H132 EQUIPMENT 设备

wheel moving 制轮楔；刹车装置 3［U］（in amachine) the state of being stopped or blocked 锁住；固定；停开：in the lock position 处于停开状态 under lock and key safely hidden and fastened in 安全严密地收藏着

padlock /'pæd,lpk/1 [C] a lock that can be put on and taken off, having a movable metal ring that can be passed through a U-shaped bar and fixed by a key in the lock 挂锁；扣锁：He fastened the chain to a ring in the post, by means of a padlock.他用一把挂锁把链条拴在柱子的铁环上．2［T1］ to fasten，lock， or join by means of a padlock（用挂锁）锁上；把···上锁：The iron gate in the fence is padlocked at night.围墙的铁门夜间上锁.He padlocked thetwo sides of the cupboard door together.他把两扇橱门用挂锁锁在一起.

combination lock [C] a kind of lock with a device （a dial） showing numbers or letters暗码（号码或字码）锁；密码锁：In a combinationlock the numbers orletters are moved until the right set shows on the dial and the lock opens.暗码锁上面的号码或字码可以转动，暗码盘上出现正确的号码或字码组合时，锁便打开.combi-nation the right set of numbers for opening such a lock（开锁的）暗码；对号密码

key/ki:/[C] 1 an instrument, usu made of metal, for locking or unlocking (a door), winding (a clock), tightening or loosening (a spring), or starting and stopping (a car engine）（见656页彩图）钥匙2（fig）some-thing that explains, answers, or helps you to understand（解答或帮助理解问题的）线索；秘诀；答案：The key to the grammar exercises is at the back of the book.语法练习的答案在书后.Her very unhappy childhood is the key to the way she behaves now.她那不幸的童年就是理解她现在行为的钥匙.

latch/lætf/ [C] 1 a simple fastening for a door, gate,window,etc, worked by dropping a bar into a U-shaped space（见D23插图）闩；门闩； 窗闩 2 a spring lock for a house door that can be opened from the outside with a key（见656页彩图）门锁；弹簧锁 off the latch not fullyclosed；slightly opened 未关紧的；微开的on the latch fastened only with the latch; not locked 仅用闩拴着而未上锁的

latchkey/'lætf,ki:/ [C] a key for opening a lock on an outside door of a house or flat 大门（弹簧锁的）钥匙

keyhole/'ki:,həvl/ [C] a hole for the key in a lock，a clock，etc（见656页彩图）锁眼；钥匙孔

H132 nouns 名词：moving parts of doors，etc［C］门的活动部件等

[ALSO→D24]

handle /'hændl/ a part of an object which is specially made for holding it , esp as used to open a door（见656页彩图）柄；把手；（尤指）门把手

knob /npb/ a round handle or control button

（门、抽屉等的）球形把手；（收音机等的）旋钮：Heopened the door by turning the（door）knob.他转动门把手开门.The radio has its on-off knob on the right.这收音机的开关旋钮在右侧.

hinge /hind3/ 1 one of the usu metal parts which join two objects together and allow the first to swing around the second（见656 页彩图）铰链：The door swung easily on its hinges. 这门的绞链转动很灵活．2（fig） the point onwhich something else depends 关键；重点：The home is the hinge on which the family turns. 家是家庭活动的中心．hinged［Wa5；B］ fittedwith a hinge or hinges 安上铰链的：The cup-board door is hinged on the right, so it opens on the left.橱门的绞链安在右侧，所以要从左边开.panel /'pænəl/ a separate,usu four-sided divi-

sion of the surface of a door, wall, etc, which is different in some way from the surface around it， usu by being higher or lower 嵌板； 镶板；方格：The door had a glass panel in it.门上镶有一块玻璃.

H133 nouns 名词：refrigerators and

freezers［C］冰箱与冷藏库 [ALSO→D38]

refrigerator/rr'frıd3əreitə/ a large box or room in which food or drink can be kept for a while at a low temperature（见753页彩图）冰箱；冷藏室：There＇s some beer in the refrigerator.冰箱里有啤酒.

fridge ／frid3／ esp BrE infml a refrigerator（见753页彩图）冰箱

icebox /'ais,bpks/1 a box where food is cooled with ice 冰柜 2 AmE not fml a refrigerator 冰箱

freezer／＇fri：zə／1 also 又作 deep freeze a type of large refrigerator in which supplies of food can be stored at a very low temperature for a long time 冷藏库；大型冰箱2 also 又作 freezingcompartment an enclosed part of a refrige-rator in which there is a specially low temperature for making small ice blocks, storing frozen foods，etc（冰箱中的）冷冻格；冷冻箱

H134 nouns 名词：washing machines ［C］

洗衣机 [ALSO→D174]

washing machine also 又作 washer／＇wofa／a

machine for washing clothes （见753页彩图）

洗衣机

mangle /'mængəl/ a machine used esp formerly for pressing the water out of clothes which have just been washed so as to dry and smooth them（尤指旧时轧干洗过的衣服等用的）轧干机

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Tools

工具

H140 nouns 名词： kinds of knives，etc

［C］各类刀子

handle（刀）柄

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凿子

knife /naif/ a blade fixed in a handle and used for cutting as a tool or weapon 刀： He cut up the meat with a knife. 他用刀切肉.The men carried knives to protect themselves.这些人带刀子自卫.

penknife /'pen,narf/ a small knife with usu two folding blades， usu carried in the pocket 削铅笔刀；（随身带的）双开小刀

pocket knife a knife with a blade that folds into the handle, and is carried in the pocket （随身带的）单开小刀

sheath knife a knife with a fixed (not folding) blade,for carrying in a sheath(=a cover for the blade alone）带鞘刀；鞘装刀

dagger /'dægə/ á short pointed knife used as a weapon 匕首；短剑：He struck out with his dagger and killed two men.他用匕首猛刺，刺死了两个人.at daggers drawn （with someone） about to fight （with someone）剑拔弩张 look daggers at someone to look very angrily at someone 对某人怒目而视

chisel /'tfizəl/ a metal tool with a sharp cutting edge at the end of a blade, used for cutting into or shaping a solid material (such as wood，stone，etc）凿子；錾子

razor /'reizə/ a sharp instrument for removing hair from the skin， sometimes electric 剃刀； （电）刮胡刀

H142 TOOLS 工具

H141 nouns 名词：scissors，etc［P］剪刀等

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scissors /'sizəz/ two sharp blades having handles with holes for the fingers at one end, fastened at the centre so that they open in the shape of the letter X and cut when they close 剪刀：The scissors are sharp.剪刀很锋利.Have you got a pair ofscissors？你有（一把）剪刀吗？ shears／Jiəz／1 large scissors 大剪刀 2 any of various heavier cutting tools which work like scissors 剪切刀；剪切机：He bought（a pair of） garden shears.他买了（一把）园艺用修枝剪.

cutters／＇katəz／an instrument for cutting 切割器械；剪裁器械

clippers ／＇klipəz／also 又作［C］ clipper a tool or instrument, usu like scissors, used for clipping (= cutting quickly) the nails or hair, and also for hedges，wire，etc（指理发、修指甲、修剪树篱、剪铁线等用的）剪刀：The clippers are on thetable.理发剪在桌子上.Is the clipper in the cupboard？指甲刀在壁橱里吗？

pliers/'plarəz/ a type of small tool made of two crossed pieces of metal with long flat jaws at one end, used to hold small things or to bend and cut wire 钳子；老虎钳：Where are my pliers？ 我的老虎钳在哪儿？He bought a new pair ofpliers.他买了一把新钳子.

pincers /'pinsəz/ 1 a tool for holding things tight 铁钳；钳子：He held the hot metal with a pair of pincers．他用铁钳夹住灼热的金属．2 theclaws of crabs， lobsters，etc［→A102］（蟹、龙虾等的）螯

pair/peə/[C of] the two parts of these tools,as in一把（剪，钳等）：a pair of scissors／pliers一把剪刀／钳子

H142 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：kinds ofsaw，etc 各类锯子

saw/so:/1 [C]a hand-or power-driven tool for cutting hard materials, having a thin flat blade with a row of v-shaped teeth on the edge 锯子； 手锯；电锯：He cut through the wood with a

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H143 TOOLS 工具

saw．他用锯锯开木头．2［IØ；T1（through，up）］to cut with a saw（用锯）锯；锯开；锯成：He sawed the wood.他锯木头.He sawed right through the piece of wood.他把木头锯开了.He sawed the wood in half （＝ into two equal pieces）.他把木头锯成了两半（相等的两半）.Saw up thatwood； we need it for burning.把那块木头锯成小块；我们要用它烧火.

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file锉（刀）

hacksaw/'hæk,so:/ [C] a saw that has a blade which can be changed, esp one used for cutting metal 弓锯；钢锯

circular saw [C] a machine which can cut out wood very quickly by means of the sharp teeth on its power-driven round metal blade（电动） 圆锯；电锯

plane/plem/1[C] a tool with a blade that takes very thin pieces off wooden surfaces to make them smooth 刨；刨子2［T1（down）；X7］ to smooth with a plane 刨平：She planed the wood smooth.她把那块木头刨光滑了.

file/fail/1 [C] a tool with a rough surface,used for smoothing hard materials 锉（刀）2 ［T1； (IØ)] to smooth (a surface, material, etc) with a file（用锉）锉；锉平；把···锉光：He filed the metal bar．他把金属棒锉光．file away［v adv T1］ to remove by filing 锉掉：He filed away the rough bits from the bar.他锉掉了铁棒上的毛刺.lathe /leið/ [C] a machine that turns a piece of

wood or metal round and round against a sharp tool that gives itshape 旋床；车床

H143 nouns 名词：kinds of axe［C］各类斧

axe,AmE usu ax /æks/ a tool with a heavy metal blade on the end of a long handle, used to cut down trees or split logs 斧

pickaxe /'pık,æks/, AmE usu -ax/-æks/a large tool with a wooden handle fitted into a curved iron bar with one sharp point and one flat

edge， used for breaking up roads， rock， etc 鹤嘴锄；镐

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pick／pik／1 infml a pickaxe 鹤嘴锄；镐2 ［usu in comb] a sharp pointed, usu small instrument 任何尖的小工具：The climbers used icepicks.登山运动员使用冰凿子.He got.the pieces of foodout of his teeth with a toothpick.他用牙签把食物渣从牙缝里剔出来.

hatchet/'hætfit/ a smal axe with a short handle 短柄小斧

chopper /'tfopə/ a small axe, used esp for chopping wood or meat（砍柴或肉的）斧头；菜刀

H144 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：

hammers 锤类

mallet 木槌

hammer/'hæmə/1[C]a tool with a heavy head for driving nails into wood, or for striing things to break them or move them 锤；榔头2 [C] anything made to hit something else, as in a piano or part of a gun（敲击用的）小锤；（钢琴的）音锤；（枪上击动撞针或发火帽的）击铁3［T1］to strike with a hammer 锤击；锤成；锤打：Hammer the nails in.用锤子把钉子敲进去.Hammer the top down．用锤子把盖子钉上．4［IØ（away at）］ to hit repeatedly 接连锤打：I ham-mered away at his head.我接连敲他的头.

mallet /'mælit/ [C] 1 a' small wooden hammer 小木槌2 a hammer with a wooden head（木槌头的）木槌3 a hammer with a long handle，esp as used in certain games 长柄木槌；（尤指打槌球或马球用的）球棍

H145 nouns 名词：parts of knives，tools， etc［C］刀、工具等的部分

blade /bleid/ the flat cutting part of a knife,

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sword, razor, or other cutting tool or weapon （见H140插图）（刀、剑、剃刀等的）刃；刀锋

point /point/ a sharp end, esp of a knife, weapon，etc（刀、武器等的）尖：She cut her hand on the sharp point of the knife.锋利的刀尖划破了她的手.

edge /ed3/ the thin sharp cutting side of a blade，tool，etc 刀口；刃；锋：Please sharpen the edge of the axe.请磨快这把斧子.

head/hed/the top part of a tool such as an axe, hammer，etc（见H144插图）（斧、锤等的）头

handle/'hændl/ the part by which a knife, tool, etc，is held（见H140插图）（刀、工具等的）柄；把

hilt／hrlt／the handle of a knife or sword（刀、剑的）柄；把

haft/ha:ft/ the handle of an axe or of some long-handled weapons（锄、斧或长柄武器的）柄； 把

shaft/fa:ft/1 the long handle of a hammer, axe, golf club，or tool like that（锤、斧等工具的）长柄；高尔夫球棍2 a long or thin piece of woodforming the body of a spear, arrow, or weapon like these（见H234插图）矛柄；箭杆； 类似长杆的武器

H146 nouns 名词：kinds of drill［C］各种钻

pneumatic drill /njur,mætik 'dril/ a drill worked by air pressure 风钻

bit／bit／ the part of a drill that makes a hole（钻机上的）钻头

brace /breis/ a tool which holds a bit used for making holes in wood（手摇曲柄钻的）曲柄

H148 TOOLS 工具

H147 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：various other tools for making holes 其它钻孔工具

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awl/o:l/ [C] a small pointed tool, often with a broad handle， for making holes in leather（在皮革上钻孔的）锥子

punch/pantf/1 [C]a steel tool for cutting holes in, or pressing a pattern onto, paper, leather, metal，etc 打孔器；打印器 2 ［C］ a tool forhammering the heads of nails below a surface 压钉机3［T1］ to make （a hole） in （something） with a punch（用打孔器）打孔；轧洞：Hepunched a hole in the paper.他用打孔器在纸上打了一个孔.She punched my ticket before letting me into the theatre.她在我的戏票上轧洞后，才让我进剧院.

H148 nouns and verbs 名词和动词：nails，

螺母和螺栓

nail /neil/1 [C] a thin piece of metal with a point at one end for hammering into a piece of wood, usu to fasten the wood to something else 钉；钉子2［T1（up）］to fix with nails（用钉

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H149 TOOLS 工具

子）钉住；钉牢：He nailed the wood to the door. 他把木头钉在门上.He nailed up the door sothat it would not open.他把门钉死，让它开不了.

spike /spark/1 a long pointed piece of metal with an outward or upward point（尖头向上或朝外的）尖铁：spikes along the top of a fence 围墙顶上的尖铁2 any of several pieces of metal fixed in the bottom of shoes for holding the ground，esp in sports 鞋底钉；跑鞋钉 3 a verylarge nail or pin for fastening 大钉；（铁路上把铁轨固定在枕木上的）道钉 spiky［Wal；B］havingsharp points 有尖的；有尖钉的： spiky leaves 有尖的叶子

screw /skru:/1 [C] a usu metal pin having a head,usu with a cut (slot) straight across it, often a point at the other end, and a continu-ous raised edge (thread) going around and around it, so that when twisted and pressed, usu with a screwdriver, into a material it holds the material firmly and can fasten the material to something else 螺丝钉；螺钉；螺旋钉2 ［C］ an act of turning one of these；turn 旋； 拧（螺丝钉）：He gave it another screw to tighten it．他又拧了一下，把它拧紧．3［X9］to fixwith a screw or screws（用螺钉）固定；钉住：He screwed the piece of wood into place.他用螺钉把木板钉住.Screw it up tight！用螺钉把它拧紧！

screwnail／＇skru：，neil／［C］ a long screw 长螺丝钉washer/'wofə/ [C] a ring of metal, leather,or rubber, often as fitted on a screw, etc to help make it tight or to stop a liquid from passing through a hole 垫圈

nut/nat/ a small, usu four- or six-sided piece of metal with a threaded hole through it for screwing onto a bolt 螺母；螺帽

bolt/bəult/1 [C] a screw with no point,which fastens onto a nut to hold things together 螺栓2 ［T1 （together）］ to fix with bolts（用螺栓）拴住： The pieces of metal were bolted together.金属片用螺栓固定在一起了.

rivet /'rivit/1 [C] ą metal bolt like a nail used to fasten sheets of metal together 铆钉2［T1］to fasten with rivets（用铆钉）铆：The sheets wre badly riveted together.金属板铆得很糟糕.

H149 nouns 名词：screwdrivers，

spanners，and other tools［C］螺丝起子、扳手与其它工具

活动扳手

screwdriver /'skru:,draivə/ a tool with a narrow blade at one end which fits into the cut (slot)

in the heads of screws for turning them into and out of their places 螺丝起子；螺丝刀；改锥

spanner /'spænə/ BrE, wrench /rentf/ AmEa

tool for holding a nut and turning it 扳手；扳钳monkey wrench a tool that, by turning a screw, can be used for holding or turning things of different widths 活动扳手

vice, AmE usu vise /vais/ an apparatus that holds a piece of wood,etc, very firmly between two parts that are moved close together for this purpose by turning a screw 虎头钳；台虎钳

H150 nouns，etc 名词等：wheels and levers 轮子与杠杆

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lever/'levə/1 [C] a bar or other strong tool used for lifting or moving something heavy or stiff. One end is placed under or against the object, the other end is pushed down with force， and the bar turns on a fixed point 杠杆2 [C] any mechanical instrument working in the same way（利用杠杆原理的）机械3［C］（fig）something which may be used to influence others（可用来影响他人的）手段；工具4［X9］tomove with a lever 用杠杆撬动；用杠杆移动：Helevered the big stones into another position.他用杠杆把大石头移到另一位置.

fulcrum /'falkrəm/ [C] the point on which a lever turns or is supported in lifting or moving something（杠杆的）支点；支轴

crowbar /'krəuba:/ [C] an iron bar with a bent V-shaped end put under heavy objects and pressed to raise them off the ground 撬棍；铁撬；起货钩

wheel/wi:l/1[C] a circular object which turns round on a rod in its centre, on which vehicles can move, with which things can be turned, moved，etc 轮；车轮；机轮：Cars run on wheels. 汽车靠轮子行驶.Turn the wheel slowly.慢慢转动轮子．2［T1］ to push or pull something which has a wheel or wheels（利用轮子）滚动；转动；推动：He was wheeling his bicycle； he wasn＇t riding it．他推着自行车走，而没有骑．3［X9］tocarry in or on a vehicle with wheels 用车运（货等）：The boxes were wheeled away.箱子用车运走了．4［IØ；T1］to（cause to） move round like a wheel 旋转；转弯；盘旋：The soldiers wheeled right.士兵向右转.Birds were wheeling in the sky．鸟在空中盘旋．wheeled ［Wa5；B］having wheels 装有轮子的：a wheeled vehicle 装有轮子的搬运工具；a three-wheeled car 三轮汽车

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-wheeler [comb form] (of a vehicle) having a stated number of wheels 有···轮的车：The car is a three-wheeler.这是一辆三轮汽车.

track/træk/[C] a rolling band of metal, etc, usu one of two, on vehicles such as tanks and tractors, laid down for the wheels to run on （见H248插图）（坦克或拖拉机的）履带：Tanksrun on tracks．坦克靠履带行驶．tracked［Wa5； B］ having tracks 有履带的：a tracked vehicle 履带式车辆

pivot/'pivə/1 [C] a bar, point, etc, on which something balances 枢；枢轴；支点：The wheel turned on a wooden pivot.轮子绕着木制枢轴转动.（fig）His ideas were the pivot of the discussion．他的想法是这次讨论的中心．2［IØ；T1］to （cause to） turn on a pivot （使）绕轴转动： The wheel pivoted.轮子在轴上转动.He pivoted the wheel.他使轮子在轴上转动.

swivel /'swivəl/1 [C] a ring, hook, or pivot that is fixed to something else in a way that lets them both turn round easily；a pivot 转环；旋转接头；旋轴2［IØ；T1］to（cause to） turn on a swivel；to pivot（在转环、旋轴上）旋转；使旋转：He swivelled the chair.他转动椅子.

H153 TOOLS 工具

etc, so as to get an angle and then find out one＇s position 六分仪

H152 nouns 名词：tools for opening bottles，etc［C］开瓶工具等

bottle opener any tool which can open a bottle 开瓶器；开瓶盖起子

tin opener BrE, can opener AmE any tool that will open the top·of a tin 开罐头器；开罐刀

corkscrew

拔塞钻

corkscrew /'ko:kskru:/an apparatus of twisted metal with a metal, plastic or wood handle, used for drawing corks out of bottles 拔塞钻； 螺旋起子

H153 nouns 名词：funnels and sieves［C］ 漏斗与筛

H151 nouns 名词：tools for levels and angles［C］测量水平与角度的工具

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spirit level 酒精水准器

量角器

spirit level /'spirit 'leval/ a tool for testing whether a surface is level, made of a bar containing a short glass tube of liquid with a bubble which is in the centre if the surface is level（酒精）水准器；水平仪

ruler ／＇ru：lə／ also 又作 esp tech rule ／ru：l／ a straight piece of wood, metal,plastic,etc, used for measuring, drawing straight lines, etc 尺；直尺：Use a ruler if you want your lines to be straight.想把线条画直，就用直尺.

protractor /prə'træktə/ an instrument, shaped like half a circle, for measuring angles on a flat surface 量角器；分度规

T-square/'tir,skweə/ a large ruler shaped like a letter T，used esp in drawing parallel lines 丁字尺

sextant/'sekstənt/ an instrument used esp at sea to find out the height of the sun, a star,

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funnel/'fanəl/ a tubelike vessel that is large and round at the top and small at the bottom, used in pouring liquids or powders into a small hole 漏斗：He used a funnel to fill the bottle with oil.他用漏斗往瓶子里灌油.

filter /'filtə/ 1 an apparatus containing paper, sand, etc, through which liquids can be passed so as to make them clear 过滤器：We need a new oil filter．我们需要一个新的滤油器．2a（col-oured) glass that reduces the quantity or changes the quality of the light admitted into a camera， telescope［→H123］，etc 滤色镜；滤光镜

sieve /srv/ a tool of wire netting on a frame, or of a solid sheet with holes, used for separating large and small solids, or solid things from liquid 筛；滤网；滤杓 sift ［T1］ to put through a sieve（用筛）筛；筛分；过滤：sift flour 筛面粉；（fig） Sift all the information carefully.仔细筛选所有的情报.

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H154 TOOLS 工具

H154 nouns 名词：tools for digging，

cutting，etc［C］挖掘、切割等工具

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shovel /'Javəl/ 1 a long-handled tool with a broad, usu square or rounded blade for lifting and moving loose material 铲；铁锨；铁锹2a part like this on a digging or earth-moving machine铲（挖、推）土机铲斗3 such a machine itself铲（挖、推）土机4 also 又作 shovelful the amount of material carried in any of these 满铲；一铲的量：He lifted a shovelful of earth.他铲起一铲土.

spade /speid/1 a tool like a shovel for digging earth, with a broad metal blade for pushing with the foot into the ground（挖土时用脚踏铲入泥中的）铁铲；铁锨；铁锹2 also 又作spadefulthe amount (of earth, etc) that can be moved or carried by this一铲的量

rake /reik/ 1 a gardening tool consisting of a row of teeth at the end of a long handle, used for making the soil level, gathering esp dead leaves，etc（长柄）耙子；钉齿耙2 the same kind of tool on wheels, pulled by a horse or by a machine（马或拖拉机等牵引的）耙机3 the samekind of tool used to draw together the money on the table during a game of chance（赌桌上用的）钱耙

hoe/həu/ a long-handled garden tool used for breaking up the soil and removing wild plants 锄头；中耕铲；除草锄

fork/fo:k/ a farm or gardening tool for breaking up the soil, lifting dried grass, etc, having a wooden handle with two or more metal points （prongs or tines） at one end 草叉；耙

mower /'məvə/ a machine for mowing, esp one

for cutting grass in gardens (a lawnmower) having blades that turn round as it moves 刈草机

sickle /'sikəl/ a small hand tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass，etc 短柄镰刀scythe /saið/ a large hand tool with a curved

blade，used for cutting grass，etc 长柄大镰刀

H155 verbs 动词：using tools for digging，cutting，etc 用工具挖、割等[ALSO→I114]

shovel /'fAvəl/ 1 [T1; IØ] to take up, make, or work with a shovel（用铲）铲；铲起； 铲走：He got a job shovelling snow. 他找到一份铲雪的工作.He shovelled a path through the snow.他在积雪中铲出了一条小路．2［X9］to move roughly aswith a shovel（像用锹一样）移走：He shovelled the papers into his desk.他把文件胡乱塞进桌子里.

rake /rerk/1 [IØ; T1; X7] to make (a place) level with a rake（用耙子）耙；耙平：He raked the garden paths. 他把花园的小路耙平.You rakeand I＇ll dig．你耙地，我来翻地．2［T1（together， up）］ to collect （as if） with a rake（彷彿）用耙子收拢在一起：Rake up the dead leaves.把枯叶耙在一起.Rake the money together.把钱收拢在一起．3 ［L9 esp about， around， among， over， through] to search carefully (as if) by turning over and stirring up a mass 搜寻；探索：I＇ll rake about/around/among/through my papers and see if I can find it.我要翻一翻我的文件，看能否找到它.Rake overlthrough the pile of old letters．在旧信堆中寻找吧．4［T1（with）］ to examine or shoot in a continuous sweeping movement along the whole length of 扫视；（用枪）扫射：The police raked the hillside with powerful glasses (binoculars) but did not see the escaped prisoner.警察用高倍望远镜（双筒望远镜）扫视山坡，但没有发现逃犯.

hoe／həu／1［IØ］ to use a hoe 锄2［T1］to remove or break with a hoe 用锄锄掉；毁掉

fork/fo:k/[T1] to lift, carry, move, etc, with a fork（用叉）叉；叉起；叉走；用耙子翻动：Hewatched the farmer forking the dried grass.他看农民用叉子叉干草.I shall have to fork overthe soil in the garden (= turn it over with a fork）.我得用叉子把花园里的土翻一遍.

mow/məu/[T1; IØ] to cut (grass, corn, etc), or cut that which grows in (a field or other area), with a mower or a scythe 刈；割（草、庄稼等）：He mows the grass in the garden every Saturday afternoon.他每星期六下午都在花园里刈草.After the fields were mown，the grass was left to dry in the sun.草割下后，就在地里晒干.Ifthe weather's fine tomorrow, the farmer intends to mow.要是明天天气好，农民准备收割庄稼.

scythe /saið/ [T1; IØ] to cut or mow with a scythe（用长柄大镰刀）割：He scythed the long grass.他用长柄镰刀割掉高草.

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H156 nouns 名词：cleaning tools［C］打扫

工具 [ALSO→ D178]

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brush /brAf/1 [often in comb] an instrument for cleaning, smoothing, or painting, made of sticks， stiff hair， nylon， etc 刷子，毛刷：a clothesbrush 衣刷；a toothbrush 牙刷；a hair-brush 头发刷；a paintbrush 画笔；漆刷 2 an actof using a brush 刷（指动作）：I＇ve just given my coat a（quick）brush.我刚刚把外衣（快）刷了一遍.broom /bru:m/ a large sweeping brush, usu

with a long handle 扫帚

mop/mpp/1 a tool for washing floors, made up of a long stick with a number of threads of rope or thick string or some soft material fastened to one end 拖把 2 a tool for washing dishes, made up of a short stick with a num-ber of threads of thick string fastened to one end 洗碗刷3［（of）usu sing］（fig） infml a thick mass (of hair), standing up from the head, and looking as if it is not brushed 蓬乱的头发

H157 verbs 动词：using cleaning tools 使用清扫工具

[ALSO→D175,178]

brush/braf/ 1 [T1]to clean or smooth with a brush（用刷子）刷；擦；拂拭：She brushed her coat／the floor／her teeth／her hair.她刷上衣／地板／ 牙齿／头发．2［X9，esp away， off］ to remove with or as if with a brush 刷掉；掸去；拂去：Hebrushed the snow away. 他把雪掸掉.He brushed away the fly（with his hand）.他（用手）把苍蝇赶走．3［X7,9］to put into a stated condition with or as if with a brush 擦（亮）；刷（净）：She brushed her teeth clean.她把牙刷干净.He brushed his hair flat.他把头发梳平滑.She brushed the piece of paper off the table. 她把纸片拂下桌子.

mop /mpp/[T1 (up)] to clean or move with a mop（用拖把）拖洗；擦净：He mopped up thewater on the floor.他把地板上的水用拖把拖干.

sweep/swi:p/[T1 (up)] to clean with a brush, broom，etc 扫；打扫；扫除：Please sweep the floor.请扫地.

H170 CONTAINERS 容器

H158 nouns， etc 名词等：metal-working

and its tools，etc 金属加工与工具等

anvil/'ænvil/ [C] a shaped iron block on which metals are hammered to the shape wanted 铁砧

bellows／＇beləuz／ ［Wn3； C； P］ 1 also 又作 ［C］a pair of bellows an instrument used for blow-ing air into a fire to make it burn quickly（鼓风助燃的）风箱 2 an instrument like this used for supplying a musical instrument with air（手风琴等的）风箱

smithy／＇smiθi／also 又作 forge／fo：d3／［C］the workshop of a blacksmith 铁匠店

blacksmith／＇blæk，smiθ／ also 又作 infml smith /smiθ/[C] a man who works with iron, esp in making shoes for horses 铁匠；（尤指）马蹄铁匠

smith /smiθ/[C esp in comb] a person who works with metal 金属工匠：a coppersmith 铜匠，goldsmith 金匠，silversmith，etc 银匠，等

shoe／fu：／1［C］also 又作 horseshoe／＇ho：SSu：／ an iron bar bent in the shape of the letter U which is nailed to the hoof of a horse by a blacksmith，etc 马蹄铁；马掌：The horse has cast（＝lost）a shoe．这匹马丢了一只马掌．2［T1］ to put such a shoe on a horse＇s hoof 给（马）钉蹄铁（马掌）：He shoed the horse.他给马钉上马掌.

H159 adjectives ＆ verbs 形容词和动词：sharp and not sharp 锋利的与不锋利的

sharp/Sa:p/ [Wal; B] (of knives, tools,etc) able to cut easily（刀子、工具等）锋利的；锐利的；快的：Be careful; the (blade of the) knife is very sharp.当心，这把刀（的刀刃）非常快.The knifehas a very sharp edge.这把刀很锋利.sharpen ［T1］ to make sharp 磨快；削尖：He sharpened the knife.他把刀磨快了.sharpener［C］a tool or person that sharpens knives，tools，etc 磨削器；磨床；削刀；磨削者：He used a pencil sharp-ener to sharpen his pencil.他用卷笔刀削尖铅笔.blunt /blant/1 [Wal; B] not sharp; not able to cut easily 不锋利的；钝的：The knife is blunt； please sharpen it．刀钝了，请把它磨快．2［T1］to

make blunt; to cause to be unable to cut easily 把...弄钝：Be careful； don＇t blunt the knife.当心；别把刀子弄钝了.（fig）Her bad behaviour blunted his interest in her.她的恶劣行为使他对她失去了兴趣.

Containers

容器

H170 nouns 名词：containers，vessels，

and bottles［C］容器、器皿与瓶子

container/kən'teinə/ anything such as a box, bottle，etc used for holding something 容器

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vessel /'vesəl/ a usu round containe such as a glass, pot, cup, bottle, etc, used esp for hold-ing liquids 器皿（尤指盛液体的圆形容器，如杯、壶、碗、瓶等）：Man first made drinking vessels out of baked clay.人类最初用黏土烧制器皿.

bottle /'bptl/1 a container, typicaly of glass or plastic, with a rather narrow neck or mouth and usu no handle 瓶；瓶子 2 a bag made of skin，for holding liquid（盛液体的）皮袋；皮囊3 also 又作 bottleful the quantity held by a bottle 一瓶的量：He drank three bottles of wine.他喝了三瓶酒.

jar/d3a:/1 a vessel like a bottle with a short neck and wide mouth, which may be of glass, stone，clay，etc 罐子；坛子；广口瓶 2 thecontents of a jar 一罐所装的量（或物）：We needseveral jars of that stuff to cook this special dish.要做这种特别的菜，我们需要好几罐那种原料.

flask/fla:sk/1 a narrow-necked bottle, esp for wine or oil, often covered, esp in Italy,with twisted plant stems （wicker）瓶；长颈瓶：He bought a flask of Italian wine.他买了一瓶意大利酒．2 a flat bottle for carrying alcohol in a pocket，etc（口袋中可带的）扁酒瓶：Flasks are often made of metal covered with leather.扁瓶往往是用金属做的，外面有皮套．3 the amountof liquid which a flask contains 一瓶的量［ [6LI

thermos （flask）／＇θз：məs （fla：sk）／ also 又作vacuum flask /'vækjuəm fla:sk/ 1 a bottle having two walls between which an empty space (vacuum) is kept, used for keeping liquids either hot or cold 热水瓶；保温瓶2the amount of liquid that it contains 一瓶之量

vase /veis/ a container, usu shaped like a deep pot,with a rather narrow opening at the top and made of glass or baked clay, used either to put flowers in or as an ornament（装饰用的） 瓶；花瓶

urn/3:n/ a large vase with handles in which a esp the ashes of a burnt dead body are kept 瓮；（尤指）骨灰缸 b liquids are kept（盛液体的）大壶［■H173］

H171 nouns 名词：jugs，etc［C］壶类

jug/d3ag/1 BrE a pot for liquids, with a handle and a lip for pouring 壶；带柄水壶；罐： She puta jug of milk on the table.她把一壶牛奶放在桌子上．2also 又作 jugful the amount a jug will hold 一罐或一壶之量：He drank a jug of milk.他喝了一罐牛奶．3 a pot for liquids with anarrow opening at the top that can usu be closed with a cork（顶端有小口，通常可用软木塞塞住的）壶

pitcher／＇pitfə／1 BrE a large jug 大水罐；大壶 2 AmE a jug of any size（各种大小的）水罐

flagon/'flægən/1 a large container for liquids, usu with a lid, a handle, and a lip or spout for pouring 大壶 2 a large bottle in which esp wine is sold, containing about twice as much as an ordinary bottle（尤指装酒出售的）大肚酒壶（容量约为普通酒瓶的两倍）3 the amount of

liquid which a flagon contains 一壶之量

H172 nouns 名词：cups，plates，and bowls 杯、盘与碗

cup/kap/ 1 [C] a small round container, usu with a handle, from which liquids are drunk, esp hot liquids such as tea or coffee 瓷杯；茶（咖啡）杯2［C］this container with the liquid in it（一）杯；一杯之物：If you＇re making a pot of tea I＇d love a cup.要是你沏一壶茶，我想喝一杯.He ordered two cups of tea and only one of coffee．他点（要）了两杯茶，只要一杯咖啡．3［C］also 又作 cupful the amount held by one cup （一）满杯；一杯之量：He drank two cups ofcoffee and left.他喝了两杯咖啡就走了.Add onecup of flour to half a cup of milk and mix. 半杯牛奶加入一杯面粉，然后搅匀．4［C］（fig）a shal-low round object 杯形物：He drew the cup of the flower．他画出了那朵花的花萼．5［C］aspecially shaped ornamental vessel, usu made of gold or silver, given as a prize to the winner of a competition 优胜杯；奖杯：Which team do you think will win the cup this year？ 你认为哪一队今年将赢得奖杯？My daughter won thosecups for dancing.我女儿在舞蹈比赛赢得了那些奖杯．6 ［U9； C9］ a specially prepared drink of wine or another alcoholic drink（特制的）酒： cider ［→E67］ cup 苹果酒 7［C9］（fig）that which comes to a person in life； experience经历；遭遇：When her child died her cup of sorrow seemed complete.她孩子的死似乎使她的悲痛达到了极点.

mug/mag/ [C] 1 a drinking vessel with a flat bottom, straight sides and a handle, not usu with a saucer（周边垂直的）有柄大杯：She camein with three mugs of coffee.她端着三大杯咖啡进来了．2also 又作mugful the contents of this 一大杯的量：He drank a mug of coffee.他喝了一大杯咖啡.

glass/gla:s/ [C] 1 a drinking vessel, esp made of glass， or plastic， often with a stem 玻璃杯；高脚杯：He bought some wine glasses.他买了几只酒杯．2 also 又作 glassful the amount held by one glass 一杯之量：Have a glass of wine.喝一杯酒吧.

tumbler/'tamblə/ [C] 1 a large, flat-bottomed drinking glass with no handle or stem（无柄或脚的）平底大玻璃杯2 also 又作tumblerful theamount held by a tumbler 一杯之量

tankard /'tænkəd/ [C] a large drinking cup or mug, usu with a handle and lid, esp for drinking beer 连柄有盖大酒杯；大啤酒杯

goblet/'goblit/ [C] a drinking vessel, usu of glass or metal, with a base and stem but no handles and esp used for wine（无柄）高脚杯； 酒杯

dish/drf/[C] 1 a large flat, often round or egg-shaped vessel from which food is put onto people＇s plates（上菜用的）盘子：Somebody has broken this dish． 有人把这盘子打破了．2 theamount that can go on a dish 一盘之量：Bring another dish of rice，please.请再端一盘米饭来.

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3 any object shaped like a dish 盘形物

plate /pleit/1 [C]a flat, usu round dish with a slightly raised edge from which food is eaten or served（供各人盛食物的）碟子：She bought aset of dinner plates．她买了一套餐碟．2［U］ metal articles, usu made of gold or silver as used at meals or in services in church 金银器皿（餐具或教堂举行宗教仪式时用的器皿）：All thechurch plate has been locked up.教堂所有的金银器皿都锁起来了.This old silver pot is abeautiful piece of plate.这个旧式银壶是件精美的餐具.

saucer /'so:sə/ [C] 1 a small plate with edges curving up， made for setting a cup on 茶杯碟； 茶托：（fig）Her eyes opened as wide as saucers in surprise．她的眼睛因惊讶而瞪得圆圆的．2 also又作 saucerful the amount held by a saucer-碟之量：Give the cat a saucer of milk.给猫一碟牛奶.

bowl /bəul/1 [C] a deep round container for holding liquids， flowers， sugar，etc （见753页彩图）碗；钵：She broke the sugar bowl.她打碎了糖钵．2［C］also 又作 bowlful／＇bəulful／ the amount held by a bowl 一碗（钵）之量：There are two bowls of sugar left．还剩下两碗糖．3［S］ (fig) a drinking vessel representing merry-making（代表行乐的）酒碗：As the bowl passes， let＇s drink to the lasses （＝ girls）.我们传着酒碗， 为各位小姐干杯吧．4［C］anything in the shapeof a bowl 碗状物：The bowl of a pipe（for smoking） is usually rounded.烟斗的斗通常是圆的.

tureen/tju'ri:n/ [C] a large deep dish with a lid, from which soup is served at table（盛汤用的） 有盖大汤碗

crockery /'krpkəri/ [U] cups, plates, pots, etc, esp made from baked earth （earthenware）陶器；瓦器（杯、碟、盘、壶等）

H173 nouns 名词： containers relating to making drinks［C］制备饮料的容器

teapot /'ti:,ppt/ a container in which tea is made and served 茶壶

coffeepot/'kpfi,ppt/ a container in which cof-fee is made and served 咖啡壶

urn/3:n/ a very large metal container in which large quantities of tea or coffee may be heated and kept（金属制）大茶壶；大咖啡壶

H174 nouns 名词：pots and pans 壶与锅

pot/pot/[C often in comb] any of several kinds of round vessel in baked clay, metal,glass,etc, with or without a handle, cover, etc, made to contain liquids or solids， esp for cooking 罐； 锅；壶：She put the pot on the cooker.她把锅放在灶上.He opened a fresh pot of paint.他又打开了一罐油漆.She put the plant in another pot. 她把这株植物栽在另一个盆里.That＇s a niceteapot.那个茶壶很精致.The woman put the cooking pot on the fire.女人把锅放在炉火上.

H176 CONTAINERS 容器

kettle /'ketal/ [C] a usu metal pot with a lid,a handle, and a spout(= a narrow curved mouth for pouring), used mainly for boiling or heating-water（烧水用的）水壶：Put the kettle on (= start heating the kettle);I'd like a cup of tea.烧壶水吧，我想喝杯茶.

pan /pæn/ [C] 1 any of various kinds of container, usu with one long handle, used esp in cooking, often wide, not very deep, made of metal， and often without a cover（浅而长柄无盖的）平底锅；平锅：Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle.锅通常有两个短柄，而平锅只有一个长柄．2 the bowl of a water closet［→D41］马桶（盥洗室里抽水马桶的盆状部分）3 either ofthetwo dishes on a small weighing machine [ H125］天平盘；秤盘

saucepan /'sois,pæn/ [C] a deep usu round metal cooking pot with a lid and a handle（见753页彩图）长柄有盖的深平底锅

pots and pans [P]kitchen utensils ［H三］ generally 厨房用具（总称）

H175 nouns 名词： barrels and drums ［C］ 桶类

barrel /'bærəl/1 a wooden or metal container with usu curved sides and flat top and bottom （木或金属制而通常中间鼓起的）桶；琵琶桶2 also又作 barrelful the amount of liquid，etc，held in a barrel一桶之量

cask /ka:sk/ 1 a usu wooden barrel-shaped container for holding and storing liquids （装液体的）桶；木桶2 the amount of liquid held in a cask一桶之量：You get 50 bottles of wine from one cask.一桶酒可以装五十瓶.

keg／keg／a small barrel 小桶

vat /væt/ a very large barrel or container for holding liquids such as beer, whisky, dye,etc, esp when they are being made（酿酒、染色等用的）大桶；大缸

butt／bat／a large barrel for holding liquids （盛液体的）大桶：The rain water falls and is col-lected in rain butts beside the house.雨水落下来，被收集在屋旁的大桶里.

drum/dram/ a large container for liquids in the shape of a drum（鼓形）圆桶：They rolled the oil drum down the hill.他们把油桶滚到山下去.

H176 nouns 名词：buckets［C］水桶类

bucket

水桶

bucket/'bakit/1 a type of container for liquids 水桶 2 also 又作 bucketful the amount of liquid，etc，held in a bucket 一桶之量

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H177 CONTAINERS 容器

pail /peil/1 a usu round open vessel of metal or wood,with handles, used for carrying liquids; a large bucket（大）水桶；提桶2also 又作 pail-ful the amount （of liquid） held in a pail 一桶之量：How many pails of wate will we need to fill this bath？我们需要多少桶水才能灌满这澡盆？tub/tab/1 a.large round, usu wooden vesselfor

packing，storing， washing，etc 盆；桶2 infml the container in which one takes a bath 浴盆； 浴缸3 also 又作 tubful the amount of liquid， etc held，in a tub一盆之量

bin /bmn/ a large container, usu with a lid, for liquids，water，etc（盛水或液体而带盖的）桶；箱

dustbin /'dast,bin/ BrE, trashcan /'træf,kæn/, garbage can/'ga:bid3 ,kæn/ AmE [C] a con-tainer for putting rubbish in 垃圾箱（桶）

H177 nouns 名词：baskets 篮子类

basket

篮子

basket /'ba:skit/ [C] 1 a usu light container which is made of bent sticks or other such material used for carrying things 篮；篓；筐：Put everything in my shopping basket， please.请把所有的东西都放进我的购物篮里．2 also 又作basketful the amount of anything held in a basket 一篮（或一篓、一筐）之量：Severalbaskets of fruit were eaten at the party.聚会上吃掉了好儿筐水果.

pannier /'pænıə/ [C] a basket, esp a either of a pair carried by a horse or donkey or on a bicycle（见939页彩图）（挂在马、驴或自行车两侧的）驮篮 b one used to carry a load on aperson＇s back 背篓

wicker(work) /'wikə(w3:k)/ [U](an example of) the art of weaving twigs, etc, together to make baskets， etc 柳条编织术；柳条制品：Hemade a wicker basket.他编了一个柳条篮子.Sheis good at wickerwork.她擅长柳条编织.

holds一箱之量：He drank a case of beer？--No wonder he was drunk！他喝了一箱啤酒吗？-难怪他醉了！3 a box or container for holding and protecting something 盒子；外壳；罩子；套子：Her watch came in a small case to stop it getting broken.她的表买来时装在一个小盒子里，以防损坏.casket /'ka:skit/ a small, usu ornamental box for holding jewels, letters, and other small valuables（收藏珠宝、信件及其他贵重物品的）小匣子；首饰盒

chest /tfest/ a large wooden box for storing things，usu kept on the floor of a room 大木箱； 柜子

trunk /trank/ a large chest; a large box for carrying or sending clothes, etc, from place to place（旅行用的）大衣箱；大皮箱

crate ／kreit／ also 又作 packing case a large strong roughly made wooden box in which heavy articles are packed to be stored or sent elsewhere 大板条箱

container /kən'temə/ tech a very large, usu metal box in which goods are packed to make lifting them onto or off ships, trains, etc,easy 货柜；集装箱

cage/keid3/1 a boxlike framework of wires or bars in which animals or birds may be kept or carried 笼；鸟笼；兽笼：The door of the bird cage was open and the bird had gone.鸟笼的门开着，鸟已经飞走了．2 an enclosure which hasthe form or purpose of such a framework 笼形围栏；用作笼的围栏3 a framework in whichmen and apparatus are raised to or lowered from the surface of a mine（矿井中载人及工具用的）升降车；罐笼

drawer /dro:/ a container like a box which slides in and out of pieces of furniture such as tables，cupboards，etc 抽屉：The cupboard had two drawers at the side for smaller pieces of clothing.橱的边上有两个小抽屉，可装小件衣服.

sheath /ji:0/1 a closefitting case for a knife or sword blade or the sharp part of a tool（刀、剑等的）鞘；（尖锐工具的）套；护套 2 a part of aplant, animal organ, or machine that acts as a covering like this（动植物或机器的）鞘状包覆物

H179 nouns 名词：kinds of smaller cases for travelling ［C］小旅行箱类[ALSO→H184-185]

H178 nouns 名词：boxes，cases，and cages［C］盒、箱、笼类

box/bpks/1 [often in comb] a container for solids, usu with stiff sides and often with a lid 盒；箱：He picked up the wooden／metal box.他拿起那只木／金属盒子.The new shoes were inthe shoe box．新鞋在鞋盒里．2 aso 又作 boxfulthe contents of a box 一箱（或一盒）之量；一箱（或一盒）之物

case/keis/1 a large box in which goods can be stored or moved 箱子：He opened the packing case．他打开了包装箱．2 the amount such a box

suitcase/'su:t,keis/ a flat case, usu with stiff sides,for carrying clothes and possessions, esp when travelling（尤指旅行用的）小提箱；衣箱

briefcase /'briif,keis/ a flat, usu soft leather case for carrying papers or books,which opens at the top（扁平的）公事皮包；书包

attaché case a thin hard case with a handle for carrying papers 公文包

H180 nouns 名词：tins and tubes［C］罐与管

tin /tin/ esp BrE a usu small round metal con-

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tainer without air, with a top that can be opened with a special tool (a tin opener), used for preserving various kinds of soup, etc until wanted 罐头：He opened a tin of soup.他开了一罐汤.

can／kæn／1 esp AmE a tin 罐头：He opened a can of soup． 他开了一罐汤． 2 a usu roundmetal container with an open top or remov-able lid and sometimes with handles used for holding milk， coffee，waste，ashes，etc（盛物的） 罐；（盛液体的）壶；（垃圾）筒

tin can a tin or can, esp when empty and no longer wanted（空）罐头筒：The dirty street was full of old papers and tin cans.肮脏的街上到处都是废纸和罐头筒.

tube of toothpaste

管装牙膏

tube /tju:b/ a small container made of soft metal with a top that screws ［→H148］on 管； 软管：She bought a tube of toothpaste／glue.她买了一管牙膏／胶水.

H181 nouns 名词：packages and capsules［C］包、盒类

package /'pækid3/1 an amount or a number of things packed together 包裹；包；捆：He carried a large package of books under his arm.他胳膊底下挟着一大捆书．2 the container of thesethings 包装物：The package got torn on the way to the station.包裹箱在运往车站的途中撞破了. Postal packages cost a lot to send now-adays.现在寄邮包费用很贵.

packet /'pækit/ a small package; a number of small things tied or put together into a small box，case，or bag 小包；小捆；小盒： Sugar is sold in large and small packets.糖是以大包和小包出售的.She bought a packet of envelopes at the shop.她在商店里买了一扎信封.

pack／pæk／AmE a packet 小包；小盒：He bought a pack of cigarettes.他买了一包香烟.

carton /'ka:tn/ a box made from stiff paper （cardboard） used for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）

capsule/'kæpsju:l/1 a very small, usu rounded case 小圆盒 2 a small case for a measured amount of medicine，to be swallowed（装药物的）胶囊3 tech the seed container for a plant （植物种子的）蒴；荚

H182 nouns 名词： parcels and bundles

［C］包、捆类

parcel ／＇pa：sal／ also 又作 esp AmE package

H184 CONTAINERS 容器

/'pækid3/a thing or things wrapped in paper and tied or fastened in some other way for easy carrying，posting，etc 包裹：I＇m just going to take this parcel to the post office.我正要把这个包裹送去邮局.A parcel has just come，addressed to you.刚送来一个寄给你的包裹.

bundle /'bandl/ a number of articles fastened or held together， usu across the middle 捆；束： She was carrying a bundle of clothes.她抱着一捆衣服.

sheaf/ji:f/1 a handful or more of long or thin things laid or tied together 束；扎：The speaker had a sheaf of notes on the desk in front of him．讲演人在他面前的桌子上放着一叠讲稿．2 anarmful of grain plants tied together, esp to stand up in a field to dry after gathering（收割后放在地里晒干的谷物的）捆

bale /beil/ a quantity of cloth, grass,paper,etc, tied together, esp to be carried by ship, rail, road，etc（货运的）大包；大捆：How many bales of cloth do you need？你需要多少包布？

H183 nouns 名词：bags and purses［C］ 提包类

[ALSO→D154]

bag /bæg/ a container made of soft material such as cloth,paper,or leather, opening at the top 袋子；手提包：Put the books in this plasticlpaper bag.把书放在塑料／纸袋里.

sack /sæk/1 a large bag, usu of strong cloth or leather, used for storing or moving flour, fruit, grain，etc 大口袋；粗布袋；麻袋；皮袋2 also 又作sackful the amount held in one of these 一袋之量 3 esp AmE a bag of strong， usu brown paper with a flat bottom, such as large food shops give to people for carrying away the food they have bought（食物店等商店给顾客装所购物品的）牛皮纸大纸袋：She filled her grocerysack.她装满了食品袋.

pouch /pautf/ 1 a small soft bag, often of leather（皮制的）小袋；小包2 a baglike fold of skin inside each cheek in certain animals, in which they carry and store food（某些动物的） 颊袋 3 a kind of pocket of skin in the lower part of the body in which certain animals （marsupials→A32） carry their young（袋鼠等有袋类动物雌体腹部的）育儿袋；肚囊.

carrier bag BrE a cheap, usu plastic bag for carrying goods away from a shop（装载所购物品的廉价）塑料袋

H184 nouns 名词：packs and kitbags ［C］ 包、袋类

pack/pæk/ a number of things wrapped or tied together, or put in a case, esp for carrying on the back by a person or animal 包；捆； 包裹：In former times, goods were usually carried in packs on the backs of animals.从前货物通常捆

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H185 CONTAINERS 容器

成包由牲口驮运.The climber carried some food in a pack on his back.登山者背着装有食物的背包.

knapsack /'næp,sæk/ a bag of strong cloth or leather, used for holding necessary articles and carried on the back by soldiers, travellers, etc（军用或旅行用帆布或皮制）背包

rucksack /'rak,sæk/ a bag carried on the back or shoulders when walking, esp to hold necessary food and clothing, esp with a metal frame（步行时装食物、衣物的）背囊

haversack /'hævə,sæk/ a usu smaller rucksack, esp without a metal frame 小帆布背囊；干粮袋

holdall /'həuld-o:l/ a large simply-made bag of strong cloth, usu with two handles, for carry-ing clothes，etc（装衣物等的）帆布提包：He puteverything in a holdall and left.他把一切东西都装进帆布包就走了.

satchel /'sætfəl/a·small bag of strong cloth or leather, usu with a band for carrying over the shoulder（皮或帆布的）书包；挎包：He carried his books in a school satchel.他用书包装书.

kitbag/'kitbæg/ a long narrow bag used by soldiers, sailors, etc, for carrying their kit,esp carried on one shoulder, with strings to pull it closed at the top（士兵、海员等装用具的）长形帆布袋

duffel bag/'dafal bæg/ a round, usu long bag made of heavy cloth, for carrying clothes and other belongings on a journey, with strings to pull it closed at the top（长圆形）行李袋

H185 nouns 名词：luggage and kit ［U］行

李与装备 [ALSO→H179]

luggage /'lagid3/ esp BrE all the bags and other containers with which a person travels 行李

baggage／＇bægid3／ 1 esp AmE luggage 行李 2 tents, beds, etc esp of an army, which they take with them（军事）辎重（如帐篷、床等）

kit/kit/ esp BrE (the clothes and other) articles needed and carried by a soldier, sailor, etc, or carried by a traveller（士兵、海员或旅行者携带的）全部装备：Don＇t lose any of your kit.不要遗失你的行装.

H186 nouns 名词：covers， lids， and corks［C］盖与塞

cover/'kavə/ something placed on top of another thing, esp a container, food,etc, to cover it 盖子；套子；罩子

lid/lrd/the piece that covers the open top of a vessel, box, or other container and that lifts up or can be removed（壶、箱等容器的）盖子

cap /kpp/ a protective covering which is placed over the top of a container（帽形的）盖子：Put the cap back on the bottle.把瓶盖再盖上.

top/tap/ a lid orcap for the top of a container, esp a bottle（瓶子等容器的）盖；顶盖

cork/ko:k/1 a round piece of cork fixed into the neck of a bottle to close it tightly 软木瓶塞2 an object like this made from rubber or plastic（橡胶或塑料制的）瓶塞stopper /'stppə/ an object, esp a cork, that fits

into the neck of a bottle and stops esp a liquid getting out 塞子；（尤指）瓶塞

H187 verbs 动词：putting things in

containers，etc ［Wv5；T1］把东西装入容器等

bottle /'bptl/1 to put into one or more bottles 把···装瓶；灌瓶：They bottle the wine them-selves．他们自己把酒装瓶．2 to preserve inbottles，as by heating 把···装瓶储藏（如通过加热）：She makes her own bottled fruit.她自制瓶装水果.

cork/ko:k/ to close (the neck of a bottle or other object）tightly with a cork 塞住；塞紧（瓶口等）

pot/ppt/ to put (a young plant) in a pot filled with earth 把···栽在花盆里

box／bpks／ to put in one or more boxes 把···装箱：The oranges were boxed and sent off quickly.橙子装箱后，很快就运走.

crate／kreit／to put in a crate 把···装在板条箱：The fruit was crated and sent off.水果装箱后送走了.case／keis／to enclose or cover with a case 把··· 装入箱内；装入容器内：Have you cased all thepaintings？你把画都装进箱了吗？

tin/tmn/ BrE,can/kæn/ AmE to preserve (food) by putting in a closed metal container without air 把···装罐；用···制罐：She eats a lot of tinned meat.她常吃罐头肉.

cage／keid3／ to put into a cage 把···装入笼内： She doesn＇t like seeing caged birds.她不喜欢看关在笼中的鸟.

package /'pækid3/1 [(up)] to make into or tie up as a package 把···打包；包装：Would you please package these bags so that they can be more easily carried？请你把这些袋子打成一包，以便携带，好吗？She packaged up the old clothes and put them in the cupboard.她把旧衣服包起来放入壁橱里．2 to place（food，etc） in a special package before selling to the public 把（食品等）放在特制的包装里（然后出售）：Most foodshops sell packged foods now.现在大多数食品店出售包装食品.

parcel／＇pa：səl／ ［（up）］ to make into a parcel 打包；捆扎；包成包裹：Ask the shopkeeper to parcel（up） these goods for you.让店主把这些东西给你捆起来.

bundle /'bandl/ [(together)] to put or make into a bundle 捆扎；把···打成捆；把···堆在一起：Shebundled her clothes together and put some string around them.她把衣服堆在一起，用绳子捆起来.

pack／pæk／1 ［also 又作 D1；I］ to put （things， esp one's belongings) into cases, boxes,etc, for travelling or storing 捆扎；包装；把打包（或装箱等）；整理行装；打点行李：Let＇s pack some foodand go out for the day.我们带些食物，出去

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玩一天吧.He ate a packed lunch.他吃了整盒带

去的午餐.You can pack some of your clothes

in my case if you like.要是你愿意的话，可以把一

部分衣服放在我的箱子里.She packed her hus-

band some eggs for his dinner.她给丈夫包了几

个鸡蛋作晚餐.We leave tomorrow but I haven＇t

begun to pack yet！我们明天就要动身，可我还没

开始收拾行李呢！2［X9；L9］ to fit，crush，or

push into a space 挤进；塞满；装满：If you pack

those things down we can get a little more in

the box.如果你把那些东西压紧些，箱子里就可以多

装点东西.The railwaymen were packing the

people into the train like animals.列车员把乘

客像牲口一样往车厢里塞.The moment the door

was opened, people began to pack into the

hall.门一打开，人们就拥进大厅内.The speaker

spoke to a packed hall.演讲人向挤满大厅的听众

讲话．3［X9；IØ］ to settle or be driven closely

together or into a mass 使···聚集一起；群集：The

wind packed the snow against the side of the

house.风把雪花吹积在房子的一边.The sea is

very dangerous when the ice begins to pack in

this way.当浮冰如此挤轧成堆时，大海是很危险的.

4 [L9] to be suitable for easy putting into

cases，boxes，etc 易于包装：These bottles pack

easily,but the others do not, because of their

shape.这些瓶子容易包装，但其余的瓶子由于它们

的形状就不好包装了．5 to prepare and put

(food) into tins or other containers for pre-

serving or selling in shops 把（食品等）装罐：

They intend to build a factory here for pack-

ing the fruit that grows locally.他们打算在这里

修建一座工厂，把当地出产的水果制成罐头．6 to

cover, fill, or surround closely with a protec-

tive material 填塞（空隙、漏缝等）；把···包（或垫）

起来：These pipes should be packed， to prevent

them from leaking.这些管子应填塞起来以防渗

漏.Pack some paper round the dishes in the

box so that they will not break.箱子里的盘子周

围垫上些纸，就不会打碎了.

cover/'kavə/ to place or spread something over (something), esp a parcel or to make a parcel 盖；覆盖；包（包裹等）：He covered the books with paper. 他用纸给书包了封面.Have youanything to cover these things with？ 你有什么可包这些东西的吗？

sheathe／ji：ð／1 to put into a sheath 把···插入鞘： He sheathed his sword． 他把剑插入鞘内．2[(with, in)] to enclose in a protective outer cover 包；覆盖

Electricity and electrical

equipment

电与电器设备

H200 nouns 名词：electricity，etc［U］电等

electricity /I,lek'trisəti/ 1 the power that is produced by rubbing (friction)or by chemi-

H201 ELECTRICITY 电

cal means (a battery) or by a machine called a generator and which gives heat, light, and sound and drives machines 电 2 electric cur-rent 电流：They turned off the electricity in the house when they left.他们离开房子时把电源切断了.

electronics /r,lek'trpniks/ 1 the branch of sci-ence that deals with the behaviour of elec-trons［■H5］电子学2 the branch of industry that manufactures such products as radio, television, and recording apparatus, whose operation depends on the behaviour of elec-trons 电子工业：The electronics industry is growing very fast.电子工业发展非常迅速.He isin electronics.他是搞电子工业的.

magnetism /'mægnətizəm/1 the science deal-ing with the qualities of a magnet ［→H122］磁学2 the quality of strong magnetic attraction 磁；磁力；磁性3（fig）strong personal charm； the power to attract people，etc 魅力；吸引力： She has great personal magnetism.她很有魅力.

H201 adjectives 形容词：relating to electricity，etc［Wa5；B］有关电的等

electric /r'lektrik/ precise & tech 1 (of ma-chines） producing electricity（指机器）发电的： They have an electric generator [→H114] which uses oil and makes all the electricity for the farm.他们有一台柴油发电机，发电供农场使用.2 worked by electricity 电动的：We have an electric clock and an electric fire.我们有电钟和电炉.She uses an electric iron to press her clothes．她用电熨斗烫衣服．3 being electricity 电的；是电的：The wire carries an electric current／ charge.电线传送电流／电荷.（fig） His exciting speech had an electric effect upon all the listeners.他那动人的演说让全体听众感到极为振奋.

electrical /r'lektrikal/ genl concerned with elec-tricity 电的；与电有关的：An electrical engineer works with many sorts of electrical apparatus. 电机工程师接触许多种电气设备.

USAGE［用法说明］Anything directly worked by or producing electricity is electric 任何直接用电的或产生电的东西都用 electric： an electricclock／shock／light／generator 电钟／电击／电灯／发电机 Otherwise，the word is electrical，which is a more general expression, used of people and their work or of things 其他场合用 electri-cal，它的用途更广泛，可指人、工作或事物：anelectrical engineer/an electrical apparatus/ an electrical fault in the system 电机工程师／电气设备／系统中的电气故障

electronic /I,lek'trpnik/ 1 connected with electrons［■H5］电子的；与电子有关的2connected with any apparatus that works by electronics 电子仪器的；电子操纵的3（of music）produced by means of electronics（指音乐）靠电子产生的

magnetic /mæg'netık/ having the qualities of a magnet［■H122］磁的；磁性的：The iron has

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H202 ELECTRICITY 电

lost its magnetic force.这块铁已失去磁力.（fig） He has a very magnetic personality;he at-tracts almost everybody he meets.他的个性很有魅力，见到的人几乎都被他吸引.

H202 nouns 名词：flow，current，and charges ［C；U］电流与电荷

起摩擦能产生热.Our electricity comes from a new generating station.我们的电由一座新发电站供给.generation ［U］ the act of generating electricity，etc 发电（等）

H204 nouns 名词：technical terms in electricity［U］关于电流的术语

flow /fləu/ the movement of electricity, esp along a wire 电（沿导线）的流动；电流

current/'karənt/the (rate of) flow of electricity past a fixed point, measured in amp(ere)s ［H207］电流；电流强度 direct current (abbrev DC) electric current that flows in one direction only 直流（电）alternating current (abbrev AC) electric current which flows in one direction then in the opposite direction and so on at regular short intervals of time 交流（电）

input/'in,pot/ an electrical current put in (to any machine，system，etc）输入电流

output/'aut,put/electric current coming out (of any machine，system，etc）输出电流

charge /tfa:d3/ (a quantity of) electricity put into a battery [→H208] or other electrical apparatus 电荷（量）；电负荷（量）：The charge was too great for the fine wire, which melted as a result.这细电线的电负荷量过大，结果熔化了.discharge /drs'tfa:d3/ electricity which is dis-

charged ［■H203］放电：There was a sudden discharge (of electricity),but no one was hurt. 突然发生了放电，但没有伤人.

H203 verbs 动词：relating to electricity 与电有关的

flow/fləu/[IØ](of electricity) to move in one direction，esp along a wire（电）流动（尤指沿导线）

charge/tfa:d3/ [Wv5 (with); T1; IØ] to (cause to) take in the correct amount of electricity 给...充电；（使...）带电：He charged the battery （with electricity）.他给电池充了电.Does the battery［H208］charge easily？这电池容易充电吗？

discharge /drs'tfa:d3/1[IØ] (of an electrical apparatus） to send out （electricity）（指电气设备）放电2［T1］to remove electricity from （an electrical apparatus）使电（从电气设备）放出

conduct/kən'dakt/[T1; IØ] to act as the path for （electricity，heat，etc）传导；传（热、电等）： Copper conducts electricity well.铜的导电性能好.Plastic doesn＇t conduct.塑料不导电.con-ductor [C] a substance or object that conducts electricity，heat，sound etc 导体；导线：Ironis a good conductor of electricity and heat.铁是电和热的优良导体.

generate /'genə,reit/ [Wv4; T1] to produce （electricity or heat）产生（电或热）：Two sur-faces rubbing together generate heat.两个面一

conduction /kən'dakfən/ the passage of elec-tricity along a wire（电流的）传导

conductance /kən'daktəns/ the ability of a conductor to carry electricity（电流的）传导性； 导电性

resistance/rI'zistəns/the power of a substance to resist (= to stop) an electric current passing through it 电阻： Copper has less resistance to electricity than lead.铜的电阻比铅的电阻小.[ALSO →H207 voLT] resistor [C] a piece of wire or other material used for increasing electrical resistance 电阻器

inductance /m'daktəns/ the causing of move-ment electrically by a change in the current 电感

induction /in'dakfən/ the production of eec-tricity in one object by another which already has electrical or magnetic power（电或磁的）感应；感应现象

capacitance /kə'pæsətəns/ the ability of a non-conductor to store electricity 电容；电容量

H205 nouns，etc 名词等：electrical poles， etc［C］电极等

earth/3:0/ BrE ground/graund/AmE 1[(the) C usu sing] the wire which connects a pieceof electrical apparatus to the ground 地线2［T1］ to connect (a piece of electrical apparatus) to the ground 给···接地线：The radio ought to be properly earthed.应该给收音机接好地线.

pole/pəul/1 either of the points at the ends of a magnet [→H122]where its power of pulling iron towards itself is greatest 极（点）；磁极2 either of the two points at which wires may be fixed onto a battery [→H208] in order to use that electricity 电极

anode /'ænəud/ tech the part of an electrical instrument,such as a battery, which collects electrons [→H5], often a rod or wire, shown as（＋）阳极；正电极（符号是“＋”）

positive pole 1 an anode 正极；阳极2 thé end of a magnet which naturally turns towards the earth（磁体的）指北极；正磁极

cathode/'kæθəud/ tech the part of an electri-cal instrument, such as a battery, from which electrons leave, often a rod or wire, shown as （一）阴极；负电极（符号是“-”）

negative pole 1 a cathode 阴极；负电极 2 theend of a magnet which naturally turns away from the earth（磁体的）指南极；负磁极

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H206 adjectives 形容词：positive， negative，and live［Wa5；B］正的、负的与通电的

positive /'ppzətiv/(of or in electricity) of the type that is produced by rubbing glass with silk, caused by a lack of electrons[→H5] and has the sign（＋）正的；阳性的（符号是“＋”）

negative/'negətiv/ (of or in electricity) of the type caused by more than enough electrons and has the sign（-）负的；阴性的（符号是“-”）

live／larv／ carrying an electric current 通上电的； 带电的：Don＇t touch that wire；it＇s live.别碰那根电线，它有电.

H207 nouns 名词：standard units of

electricity［C］电的标准单位

amp/æmp/the standard measure of the quan-tity of electricity that is flowing past a point 安培（电流强度单位）：From the main electricity system in a house which might have a current of 30 amps, you could run smaller systems of 2 amps， 5 amps， 15 amps，etc．家中电源的电流强度如果是三十安培，那么你可使用二安培、五安培、十五安培等电流强度较小的电路装置.

ampere／＇æmpeə／ fml an amp 安培 amperage [U] the strength ofan electric current mea-sured in amps, as in an electricity system or as used by an electrical instrument 电流强度；安培数

volt /vəult/ (a standard measure of electrical force used in causing a flow along wires, equal to) the amount needed to produce one amp ·of electrical current where the resistance [→H204] of the conductor [→H203] is one ohm 伏特；伏（电压单位）voltage ［U］electrical force measured in volts 电压；伏特数

ohm／əum／ a measure of electrical resistance 欧姆（电阻单位）

watt／wpt／a measure of electrical power 瓦特；瓦（电的功率单位）：A kilowatt is a thousand watts．一瓩就是一千瓦（特）．He used a 30-wattbulb.他用三十瓦的灯泡.wattage［U］electrical power in watts 瓦（特）数：This electrical ap-paratus has a wattage of 3 kilowatts．这件电器的瓦数是三千瓦.

H208 nouns 名词：wires， circuits，and

fuses，etc 电线、电路与保险丝等

[ALSO→N323]

wire /warə/ [C; U] a long thread of metal used for carrying electricity 电线；导线：Make sure the wires are not touching each other.务必不要让这些电线互相接触.Usually wires arecovered with plastic so that people won't get a shock from them.电线通常用塑料包裹，这样人们就不会触电.

H209 ELECTRICITY 电

wiring/'wari/ [U] the arrangement or quality of the wired electrical system in a building 配线；接线；布线：This old wiring must be changed soon；it is dangerous.这旧的电线线路应该立即换掉：它现在很危险.

lead/li:d/[C] an electric wire for taking power from the supply point to an instrument，etc 导线；引线

circuit /'s3:kit/ [C] the complete path of an electric current 电路；回路：A break in the circuit had caused the lights to go out.电路中断使电灯都灭了.

printed circuit [C] a set of connections be-tween points in an electrical apparatus made by means of putting onto a surface a continu-ous line of a substance that will carry elec-tricity 印刷电路

load /ləud/[C] the power of an electricity sup-ply; how much electricity the wiring of a ma-chine，place，etc，can carry 发电量；（机器等电线的）载荷；负载

shock/fok/[C;U] the sudden violent effect of electricity passing through the body（电流通过身体引起的）电震；电击：The wire is coveredwith plastic to prevent shock.电线用塑料包裹以防发生电击.You＇ll get a bad shock if you touch the bare wire.如果你触摸裸露的电线就会受到强烈的电击.

fuse /fju:z/ 1 [C] a (small container with a) short piece of wire placed in an electric apparatus or in an electric system,which melts if too much electric power passes through it, and thus breaks the connection and prevents fires or other damage 保险丝；熔丝；保险盒：A fuse has blown （＝ been destroyed by melting), causing the lights to fail．一根保险丝烧断了，电灯都灭了．2［S］infml afailure of electric power, due to the melting of one of these（因保险丝熔断而）断电：The lightsat the end of the house have gone out;has there been a fuse somewhere？房子那头的电灯熄灭了；是什么地方的保险丝烧断了吧？

fuse box [C] a box that contains a setof fuses for the electrical system in a house, vehicle, etc保险盒；闸盒

fuse wire [U] special thin,easily-melted wire used for making fuses 作保险丝用的易熔金属丝

cell /sel/ [C] an apparatus for producing elec-tricityby chemical action 电池；干电池

battery/'bætəri/ [C] a piece of apparatus for producing electricity, consisting of a group of connected electric cells 电池（组）；电瓶

transformer /træns'formə/ [C] an apparatus that changes the voltage [→H207] of an alter-nating electric current［■H202］变压器

H209 verbs 动词：wires and fuses，etc 装电线与烧断电路等

[ALSO →N323 INSULATE]

wire /warə/ [T1 usu pass] to put electric wires in 给···安装电线：The house was wired years ago.

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H210 ELECTRICITY 电

这房子的电线是多年前安装的.The hall is nowwired for electricity／sound.大厅正在安装电线以便通电／扩音.

overload /,əuvə'ləud/ [T1] to cause to produce or use too much electricity（电力）过载；超负荷： Don't overload the electrical system by using too many machines at once.不要同时开动太多的机器，以免电力系统超载.

shock /Jok/ [T1 usu pass] to give an electric shock to 使···受电震；使···受电击：She gotshocked when she touched the bare wire.她碰到裸露的电线时，受到了电击.

fuse/fju:z/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) stop working owing to the failure of a fuse 因保险丝烧断而断电；使烧断保险丝而断电：If you connect all theseapparatuses to the electricity supply at one place， you＇ll fuse all the lights.如果把所有这些电器都接在同一处电源上，所有的灯便会断电熄灭.All the lights have fused; the whole place is in darkness.保险丝烧断，所有的电灯都灭了；整个地区一片漆黑.

H210 nouns 名词：switches，plugs，and sockets［C］开关、插头与插座

switch /switf a small apparatus for turning electric current on and off 开关；电闸：Where are the switches in this room on this ma-chine？屋里这台机器的开关在哪儿？

plug /plag/ a small plastic object with two or three metal pins, the pins being pushed into a power point to obtain power for a movable apparatus 插头

socket／＇spkit／also 又作 （power）point／（＇pavə） point/the part that forms a holder into which a plug can fit so that electricity can pass 插座：Put the plug in the socket.把插头插入插座.How many power points are there in this room？这屋里有几个插座？

adapter, -or /ə'dæptə/ a plug that makes it possible to use more than one piece of electri-cal equipment at one time from one electrical supply point 转接器；转换插头；多用插头

overload /'əuvə,ləud/ [usu sing] the fact or amount of overloading 过载；超量负载；过载量：An overload of 30% can be bad for the elec-trical system.百分之三十的过载量会危害供电系统.

H211 verbs 动词：switches and plugs 接电源

switch on/off [v adv T1; IØ] to put (an electri-cal apparatus） on／off 开／关（电器）；接通／切断（电器的）电源：Switch（the radio）on，please.请打开收音机.He switched off because he didn＇t like the television programme.他关掉了电视，因为他不喜欢看那个节目.

plug in [v adv T1; IØ] to put the plug (of an elec-trical apparatus） in a socket（把···）插上插头以

接通电源：Plug in now.现在插上插头.Is theradio plugged in？收音机的插头插上了吗？

H212 nouns 名词：coils， valves，and transistors［C］线圈、电子管与晶体管

coil/korl/ an electrical apparatus madeby wind-ing wire into a continuous circular shape, used for carrying an electric current 线圈

valve／vælv／ also 又作 vacuum tube BrE，tube /tju:b/ AmE a closed glass tube with no air used for controlling a flow of electricity 电子管；真空管

transistor /træn'zistə/ 1 precise a small solid electrical apparatus, esp used in radios, tele-visions,etc, for controlling the flow of an elec-trical current 晶体管；电晶体2 loose also 又作transistor radio a radio that has these in-stead of valves 晶体管收音机；电晶体收音机

H213 nouns 名词：electric lights ［C］电灯

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light／lait／an electric lamp 电灯：Switch on the light，please.请打开电灯.The lights were out； there had been a fuse［→H208］．电灯熄灭了；保险丝烧断了.

fluorescent light/,fluə'resənt lait/a light which shines because of electricity which is passed through a tube covered with fluorescent material (= material which gives out a white light）荧光灯；日光灯

bulb /balb/ the glass part of an electric lamp that gives out light 电灯泡：We＇ll have to change the bulb; it has gone (= it has stopped giving light）.灯泡不亮了；我们得换上一个.

filament/'filəmənt/ the thin metal thread in an electric light，bulb，etc（电灯泡里的）灯丝

H214 nouns 名词：fittings for electric lights［C］电灯附件

shade /Jeid/ [often in comb] something that keeps out light or its full brightness 遮光物；灯罩：Put a lampshade over the lamp.给电灯加上个灯罩.

stand/stænd/[often in comb] a support for an electric light（电灯的）架；台：He knocked over

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the new lampstand.他碰倒了新灯架.

bracket /'brækit/ a piece of metal or wood put in a wall to support something， esp a lamp（壁灯的）托架；托座

Weapons

武器类

H230 nouns 名词：weapons and

armaments generally 武器与军备（总称）

[ALSO→C308-309]

weapon /'wepən/ [C] a tool for harming and killing in attack or defence 武器：He picked up a stone as a weapon to defend himself.他捡起一块石头作自卫武器.Swords and spears havelong been weapons of war.剑和矛早就是作战的武器.Both the USA and France have nuclear weapons.美国和法国都拥有核武器.

arms／a：mz／［P］genl weapons 武器：They picked up their arms as they went out to fight.他们拿起武器，出去交锋.Nuclear arms cause more damage than any other weapon.核武器造成的破坏比任何其他武器都厉害.bear arms to serveas a soldier 当兵；服兵役 lay down arms tostop fighting and yield； surrender 放下武器；停止战斗；投降 take up arms to get ready to fight with weapons 拿起武器；准备战斗 under arms（of soldiers） having weapons； armed（指士兵） 配备武器的；武装的：The country kept 50,000men under arms at all times.该国有常备军五万人．up in arms 1 having weapons and being ready to show disobedience to a government or other force 拿起武器随时准备反抗（政府等）；准备进行武装斗争2（fig）infml extremely angry and ready to argue， quarrel， or fight 愤怒抗议； 强烈反对：The women are up in arms over／about their low rate of pay.妇女不满低薪， 起而反抗.

firearms /'farəra:mz/ [P] genl guns [→H237] （各种）枪：What firearms do the soldiers have？ 这些士兵配备的是什么枪枝？

small arms [P] genl guns that can be carried by a person（个人能携带的）枪枝；轻武器

armament /'a:məmənt/ 1 [C often pl] a the arms and other fighting material of an army, navy，etc 武器；军备 b the weapons and defen-sive armour on a warship，aircraft，etc（军舰、飞机上的）.武器和装甲 c the total armed forcesof a country（一个国家的）全部武装力量2［U］the act of arming a country in preparaion for war 武装备战

ammunition /,æmju'nıfən/ [U] bullets, bombs, explosives， etc， esp if fired from a weapon 弹药：The soldiers said that they needed more ammunition; they would soon run out of (= have no more) ammunition and be unable to fight.士兵说他们需要更多的弹药；他们的弹药很快就会用尽，无法进行战斗.（fig）The mistakes of

H232 WEAPONS 武器

the ministers provided perfect ammunition for their political enemies.部长们的错误恰好成了他们政敌最好的攻击藉口.

ammo /'æməu/ [U] infml abbrev ammunition 弹药

arsenal /'a:sənal/ [C] 1 a government building where weapons and explosives are made or stored 兵工厂；军火库：The men attacked the arsenal in order to get weapons.这些人袭击军火库，企图夺取武器．2（fig）any large quantity of weapons 一批武器；大量的武器：The criminalshad a small arsenal of guns in the house.罪犯把一小批枪枝藏在这所房子里.

magazine/,mægə'zi:n/[C] a place where guns, ammunition，etc，are kept，esp on a ship（尤指船舰上的）军火库；弹药仓

H231 nouns 名词：kinds of swords ［C］各种刀剑

[ALSO→H140,H145]

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sword/so:d/a weapon like a long knife, having a long blade. and a handle 剑： There are a great many different kinds of swords.剑有多种多样.They fought with a sword and shield［→H232］．他们用剑和盾战斗．He drew his sword（from its scabbard） and attacked.他拔剑（出鞘）进行攻击.He hurt his sword-arm（＝the arm with which he carried his sword）.他持剑的手臂受了伤.

rapier /'reiprə/ a very light thin two-edged sword with a sharp point used for pushing (thrust-ing） into the body（双刃）轻剑

sabre BrE, saber AmE /'seibə/ a heavy military sword with a curved blade（弯刃的）马刀；军刀

claymore /'kleimo:/ a large two-edged sword used formerly esp in the Scottish Highlands （从前苏格兰人用的）双刃重剑

cutlass/'katləs/ a short sword with a slightly curved blade 弯刃短剑

bayonet/'berənit/ a long knife fixed to the end of a rifle（装在步枪上的）刺刀

scabbard /'skæbəd/ the case (sheath) for a sword（刀、剑的）鞘：He drew his sword from its scabbard.他从剑鞘中抽出剑来.

H232 nouns 名词：spears，etc［C］矛、枪等

[ALSO→H145]

spear /sprə/ a pole with a sharp point at one end used, esp formerly for throwing as a weap-

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H233 WEAPONS 武器

on 矛：枪；梭镖：The men carried spears.人们拿着长矛.

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shield/fi:ld/1 a broad piece of metal,wood or leather carried by soldiers, etc, esp in past times as a protection from arrows, blows, etc 盾；盾牌：The men had spears and shields.士兵手持长矛和盾牌.（fig）The Lord is our shield＇ （The Bible）.“上帝是我们的庇护者”《圣经》.Thepolice carried shields．警察带着盾牌．2a pro-tective cover, esp a plate on a machine to pro-tect the person running it from moving parts （尤指机器的）遮护板；挡板

javelin/'d3ævəlin/1 a light spear for throwing, now used mostly in sport 标枪2 ［the R］ the sport of throwing the javelin 掷标枪（运动）

lance /la:ns/1 a long spearlike weapon used by horsemen（骑兵用的）长矛2 a spear used to catch fish 鱼叉

pike /park/ a type of long-handled spear for-merly used by soldiers fighting on foot（从前士兵徒步战斗时用的）长矛；长枪

H233 nouns 名词：sticks and clubs ［C］ 棍棒

stick /strk/ a (usu) thin piece or rod of wood used as a weapon， tool，support，etc 棍；棒；杖： He beat the man with a stick.他用棍子打那人.club/klab/ a heavy wooden stick, thicker at one

end than the other, suitable for use as a weapon（一端较粗的）棍棒

cudgel／＇kad3əl／a short thick heavy club（短而重的）棍棒

nightstick /'nait,stik/ AmE a short thick sick often carried by policemen in the USA（美国警察用的）警棍

truncheon /'trantfən/ esp BrE a short stick carried as a weapon by policemen（短粗的）警棍

baton ／＇bætpn／1 a truncheon 警棍 2 a short stick showing that the person who carries it has some special office or rank（表示官职的）权杖；司令杖3 a short thin stick used by a leader of music (conductor) to show the beat of the music（乐队指挥用的）指挥棒4 a hollow tube

passed by one member of a team of runners to the next runner（接力赛用的）接力棒5 ahollow metal rod, usu with a ball at one end, used for show by the leader of a public ceremonial march（parade）（游行队伍的领队用的一端有圆球的）仪杖

H234 nouns 名词：bows and arrows ［C］ 弓与箭

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箭头

bow/bəu/ a piece of wood held in a curve by a tight string and used for shooting arrows 弓

arrow/'ærəu/1 a thin straight stick with a point at one end and usu feathers at the other that is shot in fighting or sport from a bow 箭；矢2 a sign like an arrow, such as →,→,used to show direction or the position of something 箭号（如→，→）

arrowhead /'ærəu,hed/ a pointed piece of stone or metal attached to the front end of an arrow 箭头；镞

H235 verbs 动词：using swords， spears， etc［T1］用剑、矛等刺

knife／naif／to drive a knife into（用刀）砍；劈；戳；

刺：The man knifed his enemy.那人用刀砍敌人.bayonet/'beiənit/ to drive a bayonet [→>H231] into 用刺刀刺：The soldiers bayoneted him.士兵用刺刀刺他.

spear /sprə/ to drive a spear into; catch with a spear 用矛刺；用鱼叉刺：The soldier speared him.士兵用矛刺他.He speared some fish.他用鱼叉叉了几条鱼.

impale／im＇perl／to catch on a spear，etc 刺穿；钉住：He impaled the fish.他叉住了那条鱼.

club／klab／ to beat or strike with a club 用棍棒打：He clubbed his wife to death.他用棍子打死了他的妻子.

H236 nouns 名词：slings and catapults

［C］弹弓类

sling /slig/ a length of cord with a piece of

594

leather in the middle, held at the ends and swung， for throwing stones with force 投石器； 投石环索：David killed Goliath with a stone from his sling.大卫用投石器甩石杀死了歌利亚.He killed Goliath with a slingstone.他用投石器甩出的石子杀死了歌利亚.

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catapult /'kætə,palt/1 a machine for throwing heavy stones, balls, etc, into the air, in former times used as a weapon for breaking defen-sive walls 抛石机（古代攻城时投掷大石头的器械）2 BrE a small Y-shaped stick with a rubber band fastened between the forks, used by children to shoot small stones at objects（儿童玩具）弹弓 3 a powerful apparatus for helping planes take off from a ship，etc（帮助飞机从船舰等起飞的）弹射器

slingshot／＇slin，fot／AmE a catapult（def2）弹弓

H237 nouns 名词：guns and handguns ［C］枪与手枪

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gun /gan/1 a weapon from which bullets or larger metal objects are fired through a barrel 炮；枪：He fired the gun at them.他向他们开枪.2 BrE (in hunting parties) a person carrying a gun（狩猎队中的）狩猎枪手：There were tenguns in the party．狩猎队中有十名枪手．3 a toolwhich forces out and spreads a substance by pressure 喷枪；喷雾器

handgun /'hænd,gan/ any small gun held in one hand while firing, not raised against the shoulder 手枪

pistol ／＇pistəl／ a type of handgun（一种）手枪

revolver /ri'volvə/ a type of pistol containing several shots each in a part of the barrel (chamber) that turns round (revolves) after each shot is fired, so that one need not reload every time 左轮手枪

automatic /o:tə'mætik/ a weapon, esp a pistol, etc, which can fire many bullets quickly, one

H239 WEAPONS 武器

after another（能连续发射的）自动武器（尤指自动手枪）

H238 nouns 名词：rifles and shotguns 步枪与霰弹枪

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散弹枪

rifle/'raifəl/ [C] a type of esp military gun fired from the shoulder, with a long barrel specially shaped (rifled) inside to make the bullet go in a straight line（见H240插图）步枪；来复枪

musket／＇maskit／［C］ an early type of gun 滑膛枪；旧式步枪

shotgun /'fot,gan/ [C] a gun fired from the shoulder, which is smooth inside its one or usu two barrels, and shoots a quantity of small metal balls (shot) together for a short distance（发射铅弹的）霰弹枪；（双筒）猎枪

-bore /-bo:/ [comb form] a measurement of the width of the hollow inside a gunbarrel（枪、炮等的）口径：He had a 12-bore shotgun．他有一枝12毫米口径的猎枪．These are all small-bore guns.这些全是小口径枪枝.

H239 nouns 名词：cannons and field guns 加农炮与野战炮

cannon/'kænən/[Wn2; C] a big gun fixed to the ground or onto a usu two-wheeled carriage 大炮；加农炮：The general decided to use cannon against the enemy.将军决定用大炮对付敌人.In this castle are cannons from the 15th century．这座城堡里有一些十五世纪的大炮．

mortar /'mo:tə/ [C] a type of heavy gun with a short barrel, firing an explosive that rises to a great height and then falls 迫击炮；白炮

machinegun /mə'fi:n,gan/ [C] a quick-firing gun, often supported on legs, which fires continuously as long as the trigger is pulled 机关枪

field gun ［C］ a light gun with wheels 野战炮antiaircraft gun [C] a gun directed against enemy aircraft 高射炮

battery /'bætəri/1 [GC] a number of big guns, together with the men and officers who serve them; a set of guns mounted in a warship or in a fort 炮兵连；（舰艇或要塞的）炮组2［C］（fig）a number of things of the same kind with which a person must deal（器具等的）一套；一组：He faced a battery of newspaper cameras／ of questions.他面对着众多的新闻摄影机／一连串的问题.

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H240 WEAPONS 武器

H240 nouns 名词：parts of guns［C］枪炮部件

[ALSO → pictures at H237-8]

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barrel /'bærəl/ a tubelike part of a gun that serves as a container along which bullets, shells，etc，can travel 枪管；炮管

clip/kli/ a container in or fastened to a gun from which bullets and explosives can be rapidly passed into the gun for firing through the barrel 弹夹

breech/bri:tf/ the part of a gun into which the bullet， etc， is put， esp inlarger guns（枪炮的） 后膛

chamber/'tfeimbə/ an enclosed space in a, esp smaller gun， to hold bullets（枪的）弹膛；药室： Put the bullets in the firing chamber.将子弹上膛.

H241 nouns 名词：words relating to guns［C］与枪炮有关的词语

holster /'həulstə/ a usu leather holder fora pistol (small gun), esp one that hangs on a belt around the waist 手枪皮套

sling /slr/ a band of strong material on a rifle used for carrying it，etc步枪背带

belt /belt/ 1 [often in comb] a band worn around the waist and often used to support small guns，etc 皮带；（挂手枪的）腰带：gunbelt 挂枪皮带；swordbelt 挂剑腰带 2 a band ofmaterial on which bullets are fed into the breech of anautomatic gun（自动武器用的）子弹带；弹链

bandoleer, -lier /,bændə'lrə/ a belt that goes over a person's shoulder, and is used for carrying bullets（挎在肩上的）子弹带

gun carriage a wheeled support for moving a gun（带轮的）炮架；炮车

H242 nouns 名词：shot and bullets 弹丸与子弹

shot/fot/[U] very small balls of the metal lead, (to be) fired from a gun and used esp in hunt-ing small animals 弹丸；铅弹（尤指用来猎取小动物的）

bullet/'bulit/[C] 1 a type of shot fired from a, usu smaller kind of gun, usu long and with a rounded end（见H237及H240插图）枪弹；子

弹（头）2 something that looks like a bullet 子弹状物

lead／led／［U］sl bullets 子弹

pellet /'pelit/ [C] a small ball of metal made to be fired from a gun, esp a shotgun [■H238] （尤指霰弹枪用的）小弹丸；霰弹

buckshot/'bak,fot/ [U] coarse lead shot used esp for hunting（狩猎用的）大号铅弹；鹿弹

cartridge /'ka:trid3/ [C] a usu metal or paper tube containing explosive and a bullet for use in a gun, or enough explosive to set off an explosion（见H238插图）弹药筒；（包括弹药筒和弹头在内的）子弹

round /raund/ [C] a bullet, esp when (about to be） fired（尤指已发射或将要发射的）一发子弹：How many rounds have you fired／got left？你打了／还剩下多少发子弹？

slug／slag／［C］sl a bullet 子弹

shell/jel/ [C]1 an explosive (to be) shot from a large gun 炮弹： Shells burst all around them. 炮弹在他们四周爆炸．2 esp AmE a bullet，espthe case holding the part to be fired froma weapon 子弹；（尤指）子弹壳

ball /bo:l/ [C] a round bullet or shell, now no longer used（旧时球形）炮弹；弹丸

cannonball /'kænən,bo:l/ [C] a heavy iron ball fired from a cannon（铁制的球形）炮弹

H243 nouns 名词：shots and volleys ［C］ 射击与齐射

shot/fot/1 (the noise of) one firing of a gun （枪炮的）发射；射击声；枪（炮）声：He heardseveral shots．他听到几声枪响．2 not fml abullet， esp when about to be fired 一发子弹： How many shots have you got left？你还剩下多少发子弹？3 the occasion of firing 射击；开枪：That was a good shot！ 这一枪打得真准！Hisfirst shot missed.他第一枪没有命中.

shoot /Ju:t/ an occasion for shooting (of an-imals， in competition，military training，etc）狩猎（会）；射击（会）：They went on a weekend shoot.他们去参加周末狩猎活动了.

volley /'vpli/1 a number of shots fired at the same time by soldiers，police，etc 齐射；排枪射击：At the enemy＇s first volley many of our soldiers were wounded.敌人的第一阵齐射使我们的许多士兵负了伤．2 a like attack but withnamed weapons（用所说的武器）一齐攻击：Themonkeys in the trees aimed volleys of fruit at us．树上的猴子用水果向我们一阵阵打来．3anumber of blows given, words spoken, etc, quickly and with force（打击、咒骂、质问等）齐发：The angry man directed a volley of curses at them.那个愤怒的人连声咒骂他们.

fusillade / fju:zə'leid/ a rapid continuous firing of shots 快速连续射击：As the soldiers marched forward,they were met by a fusilladefrom the fort.士兵前进时遭到堡垒里的猛烈射击.

burst /b3:st/1 a sudden, usu short firing of a number of bullets 一阵射击；短促连发射击2theexplosion of a shell（炮弹的）爆炸

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salvo /'sælvəu/ 1 a firing of several guns at once，in a ceremony or battle（在仪式或战斗中的）炮火齐射；齐发礼炮2（fig）a sudden noisyburst，as of cheers，shouts，etc 一阵（欢呼声、喝彩声等）

ricochet /'rikəfer/ 1 a sudden jumping change in the direction of a moving object such as a bullet or stone when it hits a surface at an angle（运动中的子弹或石头等击中一表面时的）跳飞；回跳；跳弹 2 a blow from an object to whichthis has happened（飞跳物的）打击；一击：He was wounded by a ricochet, not by a direct hit.他被跳弹击中受伤，而非直接命中的.

H244 adjectives ＆ nouns 形容词和名词：

conditions of ammunition ［Wa5；B］弹药的状况

live /larv/ (of ammunition, etc) having power which can be used in an explosion（指弹药等） 装着炸药的；能爆炸的：This is live ammunition［→H230］；handle it very carefully．这是随时可使用的弹药；搬动时要非常小心.

spent／spent／already used； no longer for use 用过的；失去效用的：Spent cartridges ［■H242］lay all around them.他们周围到处是空弹壳.Theirammunition was all spent.他们的弹药都失效了.dud／dad／1 infml not able to fire 不能发射的2 [C] a bullet, shell, etc that does not fire when expected to do so 射出或投下后不爆炸的炮弹或炸弹；打不响的枪弹；哑弹

H245 verbs 动词：shooting and firing 射击与开火

[ALSO→K205]

shoot/Ju:t/1 [T1 (off); L9] to let fly with force （a bullet，arrow，etc）发射（子弹）；射（箭）：This gun shoots (off) six bullets/shoots very well. 这枝枪能射六发子弹／射得很准.I shot an arrow atthe spot on the wall.我对准墙上的圆点射了一箭.2［T1；IØ （at）］ to fire （a weapon）射击；开枪（炮）： I＇m coming out with my hands up： don＇t shoot！我马上举着手出来：不要开枪！Can youshoot a bow and arrow？ 你会开弓射箭吗？Heshot at a bird， but missed.他对着一只鸟射击，但没有打中.With his bad eyes he can＇t shoot straight.他视力不好，打枪打不准.If the policesee the dangerous murderer, they'll shoot to kill.如果警察见到这个危险的凶手，他们会开枪打死他．3 ［T1］ to hit，wound， or kill with some-thing，as from a gun 射中；射伤；击毙：He shot the bird.他射中了那只鸟.He was shot three times in the arm.他的手臂中了三枪.During thewar he was found guilty of selling secrets and was shot（＝killed by shooting）.战争期间他被发现犯有出卖机密罪，因此被枪决了．4［X7,9］tocause to go or be by hitting with something from a gun 发射；击毙；击落；打掉：Part of hisfoot was shot away（＝ off） in battle.他的腿在

H246 WEAPONS 武器

战斗中被打掉了一截.She shot him dead.她开枪把他打死．5［D1；X9］（fig） to send forth as from a gun 投射；抛出；连珠炮似地说出：She shothim a distrustful look.她不信任地瞪了他一眼.Itwas a meeting where everyone shot questions at the chairman.在那个会议上，大家都向主席连珠炮似地提出问题.The postman shot a letterunder the door.邮差把一封信从门底下撇进来.

fire/farə/1 [IØ; T1 (at)] a (of a person or a gun) to shoot off （bullets）射（子弹）；开火：He＇s firing at us！他在向我们射击！Can＇t you hear the guns firing？ 你听不见枪响吗？b（of aperson） to shoot off bullets from （a gun） 向··· 开枪；射击：She fired her gun at them.她向他们开枪射击．2［T1（at）］（of a person，gun，or bow） to shoot off （bullets or arrows）射出（子弹或箭）：They fired poisoned arrows at us.他们向我们射毒箭.

aim /erm/ [IØ; T1] to point or direct (a gun, weapon, blow, etc) at someone or something, usu in order to shoot， strike， hurt，etc（用枪、武器、拳等）对准；瞄准：The gun was aimed athim.枪对准了他.Aim！Fire！瞄准！射击！Heaimed a blow at her， but missed.他朝她猛地--击，但没有击中．aim at ［v prep T1,4］（fig） to make an effort towards 目的在于；以···为目标：The factory must aim at increased production/ at increasing production.工厂必须以增加产量为目标.She is aiming at being a writer.她立志要当作家.

discharge /dis'tfa:d3/ [T1] usu fml to fire or shoot（a gun，arrow，etc）开火；开（枪）；射（箭）： They discharged their arrows into the air/at the enemy.他们向空中／敌人射箭.

plug /plag/[T1] sl to shoot (someone) with a gun 枪击：They plugged him.他们开枪射中了他.shell ／fel／ ［T1］ to fireshells［■H242］at 炮轰； 对···开炮：The enemy lines were softened up by shelling them before the attack.敌人的防线被进攻前的炮轰动摇了.

volley /'vpli/ 1 [IØ] (of guns) to be fired all together（指枪、炮等）齐发；齐射；群射：Whenthe guns volleyed the noise was frightening.大炮齐射时，那炮声惊心动魄．2［L9］（of shots firedor objects thrown) to come flying together through the air（指枪弹或投掷物）齐飞而来：Amass of broken rocks volleyed down the moun-tainside.一大堆碎石从山坡上滚落下来.

H246 nouns 名词： bombs and similar devices［C］炸弹与类似装置

bomb/bpm/ a hollow metal container filled with explosive or with other chemicals of a stated type or effect 炸弹：They planted（＝ put） a bomb in a post office.他们在邮局里放置了一颗炸弹.They dropped an atomic bombon the city.他们向这座城市投了一颗原子弹.Hethrew a smoke bomb.他扔了一颗烟幕弹.A timebomb explodes some time after it is placed in position.定时炸弹安放后，过一段时间即行爆炸.That country has the bomb (=atomic weap-ons）now.那个国家现在已拥有原子弹了.

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H247 WEAPONS 武器

grenade /gri'neid/1 a small bomb which can be thrown by hand or fired from a gun 手榴弹；枪榴弹2 a small round container with a chem-ical substance inside, esp one for putting out fires（装有化学剂的）榴弹；（尤指）灭火弹

mine /main/ a metal case containing explosives 一种爆炸性武器 a that is placed just below theground and is exploded electrically or when stepped on or passed over 地雷 b that is placed on or below the surface of the sea and is exploded when touched by a ship or electri-cally when a ship passes over it 水雷

minefield /'main,fi:ld/1 an area of land where people have hidden mines 布雷区 2（fig）a difficult situation 困难处境

charge /tfa:d3/ the amount of explosive to be fired at one time or placed in a bullet,bomb, etc 发射一发子弹或进行一次爆炸所用的火药量

depth charge /'depθ ,tfa:d3/ a bomb that is dropped in the sea, to explode at a certain depth 深水炸弹

booby trap /'bu:bi ,træp/ a hidden bomb which explodes when some harmless-looking object is touched 饵雷；诡雷

torpedo /to:'pi:dəv/ a long metal container filled with explosives and sent through the water，esp to destroy ships 鱼雷：They fired two torpedoes at the ship.他们向那艘船发射了两枚鱼雷.

H247 verbs 动词：using bombs and similar devices［T1］用炸弹与类似装置轰炸

bomb／bpm／［also 又作 IØ］ to attack with bombs， esp by dropping them 轰炸：The aeroplanes bombed the enemy city.飞机轰炸了敌人的城市.

mine／main／ to put mines in （a place）在...布雷： The whole field was mined.整个战场都布了地雷.They mined the entrance to the river.他们在这条河的入口处布了水雷.

booby-trap /'bu:bi,træp/ to fix a booby trap in （a place）在...设饵雷：The room was booby-trapped.房间里设下了饵雷.

torpedo /to:'pi:dəu/ to hit (a ship) with a torpedo 用鱼雷袭击：They torpedoed and sank 10 ships．他们发射鱼雷击沉了十艘舰船．

H248 nouns 名词：armour and tanks，etc 装甲车辆与坦克等

armour BrE, armor AmE /'a:mə/[U] 1 the strong defensive metal covering on fighting vehicles，ships，and aircraft（军舰、车辆、战机等的）装甲；装甲钢板2 the vehicles with suchcovers, rather than soldiers on foot or unpro-tected vehicles 装甲兵种；装甲部队 3 the strongdefensive metal or leather covering as worn in former times by (noble) fighting men

（knights） and their horses（古代武士及其战马所用的）盔甲；甲胄；铠甲

armoured car [C] a military vehicle protected with light armour and usu with a powerful gun，such as a machinegun 装甲车

履带

half-track/'ha:f,træk/ [C] a vehicle, esp a mili-tary one,with wheels at the front but with a track [→H150] running over two or more back wheels on each side（军用）半履带车

tank /tæijk/ [C] an enclosed heavily armoured vehicle that moves on two endless metal belts （tracks）坦克

jeep /d3i:p/[C] a type of small, esp military car suitable for travelling over rough ground and sometimes used to carry a machinegun 吉普车； （小型军用）越野汽车

H249 nouns 名词： ships of war ［C； by U］ 军舰

warship/'wo: fip/ a naval ship for war, esp one armed with guns 军舰；战舰

battleship/'bætl,fip/ the largest kind of war-ship, usu with the biggest guns and heaviest armour战列舰；主力舰

flagship /'flæg Sip/ the chief ship among a group of naval warships, on which the admiral sails（舰队的）旗舰

aircraft carrier a warship that carries aircraft and has a large flat surface where they can take off and land 航空母舰

cruiser ／＇kru：zə／ a fast warship 巡洋舰；巡航舰destroyer/dı'strorə/ a small fast warship often used against submarines 驱逐舰

frigate /'frigit/ a type of small fast-moving armed naval ship, used for accompanying and protecting other ships 护卫舰；护航舰

sloop ／slu：p／ also 又作 cutter ／＇katə／ a small armed ship 海岸炮舰；小型护航舰

gunboat /'gan,bəut/ a small but heavily armed naval warship for use in waters near the coast 炮艇；小炮舰

landing craft a flat-bottomed boat that opens at one end, used for landing soldiers and army vehicles directly on enemy shores 登陆艇submarine./'sAbmə,riin/ infml abbrev sub/sab/

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a warship that can travel under water, and fires torpedoes［H246］潜水艇

minesweeper/'main,swi:pə/ a ship that sweeps the sea, etc,for mines(= searches the water and clears it of mines）扫雷舰；扫雷艇

H250 nouns 名词：military aircraft［C］军用飞机

bomber /'bpmə/ an aircraft that carries and drops bombs 轰炸机

fighter/'faitə/ an aircraft that carries guns and is used to attack or defend bombers, attack other fighters，etc 战斗机；歼击机

interceptor /'intə septə/ a light fast military aircraft 截击机；拦截机

H251 nouns 名词：missiles［C］导弹

missile/'misail/1 an explosive weapon which can fly under its own power and which can be aimed at a distant object 飞弹；导弹：Powerful nations now possess missiles which, if used in war，could destroy whole cities.现在许多强国都拥有导弹；如果用于战争，可以摧毁整座整座的城市.2 fml often pomp an object or a weapon thrown by hand or shot from a gun or other instrument 投掷物；发射物（尤指武器）：Theangry crowd at the football match threw bot-tles and other missiles at the players.看足球赛的愤怒观众向球员们扔瓶子和其他东西.A spear inthe hands of a skilful thrower can be a dan-gerous missile.标枪在熟练的投手手中，就可能是件危险的投掷武器.

guided missile a weapon which can be di-rected to the place it will bomb by electrical means during its flight导弹；导向飞弹

ballistic missile a missile that is guided as it rises into the air but then falls freely 弹道导弹；

H252 WEAPONS 武器

弹道飞弹

projectile /prə'd3ektai/ an object or weapon that is shot forward, esp from a gun or that shoots itself forward，esp if large（尤指大的）抛射物；发射体：Bullets and rockets are both forms of projectile.子弹和火箭都是发射体.

rocket/'rpkit/ 1 a tubelike machine driven by burning gases and carrying its own oxygen, and used as a form of power for aircraft engines and for space travel 火箭2 a bomb or missile that is driven in this way 火箭弹；由火箭推进的导弹

warhead/'wo:,hed/the explosive front end of a bomb or， esp， a guided missile 弹头；导弹弹头

H252 nouns 名词：persons using guns， bombs，etc 使用枪、炸弹等的人员

marksman /'ma:ksmən/ [C] a person who can hit the right mark easily， usu with a gun 神射手；神枪手

shot/fot/[C9] a person who shoots with the stated degree of skill（好或坏的）射手：He is a poor shot (with a gun) but a good shot with a bow.他枪打不准，但射箭却是个好手.

sniper /'snaipə/ [C] a person, esp a soldier who is a marksman, who shoots (at an enemy,etc) from a place where he cannot be seen 狙击手； 狙击兵：There was a sniper in the trees and he killed two of our men.树林里有一个狙击手，他击毙了我方两名士兵.snipe［IØ（at）］to shoot（at an enemy） in this way 狙击；伏击：Someone began sniping （at us） from the trees.有人从树林中（对我们）进行狙击.（fig） She is alwayssniping at him, telling him he can't d things well.她总是中伤他，说他不会办事.

bomber /'bomə/ [C] a person who puts bombs into buildings and other places, in order to kill people， cause damage，etc 在建筑物或其它地方放置炸弹，企图炸死人或造成破坏的人

I

Arts and crafts, science and technology, industry and education

工艺美术、科学技术、工业与教育

Making things

制造东西

I1 verbs 动词：making and producing［T1］ 制造与生产

[ALSO→N150]

make／meik／1 ［also 又作 D1（for）］ to cause (something) to be; form (something) by means of work or action 制造（某物）；（通过劳动）制作：She made a cake.她做了个蛋糕.Makeyourself a cup of tea.给自己冲杯茶.Cheese is made from milk．干酪是牛奶制成的．2 to earn，gain，or win （money or success）赚得；挣得；获得；赢得（金钱或成功）：He made a lot （ofmoney） in his job.他干这行赚了很多钱.Shemakes a（good）living from her shop.她靠自己的商店生活（得很富裕）.I hope you make asuccess of your work／life.我希望你工作成功／生活愉快.

manufacture /mænju'fæktfə/ 1 to make (something) by means of machinery, esp in large quantities 运用机器制造（尤指大量生产）：Many countries sell manufactured goods abroad.许多国家将制成品运销国外.The firmmanufactures electrical apparatus.该公司制造电气设备．2（fig）to invent （an untrue story， reason，etc）捏造；虚构（不真实的事情、理由等）：He had no good reason for being late,but he manufactured one.他迟到并没有充分的理由，可是他胡诌了个理由.

produce /prə'dju:s/1 to make or manufacture （运用机器）制造：That company produces cars. 那家公司生产汽车．2 to cause to appear生；生产：Birds produce eggs. 鸟生蛋.Those fields usually produce wheat.那些土地通常用来种小麦.

fabricate/'fæbri,keit/1 to make, esp by putting parts together 制造（尤指用部件装配而成）：Thehouse will be specially fabricated from these parts．这房子将专门由这些预制部件装配而成．2（fig）to make in order to deceive 捏造；伪造；虚构：The story was fabricated； it was completely untrue.这故事是捏造出来的，完全不真实.

forge /fo:d3/ to make esp from heated metal in a forge［■H158］锻造；锤炼（加热的金属）：A

blacksmith forges horseshoes out of iron.铁匠用铁打马掌.

coin／komn／to make （esp a word or phrase） 创造（新词、新语等）：He has coined several new technical words which are now widely used. 他创造了几个现已被广泛应用的新术语.Who firstcoined the word ＇radio＇？谁首先创造“radio”这个词的？

secrete /sr'kri:t/ (esp of an animal or plant organ） to produce （a usu liquid substance）（尤指动物或植物的器官）分泌（液态的物质）：Thattree secretes a sticky substance called resin.那棵树分泌一种称为树脂的粘性物质．secretion 1[U] the production of some usu liquid material by part of a plant or animal（动、植物器官的）分泌作用2［C］such a product 分泌液；分泌物：a sticky secretion in the branches of the diseased tree 病树树枝分泌出来的粘液

I2 nouns 名词：making and producing 制造与生产

make /meik/ [C] a kind of manufacture,style, etc 牌子；式样；制法：That＇s not a very good make of car.那个牌子的汽车不太好.That car，what make is it？ 那辆汽车是什么牌子的？Hesells cars of various makes.他出售各种牌子的汽车.

manufacture/,mænju'fæktfə/1 [C usu pl] that which is manufactured 产品；制成品：They sell their various manufactures locally.他们在本地出售各种产品．2［U］ the method of doing this 制造方法：It is a car of American manufacture. 这是一辆美国制造的汽车．3 ［U］ the act of manu-facturing 制造：He is interested in the manu-facture of cars.他对汽车制造感兴趣.

product /'prpdakt/ [C] 1 something (useful) produced by growth or from the ground, or made in a factory（地里生长的）农作物；（工厂制造的）产品：Nylon is a man-made product.尼龙是一种人造产品．2 something that isproduced as a result of thought, will, plan-ning，etc 作品；创作：Poems are the product of a poet＇s imagination.诗是诗人想象力的产物.Criminals are sometimes the product of bad homes.罪犯有时是不良家庭的产物.

brand /brænd/ [C] (the name of) a kind of manufactured product （产品的）牌子；商标：

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