K142 nouns 名词：other indoor games

［U］其它室内运动

table tennis a game played on a special large hard table by two people (singles) or two pairs (doubles) who use small bats to knock a very small light hollow plastic ball to each other across a net 乒乓球

ping pong ／＇pu，pon／ infml table tennis 乒乓球badminton /bædmintən/ a game played in an indoor court with rackets [→K197] smaller than in tennis and with a ball-like object with feathers (a shuttlecock) across a high narrow net 羽毛球

squash／skwof also 又作 fml squash rackets a game played in a four-walled indoor court by two or four people with rackets smaller than in tennis and a small dark rubber ball,hitting the ball off a front wall 壁球

netball /'net,bo:l/ a game (usu played by women) in which a ball is thrown so as to fall through a net fastened to a ring at the top of a post， often played in a gymnasium（女子玩的类似篮球的）无板篮球（常在室内体育馆内进行）；落网球

basketball /'ba:skit,bo:l/ a game played by two teams of five players each, who try to throw a large light ball into a net fixed on a ring ten feet above the ground 篮球

volleyball /'vpli,bo:l/ a game in which a large ball is struck by hand backwards and forwards across a net without being allowed to touch the ground 排球

ice hockey a fast game like field hockey[→K190] played on ice in a large indoor hall by two teams of six players each, wearing skates [→K204] and carrying sticks with which to hit a flat round rubber object （a puck） 冰上曲棍球；冰球

K143 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：boxing and wrestling 拳击与摔跤

box /bpks/ 1 [IØ (with, together)] to fight by hitting with the closed hands (fists),esp when wearing large soft gloves (boxing gloves) and standing or moving in a square area with ropes round it （a boxing ring） 拳击：He boxes well.他拳击打得很好.I haven＇t boxed for years. 我多年没有打拳击了.He hasn＇t boxed with thatman before.他以前没有跟这个人比赛过拳击.They were boxing （together）.他们正在进行拳击. 2［T1］ to hit hard 猛击（esp in the phr to box someone＇s ears 打某人耳光）：Get out of here or I＇ll box your ears for you！滚出去，要不我打你的耳光！

boxing/'bpksin/ [U] the sport or art of fighting with the fists 拳击运动；拳术：He is good atboxing.他擅长拳击.There＇s a boxing match tonight.今晚有一场拳击比赛.

boxer／＇boksə／［C］ a man who boxes.拳击家；拳击手；拳术师：The two boxers climbed into the

K144 INDOOR GAMES 室内游戏与运动

（boxing）ring.两位拳击手进入拳击场.

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boxing ring ringside seats

拳击场 场边座位

wrestle/'resəl/[IØ (with, together)] to fight by holding and throwing the body 角力；摔跤：He wrestles well.他摔跤很好.I haven＇t wrestled for years.我多年没有摔跤了.He hasn＇t wrestled with that man before.他以前从未跟那个人摔跤过.They were wrestling （together） on the ground.他们正在地上摔跤.She wrestled with her attacker.她与袭击她的人扭打.（fig）He was wrestling with a number of difficulties.他正在跟许多困难搏斗.

wrestling /'resln/ [U] the sport or art of fighting by holding and throwing the body 角力；摔跤：He＇s good at wrestling. 他善于摔跤.There＇s a wrestling match tonight.今晚有摔跤比赛.

wrestler／＇resələ／［C］a man who wrestles 摔跤运动员；角力者；摔跤者：He is one of the bestwrestlers in the country.他是国内最优秀的摔跤手之一.

all-in-wrestling /,o:lin'reslng/ [U] a kind of wrestling in which the wrestlers are allowed to hit as well as to hold 自由式摔跤

judo/'d3u:dəu/ [U] a kind of wrestling that began in Japan 柔道：He is good at judo.他精于柔道.She is a member of a judo club.她是柔道会的会员.

karate /kə'ra:ti/ [U] a style of fighting or self-defence from the Far East, including hitting with the hands and kicking 空手道

K144 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：boxing and wrestling terms，etc 拳击与摔跤等术语

punch /pantf/1 [T1; IØ] to strike (someone or

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K170 CHILDREN＇S GAMES 儿童游戏

something) hard with the closed hand (fist) 用拳猛击：He punched the man in the chest／on the jaw．他一拳打在那人的胸上／下巴上．2［C（in，on）］ a quick strong blow with the fist 拳打：I＇d like to give that fellow a punch in the face/on the nose.我很想在那家伙的脸上／鼻子上揍一拳.Both fighters have strong punches (= both boxers punch hard）．两位拳手出拳都很重．3［U］（fig） apprec forcefulness； effective power 力量；活力：He＇s a successful businessman who has a lot of punch.他是一位成功的商人；很有活力.That statement lacks punch； you should rewrite it.那项声明软弱无力，你应重写.pullone's punches to punch less hard than one should（拳击中）故意不用力打：The boxer waspulling his punches.拳击手故意不用力打.（fig） He doesn't pull his punches; he always says exactly what he thinks, even if it hurts people. 他说话不留余地；他总是想说什么就说什么，哪怕伤人感情他也不管.roll with the punch not fmlto move back or sideways so as to soften the effect of a blow 向后或两旁闪避对方的打击beatsomeone to the punch 1 to hit someone hard before he can hit you 在别人打你之前击中对方2to take action, speak, etc, before someone else can do so 先发制人；在别人行动（说话等）以前先采取行动（说话等）punch-drunk ［B］ 1showing unsteadiness, an inability to think clearly and other signs of brain damage from repeated blows to the head（拳击中）被打得晕头转向的2（fig）confused惶惑的；迷惑的

jab/d3æb/1 [IØ;T1] to punch straight, hard, and quickly 用直出拳快击：He jabbed the other boxer in the side．他猛击另一拳击手的肋部．2［C］a quick straight blow, usu from a short distance 快速的直拳：The two fighters aimed jabs at one another.两个拳击手相互用直拳快击对手.

sock／spk／infml 1［T1］to punch 拳打；猛击：Sock him！揍他！He socked him on the jaw.他一拳击在他的下颚部．2［C］a punch（一记）猛击：Hegave him a hard sock on the chin.他一拳打在他的下巴上.

right／rart／［C］ a punch with the right hand 右手所击之拳

left／left／［C］a punch with the left hand 左手所击之拳

uppercut/'Apə,kAt/ [C] a punch which comes quickly up from below（曲臂挥拳向上的）上击拳

hook/huk/ [C] a short curving punch with the arm bent 钩拳：He gave him a hard right hook （＝a hook with the right hand）.他狠狠地给他一个右钩拳.

knock out [v adv T1] 1 to punch (someone) unconscious （with one blow）将（某人）击昏；击倒：He knocked the other man out.他把对方击倒．2 to make （someone） unconscious 使（某人）昏倒：The heavy piece of wood fell on his head and knocked him out.这块沉重的木头砸在他头上，把他打昏了.

knockout /'npk,aut/ [C] the act or result of knocking someone out 把对手打倒在地的一击；击倒：It＇s a knockout： he＇s won！这一拳把对手打倒在地，他胜了！He won by a knockout.他击倒

了对方而获胜.

count/kaunt/ [C] the act of counting up to ten, after which a boxer, if he is still lying down, has lost the match（拳击中）裁判员自一数至十（给被击倒者再起的机会）：He was out for thecount（＝ unable to get up： knocked out）.数到十时他还未能站起来．He got up on a count of 8．数到八时，他站了起来.

points/points/[(on) P] the score of successes in a match（比赛等的）得分：He won on points （＝ He did not knock the other boxer out, but he was thought to be the better fighter）.他以点数取胜.

hold /həuld/[C] a way of holding someone, esp in wrestling, so that it is difficult to move or the person must move in a particular direc-tion（摔跤等中的）擒拿法：He couldn＇t break（＝ get out of） the other man＇s hold.他被对方掐住，无法挣脱.Have you learnt this hold yet？擒拿法的这一招你学会了吗？

throw /θrəu/ [C] a way or occasion of throwing someone in wrestling（摔跤中的）摔倒；摔倒对方的招数：Have you learnt any new judo throws？ 你学会了什么新的柔道摔跤招数没有？That was agood throw！那一摔真漂亮！

Children's games and toys

儿童游戏与玩具

K170 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：gamesand playing 游戏与玩耍

game/germ/[(of)] something, esp done by two or more children，to pass the time 游戏；玩耍： Let's play a game of dressing-uplplay a dress-ing-up game！我们来玩化装游戏吧！

play /plei/1 [IØ (with)] to do things that pass the time pleasantly, esp including running and jumping；have fun 玩（包括跑、跳、游戏等）：Can he come out to play（with me）？他能出来（和我）玩吗？The children were playing in the garden.孩子们在花园里玩耍.The cat wasplaying with a bit of string.猫在玩弄一根绳子.The children were playing together at dress-ing-up．孩子们在一块儿玩化装游戏．2［T1］toamuse oneself by doing （the stated thing）玩··· （游戏）：Let＇s play ball.我们来玩球.They were playing games in the garden.他们在花园里玩游戏.Can we play dressing-up，Mummy？妈，我们可以玩化装游戏吗？3 ［L1；T4］to amuse oneselfby pretending to be or do （the stated thing）装扮···（作为游戏）：Let＇s play doctors and nurses！ 我们来扮作医生和护士玩吧．4［（at）U］ activityfor amusement only 游戏玩耍；玩笑：Children often copy the actions of their parents in play. 孩子们常模仿父母亲的举动玩.The young lambswere at play in the field.小羊羔在田里嬉戏.

playtime /'pler,tamm/ [U] any time when a child

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D38：the kitchen and similar rooms 厨房及同类房间

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kitchen and kitchen equipment 厨房及其设备

other kitchen equipment 其它厨房设备：

microwave（oven）微波炉

cooking pot 烹饪锅

steamer 蒸锅

wok 镬子

kettle 水壶

coffee maker 煮咖啡壶

food processor 剁碎机

（electric）mixer（电）搅拌机

grater 擦碎板

peeler 削皮刀

whisk 打蛋器

sieve 筛子

rolling pin 擀面杖

chopping board 砧板

oven glove 隔热手套

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D40：the bathroom 浴室

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D115：beds and parts of beds 床与床上用品

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is free to play（游戏或娱乐）时间：It＇s playtime at the school now.现在是学校的游戏时间.

playpen/'pler,pen/[C] a small enclosure like a cage in which a very young child can be left to play safely（供婴孩在内安全地玩的）围栏

playground /'plei,graund/ [C] an area usu round or near a school or in a public place where children can play, often with swings, chutes，etc（学校的）操场；运动场：The children were running about in the playground.孩子们在操场上跑来跑去.（fig）Monte Carlo is theplayground of the rich.赌城蒙地卡罗是有钱人的游乐场.

playroom ／＇pler，rum／ also 又作 esp old use nursery /'n3:səri/ [C] a place, room, etc, which children can use for playing，etc 儿童游戏室：The children are all in the nursery.孩子们都在游戏室里.

antics/'æntiks/[P] strange or unusual actions, esp with odd, amusing, or foolish movements of the body， esp of or with children 滑稽动作； 逗笑动作（或姿态）：The children laughed at his antics.他的滑稽动作逗得孩子们哈哈大笑.

K171 nouns，etc 名词等：things in

children＇s playgrounds ［C］儿童游乐场内的设施

swing/swir/ a seat on ropes or chains, hanging from a bar, on.which a person, esp a child, can swing or be pushed back and forward 秋千chute /fu:t/ a sloped passage down which a

person， usu a child， can slide（通常供孩子们滑的）滑梯

slide／slaid／not fml a chute 滑梯

roundabout ／＇raundə，baut／ BrE， also 又作merry-go-round ／＇merigəu，raund／， also 又作AmE carousel /kærə'sel/ a machine in a playground or amusement park on which chil-dren can ride round and round, often sitting on wooden animals，etc 旋转木马；（供儿童游戏.的）旋转台

seesaw/'six,so:/1 [C] a board balanced in the middle on some other object, so that persons, esp children, can sit at each end so that when one end goes up， the other goes down 跷跷板2 ［U］ children＇s play on such a board 跷跷板游戏：She had an hour playing seesaw.她玩了一小时跷跷板．3［C］（fig）a movement backwards and forwards as in a game, battle,etc,where now one side and now the other is winning （类似跷跷板的）一上一下（或一前一后）的动作；（双方）交替占优势的竞争；拉锯战4［IØ］to playseesaw 玩跷跷板5［IØ］（fig） to move backwards and forwards, up and down, or between opposites or opponents 上下（前后） 摇动；在相反或相对抗的两方之间移动：Victory inthe battle seesawed for hours between the two armies.两军进行了好几个小时的拉锯战.climbing frame BrE, jungle gym AmE [C] a

large frame made of bars for children to climb on（儿童玩的）攀爬架；攀登架

K172 CHILDREN＇S GAMES 儿童游戏

K172 nouns，etc 名词等：toys and dolls

［C］玩具与洋娃娃

toy／toi／an object for children to play with 玩具； 玩物：Tidy up all your toys and put them in the toy box.把你所有的玩具收拾好，放入玩具箱.Thetoy soldier was broken.玩具兵坏了.The little boy stood looking in the window of the toy-shop／the toyshop window. 小男孩站在那儿看玩具店的橱窗．toy with ［v prep T1］1 to play with （something）purposelessly 玩弄；无目的地摆弄： While he was talking to us he toyed with his pencil．他边和我们说话，边摆弄着铅笔．2 to con-sider （an idea） not very seriously 不认真地考虑（某种想法）：She＇s toying with （the idea of） going to London, but I don't think she'll go. 她在考虑去伦敦，但是不很认真，我想她不会去.

plaything /'plei,θi/ not used by children some-thing that （esp） a child plays with；toy（非儿童用语）（尤指供儿童玩的）玩具；玩物：The shopsold various children＇s playthings.商店出售各种儿童玩具.（fig）I＇m not your plaything，＇she told him angrily.她生气地对他说，“我不是你的玩物.”

doll/dpl/1 a small figure of a person, esp of a baby，esp for a child to play with 玩偶；洋娃娃： She put her dolls in the doll's house (=a special small house for children to play with). 她把洋娃娃放进玩具房子里．2（fig）infml apretty young girl 漂亮的少女

dolly／＇dpli／ infml a doll 洋娃娃：Where＇s my dolly，Mummy？妈，我的洋娃娃在哪儿？

golliwog ／＇gplr，wog／ also 又作 golly ／＇gpli／ a kind of doll made of soft material dressed like a little man, with a black face with big white eyes and black hair standing out round his head一种黑面白眼竖发的玩偶

teddy bear also 又作 infml teddy／＇tedi／a toy bear filled with soft material 玩具熊：Teddy doesn＇t want to go to bed， Mummy.妈，小熊不肯睡觉.The little boy had a lot of teddies.这个小男孩有许多玩具熊.

balloon /bə'lu:n/ a bag made of rubber or other material which becomes large and rounded when air or a gas is blown into it 气球：The children had lots of balloons at their party.在聚会上孩子们有很多气球.Don＇t burst my bal-loon！别把我的气球弄爆了！

pet/pet/1 [C] an animal kept by a person in the home as a companion 宠物；爱畜：He was a pet dog.它是一条养作宠物的狗.He keeps a monkeyas a pet．他养一只猴子当作宠物．2［C；A］a per-son (esp a child) or thing specially favoured above others 宠儿；受宠爱的人：She is theteacher＇s pet.她是老师宠爱的学生.Politicians are my pet hate．政客是我最厌恶的人．3［C ususing; N] a person who is specially loved or lovable 特别受爱护的人；可爱的人：Mary is a petand everyone loves her.玛丽是位可人儿，大家都喜欢她．Come here，pet．过来，宝贝儿．4［T1］to touch (esp an animal kindly with the hands) 抚弄；爱抚：She petted the dog.她抚弄着狗.

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K173 CHILDREN＇S GAMES 儿童游戏

K173 nouns 名词：some things children like doing ［U］儿童喜欢做的事

dressing-up /,dresi'ap/ wearing someone else＇s clothes for fun or pretence 穿别人的衣服玩；化装游戏：My younger daughter likes dressing-up games.我的小女儿喜欢穿别人的衣服玩. Let＇s play dressing-up； I＇ll be a nurse and you can be a soldier.我们来玩化装游戏吧，我扮护士，你可以扮士兵.

hide-and-seek/,haidən'si:k/ a game in which someone hides and the other person or per-sons go looking for him or her 捉迷藏：They played hide-and-seek among the trees.他们在树丛中玩捉迷藏.

hopscotch /'hpp,skptf/ a children's game in which a stone is thrown onto numbered squares and each child hops and jumps from one to another 跳房子（一种儿童游戏）

make-believe /'meikbi,li:v/ a state of pre-tending；things which are pretended 假装；虚构：It was all make-believe： none of it was true.这全都是虚构的，没有一点真实之处.He livesin a world of make-believelin a make-believe world, if he thinks he can succeed without working hard.如果他认为不经努力就能成功的话，那他就是自己骗自己．make believe ［T1； 5］ topretend 假装：The children made believe they were princes and princesses.孩子们假装自己是王子和公主.

let's-pretend /'lets prr'tend/ a game of pre-tending（to be or to do something）一种假装为他人的游戏：The children were playing let＇s-pretend.孩子们在玩假装他人的游戏.They had agame of let's-pretend, in which he was the king.他们在玩假装他人的游戏，他假装是国王.

K174 nouns 名词：nursery rhymes and fairy stories［C］儿歌与童话

nursery rhyme a short, usu well-known song or poem for small children to learn, say, and sing 儿歌；童谣

fairy story also 又作 fairy tale 1 a story about fairies and other small magical people 神话；童话；神仙故事 2 a story or account that is hardor impossible to believe,esp one intended to deceive 荒诞的故事；存心骗人的话：Oh，go andtell your fairy stories to somebody else！算了， 把你那荒诞的故事去讲给别人听吧！fairy-tale ［A］having the qualities, esp beautiful or strange, of a fairy story 神话故事般的；童话般的（尤指美丽而神奇的）：What a fairy-tale castle！这城堡美得真像神话里的一样！

bedtime story a story told to a child at the time of going to bed, esp to help him or her fall asleep 孩子上床时讲给他听的故事（尤指哄他睡觉的）：Come on； it＇s time for your bedtime story.来吧，你们该上床听故事了.

K175 nouns 名词： some games children like 儿童喜欢的某些游戏

[ALSO→K135]

marbles /'ma:bəlz/ [U] a children's game in which small hard glass balls are rolled along the ground or thrown towards each other 打弹子游戏（弹子是玻璃做的）

conkers /'konkəz/ [U] (esp in Britain) a chil-dren's game in which one person swings a conker (= (infml) a chestnut, the nut of a particular kind of large tree) which has been fastened to a piece of string, in an attemt to break the opponent＇s conker（尤在英国）打七叶树栗游戏（一种儿童游戏，双方挥动系在绳索上的七叶树栗，以击碎对方的栗子为胜）

jigsaw puzzle /'d3ig,so: 'pazəl/ [C] a picture stuck onto wood and cut up into many small irregular pieces that can be fitted togeter for amusement, in order to make the original picture again 拼图玩具

püzzle /'pazəl/ [C] any kind of game in which a person must think hard in order to get the answer， do something， or find something 智力测验游戏：She gave him a book of puzzles to keep him amused.她给了他一本测验智力的书供他消遣.

riddle /'ridl/ [C] a game with words in which one must tryto understand the meaning of the words, which do not usu appear to make sense 谜语：She asked him the riddle， ＇What goes on four legs in the morning, two legs in the middle of the day, and three legs inthe evening?' The answer was a person, who is a baby and then a grown-up and then an old man or woman with a stick to help in walk-ing.她要他猜一个谜语：“什么东西早上走路用四条腿，中午用两条腿，晚上用三条腿？”答案是人，因为人先是婴儿，后来是成年人，最后是拄着手杖走路的老头或老太婆.（fig）Don＇t talk in riddles：tell me exactly what you want！别拐弯抹角了，告诉我你到底要什么！

Outdoor games

户外运动

K190 nouns 名词：ball games 球类运动

ball game [C] esp AmE any game played with a ball，but esp baseball 球类运动；球赛（尤指棒球赛）：Are you going to the ball game？你去看球赛吗？

(association) football /(ə,səusi'eifən) 'fut,bo:l/ [U often cap] BrE a game in which the ball is moved mainly with the feet but also with the head, played by two teams of eleven players each on a large field（英式）足球［→K191,2］

soccer/'spkə/ [U] BrE (Association) football

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（英式）足球：He likes watching soccer（matches） on television.他喜欢在电视上看足球赛.

rugby (football) /'ragbr('fut,bo:l)/ [U some-times cap] a kind of football played esp in Britain with an egg-shaped ball by two teams of either 13 men (Rugby League), or 15 men （Rugby Union）英式橄榄球（每队由十三人或十五人组成，球为椭圆形）［→K193］

rugger ／＇ragə／ ［U］ esp BrE infml rugby 英式橄榄球

Americanfootball BrE, football AmE [U] a kind of football, played esp in the US, with an egg-shaped ball and two teams of eleven players each 美式足球（每队十一人，球为椭圆形）；美式橄榄球

baseball /'beisbo:l/1 [U] a game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players each on a large field in which there are four bases which a player must touch in order to score a run 棒球：Baseball is the national game of the US.棒球是美国全国性的运动．2 ［C］ the ball used in this game 棒球用球[■K195]

rounders /'raundəz/[U] a British ball game like baseball, usu played by children, in which a player hits the ball and then runs round the edge of a square area 圆场棒球（一种类似棒球的英国球戏，通常由儿童玩）

(field) hockey /(fi:ld) 'hpki/ [U] a game played with sticks and a ball on a field by two teams of eleven players each 曲棍球

cricket /'krikit/ [U] a game popular in such countries as England, Australia, India, Pakistan, and the West Indies, played with a ball and a bat by two teams of eleven players each 板球 [→K196]

(lawn) tennis /(lo:n) 'tenis/[U] a game for two people (singles) or two pairs of people (doubles) who use rackets (= a kind of bat) to hit a small soft bal back and forwards across a low net dividing a level specially marked court（草地）网球［→K197］

lacrosse /lə'kros/ [U] a game played on a field by two teams, each player having a long stick (crosse), with a net at the end to throw, catch，and carry the small hard ball 长曲棍球

croquet /krəu'kei/ [U] a game played on grass in which players knock wooden balls through a number of small metal arches (hoops) with a long-handled wooden hammer （mallet）槌球

golf /golf/ [U] a game played by two or four persons with sticks (clubs) and small hard balls, each player trying to get his ball into a set of 9 or 18 holes in the smallest number of tries 高尔夫球：You have to walk a long way in a game of golf, as there is quite a long dis-tance between each hole.打高尔夫球得走很多路，因为每个洞之间的距离都很远.

bowls /bəulz/ [U] a game played by rolling heavy esp wooden balls (bowls) across a grassy area （bowling green）滚木球：Let＇s have a game of bowls.我们玩一场滚木球吧.

K192 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

K191 nouns 名词：association football

（见854页彩图）足球运动

K192 nouns，etc 名词等：soccer terms（英式）足球用语

pitch／pitf／［C］the playing field for soccer 足球场

football／＇fut，bo：l／also 又作 esp infml bladder ／＇blædə／the large round ball used in soccer 足球用球

kick off ［v adv Iø］ to start a game of football 开球：They kicked off five minutes late.他们晚了五分钟才开球比赛.

kickoff/'kik,pf/[C] the first kick, at the start of each half of a game of football 开球：The kick-off is at 3 o＇clock today．今天下午三时开球比赛．

(full) time /(ful) tarm/[Ú] the end of the game, after 90 minutes＇play 全场的比赛时限（踢完九十分钟）

half time [U] the halfway point in a game, after which the teams change ends of the field 半场的比赛时限（两队交换场地）

foul/faul/[C] a fault in games like football, usu by handling the ball or causing harm to a player in the other team 犯规

free kick [C] a kick allowed a team because of a foul by a player in the other team 罚任意球

penalty (kick) /'penlti (kik)/ [C] a free kick allowed at the other team＇s goal 罚（十二码） 球；罚点球：Liverpool were given／awarded a penalty (kick) when one of their opponents handled the ball.利物浦足球队因对方一名球员用手触球而获得一次罚点球.

send off [v adv; T1] BrE (in sport, esp in foot-ball) to order (a player) to leave the field because of a serious breaking of the rules（尤用于足球运动中）罚（运动员）出场；勒令···离场（因其严重犯规）

offside / pf'said/ 1 [B; E] (of a player, esp in football) in a position in which play is not allowed,esp by receiving a forward-moving pass in the half of the field belonging to the other team when there are fewer than two players of the other team between oneself and the goal line 越位2 ［Wa5；A］ of or about such a position 越位的：the offside rule 越位规则

wing /wi/ [C] (in games such as football) the left or right side of the field, near the sidelines（足球等运动的）左或右翼

winger／＇wujə／ ［C］ a player on either wing 左或右翼球员

corner (kick) /'ko:nə (kık)/ [C] a kick from a corner of the field towards the goal, by a member of the team attacking that goal, allowed when the ball has been kicked over the goal line by one of the defending players 角球

pass/pa:s/1[IØ (to); T1] to pass (the ball) with the foot or head from one player to another in the same team 传（球）：He isn＇t good at

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K193 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

passing； he likes to keep the ball to himself.他不善于传球；他喜欢自己带球.He passed toSmith.他把球传给史密斯.Pass the ball toSmith！把球传给史密斯！2 ［C］ an occasion ofpassing in this way（一次）传球：That was a good pass！这个球传得好！

shoot/Ju:t/[IØ] to kick the ball hard at the goal of the other team 射（门）：He shot and scored. 他一射破门.Shoot！射门！

shot／fot／［C］the act or occasion of shooting（一次）射门：That was a good shot！这一球射得好！He tried for a goal but his shot went wide (= missed the goal by quite a distance）.他想射球入网，但把球踢得太偏了.

head /hed/ [T1] to strike (the ball)with the head 用头顶（球）：He headed the ball into the goal.他头球破门.

header/'hedə/ [C] an act or occasion of head-ing 头顶球；头球：His header missed （the goal）. 他没把球顶入（球门）.

throw-in/'θrəu,in/ [C]1 an act of throwing the ball with both hands over the head back into play from beyond the sideline（站在边线外用双手将球举过头）掷界外球 2 an occasion whensuch an action is necessary 掷界外球的机会：The ball went over the touchline and it was a throw-in for the other team.球出边线，由对方掷界外球.

K193 nouns 名词：rugby football（见 854 页彩图）英式橄榄球

scrum/skram/ [C] 1 a group formed at certain

times in the game by the eight forwards (= front players) of both teams pushing against each other with heads down and shoulders together, to try to get the ball, which is on the ground between the two sides 并列争球（橄榄球赛中双方前锋密集排列争夺在中间的球）2 infml adisorderly crowd 混乱的人群

wing /wig/[C] a forward whose place is on one or other side of the centre 前锋（之一）（位于中锋一侧）

point／point／［C］ the unit of scoring in rugby（英式橄榄球比赛的）得分（单位）

try/trai/[C] the act of touching the ball down in the goal area of the other team, to score four points 在对方球门区带球触地（可得四分）

goal/gəul/[C] a kick which sends the ball over the crossbar of the goal, to score three points 球踢过球门横木（可得三分）

（其余见彩图）

K194 nouns 名词：American football ［C］ （见887页彩图）美式橄榄球／美式足球

K195 nouns 名词：baseball［C］（见887页彩图）棒球

diamond /'darəmənd/ 1 the field on which

baseball is played 棒球场 2 also 又作 infield the square in a baseball field which has the four bases as its corners 内场；内野

batter /'bætə/ [C] a baseball player who bats (= hits the ball with his bat）击球手

pitcher /'pitfə/ [C] a baseball player who pitches (= throws the ball towards the batter) 投手

catcher /'kætfə/ [C] a baseball player who waits behind the batter to catch the ball 捕手（其余见彩图）

K196 nouns，etc 名词等：cricket（见888页彩图）板球

innings/'mniz/ [Wn3; C]1 the period of time during which a team bats（板球比赛中轮到一方击球的）一局2（fig） a time when one is active， esp in a public position 任职时期；当权时期：He's had his innings now; he must let the new chairman do the work.他任期已满；该让位给新主席了.

bowl /bəul/ [X9; IØ; (T1)] to throw (the ball) towards the hitter (batsman) by swinging the arm above the head without bending the elbow 投球给击球手

bowler／＇bəulə／［C］ the person bowling 投球手

bat/bæt/[C] the specially shaped wooden stick used for hitting the ball（板球）球板

batsman/'bætsmən/ [C] the player who triesto hit the ball with the bat 击球手

field/fi:ld/ [IØ; T1] to catch or stop (a ball that has been hit）接球；截球

fielder／＇fi：ldə／ ［C］ any of the players fielding 接球手；截球手

over /'əuvə/ [C] (the period of) the act of bowl-ing the ball at the batsman a particular number of times by one player in the other team from the wicket at one end 板球投球手一次连续投出的球数（时间）：In England there aresix balls in an over, but in Australia there are eight.在英国，投球手一次投六球，但在澳大利亚，则投八球.

run /ran/ [C] a point won by two batsmen running from one wicket to the other, passing each other on the way（两名击球手分别由一方三柱门跑到另一方三柱门而完成一次交换位置所得的）一分

four/fo:/[C]four runs, usu gained by hitting

the ball to the edge of the playing area 四分球six/siks/ [C] a hit that counts six runs, esp one that crosses the edge of the playing area before touching the ground 六分球：He hit several sixes.他打了好几个六分球.

century /'sentfəri/ [C] 100 runs scored by one batsman（一个击球手得的）一百分

declare/dr'kleə/ [IØ (at)] to say that one's team will stop batting 宣布本队停止击球：Their side declared at 234（runs）．他们队打到234分时，宣布停止击球.Should we declare now？我们现在该宣布停止击球吗？

test match also 又作 infml test／test／［C often cap] a cricket match played between teams

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representing different countries 各国家队之间的比赛（其余见彩图）

K197 nouns，etc 名词等：tennis（见888页彩图）网球

(tennis) racket /('tenis) 'rækit/, racquet /'ræk-it/ [C] a light instrument consisting of a network of usu nylon stretched in a frame, with a handle，used for hitting the ball 网球拍

serve/S3:v/1 [IØ] to put the ball into play by hitting it 发球；开球：She served.她发球.He serves well．他发球发得好．2［C］not fml an act of serving（一次）发球；开球：That was a good serve.这个球发得好.

service /'s3ivs/ [U;C] the act of or occasion for serving 发球；发球方式；轮到发球：Yourservice！该你发球！The service was a let.发球触网（需重发）.

let /let/ [C usu sing] (a service that must be taken again because of) the ball hitting the net 球触网（需重发球）：Let！球触网！

love／lAv／［U］ （in scoring） a score of nothing 零分：The score was 3：0（three love）．比分是三比零.

set/set/[C]a group of six or more games, with the winner having at least two games more than the loser 盘（一般以先得六局或六局以上者为胜，但其中胜方比负方必须至少多胜两局）

delivery/dr'livəri/ [U; C] ability to send the ball （with force）击球：Her delivery is pretty good. 她的击球相当好.That was a good delivery！这个球打得好！

（其余见彩图）

K198 nouns，etc 名词等：golf（见937页彩图）高尔夫球

golfer／＇gplfə／［C］ a person who plays golf 打高尔夫球的人

golf club [C] 1 any one of the special kinds of sticks （clubs） used to hit the ball 高尔夫球棒（杆）2 an association organized so that its members can play golf, usu in a particular place 高尔夫球俱乐部：He is a member of thelocal golf club.他是当地高尔夫球俱乐部成员.

golf course [C] the large area, containing space for 9 or 18 fairways, green,and holes, in which a game of golf can be played 高尔夫球场rough /raf/ [(the) U] the uneven ground, usu

with long grass, along the sides of fairways in a golf course（高尔夫球场上生杂草的）障碍区域：He lost his ball in the rough.他在障碍区失球.

tee/t:/ [C] a small heap of sand or a specially-shaped plastic or wooden object from which the ball is first driven at the beginning of play on each fairway 发球处；（发球时搁球的）球座

tee off ［v adv IØ］ to drive the ball from a tee （从球座）发（球）：They teed off.他们发球了.

K199 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

drive/drarv/1 [IØ] to hit the ball as far as pos-sible from the tee 从发球处用力击球2［C］anact of doing this（一次）击球：That was a nice drive！这个球击得好！

slice/slais/1 [C] a flight of the ball away from a course straight ahead and towards the side of the player＇s stronger hand（右手较有力的击球者击出的）右斜飞球（或左手较有力的击球者击出的左斜飞球）2［T1；IØ］to hit（a ball）in a slice（右手较有力的击球者）击出右斜飞球（或左手较有力的击球者击出左斜飞球）

hook/huk/1 [C] a flight of a ball away from a course straight ahead and towards the side of a player＇s weaker hand（右手较有力的击球者击出的）左斜飞球（或左手较有力的击球者击出的右斜飞球）2［T1；IØ］to hit（a ball）in a hook（右手较有力的击球者）击出左斜飞球（或左手较有力的击球者击出右斜飞球）

putt /pat/ 1 [T1; IØ] to strike (a ball) gently along the ground towards or into the hole 轻击；短打（球）2［T1；IØ in comb］ to do this the stated number of times in reaching (the hole) 用所说的杆数把球打进洞：He three-putted the17th hole．他打了三杆才把球打进十七号洞．3［C］an act of putting（一杆）轻击；短打：It took three putts before he got the ball into the hole／before he sank the ball.他短打了三杆，才把球打入洞．4［C］the result of this 轻击球；短打球：That putt didn＇t go into the hole.那一杆没有把球打进洞.His putt was too short.他这一杆打得太轻了．putter ［C］1 the club with which one putts 轻击棒（杆）2 a person who putts 轻击者

handicap /'hændi,kæp/ [C] (in golf and other games) the amount by which a better player, animal, etc, is put at a disadvantage against others in competition（在高尔夫球或其它比赛中附加给强手的）不利条件：What is his handicap？-He has a handicap of 4．他要让多少？-他要让四杆.

par /pa:/1 [U] the number of strokes the ave-rage player should take to hit the ball into a hole or into all the holes（把球打进一个洞或所有的洞的）标准杆数：Par for the 18th hole is 4．打进十八号洞的标准杆数是四杆.He did a parround (= went round the course getting the average score）.他以标准杆数打完全场.He didthe course in 4 under par, which was pretty good.他以低于标准杆数四杆打完全场，这个成绩相当不错．2［T1］ to play the number of strokes for(a hole or all the holes) which is equal to par 以标准杆数把球打进（一洞或全部的洞）：Heparred the 18th hole．他以标准杆数把球打进第十八洞.

（其余见彩图）

K199 nouns，etc 名词等：horse riding（见937页彩图）骑马

[ALSO→A51]

riding／＇raidi／， also 又作 horse riding ［U］ the skill or exercise of riding a horse 骑马：Let＇s do some riding.让我们去骑一会儿马吧.Riding

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K200 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

is his favourite sport. 骑马是他最喜爱的运动.She is enjoying her riding lessons.她乐于上骑术训练课.

the movements and speeds of a horse ［C；lø，T1］马的动作与速度

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| walk (slowest) | He walked the horse |
| 慢步（最慢） | across the field.他骑着马慢步穿过田野.The horse- |
|  | men rode at a walk.骑手 |
|  | 们骑马慢行. |
| trot | The horse trotted away. |
| 小跑；快步 | 马快步走开.The horsemen |
|  | rode up (= nearer) at a |
|  | trot.骑手们骑马小跑过来. |
| canter | Several horses cantered |
| 慢跑步 | past.好几匹马以中等速度 |
|  | 跑过去了.They rode past |
| 0 | at a fast canter.他们骑着 |
|  | 马很快地跑过去了. |
| gallop(fastest) | Gallop！快跑！They gal- |
| 疾驰；飞跑（最快） | loped past on theirhorses. |
| 他们策马疾驰而过.They |
| rode past at a gallop/at |
| the gallop.他们骑马飞跑过 |
| 去了.He heard the soundof galloping horses.他听 |

rider/'raidə/ [C] 1 someone who rides, esp a horse 骑···的人；（尤指）骑马的人：That is hishorse，but who is the rider？那是他的马，但骑马的人是谁？2［C9］someone who rides， esp a horse （with the stated degree of skill）（骑术达到某种程度的）骑手：She＇s a good rider；she sits a horse well.她是个出色的骑手；她马骑得很好.I'm afraid he's no rider (= he can't ride well). 我恐怕他不会骑马.

horseman/'ho:smən/ [C] someone who rides a horse generally, or on a particular occasion is riding a horse 骑手；骑马者：He is a good horse-man.他是个出色的骑手.Several horsemen rode past.几个骑手骑着马过去了.horsewoman[fem]

show jumping [U] a riding competition judged on ability and (usu) speed in jumping a course of fences 骑马越障碍比赛

jumper /'d3ampə/[C] a horse that is good at jumping 善于越障碍的马

show jumper [C] a horse that is ridden in show-jumping 参加越障碍比赛的马

harness /'ĥa:nis/1 [U;C usu sing] the leather bands held together by metal which are used to control a horse or fasten it to a cart 笼头；挽具2［T1］ to put （esp a horse） in harness， esp for riding or pulling a vehicle 给（尤指马）上挽具；把马套上笼头：He harnessed the horses to the cart.他把马套到车上.

rein/rein/ [C often pl with sing meaning] a long narrow band, usu of leather, by which a horse

(other animal, or sometimes a child) is some-times controlled and guided（牵马或其它牲畜的）缰绳；（一端系住幼儿身体另一端由成人牵执的）安全绳套：Don＇t hold the reins so tightly.别把缰绳拉得那么紧.Pull on the rein to stop thehorse.拉紧缰绳把马停住.draw rein to go moreslowly 勒马；慢行：He didn＇t draw rein till he reached the river.到达河边后他才勒马慢行.give(free) rein to to give freedom to (feelings or desires）放任；放纵（感情或欲望）：He gave freerein to his imagination.他让他的想象自由驰骋.keep a tight rein on to control firmly 对···严加约束或控制：She kept a tight rein on thehorse／（fig）on her feelings.她极力控制住马／自己的感情.take the reins to become （or make oneself) the person driving a horse-drawn carriage or (fig) making the decisions 握着缰绳；成为赶车人／决策者

saddle/'sædl/1 [C] a usu leather seat made to fit over the back of a horse, etc, for a rider to sit on 马鞍；鞍座2［T1］to put a saddle on（给马）装鞍：Saddle the horses.给马装鞍.saddle up ［v adv T1；IØ］ to get （a horse） ready 为马套上马鞍；备马：Saddle up（your horses）！备马！ （其余见彩图）

K200 nouns，etc 名词等：horseracing，etc 赛马等

thoroughbred /'θArə,bred/ [C; Wa5; B] (an animal, esp a horse) descended from parents of one particular type with the (supposed) best qualities, esp a horse used for racing (a racehorse）纯种的（马等，尤指比赛用马）；良种的；纯种动物

jockey /'d3pki/ [C] a person who rides in horse races，esp professionally（赛马的）职业骑师

racecourse ／＇reis，ko：s／ also 又作 esp AmE racetrack /'reis,træk/ [C] a place where esp horses race; the whole area where horses race including the buildings nearby and the places from which people watch（赛马）跑道；赛马场

races /'reisiz/ [the P] (an occasion of) horse-racing 赛马：He＇s at the races today.他今天在看赛马.

track/træk/[the R] not fml the racetrack, for horses or cars（赛马或赛车的）跑道

turf／t3：f／［the R］1 the racecourse for horses 赛马场2 horseracing 赛马：He is more interested in the turf than in working.他对赛马比对工作更感兴趣.

paddock/'pædək/[C] the enclosure in which the horses are made ready for a race（赛马前马匹集中的）围场

starting gate [C] the line of boxes with small gates in which the horses and riders stand in a line, and which open at the same moment to start a race（赛马时的）起跑门；起赛闸

straight /streit/[C] a straight part or place, esp on a racetrack（跑道的）直线部分

finishing post/line [C] the post or line at the last point in a race 终点标杆／终点线

flat racing [U] the sport of horseracing on flat

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ground with nothing to be jumped over（无需跳越障碍物的）平地赛马

steeplechase/'stirpəl,tfeis/ 1 [C] a horse race in which the horsesand riders must pass over various difficult jumps 越障碍赛马2［IØ］to ride or run in a steeplechase 进行越障碍赛马

point-to-point/ pointtə'point/ [C] a horse race across open country from one agreed place to another 越野赛马

K201 nouns，etc 名词等：kinds of races in athletics 田径运动中的各种赛跑

[ALSO→M24]

K202 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

one place to another（为了快速传递信息等而用的）接替人员或马匹等 3［T1］ to pass on（infor-mation，etc）in this way 分程传递（消息等）；接转讯息

dash /dæf/ 1 [L9; (IØ)] to run quickly and suddenly 猛冲；疾跑：The runners dashed past.赛跑选手飞快跑了过去.I must dash（off）to catch my train. 我必须飞奔去赶火车.Hesuddenly dashed into the street.他突然冲上街道.They＇ve been dashing about all day.他们整天东奔西跑．2［C usu sing］ a sudden quick run 迅猛的奔跑：make a dash for shelter 奔往掩蔽处3 ［C usu sing］ a short race for runners 短跑： He was in the 60-metre dash and came third. 他参加六十米短跑，获得第三名.

K202 verbs ＆ nouns，etc 动词和名词等：

jumping and throwing, etc, in

athletics 田径运动中的跳跃与投掷等

jump /d3Amp/ 1 [IØ] to move suddenly and

quickly away from where one has been, by

using the legs 跳；跳跃：He jumped up and

down／over the waterlinto the water.他跳上跳下／

跳过水去／跳进水里.He jumped ten feet.他跳过

了十英尺.＇Don＇t jump！＇they shouted to the

man above them.“别跳！”他们向在他们上面的那

个人喊道.She jumped to her feet and ran out

of the room. 她一跃而起，奔出房间.（fig）He

keeps jumping from one subject of conver-

sation to another.他不断地把话题从一个换到另

一个. Don＇t jump the gun （＝ don＇t start

running the race before the gun is fired;(fig)

don＇t act too quickly before you are ready）.别

抢跑（喻：不要匆促行事）．2［T1］ to jump over 跳

过：He jumped the stream．他跳过小溪．3［IØ］

(fig) (esp of money or a quantity) to rise

suddenly（尤指金钱或数量）突升；暴涨；猛增：The

price of oil jumped sharply in 1973.1973 年石

油价格突然猛涨.The number of visitors jumped

last year．去年游客人数剧增．4［IØ］to make any

quick sudden movement as a result of strong

feeling（由于强烈的感受而）剧烈跳动：His heart

jumped for joy.他的心高兴得狂跳.（fig）The

noise nearly made me jump right out of my

skin！那声音吓得我几乎心都跳了出来！5［T1］ to

attack suddenly 突然袭击：They jumped me

and ran off with all my money.他们突然袭击

我，抢了我所有的钱逃跑了．6［C］an act of jump-

ing（一下）跳跃：That was a good jump！这一下

跳得好！She did a jump of two metres.她跳了

两米.（fig） The number of visitors took a jump

last year．去年游客人数剧增．7［C］something to

be jumped（需跳越的）障碍物：The horse took

the jump well.这匹马越过了障碍，跳得不错.The

horse fell at the water jump.马在跳越水潭时摔

倒了.

high jump [C] a sport in which people jump

over a bar which is raised higher and higher

跳高

fresh supply of people, horses, etc, for use in long jump [C] a sport in which people jump as

far as possible in distance along the ground 跳

race /reis/[C] 1 [(against, between, with)]a competition in speed and/or getting some-where first（速度上的）比赛；赛跑：They had arace and he lost the race.他们赛跑；他跑输了.Itwas a ten-mile race.那是十英里赛跑.They won the boat race．他们在划船比赛中获胜．2 lit anonward course as of time or life 时间的进程；人生的历程：The old man＇s race of life was nearly run．这位老人的人生路程快要走完了．3（fig）astrongflow of water（江、海的）急流：a tide-race 急潮流 a race against time an effort to do something before a certain time 和时间赛跑[ALSO■K101]

races /'reisiz/ [P] occasions in sports when people run in races against each other 赛跑会： Did he win in the races？他在赛跑会上获胜了吗？

sprint /sprint/1 [IØ; T1] to run (a short dis-tance） as fast as possible 用全速奔跑；冲刺（尤指短距离）：He sprinted after the bus.他拼命追赶公共汽车．2［C］a short fast race 全速疾跑；短（距离赛）跑：He won the 100-metre sprint．他获百米赛跑第一名.

marathon/'mærə,θən/ 1 [C; the R] a long race of many miles (or kilometres), esp at large sports occasions 马拉松长跑：He ran in the marathon. 他参加了马拉松赛跑.He is amarathon runner．他是马拉松赛跑选手．2［C］(fig) any activity that tests one's power over a long time，etc 任何考验耐力的活动：Theyheld a dancing marathon.他们举行了一次马拉松舞会（时间很长的舞会）．3［A］ somethingvery long 需时长的东西：He made a mara-thon speech of six hours.他作了长达六小时的演讲.

hurdles /'h3:dlz/ [U] a kind of running race in which one must also jump over fairly low wooden frames（hurdles）跳栏赛跑；跨栏赛跑： She won the women＇s hurdles.她赢得女子跳栏赛第一名.

relay／ri：＇leI／1［C］also 又作 relay race a kind of running race in which a runner in a team passes a small stick (a baton) to the next runner in the team 接力赛跑：Óur team won the relay.我们队在接力赛中获胜.He＇s a goodrelay runner．他是个优秀的接力跑选手．2［C］asending information or in going quickly from

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K203 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

远：He did well in the long jump.他跳远成绩不错.The standing long jump， when you can＇t take a run, is harder than the usual running long jump.无助跑的立定跳远难于一般有助跑的跳远.

vault/vo:lt/1 [T1; L9] to jump over (something) in one movement using the hands or a pole to gain more height or force 以手撑物跃过；撑竿跳过：He put his hand on the gate and vaulted it easily.他手撑在栅门上，轻轻一按就跳过去了.Hecame to the gate and vaulted over.他来到栅门边，手撑着围栅一跃而过.When he was young hecould vault onto the back of a horse.他年轻时用手一按马鞍就能跳上马背．2［C］a jump madeby vaulting 撑物跳跃；撑竿跳：He went over the gate in a single vault.他用手一撑栅栏，一下就跳过栅门去了.

pole vault [C;the R] a jump made with the help of a long pole 撑竿跳高：He won the pole vault.他在撑竿跳高比赛中获胜.pole-vault［IØ］to jump in this way 撑竿跳高：He＇s good at pole-vaulting／a good pole-vaulter.他善于撑竿跳高／是一个撑竿跳高的好手.

triple jump [the R; S] an athletics event in which people take off and land on one foot, then jump on one foot and land on the other, and finish with a jump onto both feet 三级跳远

leap /li:p/1 [IØ; TÍ] to jump with special force, very suddenly，etc 跃；跳：He leaped up.他跳了起来.She leapt（over） the wall.她跳过墙去. （fig）Prices just leapt last year.去年物价猛涨. Her heart leapt when she saw him.她一见到他心就狂跳起来．2［C］an act of leaping 跳跃：What a leap！跳得多好！

hop/hpp/1[IØ; T1] to jump on one foot or with both feet together 单足或双足跳：This is a hopping race; let's see who can hop the fastest．这是一场单足跳比赛，看谁跳得最快．2［C］an act of hopping（一下）单（双）足跳

skip/skip/1[IØ] to jump lightly or quickly,esp on one foot 跳；蹦（尤指用一只脚轻快或急速地跳）：The girl was skipping over a rope. 那女孩在跳绳．2［C］an act of skipping（一下）轻跳： She gave a quick skip.她轻快地一跳.Her heart gave a skip when she saw him.她看见他时心头一跳.

clear/kliə/ [T1] to jump over or beyond (a usu stated thing）越过；跳过：He jumped and just cleared the bar／top of the wall.他一跳正好越过横杆／墙头.She cleared ten feet （＝ jumped over or beyond ten feet）.她跳了十英尺（高或远）.

put the shot to throw a heavy ball (the shot) with a forward movement of the hand from the shoulder 推铅球 shot-putter ［C］ a person who puts the shot 推铅球的人 shot put ［the R］ a competition or activity of doing this 推铅球比赛；推铅球

throw the hammer to throw a heavy metal ball on the end of a wire as far as possible 掷链球throwing the hammer the sport or compe-tition of doing this 掷链球运动；掷链球比赛

discus /'diskəs/ [C; the R] (the activity of throwing) a heavy plate of wood, metal,or stone（掷）铁饼：Throwing the discus／The dis-

cus throw was an ancient Greek sport, and is included in athletics today.掷铁饼是古希腊的一项运动，今天被列为田径运动项目.

javelin/'d3ævəlin/ [C; the R] (the activity of throwing）a light spear（掷）标枪

K203 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：

swimming and other water sports 游泳与其它水上运动

[ALSO→M19]

swim /swim/ 1 [IØ; T1; L9] (of persons and animals） to move a distance in the water 游泳： Can you swim？你会游泳吗？He swam the 100 metres very well.他一百米游泳很出色.Sheswam（across） the river．她游过河去了．2［C usu sing］ an act or occasion of swimming （一次）游泳：Enjoy your swim！尽情地游吧！Hewent for a swim in the lake. 他去湖里游泳.swimmer [C] a person who swims or is swim-ming 游泳者

swimming/'swimuj/[U] the sport and skill,etc, of swimming 游泳运动：He went swimming in the river.他去河里游泳.Their swimming team won the races.他们的游泳队比赛获胜.

crawl／kro：l／also 又作 Australian crawl［（the） S]a fast way of swimming while lying on one's stomach in the water, moving first one arm and then the other, and at the same time kicking the feet up and down 自由式游泳；爬泳

breaststroke /'brest,strəuk/ [(the) S] a way of swimming in which the body is pushed forward by both arms before the face and a strong kicking movement of the legs rather like a frog［→A94］俯泳；蛙泳

backstroke／＇bæk，strəuk／ also 又作 back crawl ［（the） S］ a way of swimming on one＇s back 仰泳

butterfly (stroke) /'batə,flai (strəuk)/ [(the) S] a way of swimming in which both arms are lifted at the same time 蝶泳

dive/daiv/1 [IØ (in, off, from,into)] to jump head first into water（头先入水）跳水：The boy ran to the side of the pool and dived in.男孩奔向池边，跳入水中．2［IØ（down，for）］ to gounder the surface of the water 潜水：They were diving for pearls．他们潜水采珠．3［IØ（down）］ （of a plane） to go down steeply and swiftly（飞机）俯冲：The plane dived sharply and then rose again．飞机猛地俯冲下来，然后又升起．4［L9］(on land) to move quickly, esp downwards, head first，or out of sight（在陆地上）突然头朝下钻；突然潜匿：The rabbit dived into its hole. 野兔钻入洞穴.He got close to me and suddenly dived at／for my legs.他靠近我，突然朝我的两条腿猛扑过来．5［L9］ to move one＇s hand（s） quickly and suddenly deep into something, esp in order to get something out 把手突然伸人（尤指为取出某物）：He dived into the bag andbrought out two red apples.他把手猛地伸进口袋，拿出两只红苹果．6［L9 esp in］（fig） to enterquickly and suddenly into some matter or

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activity 钻研；探究；投入：He had never studied French before, but he just dived in and started trying to speak it.他以前从未学过法语，但他一头钻了进去学，并且开始练习讲了．7［C］ anact of diving 跳水；潜水；俯冲；突然下降；猛冲；突然隐去：She made a beautiful dive into the pool.她姿势优美地跳入池中.When the shotssounded in the street we made a dive for the nearest doorway.街上响起枪声，我们立即躲进离得最近的门道里.

diving board [C] a board fixed at one end, esp high off the ground, from which people dive into water 跳板

(swimming) pool /('swimi) pu:l/ [C] a large pool, indoors or outdoors, specially made for people to swim and play in（室内或室外）游泳池：He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in at the deep end.他跑到游泳池边，跳入深水区.

deep end [C] the deep part of a swimming pool，esp deeper than a person＇s height 游泳池深水区（水深超过一人的高度）

shallow end [C] the shallow part of a swim-ming pool 游泳池浅水区

wade/weid/1[IØ] to move through water,snow, etc 涉水；（在雪中）跋涉：He waded （through the water） to get to us.他涉水向我们走来.The chil-dren were wading in the sea.孩子们在海边涉水玩.（fig）He waded slowly through the long， uninteresting book.他缓慢而吃力地阅读这本长而乏味的书．2［T1］to cross by wading 涉过（河）；徒涉：He waded the river．他涉水过河．3［S］an act of wading 涉水；跋涉；玩水：The children went for a wade.孩子们涉水玩去了.

paddle /'pædl/ 1 [IØ; T1] to put (the feet) or wade, esp in very shallow water or for pleasure 在浅水中行走；涉水；（用脚）玩水：Thechildren went paddling in the sea.孩子们去海边玩水.He paddled（his feet） in the warm water．他（用脚）在温水中玩水．2［S］an act ofpaddling 涉水；在浅水中行走；玩水：Let＇s go fora paddle in the sea.我们去海边浅水的地方玩吧.

skin diving [U] the sport of underwater swim-ming without heavy breathing apparatus and not wearing a protective suit（不带沉重呼吸装备，不穿潜水衣）赤身潜水 skin diver［C］a per-son who goes skin diving 赤身潜水者

aqualung /'ækwə,l^g/ [C] an apparatus with air in a container to carry on one's back that helps one swim for a long time under water 水肺（指潜水员背的氧气瓶连同面罩等）；水中呼吸器

surfing/'s3:fin/ [U] the sport of riding waves that are coming towards the shore by standing or lying on a special board （a surfboard） 冲浪运动

surfboard /'s3:f,bo:d/ [C] a long narrow piece of plastic, wood, etc, for riding on waves as they come in towards the shore（冲浪运动用的） 冲浪板

windsurfing\_/'wind,s3:fu/ [U] the sport of riding on sailboards 驾帆板运动；风帆滑浪

sailboard /'seil,bo:d/ [C] a flat floating board with a sail fixed to it which is used by one person standing up in the sport of windsurfing

K204 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

（驾帆板运动所用的）帆板；风帆滑水板；风浪板

water skiing /'wo:tə ski:n/ [U] a sport in which one travels over water on skis, pulled by a boat 滑水运动（由快艇拖曳在水面滑行）

K204 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：skating and skiing（见937页彩图）溜冰与滑雪

(ice)skate /('ais)skert/ [C] either of two special shoes (skates) fitted with a metal blade each, for moving fast on ice 溜冰鞋（ice-）skate ［IØ］ to move on ice skates 溜冰：Let＇s go ice-skating！ 我们溜冰去！She skates well.她溜冰溜得很好.

ski /ski:/ 1 [C] one of two long thin runners made of wood, plastic, or metal, worn on the feet for sliding over snow， esp down hills 滑雪板2［IØ；（T1）］to move （a distance） on skis 滑雪：She loves skiing.她喜欢滑雪.What are the skiing conditions like？ 滑雪的环境如何？He skied down the hillside. 他沿着山坡往下滑雪.Can they manage to ski that distance？ 他们能滑得那么远吗？

sledge/sled3/ 1 [C] BrE a vehicle made for sliding along snow or ice on two metal runners 雪橇； 雪车： Small light sledges are used for going down slopes covered in snow.从积雪的山坡上滑下来要用小而轻的雪橇．2［C］espAmE one of these made for carrying heavy loads across snow 运货雪橇：The sledge was pulled by dogs．运货雪橇用狗拖拉．3［IØ］ BrE togo or race down slopes on a sledge 滑雪橇： They went sledging a lot last winter.他们去年冬天常去滑雪橇． 4［IØ； T1］ esp AmE to travel orcarry（something） on a sledge 乘雪橇旅行；用雪橇运送（某物）

sled／sled／esp AmE 1［C］ a small sledge（滑雪用的）小雪橇2［IØ］to go on a sled乘小雪橇

sleigh /sler/ [C] old use & poet a large sledge, esp one pulled by a horse or horses（尤指用马拉的）雪车；雪橇：They went for a sleigh ride in the snow.他们去雪地乘雪橇.

toboggan /tə'bpgən/ 1 [C] a long light board curved up at the front, for carrying people over snow，esp down slopes for sport 平底雪橇； 长滑橇（载人在雪上滑行，尤用于由山坡向下滑作为体育运动）2［IØ］to go or race down slopes on a toboggan or （esp BrE） on a sledge 乘平底雪橇（长滑橇）滑雪；乘雪橇滑雪：He loves goingtobogganing.他喜欢去滑雪橇.

bobsleigh／＇bpb，slei／， also 又作 bobsled／＇bpb-,sled/1[C] a small vehicle that runs over snow on metal blades, built for racing down an ice-covered track and having a movable front part to control direction 大雪橇；连橇（在结冰的跑道向下滑行作为比赛，前端有可控制方向的活动装置）2 ［IØ］ to ride in a bobsleigh 乘大雪橇；乘连橇

roller skate [C] either of two special shoes (skates) that fit below one's usual shoesand have four small wheels, used esp by children 四轮溜冰鞋：The little boy wanted a pair of roller skates.这小男孩想要一对四轮溜冰鞋.roller-skate ［IØ］to move on these 穿四轮溜冰

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K205 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

鞋溜冰：They went roller-skating.他们穿四轮溜冰鞋去溜冰.

skateboard/'skeit,bo:d/ 1 [C] a short board with two small wheels at each end for stand-ing or sitting on and riding（两端各装有两个滑轮的）滑板2［IØ］to ride in this way 溜滑板（其余见彩图）

K205 nouns 名词：shooting at targets 射击运动

[ALSO→H245]

doubles ring outer bull＇s eye 外靶心

三倍环 内靶心

dartboard 圆靶

shooting/'fu:tig/ [U] the act, sport, skill, etc, of using a gun， bow，etc 射击：They went shoot-ing.他们射击去了.They went shooting for pigeons／went pigeon shooting.他们打鸽子去了. He led the shooting party into the woods.他带领射猎队到森林里去了.

shoot/Ju:t/[C] an occasion, usu of a group,to shoot certain animals，birds，etc 射猎会；射击会： They held a pigeon shoot.他们举行了一次射鸽活动.

aim/eim/ [U] the act of aiming or pointing esp a gun, bow, or other object which one intends to fireor throw 瞄准：His aim with a gun isn＇t as good as his aim with a bow.他的枪法不及他的箭法好.Take aim！Fire！瞄准！射击！

archery /'a:tfəri/[U] the sport, skill,etc,of using a bow and arrows 射箭（术）：Archery is a very old sport. 射箭是一项很古老的运动.Shetook part in the archery competition.她参加了射箭比赛.archer［C］a person who shoots with a bow and arrow 弓箭手

darts /da:ts/ [U] a game in which a small pointed object made of wood, plastic, etc (a dart) is thrown at a board marked with numbers （a dartboard） 掷飞镖游戏：He enjoys a game of darts at thepub.他喜欢在酒吧间玩掷飞镖游戏.He＇s a good darts-player.他是位优秀的掷镖手.

target /'ta:git/ [C] 1 a special board at which one aims with a gun，bow，etc 靶：He hit the target every time.他百发百中.The shot missed the target．这一枪脱靶了．2 an animal，person， etc， at which someone aims and／or fires（射击） 目标（人或动物等）：A moving target is difficult

to hit． 移动的目标很难射中．3（fig）somethingwhich one can attack， complain about，etc（批评、攻击等的）对象：The government was the target of his anger．政府成了他发泄怒气的对象．4（fig） something one wants to reach（计划要达到的）目标：Our target for next year is a million pounds more business.我们明年的目标是再多做一百万英镑的生意.

bull＇s-eye／＇bulz，ar／ also 又作 infml bull／bul／ [C] the centre of a target, usu coloured black 靶心；鹄的：Bull＇s-eye！打中了靶心！He hit thebull＇s-eye twice. 他两次击中靶心.He scored three bulls.他三次命中靶心.

inner /'mnə/ [C] the ring in a target just round the bull＇s-eye（紧靠靶心的）内圈：She scored two bulls and an inner.她两次射中靶心，一次射中内圈.

outer/'autə/ [C] the ring round theoutside of a target 靶子的外圈：He scored no bulls，two inners，and several outers.他未中靶心，两次射中内圈，几次射中外圈.

K206 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：fishing and angling 捕鱼与钓鱼

[ALSO→A100]

fish/fif/ 1[IØ] to (try to) catch fish,either in smaller numbers in a river or lake while standing on the bank or in a small boat or in larger numbers in the sea from a larger boat, either as a sport or an occupation 捕（鱼）；钓（鱼）：They were fishing for trout.他们在捕（钓） 鳟鱼．2［T1（out）］ to catch fish in （an area of water）在···中捕（钓）鱼：Can you fish this river？能在这条河中钓鱼吗？These waters havebeen fished out(= so much that there are no fish left）．这片水域的鱼已经被钓光了．3［IØ(for)](fig) infml to try to get, as if by fishing 想方设法得到；转弯抹角地引出：Stop fishing forcompliments! (= Stop trying to get me to say how nice you are）别拐着弯儿要人恭维你了！

fishing/'fifi/ [U] the act, business, or sport of catching or trying to catch fish 钓鱼；捕鱼：He has gone fishing. 他钓鱼去了.A fishing boat sailed into the harbour.一艘渔船驶进港湾.

fisherman /'fifəmən/ [C] a person who fishes either for sport or （esp） as an occupation 捕鱼人；渔夫：The fishermen were putting the fish in boxes.渔民正把鱼装箱.

fishery/'fifəri/ [C] an area esp of a sea where a lot of fishing is done 渔场：The boats were out in the North Sea fisheries.渔船已去北海渔场.

catch/kætf/[C] the amount of fish caught, esp by fishermen at sea 渔获（量）：Did you get／ have a good catch?-No; catches haven't been good lately.你们鱼捕得多不多？-不多，近来渔获量不大.

fishing rod also 又作 rod and line ［C］ a long rod, usu of wood, to which is fixed a strong thread (a fishing line) with a baited hook (a fish hook) on the end,used to catch fish,esp for sport 钓竿

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hook and line [C] a way of fishing usu as a sport, with or without a rod and using a line. with a baited hook on it（用鱼钩、钓丝、鱼饵等）钓鱼（指捕鱼方式）

net/net/1 [C]lengths of string, thread,etc,tied together to form squares and used esp to catch things，esp fish（a fishing net）网（尤指捕鱼用的渔网）：The fishermen dropped their nets into the sea． 渔民在海中下网．2［T1］tocatch in a net 用网捕：They netted a lot of fish／ a good catch.他们网到了很多鱼.

angling/'ængln/ [U] the sport of catching fish with a rod and line 垂钓；钓鱼：He has written a book about angling.他写了一本关于钓鱼的书.

angler /'ænglə/ [C] a person who fishes with a rod and line 钓鱼者：He＇s a keen angler.他是个钓鱼迷.

bait /beit/1 [U] food or something which looks like food used to catch an animal or (esp) a fish esp when put on a hook（鱼）饵：What bait do you use？你用什么作鱼饵？2［T1］to putbait on 装饵于：He baited his hook， cast， and waited.他把饵装在钩上，抛出去，然后就等待着.

cast /ka:st/ 1 [IØ; (T1)] to send (one's line, hook, etc) out into the water by moving one's rod in a special quick action 抛（鱼钩）：He cast

K207 OUTDOOR GAMES 户外运动

beautifully.他抛钩的动作十分漂亮.2[C] an actof casting（鱼钩的）一抛：That was a nice cast. 这一下抛得好.

K207 nouns，etc 名词等：mountaineering ［U］登山运动

mountaineering /,mauntr'nərn/ the skill, hobby,or sport of going up mountains, esp those which are difficult to go up 登山运动：He has been interested in mountaineering for years．他爱好登山运动已有多年．mountaineer 1[C] a person who is skilled in mountaineering 爬山家；登山者；登山运动员 2［IØ］to climbmountains 爬山；登山

climbing /'klaimi/ the act of going up, esp mountains, esp as a sport, hobby, etc; infml mountaineering 爬（山）：He started climbing as a boy and has climbed some of the highest mountains in the world.他从小就开始爬山，他爬过一些世界上最高的山.climber［C］ a personwho climbs；infml a mountaineer 爬山者；爬山家；登山运动员

L

Space and time

空间与时间

The universe

宇宙

L1 nouns 名词：the universe and nature 宇宙与自然

universe /'ju:nəv3:s/ [the R; (C)] everything that exists，esp the stars and space 天地万物；宇宙（尤指星辰和太空）

cosmos/'kpzmps/[the R sometimes cap] fml, poet ＆ pomp the universe 宇宙

creation /krr'eıfən/ [usu cap]1[U] esp poet the whole universe 整个宇宙2［the R］ the story of the earth＇s origin esp as told in the Bible（尤指《圣经》所说的）创世；创造天地

space/speis/[U often in comb] what is outside earth's air and in which the sun, stars, etc, move空间；太空：They travelled through space to the moon in a spaceship.他们坐太空船穿过太空去月球.

void／void／［the R］ poet space 空间；太空：A ball of fire seemed to fall out of the void.一个火球好像从天而降.

nature /'neitfə/ [U often cap] 1 the way things are, esp plants and animals; the whole world, esp as something not used or changed by people 大自然；自然界；宇宙万物：The child loveseverything to do with nature.这孩子喜爱和大自然有关的一切东西.Isn＇t Nature wonderful？大千世界不奇妙吗？It was so quiet that all Nature seemed to be asleep.万籁俱寂，大自然像是入睡了.He enjoys the beauties of nature.他喜欢自然界的美景.Some ancient peoples had nature gods／worshipped （the powers of） nature.有些古代民族有许多大自然的神祇／崇拜自然（的力量）．2also 又作（humor ＆ with children） Mother Nature the force which controls the world independently of people 大自然；自然力：Cats are (Mother) Nature's way of limiting the number of mice.猫是大自然限制老鼠数量的方法.Growing crops in that place is a struggle against nature.在那个地方种庄稼是与自然搏斗.

L2 nouns 名词： planets， suns， and stars 行星、恒星与星辰

planet/'plænit/ [C] a large body in space that

moves round a star， esp round the sun 行星： The Earth is a planet. 地球是颗行星.Theplanet Jupiter is very large.木星是颗很大的行星.world／w3ild／1 ［C］ infml a planet 行星：Nine worlds go round our sun. 九颗行星围绕太阳转.2 ［the R］ the planet earth 地球；世界：He has been in most parts of the world.他到过世界上大部分地区．3 ［the S of］ a particular area， subject，or interest···世界；区域；···界；领域：He has a book called ＇The World of Sport＇.他有一本名为《运动世界》的书.

sun/san/1 [the R] the great ball of burning gas which gives us light，heat，etc（见L4插图）太阳2［C］any other such ball 恒星 sunny［Wal； B］ warm and bright becuse of the sun 阳光充足的；晴朗的：a sunny day 晴朗的日子；（fig）asunny smile 灿烂的笑容

star /sta:/ [C] a sun that is so far away that it seems just a point of light 星： The night was clear and the sky was full of stars.夜空如洗，繁星点点.

moon /mu:n/ 1 [the R] the body which moves round the earth once every 28 days, and can be seen shining palely in the sky at night 月亮；月球：It was a dark night； the moon was hidden behind the clouds.夜色沉沉，月亮躲进了云层后面．2［S］ this body as it appears at a particular time（指不同时间有不同形状的）月亮：On thenight of the attack, there was a moon that gave more.help to the defenders than to the attack-ing army.进攻的那晚有月亮，守方比进攻的一方就更为有利.Last night there was a full moon（＝ with the whole front part lit up, when opposite the sun）．昨晚圆月高挂．3［C］a body that turns round a planet other than the earth（围绕其它行星运行的）卫星：Saturn has several moons.土星有好几颗卫星.

satellite/'sætəlait/1[C]a heavenly body moving round a large one （a planet）； a moon 卫星：The moon is a satellite of the earth.月亮是地球的卫星．2 ［C；by U］a man-made object intended to move around the earth, moon, etc, for some purpose 人造卫星：They sent up an unmanned satellite/a communications and weather satel-lite.他们发射了一颗不载人的人造卫星／通讯气象卫星.The broadcast came from America by satel-lite and was heard at the same time in Europe. 这个广播是通过人造卫星从美国传来的，在欧洲可以同时间收听到.

heavenly body [C] esp old use, tech, or poet a planet， star，satellite，etc 天体（星、行星、卫星等）

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L3 nouns 名词： constellations and galaxies，etc 星座与星系等

constellation / konstə'leifən/ [C] a group of stars as seen from the earth 星座：Taurus and Orion are constellations.金牛座和猎户座都是星座.

galaxy/'gæləksi/ 1 [C] any one of the very large groups of stars which make up the universe 星系2 ［the R cap］ the large group of stars in which our own sun and its planets lie, as well as the constellations 银河系；银河

Milky Way [the R] infml that part of the Galaxy seen by us from the earth as a whiish band in the night sky 银河；天河；河汉

solar system [the R; (C)] the nine planets and their moons，etc， together with the sun 太阳系： We may one day be able to go beyond our solar system；who knows？说不定有一天我们能到太阳系以外的地方，谁知道呢？

nebula /'nebjulə/ [C] 1 a mass of gas and dust in space among the stars, appearing often as a bright cloud at night 星云2a galaxy which has this appearance 星云状的星系

nova /'nəuvə/[C]a star which suddenly becomes

L5 THE UNIVERSE 宇宙

much brighter and then becomes gradually fainter 新星（突然增强其光度然后渐渐黯淡的星）

L4 nouns 名词： the planets and Zodiac ［R］（见下面插图）行星与黄道带

L5 nouns 名词： other objects in space ［C］太空中的其它天体

meteor/'mi:trə/1 any of various small pieces of matter floating in space that forma short-lived line of light if they fall into the earth's air （atmosphere） 流星 2 the line of light produced by this（流星的）曳光

meteorite/'mi:tiərait/ a meteor that has landed on the earth without being totally burnt up 陨星；陨石；陨铁

meteoroid /'mi:tiəroid/ 1 a small meteor that travels around the sun 绕太阳转的小流星2ameteor considered without relation to the light it produces when enterig the atmo-sphere 流星体

shooting star infml a meteor(ite) in the

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planetary system

太阳系

Pluto

L6 THE UNIVERSE 宇宙

earth＇s air（飞进地球大气层的）流星；陨星；飞星；贼星

planetoid/'plænə,toid/a small planet[■L2]小行星

asteroid ／＇æstə，roid／also 又作 minor planet one of many small planets between Mars and Jupiter（火星和木星轨道间的）小行星

comet/'komit/ a heavenly body with a very bright head and long less bright tail that moves round the sun in orbit［■L9］彗星

L6 adjectives，etc 形容词等：relating to

the universe，etc［Wa5；B］与宇宙等有关的

价钱太高了．-（al）ly ［adv Wa4］astronomer［C］ a scientist who specializes in astronomy 天文学家

astrology /ə'stroləd3i/ the art of understanding the (supposed) influence on events, character, and fate of the groupings and positions of the sun, moon,stars, and planets and of telling the future from them 占星术 astrological [Wa5;B] of,connected with,or like astrology 占星术的；似占星术的-ly［adv Wa4］ astrologer［C］a person skilled in astrology 占星家

L8 nouns 名词：the Zodiac（见L4插图）黄道带

universal/'ju:nəv3:səl/ happening or found ev-erywhere 各处发生的；各处都有的；普遍的：Thereis no language on earth that is completely universal.世界上没有一种各地可以完全通用的语言.-ly［adv］

cosmic /'kozmik/ relating to the universe or cosmos [→L1] or to things happening in or coming from space 宇宙的；在太空发生的；来自太空的：Cosmic rays ［■L22］ travel great dis-tances through space.宇宙射线在太空中能射得很远.

planetary /'plænə,təri/ of or like a planet [→L2］行星的；似行星的

worldwide／＇w3：ld＇waid／［also 又作 adv］ in or over all the world 遍及全球的；世界范围的；遍及全球地；在世界各地：French cheeses are famous worldwide.法国干酪享誉全球.His fame isworldwide.他誉满世界.This book has world-wide sales.这本书畅销世界各地.

solar／＇səulə／ of or concerning the sun 太阳的； 与太阳有关的

stellar／＇stelə／ of or concerning the stars 星的；星球的

lunar／＇lu：nə／1 of or concerning the moon 月球的；月亮的2 measured by the spinning of the moon 按月球的运转而测定的；阴历的；太阴的：Alunar month is the period between two new moons．一个太阴月是两次新月之间的这段时间．3made for use on or around the moon 供登月球或环绕月球之用的：lunar vehicles 月球车

galactic /gə'læktik/ of or concerning a galaxy or（cap） the Galaxy［→L3］太空星群的；银河系的

nebular /'nebjulə/ of, related to, or like a nebula 星云的；星云状的

L7 nouns 名词： astronomy and astrology［U］天文学与占星术

astronomy /ə'strpnəmi/ the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, and other heavenly bodies 天文学 astronomic（al）［Wa5；B］1 of， connected with，or like astronomy 天文学的；似天文学的2（fig）very great 极大的；天文数字的：The distance／price is astronomic.这地方太远了／

zodiac/'zəudr,æk/1 [the R usu cap] an imagi-nary belt through space along which the sun, the moon, and the nearest heavenly bodies (planets) appear to travel, and which is di-vided into twelve equal parts (signs), each named after a group (constellation) of stars which were once in them 黄道带（太阳、月亮及邻近行星所组成的假想带，太阳、月亮和各行星似在此带内运行，可分为十二等分，各依星座命名）2［C］a circular representation of this with pictures and names for each sign, esp as used by peo-ple (astrologers) who believe in the influence of the stars on one＇s character and fate 黄道十二宫图（用于占星术中）

sign (of the Zodiac) [C] any of the twelve divisions of the year represented by groups of stars 黄道十二宫中的任何一宫；（占星术的）星座：What sign were you born under？你的生辰属于什么星座？

L9 nouns， etc 名词等：some

astronomical terms 一些天文学术语

orbit/'o:bit/1 [C] a the path of one heavenly body round another（天体的）轨道：the earth＇s orbit round the sun 地球绕太阳运行的轨道b thepath of a man-made object round the earth or another heavenly body 人造卫星的轨道2［C］ (fig) the area within which one person or thing can have an effect upon others 势力范围； 影响范围：Xis within Y＇s orbit.X在Y的势力范围之内．3［Wv4；T1；IØ］ to move in an orbit round （something） 循轨道运行：How many times has Sputnik orbited the earth？前苏联首颗人造卫星绕地球转了多少圈？

gravity ／＇grævəti／ also 又作 gravitation /,grævə'teifən/ [U] the natural force by which objects are attracted to each other, esp that by which a large mass pulls a smaller one to it 万有引力；地心吸力；重力：Anything that isdropped falls towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of gravity.因有地心吸力，任何落体都朝地心方向落去.

eclipse /r'klips/ 1 [C] the disappearance, com-plete or in part, of the sun's light when the

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moon passes between it and the earth, or of the moon's light when the earth passes between it and the sun（太阳和月亮的）蚀；食：There will be an eclipse of the sun tomorrow. 明天有日蚀．2［C；U］（fig）the loss of fame， power，success，etc（名声、威望、权力等的）丧失（often in the phr in eclipse 黯然失色）：Our po-litical party suffered an eclipse at the last elec-tion when none of its representatives was elected to Parliament.上届选举我们政党没有一名代表当选国会议员，声望因此一落千丈.She usedto be a famous actress but she's now in eclipse; she never appears on the stage now.她过去是著名演员，现在却黯然无光了；她再不会登台表演了.3 [T1 usu pass] (fig) to cover completely; make unimportant 掩蔽；使黯然失色：Our politi-cal party was eclipsed at the last election; no one was elected.在上次选举中我们的政党威风扫地；没有一人当选.partial eclipse an eclipse which is not complete 偏蚀 total eclipse an eclipse which is complete 全蚀

L10 nouns 名词：some geographical terms（见L12插图）一些地理术语

pole /pəul/ [C] either end of an imaginary straight line (axis) around which a solid round mass turns，esp 假想自转轴的任何一端，尤指a（the lands around） the most northern and southern points on the surface of the earth or of another planet（地球或其它行星的）北极；南极b the two points in the sky to the north and south around which stars seem to turn 北天极； 南天极（地球自转轴延长线和天球相交的两点，众星似绕此两极而转动）

axis /'æksis/ [C] an imaginary straight line on which the earth or a planet turns 自转轴；地轴

equator /r'kweitə/ [the R often cap] an imagin-ary line (line of latitude) drawn round the world halfway between its most northern and southern points （poles）赤道

hemisphere/'heməsfiə/[C] a half of the earth, esp the northern or southern above and below the equator 半球（尤指南半球和北半球）

tropic /'tropik/ [C] one of the two imaginary lines (lines of latitude) drawn around the world at about 231° north (the tropic of Cancer) and south (the tropic of Capricorn) of the equator（北或南）回归线

tropics/'trppiks/ [the P] the hot part of the world between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn 热带；热带地区：He lived in the tropics for years.他在热带居住了多年.

zone /zəun/ [C] 1 one of the five divisions of the earth's surface according to temperature, marked by imaginary lines running round it from east to west（地球上的）带；地带：Britain is in the northern temperate zone. 英国地处北温带．2 an area or division marked off from others by particular qualities（具有某特征的）地区；区域：That is a danger zone； don＇t go there. 那是危险区；别到那里去.

L12 THE UNIVERSE 宇宙

L11 adjectives 形容词：some

geographical terms 一些地理术语

[ALSO → L63 HOT;L66 COLD]

polar /'pəulə/ [Wa5] of,near, like, or coming from lands near the North or South Pole (and therefore very cold）北极的；南极的；近北极或南极的；似北极或南极的；来自北极或南极地区的（因此很冷）

equatorial /,ekwə'torriəl/ [Wa5] of, concerning, near, or like the equator (and therefore very hot）赤道的；近赤道的；似赤道的（因此很热）

tropical /'tropikal/1 of, related to, concerning, or living in the tropics 热带的；热带地方的；生长于热带的：The tropical sun was too much for him．他受不了热带的烈日．2 very hot 炎热的；酷热的：We had almost tropical weather last summer.去年夏天热极了.

temperate /'tempərit/1 (of parts of the world) free from very high or very low temperatures （指世界上某些地区）气候温和的：The temperateareas of the world are found north or south of the tropics.世界上气候温和的地区位于热带的南北两面．2（of persons） practising or showing self-control（指人）有节制的；自我克制的；适度的：Try to be more temperate in your drinking.你喝酒要有些节制.

frigid /'frid3id/1 (of places) very cold; having a continuously low temperature（指地区）寒冷的； 持续低温的：The air on the mountain top was frigid.山顶上寒气袭人.The parts of the world near the North and South Poles are called the frigid zones.世界上靠近南北两极的地区被称为寒带．2（of persons） very unfriendly（指人）冷淡的；冷若冰霜的 3（of a woman） having anunnatural dislike for sexual activity（指妇女）性冷感的

torrid．／＇tprid／1（of places） very hot（指地区）炎热的；酷热的：Most of the earth＇s torrid areas are found in the torrid zone between the tropics.地球上气候炎热的地区大都在南北回归线间的热带．2（of feelings） strongly felt 热情的；热烈的：They had a torrid love affair.他们曾经热恋过．3（of stories，etc） concerning or de-scribing strong feelings，etc（故事等）感情强烈的；描写强烈感情的：It was a torrid story of sexand violence.这是一则充满性与暴力的激情故事.

L12 nouns 名词：some terms relating to direction and position 一些有关方向与方位的术语

direction /də'rekfən/ [C; U] the point towards which a person or thing faces 方向；方位：What direction was he going in？他朝哪个方向走的？The house faces in a southerly direction (= towards the south）.这房子朝南.He has a good sense of direction (= He can find his way easily from place to pace）.他方向感很强.

point of the compass [C]a direction as marked on a compass ［→H122］罗经点（罗盘上的方位刻度）

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L13 THE UNIVERSE 宇宙

northern hemisphere axis

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南极圈

the globe

地球仪

degree /dr'gri:/ [C] a point of measurement of distance 度；度数

bearing/'beərn/ [C] the direction in which a place lies, a person travels, a line extends, etc （as measured in degrees）（用度数测量的）方位； 方向：He travelled on a bearing of 44 degrees west.他朝西四十四度的方向而去.Take a com-pass bearing on that building.用罗盘测量那座建筑物的方位.bearings ［P］ position in re-lation to direction 相对的位置；方向：The soldiers lost their bearings in the hills.士兵们在山里迷失了方向.

latitude/'lætə,tju:d/ [U; S] the distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees 纬度：The latitude of the ship is 20 degrees south.船的位置在南纬二十度.latitudes ［P］adistrict or area at a certain latitude 在某一纬度上的地区：High latitudes are those areas a long way north or south of the equator.高纬度地区是指离赤道极北或极南的地区.

meridian /mə'rıdıən/ 1 [C] an imaginary line drawn from the top point of the earth (the North Pole) to the bottom round the edge of the earth, and used on maps to show position 子午圈（线）2［（the）R；（C）］tech the highest point， esp of a star 顶点；最高点（尤指星辰）：Thesun is at its meridian．日升中天．3［（the）R； (C)] tech midday, when the sun reaches its highest point 正午；日中

longitude /'lpnd3ətju:d/ [U;C] the position east or west of a meridian, usu measured,in degrees，from Greenwich 经度：The town is at longitude 50 degrees west．该镇位于西经五十度．

grid /grid/ [C] a system of numbered squares printed on a map formed from lines of lati-tude and longitude so that the exact position

of any place on it may be stated or found 地图上的座标方格（标有号码方便查找）：What is thegrid reference ［■G91］ of the church？教堂在地图上的座标方格是什么号码？

L13 nouns，etc 名词等：compass directions 罗盘方位

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指针 the compass

罗盘；指南针

north /no:θ/ [often cap]1[(the) R](the direc-tion of) one of the four main points of the compass (N), which is on the left of a person facing the rising sun 北；北方：I＇m lost-which direction is north？我迷路了-哪个方向是北？The house has a window facing the north.这房子有一扇朝北的窗子.He stood near the northwall ofthe building.他站在离房子北墙不远的地方．2 ［the R；A］（of a wind） （coming from） this direction 北（风）：That＇s a cold north wind.北风凛冽.The wind＇s in the north today.今天刮北风．3［the R］ the part of a country which is further north than the rest（一个国家的）北方； 北部

south /sauθ/[often cap]1 [(the) R] (the direc-tion of) one of the four main points of the compass (S), which is on the right of a person facing the rising sun 南； 南方2 ［the R；A］（of a wind）（coming from） this direction 南（风）： That＇s a warm south wind．这是温暖的南风．3[the R] the part of a country which is further south than the rest（一个国家的）南部；南方

east/i:st/[often cap]1 [(the) R] the direction in which the sun rises 东；东方：They say their prayers facing towards the east.他们脸向东方祷告.The east window in the church is beauti-ful．教堂里朝东的那扇窗子很美．2［the R；A］（ofa wind） （coming from） this direction 东（风）： That＇s a cold east wind．那是一阵寒冷的东风．3[the R; A] one of the four main points of the compass, which is on the right of a person facing north 罗盘上的东方4［the R］ the eastern part of the world，esp Asia（世界的）东方（尤指

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亚洲）5［the R］ the part of a country which is further east than the rest（一个国家的）东部；东方

west/wes/ [often cap] 1 [(the) R] one of the four main points of the compass which is on the left of a person facing north 西；西方2［the R;A](of a wind) (coming from) this direction 西（风）3 ［the R］ the wesern part of the world， esp Èurope and the Americas（世界的） 西方（尤指西欧和美洲）4［the R］the part of acountry which is further west than the rest（一个国家的）西部；西方

-ern/-3:n/ [suffix] of or belonging to the stated direction（某个）方向的：northern 北方的， southern 南方的，eastern 东方的，western 西方的-erner /-3:nə/ [suffix] a person from the stated direction 从某个方向来的人：northerner，etc 北方人等

-erly/-3:li/ [suffix] 1 [Wa2; B] of,towards, or in the stated direction（某个）方向的：northerly北方的 2（of a wind） coming from the stated direction（风）来自···方的：a westerly wind 西风3［C］the wind itself（某个方向的）风：a westerly 西风

-ernmost/-3:nməust/[suffix] fml farthest in the stated direction 最···方的：easternmost 最东的； 极东的

orient/'o:riənt/[the R often cap] esp fml or lit Asia；the Far East 东方；亚洲；远东 oriental 1 belonging to the orient 东方的；远东的2［C］a person from or in the orient 东方人

occident/'pksədənt/ [the R often cap] esp fml or lit the area of the world most directly influenced by the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, usu thought of as 'the West＇；esp Europe and the Americas 西方（尤指西欧和美洲）occidental 1 ［B］ belonging to the occident 西方的2［C］a person from or in the occident 西方人

L14 adverbs 副词：up north and down south［Wa5］北上与南下

up／Ap／ in or towards the north 在北方；朝北去： He＇s flying up to Glasgow from London.他要从伦敦飞往格拉斯哥.I＇m going up to Scotlandfor a week.我要去苏格兰一星期.He went upnorth for a week.他去北方待了一星期.

down／daun／ in or towards the south 在南方；朝南方：He＇s flying down from Glasgow to London.他从格拉斯哥飞往伦敦.I＇ll be down inBrighton next week.我下星期去布来顿.He went down south for a week.他去南方待了一星期.

L15 verbs 动词：finding one＇s direction ［T1］确定方位

orientate/'o:riənteit/esp BrE,orient/'oriənt/ esp AmE to give direction or guidance to 定向； 指导：I find it difficult to orientate myself in a

L20 LIGHT ＆COLOUR 光与颜色

strange place／（fig） to new people.我发觉在陌生地方不容易辨别方向／不善于和新结识的人相处.dis-[neg] to cause (someone) to lose the sense of direction 使迷失方向；使迷惑：I feel disorien-tated；where do we go now？我迷失方向了；我们现在朝哪里走？orientation ［C；U］ the condi-tion of knowing which direction is which 定位； 定向dis-［neg］

reorientate/rI'o:riənteit/ esp BrE, reorient /rI-'o:riənt/esp AmE to cause or help (someone) to find his or her direction again 重新确定方向； 再定方位：They reorientated themselves by using a map and a compass.他们用地图和指南针重新确定了自己的方位.

Light and colour

光与颜色

L20 nouns 名词：light光 [ALSO→H119,H213]

light/lait/1 [U often in comb] the natural force that is produced by or redirected from objects and other things， so that we see them 光；光亮： sunlight 阳光；gaslight 煤气灯光； firelight（炉）火光2 ［C］ something that produces such light and causes other things to be seen, such as a lamp 发光体；光源（如灯）3［U］ a supply oflight, esp in regard to its strength, quality,or kind 光线（尤指光的强度、质量或类别）：powerfullight 强光；green light 绿光；poor light 弱光4 ［U］ also 又作 daylight the light of the sun or the time it lasts 日光；白昼：I must finish this painting while the light lasts.我得趁天还未黑完成这幅画．5［C］ something that will set some-thing else, esp a cigarette, burning, such as a match or cigarette lighter 点火物（如火柴和打火机等）6［C］a window， one of many pieces of glass in a window, or an opening in a roof or wall that allows light into a room 窗户；窗户玻璃；天窗7［U］a supply of light that reaches a person or thing 射向人或物体的光线：I cannotread while you＇re standing in my light.你挡住我的光线了，我没有办法看书.I am in my ownlight here；I need to face the window.我这里背光；我得脸朝窗子才行．8［U］（fig）brightness，as in te eyes, showing happiness or excitement （表示快乐或兴奋的）光彩（如眼神）9［C］（fig）the bright part of a painting 画上的明亮部分；投光部分10［U］（fig）the condition of being or becoming seen or known or of being made known，as to the public 显露；明白；被了解（esp in the phrs come／bring to light 显露；渐为人所知）：The lost book came to light after a long search.经过长时间的寻找，那本丢失的书给找出来了.The inquiry brought to light many un-pleasant facts about the business company.调查揭露了这家商业公司许多令人不快的事实．11［C］(fig) the way in which something or someone appears or is regarded 观点；见解；眼光：The

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L21 LIGHT ＆ COLOUR 光与颜色

workers and the employers look at problems in quite a different light.工人和雇主对问题的看法大不相同．12［U］（fig）knowledge， under-standing，or explanation 了解；明白；启发；说明： He suddenly saw the light （＝ understood）.他恍然大悟.light year［C］ tech the distance that light can travel in a year 光年：Some stars are thousands of light years from the earth.有些星距离地球有几千光年.A light year is about sixmillion million miles.一光年约为六万亿英里.

highlight/'har,lait/[C]1 tech the area on a pic-ture or photograph where most light appears to fall（图画、照片等的）光线最强处2（fig）animportant detail which stands out from the rest 最显著的部分；最精彩的场面；最重要的部分：The highlight of the evening was Mr Brown's speech.布朗先生的讲话是那天晚会最精彩的部分.We'll show you film of the highlights of the competition, as there isn't time for the whole thing.由于时间不够，我们不能全部放映，只把这场比赛中最精彩场面的影片放给你们看.

L21 nouns 名词：darkness 黑暗

dark／da：k／1［the U］ the absence of light 黑暗； 暗；无光：Can cats really see in the dark？猫在黑暗中真的看得清吗？Some children are afraidof the dark．有些孩子怕黑．2［U］ the time of day when there is no light 天黑；黄昏（esp in the phrs after dark 天黑后；before dark 天黑前）：We don＇t go out after dark.天黑后我们不出门．Get home before dark．天黑以前回家．3［U］ a dark or deep colour 暗色；深色：the dark of her eyes 她的黑眼珠 in the dark 1 in secrecy秘密地；暗中：business done in the dark 暗中做的交易 2 without knowledge 不知情；蒙在鼓里：They kept the public in the dark about their agreement.他们达成的协议不对公众透露.

darkness /'da:knis/ [U] the state or condition of having little or no light 黑暗；晦暗：I couldn＇t see the road properly because of the darkness. 因为天黑我看不清路.

gloom／glu：m／1 ［U］ esp emot darkness幽暗；朦胧；阴暗2［U；C］a feeling of deep sadness 阴郁；忧愁（often in the phr cast a gloom over 使愁眉不展）：The news of defeat filled them all with gloom.失败的消息使他们全都闷闷不乐.

shadow /'fædəu/1 [U; C usu pl] greater dark-ness where direct light, esp sunlight, is blocked off by something 阴暗：The sun came through the small window but most of the room stayed in shadow.阳光射进小窗，但房间里大半地方仍然阴暗.He walked along in theshadows hoping no one would recognize him. 他沿着阴暗处朝前走，希望没有人会认出他．2［C］adark shape made on a surface by something between it and direct light 影子；阴影：As the sun set，the shadows became longer.随着日落， 影子也变长了.The tree cast（＝ produced） its shadow on the wall;its shadow fell on the wall．树把影子投到墙上；它的影子落到墙上．3［C］a dark place having the effect of this 乌黑之处：

The shadows under his eyes were caused by lack of sleep.他眼睛下面的黑圈是睡眠不足所致.4[C] (fig) a form without substance or from which the real substance has gone 幻影；幽灵： After his illness he was only a shadow of his former self.他在病后瘦得像鬼一般.She woreherself down to a shadow with hard work and little food.由于辛勤工作加上吃得又少，她憔悴得不成人形了．5［C］（fig） a person or thing who follows another closely 形影不离的人或物：The dog was his master＇s shadow.这狗跟它主人形影不离．6［S］（fig）a very small bit 微量；少许： He didn＇t have the shadowof an excuse.他半点借口也没有.It is true beyond the shadow of a doubt．它的真实性毋庸置疑．7［C］（fig）the very strong power or influence of someone or something 庇护；重大影响：He had to live in the shadow of his famous father.他不得不在他那身为名人的父亲的庇荫下生活．8［C］（fig）anunhappy or threatened feeling 阴郁：The acci-dent cast (= caused) a shadow over the rest of our holiday.这次意外给我们余下的假期蒙上了一层阴影.

shade /feid/ 1 [U] slight darkness or shelter from direct light; esp from sunlight outdoors, made by something blocking it 荫；阴凉处：He sat in the shade of a tree／wall.他坐在树下／墙壁的阴影里．It was a hot day， 30 degrees in the shade.天气很热，太阳晒不到的地方也有三十度.There was no shade to be found in the desert. 沙漠上找不到一块阴凉处．2［C often in comb］something that keeps our light or its full brightness 遮光物；（灯）罩；（窗）帘：a lamp-shade 灯罩；a window shade 窗帘；a green eyeshade 绿色的眼罩3［U；C usu pl］represen-tation of shadow or darkness in a picture, painting，etc（图画等）阴暗部分；阴影：The artist used shade to good effect.这位画家处理阴影恰到好处.It＇s a painting with beautiful lights and shades.这幅画的明暗色调很美.

L22 nouns 名词：rays，gleams，and glimmers 光线、微光与闪光

ray /rei/[C9, esp of]1 a narrow beam (of light), esp one of a group going out like a wheel from the same centre 光线：the sun＇s rays 太阳的光线；A ray of moonlight came in through the curtains．一缕月光透过窗帘照进屋来．2（inscience） a line （of the stated force）（科学上）··· 射线：take an X-ray photograph 拍一张X光照片；kill with a death ray 用死光杀死3（fig）a very small sign（of hope or comfort）微量；丝毫（指希望或舒适）：There isn＇t a ray of hope left for us.我们连一丝希望都没有了.

beam /bi:m/ [C] 1 a line of light shining out from some bright object（见H119插图）光束；光柱：the bright beam of the car＇s headlights 汽车前灯的光束；a moon beam（一道）月光；a laserbeam 激光束2（fig）a bright look or smile 高兴的表情或微笑；喜色；笑容：＇How lovely to seeyou！she said，with a beam of welcome.“很高

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兴见到你！”她说，很高兴地表示欢迎我们.

flash／flæf／ ［C］ a sudden quick bright light 闪烁； 闪光：He saw two flashes.他看见两道闪光.

burst/b3:st/ [C] a sudden large amount (of light）（光的）迸发：There was a burst of light as the bomb exploded.炸弹爆炸时发出耀眼的光芒.

glow/gləu/1 [C] a light from something burn-ing without flames or smoke（无焰无烟的）光亮；光辉：the red glow in the sky above the factory 工厂上空的红光；The oil-lamp gives a soft glow．油灯发出柔光．2［S］ brightness of colour（色彩）鲜艳；鲜明：the glow of copper in the kitchen 厨房里锃亮的铜器 3［S］（fig）thefeeling and/or signs of warmth and colour in the body and face, as after exercise or because of good health（因运动或健康的）身体发热；容光焕发：There was a glow of health in her face. 她脸色健康红润.After drinking wine， his body felt a warm glow.他喝了葡萄酒后浑身觉得暖洋洋的．4［S］（fig）a strong feeling 强烈的感情；激情：a glow of happiness／ofanger 十分快乐／大怒

gleam/gli:m/ [C] 1 a shining light, esp one making objects bright 亮光；（尤指）使物体明亮的光：They sat in the red gleam of the firelight. 他们坐在炉火映出的红光里．2 a sudden flash oflight 闪光：Gleams of sunshine came round the edges of the dark cloud.乌云边缘突然透出阳光来．3（fig）a sudden showing of a feeling or quality for a short time 某种感情或性质的短暂闪现：A gleam of interest came into his eye. 他目光里闪露出感兴趣的神情.

glimmer／＇glimə／ ［C］ a faint unsteady light 闪烁不定的微光；微弱的闪光：He saw the glimmer ofa light.他看见一线微光.（fig）I haven＇t even the glimmer of an idea of what to do.我一点也不知道该怎么办.

shimmer/'fimə/ [C; U] a soft trembling shining effect 柔和的闪光：She liked the shimmer of glasses in the candlelight.她爱看烛光下玻璃杯发出的柔和闪光.

shine /famn/ [S; (U)] 1 brightness; shining qual-ity 光亮；光彩；光泽：The wooden surface had a beautiful shine.这木质表面有一层漂亮的光泽.My shoes haven't got much shine left after that long walk.走了这么远的路，我的鞋子已经不那么亮锃锃了．2［in comb］ the light of ···光：sunshine 阳光

dazzle /'dæzal/ [S] brightness; a brightly shining whole 眩目的强光；灿烂的光辉；辉耀：Thetheatre was a dazzle of bright lights.戏院一片灯光辉煌.He felt the dazzle of her smile.她的微笑令他目眩.

lustre BrE, luster AmE,/'lastə/ esp poet 1[U; S] (esp of surfaces, jewels, etc) the quality of being bright（尤指表面、珠宝等的）光泽；光辉；光彩2［U］（fig）honour 光荣；荣誉：What he did adds lustre to the family name.他的事迹给他家门庭增辉.

L23 verbs 动词：shining and lighting 发光与发亮

shine／fain／1 ［IØ］ to give off light； look bright 照

L23 LIGHT ＆ COLOUR 光与颜色

耀；发光；发亮：It was a fine morning with the sun shining（down）.那天上午阳光普照.The polished surface shone in the sun.打磨过的表面在阳光下闪闪发亮.Her eyes shone withlaughter．她两眼泛出笑意．2［X9］ to direct （a lamp，beam of light，etc）（用灯等）照：The po-liceman shone his lamp along the dark pas-sage．警察边走边用灯照那条漆黑的走廊．3［Wv6；IØ］（fig） to show up clearly as excellent 显得出众；突出：He＇s a pretty good student， but sports are where he really shines/but he really shines at sports.他是一个相当不错的学生，但他真正突出的是在体育方面.

shimmer/'fimə/ [Wv4; IØ] to shine with a soft trembling light 发出柔和的微光；闪烁：The watershimmered in the moonlight.月色下波光粼粼.

gleam／gli：m／ ［IØ］ 1 to give out a bright light 闪闪发亮：The furniture gleamed after being pol-ished．家具擦得闪闪发亮．2（of a feeling） to beexpressed with a sudden light （in the eyes）（指感情从眼里）突然流露：Amusement gleamed inhis eyes.他眼里闪现出感到好笑的神情.

glimmer /'glimə/ [IØ] to give a very faint unsteady light 发出闪烁不定的微光：A faint lightglimmered at the end of the passage.走廊尽头闪着一点微光.

flash/flæf/ 1 [IØ](of a light) to appear or exist for a moment（指光的）一闪：The light flashed twice．亮光闪了两下．2［T1］ to cause to do this 突然发出：He flashed the light in their faces.他突然用光照一照他们的脸．3［L9］to move so asto cause a flash 飞驰；掠过：The car flashed past us.汽车在我们身边飞驰而过.

glow /gləu/ [IØ] 1 to give out heat and/or light without flames or smoke（无焰和／或无烟地）发光；发热：The iron bar was heated till it glowed. 铁条加热至发出炽烈白光.The cat＇s eyes glowedin the darkness．猫的眼睛在黑暗中灼灼发光．2 toshow bright strong colours 显现鲜艳的颜色：a garden full of glowing flowers 鲜花盛开的花园3 to show redness and warmth in the face and the body esp after hard work or because of strong feelings 面孔发红；身体发热（尤指辛勤工作后或因情绪激动）：I knew I had said some-thing stupid, and my cheeks began to glow with shame.我知道自己说了蠢话，羞得满脸通红.His face was glowing with the effort of run-ning.他跑得满脸绯红.

beam/birm/1 [L9] (of the sn or other shining objects） to send out light（and heat）（指太阳或其它发光体）发光；发热：The sun beamedthrough the clouds．阳光透过云层照下来．2［L9］to smile brightly and happily 高兴地微笑：The new father beamed with pleasure when he saw the baby for the first time.这位新任爸爸第一次看到婴儿时高兴得笑了．3［T1］to express by smil-ing 微笑地表示：He beamed a cheerful wel-come as he opened the door.他开门时以微笑表示欢迎.

dazzle/'dæzəl/[Wv3; T1] 1 to cause to be unable to see by throwing a strong light in the eyes（因强光）使眼花；使目眩：The lights of thecar dazzled me on the dark road.黑暗的路上， 汽车的灯光使我目眩．2（fig） to cause wonder to

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L24LIGHT ＆COLOUR 光与颜色

眩惑；迷惑；使惊叹不已：The splendid roomdazzled the young girl.富丽堂皇的房间令这位年轻的女孩子眼花缭乱.She was dazzled by hersudden success.突然的成功令她有点手足无措.-ling［Wa3；B］：a dazzling smile／white 撩人的微笑／耀眼的白色 -lingly ［adv］：dazzlingly beautiful 美丽夺目

light up [v adv] 1[T1; IØ] to give light (to); make or become bright with light or colour 照亮；发亮；使鲜艳：The candles on the Christmas tree lit up the room.圣诞树上的蜡烛照亮了房间.The street lit up when the lamps were turned on．华灯初上，街道通明．2［IØ］to cause（electric） lamps to begin shining，giving light 点亮；点灯； 开灯：When the sun sets， it＇s time to light up. 太阳下山后，就该点灯了．3［T1；IØ］（fig）to(cause to) become bright with pleasure or excitement（使）脸露喜色；（使）喜气洋洋：Herface lit up when she saw he was coming.一见他来，她就笑逐颜开了.

illuminate ／r＇lu：məneit／［T1］ 1 to give light to 照明；照亮：They illuminated the square with bright light．他们用明亮的灯光把广场照得通亮．2（fig） to make bright and clear 阐明；启发；使明白：God illuminates my soul，＇he said.“上帝启迪我的灵魂，”他说．3 to paint（esp old books） with gold and bright colours 用金色和鲜艳色彩装饰（尤指古书）：Some old books were beauti-fully illuminated with pictures painted around the first letter and down the sides of the page. 一些古书在起首字母周围和书页边上绘上图案，装饰得十分漂亮．illumination1［U］ the act or state of illuminating or being illuminated 照明；光亮2 [C usu pl] pictures painted on the pages of old books 古书上的装饰性图画：Each illumi-nation is a work of art.每页装饰性图画都是一件艺术品．3［U］ the strength of light 照明度：The illumination is too weak to show the detail of the painting.灯光太弱，看不清画的细部.illu-minations [P] the lights used to make a town bright and colourful 灯彩装饰；灯饰：Some seaside towns have illuminations every year. 一些海滨城镇每年都张挂灯彩.

radiate /'ridieit/ [T1] to give off (light, heat, etc）发射（光、热等）；放射：The sun radiates light and heat.太阳发出光和热.（fig）She ra-diated happiness．她喜形于色．radiation［U］1 the act of sending out rays of heat, light, sound，etc 发光；发热；辐射；发射；放射2 radio-activity 放射性 radioactive ［B］ giving out energy in the form of rays which is harmful to living creatures 放射性的-ly［adv］radioactivity ［U］ the condition of being radioactive 放射性； 放射现象

L24 adjectives，etc 形容词等：having light

有亮光的，明亮的 [ALSO→F270]

light /lart/ [Wal; B] having light; not dark; bright 有亮光的；光亮的：This is a nice light

room.这房间光亮舒适.

-lit／-lit／ ［comb form］ getting light from···光照亮的：moonlit月光照亮的，sunlit 阳光照亮的，gaslit，etc煤气灯光照亮的等

bright/brait/ [Wal; B] 1 giving out or throwing back light very strongly； fully light； shining 发亮的；明亮的；辉煌的；璀璨的：The sun is brighterthan the moon. 太阳比月亮更明亮.What abright sunny day！真是个艳阳天啊！2（fig） famous；glorious 显赫的；辉煌的：one of the brightest moments in our country＇s history 本国史上最光辉灿烂的时期之一3（fig）full of life，cheerful，happy，gay 生气勃勃的；欢快的；喜悦的；愉快的：Her face was bright with happiness.她面带喜悦的神色．4（fig）showing hope or signs of future success 充满希望的；光辉灿烂的：Youhave a bright future ahead of you，my boy！孩子，你前程似锦！-ly［adv］

clear /klrə/ [Wal; B] bright; free from anything that darkens；transparent 清澈的；光亮的；明净的；透明的：The sky is clear now.现在天色晴朗了.What beautiful clear water！这水多清澈明净啊！-ly［adv］

sharp /fa:p/[Wal;B] clear; easy to separate from other things 明晰的；线条分明的；轮廓鲜明lpiəp dipys ui mo poots əsn against the dark hill behind.后面黑黝黝的小山把这些白房子衬托得格外轮廓鲜明.-ly［adv］

brilliant /'brıliənt/ [B] very bright, splendid, or showy in appearance 光辉的；灿烂的；辉煌的：The stars were brilliant in the clear night sky. 夜空如洗，群星璀璨.-ly［adv］brilliance ［U］ the state of being brilliant 光辉；辉煌：The bril-liance of the light blinded him.灯的强光使他目眩.

luminous ／＇lu：mənəs／ ［B］ giving light；bright 发光的；发亮的；明亮的luminosity［U］1 usu tech the state or condition of being luminous 光明； 光辉2 the degree by which something is lumi-nous 光度；亮度

radiant /'reidiənt/ 1 [B] sending out light or heat in all directions；shining 光芒四射的；散发热量的；光辉灿烂的：the radiant sun 光芒四射的太阳2［Wa5；A］tech sent out by radiation 放射的；辐射的：radiant heat 辐射热3［B（with）］ (fig) (of a person or his appearance) showing love and happiness 喜悦的；容光焕发的：Herradiant face showed her happiness.她那容光焕发的脸说明她充满了喜悦.She was radiant withjoy.她喜形于色.-ly ［adv］ radiance ［U］ the state of being radiant（defs 1＆3）光辉灿烂；明亮；容光焕发：The radiance blinded him.强光刺得他睁不开眼睛.（fig）The radiance in her face showed her happiness.她喜上眉梢.

shiny /'Jami/ [Wal; B] (esp of a smooth sur-face） looking as if polished；bright（尤指一个光滑的平面）像是擦亮的；磨光的；闪闪发亮的：Sheput powder on her nose to keep it from look-ing shiny.她在鼻子上扑了粉以免泛起油光.Whata shiny new 10p coin！这枚十便士新硬币多么锃亮啊！

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L25 adjectives，etc 形容词等：not having light［B］无光的，不亮的

dark/da:k/[Wal] 1 partly or completely with-out light 暗的；黑暗的：It＇s too dark to read now.现在天太暗，看不成书了.In winter it getsdark here early．这里冬天天黑得早．2（fig）evil 坏的；邪恶的：the dark powers that lead to war 引起战争的邪恶势力3（fig） sad； expecting badthings to happen 阴郁的；暗淡的：dark days ahead 前景暗淡；Don＇t always look on the dark side of things．别老是往坏处想．4（fig）a secret；hidden 隐藏的；隐秘的：He kept his plans dark.他把计划秘而不宣.b not easy tounderstand 隐晦的；意义不明的；不易理解的；暧昧的：There is some dark meaning in his words. 他的话含义暖昧.-ly ［adv］

gloomy／＇glu：mi／［Wa1］ 1 almost dark 幽暗的；阴暗的：It was a gloomy day． 那天阴沉沉的．2(fig) having or giving little hope or cheerfl-ness 阴郁的；苦闷的；无望的：Our future seemsgloomy.我们的前途似乎不甚乐观.She＇s feelingvery gloomy.她郁郁不乐.

dull /dAl/[Wa1] 1 (of colour or surfaces) not bright，strong， or sharp；not shining 不鲜艳的； 不鲜明的；不光亮的：She wore a dress of someuninteresting dull colour.她穿了一件颜色深沉、毫不起眼的连衣裙.It was dull grey in colour.它是暗灰色的．2（of weather，the sky，etc）cloudy； grey；dark（天气、天空等）多云的；阴沉的；阴晦的：It＇s dull today； we shall have rain.今天天色阴沉；会下雨.

dim/drm/ [Wa1] not bright but not particularly dark 不明亮的；微暗的：The lighting in the room was rather dim.屋里灯光相当暗.

dismal /'dızməl/1 not bright, pleasant, or in-teresting 阴郁的；沉闷无趣的：What a dismalplace this is！这地方太沉闷了！2（fig）sad， unhappy， or causing unhappiness 忧郁的；（令人）不快活的：The news was really dismal.这消息真叫人不快.-ly［adv］

shadowy /'Jædəui/ [Wa2] 1 hard to see or know about clearly 朦胧的；模糊的：The face was shadowy； I did not know who it was.我看不清那张脸；我不知道是谁.He is a shadowy andlittle-known historical figure.他是一位记载不详、不为人知的历史人物．2 full of shade；inshadow 多荫的；阴影下的；阴暗的：He fell asleepin the shadowy depths of the forest.他在森林阴暗的深处睡着了.-iness［U］

shady/'feidi/ [Wa1] not fml covered and there-fore not allowing too much light 成荫的；有荫的；背阴的：Let＇s sit under the tree； it＇s shadier there.我们坐到树下去吧，那边阴凉些.

faint /feint/ [Wa2] 1 not having brightness, clearness，strength，etc 不亮的；暗淡的；模糊的； 隐约的；不清楚的；虚弱的；软弱无力的：The hand-writing on the page was very faint.这一页上的字迹很模糊.The colours became more faint／ fainter as the sun set.颜色随太阳西沉而变得更暗淡了.She gave a faint cry.她有气无力地喊了一声．2 very small 很小的；微小的：There is onlya faint chance that he is still alive.他活着的可

L27 LIGHT ＆ COLOUR 光与颜色

能性微乎其微.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

obscure /əb'skjuə/ 1 not easy to see, under-. stand，etc 模糊不清的；晦涩的；难解的：Theshapes of the buildings were obscure because of the distance／mist.因为距离太远／雾太大，那些房子的轮廓显得模糊不清.His ideas seem veryobscure to me． 他的想法很叫我费解．2 notfamous 不著名的：He was the son of an obscure writer．他是一位不知名的作家的儿子．3[T1] to make dark and difficult to see, under-stand，etc 使黑暗；使朦胧；使难理解：He is tryingto obscure the truth．他试图掩饰真相．4［T1］to get between someone and something 遮挡： Don＇t obscure the light please.请别挡住光线. obscurity [U]

vague/veig/[Wa2] not certain or definite, esp in talking，writing，etc 含糊的；模糊的；不明确的：She was very vague about her plans.她对自己的计划含糊其词.He saw the vague shape ofsomeone coming through the mist.他看见一个模糊的人影从薄雾中走过来.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

nebulous /'nebjuləs/ esp fig not clear; like a cloud 模糊不清的；朦胧的；如云似雾的：I findmost of his ideas pretty nebulous.我发觉他大多数的想法都十分虚无缥缈.-ly［adv］-ness，-losity [U]

L26 verbs 动词：darkening and shading 变黑与遮蔽

darken/'da:kən/1 [IØ] to become or grow dark 变黑；转暗：The sky darkened.天色变黑.（fig） His face darkened with anger when he heard the news.他听到这消息，脸色顿时因愤怒而阴沉下来．2［T1］to make dark 使变暗；遮暗；使变黑：She drew the curtains and darkened the room.她拉上窗帘，让房间暗下来.（fig）His deathdarkened our lives.他的死使我们的生活黯然失色.

dim／drm／1［IØ］ to lose light 变暗淡；变模糊：The sky slowly dimmed．天空慢慢暗了下来．2［T1］to cause to lose light 使（光）变暗淡、模糊、微弱：He dimmed the lamp.他把灯调暗.

shade /feid/ 1 [T1] to shelter from direct light or heat 遮住；挡住（直接的光线或热）：Sheshaded her eyes from the sun with her hand. 她手放在眼睛上遮太阳．2［L9（off），esp into］ tochange slowly or by slight degrees into some-thing else 慢慢或逐渐变为（其它事物）：This is aquestion where right and wrong shade into one another.这个问题是非混淆.The blueshaded off into grey.蓝色逐渐褪成了灰色.

screen /skrirn/ [T1] to shelter, hide, or lessen by blocking out light 掩蔽；遮护：He screened the light with his hand.他用手遮住灯光.

L27 nouns 名词：colour 颜色

[ALSO→ B50,53; H93;I46]

colour BrE, color AmE /'kalə/1 [U] the qual-

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