F25 LIKING ＆ NOT LIKING 喜欢与不喜欢

darling /'da:lg/ esp emot & emph 1[B] loved very much；easy to love 心爱的；可爱的：She＇s a darling girl！她是个可爱的女孩！What a darling little dog！ 多可爱的小狗！2 ［C；N］ a lovedperson 可爱的人；亲爱的人：Come on，darling； let＇s go.快点，亲爱的；我们走吧.The childrenwere good today，the darlings！今天孩子们都很乖，真是好孩子！3［C］a very helpful person 有用的人：Be a darling and make a cup of tea！帮帮忙，给沏杯茶吧！

beloved /br'l^vd/1 [A;(F)] esp lit & old use greatly loved 亲爱的；深爱的：Her beloved father died yesterday.她敬爱的父亲昨天去世了.2［A；（F）］ deprec ironical loved too much 爱得过分的：Can＇t you put your beloved books in another place？你就不能把你那些宝贝书放到别处去吗？3［Wn3； C； N］ old use， lit， pomp ＆ humor a loved one 宝贝儿；亲爱的人：Come，beloved！过来，宝贝儿！He has been talking on the phone to his beloved for hours！他和他的宝贝儿在电话里已经谈了好几个小时了！

popular /'popjulə/ [B] 1 favoured by. many people 流行的；大众喜爱的：She sang a popularsong.她唱了一首流行歌曲.Beards were popular among young men at that time.那时年轻人时兴留络腮胡子．2 generally admired by great numbers of people 受大众爱戴的；孚众望的：He＇s a good politician but he isn＇t popular.他是一位出色的政治家，但不得人心．3 well liked，esp by people one meets in daily life 深受（尤指平日所接触的人）欢迎的；受人们喜爱的：He ispopular with girls； he＇s so amusing.他很讨女孩们喜欢；他很风趣！4 general； common； wide-spread 大众的；普通的；普及的：That is quite apopular belief.那是个十分普遍的信念.＇Mary＇is a very popular name for a girl.“玛丽”是一个很普通的女孩名字.popularity ［U］ the quality of being well liked， favoured， or admired 流行；受欢迎；声望：This game once had great popu-larity.这种游戏曾经流行一时.The politician waseager for popularity.这个政客渴望获得声望.

F25 verbs，etc 动词等：attracting and interesting［T1］吸引人的与有趣的

[ALSO→F224,K10]

attract /ə'trækt/1 to cause to like, admire, or notice 吸引；引起（喜爱、赞赏、注意）：He wasattracted by her beauty.他被她的美貌吸引住了.2 to draw towards one 招引：He attracted large numbers of followers．他吸引了大批追随者．3 todraw by unseen forces 对···有吸引力：The moon attracts the earth's seas towards it/her. 月球把地球上的海洋朝它的方向吸引.

draw ／dro：／to attract 吸引：The play is drawing big crowds.这个剧吸引了大批观众.You know，Ifeel very drawn to that girl.你知道，我觉得被那女孩吸引住了.

appeal to ［v prep］ to be attractive to 对···有吸引力：She appeals to him very much.她对他很有吸引力.This new job really appeals to me.这份新工作确实对我富有吸引力.

interest /'intrist/ to cause (someone) togive attention；attract 使感兴趣；引起···的关注：Music interests her more than painting.音乐比绘画更使她感兴趣.I think he interests her.我认为她对他感兴趣.

concern /kən's3:n/ 1 [Wv6] to be important, interesting，etc to 涉及；对···有关系；对···重要： This matter concerns you all; listen carefully. 这件事与你们大家都有关系，要注意听.How doesher business concern you？她的事与你有何关系？2 [U] the condition of being important, in-teresting，etc（利害）关系；关切；感兴趣：This matter is no concern of mine.这件事与我无关. This is a matter of some concern to us all.这件事与我们大家都有些关系．3［C］ a matter thatis of interest or importance to someone 所关切的事；有利害关系的事：How much money I earnis none of your concern.我赚多少钱与你无关.

suit /sju:t/ 1 to please or be satisfactory to （someone）合（某人）的意；使···满意：Will it suit you if we eat now？如果我们现在就吃，你觉得合适吗？The change of plan did not suit him at all．改变计划一点也不合他的意．2（of clothes，colours, etc) to look pleasing, attractive, etc on（someone）（衣服、颜色等）与···相称；相配；适合：Blue suits her （＝ She looks good in clothes with the colour blue）.她适合穿蓝色的.That new dress suits you very well.那件新衣服你穿正合适.

become/br'kam/ [Wv6] often fml (of clothes, colours，etc） to suit （someone）（衣服、颜色等） 适合（某人）：That blue dress really becomes you.你穿那件蓝色的衣服确实合身.（fml）It doesnot become you to use insulting words like that！你那样恶言相向有失身分！

F26 verbs 动词：attracting and

interesting very much［Wv4；T1］非常吸引人的与令人十分感兴趣的

fascinate/'fæsineit/ to interest very much,so that one must continue to look, visit, do, etc 迷住；使着迷；强烈地吸引；使神魂颠倒：This storyfascinates me；I must go on reading it.这个故事使我着了迷；我一定要追读下去.I＇m fascinatedby old houses； I must look round this one.我迷上了古老的房屋；我一定要好好看看这一座.Theway she dressed fascinated him.她的打扮使他着迷.

enthrall／mn＇θro：l／to fascinate completely 完全迷住；吸引住：He＇s enthralled by that book.他被那本书迷住了.What an enthralling story！多么迷人的故事！

enchant/mn'tfa:nt/ to fascinate and (usu) de-light, esp in a way or situation which is like magic（用魔法般）迷住；使陶醉；使喜悦：She wasenchanted by the beautiful old house and its lovely gardens.她被那座古老的房屋及其可爱的花园迷住了.What an enchanting dress you are wearing！你穿的连衣裙真漂亮！

charm／tfa：m／to please and fascinate 使陶醉；使着迷：She charmed all the young men；they

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A104：other sea creatures 其它海洋生物

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jellyfish[Wn2;C] (sea) urchin [C]

水母 海胆 starfish [Wn2;C]

海星

sponge

海绵

coral

珊瑚

A110：common insects 常见的昆虫

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A111：stages in the lives of insects 昆虫的成长阶段

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A112： creatures similar to insects 类似昆虫的动物

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scorpion

蝎子

蜘蛛网

A113： worms and similar creatures 蠕虫与同类动物

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snail 蜗牛

蛞蝓

A130： parts of plants 植物的各部分

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根

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A139： ferns， heather， and other special plants 羊齿植物、石南属植物及其它特殊植物

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wouldn＇t leave her alone.她迷住了所有的小伙子；他们缠住她不放.

captivate/'kæptə,veit/ to charm, excite, and at-tract （esp someone） 迷住；吸引；使激动：Venice's beauty completely captivated the old man and he went to live there.威尼斯的美丽风光完全迷住了那位老人，因此他搬到那里居住了.

F27 verbs 动词：tempting and enticing 引

诱与诱使 [G87 PERSUADE]

tempt/tempt/1 [T1] to (try to) make (someone) do something wrong or improper 引诱；怂恿（某人做错事或不正当的事）：Have some more toeat！-No， please；don＇t tempt me！再吃些吧！-不了，谢谢，别再劝我了.He tempted hisfriends into stealing the money.他怂恿他的朋友去偷钱．2［V3］ to cause （someone） to want to do or wish for something 使（某人）想要：I was greatly tempted to telephone her, but I didn't. 我很想给她打个电话，但并没打.Can I tempt youto have another drink？我可以请你再喝一杯吗？

entice /mn'tais/ [X9] to tempt greatly; to per-suade (someone) with great success, esp to do something wrong or improper 诱使；怂恿（尤指去做错事或不正当的事）：He enticed her to hisroom.他诱使她进入他的房间.They enticed himinto doing what they·wanted, although he knew he shouldn＇t.他们诱使他去做他们要干的事，虽然他明知自己不该做.Can I entice you intohaving another drink？我可以请你再喝一杯吗？

F28 nouns 名词：attracting，fascinating， and enticing 吸引人、迷人与诱人

attraction /ə'trækfən/1 [U] the action or power of attracting 吸引；吸引力：The attraction of the city＇s bright lights was difficult to resist.那城市的辉煌灯火非常诱人.Work has little attractionfor him．工作对他没有什么吸引力．2［C］ some-thing which attracts 吸引人的事物：Her greatest attraction for himis her voice.她最吸引他的地方是她的声音.The city＇s bright lights and theatres are great attractions.城市的辉煌灯火和剧院都是很吸引人的事物.

appeal ／ə＇pi：l／［S； U］ a tendency to attract 吸引力；感染力：His ideas have a certain appeal， I must admit.我得承认他的某些想法确有一定的吸引力.

interest /'intrist/ [U] a quality which attracts attention 趣味；兴趣；引起注意之特质：This is amatter of great interest to us.这是一件我们极感兴趣的事.

fascination/,fæsr'neifən/1 [U] the ability to fascinate or the condition of being fascinated 迷惑力；魅力；迷恋：He has a great fascination for women； they find him very attractive.他对女人有巨大的魅力；她们觉得他很英俊.He satthere in a state of fascination, listening to

F29 LIKING ＆ NOT LIKING 喜欢与不喜欢

everything the great man said.他坐在那里着了迷，聆听那位伟人说的每一句话．2［C］somethingwhich fascinates 迷人的事物：She has many fascinations for him (= She fascinates him in many ways）.她有许多使他着迷之处.

charm/tfa:m/ 1 [U] the quality of attraction, fascination，and pleasure 迷惑力；魅力：These girls have great charm.这些女孩富有魅力.He felt the charm of the house and garden.他感到了这座房子和花园的魅力．2［C］something whichcharms 迷人的事物；可爱之处；妩媚：Her manycharms are well known; she is a beautiful girl. 她的千娇百媚是尽人皆知的；她是个美丽的女孩.

enchantment /ın'tfa:ntmənt/ [U;C] a delight-ful influence or feeling of fascination 喜悦；陶醉：The beauty of the scene filled him with enchantment.那美丽的景色使他心中充满了喜悦.

temptation/temp'teifən/1 [U] the act of tempt-ing or being tempted 引诱；诱惑：Temptation is always with us; we always want to do things that we shouldn＇t do，＇ said the priest.牧师说： “我们总是受到诱惑；我们总是想做我们不该做的事．”2［C］ something which tempts 诱惑物：All that money on the table is a temptation to someone to steal it.桌上那一大堆钱真诱人去偷.There are many temptations in life.生活中有种种诱惑.

enticement /In'taismənt/1 [U] the quality of being enticing 诱人的性质；诱惑力：The idea ofliving on a sunny island has great enticement for him.住在一个充满阳光的岛上，这个想法对他有很大的诱惑力．2［C］something which entices 诱惑物：They offered him various enticements to change his job.他们向他提出种种诱人的许诺，要他改变工作．3［U］tech the act of enticing， esp of enticing a young person away for sexual reasons 诱骗（尤指为了性的原因诱拐青年人）：Hewas sent to prison for enticement.他因性诱骗而入狱.

F29 adjectives 形容词：attracting and interesting［B］吸引人的与有趣的

attractive /ə'træktrv/ having the power to attract 有吸引力的；有迷惑力的；引人注意的：Sheis an attractive woman； most men think so.她是一个迷人的女人；多数男人都觉得是.I find hisideas very attractive；I like them.我觉得他的想法很有吸引力；我喜欢这些想法.un-［neg］-ly[adv]

appealing /ə'pi:li/1 able to move the feelings 有感染力的；打动人心的：She looked at him withappealing eyes．她以有感染力的目光注视着他．2attractive or interesting 吸引人的；有趣的：There is something very appealing about happy chil-dren.在快乐的儿童身上有着某些很讨人喜欢的东[Ape] ^- [8əu] -un

becoming /br'kamig/ (esp of clothes, colours, etc） pretty，attractive，and suitable（尤指衣服、颜色等）漂亮的；吸引人的；合适的：That hat looksvery／most becoming （on you）.（你戴）那顶帽子非常好看.un-［neg］

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F30 LIKING ＆ NOT LIKING 喜欢与不喜欢

interesting/'mntrIstin/ which takes (and keeps) someone＇s attention or attracts a person 有趣的；引起兴趣的：That＇s an interesting idea； I must think about it.那个主意很有意思；我得想一想.un-［neg］-ly ［adv］

fascinating /'fæsineitin/ which interests very much 引人入胜的；迷人的；有极大吸引力的：Hetold us a fascinating story about Africa;he's a fascinating speaker.他给我们讲了一个关于非洲的引人入胜的故事；他是个精彩的演说家.-ly［adv］

enchanting /in'tfa:ntig/ fascinating and delightful 迷人的；令人愉快的：What anenchanting evening／dress／child！多么令人愉快的夜晚／迷人的衣服／可爱的孩子！-ly ［adv］

tempting /'temptin/ causing someone to be tempted；that will tempt people 诱惑人的：The food looked very tempting.那食物看上去真叫人垂涎.-ly［adv］

enticing /in'taisi/ causing someone to be en-ticed；very attractive 非常吸引人的；诱人的：That is an enticing idea, but we must consider it carefully first.这个想法很吸引人，但我们必须先仔细考虑一下.She looked enticing in her new dress.她穿上新衣裙很迷人.-ly［adv］

F30 verbs 动词：preferring［T1］更喜欢

like better/more infml to like (one thing) more than another 更喜欢：I like Mary＇s dress， but I like Jane＇s dress better／more.我喜欢玛丽的连衣裙，但更喜欢珍的.

prefer／prr＇f3：／［also．又作 T3， 4,5c； V3］ fml to choose (one thing or action) rather than another；to like better 宁愿（选择）；更喜欢：I like Mary＇s dress， but I prefer Jane＇s.我喜欢玛丽的连衣裙，不过珍的更好.Would you like meator fish？-I＇d prefer meat，please.您喜欢吃肉还是鱼？-我喜欢吃肉，给我来点吧.She prefersdogs to cats.猫与狗之间，她比较喜欢狗.May Iwash the dishes?-I'd prefer you to dry them/ prefer it if you dried them.我洗盘子好吗？-你还是把盘子擦干吧／我看你还是擦干盘子好些.Heprefers swimming to riding as a sport.作为一项运动项目，他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马.May Icome with you?-I should prefer to go alone. 我可以和你一起去吗？-我自己一个人去好些.

favour BrE,favor AmE/'fervə/ [T1] to choose or support for some special reason 支持；偏袒； 偏爱：He favours the team in blue， but I favour the greens.他支持穿蓝色运动服的那个队，而我支持穿绿色运动服的那一队.She seems tofavour his ideas over all theothers.她似乎偏向他的主意，认为它们比别人的高明.

F31 nouns 名词：preferring 偏爱

preference /'prefərəns/ [C; U] 1 a liking (for one thing rather than another） 偏爱：He has a preference for fruit over vegetables.他喜欢吃蔬菜多于水果.Would you like tea or coffee？-I have no special preference（s）.你要茶还是咖啡？-随便，都一样.I＇d choose the small car in

preference to (= rather than) the big one, ifI were you.我要是你，宁可选这辆小汽车而不要那辆大的．2 choice； that which is liked better or best 选择；偏爱物：Tea or coffee-which is your preference？茶还是咖啡-你喜欢哪一样？Inplanning the meals she always considers her husband＇s preferences.在安排饭菜时她总是考虑丈夫喜欢吃什么.

favour BrE, favor AmE /'feivə/ [U] special love，position，or support 宠爱；偏爱；赞成：He is in favour with his mother at the moment, and his brother is out of favour.这时候他母亲特别偏爱他，却不大喜欢他弟弟了.（old use）Thenobles hoped to gain the King's favour for their plan.贵族们希望国王赞成他们的计划.disfavour BrE, disfavor AmE [U] fml 1 dis-like；disapproval 不喜欢；不赞成：Mary looks on／regards／views him with great disfavour.玛丽很不喜欢他．2 the state of being disliked 失宠；不喜欢：John seems to be in／have fallen into disfavour（with Mary）.约翰看样子失去（玛丽的）欢心了.How have I incurred （＝ caused）your disfavour？我怎么得罪你了呢？

favourite BrE, favorite AmE /'fervərit/ [C] something or someone liked most 最喜爱的人或事物：Her second son is her favourite.她最喜欢她的二儿子.This sweet is my favourite； what＇s yours？ 我最喜欢吃这种糖，你最喜欢哪一种？

priority/prar'prəti/ 1 [U] the special right or need to be done, seen, heard, etc before others 优先；优先权：This matter is top priority （＝very important）.这是头等重要的事.This is a priority matter; we must give it priority over all other business.这件事极其重要；我必须予以优先考虑．2［C］an example of this；somethig to which priority is given 优先的事例；优先考虑的事：What are your priorities in this matter？在这件事上，你优先考虑的是什么？

F32 verbs 动词：disliking and hating

［T1,4］讨厌与憎恶

dislike /dis'lark/ not to like; think to be un-pleasant 不喜欢；讨厌：She dislikes big cites／ wearing stockings／being spoken to like that.她不喜欢大城市／穿长袜子／别人那样对她说话.I don＇tactually dislike her but we're not really friends.我其实不是不喜欢她，但也算不上是朋友.He got himself much disliked because of his bad manners.他因没有礼貌而惹人讨厌.

hate／heit／［also 又作 T3；V3；IØ］ to dislike very much 讨厌；憎恶；憎恨：I hate such cruelty.我对这种残暴行为十分反感.He hates his little sisterbecause she breaks all his toys.他恨他的小妹妹，因为她弄坏他所有的玩具.I hate everything tobe changed when I＇m away.我讨厌在我不在时把什么都变换了.He has learnt to hate.他学会了恨.

detest/dr'test/ to hate with very strong feeling 憎恨；痛恨；深恶：I detest people who tell lies.我憎恶说谎的人.

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loathe /ləuð/ (esp of living things) to detest, with a feeling of disgust［■F36］（尤指对生物） 厌恶；憎恶：She loathes insects.她很讨厌昆虫.Iloathe you！＇she shouted angrily.“我讨厌你！”她愤怒地喊道.

abhor /əb'ho:/ (esp of ideas and actions) to detest and want to keep away from（尤指对想法、行动）厌恶；憎恶：He abhors cruelty in any form.他厌恶任何形式的残暴.

cannot stand to hate; be unable to bear [→F9] 讨厌；不能容忍：＇I cannot stand spoilt children！ she said.她说：“我讨厌那些宠坏了的孩子！”

F33 nouns 名词：disliking and hating讨厌与憎恶

dislike /dis 'laik/ [C; U] (a) feeling of not liking （something or someone）不喜欢；厌恶：I have a dislike of／for cats. 我不喜欢猫.She took a sudden dislike to him. 她突然不喜欢他了.Shespoke to him with great dislike.她以极其厌恶的口吻对他说话.

hate ／heit／ ［U；C］ a strong feeling of dislike 憎恶；憎恨：The man＇s hate showed on his face. 那人的脸上显示出憎恨的神情.

hatred /'heitrid/ [U;C] a state or feeling of hating；hate 憎恨；敌意：She is full of hatred for the driver who killed her child.她对撞死她孩子的司机充满了怨恨.Old hatreds keep thesefamilies apart.过去的冤仇使这些家庭之间互不来往.

animosity /,ænə'mpsəti/1 [U (against, towards, between）］ powerful and often active hatred 仇恨；憎恶；敌意：I have／feel no animosity towards her.我对她毫无敌意.There is a lot of animosity between them．他们之间仇恨很深．2［C usu pl］an example of this 仇恨的事例；敌意的行动：Ihave no time for animosities.我没有时间去仇恨.

odium／＇əudıəm／ ［U］ fml widespread hatred （广泛的）憎恨；公愤：He earned the odium of all his friends because of what he did.他的所作所为激起他所有朋友的公愤.

detestation /di:te'steifən/ [U] the condition of detesting； great hatred 痛恨；憎恶：He feels detestation for things like that.他痛恨那种事情.

abhorrence ／əb＇hprəns／ also 又作 loathing /'ləuðn/[U] great hatred and disgust [→F36] 憎恶；嫌恶：He holds cruelty to children in abhorrence.他憎恶虐待孩子.She feels only loathing for the man who left her and her children.对抛弃她和孩子们的那个男人，她心中只有仇恨.

F34 adjectives 形容词：hating［B］可恨的

hateful/'heitfal/very unpleasant in manner or to experience 可恨的；可恶的；讨厌的：You＇realways hateful to me and nice to everybody else.你总是讨厌我，对别人却很好.It＇s hateful tobe left at home alone.被人单独留在家里真可恨.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

F36 LIKING ＆ NOT LIKING 喜欢与不喜欢

odious ／＇əudıəs／ esp fml.＆ pomp hateful 可恨的；可恶的；讨厌的：What an odious fellow he is！ 这家伙真可恶！

detestable／dr＇testəbəl／fit to be detested 可恨的；可憎的；讨厌的：This is a detestable job；I hate it.这是个令人厌恶的工作；我恨死它了.-bly[adv]

loathsome/'ləuðsəm/ hateful and disgusting ［→F37］讨厌的；可恶的；令人恶心的：Whatloathsome creatures these insects are!' she said.她说：“这些小虫子真叫人恶心！”-ness［U］abhorrent /əb'hprənt/ hateful and disgusting; completely against what one likes or wants (to do）令人憎恶的；可恶的；讨厌的：Cruelty isabhorrent to her.她憎恨残忍行为.

F35 verbs 动词：disgusting and repelling ［T1］使厌恶与使反感

disgust /dis'gast/ to cause a feeling of sick dislike in 使厌恶；使讨厌；使作呕：His ideasdisgust me；they are terrible.他的一些想法使我很反感，实在太可怕了.

put off ［v adv］ to cause dislike in； discourage 使厌恶；使反感；阻止；劝阻：If you do things likethat，you＇ll put everybody off.如果你干那种事， 会使大家反感的.

repel/ri'pel/ to cause to turn or go away in strong dislike 使厌恶；使反感：His manner and way of life repel me.他的态度和生活方式令我反感.

alienate /'erləneit/[(from)] to turn away the friendship of (someone); cause to feel or become an enemy or unfriendly; cause to feel that one does not belong 使疏远；使不友好；离间：His cold manner alienated her.他的冷淡态度使她和他疏远了.She became alienated from him.她与他疏远了.He feels alienated；he isn＇t happy in his work.他感到孤立，觉得工作不顺心.

F36 nouns 名词： disgusting and repelling［U］令人厌恶与令人反感

disgust/dis'gast/ the strong feeling of often sick dislike caused by an unpleasant sight, sound， or smell， or bad behaviour 作呕；厌恶； 憎恶：The food at the hotel filled him with disgust.旅馆里的饭菜使他作呕.He left in dis-gust at their cruelty to their animals.看到他们虐待动物，他就厌恶地走了.

repulsion /rr'palfən/ the state of being or feel-ing repelled by something or someone 反感；厌恶

revulsion /rI'valfən/ a very strong feeling of repulsion 强烈反感；嫌恶

alienation /eiliə'neıfən/ [U] 1 the separation from or loss of friendship of another person 疏远；离间 2 a sense of not belonging to or being part of one＇s surroundings 孤独；寂寞；疏离感

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F37 LIKING ＆ NOT LIKING 喜欢与不喜欢

F37 adjectives 形容词：disgusting and repeliing［B］令人厌恶的与令人反感的

disgusting／dis＇gasti／causing disgust 令人厌恶的；令人作呕的：What a disgusting smell！-Is it coming from the drains？多难闻的气味！--是从阴沟里冒出来的吗？I find his ideas on sexquite disgusting. 我觉得他对性的看法令人作呕.-ly[adv]

revoiting ／rı＇vəultuy／ causing great disgust 令人作呕的；令人厌恶的：What revolting colours they have used to paint the room！他们用来油漆房间的颜色真难看！This is a revolting book； it is full of obscene ［→F60］pictures．这本书真叫人恶心，里面尽是些淫秽的图画.-ly［adv］

repellent/ri'pelənt/ causing a person or thing to turn or go away 令人厌恶的；令人反感的：1find his manner generally repellent.总的来说， 我觉得他的举止令人讨厌.

repulsive/rr'palsiv/ very repellent and nasty + 分令人讨厌的；十分令人反感的：What a repulsiveperson he is; I don't want to meet him again. 他这个人真讨厌，我再也不想见到他了.-ly［adv］-mess [U]

off-putting /'of,putny/ infml unfriendly; not warm or welcoming 不友好的；不热情的：I foundhis manner a bit off-putting; he didn't try to make us feel at home.我觉得他的态度不太客气；他根本没有想使我们感到亲切自如.

F38 adjectives 形容词：not good to look at［B］不好看的

ugly／＇agli／ ［Wal｝ not attractive to look at 难看的；丑陋的：What an ugly dog！多难看的狗！Hehad an ugly， dangerous look on his face.他脸上有一种丑恶、凶狠的神情.That house isn＇tbeautiful; it's ugly; it's the ugliest house I've ever seen！那座房子不漂亮；真难看；是我见到过的最难看的房子！

hideous/'hidiəs/ having a terrible effect on the senses， esp shocking to the eyes 丑陋的；可怕的； 令人惊骇的（尤指看后感到震惊的）：The man hada hideous face.那人长得难看极了.What is thathideous noise？ 那可怕的声音是怎么回事？Hesuffered a hideous fate when taken by the enemy.他被敌人抓去后，遭到了骇人听闻的折磨.-ly [adv]-ness [U]

ghastly /'ga:stli/ [Wa2] 1 (of a person) very pale and ill-looking（指人）脸色苍白的；面带病容的：He looked ghastly． 他脸色苍白．2 very frightening or ugly 可怕的；恐怖的；十分丑陋的：What a ghastly place that house is！那是一座多么可怕的房子啊！-iness ［U］

plain /plein/ [Wal] euph (esp of women) not pretty or good-looking； ugly（尤指女子）不漂亮的；难看的：I＇m afraid she＇s rather a plain girl. 很遗憾，她是个不怎么漂亮的女孩.-ness［U］

homely /'həumli/ [Wal] AmE (of people) not good-looking.（指人）不好看的；不漂亮的：She＇s a homely girl but she＇s kind-hearted.她长相不美，

但心地善良.-limess［U］

unsightly/An'saitli/ often euph ugly; not pleas-ant to look at 难看的；不悦目的：He had an un-sightly mark on his face.他脸上有个难看的斑痕.-liness ［U］

F39 adjectives 形容词：good to look at

［B］好看的

good-looking /gud-'lukny/ (of people) plea-sant to look at（指人）好看的；漂亮的：He＇s agoodlooking man, isn't he? She's a good-looking girl too. They make a good-looking pair／couple［→C77］．他是个漂亮的男子，是不是？她也是个漂亮的姑娘，他们俩真是漂亮的一对.

beautiful /'bju:təfəl/ 1 (usu of women, places, and things) very good-looking or worth look-ing at（常指女子、地方、事物）美丽的；美好的；优美的；漂亮的：What a beautiful girl she is， with such beautiful long hair.这秀发披肩的女孩长得真美！This is one of the most beautiful houses in the town．这是全城最漂亮的房子之一．2infmlvery good 很好的；出色的：That was a beautiful game of tennis.那场网球打得可真漂亮.

lovely／IAvli／［Wal］ 1 pleasingly beautiful 可爱的；好看的；令人愉快的：That＇s a lovely dress，isn＇t it？那件连衣裙真漂亮，是不是？What alovely smile she has.她的微笑真可爱.It＇s a really lovely day for a picnic. 今天真是野餐的好天气．2 infml very good 很好的：It＇s lovely to see you again！再次见到你真是太好了！A presentfor me；how lovely！是给我的礼物，好极了！-liness [U]

pretty/'priti/[Wal]1 (esp of a woman, a child, or a small thing) pleasing or nice to look at, listen to, etc; charming but not beautiful or grand（尤指女子、儿童、小东西）漂亮的；好看的；标致的；悦耳的；可爱的（不指华丽或堂皇的）：Shelooks. much prettier with long hair than with short hair.她留长发比短发漂亮多了.She hasquite a pretty singing voice. 她的歌喉很好听. What a pretty little garden！这小花园多么漂亮！ 2 deprec (of a boy) charming and graceful in a girlish way（指男孩）像女孩子般秀气的3 appreccausing admiration for neatness, cleverness, or skill 好的；巧妙的；恰当的；机灵的：That was apretty shot-well played！那一球打得真准-打得好！He writes with a pretty turn of phrase （＝ expresses himself well）．他文笔很好．4 derog ironical not nice；displeasing 不好的；令人不快的：It＇s a pretty state of affairs when I come home from work and she hasn't even cooked my dinner.我下班回家时，她还没给我做晚饭，真不像话.

attractive /ə'træktiv/ (usu of females, now in-creasingly of males) having good looks; pretty （通常指女子，但现时指男子也渐多）长得好看的；漂亮的：She＇s an attractive girl and he＇s an attractive man.她是个漂亮的姑娘，他是个英俊的男子.un-［neg］-ness［U］-ly［adv］

comely／＇kamli／［Wal］ old use ＆ lit beautiful 美丽的；标致的；花容月貌的：She was a most

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comely young woman.她是个十分标致的年轻女子.

handsome/'hænsəm/[Wa2] 1 (esp of men) good-looking； of attractive appearance（尤指男子）漂亮的；英俊的：He＇s a handsome lad，the handsomest／most handsome in town.他是个漂亮的小伙子，是全城最英俊的．2（esp of women）attractive but looking grand rather than deli-cate or pretty（尤指女子）端庄的；健美的：Whata handsome girl she is and what a fine char-acter she has.她是个多么美貌的女孩啊，人品又那么好.

striking /'straikig/ (of persons) interesting to look at （but not necessarily beautiful）（指人） 引人注目的（但不一定漂亮的）：What a strikingface she has！她的容颜多出众啊！-ly［adv］：He is strikingly handsome.他长得英俊出众.

presentable /pri'zentəbəl/ fit to be shown, heard, etc in public; fit to be seen (and judged）可示人的；像样的；中看的；体面的：She＇sa very presentable young woman.她是个很可人的年轻女子.I have nothing presentable to wear.我没有像样的衣服可穿.Make yourselfpresentable； our guests will be here soon.打扮得整齐点，客人就要到了.-bly［adv］

shapely /'Jeipli/ [Wal] (esp of women) having a pleasing or beautiful shape（尤指女子）身材好的；体态匀称的：She＇s a shapely young woman and suits that low-cut dress.她是个身材苗条的年轻女子，穿那件低领的连衣裙很相称.-liness［U］fair/feə/[Wal] often lit (of women) beautiful to look at（指女子）美丽的；好看的：She was young

and fair and he loved her.她年轻貌美，他很爱她.

elegant /'eləgənt/ beautiful in appearance, in moving，etc；well-made；fashionable 优美的；优雅的；雅致的；精致的；时髦的：She wore anelegant dress and walked in a very elegant way.她身穿一件雅致的连衣裙，走起路来姿态优美[Ape]사

picturesque / piktfə'resk/ 1 beautiful, charm-ing, or interesting enough to be made into a picture 美丽如画的：the picturesque ruins of the old castle 美丽如画的古城堡废墟2（of people，their manner, dress, etc) rather strange and unusual（指人、举止、服装等）奇特的；不寻常的：He was a picturesque figure with his long beard and strange clothes.他留着长胡子，身穿奇装异服，是个怪人．3（of language） unusually clear，strong，and descriptive（指语言）清晰的； 有力的；形象的；生动的

F40 nouns 名词：good or not good to look at 好看的与不好看的

beauty/'bju:ti/1 [U] the condition of being beautiful 美丽；美貌：This is a city of great beauty.这是一座非常美丽的城市.Her beautyfilled him with desire．她的美貌使他充满欲望．2［C］ a beautiful woman 美丽的女人：That girl will be a beauty when she grows up.那女孩长大后一定是个美人.What beauties these girls

F50 GOOD＆ EVIL 好与坏

are！这些女孩可真美！3［C］a beautiful thing， animal，etc 美丽的东西、动物等：This diamond is a real beauty.这颗钻石确实很美.Where didyou get those horses？-They are beauties！你从哪儿弄来的马？-它们真漂亮啊！

elegance /'eləgəns/ [U] the condition of being elegant 雅致；优美；优雅；高贵：She is wellknown for her elegance.她以举止优雅见誉.

grace／greis／［U］ 1 beauty of movement（指动作）优雅；优美：She moves with great grace.她的动作优美极了．2 pleasant manners 文雅的举止、风度：He thanked them with grace.他彬彬有礼地向他们致谢.graceful［B］showing grace 优美的；雅致的：She＇s a very graceful girl.她是个很优雅的女孩.-ly［adv］

ugliness ／＇Aglinis／［U］ the state of being ugly 丑陋；难看：The ugliness of the old house de-pressed her.那丑陋的旧房子使她很失望.

Good and evil

好与坏

F50 adjectives ＆ adverbs 形容词和副词：relating to the right qualities 有关正当品质的

good／gud／1［B］having the right qualities 好的： This is a good book but that one is better.这是一本好书，但那本书更好.These arguments areall good， and that one is the best of all.这些论据都很好，但那个最好.She＇s a good friend ofmine．她是我的一位好友．2［B］suitable；favour-able适合的；有利的：It＇s a good day for a drive. 今天是驾车出游的好日子.The weather＇s good.天气很好.He has a good chance of getting the job．他很有可能获得这项工作．3［B］enjoyable愉快的；有趣的：That was a good story.那是个有趣的故事.They had a good time at the party.他们在聚会上玩得很开心．4［B］ morally right；inaccordance with religious standards 善良的；正派的；有道德的：He led a good life.他过着很正派的生活．5［B］（esp of children） well-behaved （尤指儿童）乖的；规规矩矩的：Please be goodwhen your uncle comes．你叔叔来时，你要乖．6［B］suitable for its purpose 有效的；适当的：He gave some good advice.他提了一些好意见.That＇s a good idea． 那是个好主意．7［A］（in exclamations）（用于感叹语）：Good heavens！ Good God！老天爷！上帝啊！8［A］（in greet-ings）（用于问候）：Good morning，John.早上好， 约翰.

well /wel/ [adv] 1 in the right manner; satis-factorily 适当地；令人满意地：They spent their money well and were pleased with what they had bought.他们的钱用得很适当，对买的东西很满意．2 with kindness or favour 赞扬地：They speak well of him in the school.在学校里他们都说他好．3［Wa5］justly or suitably 有理由地；适

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F51 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

当地：I couldn＇t very well refuse when she asked me to go. 她请我去时我没有充分理由拒绝她．4 to a high standard 水平高地：She paints well．她画得很好．5 closely as a person 密切地；熟悉地：I know her well.我跟她很熟.

nice/nais/[Wal;B] 1 good; kind; well done or well made 好的；友善的；干得好的：It＇s nice tosee you.见到你很高兴.It＇s hard to be nice to someone you don＇t like.对自己不喜欢的人很难友好相待.That was a nice shot you played.你刚才那个球打得真好.She did a nice piece ofwork for our company.她为我们公司做了一件好事．2 pleasant，pleasing 令人愉快的；美好的：It's a nice day today, isn't it (= with good weather）？今天天气很好，是吧？This soup tastes very nice.这汤的味道很不错.How nice to seeyou again！再次见到你真高兴！3 becoming rare& sometimes deprec having or showing (too) high standards morally or socially 有教养的；正派的；高尚的：Nice girls don＇t do things like that.正派的女孩子不做那样的事.This couldn＇thappen in nice society.在良好的社会里不会发生那样的事．4 derog ironical ＆ infml bad， wrong 糟糕的；错误的：＇You＇re a nice friend；you won＇t even lend me £5?' 'Lend you £5?-That's a nice state of affairs！“你可真够朋友的，连五英镑都不借给我！”“借你五英镑？-那岂不糟了.”-ly[adv]

fair/feə/[Wal; B] esp lit (esp of weather con-ditions）good（尤指天气）好的：They had fair weather for their voyage.他们整个航程天气都很好.

pleasant /'plezənt/ [Wa2; B] 1 pleasing to the senses，feelings， or mind； enjoyable 令人愉快的；舒适的；合意的：We had a very pleasant time at their house last night.昨晚我们在他们家过得很愉快.What a pleasant taste the food has.这食品真可口.It was a pleasant surprise to see her again．再次见到她真是又惊又喜．2（esp ofpeople） likeable， friendly（尤指人）讨人喜欢的； 友好的：She seems a pleasant （sort of） person. 她这人似乎很讨人喜欢.Make an effort to bepleasant at the party，please.在聚会上要尽力使人高兴.She had a very pleasant smile.她的微笑很讨人喜欢．3（of weather） fine；favourable （天气）晴朗的；好的：It＇s quite pleasant today although there is a cold wind.虽然今天刮着寒风，但天气还是晴朗的.un-［neg］-ly ［adv］-ness [U]

fine /fain/[Wal; B] 1 good in quality, contents, ideas，etc 好的；优良的；优质的：This is a finebook；you＇ll enjoy it．这是本好书，你会喜欢的．2(of weather) not raining,etc;sunny,etc;very good（天气）晴朗的：It＇s a fine day.今天天气晴朗．What fine weather！天气真好！3 good morally，by nature，etc（本质、道德上）好的： He＇s a fine man；he＇ll help us.他是个好人，他会帮助我们的．4（of things）well-made（指制品）精制的；精巧的：What a fine piece of work that painting is！那幅画真是一件精品！5［adv］AmE＆ ScotE very well 很好：I like him fine.我很喜欢他.

congenial /kən'd3i:nıəl/ [B] pleasant and suit-able 令人愉快的；适宜的；舒适的；适意的：She is a

congenial person to work with.和她一起工作很愉快.This is a congenial place to live in.住在这个地方很舒适.un-［neg］-ly［adv］

F51 adjectives 形容词：relating to the

right qualities ［Wa5；B］infm／有关正当品质的

great／grert／very enjoyabe，good，etc了不起的； 非常好的；令人非常愉快的：What a great idea！多好的主意！It＇s great to see you again.又见到你真是太好了.

grand／grænd／very pleasant，delightful 非常令人愉快的；了不起的；非常好的：That was a grandparty，wasn＇t it？那次聚会真好，是不是？

swell／swel／esp AmE great；grand 了不起的；极好的；令人非常愉快的：What a swell idea！多好的主意！It was swell to see you all again.又见到你们真是好极了.

super ／＇su：pə／esp BrE great；grand 了不起的；极好的；令人非常愉快的：What a super party！多么令人愉快的聚会！It was super of you to help.你来帮忙真是太好了.

smashing ／＇smæfig／ esp BrE great；grand 了不起的；极好的；令人非常愉快的：It would besmashing to see her again.要是能再见到她就太好了.What a smashing dress！多漂亮的连衣裙！

F52 adjectives 形容词：relating to the right qualities［B］有关正当品质的

excellent/'eksələnt/ very good; of high quality 优秀的；优质的；极好的；卓越的；杰出的：Sheenjoys excellent health.她的健康极佳.What ex-cellent work he has done！他工作干得真出色！She will make him an excellent wife.她会成为他的贤内助的.-ly［adv］-ence［U］

splendid /'splendid/ very good; worth admiring 出色的；极好的；值得羡慕的：What a splendididea！多好的主意！It was splendid of him to help you.他帮你的忙真是太好了.They live in asplendid house in the country.他们住在乡间一座非常好的房子里.-ly［adv］

superb/su:'p3:b/ really grand; very spendid;of the finest quality 极好的；超等的；第一流的：What a superb cook she is！她真是个第一流的厨师！His work is quite superb.他的工作十分出色.-ly［adv］

superior /su:'piərrə/ good or better in quality than other persons or things of the same kind 优越的；优良的；出类拔萃的：This is a superiorcar， sir； drive it and you will see why. 先生，这部汽车质量超群，你试开一下就知道了.She is avery superior kind ofgirl.她是一个出众的女孩.capital ／＇kæpət！／ esp formerly very good 很好的：

That＇s a capital plan； let＇s do it！那是个极好的计划，我们干吧！What a capital idea！多好的主意！

superlative /su:'p3:lətiv/ [Wa5] better than all others 最高的；最好的：work of superlative qual-ity 质量最佳的工作

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supreme/su:'pr:m/[Wa5] highest in quality, position，power，etc（在质量、地位、权力等方面） 最高的：It was the supreme moment in his life. 这是他一生中最重要的时刻.Rome was supreme／the supreme power in the Mediterranean world for many years.罗马帝国多年来曾是地中海地区的霸主.-ly［adv］：He did the work su-premely well.他的工作干得极其出色.supremacy[U] the state of being supreme, esp in power over others 至高无上；最高权力：The supremacy of Rome lasted many years.罗马帝国的霸主地位延续了很多年.

de luxe /dr'laks/ Fr especially good and in-tended for the wealthy 豪华的；品质优良的：Thede luxe model costs a lot more than the stan-dard one.豪华型产品比普通型的贵很多.

prime/praim/[Wa5] 1 apprec (usu of meat, esp beef） of the very best quality or kind（肉类，尤指牛肉）最好的；上等的：This meat is very dear.-Yes, but it's a prime joint; it's in prime condition.这肉很贵.-是的，但这是最上等的肉块，质量极好．2 first in time，rank，or impor-tance首要的；首位的；主要的：This is a matter ofprime importance.这是最重要的事.He is the Prime Minister of the country.他是这个国家的首相.

choice/tfors/ [Wal] (esp of food) worthy of being chosen； of high quality（尤指食物）值得选用的；精选的；优质的；上等的：The shop was sell-ing very choice apples.这家商店出售上等苹果.Give me a pound of the choicest meat, please. 请给我来一磅最好的肉.Those look very choiceapples.那些苹果看上去非常好.（fig ironical）She swore at him but he used even choicer phrases (= even stronger and more offensive) in reply.她骂了他一顿，但他用更尖锐的话回敬了她.

select/sə'lekt/chosen very carefully and there-fore(thought to be) the best or very good; accepting only (those who are thought to be) the best or very good经严格挑选的；精选的；极佳的；优等的；严格选择成员的：These are selectapples.这些是优质苹果.He belongs to a very select club. 他参加了一个对会员挑选极为严格的俱乐部.

classic/'klæsik/[Wa5] 1[A] very good, esp because of a kind that has for a long time been considered good， special，etc第一流的；最优秀的；极好的（尤指长久以来都备受推崇的）：Thisis a really classic French wine.这是真正的法国名酒．2 very true or suitable 模范的；典型的：This is a classic example of how Roman houses were built/of how not to teach a language.这座房子是罗马式建筑／这是教授语言不可效法的典型例子．3 also 又作 classical verygood because simple 简朴而典雅的：She wore a dress with classic lines/of classical simplicity. 她身穿一件线条简朴典雅的连衣裙.

F53 adjectives 形容词：relating to the right qualities emot 有关正当品质的

wonderful／＇wandəfəl／unusually good 绝妙的；极

F54 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

好的：What wonderful news！特大喜讯！It＇s wonderful to see you again.又见到你真是太好[Ape]

marvellous /'ma:vələs/ wonderful, esp because surprising 极好的；不可思议的；令人惊奇的：It＇sabsolutely marvellous to be here again！又来到这里真是好极了！What marvellous weather for the time of year！在这个时候能有这样的好天气真是难得！-ly［adv］

magnificent /mæg'nifəsənt/ great, grand, gen-erous，etc 壮丽的；宏伟的；堂皇的；大方的：Thequeen was wearing a magnificent dress.女王穿着一件华丽的衣服.He gave them a magnificentgift worth hundreds of pounds.他送给他们一件价值几百英镑的厚礼.-ly［adv］-ence［U］

glorious ／＇glorriəs／1 very beautiful； splendid 绚丽的；灿烂的；辉煌的；壮丽的：The trees are allglorious colours in autumn.秋天的树木五彩缤纷．2 infml very enjoyable 令人愉快的：This is a glorious joke！ 这个笑话真滑稽！3 now lesscommon having or worthy of great honour and fame 光荣的：He performed glorious deeds in battle.他战绩辉煌.-ly［adv］

stupendous /stju:'pendəs/ very good, and causing great satisfaction or surprise 了不起的； 惊人的：What a stupendous thing to do！真是惊人之举！-ly［adv］

fabulous／＇fæbjuləs／1 nearly unbelievable 难以置信的；惊人的：She inherited a fabulous sum of money．她继承了一笔惊人的巨大遗产．2infmlvery good or pleasant；excellent 极好的；极为愉快的：We had a fabulous holiday in Spain.我们在西班牙度过了一个非常愉快的假期.-ly［adv］

sensational/sen'seifənəl/ very good, and caus-ing strong feeling，excitement，etc 极好的；令人激动的；令人兴奋的；轰动的：The news was reallysensational； it has set everyone talking.这条新闻的确激动人心；人人都在议论它.What asensational dress she was wearing！她穿的那身衣裙多迷人啊！-ly［adv］

F54 adjectives 形容词：more or less good［B］尚好的

decent／＇di：sənt／infml rather good 像样的；相当好的；尚可的；过得去的：You can get quite adecent meal in that restaurant without spend-ing too much money.在那家饭店用膳你不用花很多钱就能吃上一顿很像样的饭.-ly［adv］

fair／feə／［Wa1］ quite good， large， fine，etc 相当好的；相当大的；相当不错的：The profit was fairbut not as big as they had hoped.利润相当不错，但还不像他们所期望的那样大.His examresults were not wonderful, but they were fair. 他的考试成绩虽不算很好，但也相当不错了.Howdid he do in the exam？-Fair.他考得怎么样？-还可以.

satisfactory/ sætis'fæktəri/ good enough for the purpose but not really good, or what one wanted 良好的；符合要求的；差强人意的：Yourson's work is satisfactory, but he could do better.你儿子的工作做得不错，但他还能做得更好[Ape]-[8u]-un

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F55 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

average /'ævərid3/ [Wa5] of the usual or ordi-nary kind or quality 普通的；一般的：There was nothing special about the meal; it was ave-rage.这顿饭没什么特别的，普普通通.His examresults were just average.他的考试成绩是中等.-ly [adv]

adequate /'ædəkwit/ 1 enough for the purpose 足够的；充分的：We took adequate food for a short camping holiday.我们为短短的假日野营活动带备足够的食品．2 having the necessaryability or qualities 胜任的：I hope he will prove adequate to the job．我希望他能胜任这项工作．3only just good enough 尚可的；差强人意的：Theperformance was adequate but hardly excit-ing.演出还算差强人意，但说不上精彩.in-［neg］-ly[adv]-ness,-quacy [U]

passable /'pa:səbəl/ [Wa5] just good enough to pass（a test，standard）过得去的；尚可的；及格的（测验、标准）：The food in that restaurant is passable，nothing more.那家饭店的饭菜还过得去，仅此而已.-bly ［adv］

mediocre /,mi:dr'əukə/ of not very good or bad quality or ability, but usu not good enough 平庸的；平凡的；不够好的：The hotel wascomfortable but the food was mediocre.这家旅馆住得舒适，但饭菜很一般.He is a rathermediocre poet. 他是个相当平庸的诗人.-crity[U]-ly [adv]

middling ／＇midlrn／ ［Wa5］ infml average 普通的；一般的；中等的：Was the food good？-Middling; it was nothing special (= not par-ticularly good）.饭菜好吗？-很一般；没有什么特别的.

F55 nouns 名词：relating to the right qualities 有关正当品质的

good/gud/1 [U] that which is right and useful in accordance with religious beliefs or moral standards 好；好事；善事：By behaving well you can be an influence for good.只要行为端正，你就会是个有良好影响力的人.He does a lot ofgood for the town by giving money to build new schools.他捐钱兴建新学校，为这个城市做了许多好事.There＇s good in her， in spite of her bad behaviour．她虽行为不端，但仍有好的一面．2［U］ that which causes gain or improvement 利益；好处；用处：He works for the good of his family.他为家庭的幸福而工作.You must live ina dry country for the good ofyour health.为了你的身体健康，你应住在气候干燥的国家.Youmust take this medicine for your own good.你必须服这药，这是为你自己好.I＇d lend him themoney if I thought it would do (him) any good．假如我认为对他有帮助，我会借钱给他的．3[the P] good people generally;the people who do what is right 好人；善人 Christians believe that the good go to heaven when they die.基督教徒相信好人死后会升天堂.

virtue /'v3:tfu:/ 1 [U] esp formerly goodness, nobleness, and worth of character as shown in right behaviour 德；美德：You can trust him；

he＇s a man ofgreat virtue.你可以信任他，他是一个品德高尚的人．2［C］ any good quality ofcharacter or behaviour 美德；优点：Among his virtues are courage and truthfulness.他的许多美德中包括有勇气和诚实．3［U］ good advantage优点；长处；好处：There＇s no virtue in waiting here for him any longer; he clearly isn't com-ing.在这里再等下去毫无好处，很明显，他是不会来了.There is some virtue in doing this， but not much.这样做有些好处，但不多.

honour BrE, honor AmE /'pnə/ [U] esp formerly personal virtue 荣誉；名誉：The knight said he would fight to save his honour.这位骑士说他要为挽回自己的名誉而战.

F56 adjectives 形容词：（esp of people） having the right qualities ［B］（尤指人） 具备正当品质的

virtuous ／＇v3：tfuəs／ 1 apprec having virtue 有道德的；有德行的：She is a virtuous woman.她是一位贞洁的女人．2 deprec（too） satisfied with one's own good behaviour and expressing this in one's manner towards those who (may) have done wrong 自鸣清高的；道貌岸然的：Oh，stop being so damned virtuous; you aren't perfect，either！嘿，别那么自鸣清高了，你也不是十全十美的！-ly［adv］

noble /'nəubal/ [Wa2, 3] 1 of high quality, esp morally； deserving praise； worthy；unselfish 高尚的；崇高的；值得称颂的；有价值的；伟大的：Hisattempt to save the poor people's homes was truly noble.他为挽救穷人的居屋所作的努力确实很值得称赞.What a noble woman she is； she works all the time to help others.她真是个品德高尚的女人，她总是为帮助他人而工作.ig-［neg］-bly [adv] 2 admirable in appearance; grand 壮丽的；宏伟的：It is a building of nobleproportions［→J40］．这是一座宏伟的建筑物．nobility [U]

worthy /'w3:ði/ [Wal] 1 often pomp or humor ＆ ironical deserving praise 值得称颂的；可敬的： He is indeed a worthy man and has led a good life.他确实是一位值得尊敬的人，一直过着道德高尚的生活.I＇m afraid our worthy friends won＇t help us.恐怕我们那些可敬的朋友们不会来帮助我们了．2［（of）］deserving something stated 值得···的；配得上···的；与···相称的：Thisman is worthy of praise； he has done well.这个人干得很好，值得称赞.un-［neg］ -ily ［adv］-iness [U]

conscientious /,konfi'enfəs/ taking care to work well 认真的；尽责的：She is a conscien-tious student； she always tries hard.她是个认真的学生，一向很用功.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

selfiess/'selflis/ caring for and thinking (only) of others, not oneself; completely unselfish and therefore noble 无私的；忘我的：What a selfless person she is, always helping other people！她总是帮助别人，真是个无私的人！-ly[adv]-ness [U]

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F57 adjectives ＆ adverbs 形容词和副词：relating to the wrong qualities ［B］有关不正当品质的

bad /bæd/ not good; not what someone or something should be, morally, socially, reli-giously，etc 坏的；差的；不好的；不道德的；腐败的；邪恶的：What bad weather！天气真坏！She＇s a bad child; she won't do what we want her to do.她不是个好孩子；她不愿做我们要她做的事.This apple is bad； I won＇t eat it.这苹果烂了，我不要吃.I＇ve got a really bad headache， much worse than last week; it feels like the worst （headache）I＇ve ever had.我的头疼得厉害，比上星期还厉害，我好像从来没有这样头疼过.Don＇t tryto read in this bad light.不要在这样昏暗的灯光下看书.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

ill /il/ [adv Wa5 often in comb] 1 unfavourably 坏；不利地：to think／speak ill of someone 认为某人不好／讲某人的坏话 2 hardly；scarcely；notenough 几乎不；不充分；不足够：I can ill affordthe time. 我抽不出时间.The child looked ill-fed．那孩子看上去营养不良．3 badly，cruelly，orunpleasantly 恶劣地；残酷地；令人不愉快地：Thechild was ill-treated.这孩子受到虐待.

nasty /'na:sti/ [Wa1] 1 morally bad or improper （道德上）下流的；龌龊的；淫秽的：This is a nastybook； the work of a nasty mind.这是一本淫秽的书，是思想龌龊的人写的作品．2 very ugly orunpleasant to see，taste，smell，etc 难看的；难闻的；难吃的；（天气）恶劣的：It＇s nasty to drinkfrom a dirty cup.用脏杯子喝水太恶心了.Fishtastes nasty if it isn＇t fresh.不新鲜的鱼吃起来有一股臭味.What nasty foggy weather！这大雾弥漫的天气太讨厌了！3 harmful；painful 有害的；痛苦的；严重的：There was a nasty accident here yesterday and two people were killed.昨天这里发生了一起严重的事故，有两个人死亡.He got anasty cut on the head in a fight.他在殴斗中头部被严重砍伤.Our hotel bill came as a nasty shock. 我们拿到旅馆帐单时大吃一惊.-ily ［adv］-iness [U]

foul/faul/[Wal](esp of weather, character, etc) very bad（尤指天气、品格等）很坏的；恶劣的：Hehas a foul temper [→F103] when he doesn't get what he wants.他得不到想要的东西时，脾气就很坏.This weather is really foul； it has been raining heavily all week.这天气真糟透了，大雨已下了整整一周.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

rotten／rotn／［Wa2］infml ＆ emot bad 坏的；不良的；糟糕的：It was rotten of you to tell him what I said about him.你这个人太糟糕了，怎么把我议论他的话全都告诉他了.What rottenweather！天气糟透了！The book was rotten；I didn＇t like it at all.这本书很糟糕，我一点也不喜欢.-ness［U］

selfish /'selfif concerned with or directed towards one's own advantage without care for others 自私的：She is a selfish person， and everything she does is forselfish reasons.她是个自私的人，她所做的每件事都是出于自私的动机.-ly [adv]-ness [U]

base /bers/ [Wal] esp lit & old use bad,esp

F59 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

because doing things, or done, for selfish,. dishonest，etc reasons 卑鄙的；坏的：It was a base action to take her money！拿走她的钱是卑鄙的行为！

offensive/ə'fensiv/ 1 causing annoyance or anger or offence［→F149］得罪人的；冒犯的： What an offensive thing to say！说这话太得罪人了！ She is a very offensive person sometimes. 她这人有时是很冒失的．in-［neg］2 unpleasant 讨厌的；令人不快的：What＇s that offensive smell？ 那讨厌的臭味是怎么回事呀？-ly［adv］-ness［U］

F58 adjectives 形容词：relating to the wrong qualities ［B］有关不正当品质的

evil/'i:vəl/[Wa2] very bad, esp in thought or behaviour； wicked or harmful坏的；邪恶的；罪恶的：He is an evil man with evil ideas， and leads an evil life.他是个坏蛋，满脑子都是坏主意，过着罪恶的生活.-ly［adv］

wicked／＇wikid／［Wa1］ very bad；evil 坏透的；邪恶的：What a wicked man he is！他真是个恶棍！-ly [adv]-ness [U]

devilish ／＇devəlıĵ／ evil； like a devil［■C323］魔鬼似的；可恶的；恶毒的：Stop playing such devil-ish tricks on people！别再对人耍这种鬼把戏了！-ly[adv]

diabolical /,darə'bplikəl/ fml & pomp devilish; evil 恶魔似的；凶恶的；邪恶的：He had a diaboli-cal plan to kill his family.他有一个凶狠的计划，要杀掉全家人．-ly［adv Wa4］

sinful/'sınfəl/1 evil;guilty of, or being,sin[ F62，C341］有罪的；邪恶的：What a sinful city that is！＇the priest said.“那真是个罪恶的城市！”牧师说.He has led a sinful life， harming many people．他曾过着罪恶的生活，害了很多人．2infmlshameful；seriously wrong or bad 可耻的；不道德的；很不应该的：What a sinful waste ofmoney！这样浪费金钱真是太可耻了！-ly［adv］-ness[U]

abysmal /ə'bızməl/ usu deprec (of work, qual-ities, etc) very bad; very much worse than usual（指工作、品质）极糟的；非常坏的：He is anabysmal failure at his work.他在工作中一事无成.She showed abysmal ignorance （＝ lack of knowledge） last night！昨晚她表现得十分无知！-ly[adv]

F59 adjectives 形容词：behaving badly ［B］表现恶劣的

wicked /'wikid/ [Wal] 1 infml esp old use behaving badly 表现不好的；淘气的：You wicked child-go to bed at once！你这淘气的孩子--马上睡觉去！2 suggesting ideas， actions，etc which could be exciting (but perhaps im-moral）挑逗性的：She gave him a wicked smile and left the room.她对他挑逗地一笑，然后离开了房间.You＇re looking wicked-what are you planning？看你那副缺德的模样-又在打什么歪主意了？-ly［adv］-ness［U］

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F60 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

naughty/'no:ti/ [Wal] 1 (usu of a child) bad in behaviour; not obeying a parent, teacher, set of rules，etc（常指小孩）淘气的；顽皮的；不听话的：You naughty boy; it's naughty to pull your sister＇s hair.你这顽皮的孩子；扯你妹妹的头发是不对的.It was naughty of Father to stay out so late．爸爸在外面待到那么晚很不对．2 euph（espin newspapers) morally, esp sexually, im-proper（尤用于报纸中）猥亵的；下流的：He wrotean amusing and naughty book.他写了一本逗趣而猥亵的书.-ily［adv］

mischievous/'mistfivəs/1 deprec causing harm, often with intention 造成伤害的（通常故意地）；为害的；有害的：Someone is spreading mis-chievous stories about the minister's private life（＝is saying that it is bad）.有人正在对部长的私生活散布恶意中伤的传闻．2 having or show-ing a liking for playfulness, esp of a rather troublesome kind 恶作剧的；调皮捣蛋的；好捣乱的：One expects healthy children to be mis-chievous at times.健康的儿童有时难免调皮捣蛋.The little girl had a mischievous expression on her face.那小女孩流露出一脸顽皮的表情.-ly[adv]-ness [U]

F60 adjectives 形容词：not good in

particular ways 在某些方面不好的

sinister/'sinistə/ [B] intending, threatening,or leading to evil 不祥的；凶兆的；险恶的；阴险的；邪恶的，凶恶的：He had a sinister look on his face.他一脸凶相.She has a sinister plan toget control of the company.她有一个企图控制公司的阴险计划.

ulterior /Al'trəriə/ [Wa5; A; (B)] infml hidden or kept secret， esp because bad（尤指因用心不良而）隐蔽的；秘而不宣的；不可告人的：He has anulterior motive (= reason or intention) for wanting to see her; he is going to ask for money.他要见她是有不可告人的用心的；他打算向她要钱.

obscene /əb'si:n/ [B] 1(esp of ideas,books, etc，usu about sex） nasty and dirty（尤指意念、书籍等）猥亵的；诲淫的；污秽的：What anobscene mind he has！ 他的思想真肮脏！Shedoesn＇t read obscene books， she says.她说她不读淫秽书籍．2 very bad indeed 非常坏的；令人厌恶的：I think his behaviour is quite obscene.我认为他的行为十分恶劣.-ly［adv］

depraved /di'prervd/ [B] having (developed) a bad character 堕落的；腐化的；品德败坏的：Thatyoung man has become thoroughly depraved; he drinks too much and has forgotten what truth and honesty are.那个年轻男子彻底堕落了，他酗酒，而且连什么是真理和诚实都忘了.

F61 infml adjectives 非正式形容词：not good［B］不好的

awful／＇o：fal／very bad；very great 极坏的；糟透的； 极其；非常的：What awful weather！天气糟透了！-ly［adv］：How awfully unkind！真是太不客

气了！awfully cold 非常冷

terrible／＇terəbəl／very bad indeed糟透的；极坏的： What terrible weather！天气坏极了！Don＇t read that book；it＇s terrible.别读那本书，糟透了.-bly ［adv］：He behaved terribly.他的行为恶劣极了.

diabolical /,daıə'bplikəl/ often humor very bad 极坏的；糟透的：We went to see the new playlast night；it was really diabolical.昨晚我们去看那出新剧；真是糟透了．-ly［adv Wa4］

dreadful /'dredfəl/ very bad, unpleasant, or shocking 糟透的；讨厌的；令人震惊的：What isthat dreadful smell！那讨厌的臭味是怎么回事？His exam results are dreadful.他的考试成绩糟透了.-ly［adv］

horrible／＇hprəbəl／very unpleasant or ugly 十分令人不快的；丑陋的：What a horrible pictureshe＇s painted！她画了一张多难看的画啊！-bly[adv]

ghastly／＇ga：stli／［Wa2］ very bad 极坏的；糟透的： We had a ghastly time at that party.那次聚会我们玩得很不开心.

appalling ／ə＇po：lın／ of very bad quality 质量坏的； 糟糕的：Mary is an appalling cook.玛丽的烹调技术糟得很.-ly［adv］

frightful／＇fraitfəl／very bad；horrible 极坏的；可怕的：What frightful weather！天气糟透了！-ly [adv][ALSO→F124]

F62 nouns 名词：relating to wrong qualities 有关坏品质的

evil/'i:val/ [U;C] great wickedness or misfor-tune 邪恶；罪恶：He warned his son to beware of evil／of the evils of the big city.他警告儿子要提防邪恶／大城市的种种邪恶.

sin /sin/1 [U] evil as understood in a religion （宗教上的）罪；罪孽；罪恶：These people say thatthe city is a place full of sin and you must leave it.这些人说，这城市是个充满罪恶的地方，你必须离开这儿．2［C］an evil act，esp as under-stood in a religion（尤指宗教上的）罪行；罪过：Insome religions it is a sin to eat the meat of pigs and drink alcohol.有些宗教认为吃猪肉和饮酒是罪恶的行为.His sins could affect his chil-dren＇s lives，＇said the priest.神父说：“他的罪孽会影响他的孩子们的生活．”［ALSO→C341］

mischief /'mistfif/1 [U] bad, but not seriously bad, behaviour or actions, as of children, probably causing trouble and possibly damage or harm 顽皮；调皮；淘气；恶作剧：If his motherleaves him alone for five minutes,the little boy gets into mischief.这小男孩只要他妈妈有五分钟不在跟前，就胡闹起来.Give him a toy toplay with； that＇ll keep him out of mischief.给他个玩具玩玩，那样他就不会捣乱了.She knew thechildren were up to some mischief (=doing or planning something wrong) and she found them in the garden digging up the flowers.她知道孩子们在胡闹，果然发现他们在花园里挖花.Go to bed; you've done enough mischief(for) today．睡觉去，今天你们已经闹够了．2［U］troublesome playfulness or an expression, such as a smile or a look, of a desire to be-

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have in this way 恶作剧；调皮的神色：She gaveher father a smile that was full of mischief, and he wondered what trick she planned to play on him.她朝父亲调皮地一笑，他不知道她要跟他捣什么鬼．3［C］infml a person，esp a child， who is often troublesomely playful 淘气鬼；调皮的人：Before long， the baby will be as big a mischief as his three-year-old brother.不用很久，这婴儿就会和他三岁的哥哥一样淘气了．4［U］damage, harm, or hurt done by a person, animal，or thing；wrong-doing 伤害；破坏；恶行： The monkey did a lot of mischief before it was caught and put back in its cage; it broke a number of things.这猴子在被抓回笼子之前闯了不少祸，弄坏了许多东西.He＇s sorry for havingtold lies, but the mischief (= the harm caused by his lies) has been done and can't be undone.他后悔撒了谎，但造成的恶果已无法挽回.do someone/oneself a mischief usu humor to hurt someone／oneself 损害某人／自己：If you try to lift a heavy weight like that you'll do yourself a mischief.如果你想把那么重的东西举起来，你会伤了自己的. to make mischief(between people) to speak so as to cause trouble, disagreement, quarrels, unfriendly feelings，etc（between people）（在人们之间）挑拨离间：That old woman has an evil tongue and is always making mischief between her son and his wife.那老太婆是个长舌妇，老是在儿子和儿媳妇之间搬弄是非.

vice／vais／1［U］ wickedness of character 堕落；腐化：He＇s a wild boy but there＇s no vice in him. 他是个野孩子，但心地不坏．2［C］a serious faultof character；a bad habit（品格上的）严重缺陷； 邪恶；坏习惯；恶习：His laziness is his greatest vice.懒惰是他最大的毛病.His vices are smok-ing and drinking too much.他的两大陋习是抽烟和酗酒．3［U；C］evil living 罪恶：There＇s a lot of vice in big cities.大城市里充满了罪恶.

obscenity /əb'senəti/1[U] the quality of being obscene 猥亵；淫秽；诲淫：He was upset by the obscenity of the film and did not think that young people should see it.他对这部诲淫电影很反感，认为年轻人不该观看．2 ［C］an obsceneact，practice，or habit 猥亵的行为或习惯：These obscenities should not be allowed;they must be stopped！＇he said.他说：“不能容许这些猥亵的行为横行，必须制止！”For some people，wearing no clothes in public is an obscenity.对一些人来说，在公众场所裸露是猥亵行为.

depravity/dr'prævəti/1[U] the quality or state of being depraved 堕落；腐败：His depravity led him into crime．他的堕落导致他犯罪．2［C］adepraved act，practice，or habit 腐败堕落的行为或习惯：The depravities of the evil king made him hateful to all good men.这个邪恶国王的腐败行为弄得所有的好人都痛恨他.

F63 nouns 名词：rules of behaviour 行为准则

morality/mə'ræləti/ [U] the rightness (or not) of behaviour， of an action，etc 是非善恶；道德；

F63 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

道义：I am worried about the morality of what he is doing. 我担心他的行为在道义上是否正当.im-[neg]

morais /'mprəlz/ [P] rules of behaviour; behav-iour itself， esp in matters of sex 道德；伦理；品行（尤指性方面）：A society＇s morals change slowly as time passes.一个社会的伦理道德观随着时间的流逝而慢慢变化.She thinks his morals aren＇t very good.她认为他的品行不很好.

ethics／＇eθrks／1［P］ moral rules 道德规范；道德准则：What ought I to do？-It＇s a question of ethics．我该怎么办？-这是个道德规范的问题．2［U］ the study of morality 伦理学；道德学：He was reading a book on ethics.他正在读一本关于伦理学的书.

conscience /'konfəns/ [C; U] an inner sense that knows the difference between right and wrong, judges one's actions according to moral laws and makes one feel guilty,good, evil，etc 良心；道德心；是非心：My conscience is clear.我光明磊落，问心无愧.There is nothingtroubling my conscience.我问心无愧.She has a guilty conscience.她问心有愧.have no con-science to be unable to tell the difference be-tween right and wrong 不分是非；失去良知：Jean's got no conscience; she'd steal anything from anybody.琴已失去良知，谁的东西她都偷.inall conscience without offending one's con-science 凭良心；公正地：I couldn＇t do such a wicked thing in all conscience.凭良心我干不了这样的坏事.matter of conscience a question which only one＇s conscience can decide 只有良心才能决定的事：I can＇t advise you on such aquestion； it＇s a matter of conscience.这种问题我无法向你提供建议，只有问你自己的良心了.onone＇s conscience causing one to feel guilty感到内疚；受到良心的谴责：How can you sleepwith such a thing on your conscience？干了这种亏心事，你怎么能睡得着？

scruple /'skru:pəl/ [C usu pl with sing mean-ing] a feeling of doubt about whether one is doing right or not（对事情有否做错的）顾虑；犹豫；踌躇：He has no scruples；he＇ll do anything for money.他肆无忌惮，为了钱什么都干得出来.scrupulous very careful, esp in not doing anything wrong 小心谨慎的；严谨的（尤指为免犯错）：She is a scrupulous worker.她工作小心谨慎.un-［neg］-ly［adv］-ness［U］

duty /'dju:ti/ [C; U] what one must do either because of one's job or because one thinks it right 责任；义务；职责；本分：When duty cals Imust obey.职责所在，我必须履行.She has astrong sense of duty.她的责任感很强.Do your duty.尽你的本分.It＇s my duty to help you.帮助你是我分内的事.He paid a duty visit（＝be-cause of conscience）to his mother.他去探望他母亲，尽一下本分.dutiful［B］showing a strong sense of duty 尽责任的；有责任心的：He wasalways a very dutiful son／worker.他一向都是个非常孝顺的儿子／尽职的工作人员.-ly［adv］-ness[U]

obligation /,pblə'gerfən/ [C; U] usu fml duty; what one must do 义务；职责；责任：You have an obligation to help us; we have helped you

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F64 GOOD ＆ EVIL 好与坏

in the past.你们有义务帮助我们；我们以前帮过你们.I am under an obligation to help him must help him）.我有义务／一定要帮助他.Ỳouhave no obligation to buy (= You don't need to buy）.你不一定要买.He did it from a sense of obligation (= He felt he ought to do it and so he did it）.他出于责任感做了这件事.［ALSOC191]

F64 nouns 名词：right and wrong 正确与错误

right/rait/1 [U] what is right or morally good 正确；对：The child is old enough to know the difference between right and wrong.这孩子已到了能够分辨是非的年龄．2［S；U；（of，to，3）］（a）morally just or lawful claim 权利； 法权：She has a right/has no right/has less right than I have （to say，that）.她有权利／没有权利／不及我有权利（那么说）.He has the right to do it.他有权那样做.The law gave him the right of cutting wood in the forest.法律给他在森林里砍树的权利.byright of because of (something that gives a just claim）凭借···；由于···：She is British by right of marriage.她因婚姻而成为英国人.inone's own right because of a personal claim that does not depend on anyone else 依据自己的权利、资格、能力（而非依赖他人）：Elizabeth IIis queen of England in her own right.伊丽莎白二世凭自己的继承权而当上英女王.be in theright to have justice on one's side; not to deserve blame 对的；正确的；有理的：I must findout which of them was in the right.我必须弄清楚他们当中谁有理.

wrong /rog/ 1 [U] what is not right; standards according to which some things are bad 错误； 罪恶；邪恶：He knows right from wrong well enough．他是非分得很清．2［C］esp lit any bad action， esp one which causes pain 恶行；冤屈： The wrongs he has done will not be forgotten. 他的恶行人们是不会忘记的.in the wrong de-serving blame 犯错误；理亏；应受责难 twowrongs don't make a right you ought not to harm someone as punishment for harming you 不可以冤报冤；冤冤相报何时了

F65 adjectives 形容词：right and wrong

是与非

right／rait／［B（in）；F3］ just；morally＿good 正确的；（道德上）对的；正义的；正当的：This is theright thing to do.这样做就对了.I＇ll try to do whatever is right.凡是对的事我就努力去做.It＇snot right，but wrong，to tell lies.说谎不对，是错误的.I was right in selling／right to sell the farm.我卖掉农庄是对的.It seemed only right to give her something. 看来要给她一点东西才对.-ness [U]

wrong／rpi／［B （in）； F3］ morally bad； evil（道德

上）不好的；错误的；不对的；邪恶的：Telling lies is

wrong-it＇s wrong to tell lies.说谎是不对的. -ness[U]

moral/'mprəl/1 [Wa5; A] concerning character, behaviour, or actions, considered or judged as being good or evil， right or wrong 道德上的： Commercial matters must be judged by moral as well as business standards.商业事务不仅要用商业标准衡量，还要用道德标准来判断．2［Wa5；A] based on the idea of what is right (compared with what is lawful）良心上的；道义上的；精神上的：He refused to join the army， saying that no one had a moral right to kill others. 他拒绝入伍，说任何人在道义上都无权杀人.She is awoman of great moral courage.她是一个在道德信念上无畏的女人.His judgment was based onthe law of the land and not on moral law.他的判断是基于国内法而不是道德法．3［B］apprecgood（in character，behaviour，etc）品行端正的： He didn＇t lead a very moral life.他的生活不很检点.im-［neg］：What an immoral thing to suggest！提这样的建议真是不道德！4［Wa5；A］able to understand the difference between right and wrong， good and evil 明辨是非、善恶的：Is a baby born with a moral sense？婴儿生下来就有是非观念吗？Animals are not moralbeings in the way in which humans appear to be．动物辨别是非的方式不像人类所表现的那样．5[B] teaching, showing, or intended to show that which is good or right in human behav-iour 教导良好品德的；有教育意义的；有寓意的；道n :8uisnwun isnf tou som gave a valuable moral lesson as well.这部电影不仅富有娱乐性，而且还含有宝贵的道德启示.

ethical／＇eθikəl／［B］ morally right or good 合乎道德的：I shouldn＇t do that； it isn＇t ethical.我不该那样做，那是不道德的．-ly［adv Wa4］

F66 adjectives ＆ combining forms 形容词和复合形式：relating to quality 有关质素的

high-／hai-／，top-／tpp-／very good 高级的；头等的； 上等的：This is a high-quality book.这是一··本高质量的书.They are all top-grade students.他们都是高材生.

low-／ləu-／not at all good 低级的；低等的；下等的：This is a low-quality film.这是一部质量低劣的影片.They ate in a low-class restaurant.他们在一间低级餐馆吃了饭.

-class／-kla：s／type or quality···等级的；···级别的： He only sells high-class materials in his shop. 他的商店只出售高级料子.This is a third-classfilm；it isn＇t very good.这是部三流电影，不太好.These people say that they are treated like second-class citizens [→C83] in their own country.这些人说他们在自己的国家里被当做二等公民看待.

-grade /-greid/ (esp of substances) type or quality（尤指物质）···级别的；···等级的：This is ahigh-grade coal；it＇s very good.这是优质煤；是很好的煤.He sold us some low-grade building materials.他把一些劣质建筑材料卖给我们.

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-rate ／-reit／ level or quality ···等级的：What a first-rate book that is！那真是一本上乘之作！Heis a second-rate actor，not the best.他是个二流演员，不是最好的.

F71 HAPPINESS ＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

tions.他因考试成绩不错而感到心满意足.

cheerful／＇tfrəfal／［B］ happy and bright 快乐的； 兴高采烈的：She had a cheerful smile on her face.她脸上露出欢欣的微笑.He gave me a cheer-ful wave.他高兴地向我招了招手.Try to be a bitmore cheerful；your life hasn＇t ended.尽量开心一点，你的生命并未就此完结.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

Happiness and sadness

F71 adjectives 形容词：feeling particular pleasure［B］感到某种愉快

快乐与悲伤

F70 adjectives 形容词：feeling pleasure 感到愉快

happy /'hæpi/ [Wal] 1 [B] (of people) feeling pleasure and contentment（指人）高兴的；幸福的；快乐的：I＇m so happy to be back home.我回到家里真高兴.She＇s a happy girl；she enjoys life.她是个快乐的女孩；她热爱生活.He＇shappiest when he＇s working. 当他工作时他感到最愉快．2［B］（of relationships） giving pleasure to the people concerned（指关系）幸福的：They are a happy family， and seldom quarrel.他们是幸福的一家，很少吵架．3［A］ （of events） fortu-nate（指事件）幸运的：By a happy chance I met him again yesterday．昨天我幸运地又碰见了他．4［A］ （of behaviour， thoughts，etc） suitable（指思想、行为等）恰当的；得体的：That wasn＇t a veryhappy remark． 那话说得不太恰当．5 ［F3］pleased； not finding it difficult （to）（感到）愉快的；乐意的：I＇ll be happy to meet him when I am free．我有空时会乐于和他见面．6［A］（ofwishes）joyful（用于祝愿）愉快的；快乐的：Happy New Year！ 新年快乐！A happy birthday， darling！亲爱的，祝你生日快乐！-ily［adv］

glad/glæd/ [Wal] 1 [F, F3, 5a] esp emot happy 高兴的；乐意的：I was glad to see her again.我很高兴又见到她.I＇d be glad to help him if heasked．如果他要求，我将乐于帮助他．2［A］espformerly showing happiness 兴高采烈的；高兴的： She gave a glad cry when she saw him.她见到他时高兴得叫了起来.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

pleased/pli:zd/[B] feeling or showing happi-ness or satisfaction 高兴的；欢喜的；满意的：Ialways feel pleased when I've finished a piece of work. 我每完成一件工作总感到很高兴.I＇mvery pleased you＇ve come.你来了我真高兴.She had a pleased look on her face.她脸上露出欢喜的神情.I＇m pleased with his work.我对他的工作很满意．be pleased to （do something） 1 polite to be very willing to； be glad to 乐意···； 高兴···：Thank you for your invitation， which we shall be pleased to accept.谢谢你的邀请，我们将高兴地接受．2fml（of a ruler） to decide （as a favour） to（指统治者）（作为恩惠）决定让：TheQueen is pleased to appoint our firm as per-sonal shoemakers.女王指定本公司为御用制鞋商.pleased with oneself esp ironical (too) satis-fied with what one has done 自我满足；悠然自得：He＇s feeling rather pleased with himself after his successful results in the examina-

carefree/'keəfri:/1 apprec free from anxiety; happy；without sorrow or fear 无忧无虑的；快乐的：On a day like this I feel quite carefree.在这样的日子里我感到无忧无虑.Her mind was fullof carefree thoughts．她脑里尽是快乐的想法．2deprec irresponsible 不负责任的：He＇s carefree with his money. 他花钱很随便.His carefree nature makes life difficult for his wife.他那吊儿郎当的性格使他妻子的日子很难过.

joyful／＇d3oifəl／full of joy；very happy 充满欢乐的；快乐的：She looks really joyful at being a grandmother.看来她当了祖母真是很高兴.Thisisa joyful occasion；let＇s all be happy.这是个欢乐的时刻，让我们都高高兴兴吧.-ly［adv］

merry /'meri/ [Wal] 1 happy (esp in entertain-ment）欢乐的；愉快的；兴高采烈的（尤指娱乐时）：The men were having a merry time,drinking and singing.这些人一边喝酒一边唱歌，玩得兴高采烈．2 infml rather drunk 微醉的：He was a bit merry after all that wine.他喝了那么多酒以后有点醉醺醺的.-ily［adv］-iment ［U］

gay／gei／ ［Wal］ 1 cheerful； merry； happy快乐的； 愉快的：He could hear gay， laughing voices.他可以听到快乐的笑声．2 bright and attractive，sothat one feels happy 鲜明夺目的；欢快的；使人愉快的：They sang a gay marching song.他们唱了一支欢快的进行曲.The fields were gay withflowers.田野里百花盛开，五彩缤纷.This is thegayest place in town.这是城里最令人愉快的地方.They decorated the kitchen in gay colours. 他们用鲜艳的色彩布置厨房．3 not serious；onlyconcerned with pleasure 寻欢作乐的；放荡的： She exists only for the gay life.她活着只是为了过放荡的生活．［ALSO→C34］gaily ［adv］ gaiety [U]

festive/'festiv/ merry, particularly at parties and special occasions（festivities）节日的；欢乐的：Come on， it＇s Christmas！ Join in the festive spirit！来吧，今天是圣诞节！来跟大家一道欢乐吧！the festive season Christmas and the New Year 节期；圣诞节和元旦

jolly／＇d3oli／1 ［Wal］ merry 快乐的；愉快的：He seems a very jolly old man.他看来是个非常快乐的老人.That was a jolly party；I enjoyed it.那是个欢乐的聚会；我玩得很开心．2［adv Wa5］infml esp middle class very 很；非常：What a jolly kind thing to do！能做这样的事可真好！Isay，he＇s a jolly nice chap， isn＇t he？我说，他是个大好人，是吧？

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F72 HAPPINESS＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

F72 adjectives 形容词：feeling great pleasure［B］感到很愉快

delighted／dr＇lartid／vcry pleased 高兴的；喜悦的； 快乐的：The delighted looks on the children＇s faces showed their pleasure.孩子们脸上喜悦的神色表明他们很快乐.He was delighted at thenews.听到这消息他很高兴.I shall be only toodelighted to come.我将非常乐意来.-ly［adv］

overjoyed /'əuvə'd3oid/ emot very pleased; really delighted 非常高兴的；满心喜悦的：Shewas overjoyed to see him.她看到他高兴极了.

F73 adjectives 形容词：satisfied and happy 心满意足的与快乐的

satisfied/'sætrs,faid/[B] having (got) what one needs or wants 满意的；满足（某人）需求的：Hehad a satisfied expression on his face.他脸上露出满意的神情.Most of the people were com-pletely satisfied with the result.大多数人对结果都非常满意.un-［neg］ not satisfied 不满意的dis-[neg] deprec seldom satisfied; hard to satisfy 难以满足的

content／kən＇tent／［F］ pleased and satisfied 心满意足的：She＇s very content with what she has.她对自己已有的感到心满意足.I am contentto leave the decision to you.我乐意让你来作决定.

contented/kən'tentid/[B] relaxed.happy,and satisfied 满足的；满意的：He had a contented smile on his face. 他脸上露出满足的微笑.dis-[8əu]

F74 nouns 名词：pleasure 快乐

pleasure/'ple3ə/1 [U] the state or feeling of happiness or satisfaction resulting from an experience that one likes 愉快；快乐；高兴；满足： He listened with pleasure to the beautiful music.他愉快地听着优美的音乐.It gives me nopleasure to have to tell you this.我告诉你这件事，并不感到愉快.Pleasure is the opposite of pain．快乐是痛苦的反面．2［U］the enjoyment of the body，food，comfort，etc（肉体上的）享乐； 舒适：He＇ll soon tire of this life of pleasure and start working again.他很快就会厌倦这种享乐的生活而重新开始工作的.She lives only forpleasure．她活着就是为了享乐．3［C］a cause ofhappiness，enjoyment， or satisfaction 令人愉快、满意的事；乐事；乐趣：It＇s been a pleasure totalk to you.和你谈话很愉快.His work was hisonly pleasure.工作就是他唯一的乐趣.Somepeople have few pleasures in life.有些人的生活没有什么乐趣．4［the S］ polite enjoyment gained by doing or having (something or some activity）（做某些事物／活动而感到的）乐趣；乐事：May I have the pleasure of the next dance？能赏光跟我跳下一个舞吗？May we have thepleasure of your company at dinner？可否赏脸

光临我们的晚宴？5［S］ polite something that is not inconvenient and that one is pleased to do 方便而乐意做的事：Thank you for helping me-Not at all.My pleasure／It was a pleasure.谢谢你帮了我的忙.--不用客气，我很乐意帮忙.take(great,no etc) pleasure in often fml to get enjoyment or satisfaction (of a stated kind) from 以···为（很大）乐事／（不）以···为乐：Shetakes pleasure in helping others.她以助人为乐. I take little pleasure in such things.我不喜欢这类事.They took no pleasure in doing it.他们不乐意做那件事.

happiness/'hæpinis/ [U] the state of being happy 幸福；快乐；高兴：I am concerned for her happiness；I want her to be happy.我关心她的幸福；我希望她愉快.

joy／d3oi／1［U］ great happiness 欢乐；高兴：Her face showed her joy. 她脸上流露出欢乐的情绪.He was filled with joy when he heard the good news．他听到这个好消息时高兴极了．2［U］some-thing that shows joy 欢乐的表情：I saw joy in her face．我从她脸上看到了欢乐的神情．3［C］aperson or thing that causes joy 乐趣；使人欢乐的人或事：These are just the joys and sorows of life.这些不过是人生的悲欢而已.My childrenare a great joy to me.我的孩子是我一大欢乐.for joy because of（feeling）joy 由于高兴：She jumped for joy when the news came.那消息传来时，她高兴得跳了起来.

joyfulness/'d3oifəlnis/ [U] the state of being joyful喜悦；高兴；快乐

delight/d'lait/ 1 [U] great pleasure or satis-faction；joy 快乐；满意；高兴：I read his book with real delight．我极感兴趣地读了他的书．2［C］someone or something that gives great pleasure 使人高兴的人（或事物）；乐事；乐趣；乐处：Your new daughteribook is a real delight.你的新生女儿／新书真惹人喜爱.She was enjoying thedelights of London＇s night life.她正享受着伦敦夜生活的种种乐趣.take delight in to get greatpleasure from (something), often while annoying others 以···为乐（通常却同时使他人烦恼）：He takes （great） delight in singing when I want to read quietly.我想安静地看书时，他偏唱歌寻乐.

cheer ／tfrə／ ［U］ esp old use ＆ lit happiness 高兴； 喜悦：Be of good cheer，friends.尽情玩吧，朋友们！

treat /tri:t/ [C usu sing] 1 something unusual which gives pleasure 难得的乐事：The visit to the country was a real tret for the children. 到乡间去对孩子们来说真是件难得的乐事．2 an actof buying something for someone else to enjoy 款待；请客：It＇s my treat；what would you like？我请客；你想吃些什么？

kick/kik/ [C] 1 infml a strong feeling of pleasure 强烈的兴奋感；狂热；刺激：He gets a（real） kick out of playing that game.玩那种游戏他感到极其刺激.She does it for kicks.她那样做是为了追求刺激．2 a strong effect 刺激性；力量：That drink has a real kick （in it）.那种酒很刺激.

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F75 nouns 名词： satisfaction and

wellbeing 满意与幸福

satisfaction / sætis'fækfən/ 1 [U] the state of being satisfied 满意：His satisfaction at／with the result was obvious.他对结果感到满意是显而易见的．dis-［neg］ 2［C］ something which satisfies 快事；乐事：Living here is one of the great satisfactions of her life.住在这里是她生命中的一大快事.

content/'kpntent/ [U] the state of being con-tent 满足；满意：They live here in peace and content.他们宁静而心满意足地住在这里.dis-[neg]

contentment /kən'tentmənt/ [U] the state of being contented 满足；满意：His contentment with life was very obvious.他对生活感到满足是显而易见的.dis-［neg］

enjoyment /mn'd3omənt/ 1 [U] the state of enjoying 享受；享乐：His enjoyment of the party was clear to everybody.每个人都知道他在聚会上玩得很开心．2［U］ pleasure from enjoying something 愉快；快乐：This good wine should add to your enjoyment（of the meal）.这种好酒可以给你（这顿饭）增添欢乐．3［C］ somethingone enjoys 乐事；乐趣： Playing golf is one of his few enjoyments in life.打高尔夫球是他生活中少数乐趣之一.

wellbeing/'wel'bi:/ [U] personal and bodily （happiness and） comfort， esp good health 幸福；舒适；健康：His walk in the sunshine gave him a sense of general wellbeing.在阳光下散步使他感到极舒适幸福.The nurses are concernedwith the wellbeing of all the children in their care.护士们关心她们所照料的所有孩子的健康.[ALSO■B112]

appeasement /ə'pi:zmənt/ [U] 1 the act of appeasing［→F76］平息；抚慰；充（饥）；解（渴）2 the esp political idea that peace,satisfaction, etc can be obtained by giving an enemy what he or she demands（政治上的）姑息；绥靖

F76 verbs，etc 动词等：relating to

pleasure 有关快乐的

enjoy/In'd3oi/1 [T1, 4] to get happiness from （things or experiences）享受；欣赏；喜爱：She enjoyed her dinner.她这顿饭吃得很满意.Ienjoyed listening to the music．我爱听这音乐．2 ［T1］ to have or use （something good）享有：He has always enjoyed (= had) very good health. 他的身体一向很好.enjoy oneself to be happy；experience pleasure 玩得／过得快活：Did you enjoy yourself at the party？你在晚会上玩得开心吗？He enjoyed himself dancing.他跳舞跳得很开心.

please /pli:z/ 1 [T1;IØ] to make (someone) happy；to give satisfaction（to）使高兴；使喜欢； 使满意：He＇s very hard／easy to please.使他感到满意很难／很容易.The girl in the shop was eagerto please （everybody）.那位女店员竭力讨好每一

F77 HAPPINESS ＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

个顾客.He bought it to please his wife.他买那件东西是为了逗妻子高兴.We＇re very pleasedwith our new car．我们对自己的新车很满意．2［interj］ （used in asking politely for things）（用于客气的请求）请；对不起：Could I come，please？我可以来吗？（emph）Please could I come？让我来行吗？（more emph） Could I please come？请让我来吧，好吗？

gladden /'glædn/ [T1] esp formerly to make glad 使高兴；使快乐：The news gladdened their hearts.这消息使他们很开心.

delight /dr'lait/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) feel great satisfaction，enjoyment，or joy 使高兴；使满意； 感到高兴；感到愉快：This book is certain todelight（everyone）.这本书肯定能使大家开心.Hedelighted the audience with his performance. 他以自己的表演取悦观众.That girl delights me，＇he said.他说：“那个女孩子使我很开心.”delightin [v prep T1, 4] to take great pleasure in, often while annoying others 以···为乐（通常却同时使他人烦恼）：He delights in this kind ofwork.他喜欢干这种工作.These people seem to delight in being nasty.这些人似乎以作恶为乐.

cheer /tfiə/ [TI] fml & sometimes pomp to make （someone） happy 使喜悦；使高兴：Your visit has cheered us all.你的来访使我们大家都很高兴.We are all cheered to learn that his work was a success.听说他的工作取得成功，我们都很高兴.

cheer up [v adv T1; IØ] infml to become or make cheerful（使）振作；（使）高兴：Come on，cheer up！-Life hasn＇t ended.好了，振作起来吧！-生命可没有完结.He＇s very unhappy；try to cheer himup.他心情很坏；要设法让他振作起来.

satisfy /'sætis,faı/ [Wv4; T1] to supply a need or desire of （someone） 使满足；使满意：Did the service in the shop satisfy you？这家商店的服务使你满意吗？Were you satisfied with the service？你对服务满意吗？That was a very sat-isfying meal.这顿饭真令人惬意.

appease /ə'pi:z/ [T1 usu pass] to satisfy or make (someone) calm by meeting demands or by giving or doing something 安抚；使满足；充（饥）；解（渴）：The angry man wasn＇t appeased when they said they were sorry.虽然他们道了歉， 但那个生气的人仍没有息怒.His hunger was ap-peased by a large meal.他大吃一顿以充饥.

F77 verbs 动词：showing pleasure 表示快

乐

rejoice /r'd3os/ {I0 (at, over),3,5] fml & lit to feel or show great joy.欣喜； 高兴： She rejoiced at／over our good news.她为我们的好消息而高兴万分.I rejoice （to hear） that you are coming home.（听到）你要回家，我真高兴.Rejoice withme; for I have found my sheep which was lost＇（the Bible）.“我失去的羊已经找着了，你们和我一同欢喜吧.”《圣经》rejoice someone＇s heart/the heart of semeone to make some-one feel glad 使（某人）极为高兴：The victory rejoiced the heart of the whole nation.胜利使全国上下欣喜若狂.

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F78 HAPPINESS ＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

give thanks [IØ (to, for)] to express one's thanks，usu to God 感谢；感恩（尤指对上帝）：Friends, let us give thanks (to God) for what happened.朋友们，让我们为所发生的事感谢上帝吧！thanksgiving 1［C；U］ an expression of thanks，esp to God（尤指对上帝）感恩的表示；感恩祈祷2also 又作 Thanksgiving Day［R cap］ an official day in the year for thanksgiving, usu the fourth Thursday in November in the US（美国的）感恩节

thank /θænk/ 1 [T1 (for)] to express one's gratefulness to (someone); give thanks to （someone）感谢；向···表示谢意：The old lady thanked me for helping her across the road. 老太太感谢我扶她过马路.Did you thank MrsBrown for your present？布朗太太送你礼物，你谢过她没有？2［X9，esp for； V3］（used when requesting something forcefully or widely) to be pleased with （someone） for something 感谢；请（用于强烈要求或对众人要求某事物时）：I＇llthank you for that book.请求你给我那本书.P＇ll thank you to be quiet while I＇m speaking.我讲话时请你们保持安静.have （oneself） to thankironical to be responsible for something （oneself）怪自己；咎由自取：You＇ve only got yourself to thank for the accident.出了那事故只能怪你自己.John＇s got himself to thank for being late so let＇s go without him.约翰只能怪自己迟到了；我们走吧，不等他了.have（some-one) to thank to place blame or responsibility rightly on （someone） 责怪（某人）；由···负责： You've got John to thank for your cold. He caught it first and passed it on to everyone.你患感冒要怪约翰，他第一个得病，然后传染给大家.thank God/goodness/heaven (an expression of great thankfulness）（表示深切的感谢）：Your son＇s alive.-Thank God！你的儿子没有死.-感谢上帝！

F78 adjectives 形容词：grateful and relieved 感激的与宽慰的

grateful/'grertfal/ [B (for)] feeling or showing thanks to another person 感激的；感谢的：He gave a grateful smile.他感激地笑了.I＇m really grateful to you for your help.我非常感谢您给我的帮助.-ly［adv］-ness ［U］

thankful /'θænkfəl/ [B (for)] very glad and grateful， esp to God or the gods，etc 感谢的；感激的（尤指对上帝或神明）：I＇m thankful he＇s safeafter that terrible accident.他经这次可怕的事故而能安全无恙，我要感谢上苍.Doctor，we＇rethankful you came when you did.医生，你能及时来我们实在感激.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

relieved /rr'li:vd/ [F] (of a person) given relief （指人）得到宽慰的；放心的：Your mother will bevery relieved （to hear） that you are safe.你母亲听说你没事，一定会感到很宽慰的.

beholden/br'həuldn/ [F (to)] often fml &lit, esp formerly owing thanks 铭感的；感激的；欠人情的：She has no wish to be beholden to him for anything.她不愿欠他任何人情.Thank you；I

am greatly beholden to you for your help.谢谢你；我十分感谢你的帮助.

F79 nouns 名词：gratitude and relief 感激与宽慰

gratitude /'grætə,tju:d/[U] the state or feeling of being grateful; kind feeling towards some-one who has been kind 感激；感谢；感恩：She showed her gratitude (to us) by inviting us to dinner.她请我们吃饭以表示（对我们的）谢意.

thanks/θænks/[P] words expressing gratitude 谢辞；感恩的话：Kneel down and give thanks to God.跪下来向上帝感恩.Thanks should also be given to Mrs Brown for her kind help.布朗太太热心帮忙，也应该向她致谢.She returned theborrowed book with thanks.她归还所借的书并表示了谢意.thanks to because of 多亏；由于：Thanks to her hard work we collected £100 towards the cost of repairing the church roof. 多亏她的努力，我们募集了一百英镑用来修葺教堂的屋顶.It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game！就因为你笨，我们才输了这场比赛！

relief /rr'li:f/1 [S; U] (a) feeling of comfort at the end of anxiety，fear，or pain（忧虑、恐惧、痛苦等的）缓解；宽慰；减轻；解除：The medicinewill give／bring some／a little relief.这药能减轻一些痛苦.It is a drug for the relief of pain.这是一种止痛药.It was a great relief to me when I heard he was safe.我听说他平安无事，才大大松了一口气．2［U］help for people in trouble 救济； 救济品：We sent relief（＝food，clothes，etc） to the people who lost their homes in the flood. 我们给在水灾中失去家园的灾民送去救济品.

F80 adjectives 形容词：feeling little or no pleasure 很少或不感到快乐

unhappy /An'hæpi/ [Wal; B] not happy or satis-fied 不高兴的；不快乐的；不满意的：His planmade her very unhappy.他的计划使她非常不高兴. I＇m unhappy about the new house； it isn＇t what I expected.我不喜欢这座新房子；这不是我想象中的房子.-ily［adv］-iness ［U］

sad／sæd／［Wal；B］1 not happy 伤心的；难过的； 忧愁的：His death has made us all very sad.他的逝世使我们大家很伤心.It＇s sad to think hewon＇t be working here any more.想到他将不在这里工作，（我）就很难过．2 causing unhappinessor sorrow 令人悲哀的；令人悲痛的：We heard thesad news of your father＇s death.我们听到了你父亲去世的悲痛消息.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

poor／puə／［Wa5； A］ unlucky（and unhappy）可怜的；不幸的：Poor John，life isn＇t easy for him. 可怜的约翰，生活对他来说真艰难.

miserable ／＇mızərəbəl／ ［B］ 1 very unhappy 悲惨的；痛苦的；可怜的；愁苦的：She＇s miserablebecause he left without saying goodbye.他不辞而别，使她十分痛苦．2 infml very unsatisfactory 糟糕的；令人极不满意的：What miserable

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weather today！今天天气糟透了！He paid her a miserable weekly wage.他付给她的周薪少得可怜.-bly［adv］

wretched／＇retfid／1［B］very miserable 十分悲惨的；十分可怜的；不幸的：Can＇t we help thewretched woman in some way？我们难道不能给那个不幸的女人一点帮助吗？2［A］deprec dis-liked and annoying 讨厌的；恼人的：Please tell that wretched man to go and bother someone else！请叫那个讨厌的家伙走开，找别人去吧！3［A］miserable，esp in living conditions（尤指居住条件）悲惨的；恶劣的：They live in a wretched little house with no electricity or running water.他们住在一间条件恶劣的小屋子里，没有电也没有自来水.

pitiable／＇pitiəbal／［B］1 worthy of pity 值得怜悯的；令人同情的：The wounded soldiers were lying on the ground in a pitiable condition. 伤兵们躺在地上，景况可怜．2 derog worthless 不足道的；无价值的：As an actress she＇s pitiable；it was a pitiable performance.作为一个演员她是够可怜的；她的表演毫无可取之处.-bly［adv］

pitiful ／＇pitıfəl／［B］1 causing or deserving pity 令人怜悯的；可怜的：She made a pitiful attempt to get out of bed but she was too weak and sick to do so.她苦苦挣扎着要起床，但她实在太虚弱了，怎么也起不来．2 deprec not good or deserving respect 不好的；不足道的：She cooked the food too long and the dinner was pitiful.她把食物煮得太久，这顿饭做得很差劲.-ly［adv］

sorry／＇spri／［Wal：A］emot pitiful 令人怜悯的；可怜的：The wet campers were a sorry sight.这些浑身湿透的露营者样子真可怜.She＇s in a sorrystate now; no money and no one to help her. 她目前的处境真可怜，既没钱又无人接济.

touching／＇tAtfig／［B］ affecting the emotions 动人的；使人感伤的：That was a very touchingstory he told about the boy who loved his dog. 他讲的那个爱狗的男孩子的故事很动人.-ly［adv］[ALSO→F4 MOVING]

pathetic/pə'θetik/[B]1 (making one feel) very sad（令人感到）悲哀的；动人的；悲惨的：What apathetic story！多么悲惨的故事！She had a pathetic look on her face; she looked really pathetic.她脸上有一··种令人怜悯的表情；她看上去实在叫人同情．2 deprec worthless；hopelessly unsuccessful 可怜的；不足取的；无用的；没有成功希望的：What a pathetic little person you are！ 你真是个没用的可怜虫！She made patheticattempts to learn French.她拼命学法语，但毫无成功希望．-ally［adv Wa4］

F81 adjectives 形容词：feeling

depression and discontent 感到沮丧与不满足

depressed／dr＇prest／ ［B］ sad； low in spirits 沮丧的；抑郁的；（意志）消沉的：I feel really depressed today，nothing went right.今天我真倒霉，什么都不顺利.

fed up [F] infml depressed (and feeling unable to do what one wants to do） 厌烦的；厌倦的：

F82 HAPPINESS ＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

I＇m fed up with this job！这工作我讨厌透了！She went home looking pretty fed up.她带着厌烦的神情回家去了.

bored/bo:d/[F] not interested in anything and therefore not happy 无聊的；厌烦的：He was bored in London; he had no friends and no money and couldn＇t find anything to do.他在伦敦感到无聊，又没有朋友又没有钱，也找不到任何事情做.

discontented /,diskən'tentid/ [B](typical of a person） dissatisfied and restlessly unhappy 不满的：She has a discontented look， as if she never enjoys life.她一脸不满的神情，像是从未享受过人生.He＇s very discontented with his wages.他对自己的工资很不满意.-ly［adv］

low /ləu/ [Wal; F] infml depressed; fed up,etc 没精打采的；情绪低落的；消沉的：I＇m feeling a bitlow today because she＇s gone.我今天情绪不太好，因为她走了.

browned off [B] BrE infml fed up and dissatis-fied 厌烦的；不满的；感到厌恶的

blue /blu:/ [Wal; F] infml (of people) sad and without （much） hope（指人）沮丧的；忧郁的： I＇m feeling rather blue today.我今天感到闷闷不乐.

bleak /bli:k/ [Wal; B] (of conditions) sad and without （much） hope（指情况）惨淡的；暗淡的；无望的：His future looks bleak.他的前途看来很暗淡.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

F82 nouns 名词：relating to little or no pleasure 有关不愉快或毫无乐趣

misery ／＇mizəri／1 ［U］ great unhappiness 不幸； 苦难；悲惨；痛苦：Life was pure misery last month; the children were ill and I had almost no money.上个月的生活可真惨，孩子们生病，钱又几乎花光了．2［C］something or someone caus-ing this 令人痛苦的事或人：Colds and coughsare among the miseries of a British winter.伤风咳嗽是英国冬天叫人受罪的事情之一.Oh，don＇tbe such a misery！嘿！别老是愁眉苦脸的.

depression/di'prefən/ [U;C] a feeling of sad-ness and hopelessness 沮丧；忧郁；意志消沉：His depression came to an end when she kissed him.在她吻了他之后，他的沮丧便烟消云散了.Sheoften has depressions.她经常情绪低落.

pity /'piti/1 [U] sensitiveness to and sorrow for the suffering or unhappiness of others 怜悯；同情：I felt no pity for him； he was a murderer. 我不同情他，他是个杀人犯.Don＇t help me out ofpity，please；help me because you want to.请不要出于怜悯才帮我；要真心愿意帮才好帮．2［S］asad, unfortunate, or inconvenient state of affairs 可惜的事；憾事：It＇s a pity it＇s too cold to go swimming today.可惜今天太冷，不能去游泳.What a pity you won't be back before I leave! 我走之前你回不来，真遗憾！Usually we wouldn＇tmind her staying away, but the pity of it is that there were some good friends of hers here.平常她不回来我们并不介意，但今晚有她几位好朋友在这里，她却不在，未免遗憾.for pity＇s

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sake emph please 请帮忙：For pity＇s sake，help me！求求你，帮帮我吧！

sin／sin／also 又作 shame／feim／［S］infml pity 遗憾的事：It＇s a sin／shame that he has to leave so soon！他这么快就得走，真遗憾.

sorrow／＇sprəu／1 ［U］ sadness 悲痛；悲哀；悲伤： His death caused us great sorrow.他的去世使我们极为悲痛．2［C］something causing sadness 悲痛的原因；伤心事：His death was a sorrow tous all.他的死对我们大家来说都是件悲痛的事.Losing her jobis just one of the many sorrows in her life.失业只不过是她生活中许多伤心事之一.

grief/gri:f/1 [U] great sorrow or feelings of suffering, esp at the death of a loved person 悲痛；悲伤（尤指因所爱的人去世）：She wentnearly mad with grief after the child died.孩子死后她悲伤得几乎发疯了.The dog died of griefwhen its master did not return.那狗因为主人没回来而伤心得死去了．2［C］a cause of sorrow oranxiety 悲痛的原因；忧虑的缘由；不幸的事；伤心事：His wild behaviour was a grief to his mother. 他的放荡行为使他母亲很伤心.

pathos/'perθps/ [U] the quality in something, esp a story, that makes one feel sad, full of pity，etc（尤指故事等的）哀婉；凄楚；悲怆：Therewas great pathos in the story.这个故事很悲惨.

F83 nouns 名词：sadness about

something that has happened 对所发生的事情感到的悲伤

regret/rr'gret/ [U (at)] unhappiness at the loss of something, or because something has or has not happened 懊悔；惋惜；遗憾：They said goodbye with great regret.他们依依不舍地道别.We heard with regret that you had failed the examination.我们听说你考试不及格，感到很惋惜.He felt regret at her absence.他对她的缺席感到遗憾.（much／greatly） to one＇s regret one is sorry to say（很）抱歉地；（很）遗憾的是：Much tomy regret，I must leave you now.我很抱歉现在就得离开你.

remorse/rI'mo:s/[U (for)] sorrow for having done wrong 懊悔；悔恨；自责：He felt／He was filled with remorse for his evil deed.他对自己所做的坏事感到懊悔.without remorse withoutmercy or sorrow 毫不留情地；毫无遗憾地

F84 verbs 动词：pitying and mourning 怜悯与悼念

[ALSO→C55]

pity／＇piti／［T1］1 to feel pity for 怜悯；可怜；同情： Everyone who has heard about his troubles pities him.凡是听到他那不幸遭遇的人都很同情他.2 deprec to consider to be pitiable; have a low opinion of 觉得可怜又可鄙：I pity you if youcan＇t do something like this.如果连这种事你都干不了，我真为你感到可怜.

grieve/gri:v/1[IØ]to suffer from grief [→F82}

and sadness，esp over a loss 悲痛；伤心；感到悲伤（尤指因失去）：She is still grieving for her dead husband．她仍然为故世的丈夫感到悲痛．2[T1] to cause grief to; to make very unhappy 使悲痛；使伤心：It grieves me to see him so ill. 看到他病成这个样子，我很难过.The loss of ourchairman has grieved all the members of the committee.我们主席的逝世使委员会所有成员都很悲痛.

sadden／＇sædņ／［T1］ to make sad 使悲哀；使悲痛； 使难过：The terrible story of how they lost their house saddened him.听了他们失去房子的悲惨经过，他很难过.

depress /dr'pres/ [Wv4, 5; T1] to sadden or discourage 使沮丧；使忧郁；使消沉：The badnews depressed her spirits.坏消息使她精神沮丧. I feel really depressed！我感到闷闷不乐！What depressing news！ 多么令人沮丧的消息！-ingly[adv]

mourn/mo:n/1[I0] to feel sadness or grief, esp for the death of someone；be sorrowful（尤指因某人去世而）哀痛；哀悼：The old woman stillmourns her lost son who died in the war 30 years ago.这老妇人仍在为三十年前在战争中死去的儿子哀伤．2［T1］ to grieve for （the death， loss，etc of someone）（为某人去世、失去某人而）哀伤：The whole nation mourned the death of the president.举国上下哀悼总统的逝世.inmourning 1 dressed (completely) in mourn-ing［■C55］服丧；戴孝 2 showing or feeling． （strong or deep） mourning 哀痛；哀悼

sorrow /'sprəu/ [Wv4; IØ (over,at,for)] esp lit to feel or express sorrow；grieve 感到悲伤；表示伤感；伤心；悲苦：a sorrowing heart一颗悲伤的心；the sorrowing relatives 悲痛的亲属

F85 verbs 动词：regretting and deploring 懊悔与痛心

regret/r'gret/[T1, 4, 5a] to feel regret [→F83] for 懊悔；后悔；遗憾：She regrets what happened／ that she did not come.她为发生的事情／她没有来而感到遗憾.He never regretted doing it.他从没有后悔做了这件事.Try not to regret it toomuch.尽量别太懊悔吧！

be/feel sorry [IØ (about,for);T5a] to regret, esp wishing that it was possible to do or to have done something different（尤指因希望能够做某事或已做了不同的事而）懊悔；抱歉；感到遗憾：Can you come？-No，I＇m sorry I can＇t.你能来吗？-对不起，我来不了.I＇m sorry that Ican＇t come.很抱歉，我不能来.I＇m really sorry about this； it shouldn＇t have happened.对这件事我实在抱歉；这事是不应该发生的.I feel reallysorry about this；I wish it hadn＇t happened.对此我实在感到遗憾；我真希望它不曾发生过.He feltsorry for her because she had had such a sad life.他为她感到难过，因为她有过这样一段悲惨的生活.

deplore /dr'plo:/[T1] to be very sorry about （and consider wrong） 惋惜；悔恨；感到痛心：One must deplore such（bad）behaviour.大家应对

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这样（恶劣）的行为表示痛心.The closing of thispost office will be deplored; many people use it.关闭这个邮局令人惋惜；许多人都使用这个邮局.

rue／ru：／［T1］ esp poet ＆ emot to be sorry for 懊悔；悔恨；后悔：＇He＇ll rue the day he came here！＇ she said angrily.“他会后悔自己到过这里！”她生气地说.

F86 adjectives 形容词：showing

unhappiness［B］表示不快的

sorrowfl /'sprəufəl/ causing or full of sorrow ［F82］使人伤心的；悲伤的；悲痛的；悲哀的：Theold man's funeral was a sorrowful event; everyone had really loved him.老人的葬礼是件悲痛的事；大家曾经真心爱戴他.-ly［adv］

mournful /'mo:nfəl/ sad, as if mourning[→F84] 悲伤的；伤心的；哀痛的：You look pretty mourn-ful-what＇s wrong？你看上去很伤心-出什么事了？-ly［adv］

regretful／ri＇gretfəl／feeling regret［→F83］感到懊悔的；感到遗憾的；后悔的：He was sorry toleave， when he saw theirregretful faces.看到他们依依不舍的面容时，他也舍不得离去.Don＇tfeel regretful；you were not to blame.不要懊悔； 不是你的错.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

rueful/'ru:fal/[B] showing that one is sorry about something 悔恨的；懊悔的；沮丧的：Hehad a rueful look on his face.他一脸懊悔的神色.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

remorseful/rr'mo:sfəl/ feeling remorse [■F83] 懊悔的；悔恨的：He looked very remorseful when he learned what he had done, and said he was sorry.当他知道自己干了什么时，即感到很懊悔，并表示了歉意.-ly［adv］-ness［U］

heartbroken ／＇ha：t，brəukən／ also 又作 broken-hearted/'brəukən'ha:tid/ emot (of a person) full of sorrow 伤心欲绝的；心碎的：She was heart-broken when he left her.他离开她时她心都碎了.Her death left him brokenhearted.她的死使他伤心欲绝.

grief-stricken /'gri:f,strikən/ emot grieving [→F84］ greatly 极为悲痛的；极度悲伤的：His familywere grief-stricken at his death.他的家人对他的死极为悲痛.

F87 verbs 动词：caring and worrying ［iø （about）］关心与担心

care／keə／ ［also 又作 T6a］ to be strongly in-terested （in）and anxious（about）关心；关怀： She really cares what happens to you. 她确实关心你的情况.Don＇t you care any more（about what happens）？你难道不再在乎（要发生什么事）了？

be concerned to care or be anxious 关切；担心； 忧虑：I＇m rather concerned about his future.我很关心他的前途.

worry/'wari/ to be anxious, esp over a period of time 烦恼；担心；发愁：Worrying about your

F88 HAPPINESS ＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

health can make you ill.总是为身体发愁会使你生病的.Don＇t worry；he＇ll come home soon.别担心，他很快会回家的.

F88 verbs 动词：upsetting and agitating ［T1］令人心烦与焦虑

upset ／Ap＇set／ ［Wv4］ to make unhappy 使心烦意乱；使不快；使不安：She upset him by what shesaid.她的话使他心烦意乱.This news is very up-setting； I feel really upset about it.这消息真使人不快；我为此真不高兴.Don＇t upset yourself；these problems aren＇t really serious.不要烦恼； 这些问题并非那么严重.

worry/wari/1[Wv4] to make anxious or un-comfortable 使担心；使忧虑；使不适：Her latehours (= coming home late) worry her mother. 她的迟归使她母亲很担心.The bad smell doesn＇tworry him at all.他一点儿也不在意那难闻的气味．2 （esp of a dog） to chase and bite （an animal）（尤指狗）追咬（动物）：The dog was worrying the sheep.狗在追咬羊.worry at［v prep] to keep trying to overcome or persuade 一直试图克服或说服：He was worrying at theproblem all night.他整夜都在思量这个问题.

disturb /dr'st3:b/ [Wv4; often pass] often fml to cause (a person) to become anxious; to upset 打扰；扰乱；使不安；使烦恼：His ideas disturbedher very much.他的想法使她很不安.I was dis-turbed to hear that you are thinking of leaving your job.听说你在考虑离职，我感到不安.Thisnews is disturbing.这消息令人不安.-ingly［adv］ dismay /drs'meI/ to make (someone) worried; to fill with dismay［＞F90］使惊慌；使沮丧；使失望；使绝望；使气馁：Don＇t let this accident dis-may you.不要为这个事故而惊慌.

distress/dr'stres/ [Wv4] to make (someone) unhappy and worried; to cause distress [→F90］ to 使苦恼；使悲痛：Your dishonest actions have distressed us greatly.你不诚实的行为使我们非常痛心.It distresses me that she has left home like this.她那样离家出走使我很难受.-ingly [adv]

agitate /'æd3ə,teit/ to cause anxiety to; trouble or worry, esp so as to cause some bodily sign of this 使不安；使焦虑（尤指在行为举止中流露）：Ihope the bad news will not agitate him too much.我希望这个坏消息不会使他过分不安.Thenews agitated him; he kept walking up and down.这消息使他不安；他不停地踱来踱去.

disquiet /dıs'kwarət/ [Wv4] usu fml to make anxious 使不安；使忧虑；使烦恼：The bad newsdisquieted us.这个坏消息使我们很不安.

confuse/kən'fju:z/1 [Wv4] to cause (someone) to be uncertain， unable to think clearly，etc 使混乱；把···弄糊涂：All the people talking at the same time confused the child.所有的人同时说话，把孩子弄糊涂了．2［（with）］to fail to tell the difference between 分不清；混淆：I＇m sorry；I confused you with another person.对不起，我把你和另一个人弄混淆了．confusion［U］ 1 theact of confusing（def 1）混乱；弄糊涂2 con-

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fused conditions 混乱状态：In the confusion I lost her.我在混乱中把她丢失了.

confound/kən'faund/1 to cause great surprise or confusion to； disturb greatly 使惊讶；使混乱； 使糊涂；使疑惑：His new ideas completely con-founded them．他的新想法叫他们大惑不解．2emot （as a way of showing anger，etc）（表示愤怒等）讨厌；该死：Confound it， why did she do that？该死的，她为什么那样做？Confound you，you are wasting my time！该死的，你在浪费我的时间！confounded ［Wa5；A］ not fml very annoying 讨厌之极的；该死的：Tell that con-founded man to go away and mind his own confounded business！叫那该死的人滚开，管他自已该死的事去吧！

F89 verbs 动词：causing to be upset 使烦恼不安

bother/'bpðə/1 [T1] to cause to be nervous; annoy or trouble，esp in small ways 使烦恼；打扰：I＇m busy；don＇t bother me just now.我正忙着；现在别打扰我.His phoning me all the timebothers me a lot.他老是给我打电话，使我很厌烦.2 [T1] (in polite expressions) to cause incon-venience to（礼貌用语）打扰：I＇m sorry to bother you，but can you tell me the time？对不起打扰你了，请问现在几点？3［IØ，3］to cause in-convenience to oneself；trouble oneself 麻烦； （为···而）操心：Shall I go？-Oh，don＇t bother （to（do it））.要不要我去？-噢，别麻烦了.Don＇tbother about（helping）him.不必为他（为帮他忙而）费心了.bother oneself abeut，be bothered with/to to trouble oneself because of/to do 为···操心；费心：Don＇t bother yourself about me；I＇m doing quite well.不要为我操心；我很好.I can't be bothered with him; he can't be bothered to say hello！我才不会为他操心；他连打声招呼都不肯！

trouble /'trabəl/ [Wv3] 1 [T1] to cause worry, dis-comfort，etc to （someone）使烦恼；使苦恼；使忧虑：What＇s troubling you-money problems？ 什么事让你心烦-是钱的问题吗？I＇m rathertroubled by the way he is behaving.我为他的所作所为而感到很伤脑筋.Her teeth are troublingher；she has toothache.她的牙使她很苦恼；她牙痛．2［T1］ to cause inconvenience to；bother 麻烦：Please don＇t trouble yourself； I＇ll do it for you.请不要麻烦了；我替你做这件事吧！（polite）Could I trouble you a moment, please?I need your advice.可以打扰你一会儿吗？我要听听你的意见．3［IØ，3］ to take trouble； make an effort 麻烦；费力：Why did she trouble （to do it） when I could have done it for her easily？她何必费力去做那件事？我本来轻而易举就可替她办好的.

F90 nouns 名词：anxiety，worry，and dismay 焦虑、担心与灰心

[ALSO→F120]

anxiety/æn'zarəti/1 {U] fear,esp as caused by

uncertainty about something 忧虑；担心；焦急： Not knowing whether or not she would die caused us great anxiety.我们不知道她会不会死，所以万分忧虑．2［C］an example of this 忧虑的事：After listening to his advice she had no more anxieties.听了他的劝告后，她不再感到焦虑了．3 ［U， U3； C，C3］ infml a strong wish to do something；eagerness 渴望； 热望：The child has a great anxiety to please you.这孩子很想使你高兴.

worry／＇wari／1 ［U］ the feeling of anxiety 担心； 忧虑：Worry can make you ill.忧虑会使你生病.2 [C] a person or thing that makes one worried 令人担心的人或事：It＇s a worry to mehaving to leave the children alone in the house.要把孩子们单独留在家里真让我放心不下.Money is only one of our worries(=there are others）.钱只是我们烦恼的事情之一.

concern／kən＇s3：n／［U］ 1 care；anxiety 关心；关怀；挂念；忧虑：He felt real concern for the chil-dren＇s safety.他确实关心孩子们的安全.It is myconcern forlabout your future that makes me ask all these questions.我出于对你前途的关心才问这些问题．2 special interest or problem 关系； 问题；所关心的事：That child＇s health is no concern of mine.那个孩子的健康不关我的事.This is our concern，not theirs.这是我们的事， 不是他们的事.What concern is it of yours what happens to her？她怎么样与你有什么关系？［ALSO→F25]

distress /dr'stres/ 1 [S] something that causes suffering of the mind 引起痛苦或悲痛的事：Thegirl's leaving home was a great distress to her family．这女孩离家出走使她家人极为悲痛．2［U］the state of suffering caused by lack of money or of the necessary things of life 贫困；匮乏： Someone must help these poor people in teir （great）distress.必须有人帮助这些处于困境的穷人．3 ［U］ a state of danger or great difficulty 危难；困境：If the storm continues on the mountain, the climbers will be in distress by morning.如果山上的暴风雨继续下去的话，爬山者明早就会有危险.The sailors sent out a distress signal．水手们发出遇难信号．4［U］great suffer-ing of the mind or body; pain or great discomfort 悲痛；悲伤；（精神上或肉体上的）痛苦；不适

anguish/'ængwif/ [U] very great worry,suffer-ing，and pain， esp of the mind（尤指心灵上）极大的痛苦；悲痛：She was in anguish over her missing child.孩子失踪使她心里极为痛苦.

agitation / æd3ə'terfən/ [U] the condition of being＿agitated［→F92］烦乱；焦虑；不安：Her agitation increased as the hours passed and there was no news of her child.随着时间一小时一小时地过去，她越来越焦急，因为她的孩子始终没有消息.

dismay/dis'mei/ [U] a strong feeling of unhap-piness，fear，and hopelessness 沮丧；惊慌；丧胆； 失望；绝望；气馁：They listened in／with dismay to the news.他们惊恐地听着这消息.The newsfilled／struck them with dismay.这消息使他们内心充满惊慌.To my dismay I found I had lost my money.使我惊慌的是，我发现钱丢了.

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F91 nouns 名词：troubles and upsets 麻烦与烦乱

trouble/'trabəl/ 1 [C; U] difficulty, worry, or discomfort 困难；烦恼；苦恼；麻烦：His son is agreat trouble to him, always getting into trouble with the police.他的儿子总是给警察找麻烦，使他伤透脑筋.Was it difficult to get that job？-No，no trouble at all.得到那份工作困难吗？----不，一点也不难.Her teeth are giving her trouble again； she needs to see a dentist.她的牙又使她苦恼了；她得去看牙医.They have had alot of money troubles lately.最近他们经济上有不少困难．2［C；U］special care 烦劳；麻烦；辛劳；辛苦：She took a lot of trouble preparing that meal； I hope you thanked her.她费了不少心思预备这顿饭，我希望你谢谢她.Thanks for all yourtrouble in helping me.谢谢你费神帮我.He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving.他不辞辛苦打听到我们火车开车的时间．3［U］ social disturbance 纠纷；动乱：There was some trouble in the hotel last night; a fight in the bar，I think.昨夜旅馆里出了点乱子；可能是酒吧间里有人打架.troublesome ［B］caus-ing trouble 令人烦恼的；麻烦的；讨厌的：Beingshort of money is a bit troublesome but we'll do what we can.缺钱是有点麻烦，但我们会尽力而为.

bother /'bpðə/1 [U] trouble; inconvenience or anxiety usu caused by small matters and last-ing a short time 麻烦；烦恼；不便：We had a lotof bother finding our way to his house.我们费了很大气力才找到他的家．2［C usu sing］ some-thing or someone that causes this 讨厌的人；麻烦的事物：I don＇t want to be a bother to you， but could I possible use your telephone？我不想给你添麻烦，不过我可以借用一下你的电话吗？bothersome ［B］ causing bother 引起麻烦或不便的；麻烦的：bothersome people／demands 惹人厌烦的人／要求

nuisance /'nju:səns/ [C] 1 an action or state of affairs which causes trouble, offence or unpleasantness 讨厌的行为或情况：What a nui-sance！ I＇ve forgotten my money.真讨厌！我忘记带钱了.Playing the radio too loud in a flat can be a nuisance to one＇s neighbours.在公寓里把收音机开得太响会使邻居讨厌的．2 a person oranimal that annoys or causes trouble 讨厌的人或动物：Don＇t make a nuisance of yourself； sit down and be quiet！别讨人厌了；坐下来别说话！

problem /'probləm/ [C] something which causes difficulties，trouble，etc 问题；难题；困难： I've got a problem; can I talk to you about it? 我有一个难题，可以和你谈谈吗？They havefamily problems.他们有家庭问题.Life is full of problems.生活充满了难题.

upset /'Ap,set/ [C] something which disturbs, annoys，or troubles， usu slightly（常指轻微的） 令人烦恼的事；恼人的事：I hope these upsetsdon＇t make you unhappy.我希望这些烦恼的事不会使你不高兴.

F92 HAPPINESS ＆ SADNESS 快乐与悲伤

F92 adjectives 形容词：anxious and

agitated［B］担心的与焦虑的

anxious /'ænkfəs/ 1 feeling anxiety; troubled; fearful 忧虑的；担心的；焦急的：He was anxiousabout the possibility of losing all his money. 他担心他的钱可能会全部失去.He was anxiousfor the safety of his family．他担心家人的安全．2causing anxiety or worry 令人忧虑的；令人担心的：The period of his illness was an anxious one for us all.他生病期间我们大家都很忧虑.Wehad an anxious time/wait until the doctor said the child was safe.我们度过了忧虑的时刻／焦虑地等候，直到医生说孩子安然无恙．3［also又作F3] infml having a strong wish to do some-thing；eager 渴望的：He was anxious to please his guests.他渴望使客人高兴.-ly［adv］

worried／＇wArid／anxious 担心的；焦虑的：She had a worried look on her face.她脸上有焦虑的神色.He＇s obviously very worried about some-thing.他显然在为某事而非常担心.-ly［adv］

concerned ／kən＇s3：nd／ feeling concern 担心的； 关心的：I＇m really concerned about her health. 我真为她的健康担心.He doesn＇t look veryconcerned， but he＇s very concerned indeed.他看上去不太关心，但实际上他是很着急的.I wastalking to various rather concerned people, and they want to find a solution to the prob-lem.我与十分关心此事的各种人谈了，他们想找到解决问题的办法.

upset／，Ap＇set／unhappy and anxious 心烦意乱的； 苦恼的；忧虑的：She＇s really upset about losing the money.她为丢钱的事很不高兴.You lookupset-what＇s happened？你看上去心烦意乱-出什么事了？

nervous／＇n3：vəs／1 worried and excited 紧张的； 不安的：Don＇t be nervous（ubout it）；the doctor will help you.（对此事）别紧张；医生会帮助你的.2 [Wa5] of or resulting from this kind of condition（由于）紧张的：He made a nervous movement of the hands.他的手紧张地动了一下.She gave a nervous smile．她紧张地笑了一下．3（of a person） easily excited and worried（指人） 易紧张的：He＇s too nervous a person to talk in front of a large group of people.他这人太容易紧张，在大庭广众前讲不出话来.-ly ［adv］-ness[U]

nervy／＇n3：vi／［Wal］ BrE sl nervous； anxious 紧张的；不安的：He was looking very nervy.他看上去很紧张.

disturbed /dr'st3:bd/ upset or not in one's usual condition 心烦的；心境不正常的：His mindis disturbed; he needs care and freedom from worry.他心很乱；他需要照料和摆脱烦恼.

dismayed／dis＇meid／ filled with dismay 沮丧的； 惊慌的；失望的；气馁的：He looked round attheir dismayed faces; they had not expected the disappointing news.他环视他们沮丧的脸；他们没料到会听到这个令人失望的消息.We weredismayed to hear what had happened.听到发生的事我们感到震惊.

distressed／di＇strest／filled with distress 苦恼的； 忧伤的；痛苦的：Their distressed expressions

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F100 ANGER ＆ CALM 愤怒与镇静

told me everything; they did not need to speak.他们忧伤的表情把一切都告诉我了；用不着再说什么了.

anguished /'ængwift/ feeling or expressing very great distress, suffering, or pain,esp of the mind（尤指心灵上）极度痛苦或苦恼的：Heheard her anguished cries.他听到她痛苦的喊叫声.

agitated /'æd3r,teitid/ anxious, troubled, or worried so as to show some bodily sign of this 焦虑的；不安的（以致在行为举止中流露出来）：Shewas so agitated that she could not sit still.她焦虑得坐立不安.

disquieted ／drs＇kwarətid／ fml made anxious 忧虑不安的：His mother is disquieted that she has received no letters from him for four months.他母亲很不安，因为她已有四个月没有收到他的信了.

Anger, violence, stress, calm, and quietness

愤怒、暴力、压力、镇静与安静

F100 verbs 动词：annoying and

displeasing［T1］使人烦恼的与使人不快的

annoy /ə'noi/ to cause (someone) trouble; to make rather angry, esp by certain repeated acts 使烦恼；烦扰；使生气：These flies are annoy-ing me.这些苍蝇真使我心烦.I was annoyed bywhat those men did.那些人干的事使我生气.

irritate/'irə,teit/1 to make (someone) angry or excited in an unpleasant way 激怒；使烦恼；使烦躁：That noise irritates me／my nerves.那噪音使我心烦／刺激我的神经．2 to make （something）painful and sore 使疼痛：Rough material irritates the skin.粗糙的衣料把皮肤磨得发痛.

vex /veks/1 to irritate (someone); cause to feel angry 激怒；使苦恼；使烦躁；使恼火：The boy＇sbad behaviour vexed his mother.这男孩的不良行为激怒了他的母亲．2 ［often pass］ to irritate(someone) continually; to keep in discomfort （接连地）烦扰；使不舒服：Travellers in the desert are often vexed by flies.沙漠中的旅客常受到苍蝇烦扰.She＇s vexed by many cares.有许多操心事烦扰她.

displease /dis'pli:z/ to cause (someone) to be annoyed，angry，etc 使不快；使生气： Her behav-iour displeased him.她的行为使他很不高兴.

provoke /prə'vəuk/ to make (a person or animal） angry or bad-tempered 使生气，使发脾气；激怒：I try to be patient with the child， but he provokes me with his noise.我竭力对这孩子耐心，但他吵吵闹闹激怒我.

nettle /'netl/ esp emot to annoy or anger (some-one）使生气；使烦恼：Her words really nettled me！她的话真使我生气！

F101 verbs 动词：trying and teasing 令人烦恼与取笑

try /trai/ [T1] to make (someone) annoyed, tired，etc 使生气；使烦恼；使劳累（esp in the phrtry someone＇s patience 使某人生气／着急）： That child really tries me; he's very badly-behaved.那孩子真让我头疼；他太不听话了.Thatchild really tries my patience.那孩子真惹我生气. That child would try the patience of a saint （＝ a ver good person indeed）.那孩子就是圣人也受不了.

tease/ti:z/[T1; IØ] to make fun of (a person or animal） playfully or unkindy 取笑；戏弄；嘲弄； 揶揄：At school the other children always teased me because I was fat.因为我长得胖，学校里的孩子都取笑我.The wicked girl teased thedog by pulling its tail.那个淘气的女孩拉那条狗的尾巴来逗弄它.It＇s wrong to tease a personbecause he can＇t speak properly.笑人嘴笨是不对的.Stop teasing！别取笑了！

pester/'pestə/[T1(for, with); IØ] to annoy （someone） continually， esp with demands 烦扰；纠缠；（尤指缠着要···）使（某人）困恼：The beg-gars pestered the travellers for money.乞丐缠住游客讨钱.We were pestered by flies.我们为苍蝇所扰.Stop pestering（me）！不要再纠缠（我） 了！

badger /'bæd3ə/ [T1(for, with)] to tease, worry,annoy,etc (someone) esp again and again with questions, requests, small actions, etc 纠缠（尤指不断地用问题、要求等）；困扰：Stopbadgering me with your questions！别缠着我问个没完！He badgered his mother till she did what he wanted.他缠着他母亲直到她满足了他的要求.

muck/mess about/around [IØ] not fml to behave in a silly way for fun 混日子；胡闹；胡混：Stop mucking about and listen to what I'm saying.别再胡闹了，留心听我说.

bug／bag／［T1］esp AmE sl to annoy； upset 烦扰； 使恼怒：What＇s bugging you tonight？今晚什么事使你那么烦？

F102 verbs 动词：annoying and displeasing greatly［T1］烦扰与激怒

anger／＇ængə／to make （someone） angry 使生气； 激怒：Her cruel words angered him.她那些尖刻的话激怒了他.

enrage /in'reid3/ to make (someone) very angry 使非常生气；激怒：Her behaviour enraged him.她的行为激怒了他.It enrages me that youshould say that.我非常恼火的是你竟说出那样的话.She was enraged at／by his words.她被他的话激怒了.The enraged lion attacked him.那头被激怒的狮子向他扑去.

infuriate/in'fjuərieit/ to make (someone) wildly angry 使狂怒；激怒：Her behaviour really infuriated me.她的行为真的把我气坏了.

madden /'mædn/ to make (someone) wild or

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