权力；他只不过是拥有该公司的那个家族的傀儡罢了.They arejust a puppet government; they have no real power.他们仅仅是一个傀儡政府；他们根本没有实权.

puppeteer/papr'trə/ a person who performs with puppets 操纵木偶的人；演木偶戏的人

marionette ／，mærrə＇net／ Fr a puppet（def 1）（提线）木偶

puppet show a performance by a puppeteer 木偶戏

736

K91 nouns，etc 名词等：the stage，etc，in a theatre 戏院里的舞台等

stage/steid3/ [C] the raised area in a theatre, hall， etc，where actors， singers， etc，perform 舞台：He stood alone on the stage.他独自站在舞台上．［K70］

set /set/ [C] 1 something built and provided with furniture, scenery, etc, to represent the scene of the action of a play（舞台）布景2a place (of this kind or in natural surroundings) where a film is acted 拍电影的地方（场景或外景）：Everyone must be on the set ready to begin filming at 10 o＇clock．所有的人必须进入场地，准备好十点开始拍片.

scenery/'si:nəri/ [U] the set of painted back-grounds and other articles used on a theatre stage 舞台布景

backcloth ／＇bæk-kloθ／ also 又作 backdrop /'bæk,drpp/ [C] 1 a painted cloth hung across the back of a stage（舞台后部的）背景幕2（fig）things happening behind or around someone's action，etc 背景：The stormy political events of the 1930s formed a backdrop to the story of their love.二十世纪三十年代政治上的多事之秋成了他们爱情故事的背景.

upstage /,Ap'steid3/ [adv] at or towards the back of the stage 在戏台后方；朝着戏台后方

downstage /,daun'steid3/ [adv] at or towards the front of the stage 在戏台前方；朝着戏台前方

backstage /,bæk'steid3/ [Wa5] 1 [adv] behind the stage in a theatre, esp in (to) the dressing rooms of the actors 在（或往）后台（尤指演员化妆室）：He took me backstage after the per-formance．演出后，他把我带到后台．2［adv］（fig） in secret 私下；秘密地：That＇s what they say， but who knows what really goes on back-stage？他们说是这样说的，不过谁知道他们背地里搞些什么鬼？3 ［B］ of or about the private lives of theatre people（关于戏剧界人物）私生活的；秘而不宣的；台后的：She wrote ＇Backstage Wife＇， the story of the wife of a famous actor loved by thousands of women.她写了《后台太太》讲的是一位名演员的妻子的故事，该演员为千万女人所爱慕.

dressing room [C] a room behind the stage in a theatre where an actor can get ready for his or her performance, wash and change after-wards，etc化妆室

wings/wiz/[P] (either of) the sides of a stage, where an actor is hidden from view 舞台两侧（演员在此处不为观众所见）

curtain /'k3:tn/ [C] a sheet of heavy material drawn or lowered across the front of the stage in a theatre 幕：As the curtain rises a dead body is seen on the stage.幕启后，看到台上有一具尸体.Slowly everyone leaves the stage and the curtain falls.所有人都慢慢下场，幕随之而落.

footlights /'fut,larts/ [P]1 a row of lights aong the front of the floor of a stage at the theatre, to show up the actors 脚光；舞台上的脚灯2（fig） acting in the theatre 舞台生涯：She＇s always longed for the footlights (= wanted to

K92 DRAMA 戏剧

become an actress）.她一直渴望当演员.

spotlight/'sppt,lait/1 [C] (a bright round area of light made by) a lamp with a movable narrow beam（舞台）聚光灯；聚光灯照明圈；射光圈：The spotlight followed the performer around the stage.聚光灯的光圈跟随着演员在舞台上转动．2［the R］（fig） public attention 公众注意中心：She was in the political spotlight this week.本周她成了公众瞩目的政治人物.He wantsa quiet life out of the spotlight.他想过一种不为人们所注意的安静生活.

orchestra pit [C] the space in the front of a theatre where musicians sit and play during a （musical）play（剧场舞台前乐队演奏的）乐池

trap(door) /træp(do:)/ [C] a small door, cover-ing an opening in the floor or a roof, but esp on a stage（舞台等的）地板门；活板门；（房顶的）活动天窗

K92 nouns 名词： other parts of a theatre 戏院的其他部分

box office also ticket office[C] the place just inside the entrance to a theatre, etc, where people can buy tickets for a performance（戏院等的）票房；售票处

foyer/'forei/ [C] the hall at the entrance to a theatre，hotel，etc（戏院、旅馆等的）门厅；休息处；入口大堂

aisle/ail/[C] the way between the seats in a theatre，church，etc（教堂、戏院等座位间的）走廊；通道

row/rəu/ [C] a neat line of seats for people side by side（戏院等座位的）一排：Our tickets arefor row F at the theatre.我们的票子在戏院F排.

stalls/sto:lz/ [(the) P] BrE, orchestra/'o:kistrə/ [(the) C] AmE 1 the seats in a theatre, cin-ema,etc,on the ground floor and usu nearer the stage（戏院、电影院等的）正厅前座：We haveseats in the front／back stalls.我们的座位在正厅的前几排／后几排．2 the people sitting there 前座观众

pit/pit/[(the) C]1 the seats at the back of the ground floor of the theatre（戏院的）正厅后座2 the people sitting there 后座观众

balcony /'bælkəni/ [(the) C] 1 the part of a theatre,cinema, etc, where people can sit above the ground floor（戏院、电影院的）楼座2the people sitting there 楼座观众

circle /'s3:kəl/ [(the) C] 1 one of the upper parts in a theatre, cinema, etc, in which the seats are arranged in part of a circle across the building（座位排成弧形的）中层楼座2 thepeople sitting there 楼座观众

gallery /'gæləri/ [(the) C] 1 the highest upper floor in a theatre 顶层楼座 2 the people who sit in the seats in the gallery, which are the cheapest in the house（坐在票价最低的）顶层楼座的观众

gods／gpdz／［the＋GU］ infml the gallery 顶层楼座；顶层楼座的观众

box/bpks/[C] a small room or enclosed space

737

K100 SPORTS ＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

in a theatre, at either side, from which a small group of people can watch a play（戏院的）包厢

Sports and games generally

运动与比赛（总称）

K100 nouns 名词：athletics and

gymnastics 运动与体操

athletics/æθ'letiks/ [U] the practice of bodily exercises and of sports demanding strength and speed， such as running and jumping 体育运动（尤指跑、跳等要求体力和速度的田径竞赛）

sports /spo:ts/ [P; A often cap] a meeting for athletics 运动会：Are you going to the School Sports？你去参加学校运动会吗？He did well onSports Day last year.他在去年运动会上成绩出色.

games/geimz/1 [U] a school subject, including the playing of team games and other forms of bodily exercise 体育（课）2［P usu cap］ an oc-casion or occasions when people take part in athletics，etc 运动会：The Olympic Games were held in Seoul in 1988.1988 年奥林匹克运动会在汉城举行.

gymnastics/d3im'næstiks/ [U] the art of train-ing the body by means of certain exercises, esp in a gymnasium［→K140］体操

exercise /'eksə,sarz/ [U; C] movements of the body, games, etc, which are done esp to make one strong，healthy，etc 运动；锻炼；体操：He does his morning exercises before he has breakfast.他在早饭前做早操.Are these exercises good for you？这种体操对你有好处吗？You needmore exercise； why don＇t you buy a bicycle？你需要多运动，为什么不买一辆自行车呢？

keep fit [U;A] actions which are meant to keep one healthy and strong （fit）健身运动：He does a lot of keep fit／keep fit exercises.他做大量的健身操.She goes to a keep fit class one evening a week.她每星期有一个晚上去上健身课.

aerobics /,eə'rəubıks/ [U] a form of very active physical exercise which is usu done in a class with music and is intended to strengthen the heart and lungs 增氧健身法（锻炼心肺功能的一种体育运动，多以上课的形式进行，并配以音乐）；气健术：She goes toldoes aerobics twice a week.她一星期练两次气健术.

K101 verbs 动词：running，jumping，etc 跑、跳等

[ALSO→M19]

run/ran/1 [IØ] to move on one's legs at a speed faster than walking 跑；奔跑：The children ran to meet her．孩子们跑过去迎接她．2［T1］to

cover （a distance） in this way 跑（一段距离）： He ran a mile in four minutes.他四分钟跑了一英里．3［T1；IØ］ to take part in （athletics，a race，etc） in this way 参加（赛跑）：They ran races in the park. 他们在公园里赛跑.He ranagainst them in the race．他和他们赛跑．4［T1］ to cause （an animal） to take part in a race 使（动物）参加赛跑：We won＇t run this horse in any races this season.本季赛马我们不让这匹马参加任何比赛．5［T1］to cause （a race） to hap-pen 举行（赛跑）：The bicycle race will be run in Holland next year.明年自行车赛将在荷兰举行.

jump /d3amp/1 [IØ] to go esp up in the air by pushing off the ground with the feet 跳；跃：He jumped up onto the wall. 他跳到墙上.She jumped six feet．她跳六英尺高．2［T1］to pass over by jumping 跳过；越过：The horse jumped the wall. 那匹马跃过墙.You can jump six feet easily．你能轻易地跳过六英尺．3［IØ］（fig）to rise or move suddenly 暴涨；急跳：Prices jumped last week. 上周物价猛涨. Her heart jumped with fear.她怕得心卜卜乱跳.

ride /raid/1 [T1; IØ (on)] to travel along, con-trolling and sitting on (a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle）骑（马、自行车、摩托车等）：Can you ride a bicycle？ 你会骑自行车吗？I＇ll ride（on） your horse and you ride mine.我骑你的马，而你骑我的马．2［IØ］ to travel along controlling and sitting on a horse， for exercise and pleasure 骑马（锻炼或娱乐）：Teach the children to ride.教孩子骑马.We＇re going （horse-） riding on Saturday．我们星期六去骑马．3［L9］ to go(somewhere) controlling and sitting on (esp) a horse 骑马（骑车）（去某地）：We rode across the fields.我们骑马越过田野.He got on hisbicycle and rode slowly down the road.他跨上自行车，沿着这条路缓缓地骑走了．4［T1］to goalong, across, or all over (a place) on a horse 骑马穿越（某地）：He rides the borders／the ranges．他骑马穿过边境／牧场（猎场）．5［L9］（ofavehicle) to travel over a surface in the stated manner（指车辆）行驶：This car rides smoothly. 这汽车行驶起来很平稳．6［L1］ tech（of aprofessional rider in races (jockey)) to weigh when ready for racing（职业骑师出赛前）磅体重：George rides 115 pounds．乔治出赛前体重一百一十五磅．7［L7］（of a racetrack） to be （in a stated condition） for horse-racing（指赛马跑道）成某种（赛马时的）情况：The course will ridevery hard in this weather.这种天气下，跑道跑起来地十分硬.

race／reis／1［IØ；T1］to run a race（against）比赛； （与···）竞赛：She＇s a very good swimmer and often races.她是一名优秀游泳运动员，经常参加比赛.I＇ll race you to the end of the road.我和你赛跑，跑到路那一头为止．2［IØ］（of two or morepeople, vehicles, etc) to run a race aginst each other（人、车等）赛跑：Let＇s race！我们来赛跑！3［IØ，3；X9］ to（cause to） go （somewhere） very fast（使）疾走；（使）全速行进：He cameracing across the road. 他飞跑着穿过了马路.They raced to find a ladder.他们飞快跑去找一架梯子.We raced the sick woman to hospital.

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我们将生病的女人飞快送往医院.（fig）The holi-days raced by.假期很快就过去了.Her heart wasracing（with fear）.她的心（害怕得）在急剧地跳动．4 ［T1］ to cause （an animal or vehicle） to run a race 使（动物、车等）参加比赛：My horsehas hurt his foot so I can＇t race him.我的马脚部受伤，所以我不能让它参加比赛．［ALSO→K201］

swim/swim/1 [IØ] to move through water by moving limbs and／or tail 游泳；游：Some snakes can swim．某些蛇能游水．2［T1］ to cross or complete（a distance） by swimming 游过（一段距离）：She swam the 100 metres （race） faster than anybody else.她游一百米比任何人都快.[ALSO→K203]

shoot/ju:t/1 [T1; L9] to let fly with force (as a bullet，arrow，etc）发射（子弹、箭等）2［T1；IØ； （at）］ to fire（a weapon）开（枪、炮等）：He shot at a bird，but missed.他向鸟开枪，但未命中.With his bad eyes he can＇t shoot straight.他眼睛不行，打枪不准．3［L9］ to go fast or suddenly飞驰；飞快地移动；突然飞（喷、走）出：Blood shotout of the wound.血从伤口里喷射出来.He shotpast me in his fast car.他开着快车从我身边疾驶而过．4［T1；IØ］to kick，throw，etc，a ball aimed to make （a point） in a game（球类运动中）射门；投篮：He shot three goals in the last half of the match.他在比赛的下半场踢进了三球.He was ina good position to shoot.他的位置正好可以射门．5 ［Wv4；L9］ （of pain） to move fast along a nerve（指疼痛）刺痛；急痛；剧痛：Pain shotthrough his arm.他的手臂感到一阵刺痛.Itwasn＇t an ache but a shooting pain.这不是一般的疼痛，而是剧痛．6［T1；IØ］ to make a photo-graph or film（of）拍电影；拍照：This film was shot in California.这部电影是在加利福尼亚拍摄的.The camera is set up for shooting.摄影机已经架起，可以开拍了．7［T1］to play（a game of，esp billiards，craps，pool，marbles）玩（撞球、掷骰子、落袋撞球、弹子等）：Let＇s shoot somelagame of pool．我们来打几盘／一盘落袋撞球．8［T1］ to pass quickly by or along （车、船等）飞速通过：He saw a car shooting traffic lights.他看见一部汽车飞速闯过交通灯.The boat was shoot-ing the rapids.船飞速通过急流.

K102 nouns 名词：games and

competitions 比赛

game /gemm/ [C] an occasion for playing a sport； a part of a set of such occasions（比赛中的）一局；一盘；一场：He watches every game that the team plays.该队的每场比赛他都看了.He won the first two games but lost the third. 他胜了前两局，但输了第三局.

match/mætf/[C] a game or spor event where teams or people compete 比赛；竞赛：He went to the football match.他去看足球赛.

competition / kompə'tifən/ 1 [U] the act of competing 比赛 （often in the phr in compe-tition with 与···比赛）：He was in competition with ten others,so he did well to win the race. 与他竞争的有十个人，因此为了赢得比赛，他作了很

K102 SPORTS ＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

大的努力．2［C］ a test of strength， skill， ability， etc（比赛力量、技巧、能力等的）赛会：My wifewon first prize in a cooking competition yesterday.我太太在昨天的烹调比赛中取得冠军.He took part in a beer-drinking competition. 他参加了啤酒竞喝比赛．3［U］ the strugles togain (an) advantage, profit, or success,from another or others 竞争：Competition between Britain and Germany helped to cause the First World War.英国与德国的竞争促使了第一次世界大战的爆发.There was keen compe-tition between the various teams fighting for first place.各队间竞争激烈，都想争夺第一名.Iscompetition good or bad for industry/educa-tion？竞争对工业／教育有益还是有害？4［（the）GU] the person or people against whom one competes 竞争对手：The players nervously wondered what sort of competition there'd be at the match.参赛者情绪紧张，不知在比赛中会碰上了什么样的对手.We may not be perfect，butat least we＇re better than the competition.我们或许并非无懈可击，但是至少要比对手强.

contest/'kontest/ [C] 1 a competition, esp one judged by a group of specially chosen judges （尤指有裁判的）比赛；竞赛：Who＇s judging thiscontest？这场比赛谁担任裁判？The Games werea contest between the best sportsmen in the country.这次运动会是国内运动员精英之间的一场角逐．2 a struggle or fight in which two or more people compete for victory 竞争（以夺取胜利）；争夺：It was a contest of skill.这是一场技术的竞赛.A contest developed for the position of minister of foreign affairs.一场外交部长职位的争夺战越演越烈.

tournament /'tuənəmənt/ [C] 1 a number of contests of skill between players,the winner of one contest playing the winner of another, until the most skilful is found 联赛；（参赛者须参与一系列赛事以争夺冠军的）比赛：The tennistournament was a great success.这次网球赛获得巨大成功．2 formerly a contest of courage and skill between noble soldiers on horses (knights) fighting with weapons which usu have the sharp edges covered（中古时代的）武士马上比武（大会）

challenge /'tfælind3/ 1 [C] an invitation to compete in a fight or competition 挑战：The prince accepted his enemy's challenge to fight. 王子接受了敌人的挑战．2［U］ the quality ofdemanding competitive action, interest, or thought 挑战性：The universe is full of chal-lenge．宇宙间充满了挑战．3［C］（fig）something with this quality 有挑战性的事物：The universe is a great challenge to men.宇宙对于人类是巨大的挑战.To build a bridge in a day was a real challenge.一天之内造好一座桥确实是一项富有挑战性的工作.

championship /'tfæmpiənfip/ 1 [C often pl with sing meaning] a competition held to find the champion ［→K106］锦标赛：Fifty men took part in the championship; but only one was successful.五十人参加锦标赛；但只有一人获得锦标． She won the 1992 championships， just as we＇d expected．正如我们所料，她荣获1992年

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K103 SPORTS ＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

冠军．2［C］ the position， title， rank， etc， of being champion 冠军的地位；冠军称号：I don＇tthink this new fighter can take the champion-ship from him.我认为这位新拳击手攫不走他的冠军称号．3［U］ the act of championing 拥护；支持：Her championship of women＇s rights is well known.她对妇女权利的支持是众所周知的.

K103 nouns，etc 名词等：rounds，laps，

heats，and bouts ［C］（比赛的）轮、圈、

预赛与回合

round /raund/ (in sport) one stage, period,or game，as（比赛等的）（一）轮；（一）回；（一）场a(in golf) a complete game including all the holes（高尔夫球的）一局（把球打进高尔夫球场中所有的洞）b（in boxing） one of the periods of fighting in a match, separated by short rests （拳击的）（一个）回合：They fought a match of 20 rounds．他们打了一场二十回合的比赛．He wasknocked out in the second round/in round 2. 他在第二个回合中被击倒.C（in professionalfootball) one of several sets of matches, of which all the winners will play against each other until one team is victorious（职业足球赛的）（一）轮：They lost the first round of the Football Cup.他们在足球杯赛的第一轮比赛中就输了.

lap/læp/1 (in racing, swimming, etc) a trip once round the track or over the distance（赛跑等竞赛跑道的）一圈；（游泳水道的）一次往返；（比赛中规定路程的）全长：He is two laps ahead ofthe next man．他比第二个人领先了两圈．2 onepart or division of a planned action or devel-opment（计划中行动的）一部分 3（in racing，swimming，etc）（赛跑、游泳等中）a［T1］to be the distance of at least once round the track ahead of （a competitor）比（某人）至少领先一圈b ［L9］ to race completely round the track 跑完一圈

heat /hi:t/ a part of a race or competition whose winners compete against other winners until there is a small enough number to run the last part（final heat）（赛跑或竞赛中的）分组预赛；预赛

bout／baut／1 a boxing match 一场拳击比赛；一回；一场：Who will win the next bout？下一回合谁将获胜？2 a short period of activity 一段时间：He works in bouts of fierce activity followed by periods of rest.他工作起来总是猛干一阵，然后休息一段时间.

K104 verbs 动词：playing，exercising，

and scoring 比赛、锻炼与得分

[ALSO → K120,121]

play /pler/1 [IØ; T1] to (cause to) take part in a game（使）参加比赛：He played（for us） last Saturday.上星期六他（代表我们）参加了比赛.We＇ll play him again next Saturday.下星期六

我们将和他再度比赛．2［L1,7；IØ（as，at）］tohave (a particular position and duty in a team）担任球队中某一职责：Smith will play full-back［→K191］．史密斯将担任后卫．Smith will play as our third fast bowler ［→K196］．史密斯将担任我队的第三快速投球手.

exercise /'eksəsaiz/ [IØ; T1] to (cause to) take exercise or do exercises ［→K100］（使）锻炼；运动：He was exercising in the garden.他在花园里锻炼身体.You don＇t exercise enough.你缺少运动.You should exercise yourself more.你应多锻炼身体．He exercises his muscles ［→B4］ every day by lifting heavy things.他每天以举重物来锻炼肌肉.Can you exercise the horses for me，please？能不能请你替我训练这些马呢？

score /sko:/ 1 [IØ; T1] to gain (one or more points, goals, etc) in a sport, game or compe-tition（体育比赛中）得分：He scored three points／times in the last half of the game.他在比赛下半场中赢得了三分／三次得分.He scored acentury（＝100 runs） in cricket．他在板球赛中得了一百分.In this game points are scored in different ways．这种游戏的记分方法有所不同．2[L9; T1] to win (a total of points) in an exam-ination（考试中）得分：He scored high（＝ scored well） in the test.他在测验中得高分.Hescored 80 out of 100．一百分为满分，他考到了八十分．A right answer to this question scores 5 points．答对这一题得五分．3［IØ；T1］ to gain orwin（a success， victory，prize，etc）获得（成功、胜利、奖赏等）：The bomb scored a hit on the railway bridge.炸弹命中铁路桥.This writer has scored again with another popular book.这位作家因另一部著作畅销而再度获得成功．4［L9；X9；(off,against, over)] to make (a clever and successful point), esp in an argument against someone（在辩论中）驳倒（某人）：I hate conver-sations where people try to score (points) off each other.我讨厌人们谈话时总想驳倒对方.eliminate /r'limineit/ [T1(from)] to remove

（from a game，etc）（在比赛中）淘汰；排除：There were events to eliminate the weaker compet-itors before the main sports.在正式运动会开始前，举行了一些比赛来淘汰较差的竞争者.

K105 verbs 动词：competing 比赛

compete /kəm'pi:t/ [IØ, 3] to try to win some-thing in competition with someone else 比赛； 竞争：He competed for a place in the team.他力争加入该队.Although there were only four horses competing， it was an exciting race.虽然仅有四匹马参赛，但是比赛很精彩.Before the FirstWorld War Britain and Germany competed to build ships.第一次世界大战发生前，英、德两国争相造船.Various European countries competed with/against each other for trade in Africa in the 19th century．在十九世纪，欧洲各国在非洲展开了贸易竞争.

enter /'entə/ [IØ] to put one's name in a list in order to take part in （a sport，etc）报名参加；加入：He has entered for the race.他已报名参加比赛.

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challenge /'tfælind3/ 1 [T1 (to); V3] to call (someone) to compete against one, esp in a fight，match，etc 向···挑战：I challenged him to a game of cards.我邀他打一盘纸牌比比高低.The enemy leader is going to challenge our king to fight． 敌方首领要向我们的国王挑战．2[T1] to demand official proof of the name and aims of （someone） 盘问（姓名、事由）：The soldier challenged the stranger as soon as she appeared.陌生人一出现，士兵喝令她站住，加以盘问．3 ［T1］ to question the lawfulness or right-ness of （someone or something）对···表示异议： She challenged the justice of the new law.她对新法令的公正性提出异议．4［T1；V3］to call（aperson or thing) to competitive effort; test the abilities of （a person or thing）检验（某人或某物的）能力；激励：This difficulty challenges my mind to find an answer.这个困难激励我去动脑筋找出解决办法.I don＇t like to study something unless it really challenges me.只有真正能考验我能力的东西，我才会去研究．5［T1；V3］to ask ordemand as of right 要求；查问：The soldier challenged the stranger to say who she was.士兵要陌生人说出她是谁.（lit）This event chal-lenges an explanation.此事需要作出解释.

contest/kən'test/[T1; IØ] 1 to compete (for); fight（for）争夺；竞争：How many people are contesting this seat on the town council？有多少人在角逐市议会中的这个席位？2 to questionthe truth or rightness of （something）驳斥； 对···提出疑问；争辩（某事物的真假或对错）：Theprince's enemies bitterly contested his claim to the crown.王子的敌人激烈反驳他对王位的要求. I intend to contest the judge＇s decision in another court.我打算到另一个法庭去抗辩这个法官所作的判决.

K106 nouns，etc 名词等：people in

sports，etc［C］运动员等

sportsman /'spo:tsmən/1 a man who is keen on，or good at，sport 男运动爱好者；男运动员sportswoman [fem] 2 a man who is willing to take a chance 愿意冒险者：He said he would do it；he＇s a real sportsman！他说过他愿做那件事；他真是一个爱冒险的人！

player /'pleiə/ a person who plays in a game, often professionally（尤指职业性的）比赛者；选手：There are eleven players in each team in a football match.足球比赛中每队有十一个球员.The players played well.球员们打（踢）得很出色.

athlete /'æθli:t/ a person who is skilled in bodily exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed, such as running and jumping 运动员；田径运动员 athletic ［B］1［Wa5］ of or concerning athletes or athletics 运动的；体育的；运动员的2（of people） strong inbody，with plenty of muscle and speed（指人） 体格健壮的；行动敏捷的-ally［adv Wa4］

gymnast /'d3imnæst/ a person who trains and is skilled in certain bodily exercises 体操运动

K107 SPORTS ＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

员；体育家 gymnastic［Wa5；B］ concerned with bodily exercise and training 体操的；体育的-ally [adv Wa4]

contestant/kən'testənt/ someone competing in a contest 竞争者；参加比赛者：There were 50contestants from all parts of the country in the competition.这次比赛有来自全国各地的五十名选手参加角逐.

competitor /kəm'petətə/ a person, team, busi-ness organization, firm, etc, competing with another or others 竞争者（包括人、队、商业组织、公司等）；比赛者；敌手：There were 10 com-petitors hoping to increase their trade in China.有十家公司互相竞争，都想扩大在中国的贸易.

challenger /'tfælind3ə/ a person who chal-lenges another 挑战者；反对者；查问口令者：He isone of the new challengers in the Games, and could do well.他是运动会的新挑战者之一，可能会创造出好成绩.

champion /'tfæmpiən/ 1 a person or animal unbeaten in competitions of courage, strength, or skill 冠军：I think the champion will win； he＇s never lost a fight yet.我想这位冠军会赢；他还从未被人打败过.Our team will be thechampions this year.我队将成为本年度的冠军.She became world champion at the age of 26. 她二十六岁成为世界冠军．2 a person or animalthat shows signs of being better than others 有出类拔萃迹象的人或动物：This dog＇s only youngbut already you can tell he＇s a champion.这条狗还小，但已看得出它不同凡响．3 a person whofights for, supports strongly, or defends a cause，movement，person，etc（为事业、运动、个人等而）奋斗者：He was always a championof the rights of the ordinary citizen; that's why they loved him.他永远是个维护普通公民权利的斗士；这就是人们爱戴他的原因．4［T1］ to fightfor, support strongly, or defend (a cause, movement，person，etc）拥护；支持；保卫（事业、运动、人等）：Bob always champions the workers' cause because he believes in social justice.鲍勃总是支持工人的事业，因为他信仰社会正义.champ infml abbrev a champion 冠军： He＇s the local boxing champ.他是当地的拳击冠军.

rival /'raival/ a person who tries to get some-thing one wants oneself or to do things better 对手；竞争者：He is one of my rivals inthe competition.他是我比赛中的竞争对手之一.He isinterested in her and looks on/considers me as a rival／his rival.他对她感兴趣，把我看作情敌.rivalry [U;C] the state of being rivals; strong competition 竞争：There is a lot of rivalry between the two teams.两队之间竞争激烈.

K107 verbs 动词：winning and losing， etc

赢与输等 [ALSO →C280-82]

win/win/1 [T1; IØ] to be the best or first in (a contest）获胜；赢：He won the race.他在赛跑中

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获胜．Who won？谁赢了？2 ［T1］a to gain （esp a prize）赢得；获（奖）：He won a prize／cup／shield／ a hundred pounds.他获奖／奖杯／盾形奖牌／一百英镑.b to gain （the stated place） in a contest （在比赛中）赢得（名次）：He won first place inthe competition．他在比赛中取得第一名．3［D1（for）；Ti］ to gain by effort or ability（以努力、能力来）获得；博得：I can＇t win his friendship， though I＇ve tried.我尽了力，可是无法获得他的友谊.By her hard work she won a place for herselfon the school team.通过刻苦努力，她成为一名校队队员.

beat/bi:t/[T1] (esp in sports, games) to do better than（another）（尤指在比赛中）打败（对手）；战胜：He beat her at tennis.他在网球赛中击败了她.She beat him （in） running to the end of the road.她比他先跑到了路的尽头.（fig）Thisproblem beats me.这个问题把我难住了.

lose／lu：z／［T1； IØ］ not to win 输去：He lost the race.他赛跑输了.Did he win or lose？他赢了还是输了？

defeat/dr'fi:t/[T1] to beat; win a victory over (a person or group） 战胜；击败：Our team defeated theirs.我们队战胜了他们队.

stump/stamp/ [T1 often pass] to be too difficult for 难住；难倒：I don＇t know the answer to that question；I＇m stumped.我不知道那个问题的答案；我给难住了.

tie/tar/ [IØ] to be equal to an opponent or his or her result in a competition（比赛中）得同样分数；不分胜负：They tied for second place in the game.他们在比赛中并列第二名.

draw/dro:/ [Wv5; T1; IØ] to end(a game etc) without either side winning 打和；不分胜负： They drew (the game) 5 points to 5 (=5 all). 他们（比赛）打成五平.We＇ve had several drawn matches this year.今年我们有好几场比赛都打成平局.

result in [v prep T1; V4a] to have as a result; cause 以···告终：The game resulted in a win for our side.比赛结果我方获胜.

K108 nouns 名词：winning and losing 胜与负

occasion of losing 战败；失败：It＇s defeat；we＇ve lost.这是失败；我们输了.How many defeats have they had this year？他们今年输了多少次？

tie /tai/ [Ć] an equality of results, in scores,etc （比赛等的）同分；平局：The match ended in atie, so we still don't know who's the winner of the competition.比赛结果得分相同，谁获胜我们仍然不得而知.The result is a tie.结果是平局.

draw/dro:/[C] on occasion when two teams, persons, etc, end a game without either side winning；such a game 和局；不分胜负：The game was a draw.比赛不分胜负.It＇s a draw！平局！

result /rr'zalt/ [C usu pl] the announcement of a person's success or failure or of a match won or lost 比赛结果；成绩：He heard the foot-ball result on the radio.他在收音机里听到了足球比赛的结果.How did you get on in thecompetition and when will you know your results？你们比赛进行得怎样，什么时候知道结果？

K109 nouns 名词：winners and losers ［C］ 优胜者与失败者

winner /'winə/ a person who wins, esp in a game，sport，or competition（比赛等的）优胜者； 获胜者：The winners all received prizes.所有优胜者都获得奖品.

victor/'viktə/ a winner in a race, game, compe-tition，or other kind of struggle（赛跑、比赛或其它斗争的）胜利者：The crowd cheered as thevictor in the 400 metres received his prize．当四百米赛跑获胜者领奖时，人群欢呼起来.

loser/'lu:zə/ a person who loses, esp in a game, sport，or competition 失败者；输者：The losers said they would win next year.失败者说他们明年会赢.He＇s a good／bad loser（＝ He doesn＇t mind／doesn＇t like losing）.他输得起／输不起.

runner-up /ranə'ap/ a person who comes second （or sometimes third） in a contest（比赛中的）亚军（有时指季军）：Who were the runners-up？哪些人是亚军？

prize-winner /'praiz ,winə/ a person who wins a prize 得奖人

K110 nouns 名词：prizes［C］奖品

[ALSO → D102,I146]

prize /praiz/ 1 something of value given to

someone who is successful in a game,race,

competition, game of chance, etc, or for some

action that is admired 奖品；奖赏：Her beautiful

roses gained first prize at the flower show.她

那些美丽的玫瑰在花展上获得一等奖.He finished

only a yard behind the winner of the race but

he had to be content with second prize.他跑至

终点时与第一名仅差一码，只得甘心屈居第二了．2

[A] something that has gained a prize in a

show or competition 得奖之物：He owns a lot

of prize cattle. 他有很多得过奖的牛.This is a

prize rose.这是得奖的玫瑰.

defeat /dr'fi:t/ [C;U] the condition or an cup /kap/1 a prize in the form of a (large) cup

win ／win／ ［C］ not fml a success 胜；赢：How many wins did he have？他胜过几次？

victory /'viktəri/ 1 [U (in, over)] the act of winning or state of having won (in sport, war, or in any kind of struggle）（运动、战争及任何斗争中的）胜利：The football team hoped for victory．足球队希望获胜．2［C（in，over）］a success in a fight，struggle，etc（斗争等）成功； 战胜：He had a narrow victoryin the compe-tition； he won by only a few points.他在比赛中仅以几分险胜.The football team won some great victories.足球队取得几次大胜.This army has won／gained many victories.这支军队打过很多次胜仗.

triumph /trarəmf/ [U;C] esp emot, fml & pomp（a）great victory 大胜

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with handles 奖杯；优胜杯：He won a cup at the Games.他在运动会上赢得奖杯.Our team hopesto win the Cup this year.我队希望今年获得优胜杯．2 ［usu cap］ a game or games in which such a cup is given to the winner（s）锦标赛：Their team played in the World Cup.他们队曾参加世界杯锦标赛.Our team were Cup Finalists last year but didn＇t win the Cup.我队去年在锦标赛上进入了决赛，但未能夺得奖杯.cup-tie a match，esp in football, which is part of a set of matches in which the winner gets a cup（尤指足球）优胜杯赛

trophy /'trəufi/ 1 a prize given for winning a race， competition，or test of skill（体育比赛等的）奖品；奖杯：He has several cups and other trophies．他有几只奖杯和其它奖品．2 somethingtaken after much effort, esp in hunting,war, etc（为纪念狩猎、战争等而保存的）战利品；纪念品：He put the lion's head on the wall as a trophy.他把狮子头作为纪念品挂在墙上.

award/ə'wo:d/ something given as the result of an official decision， esp a prize（尤指官方颁发的）奖；奖品

medal /'medl/ a round piece of metal,esp given to someone for winning in sport or fighting bravely in war 奖章；勋章 medallist BrE， medalist AmE a person who wins a medal 奖章（勋章）获得者 gold medal a medal of gold，given to the winner of an important contest （授予重要比赛优胜者的）金质奖章；金牌 silvermedal a medal of silver, given to the second in an important contest （授予重要比赛第二名的）银质奖章；银牌 bronze medal a medal ofbronze, given to the third in an important contest（授予重要比赛第三名的）铜质奖章；铜牌

K111 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：judging 裁判

[ALSO→G12]

judge/d3ad3/1 [C] a person who decides who or what is better in a sport，contest，etc（比赛等的）裁判员：There were three judges and they agreed on the winner.三名裁判对谁获胜意见一致．2［IØ；T1］to act as a judge （for）（为···）担任裁判：Who is judging（the contest）？谁（给比赛）当裁判？

adjudicator /ə'd3u:dr,keitə/ [C] fml & tech a judge， esp in competitions 判决者；裁定者adjudicate ［IØ；T1］ fml ＆ tech to judge 判决； 裁定 adjudication ［U］ judging，esp at sports， in acting，etc 判决；裁定（尤指运动、表演等）

referee/refə'ri:/1 [C] a judge in charge of a team game such as football（见854页及887 页彩图）（足球等的）裁判员2［IØ；T1］to act asreferee（for）（为···）担任裁判：John refereed （the football match）.约翰担任（足球赛）裁判.ref [infml abbrev]

umpire /'Amparə/ 1 [C] the judge in some games and sports, such as cricket and swim-ming（见887页及888页彩图）（板球、游泳等的）裁判员2［IØ；T1］to act as an umpire （for）

K114 SPORTS ＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

（为···）担任裁判：Who umpired（the match）？谁担任（这场比赛的）裁判？

linesman /'larnzmən/ [C] an official who stays near the lines marking the side of the playing area in such games as footbal, and decides which team has gone outside the limits, done something wrong，etc（球赛等的）巡边员；司线员

K112 nouns 名词：teams［GC］队

team/ti:m/1 a group of people who work,play, or act together 队；组：He＇s in the school team. 他是校队队员.Which is the best football team in Britain？ 哪一队是英国最好的足球队？Thegovernment is led by an able team of skilled politicians．政府由一批干练的政治家领导．2 twoor more animals pulling the same vehicle（一起拉车的）一群牲口：The carriage was drawn bya team of four white horses.马车由四匹白马拉着.

side／said／usu not fml a team（比赛的）队：They have a good side this year; perhaps they'll win.他们今年有了个强队；也许他们会赢.Whichside do you support？你支持哪一队？

K113 nouns 名词：singles and doubles ［Wn3；C］单打与双打

singles /'sigəlz/ a match,esp of tennis, with one player against one（尤指网球等的）单打：Who will win the women＇s singles？谁将赢得女子单打？Let＇s play singles.我们来单打.

doubles/'dabəlz/ a match, esp of tennis, played between two pairs of players（尤指网球等的）双打：Who＇ll win the men＇s／women＇s doubles at Wimbledon this year？今年谁将在温布尔顿男子／女子双打中获胜？

mixed doubles a match, esp of tennis,in which a man and a woman play against another man and woman 男女混合双打：Who＇ll win the mixed doubles at Wimbledon this year？谁将获得今年温布尔顿男女混合双打冠军？

K114 nouns ＆ adjectives 名词和形容词：

amateur and professional 业余运动员与职业运动员

amateur/'æmə,tfuə/1 [C] a person who plays in sports, performs in plays, paints pictures, etc, for enjoyment and without being paid for it（为爱好而不是为赚钱而画画、演戏、运动等的）业余活动者：He is an amateur footballer.他是位业余足球运动员.The professionals would not play against amateurs.职业运动员通常不和业余运动员比赛.2 [C] a person without experience or skill in sport，art，etc（在运动、艺术等中）无经验或技巧者；外行：She＇s still an amateur at it.在这方面她还是外行．3［B］also 又作 amateur-ish often deprec not as good as a professional

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业余的；不熟练的；外行的；不及职业水准的：Hiswork is pretty amateur. 他干活很不在行.He made an amateurish attempt to build a cup-board.他笨手笨脚地试着做一个碗橱.-ishly［adv］am／eiem／ infml abbrev amateur（in sport）业余运动员

professional /prə'fefənəl/ 1 [C] a person who plays in sports, performs in plays, paints pictures， writes books，etc，for money 以运动、演戏、画画、写书等为职业的人：I play a lot butI＇m not good enough to be a professional.我球打得很多，但水准不够高，不能成为职业球员.Some professionals are not as good as some amateurs.有些职业运动员水准还不如某些业余运动员．2［C］（esp in golf and cricket） a person employed by a private club to play for it and to teach his sporting skill to its members（尤指在高尔夫球和板球方面）私人俱乐部雇来为本俱乐部出赛和训练会员的人；专职教练 3［B］apprechaving the ability (expected) of a professional 有专业人员水平的：He is a very professionalplayer.他是个具有很高专业水准的选手.un-［neg］-ly ［adv］：He plays professionally.他打球很有职业水准.

pro/prəu/ infml abbrev professional (in sport) 职业运动员

K115 nouns 名词：fans and supporters

［C］球（影）迷

fan/fæn/ a very keen follower, esp of a sport, art，team，or person（运动、艺术、球队、个人等的）狂热爱好者或追随者；一··迷：He is a fan ofyours.他是你的狂热崇拜者.The football fansenjoyed the game.足球迷很欣赏这场球赛.Theactor has a big fan club （＝a lot of fans）.那演员有一个人数很多的影迷会.

supporter／sə＇po：tə／1 a fan（运动、电影等的）狂热爱好者：The team＇s supporters travelled a long way to see them play.球队的球迷老远赶来观看他们比赛.He joined the local team＇s supporters＇club．他加入了本地球队的球迷会．2aperson who supports another， a party，etc 支持者；拥护者：He is one of the movement＇s greatest supporters.他是这运动的最活跃支持者之

K116 adjectives 形容词：indoor and outdoor［Wa5；A］室内的与室外的

indoor/'mn,do:/which isdone,used,etc,inside a building 户内的；室内的：They have an indoor swimming pool.他们有一个室内游泳池.He likesmost indoor games.大多数室内运动他都喜欢.

outdoor /'aut,do:/ which is done, used, etc, outside a building 户外的；室外的：Outdoor swimming pools are often cold in this country.该国的室外游泳池往往水太冷.He likeswatching most outdoor games.大多数户外体育比赛他都喜欢看.

K117 nouns 名词：fields，pitches，etc［C］ 场地等

field /fi:ld/ genl a piece of land marked off in some way for sports， a game，etc 运动场；场（地）：We can＇t use the field today； it＇s too wet. 我们今天不能使用这块场地；它太湿了.Where isthe local football／athletics ［■K100］ field？本地的足球场／田径运动场在哪里？

pitch /pity a special field or area on which certain games are played（某些球类举行比赛的）场（地）：The football players ran out on to the pitch.足球运动员跑步进入场地.Is it a goodcricket pitch？那个板球场好不好？

court /ko:t/ an area specially prepared and marked for various ball games, such as tennis （网球等的）球场：The tennis courts are near here.网球场离这儿很近.

ground /graund/ a piece of land used for a particular purpose， often games and sports 场所；场（地）：Where is the local football ground？ 本地的足球场在哪里？

track /træk/ an area in which people, animals, vehicles，etc，can race 跑道（供人、动物、车辆比赛用）

ring /ri/ 1 the closed-in central place where certain sports take place（四周围起来作比赛等，用的）场地2 the square area， esp with ropes round it， in which people box，wrestle，etc（用绳索围起来的）拳击场；摔角场

rink/rigk/1 a specially prepared surface of ice, for skating 溜冰场；滑冰场2 any hard material for a similar sport 任何供类似运动的硬场地：I＇llmeet you at the rink.咱们场上见.

playing field a large area of ground for playing such games as football and cricket（比赛足球、板球等用的）运动场

K118 nouns 名词：stadiums，arenas，etc 体育场、竞技场等

stadium /'steidiəm/ [C] a large (usu unroofed) building with rows of seats surrounding a sports field（周围有看台的）大型运动场（通常露天）

terracing／＇terisin／［U］ also 又作 terraces／＇ter-IsIz/[P] the parts of a stadium where people can stand to watch a game 体育场内的平台（人们可以站着看比赛）

(grand)stand /('grænd,)stænd/ [C] the set of seats arranged one row above the other, esp in a stadium, and usu covered by a roof from which people may watch a match or sport （运动场等的）看台

amphitheatre BrE, -theater AmE /'æmfə-,θrətə/ [C] a usu roofless building with rows of seats on a slope that completely surrounds and rises above a central usu circular area, esp one built in ancient Rome and used for competitions and theatrical performances（上·面无屋顶、周围有看台的）圆形剧场或竞技场（尤指古罗马时建造的）

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arena/ə'ri:nə/ [C] 1 the middle part of a Roman amphitheatre for public sports and fights（古罗马圆形竞技场中央的）竞技场地 2 a scene orplace of activity, esp of competition or fight-ing（竞争、战争等的）活动场所：The smallcountry became the arena of war between the two big powers．这个小国成了两个大国的战场．3an enclosed area used for sports, public shows，amusements，etc 体育场；展览场；娱乐场： Where＇s the new sports arena？新运动场在哪里？

K119 nouns 名词： clubs and leagues ［GC often cap］俱乐部与联合会

club /klab/ a society of people who join to-gether for a certain purpose, esp sport or amusement（尤指运动和娱乐的）俱乐部；会社；会所：He is a member of our football club.他是我们足球会的会员.

association /ə,səusr'erfən/ a society of people joined together for a particular sport（为某种运动而组织起来的）协会；社团：Let＇s form anassociation to help people who want to play this game.让我们组织一个协会来协助想参加这种运动的人.Association Football is very popular. （英式）足球很受大家喜爱.

league /li:g/ a group of sports clubs or players that play matches amongst themselves（运动俱乐部或运动员的）竞赛联合会：Let＇s start a leagueof football teams in this area.让我们在本地区创办一个足球竞赛联合会.Is this game a leaguematch？这场比赛是不是联赛？

K120 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：hitting and missing 击中与未击中

[ALSO→K104]

hit／hit／1［T1］to strike with something 打；击：He hit the ball with a bat.他用球棒击球.Hit it hard！用力打！2［C］a blow or stroke 一击；击中： That was a good hit； it saved the game.那一下打得好；挽救了这场比赛.The ball made a hit onthe moving object.球击中了那个活动的目标.Hescored two hits.他击中两次.

miss/mis/1 [T1,4,6a(what); IØ] to fail to hit, catch,find, meet, touch, hear, see, etc (some-thing or someone）未击中；未接到；未找到；未遇到；未碰到；未听见；未看见（某物或某人）：The fall-ing rock just missed my head.落下来的石头差一点儿击中我的脑袋.The fielder missed animportant catch, and the cricket match was lost.接球手没接住关键的一球，板球赛就此输掉了.He arrived too late and missed the train.他到得太晚，没赶上火车.She went to the station tomeet her husband but missed (= failed to meet） him in the crowd.她去车站接丈夫，但在人群中没有找到他.Please be quiet；I don＇t want to miss a word of the news on the radio.请安静；我不想漏掉新闻广播中的一个字.We arrivedlate at the theatre, and missed (=failed to see and hear） the first act of the play.我们到戏院晚了，没看到第一幕戏.Unless I miss my guess（＝

K122 SPORTS＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

if I'm guessing wrongly), that's old Frank over there.假如我没猜错的话，那边的那个人就是老弗兰克.I don＇t want to miss seeing that singer on television tonight.我不想错过今晚那位歌星在电视上的表演.There was such a noise that I missed what you were saying to me.声音太嘈杂，我没有听见你刚才对我说什么.The boy threwa stone at the window, but fortunately he missed．这男孩朝窗子扔石头，但幸好没击中．2［C］a failure to hit, catch, hold, etc, that which is aimed at 不中；未接住：The hunter＇s first shot was a miss， but his second killed the lion.这个猎人第一枪没打中，但第二枪就将狮子击毙了.The fielder [→K196] dropped an easy catch; it was a bad miss.接球手没接住一个易接的球，这是很糟糕的失误.

knock up [v adv T1] infml to add (something) to a cricket score ［→K121］（在板球赛中）得分：The cricket team needs to knock up 45 more runs before tea.吃茶点前，板球队需要再得四十五分.

K121 nouns 名词：points， runs， and goals［C］得分

[ALSO →K104]

point/pornt/ a unit of gaining (scoring) in games， sports， and other competitions， etc（比赛等的）得分；分（数）：He won by 10 points．他领先十分而获胜.

goal /gəul/1 (in games like football) the twO posts between which the ball must pass（足球等运动的）球门2 the point gained （scored） when the ball is caused to do this 入球所得之分

run /ran/ (in games like cricket and baseball) the point scored by running between certain positions after hitting the ball（板球、棒球等） 跑位所得的分

score/sko:/ [C] the number of points, goals, etc，won in a game（比赛中的）得分；记录：Thescore was 2-1 for our team．比分是二比一，我们队领先.What＇s the score so far？到现在为止，比分如何？

K122 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：betting and gambling 打赌与赌博

bet/bet/1[C] an agreement to risk money on the result of an uncertain event 打赌：Let＇s make a bet on the next election.我们就下一次选举打个赌吧.He placed a bet （with a book-maker）.他（向赌赛马的职业受注者）下了赌注.Shewon／lost on the bet．她赌赢了／赌输了．2［C］a sum of money so risked·赌注：He placed a £5 bet．他下了五英镑的赌注．3［D1；T1；5a；IØ（on）］ to risk (money) on the result of an uncertain event 赌博：He doesn＇t drink but he bets （on horses）．他不喝酒，但好赌（马）．I bet（him）（£5） that they＇d win the election，and they did.我（与他）赌（五英镑）他们会在大选中获胜，而他们真的获胜了.

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K123 SPORTS ＆ GAMES 运动与比赛

wager／＇weid3ə／ fml 1［C］ a bet 赌注2［D1,5a； T1（on），5a］ to bet 打赌：I＇ll wager （£5）he＇ll win the game.我赌（五英镑）他会在比赛中获胜.

gamble／＇gæmbəl／1［C］ a risky matter or act 冒

险：The operation may not succeed； it＇s a

gamble whether he lives or dies.手术有可能失

败；他能否活下来得碰运气．2［IØ（at）］a to play

cards or other games for money 赌博：He

gambles at cards.他赌纸牌.b to risk one＇s

money in business 投机：He＇s gambling in a

new company.他正在对一家新上市公司进行投机

性买卖．3［IØ （on）］ to take the risk that some-

thing will go well, or as one wishes,after

doing something that depends on it 碰运气：

We haven't eaten;we were gambling on the

fact that they would be having dinner when

we arrived and would invite us.我们还没有吃

饭；我们碰碰运气，说不定我们到达时他们正好在吃

晚饭，而且会请我们一起吃.gamble away［v adv

T1] to waste (money) by playing cards or

other games for money 赌博输掉；做投机买卖损

失掉 gambling den／house a place where

people gamble at cards and／or games 赌窟／赌场

gaming /'germi/ [U] esp old use gambling

generally 赌博：He spent a lot of his time in

gaming.他把很多时间花在赌博上.

lottery /'lptəri/ [C] an arrangement in which

people buy numbered tickets, and prizes, usu of money, are given to those who hold numbers that are drawn by lot (= chosen by chance from among all the numbers）（发行）奖券或彩票

pools ／pu：lz／，also 又作 fml football pools ［the P;A] esp BrE an arrangement by which people risk small amounts of money on the results of certain football matches, and those who guess the results correctly (or nearly correctly) win large shares of the combined money 猜足球赛输赢的赌博：He won a fortuneon the pools.他赌足球比赛赢了一大笔钱.Haveyou ever had a pools win？你赌足球比赛有没有赢过钱？

stake/steik/1 [C] money used in gambling or in guessing the result of a race，etc（赛马等）赌注：Who will hold the stakes till the race is over？赛马结束前由谁来保管赌注？2［T1（on）］tooffer as a stake 把···押下作赌注：He staked£20 on that horse winning the race．他押下20英镑， 赌那匹马赢得比赛.I＇d stake my life on hishonesty！我愿拿生命来担保他诚实！3［T1］ tomake（a claim， etc）申明（权利等）：He staked his claim to a gold mine in the hills.他申明自已对山中一个金矿的所有权．［ALSO■J114］

K123 nouns，etc 名词等：gambling terms 赌博用语

odds /pdz/ [P] the probability that something will or will not happen（事物发生的）可能性；机会：The odds are 10 to 1 that her horse will not win the race.她的马十有九成不会赢.give／layodds to offer (someone) a bet at the stated odds 与（某人）按所说的赔率打赌：I＇ll lay you

(odds of) 3 to 1.(=Give me £1,and I will give you £3 if you win．）我可以以三比一的赔率和你打赌.（你给我一英镑，你赢了，我就给你三英镑）.takeodds to accept such a bet 同意按所说的赔率打赌long odds odds that are strongly against(for example，100 to 1）大赔率（例如一百比一）shortodds odds that are not strongly against (for example，2to1）小赔率（例如二比一）

evens/'i:vənz/ chances that are the same for and against (as when one risks £2 on a horse to win £2）同等的输赢机会（如赌马下注两英镑，赢了也只赚两英镑）

against /ə'genst/likely that something will not happen 某事可能不会发生：The odds are 10 to 1against him winning.十有九成他会输.She made a bet at 2 to 1 against.(=She risked £2 on a horse to win £4）她以一比二的赔率打赌．（即她以两英镑赌一匹马，赢了可赚四英镑）

on／pn／likely that something will happen 某事可能会发生：She made a bet at 2 to 1 on．（＝Sherisked £2 on a horse to win £1）她以二比一的赔率打赌（即她以两英镑赌一匹马，赢了只赚一英镑）.

odds-on /'pdz'pn/ [Wa5; B] very likely to happen，win，etc 很可能赢或发生的（esp in the phr odds-on favourite 大热门）：The odds-on favourite came last in the race, to everyone's surprise.谁都料不到那匹马大热倒灶，跑了倒数第一.It＇s odds-on that he won＇t come.他多半不会来.

favourite BrE,favorite AmE/'fervərit/[the + C](in horse-racing, etc) the horse or competi-tor in each race that is expected to win（赛马等的）热门（马）

K124 nouns 名词：gamblers and

bookmakers［C］赌博者与登记赌注者

gambler /'gæmblə/ a person who gambles,usu at games of chance 赌客；赌徒；赌棍

punter /'pantə/ BrE infml a person who risks money， esp on the result of a horse race 赌博者（尤指赌马者）：The punters were happy when the horse won， but not the bookies.那匹马赢了，下注者兴高采烈，而那些职业受注者则不高兴.

bookmaker /'buk,meikə/ a person who takes money in bets, risked on the results of compe-tition，esp horse races（尤指赛马的）接受赌博投注的人；登记赌注者；职业受注者

bookie ／＇buki／ infml a bookmaker（赛马等的）接受赌博投注者；登记赌注者；职业受注者

turf accountant euph ＆ fml a bookmaker （赛马等的）接受赌博投注的人；登记赌注者；职业受注者

Indoor games

室内游戏与运动

K130 nouns，etc 名词等：playing cards 纸牌

(playing) cards/('plem) ka:dz/ [P] the usu 52

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pieces of flat stiff paper marked in various ways and used in various games 纸牌；扑克牌： Have you got the cards？你有纸牌吗？

pack/pæk/[C] a complete set of cards used in playing a game（纸牌的）一副：We can＇t play if there is a card missing from the pack.这副牌要是少了一张，我们就打不成了.

deck／dek／ ［C］esp AmE a pack（of cards）一副（纸牌）

hand /hænd/ [C] a number of playing cards held by one person in a game（纸牌戏中）手中的牌：This is a good hand！这是一手好牌！I＇vehad nothing but bad hands all night.我整晚牌运不佳.

deal/di:l/1 [C] the act or right of giving out cards to players in a card game 发（纸）牌；轮到发牌：It＇s your deal this time.这次轮到你发牌了.Who has the deal now？现在该谁发牌？The next two deals will be interesting.下两次发牌会很精彩．2［D1（to）；T1（out）；I0］ to give out （cards） to （players） in a game 发纸牌：Who deals next？接下来该谁发牌？

suit/su:t/[C] one of four sets of playing cards 同花色的一组纸牌

card table [C] a special table, usu small and with a green cloth top, at which people play card games（专供玩纸牌用的）牌桌（通常为绿色桌面的小桌子）

K131 nouns 名词： the suits and names of playing cards［C］纸牌的花色及名称

K132 INDOOR GAMES 室内游戏与运动

spade /speid/ [usu pl] a playing card with one or more spades printed in black（纸牌中的）黑桃：The Ace of Spades is said to represent Death.据说黑桃A象征死亡.

queen

纸牌中

的“J”

ace/eis/a playing card that has a single mark or spot and which usu has the highest or lowest value in a game（纸牌的）一点；幺点；爱斯king /kig/ any of the four playing cards with a picture of a king（纸牌的）K；国王：He held the King of Clubs.他拿着梅花K不出手.

queen /kwi:n/ any of the four playing cards with a picture of a queen（纸牌的）Q；王后：He played the Queen of Hearts.他出了红心Q.

jack／d3æk／ also 又作 knave／nerv／any of the four cards with a picture of a man and a rank between the queen and the ten（纸牌中的）J； 杰克

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joker 百搭

heart club

红心 梅花

spade diamond

黑桃 方块

heart /ha:t/ [usu pl] a playing card with one or more hearts printed in red（纸牌的）红心：He played the Queen of Hearts.他出红心Q.

club /klab/ [usu pl} a playing card with one or more clubs printed in black（纸牌中的）梅花： She held the King of Clubs.她不出梅花K.

diamond /'darəmənd/ [usu pl] a playing card with one or more diamonds printed in red（纸牌中的）方块：He held up the 4 of diamonds．他不出方块4．I＇ve only one diamond left in my hand，the Jack.我手里只剩下一张方块了，是方块J.

joker/'d3əukə/ an extra playing card, which in some games may have any value（纸牌的）百搭（某些牌戏中可作任何点数的牌）；小丑牌

court card also 又作 face card a playing card which is a king，queen，or jack 有人头的牌；花牌（纸牌中的K，Q，J）

trump /tramp/ any card of a suit chosen to be of higher rank than the other three suits during a game（牌戏中的）王牌；将牌

K132 nouns 名词：card games［U］纸牌戏

poker/'pəukə/ a type of card game usu played for money 扑克（一种纸牌戏）：They were

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K133 INDOOR GAMES 室内游戏与运动

playing poker.他们在玩扑克.The poker game was exciting.打扑克很刺激.

whist /wist/ a card game for two pairs of players, in which points are made by winning tricks (= a round of one card from each player，which the card of most value wins） 惠斯特牌戏（四人用全副纸牌玩的一种两组对打的牌戏）

bridge /brid3/ a card game for four players developed from the game of whist and usu played as contract bridge or sometimes auction bridge 桥牌（一种由惠斯特牌戏演变而来的四人玩的纸牌游戏）

rummy／＇rami／also 又作gin-rummy／，d3ın＇rami／ also 又作 esp AmE gin／d3in／ any of several simple card games for two or more players, in which each player tries to put together groups of three or more cards of the same rank or suit 兰米牌戏（基本玩法是形成三张或三张以上同点的套牌或同花顺）

canasta/kə'næstə/ a card game like rummy using two packs of cards, in which players get special points for a group of seven cards of the same rank 加纳斯塔牌戏（使用两套纸牌，玩法与兰米牌戏相似）

snap /snæp/ (in Britain) a type of card game in which players lay down cards one after the other and try to be the first to notice when two like cards are laid down together（英国） 斯耐普牌戏（玩牌者依先后放牌，如有两张相同的牌摆出时，最先发现的人获胜）

K133 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：dice anddicing 骰子与掷骰赌博

dice

骰子

dice /dais/ 1 [Wn3; C] BrE a small 6-sided block of wood, bone,plastic, etc, with 1-6 spots on each side， used in games of chance 骰子；色子：Throw the dice.掷骰子.He had a pair of dice.他有一对骰子.A dice／One of the dice has rolled under the table.一粒骰子滚到桌子下面去了．2［P］AmE two or more of these 两粒或两粒以上的骰子 3［U］ any game of chancewhich is played with these 任何掷骰游戏：He was playing dice．他在掷骰子．4［IØ（for，with）］ to play dice (with someone, for money, possessions，etc）掷骰子（赌博）：He spent his time drinking and dicing.他把时间都花在酗酒和掷骰子上.They were dicing for drinks.他们掷骰子赌酒喝.I diced with him for who should pay the bill．我和他掷骰子赌谁来付帐．5［X9 no pass，esp into, out of] to put, bring, etc, into or out of a state or the possession of something by playing dice 掷骰子赢得或输掉：He dicedhimself out of a large fortune.他掷骰子输掉了

一大笔财产.

die／dai／esp AmE a dice 骰子

USAGE［用法说明］：The singular form die is not used now in BrE except in the old saying 骰子的单数形式die现时在英式英语中已不再使用，但以下古谚是例外：The die is cast （＝ The decision has been made and cannot now be change). 已成定局.

throw /θrəu/ 1 [T1; IØ] to let (dice, etc) go through the air and fall on a table，etc 掷出（某一点数）：He threw a six and a four.他掷了一个六点和一个四点.He threw，and lost.他掷骰子输了．2［C］an act of throwing（骰子的）掷（一次）： Your throw now.现在该你掷了.If he loses the next throw，he loses everything.如果他下一次又掷输了，那就什么都输光了.

cast／ka：st／fml 1 ［T1］ to throw （dice，etc）掷（骰子等）：He cast the dice．他掷骰子．2［C］an act of throwing（骰子的）掷（一次）

K134 nouns 名词：relating to gambling 有关赌博的

casino /kə'si:nəu/ [C] a building used for social activities，esp playing games for money 赌场； 娱乐场

croupier /'kru:piə/ [C] a person who collects the money lost and pays out the money won at a table where games are played for money 赌桌管理员（负责收取赌桌上的赌注及付出奖金）；荷官

roulette /ru:'let/ [U] a game of chance in which a small ball is spun round a moving wheel and falls into a hole marked with a number 轮盘赌

baccarat /,bækə'ra:/ [U] a game of cards played by a banker person who keeps the money) and two or more punters [→K124] who bet against him 比九点（一种纸牌赌博）；巴卡拉纸牌戏；百家乐

chemin de fer /fə'mændə,feə/ [U] a fast form of baccarat一种比九点纸牌赌博

pontoon ／pon＇tu：n／ BrE，also 又作 blackjack ／＇blæk，d3æk／， also 又作 AmE twenty-one /,twentr'wan/'a card game usu played for money, in which players try to make a winning combination of cards worth 21 points 二十一点牌戏

K135 nouns 名词：games in the home， etc［U］家庭游戏等

snakes and ladders [U] a board game with a counter for each player, in which the counter moves from square to square, the winner being the counter which reaches the last square（home）first 蛇梯游戏棋（玩时棋子顺棋盘上格子走，遇梯即向上爬，遇蛇即向下滑，先到终点为胜）：In snakes and. ladders it＇s good if you go up a ladder because that takes you nearer home, but bad if you have to go down a

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snake, because then you are nearly back where you started.玩蛇梯游戏棋时，棋子沿“梯级”向上爬就好，因为那样能接近终点；但若“蛇行”往下走就不好，那样几乎会回到原处.

ludo /'lu:dəu/ a children's game played with little flat objects （counters） on a board 鲁多（一种用筹码在特制板上玩的儿童游戏）

Scrabble /'skræbəl/ tdmk a game in which players make points by putting rows of sepa-rate letters on the squares of a board to form words 一种组字游戏（参加游戏者在棋盘的方格里把字母组成单词而得分）

Monopoly /mə'nppəli/ tdmk a game in which the winner obtains all the pretended money, property，etc 强手棋；大富翁游戏（一种由得胜者获得全部假设钱财的游戏）

K136 nouns 名词：board games 棋盘游戏

chess/tfes/ [U often in comb] a game for two players each of whom start with 16 pieces (chessmen) which can be moved according to fixed rules across a chessboard in an attempt to trap （checkmate） the opponent＇s king 国际象棋；西洋象棋

draughts /dra:fts/ BrE, checkers/'tfekəz/ AmE [U] a game for two players, each with 12 round pieces on a board of 64 squares 西洋跳棋

backgammon /'bæk,gæmən/ [U] a game for two players, using round wooden pieces and dice［→K133］西洋双陆棋

board/bo:d/[C often in comb] a flat surface with patterns, used for playing a(stated) game on 棋盘：I want to play chess but I can＇t find the board.我想下棋，但找不到棋盘.Where＇sthe chessboard？棋盘在哪儿？

K137 nouns 名词： pieces and counters

［C］棋子

piece/pirs/one of a set of small round objects or figures used in playing certain board games，esp chess 棋子

counter/'kauntə/ a piece, esp when round and flat,esp in draughts or children's board games but not in chess 棋子（尤指扁圆的棋子，用在跳棋和儿童棋盘游戏中，不用在国际象棋中）

man/mæn/[often in comb] not fml 1 a counter used in draughts 棋子（用于跳棋中）2a pieceused in chess， esp a pawn 象棋棋子（尤指卒）：Move your man.走卒子.These are beautiful chessmen；are they wood？这些棋子很漂亮，是木头做的吗？

K138 nouns 名词：pieces in chess［C］国际象棋棋子

king /ki/ the most important piece, that moves only one square at a time in any direction and must be kept safe from attack 主

K139 INDOOR GAMES 室内游戏与运动

black 黑棋

queen王后 king王 castle／rook车

pawn

兵、卒

bishop 象 white 白棋 knight 马

chessboard and pieces

国际象棋棋盘和棋子

queen/kwi:n/ the most powerful piece in the game of chess, that moves any number of squares in straight lines or corner to corner 后

bishop /'bıfəp/ a piece, usu with a hat like a bishop [→C347], that moves any distance from corner to corner on squares of one colour象

knight/nait/ a piece, usu with a horse's head, that moves one square forward and two to the side or two squares forward and one to the side马

castle ／＇ka：səl／ also 又作 rook／ruk／ a piece that can move any distance in a straight line but not from corner to corner 车

pawn/po:n/1 any of the eight smallest and least valuable of a player＇s pieces 兵；卒2（fig）an unimportant person used by somebody else for his own advantage 小卒；爪牙；工具：They were only pawns in the big political battle.他们在这场重大政治斗争中只不过是小卒而已.

K139 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：somewords used in chess 国际象棋用语

gambit /'gæmbit/ [C] 1 an opening move in which a piece is risked so as to gain advantage later 弃子开局法（开局时牺牲一子以取得优势的下棋法）2（fig） an action which is used to produce a future effect, esp as part of a trick or a clever plan 精心策划的一着：He made hisopening gambit by taking the chairman's seat. 他坐上主席的座位，走出了他精心策划的第一步.

opening /'əupəni/ [C] an act of starting a game，esp chess（象棋等的）开局

attack /ə'tæk/ [C; U] a player's way of attack-ing，esp the other person＇s king 进攻（尤指攻击另一方的“王”）

defence BrE, defense AmE/dr'fens/ [C;U] a player＇s way of defending， esp his king 防守（尤指保卫“王”）

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K140 INDOOR GAMES 室内游戏与运动

check/tfek/1[(in)] the position of a player's king when it is directly attacked 王棋被“将军”时的位置；将军：Your king is in check.你被将军了．2 ［T1］ to put （the other player＇s king）in this position 将（对方的“王”）一军：She checked his king．她将了他的军．3［interj］（said when doing this）（象棋用语）将军：Check！将！

checkmate/'tfek,meit/1 [C;U] the position of a king when under direct attack from an op-ponent's pieces from which escape is impos-sible（象棋中王棋的）将死：The game endedwith a checkmate.棋赛以将死对方而结束了.Itwas checkmate．将死了．2［T1 often pass］ to be put in this position（象棋中）将死（对方的王棋）：He＇s checkmated. 他给将死了.（fig）Their plans were checkmated.他们的计划完全失败了.3 [interj] (said when putting the opponent's king in this position）（象棋用语）将死：Check-mate！将死！

stalemate /'steil,meit/ [C] the position from which a player can only move into check, and which means that neither player wins（国际象棋中的）和棋（其中一方无子可动，成为双方都不能取胜的僵局）；僵棋 stalemated［Wa5；B］ in a condition of stalemate 和棋的；相持不下的

move／mu：v／（in chess and other games）（用于象棋及其它游戏中）1［IØ；T1］ to take（a piece）from one square to another 走（一子）：He takes a long time to move.他想了很久才走一步棋．She moved her queen．她走了“后”．2［C］an act of moving 走棋；一着：Your move now.现在该你走了.That was a good／bad move.这是妙／ 败着.He will win in two moves.他再走两步就赢了.

take/teik/[T1] to win (a piece belonging to the other player）吃掉（棋子）：She took his queen. 她吃了他的“后”.

capture／＇kæptfə／［T1］fml to take 吃掉（棋子）： His queen was captured in the tenth move.走到第十步时他的“后”给吃掉了.

K140 nouns 名词：the gymnasium 健身房

gymnasium/d3ım'neizəm/ [C] a hall with bars on all or some of the walls (wall bars),ropes, and other equipment for bodily exercises, jumping，climbing，etc 体育馆；健身房：We have exercises in the school gymnasium.我们在学校的健身房进行锻炼.Our gymnasium equipment is very good.我们健身房的设备很好.

gym／d3mm／ ［C］ infml abbrev a gymnasium 体育馆；健身房：Let＇s play in the gym／the gym hall. 我们在健身房里玩吧.

(paralleI) bars /('pærə,lel) ba:z/ [P] a pair of bars on four posts, parallel to each other, used for exercising the body 双杠

horse /ho:s/ [C] an apparatus used for exer-cising the body by jumping over it， on it，etc 木马

mat/mæt/[C]a covering for part of a floor, esp in a gymnasium, in which a person can do exercises，people can wrestle［→＞K143］，etc（体

操或摔跤用的）垫子

trampoline /,træmpə'li:n/ [C] an apparatus consisting of a sheet of material tightly stretched and held to a metal frame by strong springs, on which acrobats [→K88] and gymnasts [→K106] jump up and down to perform exercises（杂技表演或体操中翻筋斗用的）蹦床；弹床；弹簧床

springboard /'spri,bo:d/ [C] 1 a strong bend-able board for jumping off to give height to a jump 跳板2［（to）］（fig） a starting point where power is built up 出发点；起点：He hopes to make this job a springboard to higher office. 他希望把这一工作作为谋取更高职位的跳板.

K141 nouns 名词：billiards and snooker 台球与彩色台球戏

billiards /'bıljədz/ [U] a game played on a cloth-covered table with balls pushed with long sticks (cues) against each other or into 6 small net bags (pockets) at the corners and sides 落袋；台球；桌球（俗称“弹子”）：Billiards ishis favourite game. 台球是他最喜欢的游戏.billiard［A］ billiards 台球的；弹子戏的：He has his own billiard table.他自己有台球桌.

snooker /'snu:kə/ [U] a game like billiards with 15 red and 6 (numbered) balls of other colours（用十五个红球和六个其它颜色的球）一种彩球落袋戏；彩色台球：He likes playing snooker.他喜欢打彩色台球.Is there a snooker tablehere？这里有台球桌吗？

pool/pu:l/ [U] any of various American games that are like billiards, played usu with 16 (numbered) balls on a tablethat has 6 pockets 台球戏；落袋弹子戏（通常有十六个有号码的球和六个球袋）：Are you ready to shoot（＝play） pool？ 你准备好玩台球了吗？

poolroom /'pu:l,rum/ [C] a (usu public) room in the US, where pool and games of chance are played for money 弹子房；台球室；公开赌场（美国玩台球及其它赌博游戏的场所）

table /'teibal/ [C9] a piece of furniture like a table specially made for playing a stated game···桌：billiard table 台球桌；card table 牌桌

cue /kju:/ [C] a long straight wooden rod, slightly thicker at one end than the other, used for pushing the ball in billiards,snooker, etc（各种台球戏中用的）球杆；球棒

pocket/'ppkit/1 [C] any of the 6 small net bags round a billiard table, into which the ball is knocked（台球桌四周的）球袋：He hit the black （ball） into the top pocket.他把黑球打进顶端的球袋．2［T1］ to put in a pocket 击（球）落袋：Hepocketed the black.他把黑球打入袋中.

pot /ppt/ [T1] BrE (in billiards, etc) to hit (a ball） into one of the pockets 把球打入袋中：He potted the black.他把黑球击入袋中.

white/red/black/wait/red/blæk/, etc [the R] (in billiards，etc） the white／red／black，etc，ball 白／ 红／黑球：He potted the white.他把白球打进袋里.

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