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D3 ARCHITECTURE 建筑

形式把人们的储蓄借给其他人.They got a mort-gage from a building society and bought a house.他们从房屋互助协会得到一笔贷款，买了一所房子.

construction /kən'strakfən/ [U] action or way of constructing or being constructed 修筑；建筑：The Minister discussed the construction of new roads.部长讨论铺设新道路的问题.The rail-way is under construction at the moment.铁路现正施工.This house is of excellent construc-tion.这座房子建得非常好.The workmen wereall in the construction camp.工人都在建筑营地.constructor ［C］ a person who constructs things 建造者

architecture /'a:kətektfə/ [U] 1 the art and science of building, including the planning and making of buildings， etc 建筑学：He＇s a student of architecture．他是学建筑的学生．2 the style or manner of building, esp as belonging to a particular country or period of history 建筑风格、式样（尤指某一国家或历史时期的）：Heis interested in the architecture of ancient Greece.他对古希腊的建筑风格很感兴趣.archi-tectural [Wa5; B] of or concerning buildings, esp their style 建筑上的（尤指建筑风格）：Thatfactory is well built but has little architectural value.那座工厂建造得很好，但是从建筑学角度上看却没什么价值．-ly ［adv Wa4］architect［C］1a person who plans new buildings and sees that they are built properly 建筑师2（fig）a person who plans and makes anything 创制者；缔造者； 设计者：He was the architect of the new law.他是该项新法律的制订者.

synthesis/'sınθəsis/1 [U] the putting together of several parts or things in order to make a whole 合成；综合2［C］ an example or result of this 综合（的事例）；综合而成之物：His work is asynthesis of several ideas.他的作品是由儿种构想综合而成的.

houses in the village.他们在村子里建造了一些新房子．2 the people in a house 住在房子里的人；家里人：The whole house was woken up by the noise．房子里的人全被喧闹声吵醒了．3 ［usu incomb］ a building for animals or goods 饲养动物或存放货物的地方：He opened the door ofthe henhouse／the henhouse door.他打开鸡舍的门.Put the supplies in the storehouse.把用品存放到仓库里去.housing ［U］ houses gener-ally 房屋（总称）：He is Minister for Housing in the new government.他是新政府的房管部部长. They discussed the country＇s poor hous-ing／the country＇s special housing problems.他们讨论了全国住房条件差劣的问题／特殊住房的问题.household [A] relating to a house or the people in it 家庭的；一家人的；全家的：Thehousehold expenses are getting bigger.家庭开支越来越大了.They bought some new house-hold equipment.他们购置了一些家庭设备.housewife [C] a married woman who looks after the house in which she and her family live 家庭主妇 housekeeper［C］ a woman who is paid to look after a house, esp for a group or for a man who is not married 女管家（尤指受雇为一群人或单身男人照料家务者）housework[U] work done in a house, esp cooking, cleaning，etc 家务（尤指做饭和清洁等工作）

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modern caravan

现代旅行拖车

gypsy caravan

D3 nouns 名词：things built and lived in， etc［C］建筑物、住所等

building /'bildiy/ something built, in which people can live or work 大楼；大厦；建筑物：The city has many fine building. 这城市里有许多美观的建筑物.He works in that new building near the river.他在河边那座新大厦里做事.building site the place where a new building is being put up 建筑工地：He is a labourer on a building site.他是一个建筑工地的工人.

edifice /'edəfis/ 1 fml or pomp a large fine building， such as a palace or a church 宏伟的建筑物（如宫殿、教堂等）：The UN building in NewYork is an imposing edifice.纽约的联合国大厦是一座庄严宏伟的建筑物．2（fig）a framework ofhopes，doubts，or other feelings 所抱的希望、怀疑或其它心情：Her edifice of hopes fell to pieces when she failed the examination.她考试不及格，希望也随之而破灭.

house /haus/1 a building for people to live in 房屋；住宅：That＇s a nice little house.那是一座漂亮的小房子.They have built some new

caravan /'kærə,væn/ 1 a covered horse-drawn cart in which people such as gipsies [→C170] live or travel（吉卜赛人等居住或旅行用的）有篷马车2 also 又作（esp AmE） trailer a vehicle which can be pulled by a car, which contains apparatus for cooking and sleeping and in which people live， usu for holidays 拖车式的活动房屋（外出度假用）：He bought a three-berth caravan caravan in which three people can sleep）.他买了一辆有三个床位的旅行拖车.Many people use that caravan site place for putting caravans） while on holiday.假日里， 许多人都使用旅行拖车停车场.caravanning ［U］using caravans for holidays，etc 乘拖车式活动房屋旅行 caravanner a person using a caravan 乘拖车式活动房屋旅行的人

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tent

帐篷

tent /tent/ a shelter of skins or cloth (esp can-vas)[→H87] supported by one or more poles or a frame and usu held in position by ropes tied to the ground 帐篷；帐棚：The soldiers were living in tents.士兵们住在帐篷里.They go camping every summer in a family-sized tent.他们每年夏天都去野营，住在一个可容纳全家的帐篷里.

D4 nouns 名词：smaller houses ［C］较小的房屋

cottage /'kptid3/ a small house, esp in the country 农舍；小房子（尤指乡下房子）：She livesin a cottage by the sea.她住在海边的一所小房子里.The villagers were told to leave their cot-tages.村民获知要离开他们的农舍.cottager aperson living in a cottage 住在农舍里的人

hut/hat/ a small building, often made of wood 小屋；小木屋：The people lived in mud huts.这些人住在泥筑的小屋内.The workmen put up ahut where they could have their food.工人搭起一座供吃饭用的小木棚.

shack／fæk／a hut， usu not carefully made 窝棚； 小屋；木板屋

hovel /'hpvəl/ deprec a small dirty house or hut 乱与脏的小屋；棚屋：What a hovel he lives in！他住的小屋真是又乱又脏啊！

shanty /'Jænti/ a very roughly made hut, usu in a town 简陋的小屋（通常在城镇内）；棚屋：Theworkers live in shanties outside the factory. 工人们住在工厂外面的小棚屋内.shanty town （apart of) a town made up of shanties,where poor people live（城市中的）贫民窟；棚屋区；（由简陋房子组成的）穷镇

cabin /'kæbin/ a small roughly built, usu wood-en house 简陋的小（木）屋：One of our greatest presidents was born in a log cabin.我们一位最伟大的总统就是在小木屋里诞生的.

chalet /'fælei/ 1 a usu wooden house with a steeply sloping roof, esp common in Switzerland（常见于瑞士的）斜顶木屋2 a smallhut used by shepherds [→E144] in the Alps during the summer 阿尔卑斯山上牧人在夏季使用的小屋

D6 ARCHITECTURE 建筑

D5 nouns 名词：larger houses［C］较大的房屋

palace／＇pælis／1 a large grand house 华厦；府邸：a where a ruling king or queen officially lives皇宫；宫殿：The Party leaders were received at the Palace by the Queen.女王在皇宫接见各政党领袖.They met in the palace gardens.他们在御花园里见面．b where a bishop［→C347］lives主教的宅邸2 any large and splendid house 华厦；豪华大宅： The nobles of Florence built themselves great palaces.佛罗伦萨的贵族给自己建造了许多富丽堂皇的府邸.The former Soviet Palace of Culture is in Moscow.前苏维埃文化宫在莫斯科.（fig）Herhome is a palace compared with our poor little house.和我们那破旧的小房子相比，她的家简直是一座宫殿．3 a large，often showy， building used for public amusement，dancing，etc 华丽的娱乐大厦；宏伟的公共娱乐场所：They went to thelocal fun palace.他们去当地的娱乐场所.palatial ［B］ of or like a palace， esp in size宫殿的；宫殿似的；宏伟的；富丽堂皇的-ly［adv］

mansion (house) /'mænfən (haus)/ a large house， usu belonging to a wealthy person（有钱人的）宅邸；公馆：The millionaire＇s mansion was on the hill.那百万富翁的公馆建在小山上.

country house/,kantri 'haus/ (esp in Britain)a large house in the country belonging to one family，with land around it（尤指英国的）庄园式大住宅：Their country house has been in the family for five generations.他们那幢乡间大宅已传到第五代了.

manor house /'mænə ,haus/ (in England esp formerly) a large house with land around it （从前英格兰的）庄园大宅 manor（formerly）alarge area of land owned by one family·（从前） 大地主家族拥有的土地；领地；采邑

lodge /lpd3/1 a country house used as a place from which to hunt or shoot animals（狩猎用的）小屋 2 a smaller house near a country house, esp one at the entrance to the grounds 邻近庄园住宅的小屋（尤指在庄园入口处的）3aroom for a person who is responsible for seeing who enters a building, as in a block of flats or a college 守门人的小屋

villa /'vilə/ a country house with a large garden, esp as in Italy, Spain or France, or as built by the ancient Romans 乡间别墅；郊区住宅（尤指在意大利、西班牙、法国或由古罗马人建造的别墅）

D6 nouns 名词： modern kinds of houses 现代房屋的种类

detached house/dr'tætf haus/ a house which is not connected in any way with another house（不与任何房屋相连的）独立房子

semidetached house /,semidr'tætft haus/also 又作（BrE infml）semi／＇semi／ a house which is one of two built together 半独立房屋（两幢相互毗连的房屋中的一幢）：She lives in a semi-

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D7 ARCHITECTURE 建筑

detached house in Surbiton.她住在索比顿城的一幢半独立房屋里.They have a nice suburban［→C81］ semi，just outside Manchester．他们在曼彻斯特近郊有一幢漂亮的半独立房子.

villa /'vilə/ (in Britain) a detached or semi-detached house, esp in the outer parts of a town 独立或半独立房屋；（尤指）城郊小屋；别墅

terraced house /'terist haus/ one house which is part of a line of joined houses 一排房子中的一幢

bungalow /'bangələu/ a type of house which is all on one floor 平房；一种单层房屋

chalet /'Sælei/1 a small house with a sloping roof 斜顶小屋 2 a hut ina holiday camp 度假村中的小屋

D7 nouns 名词：flats and annexes ［C］公寓房间及附属建筑物

flat/flæt/ BrE,apartment/ə'pa:tmənt/ AmE a set of rooms, esp on one floor, including a kitchen and bathroom, usu one of many such sets in a building or block 公寓房间（尤指在一层楼里，并设有厨房和卫生间的）；一套房间；单元房：They divided the big house into flats.他们把这幢大房子分成了几个单元房.The people in thetop flat are friends of mine.住在顶层那个公寓房间的住客是我的朋友，

apartment /ə'pa:tmənt/ esp\_ BrE 1 [usu pl] a room, esp a large or splendid one, or one used by a particular person or group 房间（尤指宽敞而豪华的房间，为某类人物或团体所用）：TheRoyal or State Apartments are only for special hotel guests，＇he said.他说道：“皇室或国宾房间只为特别宾客而设．”2 a large and expensive flat 宽敞而豪华的公寓房间

penthouse /'pent,haus/ an expensive set of rooms on the top floor of a large building（建于大型建筑物楼顶上的）华丽套房

bed-sitter ／＇bed＇sitə／ also 又作 bed-sitting room,bed-sit (infml) BrE a single room used for both living and sleeping in 卧室兼起居室；单间

annexe /'æneks/ a building joined or added to a larger one 增建的房屋；附属建筑物：TheSmiths live in the annexe.史密斯一家住在增建的房子里.The doctors were working in the hospital annexe.医生们在医院的扩建大楼里工作.

D8 nouns 名词： blocks and skyscrapers ［C］大厦与摩天大楼

block/blpk/1 a large building divided into sep-arate parts， esp flats and offices（内部分成许多自成单元的部分的、尤指分成多个公寓房间或办公室的）大厦：She lives in a block of flats in London.她住在伦敦一座公寓大楼里.The newoffice block will be finished soon.这座新的办公大楼即将竣工．2 esp AmE （the distance alongone of the sides of) the area or building sur-

rounded by four streets in a town 街区；街段；街区一边的长度：He lives two blocks along from here.他住的地方离这儿有两个街区那么远.

tenement (house) /'tenəmənt (haus)/ a large building divided into flats, esp in the poorer areas of a city 分成许多单元房间的大楼（尤指在贫民区）；楼房：Although he was born in a Glasgow tenement，he is now very rich.尽管他出生在格拉斯哥贫民区的一座楼房里，现在却很富有.

skyscraper /'skaı,skreipə/ esp AmE a very tall building 摩天大楼：New York is famous for its skyscrapers, such as the Empire State Build-ing.纽约以多摩天大楼而闻名，帝国大厦就是其中之

D9 nouns 名词：castles and parts of castles［C］（见655页彩图）城堡及其组成部分

castle /'ka:səl/ a large strongly-built building or set of buildings made in former times to be defended against attack 城堡；堡垒；古堡：There is an old castle near the town.在这个小城附近有一座古堡.Have you visited Edinburgh Castle？ 你参观过爱丁堡古堡吗？

tower /'tavə/ a tall, narrow building, sometimes （part of） a castle 塔楼（有时为城堡的一部分）：The castle had four towers.这座城堡有四座塔楼.He was a prisoner in the Tower of London. 他曾是伦敦塔中的囚犯.

keep／ki：p／ a great tower of a castle 城堡中的主楼；城堡中最牢固的据点

moat/məut/ a long, deep ditch that in former times was dug for defence round a castle, fort, etc，and was usually filled with water（城堡、要塞等的）护城河；壕沟；深沟：The castle had amoat but there was no longer any water in it. 这座城堡周围有一条护城河，但现在河里已没有水了.

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D10 nouns 名词：forts and other

defended buildings ［C］堡垒与其它防御

建筑物

fort /fo:t/ 1 a strongly-made building used for defence at some important place 堡垒；碉堡2 [A usu cap as part of a name] (a town con-taining） a fixed army camp 常驻军营；要塞；堡： In former times the British army kept lots of soldiers at Fort William in Scotland.从前英国军队在苏格兰的威廉堡驻扎很多士兵.

fortification /,fo:tifə'kerfən/ [usu pl] towers, walls,gun positions, etc, set up as a means of defence 防御工事：The fortifications of the town were very good.这座城的防御设施十分坚固.

fortress/'fo:tris/ a large fort; a place strength-ened for defence（大）堡垒；城堡：The fortress

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was built on a hill.堡垒建在小山上.His house was (like) a fortress and could be defended against an army.他的房子如同一座堡垒，可以抵御军队的进攻.

citadel /'sitədəl/ 1 (esp formerly) a strong, heavily-armed fort usu commanding a city, built to be a last place of safety and defence in times of war（尤指古时）城中高地上重兵把守的城堡；护城碉堡2 any very heavily-armed and strongly-defended place 重兵把守、防卫森严的要地 3 tech （on a warship） a heavily-armed part protected by strong armour（军舰上）厚装甲保护的重要部位

blockhouse /'blpk,haus/ a small strong build-ing used as a shelter (as from enemy fire) or for watching dangerous explosions 小碉堡；地堡；掩体

stronghold/'stron,həuld/1 any fort,citadel,etc 据点；碉堡；堡垒；要塞2（fig） any place wherecertain ideas， beliefs，etc，are strong 某种信仰或观念等的根据地；据点：That town is a strong-hold of the Conservative Party.那个城市是保守党的据点.

Parts of houses

房屋的组成部分

D20 nouns 名词： houses and their major parts［C］（见655页彩图）房屋及其主要组成部分

D21 nouns，etc 名词等：roofs and their major parts ［C］屋顶及其主要组成部分

D21 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

roof /ru:f/ 1 the top covering of a building, house，etc（见655页彩图）（建筑物、房屋等的）顶：The roofs of the local houses are red.当地房屋的屋顶是红色的.The roof of the car washot in the sun．车顶给太阳晒得发烫．2［T1］toput a roof on 加顶于：They roofed the house with wood.他们用木板盖屋顶.

chimney /'tfimni/ a hollow passage often rising above the roof of a building which allows smoke and gases to pass from a fire or other very hot substance 烟囱：In the industrial towns factory chimneys poured smoke into the air.在工业城市里，工厂的烟囱向空中喷出浓烟.chimney pot a short pipe made of hardened clay or metal sometimes fixed to the top of a chimney，esp in a house 烟囱顶管

tile /tail/1 a thin shaped piece of baked clay used for covering roof， walls，floors，etc 瓦；瓷砖2 an object like this made from plastic， metal，etc 用塑料、金属等制成的瓦 tiled［Wa5；B］ covered with tiles 铺瓦的；贴瓦的：The house has a tiled roof.这幢房子的屋顶用瓦铺成.

slate/sleit/1[U] heavy rock formed from mud by pressure and easily split into flat, thin pieces 板岩2 ［C］ a small piece of this or other material used for laying in rows to cover a roof 石板瓦；小块的瓦片；其它用来盖屋顶的片状材料：One of the slates on the roof is loose.屋顶上有一块石板瓦松了．3［T1；IØ］to cover（a roof）with slates 用瓦片加盖于（屋顶）：He is good atslating （roofs）.他善于（在屋顶）铺瓦片.

gable /'geibəl/ the three-cornered surface at the end of a roof with sloping sides and a pointed top（屋顶两端的）山形墙；人字墙：OldEdinburgh houses have high gables.爱丁堡的旧式房屋的屋顶两端都有高高的人字墙.

ceiling/'si:li/1 the inner surface of the top of a room 天花板；平顶；顶棚：There was a lamphanging from the ceiling.天花板上挂着一盏吊灯.2（fig） an upper limit 上限；最高限度；最大限额

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D22 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

dome/dəum/1 a rounded top on a building or room 圆屋顶：The dome of St Paul＇s Cathedral is well known in London.圣保罗教堂的圆顶在伦敦十分著名．2（fig）something of this shape 圆顶状的东西；穹苍：He looked up at the bluedome of the sky.他仰望蔚蓝色的天空.

D22 nouns 名词：kinds of walls ［C］ 墙壁的种类

wall/wo:l/1 an upright dividing surface (esp of stone or brick) intended for defence or safety, or for enclosing something（见 655 页彩图） 墙；围墙；城墙：In some parts of Britain fields are surrounded by stone walls.在英国一些地区， 田地四周有石墙围着.The city wall had stoodsuccessfully against three attacks.那堵城墙受过三次进攻仍屹立不倒．2 the side of a buildingor a room（见656页彩图）内壁；墙壁：Hangthe picture on that wall.把这张画挂在那面墙上.They painted the wall white.他们把墙油漆成白色．3（fig）an upright mass of anything 墙状物： The wall of the cliff/The cliff wall was diffi-cult to climb.陡峭的石壁很难攀登.A wall offire stood between them and safety.一道火墙堵住了他们的生路．4（fig）something that separates or opposes 分界物；屏障：The in-quirers were met with a wall of silence.调查人员遇到了困难，受调查的人都不说话.The pro-testers formed a living wall against the police. 抗议者筑起一道人墙与警察对峙.wall in ［v advT1］ to surround with walls 用墙围住：He walled in the garden.他用墙将花园围起来.wall up［vadv T1］ to close up witha wall 用墙堵塞：He walled up the door. 他砌了一面墙把门堵上了.walled ［Wa5； B］ having a wall or walls 有墙的： Carcassonne is an old walled town in France. 卡尔卡松市是法国一座围有城墙的古城.

partition /pa:'tıfən/ something that divides, esp a thin wall inside a house 隔开物；分隔物；隔板；（尤指房屋内的）隔墙；间壁：There is only awooden partition between the beds.床与床之间只有一块木板隔开.

panel/'pænəl/ a separate usu four-sided division of the surface of a door, wall, etc,which is different in some way from the surface round it（墙、门等的）嵌板；镶板：The door had a glasspanel in it， to let some light in.门上镶了块玻璃，好让光线透进来.He broke one of the woodenpanels in the wall.他把墙上的一块木嵌板弄坏了.

rampart /'ræmpa:t/ [usu pl] a wide bank of earth built esp formerly to protect a fort or city 防御土墙；壁垒；城墙：Soldiers stood on the ramparts，waiting for the enemy attack.士兵们守候在壁垒上，等待着敌人进攻.

dike, dyke /daik/1 a thick bank or wall built to control water and prevent flooding 防洪堤坝； 堰 2 a narrow passage dug to carry water away 水渠；沟；排水道 3 ScotE a wall， esp around afield防护堤（尤指在田地四周的）

D23 nouns 名词：windows and their major parts［C］窗户及其主要组成部分

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window/'windəu/ a space in a wall,esp in a house, to let in light and air, esp of glass, which can be opened 窗；窗户；窗口（尤指玻璃窗）：He looked out （of） the window to see if she was coming.他向窗外张望，看她是不是来了.pane /pein/ a single sheet of glass for use in a

frame，esp of a window 框格（尤指窗格上的）玻璃；窗格玻璃

pelmet/'pelmit/ a narrow piece of wood or cloth above a window that hides the pole on which curtains hang（见 656页彩图）（窗子上遮住窗帘挂杆的）狭长木框／短帷幔；窗帘匣

fanlight/'fæn,lait/ a small window above a door 楣窗；气窗；门顶的小窗

D24 nouns 名词： doors and their parts （见656页彩图）门及其组成部分

door /do:/1 [C] a movable upright flat surface that opens and closes the entrance to a build-ing， room， or piece of furniture 门：He knocked on the door.他敲门.She closed／opened the door.她关／开门.（fig）Good luck is often the door to success.好运往往是通往成功之门.Thisagreement opens the door to advances in every field.这项协议为各方面的进展打开了方便之门．2［C］also 又作 doorway the space taken by a door 门道；门口：She came in through the door.她从门口走进来.You can＇t get a piano in there； the doorway isn＇t wide enough.门不够宽，钢琴搬不进去．3［C］（fig）house or building 房屋或建筑物；家；户：My sister lives only twodoors away／She lives just next door to us. 我姐姐的住处和这儿只隔两家／她就住在我们隔壁.The taxi will take you from door to door.计程车会把你由一家送到另一家.He sells books fromdoor to door; he's a door-to-door salesman. 他挨家挨户推销书籍，是个逐户兜销的推销员.Thatterrible crime is next door to murder! (= is almost murder）这恐怖的罪行几乎与谋杀没有两样！（简直就是谋杀！）front／back door ［C］ the door at the front／back of a house 前／后门

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outdoors ［adv Wa5］ outside a house， etc（在） 户外；（在）室外；（在）野外：The children like playing outdoors.孩子们喜欢在室外玩.outdoor ［Wa5；A］ outside a house， etc户外的；室外的； 露天的；野外的：They like outdoor games.他们喜欢户外游戏．out-of-doors ［adv Wa5］ fml outside（在）室外；（在）露天 indoors［adv Wa5］ inside a house，etc（在）室内；（在）户内：He stayed indoors．他留在屋里．indoor［Wa5；A］ happening inside a house 户内的；室内的：She enjoys indoor games.她喜欢室内游戏.within doors ［adv Wa5］ fml indoors 在室内 answer the door infml to go to the door to see who is there 去开门；应门 show someone the door to make it clear that someone is not welcome and should leave 把（某人）赶出去；把（某人）撵走；向（某人）下逐客令 show someone to thedoor to go politely to the door with someone who is leaving 送（某人）到门口

gate/geit/[C] 1 a movable upright frame, often with bars across, which closes an opening in a fence，wall，etc（见655页彩图）院子或空地的门；篱笆门；围墙门；闸门；栅栏门：The farmerclosed the gate behind him as he left the field. 农夫离开田地时随手关上了栅栏门．2 one of apair of large frames used to control water levels or which close the road over a railway line（控制水位高低的）闸门；（铁路与公路交汇处的）栅栏；铁路横杆

portal /'po:tl/ [C often pl] fml a (very grand) door or entrance to a building 大门；入口；正门

porch/po:tf/[C]a roofed entrance built onto a house or church（见622页及655页彩图）（上有顶棚的）门廊

access／＇ækses／1［C］a means of entering 通路； 通道：The only access to that building is along the track.到那座大楼的唯一通道就是沿这条小路走.Access roads were built to the new houses. 通到那些新房子去的路筑好了．2［U］（fig）meansor right of using， reaching， or entering 使用、接近或进入的方法（或权利）：Students need easyaccess to books.学生需要得到容易借到图书的方便.Only high officials have access to the Minister.只有高级官员才能接近部长.

way in [C] any passage, door, etc, which lets someone into a place， building，etc 入口；门口； 进路：This is the way in-come on！这就是入口，快进来吧！

way out [C] any passage, door, etc, which lets someone out of a place， building，etc 出口；出路：Where＇s the way out of this place？这地方的出口在哪儿？

entrance /'entrəns/ [C] sometimes fml & genl a door, gate, or other opening by which one enters 人口；进口；门口：The car stopped at the entrance to the railway station.汽车停在火车站的入口处.The police were waiting at all entrances and exits.警察在所有出入口处守候着.entry /'entri/ [C] fml & less common entrance

人口；通道：Which way is the entry？哪条路是入口通道？The sign said“No entry”.牌子上写着“不准进入”.

-way /-wei/ [comb form] used for the space where a door or gate is placed or where a

D26 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

road，etc，goes 门口；通道；过道：The man stood in the doorway.这个人站在门口.The roadway was covered with broken glass.路面上满是玻璃碎片.

exit /'eksit/ [C] a way out, esp from a theatre （and often written over a door）（常写在门楣上方）出口（尤指剧院的）；安全门；太平门：The exitdoors are open at the end of the performance. 演出结束时太平门便打开来.Take the first exitoff the motorway.沿高速公路走，遇到第一个出口通道驶出.

USAGE ［用法说明］In America，the sign（NO） EXIT is much more common than in Britain, and the common British sign WAY OUT is not used.在美国，（NO）EXIT（此门不通／出口）的标志比英国更通用；而英国通用的 WAY OUT（出口）标志在美国则不用.

D25 nouns 名词：ground，floors，and foundations 地面、地板与地基

ground／graund／［U］ the surface of the earth 地面；地：The branch of the tree fell to the ground.树枝落在地面上.Her long skirt touched the ground.她的长裙曳地.The ground on which thehouse was built is sandy.这座房屋是建在沙质地上.

floor/flo:/1[C] the part of a room, house,etc, on which one walks 地板：The floors of the house were dirty．屋子里的地板很肮脏．2 any-thing like this 类似地板的东西：The floor of the car was clean. 汽车内的地板很干净.flooring［U］ material for making or covering floors 铺设室内地面的材料

foundations /faun'derfənz/ [P] 1 the solid stonework,brickwork, etc, first set in holes dug in the earth, to support the walls ofa building 地基；地脚：The explosion shook the building to its foundations(= caused it to shake dangerously）.爆炸震得整座楼宇连地基都摇动了（＝引致房屋摇摇欲坠.）The workmen arelaying the foundations of the new hospital.工人正在为新医院打地基．2（fig）the base；that bywhich things are supported 基础；根据：He laid the foundations of his success by study and hard work.他的勤奋和努力为他的成功奠定基础.

D26 nouns 名词：pillars，columns， and beams 柱子、圆柱与大梁

[ALSO→H39-42]

pillar /'pilə/ [C] 1 a large tall upright, usu round post made usu of stone 高大的柱子（通常是圆形石柱）a used as an （ornamental） support for a roof（装饰用）支柱 b standing alone，as in a square， in memory of some person or event 纪念性的柱子：The roof of the building was supported by pillars，not walls.这座建筑物的屋顶是用柱而不是墙来支撑的．2（fig）anything talland upright that looks like this 柱状物：A pillar

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D27 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

of smoke rose from the fire.烈火中升起一股烟柱.

column／＇kpləm／［C］1 a large pillar 巨形柱子；支柱；圆柱：The church had some very fine col-umns．这个教堂有一些精美的大柱子．2（fig）anything like a pillar in shape or use 柱状物；有柱子作用的物体：He saw a column of smokerising over the houses.他看到那些房子的上空升起一股烟柱.

arch /a:tf/ [C] a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on two supports, as under a bridge or above a door 拱；拱门；桥拱： The building was built on arches.这座建筑物是建于拱廊之上的.The roof was in the shape ofan arch.屋顶是拱形的.archway a passage［ D29］ under an arch，esp in a doorway 拱形门道；拱形走廊 arched［B］ having an arch or arches or such a shape 拱起的；有拱门的；弓形的

beam/bi:m/ [C] any large long heavy piece of wood, usu squared,, esp one of the main pieces used to support a building or to go from one side of a ship to the other 大梁；横梁： The roof was made stronger by using several great beams.屋顶用了几根大梁加固.

rafter /'ra:ftə/ [C] one of the sloping beams which support a roof（见 D21插图）（支撑屋顶的）椽

piles /parlz/ [P] heavy wooden, metal, or concrete [→H66] beams hammered upright into the ground as a support for a building, bridge，etc桩；桥桩（打入地下的粗木或水泥大柱）

D27 nouns 名词： parts of larger houses and buildings ［C］大型房屋及建筑物的结构

portico /'po:tikəu/ a grand entrance to a build-ing, consisting of roof supported by one or two rows of pillars（有一、两排圆柱连顶的）华丽门廊

colonnade /,kplə'neid/ a row of pillars with equal spaces between, usu supporting a roof or row of arches 一排距离相等的柱子；柱廊col-onnaded ［Wa5；B］ having colonnades 有柱廊的：The colonnaded temples of ancient Greece are famous.古希腊有柱廊的神殿十分著名.

arcade /a:'keid/ a covered passage,esp one with an arched roof or with a row of shops on one or both sides 连顶拱廊；有拱顶的通道（两旁常设商店）

wing/wiy/ one side of a very large house, build-ing，etc（大建筑物的）侧楼；侧翼：The bedrooms are in the west wing. 卧室在西翼.They are adding a new wing to the hospital.他们正在医院主楼旁加建一座侧楼.

tower/'tavə/ a tall narrow part of a large build-ing，rising well above the other parts 塔；塔状建筑物：The house has two towers.这所房屋有两座塔楼.Her bedroom is in the tower.她的卧室是在塔楼里.

D28 nouns 名词：levels in buildings ［C］ 建筑物的各层

[ALSO→D43]

level/'levəl/ a position of height in a city, build-ing，etc 建筑物的高度、层数或水平等：Theiroffice is below street level.他们的办公室低于街道的路面.The building is built on two levels. 这座楼房建在两层平面上．split-level［Wa5；A］built on two levels 错层式的：He has a split-level house.他有一幢错层式的房屋.

floor／flo：／ a level in a building（楼房中的）一层： His office is on the 8th floor．他的办公室在九楼（英）／八楼（美）.

ground floor the part of a building, often the lowest，at ground level（楼房的）底层；一楼：The lift went down to the ground floor.电梯下降到底层.He has a ground-floor office.他的办公室在一楼.

first floor 1 BrE the first floor above ground level（英）二楼；底层之上的第一层2 AmE theground floor（美）底层；一楼

USAGE［用法说明］In American English the bottom floor of a building (at ground level) is called the first floor. In British English this is called the ground floor. The next level up is called the second floor in American English and the first floor in British English.在美式英语中，建筑物的底层（地面的一层）称为first floor，英式英语则称为ground floor；而底层上的第一层在美式英语称为 second floor，英式英语则称为first floor.

storey BrE,story AmE/'sto:ri/ a floor or level in a building （楼房的）层：There are three storeys／stories including the ground floor.这座楼连底层在内共有三层.It is a three-storeyhouse.这是一座三层高的楼房.

landing /'lændin/ 1 the level space or passage at the top of a set of stairs from which one enters rooms一段楼梯尽头的过道或平台2alevelspace between two sets of stairs 两段楼梯间的平台

basement/'beismənt/ the lowest level of a building， usu wholly or partly underground 地下室；建筑物的最底层（通常全部或部分在地面之下）

platform/'plæt,fo:m/1 a raised floor of boards for speakers，performers，etc 讲台；舞台：The election result was given out from a platform outside the town hall.选举结果在市政厅外面的讲台上公布.This singer always gets nervous on the concert platform.这位歌手一登台就感到紧张．2 the speakers seated on this（台上坐着的） 演讲人：Please address your remarks to the platform.请向讲台上的讲者发表你们的意见.

D29 nouns 名词：passages and halls ［C］ 走廊与大堂

passage(way) /'pæsid3(wei)/ a usu long nar-row connecting way， esp inside a building（建

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筑物内的）走廊；通道：She was standing in thepassage(way); she did not know which door to open.她站在走廊里不知该进哪个门.

corridor /'kprədo:/1 a long passage in a build-ing, train, etc, with doors and rooms on one or both sides（建筑物、火车等内的）走廊；通道：He walked along the corridor to Room 41．他沿着走廊向四十一号房间走去．2（fig）a verynarrow area of land, esp of a country with foreign land on both sides（尤指两侧均与外国接壤的）走廊地带3（fig）a narrow area of space in the air along which aeroplanes are allowed to fly空中走廊；飞机指定航线

hall/ho:l/ the wide passage just inside the en-trance of a house from which the rooms open 大堂；门厅；宽阔的门廊：The visitors waited inthe hall until he was ready to meet them.访客在门厅里等候他接见.

lobby /'lpbi/ a hall or corridor, not a room, which leads from the entrance to the rooms inside a building 大堂； 门廊：He was waiting for her in the hotel lobby.他在酒店的大堂里等她.

vestibule /'vestəbju:l oftèn fml a wide passage or small room just inside the outer door of a (public) building through which all the other rooms are reached； an entrance hall 宽阔的过道；门厅；前厅：I can＇t deal with Mr McGregor in my office just now; ask him to wait in the vestibule.我现在不能在办公室里接待麦克格雷哥先生，请他在前厅等一下.

foyer/'foiei/ an entrance hall to a theatre or hotel，where people gather and talk（剧院、旅馆等的）大堂；入口厅堂；休息处：Meet me in thefoyer at 7.30．七点半在休息厅和我会面．

cloakroom/'kləuk,ru:m/, AmE usu check-room /'tfek,ru:m/, a room, as in a theatre, where hats, coats, bags, etc, may be left for a short time， usu under guard 衣帽间；行李寄放处：He asked the cloakroom attendant for his coat.他向衣帽间的职员取回外衣.

D30 noúns 名词：stairs and lifts ［C］ 楼梯与电梯

[ALSO→H117]

stairs /steəz/ [usu pl with sing meaning] a number of fixed steps one above the other, on which one can go up or down in a building, from one level to another 楼梯：She went up／down the stairs to her room.她上／下楼到她的房间去.stair［sing］ one of these steps（楼梯的）一级：She stood waiting on the top stair.她站在楼梯最高一级等着.staircase／way a set of（usu large） stairs considered as a whole 楼梯（的整体）：What a fine staircase that is.多么美观的楼梯啊！（fig）This job is your stairway to success.这份工作是你走向成功的阶梯.down-stairs/upstairs [A; adv; Wa5] at or towards the bottom or top of a staircase 楼下（的）／楼上（的）：He went upstairs.他上楼去了.She lives in the downstairs flat.她住在楼下的那个公寓房间.

flight （of stairs） a set of stairs 楼梯（或阶梯）的

D31 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

一段：A flight of stairs led down into the room below.一段楼梯直通到楼下的房间.He ran uptwo flights and walked the rest.他跑着上了两段楼梯后，便慢下来走完其余的.

escalator/'eskəleitə/ a moving staircase; con-sisting of an endless chain of steps moving continuously up or down 自动梯；电动扶梯：Take the escalator to the third floor of the store.乘电动扶梯到商店的第三层去.

lift/lift/ (AmE elevator /'elə,veitə/) a machine that takes people up or down to another floor inside a building 电梯：He took the lift／elevator to the 9th floor．他乘电梯到了十楼（英）／九楼（美）.

ladder /'lædə/ an apparatus made esp of two long pieces of wood, metal, or rope, joined together by many short pieces (rungs) up which one climbs 梯子：He put the ladder against the side of the house.他把梯子靠在房子的墙上.stepladder a ladder with flat pieces (steps) for the feet, having a support so that it can stand alone 四脚梯： He put the stepladder in the middle of the room.他把四脚梯放在房间的中央.

fire escape /'faiə I,skeip/ a set of usu metal stairs leading down outside a building to the ground, by which people could escape in case of fire 太平梯

ramp /ræmp/ a slope, esp a passage, that con-nects two places at different levels 斜坡；斜道； 坡道：They walked up a ramp onto the second floor of the building.他们沿着一段坡道走上大楼的第二层.

chute /fu:t/ a sloped passage along or down which something may be passed or dropped 斜槽；滑槽：Put the waste down the chute， please.请把垃圾倒入滑槽内.The boxes go downa chute from the second to the first floor.箱子顺着滑槽从三楼滑到二楼（英）／二楼滑到底层（美）.

D31 nouns，etc 名词等：fences，rails，and low walls［C］栅栏、栏杆与矮墙

fence /fens/1 something made of wood or

metal and usu put up in order to divide two

pieces of land or to stop animals or people

from moving easily from one place to another

栅栏；围栏；篱笆：He put a high fence round his

field．他在自己田地四周筑起高高的栅栏．2［T1］to

put a fence round 用栅栏围起来：He has fenced

his fields.他用栅栏把田地围起来.fence off［v

adv T1] to separate (from something else)by

means of a fence（用栅栏）拦开；隔开：He＇has

fenced off his fields.他用栅栏把他的田地拦起来.

rail/reil/ a long narrow piece of wood or metal,

or a number of such pieces, used at the side

of stairs or along balconies, etc, to keep

people from falling，passing，etc（楼梯、阳台等

的）栏杆；楼梯扶手：He held the rail as he

climbed higher.他抓住栏杆向上攀登.

railing /'reili/1 [often pl] a fence, esp, a set of rails to protect people or keep them in or out

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栏杆；扶手；围栏；栅栏：The dog could not getthrough the railing． 狗无法穿过栅栏．2 any ofthe pieces in such a fence 栅栏的栏杆、支柱等：The dog got its head stuck between the railings.这条狗的头夹在栏杆中间.

ban(n)ister /'bænistə/ [often pl] a row of upright pieces of wood or metal with a bar along the top guarding the outer edge of stairs（楼梯的）栏杆；扶手（支柱用木或金属制成）：He looked over the banister to see what was happening below.他从楼梯的扶手向下探望，看看下面发生了什么事.

balustrade /,bælə'streid/ 1 a row of upright pieces of stone or wood with a bar along the top, guarding the outer edge of stairs or steps or of any place from which people might fall （楼梯或任何地方边缘的）栏杆；扶手（支柱用石或木制成）2 fml a type of railing 栏杆的一种

parapet /'pærəpit/ 1 a low wall at the edge of a roof，bridge，etc（见655页彩图）（屋顶或桥上的）矮墙；护墙；胸墙；女儿墙；栏杆：Don＇t lean overthe parapet or you＇ll fall in the river.别靠在桥栏上，不然你会掉到河里去的．2 a protective wallof earth or stone（防护用的）胸墙

D32 nouns 名词：verandahs and

balconies［C］游廊与阳台

veranda（h）／və＇rændə／， also 又作 piazza ／pI-'æzə/,porch /po:tf/ AmE an addition to a house, built out from any of the walls,having a floor and a roof (usu supported by pillars) but no outside wall 门廊；游廊；（附于房屋并有屋顶和地板的）阳台

balcony /'bælkəni/ a place for people to stand or sit on, built out from the upper part of wall of a house or other building, and usu enclosed with a railing 阳台；露台：They stood on the balconies, looking down at the people below. 他们站在各个阳台上，俯视着下面的人群.

terrace /'teris/ 1 a flat level area cut from a slope, esp if one of a number rising one beĥind and above the other（斜坡上铲出的）平地；梯田：In China hill farmers grow rice on terraces．中国山区的农民在梯田上种水稻．2a anarea next to a house, used as an outdoor living area（屋侧的）平台；台地；地坛 b a flatroof used as an outdoor living area 屋顶晒台

D33 nouns 名词：kinds of room

generally［C］房间的一般类别

room /ru:m/1 [C often in comb] a division of a building, with its own walls, floor, and ceiling 房间；室：I want a double room（＝for two people）with a view.我要一间看得见风景的双人房.The house had many rooms， including ten bedrooms and five bathrooms.这所房子有很多房间，包括十间卧室和五间浴室．［→D34］2［Poften cap］ the people in onesuch division 房

间中的人：Ask Room 5 if they want coffee．问问五号房间的客人要不要咖啡.

chamber／＇tfeimbə／often fml 1 a room 房间；居室：He waited in an outer chamber of the great house．他在这座大屋子的外室等候着．2abedroom 卧室：＇My lady is in her （bed）cham-ber，＇said the servant.仆人说道：“我的女主人在卧室里.”

hall /ho:l/ 1 [often in comb] a large room in which meetings， dances， etc，can be held 大厅； 礼堂；会议厅：They met at a dance at the local hall．他们在当地礼堂里举行的舞会上相遇．2（in acollege,university, etc)a room where all the members eat together（学院或大学里的）餐厅；食堂3 also 又作 hall of residence a building where members live together 学生宿舍：The students all live in halls of residence.学生都住在宿舍里.

D34 nouns 名词：the inside of a room（见656页彩图）房间内貌

D35 nouns 名词：spaces set in walls ［C］ 墙壁上的空间

alcove /'ælkəuv/1 a small space in the form of a small room added to another room for a bed，chair，books，etc（房间内凹进去用以放置床、椅或书等的）凹室2 a space like this， such as fora seat in a wall 壁龛

recess /ri'ses/1 a space in the wall of a room for shelves，cupboards，etc（墙壁）凹进处；壁龛（用作搁架或柜子）2 ［often pl］（fig） a secret inner part of a place， that is hard to reach 幽深处；深处；隐秘处：The animal waited in the darkest recesses of the cave.这只野兽在漆黑的洞穴深处守候着.

niche/nitf/1 a hollow place in a wall, usu made to hold an ornament， books，etc（墙壁上的）凹进部分；壁龛2（fig）a suitable place，job， posi-tion，etc 合适的地方、职务、地位等：He＇s founda niche for himself in that firm.他在那家公司里给自己找到了一个合适的职位.

cubicle /'kju:bikəl/1 a very small enclosed divi-sion of a larger room, such as for dressing or undressing at a swimming pool（与大房间隔开的）小室（如游泳池的更衣室）2 a small room 小房间；小单间

hatch /hætf an opening in a wall,esp so that food can be passed from a kitchen to the room where people eat 墙上开的小门；小窗（尤指把厨房的食物送至饭厅的窗口）

D36 nouns 名词：the fireplace ［C］（见 656 页彩图）壁炉

fireplace/'farə,pleis/ the place in the wall of a room where a fire is usu lit 壁炉：The room

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had a very large fireplace.房间里有个很大的壁炉.

fireside /'farə,sard/ the position by the fire-(place), often representing the pleasures of home life 壁炉边（常含有愉快家庭生活之意）：Shesat by the fireside.她坐在壁炉边.That is the fireside chair he likes best.那张炉边椅子是他最喜欢的.The comfort of his own fireside made him wish to go home instead of to the meet-ing.家里的温暖舒适使他无心去开会，只想回家.

chimney /'tfimni/ a hollow passage rising above a fireplace which allows smoke to pass froma fire 烟囱

flue /flu:/ a pipe or tube up which smoke or heat passes，usu to a chimney 烟道；暖气管道

hearth /ha:0/ 1 the area around the fire in one＇s home， esp the floor of the fireplace 壁炉前的地方；炉边；炉床：A burning log fell into thehearth.一根燃烧着的木头掉到壁炉前的地上了.We sat around the hearth together.我们一起围坐在壁炉边．2（fig）the home 家：He likes to stay close to the family hearth.他非常留恋家庭的温暖.

grate/greit/ the bars and frame which hold the coal，etc，in a fireplace 炉格；炉栅；炉架

poker/'pəukə/ a tĥin metal bar used to poke a fire in order to make it burn better 拨火棒

tongs/tprz/[P] an instrument consisting of two movable arms joined at one end, used for holding or lifting various objects 火钳：Pick up a lump of coal with the tongs.用火钳夹起一块煤.

coalscuttle /'kəul,skatl/ a bucket in which coal is carried and from which it can be poured 煤斗；煤桶

D37 nouns 名词：rooms in houses ［C］房屋里的房间

living room /'livij rum/ the main room in a house where people can do things together, （usu）apart from eating（见656页彩图）客厅；起居室：Come and sit in the living room and watch television.请到客厅里坐，看看电视.

lounge/laund3/ a comfortable room for sitting in，as in a house，hotel；or inn 休息室；（旅馆或客栈中的）休息室；娱乐室：Come into thelounge；let＇s talk there.来，我们到休息室里谈.

sitting room /'sitin rum/ esp BrE 1 a living room 客厅；起居室2 a lounge in a hotel 旅馆中的休息室：They were in the sitting room watching television.他们正在休息室里看电视.

parlour BrE, parlor AmE /'pa:lə/1 now rare a room in a private house used by the family for receiving guests, reading and other amuse-ments 起居室；会客室：What Grandmother called the parlour we now call the living room or sitting room.祖母称之为起居室的，我们现在叫客厅或会客室．2［C9］esp AmE in comb a shopfurnished like a room, for some kind of personal service or for selling a particular type of article（装饰得很好的）专门店：Many

D38 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

women attend a beauty parlour to have their faces，hair，nails，etc，treated.许多妇女到美容院去做脸部美容、做头发、修指甲等.Where＇s theice-cream parlour/the local funeral [→C54] parlour？冰淇淋店／当地的殡仪馆在什么地方？

front room /frant 'rum/ esp formerly the room at the front of a house, esp for guests;a living room or parlour（尤指用作会客的）房子前部的房间；会客厅；客厅

reception room /rr'sepfən rum/ (esp used by people selling houses) a living or dining room; any room that is not a kitchen, bedroom, or bathroom（主要为房地产业者的用语）接待室；会客室；起居室；（卧室、厨房、浴室以外的）房间

salon /'sælpn/1 a spacious living room, esp in a French house（尤指法国的）宽敞的客厅2(typically in France in the 18th century) a regularly-held fashionable gathering, esp of writers, artists, etc, at the home of a well-known person（尤指法国十八世纪时社会名流定期举行的时髦的）社交聚会；沙龙 3 a stylish orfashionable business 时髦的商店：She runs a beauty salon／a shoe salon.她经营一家美容院／ 鞋店.

study /'stadi/ a room, esp in a large house, school, etc, where a person can study books, etc 书房：Come and see me in my study in half an hour.半小时后到我书房来见我.

studio /'stju:drəu/ 1 a room where (esp) an artist，photographer， etc，can work（画家、摄影师、艺术家的）工作室2 a room or place wherefilms or recordings are made, information, etc， is sent out by radio， television，etc 摄影室； 录音室；播音室或演播室：He is at the studios，recording.他正在录音室里录音.

library /'laı,brəri/ a room, usu in a large house, school，etc，which contains many books 藏书室； 图书室／馆：He was reading in the library.他正在图书室里看书.

workroom/'w3:k,rum/ a room where a person can do work， usu of a particular kind 工作室： an artist＇s workroom 艺术家的工作室

bedroom /'bed,rum/1 a room for sleeping in （见754页彩图）卧室；寝室：The house has twobedrooms.这房子有两间卧室.That＇s a two-bedroom（ed） house.那是一幢有两间卧室的房子.We need a new bedroom carpet.我们的卧室需要一块新地毯．2 such a room used for sex 进行性行为的房间：That film has a lot of bedroom scenes.那部电影里有许多床上镜头.

dining room /'daini] rum/ a room where meals are served or taken 餐厅；饭厅：Let＇s eat in the kitchen； the dining room＇s too cold.我们在厨房里吃饭吧，饭厅太冷了.We had breakfastin the hotel dining room.我们在旅馆的餐厅吃早餐.

D38 nouns 名词：the kitchen and similar rooms［C］（见753页彩图）厨房及同类房间

kitchen／＇kitfin／ a room used for cooking 厨房： They sometimes take their meals in the

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D39 PARTS OF HOUSES 房屋的组成部分

kitchen.他们有时在厨房里进餐.

kitchenette /,kitfi'net/ a very small kitchen, or a separate part of a larger room which is the part used for cooking 小厨房；房间内作厨房用的一角

scullery/'skaləri/ becoming rare a room next to the kitchen, esp in large or older houses,for cleaning and keeping dishes and cooking pots, and for other rough cleaningjobs 紧靠厨房的房间（尤指旧式大房屋里洗涤碗碟和存放厨房用具的小室）；餐具洗涤室

larder/la:də/ a storeroom or cupboard for food in a house 食品贮藏室；食品贮藏柜

pantry /'pæntri/ 1 a small room with shelves where food is kept； a larder（有搁架的）食品贮存室；食品柜2 a room in a big house，hotel， ship，etc（大厦、旅馆或船上的）a where glasses， dishes， spoons， etc， used for eating are kept 餐具室b where cold food is prepared 做冷餐的厨房

galley／＇gæli／the kitchen on a ship 船上厨房（其余见彩图）

D39 nouns 名词：the kitchen sink ［C］ （见753页彩图）洗碗池

sink /sujk/ a basin for washing (in BrE esp a large one in a kitchen) fixed to a wall and usu with pipes to supply and carry away water 洗涤槽；洗碗池；水槽：Put the dirty dishes in the sink； we＇ll wash them later.把脏碟子放在洗涤槽里，我们过一会儿再洗.

sink unit /'sıjk ,ju:nit/ a sink in a kitchen to-gether with draining board and cupboards underneath 洗涤槽及附设之一套洗涤设备：She＇spleased with her new sink unit; it makes washing dishes much easier.她很喜欢她那套新洗涤设备，洗起碗碟来方便多了.

draining board /'dreinu] ,bo:d/ a sloping board on which dishes are placed after washing,to allow them to dry 滴水板（一块呈斜状的板，洗完的碗碟放在上面滴干）

dishcloth /'drf,klpθ/ a cloth for washing dishes 洗碗布；抹布

dishwasher /'dif,wofə/ a machine or person that washes dishes 洗碗碟机；洗碗碟的人

D40 nouns 名词：the bathroom［C］ （见754页彩图）浴室

[ALSO→D172-3]

bathroom /'ba:θ,rum/ a room with a bath in it, usu also containing a lavatory,wash basin,etc 盥洗室；浴室（包括厕所及洗脸盆等）：He spends along timein the bathroom every morning.他每天早晨都要进浴室，很久才出来.

bath ／ba：0／1 also 又作 bathtub／＇ba：θ，tab／ a large, usu fixed, container in which a person can sit in order to wash the body and now-adays usu with its own hot and cold water brought and taken away in pipes 浴缸；澡盆；浴池2 any similar large container for washing

anything洗涤用的大型容器；浴器

shower /'Jauə/ an apparatus which provides showers with controls for water and usu built as an enclosure in a bathroom, above a bath, etc 淋浴设备：We have a bathtub but no shower in our house.我们的房子里有浴缸但没有淋浴设备.He tumned the shower on／off.他把莲蓬头打开／关上.

wash basin /'wof, beisən/ a large basin for water，for washing the hands and face（可盛水供洗手洗脸的）洗脸盆

bidet /bi:'dei/ a kind of small low bath for sitting across, to wash the genitals [→B10],etc （小而矮专用于洗下体的）坐浴盆

medicine cabinet/chest a small cupboard where-medicines are kept, esp in the home, esp in the bathroom 药柜；药箱（指家庭用的，通常放于浴室内）

towel/tavəl/1 [C] a piece of cloth or paper used for drying someone or something that is wet 毛巾；手巾：Can I have a clean towel please？ 请给我一条干净的毛巾，可以吗？2［T1（down）］to dry （esp oneself）with a towel 用毛巾（尤指将自己）擦干：He towelled himselfdown.他用毛巾把全身擦干.towelling BrE，toweling AmE a type of soft cloth used for making towels 制毛巾的软布料

（其余见彩图）

D41 nouns 名词：the lavatory［C］厕所

lavatory /'lævətəri/1 a large seatlike bowl fixed to the floor and connected to a pipe (= drain) used for getting rid of the body's waste matter 便池；马桶2a room containing this 厕所；盥洗室3 a small building containing a number of lavatories（公用）厕所（指一座建筑物）

toilet／＇toilit／1 a lavatory （def1）（见 754 页彩图）便池；马桶2 also 又作 bathroom euph aroom containing this 厕所；盥洗室： I must go to the toilet／bathroom.我得去厕所／盥洗室.

water closet/'wo:tə ,klpzit/ a lavatory which is emptied by a flow of water from the pipes 抽水马桶

WC／，dablju：＇si：／abbrev a water closet 抽水马桶bog／bpg／BrE sl a lavatory 厕所

loo/lu:/BrE, john/d3on/AmE infml a lavatory 厕所

(public) convenience /(,pablik) kən'vi:niəns/ fml＆ euph a public lavatory 公共洗手间

restroom /'rest,rum/ esp AmE a public lavatory 公共洗手间

urinal /'juərənəl/1 a container for urine [→B64] 尿壶；便壶2 a public lavatory for men 公共厕所的男用小便池

D42 nouns，etc 名词等：plumbing and pipes 水管与管道

[ALSO→H41]

plumbing /'plami/ [U] 1 all the pipes, con-

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tainers for water， etc， in a building 建筑物中所有的水管、管道、贮水器等：There＇s somethingwrong with the plumbing in that house.那幢房子的水管出了毛病．2 the work of a plumber 水管修理、安装工作；管道工程 plumber［C］aperson, usu a man, who looks after the plumbing of buildings and fits pipes in houses 维修、安装管道的工人；管道工

tap /tæp/ BrE, faucet /'fo:sit/ AmE [C] any apparatus for controlling the flow of liquid or gas from a pipe，barrel，etc（见753 页及 754 页彩图）（煤气、自来水等管道上的）龙头；旋塞

stopcock /'stpp,kpk/ [C] a tap which controls the flow of water， usu in pipes（水管的）开关； 龙头；调节栓

plug /plag/ [C] a small, usu round piece of rubber, wood, metal, etc, used to close a hole, esp a pipe（见754页彩图）塞子；栓：She pulled the plug out of the bath and the dirty water flowed away.她拔掉浴缸的塞子，脏水便流掉了.

tank /tænk/[C] a large container for storing

liquid or gas（贮存液体或气体的）大型容器；箱；罐cistern /'sistən/ [C] a container with a pipe leading in and out, used in a garden for storing rain water or in a house as part of the plumbing，for holding water 蓄水箱；贮水器；水箱

flush/flAf 1[S9] a flow of water for washing out a toilet bowl 冲洗抽水马桶的水流：Thistoilet has a strong flush.这个抽水马桶的水力很强．2 ［S （of）］ a sudden flow （of liquid， esp water）急流；奔流：The flush of water took all the dirt away．湍急的水流把脏物都冲走了．3［T1］to make clean by such a flow 用水冲净：He flushed the toilet．他放水冲马桶．4［T1 out］ to remove by flushing（用水）冲走：They flushed out the dirty water.他们将脏水冲走.

pipe/paip/[C often in comb]'a tube used for carrying liquids and gas, often underground and in houses（液体、煤气等通过的）管子；导管；输送管；.输水管道：The pipes in this house are all new.这所房子里的导管全是新的.Thewaterpipe has a hole in it.水管上有个洞.

waste pipe/'weist paip/[C] a pipe for carrying away liquids that one wants to get rid of 污水管道

drain/drein/ [C] a pipe, tube, sewer,etc,which serves to take waste liquids, etc, away from buildings（见655页彩图）下水道；排水沟；阴沟：The drains are blocked.排水管堵塞了.drain-age [U] drains generally; the action or process of draining liquid from any place（总称）排水管道；排水系统；下水道；排水；疏水

drainpipe /'drern,paip/ [C] a pipe for drainage, esp of water and waste from inside buildings （见655页彩图）排水管道

sewer /'sju:ə/ [C] a man-made passage or large pipe under the ground for carrying away water and waste material, esp in a city, to.a body of natural water or for chemical treat-ment (sewage disposal), sometimes by turn-ing the waste onto an area of ground (sewage farm）（尤指大型的人工）污水沟；下水道

sewage/'sju:d3/ [U] the waste material and

D50 AREAS AROUND HOUSES 房屋周围的地方

water carried in sewers 污物；污水：Before chemical treatment sewage is called raw sewage.未经化学处理的污水叫作原污水.

sewerage /'sju:ərid3/ [U] the (system of) removing and dealing with waste material and water through sewers 污水排放（系统）；污水处理（系统）：This town has modern sewerage.这个城市有现代化的污水处理系统.

(water) main /('wo:tə) mein/ [C] a large pipe carrying a supply of water; the chief pipe supplying water or gas; the chief sewer pipe taking waste, water, etc, out from a building 给水总管；供水或煤气的总管道；排污水的总管道

D43 nouns 名词： other rooms in a house, esp at the top or in the

basement［C］房屋里的其它房间，特别是

顶层或地下室 [ALSO→D28]

cellar /'selə/1 an underground room,usu used for storing goods 地下室；地窖 2 a person＇s store of wine 酒窖：He keeps a very good cellar.他有一个很好的酒窖.

attic /'ætik/ a room or area, usu small, immedi-ately below the roof of a house 顶楼；屋顶阁楼： He lived in the attic of an old house in London; he had very little money at that time. 那时他很穷，居住在伦敦一座旧房子的阁楼里.

garret/'gærit/ esp formerly an attic, esp if very small（尤指很狭小的）顶楼；阁楼

loft/lpft/1 a room under the roof of a building; an attic（见D21 插图）阁楼；顶楼2 a roomover a stable, where dried grass (= hay) is kept（马厩上面的）草料棚

spare room／＇speə ；rum／ also 又作 guest room /'gest rum/ a (bed)room which is not in use but is kept for use 客房；备用卧室；备用房：Hecan sleep in the spare room tonight.他今晚可以在客房里睡.

storeroom /'sto:,rum/ a room where goods are kept till needed 贮藏室；贮物室：The boxes are in the storeroom at the back of the shop.这些箱子都在商店后面的贮物室里.

Areas around and near houses 房屋周围与附近的地方

D50 nouns 名词：yards and gardens ［C］ 庭院与花园

yard /ja:d/ 1 an enclosed or partly enclosed area next to a building or group of buildings 围院（建筑物旁围起来的一片地方）；围场；院子：Leave your car in the yard; it'll be safe there. 把车子停在院子里吧；那里很安全的．2 ［usu incomb] an area enclosed for a special purpose,

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D51 AREAS AROUND HOUSES 房屋周围的地方

activity，or business（围起来作特定用途的）场院；场地：shipyard 船坞；coalyard 堆煤场 3 espAmE the general area, sometimes including a garden， round or beside a house （房屋周围或旁边包括花园的地方）院子；庭院

court/ko:t/(esp formerly) an open area inside a large building or surrounded by buildings （大建筑物内露天的部分）庭院；天井；内院；（四周有建筑物围绕的）院子：The courts of Oxfordcolleges are pleasant places in summer.牛津大学各所学院的庭院在夏天是很凉爽的.

courtyard /'ko:t ja:d/ genl an open place with-out a roof in or near a large building, in a castle，etc 庭院；院子；内院：He stood in the courtyard， looking up at the windows.他站在院子里，抬头望着窗子.

backyard /'bæk'ja:d/1 BrE a yard behind a house， covered with smooth stones（铺设平石板的）后院2 also yard AmE a yard behind a house， usu covered with grass（通常铺有草地的）后院

backcourt /'bæk,ko:t/ ScotE a backyard,cov-ered in stones and／or grasS 后院

close/kləus/1 (in England) a the grounds[→D51] round a large church, school, etc, usu with its buildings，etc（英国教堂、学校等周围的）场地；围地；院子 b a narrow passage between such buildings（这些建筑物之间的）通道2（inScotland) the entrance to flats in a tenement ［→D8］（苏格兰住宅楼宇的）入口

garden /'ga:dn/1 (AmE yard /ja:d/)a piece of land, often near a house, on which flowers and vegetables may be grown 花园；菜园：Our neighbours' apple tree grows over our garden. 我们邻居的苹果树伸展到我们的花园里来了．2[often pl] a public place with flowers, grass, paths，and seats 公园

D51 nouns 名词：estates and parks 庄园

与公园

estate /r'steit/[C] 1 a (large) piece of land in the country, usu with one large house on it and one owner 地产；庄园：Sir John Smith lives most of the year on his country estate.约翰· 史密斯爵士一年中的大部分时间都住在他乡间的庄园里．2 BrE a piece of land in which buildings (of a stated type) have all been built together in a planned way（经整体规划的）建有大片建筑物的土地；房屋区：An industrial estate has factories on it and a housing estate has houses on it.工业区里有工厂，住宅区里有住宅.

park/pa:k/1 [C] BrE a large enclosed stretch of land with grass, trees, etc, round a large country house（乡间别墅四周的）园林2［C］alarge, usu grassy, enclosed piece of land, or public gardens, in a town, used by the public for pleasure or rest 公园；公共休憩场

grounds /graundz/ [P] land surrounding a large building such as a country house or hospital, usu made into gardens and enclosed by a wall or fence（乡村房屋、医院等周围的）场地；场院；庭

院：The house stands in its own grounds.这房子就坐落在它的庭院里.The grounds of thehospital were laid out as gardens and walks. 这医院周围的场地建设成花园和散步的地方.

D52 nouns 名词：lawns and patios ［C］草坪与院子

lawn /lo:n/ a stretch of (usu flat) ground,esp next to a house, covered with closely-cut grass （尤指房屋周围平坦而经修剪过的）草坪；草地

patio /'pætiəu/ 1 an open space between a house and garden, with a stone floor, used for sitting on in fine weather（房屋与花园间用石板铺成的）平地；院子 2 an inner roofless court-yard of a Spanish or Spanish-American house （西班牙式房屋的）内院；天井

D53 nouns， etc 名词等：places to park cars，etc 停车场等

garage /gæ'ra:3/ 1 [C] a building in which motor vehicles can be kept（见655页彩图）车房；车库；停车间：The bus is on its last journey before it goes back to the garage for the night. 那辆公共汽车正在走最后一班，然后就开回车场过夜.He put his car in the garage and locked the garage door.他把车停在车房里，然后锁上车房门.Their garage is part of their house.他住的房屋附有车房．2［T1］to put in a garage（把···）放入车房：He garaged the car for the night.他把车停在车房里过夜.Where do they garage theirvehicles？他们把车辆停放在哪儿？

carport /'ka:,po:t/ [C] a shelter, having only a roof and one or two sides, often built against the side of a house, and in which a car is kept 车棚

car park/'ka: pa:k/[C] esp BrE 1 an open place where cars and other vehicles may be left，sometimes for a small payment（收费）停车场 2 an enclosed place beneath the ground or in a building used for this purpose（地下或室内）停车场：There is a multi-storey car park (=a car park built on many levels) in the town. 城里有一座多层停车场.The car park is on thethird floor of the building.停车场在楼的第三层.park/pa:k/[ÍØT1] to put or leave (a vehicle, esp a car) in a particular place for a certain length of time 停放车辆：Can I park here／Is this a parking place？我可以把车停放在这儿吗／这地方可以停放汽车吗？No，you can＇t park(your car) here, but you can park at/by the side of the road.不，你不能把车停在这儿，但可以停在路边.

parking lot /'pa:kıj lpt/ [C] esp AmE a (usu public）car park（通常指公共的）停车场

drive /draiv/ [C] a road for vehicles, esp through a public park or the grounds of a building or to a private house（见 655 页彩图）车道（尤指穿过公园或大楼庭院，以及通往私人

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住宅的车路）：A car was parked in the hospital drive.一辆汽车停在医院的车道上.

driveway /'draiv,wei/ [C] esp AmE a short private road leading from the street to a house， garage， or car park； a drive（通往住宅、花园、车房的）私人车道；车道

D54 nouns 名词：sheds and

outbuildings［C］棚屋与外屋

shed /jed/ [often in comb] a lightly-built (partly) enclosed building, usu for storing things 棚屋；小屋；货棚：He keeps his old things in the shed.他将旧东西存放在棚屋里.

garden shed /ga:dn 'fed/ a shed built in or near a garden and used esp for storing things which are needed in the garden（花园内存放园艺工具的）贮物小屋

potting shed /'ppti Jed/ a shed in or near a garden where plants can be put in pots 放盆栽植物的小屋

greenhouse /'gri:n,haus/ a building with a glass roof and sides and usu some form of heating, in which plants can be grown which need warmth, light, and freedom from winds 温室；暖房

glasshouse /'gla:s,haus/ a building for grow-ing plants where sunlight and warmth aredi-rected in by the glass walls and roof 玻璃温室

hothouse /'hpt,haus/ a warm building where

flowers and delicate plants can grow 温室；暖房outbuilding /'aut,bidm/ a smaller building forming part of a group with a larger main building外屋；附属建筑物（指车房、仓库等）

outhouse/'aut,haus/1 BrE an outbuilding,esp if smaller 附属小屋2 AmE an enclosed outside lavatory［→D41］户外厕所

Residence

居住

D60 verbs 动词：living and lodging 居住

live ／lrv／ ［L9］ to have one＇s home 居住；住： Where do you live？你住在哪儿？He lives at No 5，Long Street．他住在长街五号．I used to live in London，but now I live in Edinburgh.我以前住在伦敦，但现在住在爱丁堡.

dwell／dwel／ ［L9］fml ＆ old use to live 居住：He dwelt for a time in France, then went on to Italy.他在法国住了一段时间，随后又到意大利去了.

reside /rr'zaid/[L9] fml to have one's home (at, in a place） 居住：They usually reside abroad. 他们通常住在国外．She resides at No 8，MountSquare.她住在蒙特广场八号.Where do youreside？你住在哪儿？

stay／stei／［L9］1 to be living for a short time 停

D61 RESIDENCE 居住

留；暂住：He is staying at a local hotel／staying with friends.他住在当地一家旅馆里／他暂时同朋友住在一起．2 ScotE to live 居住：Where do youstay？你住在哪儿？He stays in London most of the year.他一年里有大部分时间都住在伦敦.

lodge/lpd3/1 [L9] to stay, usu for a short time and paying rent（通常指须付费的）暂住；租住：I＇m lodging in the town.我在城里租房子住.Heis lodging at a friend＇s house／with friends.他在朋友家租地方住／他同朋友们合租房子住．2［IØ］to live in lodgings 寄宿；租用房间：Do you have a flat or do you lodge？你自己拥有一个套间还是租房住？

board /bo:d/ [T1; IØ] to (cause to) get meals and usu lodging for payment 提供膳食（和住宿）；使搭伙（和寄宿）：She arranged to board some students from the university.她为一些大学生提供膳宿.I＇m boarding with a friend／at a friend＇s house.我和一个朋友一起寄宿／我在一个朋友家里寄宿．board out ［v adv T1；IØ］ to(cause to) get food (and usu live) regularly away from home（使）在外搭伙（和住宿）：Thechildren were boarded out with friends while their parents were abroad.孩子们的父母在国外时，他们在朋友那儿食宿.

put up ［v adv L9］ infml to stay 暂住：He puts up at a friend＇s house when he comes here.他到这里来时，总是在一个朋友家暂住.

occupy /'pkjupai/ [T1] to be in (a place) during a particular period of time 住（房子）：He occu-pied a room here for two years.他在这儿的一个房间里住了两年.

inhabit／in＇hæbit／［T1］ fml ＆ tech to live in 居住于；栖息于：What animals／people inhabit those islands？什么动物栖居／什么人住在那些岛屿上？His people have inhabited these mountains for hundreds of years.他的家族在这些山上已住了几百年.inhabitable ［B］ able to be lived in 可居住的：Are those islands inhabitable？那些岛屿能住人吗？un-［neg］

D61 verbs 动词：accommodating people 给人提供住处

accommodate /ə'komə'dert/ [T1] often fml to provide with a room in which to live or stay 提供住房；接纳···留宿：I can accommodate you for a few nights.我可以留你住几晚.The newhotel will accommodate 500 guests．这家新旅馆可以接待五百名旅客.

put up ［v adv T1］ infml to accommodate 提供住宿：Oh， we＇ll manage to put you up some-where for the night.噢，我们会想办法给你找个地方过夜的.

house /hauz/ [T1] 1 to provide with a place to live fora short or long time（长期或暂时）提供住宿；给···房子住：All the children must be housed and fed.我们要让所有的孩子都有地方住，有东西吃．2 to（provide space to） store（提供空间）收藏；贮藏：We can house all your old furniture upstairs.我们可以把你所有的旧家具存放在楼上.

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D62 RESIDENCE 居住

lodge /lpd3/ [T1] to give or find (someone) a home for a time， sometimes for payment 提供或租房间住；寄住：We＇re going to lodge our son with a foreign family.我们打算让儿子寄住在一个外国人家里.

settle /'setl/[T1] to cause (someone) to live in a place, esp after moving (that person) from another place 使定居；使安家：They moved the local people and settled them in another place.他们把当地居民迁移到另一个地方去定居.They were settled in Australia, although they did not want to go there.尽管他们不想去澳洲，但还是在那里安顿下来了．settled ［B］ 1 notmoving about 定居的；不迁徙的：The place is adesert with no settled population. 这地方是沙漠，无人定居．2［Wa5］（of a place） having people living in homes（指地方）有人定居的；有居民的：The settled areas of Australia are mainly on the coast.澳洲人口定居的地区主要集中在沿海一带．3 fixed；unlikely to change 固定不变的：He has settled habits.他有固定的习惯.This is a matter of settled principles of law; we know what to do.这是个既定的法律原则问题；我们知道该怎么办.

D62 verbs 动词：camping and settling 露营及定居

camp/kæmp/ [IØ (out)] to set up or live in a camp［→D68］野营；宿营：The hunters camped near the top of the mountain.猎人在山顶附近宿营.We go camping every summer.每年夏天我们都去野营.The two boys camped out last night （＝ slept out in a tent）.这两个孩子昨晚在野外宿营.camping ［U］ the activity of living in a tent or in tents 野营；露营：They went camp-ing last summer.去年夏天他们去野营了.

encamp /in'kæmp/ [IØ] to set up a (usu large) camp 扎营住宿（通常指很大的营地）；野营：Thearmy encamped along the river.军队在河边扎营，

settle /'setl/[L9] to come or go to live in a place; to (decide to) live in a place after trav-elling for a long time 定居；安顿：The family settled in New Zealand.这家人在新西兰定居.He finally settled in Canada and got married. 他最后在加拿大安顿下来并结了婚.

settle down [v adv IØ] 1 to establish a home and live a quiet life 定居；过安定的生活：I hateall this travel; I want to get married and settle down.我讨厌这样四处奔波，我想结婚和过安定的生活．2 to become used to a way of life，job， etc 习惯；适应（生活方式、工作等）：I＇m sure thechild will soon settle down in his new school. 我相信这孩子会很快适应新学校的.

settle in [v adv IØ; T1] to. (help or cause to) move comfortably into or get used to a new home，job，etc（协助某人）迁入新居；从事新的工作；（使）适应：I haven＇t yet settled in／got settled in in my new job; I still get lost in the office building.我还没有完全适应新的工作，在办公大楼里仍会迷失方向．settle into［v prep T1］ to get

used to （new surroundings， a new job，etc）习惯；适应（新环境、新工作等）：They settled into anew house／office.他们对新居／新办公室已适应下来.

squat /skwpt/ [Iø] to settle on land or in a house which no one lives in, without the permission of the owner or any legal right to do so 霸占；侵占；非法占住（土地、房屋等）：Theyhad no home so they decided to squat in an empty house..他们无家可归，因此决定擅自占用一所空房子.

D63 nouns 名词：persons residing，

lodging，and settling［C］居住、寄宿及定居的人

resident /'rezədənt/ someone who lives (in a place） and is not just a visitor 居住者：This hotel serves meals to residents only.这家旅馆只为本店的住客提供膳食.

dweller /'dwelə/ fml & lit one who lives in a place 居住者；居民：The dwellers in the forest did not like visitors.居住在森林里的人不喜欢外来人.

occupant /'pkjupənt/ someone who is in a par-ticular place, esp a house, room,etc,at a particular time 住客；居住者：Who are the occupants of that flat？ 那个公寓房间的住户是谁？

occupier /'pkjuparə/ theperson who occupies or lives in a house， flat， room，etc（房屋／房间等的）使用者；居住者：He is the occupier but notthe owner of the flat.他住在这个套间里，但不是房主.

lodger /'lpd3ə/ a person who pays rent to stay in somebody＇s house 宿者；房客：The Smiths have two lodgers.史密斯家有两个房客.

boarder/'bo:də/1 a person who pays to live and receive meals atanother person's house; lodger（缴费）寄宿搭伙者：Mrs Brown takes in boarders for a living.布朗太太靠给人提供膳宿为生．2 a school child who lives at the school 寄宿学校的学生.Most of the boys are boarders.大部分男孩子都是寄宿生.

settler /'setlə/ one who settles, esp one of a (new) population, esp in a place with few people 定居者；移居者；殖民者；开拓者：Hisfamily were 19th century settlers in Western Canada.他的家族在十九世纪移居到加拿大西部.

pioneer /,parə'nə/1 one of the first settlers in a new or unknown land, who is later followed by others 拓荒者；开辟者；先驱者：The pioneerscleared the waste land and began to make farms.拓荒者垦荒种田.a pioneer town一个新拓建的城市2 a person who does something first and so prepares the way for others 先驱者；先锋；倡导者：a pioneer of operations on the human.heart 最先倡导给人类心脏动手术的人；apioneer plan 创新的计划

squatter /'skwotə/ a person who lives on empty land or in an empty house without permission 擅自占用（空地、房屋）者：He asked the police

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to get the squatters off his land.他要求警察把擅自占用他土地的人赶走.

inhabitant/mn'hæbətənt/ esp tech a person who lives in a place, esp as one of a group which has been there a very long time 居民；住户；原居民：The inhabitants of the island are friendly.这个岛上的居民很友善.Have you metany of the local inhabitants？你见过当地的居民吗？

D64 nouns 名词：persons owning and occupying houses ［C］房屋的拥有者与居住者

owner/'əunə/ the person who owns something, esp a house， flat，etc 房主；物主；所有者：The tenants asked the owner for permission to paint the house.房客请求房主允许他们油漆房屋.owner-occupier /əunə 'pkjuparə/ a person who owns the house or flat in which he or she lives住用自己房子的人；业主住户

landlord /'lænd,lo:d/ 1 a person from whom someone rents all or part of a building, land, etc 房主；房东；地主：His landlord is a local farmer．他的房东是当地一个农人．2 a personwho owns or is in charge of an inn, hotel, etc （旅店、旅馆等）店主；老板；经营者：Landlord，more beer，please！老板，请再来点儿啤酒！

landlady /'lænd,leidi/ a woman who keeps lodgers 女房东；女店主；女主人：Mrs Smith is hislandlady.史密斯太太是他的女房东.

tenant/'tenənt/ a person who pays rent for the use of a room，building，land，etc 房客；租户； 佃户：Do you own your house or are you a tenant？你是房主还是房客？tenancy 1［U］ occu-pation of a place as a tenant（土地的）租佃；（房屋的）租赁；租用2［C］ the use of a house，etc， as a tenant（租地或租屋）租期：His tenancy was for three years and no longer.他的租期只是三年，不再延长.

D65 nouns， etc 名词等：home 家

home／həum／［C］ 1 the house where one lives 住宅；家：My home isn＇t very big， but it＇s comfort-able．我的家不很大，但很舒适．2 the place whereone was born or habitually lives 出生地；久居地： His home is in London. 他的家在伦敦.Glasgow is her home town.格拉斯哥是她的家乡.（fig） This college is a home of learning. 这所学院是治学的园地．3 the house and familyone belongs to 家庭：He worked hard to make his home a happy place.他为家庭的幸福而拼命工作.A good home life is very important.美满的家庭生活是极为重要的．4 a place where aliving thing can be found living and/or grow-ing wild， esp in large numbers 产地；滋生地： The wild rose has its home along country roads 乡间小路的两旁是野玫瑰生长之地.India isthe home of elephants and tigers.印度是大象和老虎的产地．5 a place for the care of a group of

D65 RESIDENCE 居住

people or animals of the same kind, who do not live with a family 养育院；收容所：She works in a children＇s home／an old people＇s home.她在儿童院／老人院里工作.She left her money to ahome for cats.她把钱遗赠给猫收容所.at home1 in the house or family 在家；在屋中2 ready toreceive visitors 可以接待客人：If the telephone rings，say I＇m not at home（to visitors）.如有我的电话，就说我不在家（不会客）.be／feel at hometo be comfortable（像在家里一样）随便；自在；不拘束：He doesn＇t feel at home with people like that.与那种人在一起，他觉得很不自在.makeoneself at home (often imper) to behave freely, sit where one likes, smoke, etc, as if at home 像在家里一样舒适自在；随便；不拘束：Comein and make yourself at home.请进来，随便点， 别客气. leave home to go away from one＇s family to live independently for the first time, esp after an argument.（尤指在争吵后）离家；（第一次）独自外出生活：She has left home and saysshe won＇t go back.她离家出走并说不会再回去.homely[Wa2; B] liking things as they are at home；pleasant like one＇s home（如在家里那样）无拘束的；亲切的：The house had a homelylook about it.这所房子显得朴实、亲切.

residence /'rezədəns/ [C] fml the place where one lives； a house， esp a large grand one 住处； 住宅；公馆（尤指大而堂皇的）：Lord Jones is athis country residence.琼斯勋爵在他乡下的邸宅里. This desirable town residence for sale＇ （advertisement）.“这幢理想的市区住宅现正待售”（广告）.（humor）How nice of you to visit me at my humble residence！承蒙光临寒舍，不胜荣幸！ in residence actually living in a place，esp 1 （of an official） in his official house（官员等） 住在官邸2（of students） at a university（大学生等）住校：The students are not in residence during the holidays. 学生们假期期间不住校.resident [Wa5; B] living (and working) in a place 常驻的；在某地居住（和工作）的：That bighotel has a resident doctor.那家大旅馆有一名常驻医生.

domicile/'dpməsail/1 [C] fml one's home; the place where one lives 住处；居所2［C］law the place where for official purposes one is considered to live, whether or not one really spends much time there 正式居所；（法律上）永久住地；本籍3［Wv5；X9］ to establish in or provide with a domicile 定居下来；使···安居：He travels about a lot but he is domiciled in London.他经常外出旅行，但他以伦敦为家.

dwelling /'dwelny/ [C] fml a house; a place where someone lives 住处；寓所：The poor people's dwellings were cold and unhealthy. 穷人的住处又冷又脏.

dwelling-place/'dwelny pleis/ [C] fml a place where someone dwells； a domicile 住处；住宅

habitat/'hæbə,tæt/ [C] the place in which an animal, plant, etc, lives or can usu be found （动物的）栖息地；（植物）产地：The natural habi-tat of these animals is in the mountains.这些动物的天然栖息地是在山里.Different habitatshave different kinds of animal living in them. 不同的栖息地有不同种类的动物在那里生活.

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D66 RESIDENCE 居住

habitation/,hæbə'teifən/1 [U] the act of living in a place 居住：The moon is not suitable for human habitation．月球上不适合人类居住．2［C］fml ＆ pomp a house， home，etc 住处；住宅；住所：Where are the people＇s habitations？这些人的住处在哪里？

domesticity /,dəumes'tisəti/ [U] the state of being in or like a home; life in or with a family 在家；像家一样；家庭生活：He prefers domesticityto travelling.他宁愿留在家里而不愿出去旅行.The room had an air of domesticity.这个房间有一种家庭气氛．domestic［B］ 1 ［Wa2］ of，concernig， or like the home 家的；家庭的：They sell all the usual domestic equipment in that shop.那家商店出售各种日常家庭器具.Theirdomestic life isn＇t very happy. 他们的家庭生活不太愉快．2 ［Wa5］ concerning one＇s own country 本国的；国内的：That nation does not like other governments taking too great an interest in its domestic affairs.那个国家不喜欢别国政府过于关注它的内政.

D66 nouns 名词：accommodation and

board 提供膳宿 [ALSO→M79]

accommodation /ə,komə'deifən/ [U] 1 a place to live； a room， flat， house，hotel，etc 住处（房间、旅馆、住家等）：What sort of accommo-dation can you get in this city？这个城市能提供什么样的住处？2esp AmE a room and food， asin a hotel（旅馆里的）膳宿供应：They providegood accommodation.他们提供很好的膳宿服务.occupancy /'pkjupənsi/ [U] the condition or right of actually living in a building or on a piece of land（对房屋、土地的）占有；占用；居住：When do you get the occupancy of your new house？你什么时候能住进你的新房子？

premises /'premisiz/ [P] usu fml a building, house, etc, and the land that belongs with it 房屋（连地基）；建筑物（包括所属地皮等）：Get offthese premises now or I'll send for the police! 快离开这地方，不然我就叫警察了！Most of thesebuildings are business premises.这里大部分建筑物都是商业楼宇.

lodging／＇lpd3／ ［S； U］ a place to stay留宿之处； 暂居处：He tried to find a lodging for the night. 他设法找个住处过夜.

lodgings /'lpd3Iz/ [P] 1 the room(s) one pays rent for in a private house 租用私人房屋的房间：My lodgings are only two rooms.我只租了两个房间．2 a house where rooms are rented out （出租的）公寓：He was staying in lodgings.他住在出租的公寓里.

board／bo：d／［U］（the cost of） meals 伙食（费）： He pays £20 a week for full board (= all meals）.他每周支付二十英镑的包伙费用.

board and lodging [U;P] the provision of meals and a bed for payment（收费的）膳宿： She pays £30 a week board and lodging．她每星期支付三十英镑的膳宿费.

digs /digz/ [P] BrE infml lodgings, esp for students（尤指学生租用的）住处：Are you in

college (= lodging in rooms at the college) or in digs？你住学校宿舍还是在校外租房？

D67 nouns，etc 名词等：shelter 隐蔽处

shelter/'feltə/1 [C] something that covers or protects， usu in the form of a building，etc 隐蔽处；躲避处；避难所；掩蔽部：They looked for ashelter from the bad weather／the bombs.天气恶劣，他们要找个躲风避雨的地方／炸弹横飞，他们要找个防空洞躲避.They waited for the bus at thebus shelter．他们在候车亭内等公共汽车．2［U］cover；protection 掩蔽；遮蔽；庇护：Please，can you give us shelter for the night？求求你，能给我们一个过夜的地方吗？3 a［T1］to give shelter to（a person，animal，etc）（使）掩蔽；庇护；保护： The old house didn't shelter them well from the bad weather.这座老房子不能给他们提供躲风避雨的地方.They sheltered him from his enem-ies．他们庇护他，让他躲开敌人．b［L9］to getshelter（寻求）保护；隐蔽；遮蔽；躲避：Where canwe shelter from the weather？我们可以到哪儿避一避风雨？

refuge /'refju:d3/ esp poet & lit [C; U] (a place that provides) protection or shelter from danger 避难所；安全地带；庇护；避难：They spentthe night at a mountain refuge for climbers. 他们在一个专供登山者用的庇护所里过夜.Wherecan we find refuge from the storm？我们可以到哪儿找个躲避暴风雨的地方呢？

D68 nouns 名词：camps野营

[→ C80 TOWNS AND SETTLEMENTS]

camp /kæmp/ 1 [C;U] a place where people. live in tents [→D3] or huts [→D4] for a short time, usu nowadays for pleasure or in an army 野营；兵营；营地；露营场地：When we were onholiday we stayed in a camp.假期中我们去野营了.The climbers had a camp near the top of the mountain.登山者在靠近山顶处有一个营地.We were all in camp by 6 o＇clock．我们六点钟前都已返回营地.The hunters spent the night at a Red Indian camp.猎人在一个印第安人的营地过夜．2［C usu in comb］ a place where people live， often unwillingly（常指被迫）居住的地方： The prisoners were sent to a labour camp.囚犯都被遣送到劳役营.The men in the prisoncamp had to work hard.劳役营里的囚犯必须卖力地干活．3［GC］a group of peopleor organization with the same ideas（持有相同观点的）一群人；阵营；组织：The workers weredivided into two camps. 工人分成两大营垒.camper ［C］ 1 a person who lives in a camp 野营者；露营者 2 AmE a motor vehicle bigenough to live, cook, and sleep in when on holiday 露营用车辆（可住人、烧饭）

encampment /mn'kæmpmənt/[C] a large camp, esp military; a place where soldiers camp[ D62］大的营地（尤指军营）：There was a wirefence round the encampment.军营周围有一道铁丝网.

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barracks /'bærəks/ [Wn3; C; P] 1 a building or group of buildings in which (esp) soldiers live 兵营；营房：He must be back in barracks by 9 o＇clock tonight. 他必须在今晚九点前回到营地.[→C312] 2 (fig) a big bare plain, usu ugly building 简陋的大房子：You can＇t expect us to live in a great barracks like that！你别指望我们会住在那样简陋的大房子里！

Belonging and owning, getting and giving

属于与拥有，得到与给予

D80 verbs，etc 动词等：belonging 属于

belong to ［Wv6； v prep T1］ to be owned by属于；附属；是某人的：This book belongs to him； it＇s his.这本书属于他，是他的.Who does thatcar belong to？那辆汽车是谁的？

belong /br'lpg/[Wv6] 1 [L9] to be suited to, advantageous，or fitting 适应于（某一环境）；对··· 有用／适合：A telephone belongs in every home. 家家户户都需要一部电话.A man with his abilitybelongs in teaching.有他那样才能的人该去教书.2［IØ］ to be in the right place 应归入（类别、范畴等）；处于某一合适环境中：That subject belongswith the sciences.那个课题属于自然科学的范畴.After years of living here I feel that I belong. 在这里生活了这么多年，我自觉已完全适应了.

be /bi:/[L7](esp with possessive pron) to belong to 属于；附属于（尤指与所有格代词连用）：That book is his (= That book belongs to him）.那本书是他的.The car is mine／my car.这汽车是我的／这是我的汽车.

of /əv/ [prep] 1 (used to show ownership or connection）（表示所属或联系）：He is the father of the child.他是这孩子的父亲.Who is theowner of this book？这本书是谁的？2（used to show that something or someone character-istically has something）（表示某人或物具有的特征、性质）：She is a woman of great beauty. 她是个绝代美人．3 （used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group）（表示某人或物是一个较大团体的一部分）：For most of thepeople there is not enough food.大多数的人都不够吃.One member of our group left.我们组的一个成员走了．4（used to express measure-ment）（表示计量）：a kilogram of sugar 一公斤糖；four pounds of butter 四磅黄油 5（used with a possessive noun or pronoun to express one of a number of persons or things）（与所有格名词或代词连用，表示一群人或物的其中一个）：She isa friend of his／of Bill＇s. 她是他的／比尔的朋友.(emph) That son of his is causing a lot of trouble！他那宝贝儿子惹的麻烦可多了！6（usedto show distance or separation of one thing from another）（表示距离）：The house is within a kilometre of the shops.那房子离那些商店不到一公里.They travelled to the west of the

D81 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

mountains．他们向山的西边走去．7（used toshow a cause or reason）（表示原因）：They died of hunger．他们死于饥饿．8（used to express an object relationship after certain verbs and nouns）（表示在某些动词或名词后面的宾语关系）：I＇m tired of sitting here.老是坐在这儿使我厌烦极了.His love of animals is well known.他对动物的喜爱是人所共知的．9（used to express asubject relationship）（表示主语关系）：The love of some dogs for their owners is easily seen.不难看出，有些狗很眷恋主人．10（used to show thatsomething is made from or contains some-thing else）（表示由···组成或制成）：a book made of paper 一本用纸造的书；a box of chocolates一盒巧克力11（used with it to show what one thinks about someone＇s action）（与it连用，表示对某人行为的看法）：It was nice of him to helpus.他帮助我们真是太好了.It was wrong of youto do that！你那样做就错了！

D81 verbs 动词：having and owning［T1］ 有与拥有

have /hæv/[Wv6; not pass] 1 infml to keep, use，etc，as one＇s own 拥有；持有；有：He has two cars.他有两辆汽车.Do you have any money？你有钱吗？（fig）She has blue eyes.她有一双蓝眼睛.He doesn＇t have a very friendly manner.他的态度不大友好.Do you have agood opinion of him？ 你对他印象好吗？2 tocontain as part 包含···（使成为其中一部分）：Thiscoat has no pockets (= There are no pockets in this coat）.这件外衣没有口袋.

have got [Wv6] esp BrE genl infml to have, esp of a particular thing on a present occasion 持有；带有；得到：Have you got any money？-Sorry，I haven＇t got any money.你身上带钱了吗？-很抱歉，我没带.

possess/pə'zes/ [Wv6] 1 fml to have (esp as belonging to one） 拥有（财产）；占有：He possesses two cars.他拥有两辆汽车.He never possessed much money, but he has always had good health.他从来没有富过，可身体却一直很好．2 （of a feeling or idea） to influence (someone) so completely as to control or direct actions（感情或思想）对···影响；控制；支配：Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving.他害怕得动也不敢动.She waspossessed by a single desire.她为唯一的欲望所支配.What（ever） possessed you to act so strangely?（＝caused you...）是什么驱使你表现得如此奇怪？3 ［usu pass＋of］ （of an evil spirit or the devil) to enter into and become master of（someone）（指恶魔、魔鬼）附身于；缠住：＇Shewas possessed of a devil＇said the priest.牧师说道：“她被魔鬼附身了．”4 ［of］ old use or pompto cause （oneself） to be the owner 使（自己） 成为物主、所有者：For the purpose of study you should possess yourself of a dictionary.为了学习，你应该自备一本字典．possession 1［U］ thecondition of possessing 所有；拥有；占有：He has possession of the house and can tell them

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D82 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

to leave．这所房子是他的，他可以叫他们离开．2［C］ something possessed 所有物；拥有物：This is a valuable possession； guard it carefully.这是很贵重的物件，要小心看管.possessive［B］want-ing very much to have or to keep things 有占有欲的；渴望占有的：She is rather possessive mother, she likes to keep her children near her.她是个占有欲很强的母亲，喜欢把孩子们留在身边. -ly ［adv］-ness ［U］ possessor ［C］ a person who possesses something；（fml）owner 拥有者； 占有者；主人

own/əun/[Wv6]to have or possess (something), esp by lawful right 有；拥有（尤指合法地）：Whoowns this house／dog？谁是这房子／狗的主人？Heowns a lot of land in this part of the country. 他在这个地区拥有大片土地.owner［C］ a personwho owns something 物主；业主；占有者；拥有者ownership [U] the condition of owning or being an owner 所有权；所有制；物主身分；拥有

keep ／ki：p／ 1 to own and have the use of 拥有（并享用）：He keeps two horses and a car.他有两匹马和一辆汽车．2 to have for some time orfor more time 保存；保管：Please keep this book for me till I come back.请替我保管这本书，直到我回来为止.He was in trouble at firstbut he managed to keep his job.他最初遇到了一些麻烦，不过他总算保住了他的工作.These oldclothes are not worth keeping.这些旧衣服不值得再保存了．3 to have without the need of returning 拥有（不必归还）；保留：You can keep the book；I don＇t need it.这本书你留下吧，我不需要了.Here＇s more money than you need to buy the dress；keep the change.这些钱足够你买这衣服有余，剩下的钱你留着吧．4 to own andmake money from 经营；开设（商店）：They keep a shop／a small hotel.他们经营一间商店／小旅馆.5 to own and take care of in order to use or make money from 管理；料理；经营（以享用或赚钱）He keeps sheep．他养羊．6（fig）to know without telling 保守（秘密）；隐瞒：Can you keep a secret？你能保守秘密吗？She kept the news to herself.她对谁都没说这消息.

D82 nouns 名词：belonging and owning 属于与拥有

belongings/br'lpninz/[P] things that belong to a person 所有物：Are these your belongings？这些东西是你的吗？Please take all your belong-ings out of this room and put them upstairs. 请把你所有的东西搬出这个房间，放到楼上去.

things ／θrnz／［P］ infml belongings 物件；所有物： Where can I put my things?-Oh, put them with my things in the bedroom.我的东西放在哪儿？-噢，和我的东西一起放在卧室里吧.

possessions /pə'zefənz/ [P] things a person possesses 占有物；所有物；财产：These books are her most precious possessions.这些书籍是她最珍贵的财产.

property/'propəti/1 [U] that which is owned （and has some value）；possession（s）（有价值的）财产；资产；所有物：That box is my property，

and you can't take it without my permission. 那个箱子是我的财产，未经我许可你不能拿走.Thepolice found some stolen property, and re-turned it to its rightful owners.警察发现了一些被盗窃的财物，便把它们归还原主.Jane considersTom to be her own property.珍把汤姆当作她的个人财产．2［U］ land， buildings，or both to-gether，esp as owned by someone（某人所拥有的）土地，房屋；房地产：What＇s his business？-Oh，he＇s in property.他做什么生意？-噢，他是经营房地产的.Property in the city centre is expensive．市中心区的房地产价格昂贵．3［C］abuilding, piece of land, or both together,esp as owned by someone（某人所拥有的）一所房子、一片土地或一处房地产：He has several prop-erties for sale or to let.他有好几座房子要出售或出租．4［U］ ownership according to the law 所有权；财产权：The idea of private property is found in most societies, but public property is a more modern thing.私有财产的观念在大多数社会中都存在，而公共财产则是比较近代的观念.propertied [Wa5; B] owning a lot of property 有财产的：Big landowners are often called the propertied classes.大地主通常被称作有产阶级.common property [U] 1 an article that is shared or used by all 公共财产；公物：That book is common property． 那本书是公物．2（fig） something that is known to everyone 众所周知的事；人人皆知的事：Anything that happens here is soon common property.这里发生的任何事情很快就街知巷闻了.proprietor ［C］ a personowning something as property 所有者；业主；老板：Who is the proprietor of this shop？谁是这家商店的老板？

D83 verbs 动词：getting and earning 获得与赚取

get/get/genl & infml 1 [T1] to be given,sent, etc； to experience； to have as a natural fact 得到；收到；获得；经历：I got a letter today.今天我收到了一封信.He got a blow on the head andneeded medical attention.他的头被打了一下，需要医洽.The. room doesn＇t get much light because the windows are so small.因为窗子太小，房间里光线不足．2［D1（for）；T1］ to go for，buy, or be given in some particular way; to take，etc（以某种方式）获得；买到；取得：We＇ll getthe shopping tomorrow.我们明天去采购吧.I＇ll get (you) some money before the bank closes. 银行关门之前我（给你）去取点钱来.

receive／rI＇si：v／［T1］ often fml to get 接到；收到； 接受：I received a letter today.今天我接到一封信.He received a blow on the head and needed medical attention.他的头给打了一下，需要医治.The room doesn＇t receive much light through this window.这房间没有从这扇窗子得到多少光线.reception ［U］ the act of receiving or being received（被）接受；接待；接见：His recep-tion of the money/news was surprising; I expected him to be happy about it, but he wasn＇t.没想到他得到这笔钱／听到这个消息的时候

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会是这个态度，我还以为他一定很高兴，可是他并非如此.

obtain/əb'tem/ [D1 (for); T1] often fml to get, esp by making some effort（尤指经过努力）得到；获得：I haven＇t been able to obtain that record anywhere；can you obtain it for me？我哪儿都买不到那张唱片，你能不能帮我弄一张？

gain /gein/ [T1] to get or obtain (something useful, necessary, wanted, etc), esp over a length of time and as an addition to what one has／what is there，etc 得到（有用、需要之物等）；获得；博得；赢得；增加：I＇m new in the job butI＇m already gaining experience.做这件工作我是个新手，但也逐渐掌握到一点经验了.Eat well ifyou want to gain strength after your illness.如果你病后想恢复体力，就要吃得好些.

acquire /ə'kwarə/ [T1] often fml 1 to get for oneself by one＇s own work， skill， action，etc 取得；获得；学到（知识等）：He acquired a knowl-edge of the language by careful study.他通过认真学习，掌握了这门语言．2 to gain or come topossess 达到（目的）；取得：With the money he had won he was able to acquire some prop-erty.用他赢得的这些钱，他买到了一点房产.acqui-sition 1 ［U］ the action of acquiring 获得：His main interest is the acquisition of property.他一心想的是得到产业．2［C］ something acquired获得物：This house is one of his latest acquisitions.这所房子是他最近购置的产业之一.

come by [v prep T1] infml & sometimes deprec to gain or obtain 得到；获得：How did he come by so much money？ Did he steal it？ 他哪来的这么多钱？会不会是偷来的？He came by thehouse in some mysterious way.他不知从哪里弄到了这所房子.

merit/'merit/ [T1] to deserve, esp because of one＇s good qualities，hard work，etc（尤指因某人品性良好、工作努力等）应受；应得；值得：Hemerits more money for his work.以他所做的工作而言他应得到更多的钱.This book merits care-ful study.这本书值得仔细研究.

earn /3:n/1 [T1 (by)] to get (money, etc) by working 赚（钱）；挣（钱）：He earns £4,000 a year（by writing stories）.他一年（靠写小说）可挣四千英镑．2［T1（by）］ to get （something that one deserves） because of one＇s qualities 博得； 赢得：Alexander earned the title of ＇the Great＇ by his victories in war.亚历山大因战功而赢得了“大帝”的称号．3 ［D1］ to cause （someone） to get or be worthy of 使得到；使值得；应得：Hisvictories earned him the title of ＇the Great＇.他的战绩使他赢得了“大帝”的称号.

procure /prə'kjuə/ 1 [D1(for);T1] fml to obtain，esp by effort or careful attention（尤指经努力或用心）得到；取得：Can you procure thatrare old book for me？你能帮我弄到那本稀有的古书吗？The lawyer is working hard to procure the boy＇s freedom from prison.律师正竭尽全力使那孩子免于入狱．2［T1（for）；IØ］ to provide（a woman) for someone else's sexual satisfaction 介绍（娼妓）；拉皮条 It＇s against the law here toprocure.拉皮条在此地是犯法的.procurement［U］ the act of procuring 获得；拉皮条

deserve /dr'z3:v/ [Wv6; T1] to be worthy of

D84 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

getting 应受；值得；应得报答：He deserved the job but he didn＇t get it.他理应得到这工作，但没有得到.She deserves a holiday； she has worked very hard.她工作十分努力，理应有个假期.Give the money to the most deserving person (= to the person who deserves it most). 把钱给最应该得到的人.deservedly ［adv］ bydeserving；justly 应得地；理所当然地：He was deservedly the winner.他是理所当然的胜利者.un-[neg] deserts [P] what one deserves, usu because of bad actions 应得的报应（通常由于坏行为）：The criminal got his （just） deserts when he was put in prison.犯罪者被关进监狱是罪有应得.

D84 verbs， etc 动词等：taking and choosing 拿取与选择

take /terk/ [T1]1 to put out one's hand and get （something）拿；取：Take a cake，please.请吃块蛋糕.Please take one of the books.请从这些书中拿一本．2（fig）to have； make （a stated action）作出（某一动作）：Take a look at that beautiful girl！看看那个漂亮的女孩子！He took adeep breath.他深深地吸了一口气.

pick /pik/ 1 [T1] to choose, esp by taking, pointing，etc 挑；选：I don＇t know which of the three dresses to pick； I like them all.这三件衣服我都喜欢，真不知该选哪一件．2［D1（for）；T1；Iø] to pull or break off part of (a plant) by the stem；gather 摘；采；拔：Have I picked enough beans for dinner？ 我摘的豆够晚饭吃的吗？Hepicked her a rose.他摘了一朵玫瑰花给她.They＇ve gone（fruit）picking today.今天他们摘水果去了.pick and choose to choose very carefully,considering each choice for a long time 挑挑拣拣；（仔细）挑选：I＇ll take any workthat is offered to me; I can't afford to pick and choose.给我什么工作我都接受，我不能再挑挑拣拣了.pick a winner infml to make a very good choice 作出很好的选择：She picked awinner when she chose John as her husband. 她选约翰做丈夫，真是选得好．pick1［S］choice 选择；挑选（often in the phr take your pick 随你挑）：Which of the books is your pick？你选中哪本书？Which one do you want？-Take your pick．你要哪个？-你自己挑吧．2［the S of］ thebest（of many）（人或物）精华；最好的部分：Theseapples are the pick of the crop.这些苹果是这次收成中最好的.

choose/tfu:z/1 [D1.(for); T1, 4,6a,b;V3;X(to be) 1; I0 (between, from)] to show (what one wants) by taking; take from a greater number 挑选；选择：She chose a book from among those on the table.她从桌上那些书中挑了一本.Have you chosen a hat yet？你选了帽子没有？Ifyou had to choose between staying here alone or going with me， what would you choose？ 如果你要选择单独留在这儿或与我一起去，你会选择哪一样？The people chose John Smith to go to the President and tell her of their demands.人们推选约翰·史密斯去见会长，向她转述他们的要

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求.I＇ve just chosen a new car for my wife.我刚刚给我的妻子挑了一辆新汽车.Will you helpme choose myself a new coat？你能帮我挑件新上衣吗？Who did you choose to belas your new member of parliament？你们选谁当你们的新议员？There are ten to choose from and I don＇t know which to choose.有十个可供选择的，我不知道该选哪一个．2［T3；5c，6a，b；IØ］to decide by choosing 选定：He chose not to go home until later.他决定晚一点儿再回家.He chosethat we should stay. 他决定我们该留下来.Whois going to choose what to do？谁来决定下一步该做什么？Will you choose，please？请你来决定好吗？choice 1［U；C］ the act of choosing or being chosen 选择；抉择：Choice is difficult；I don＇t know which／what to choose.作出抉择是很难的，我不知该选择哪一个／什么.Their choiceswere made yesterday．他们是昨天作出抉择的．2［C］ something or someone chosen 被选中的人（或物）；入选者：Which of these is your choice？ 这里头的你选哪一个？Their choices weren＇t verygood， in my opinion.依我看，他们的选择并不理想．He is my choice．他是我选中的人．3［S］avariety from which to choose 供选择的种类： There was a big choice of shops in the small town．在这个小城里，有很多商店可供选择．4[Wal;B] well-chosen; worth choosing; very good 精选的；值得选用的；上等的：This is achoice selection of fruits.这是精选出来的水果. choosy [Wal; B] infml careful in choosing anything（喜欢）挑剔的；挑肥拣瘦的：Don＇t be sochoosy-pick one！别那么挑剔，拿一个吧！

select /sə'lekt/[T1; V3] to choose as best, most suitable，etc，from a group 精选；选拔；筛选：He selected a pair of socks to match his suit.他选了一双袜子来配衬他的西服.Which of them didyou select for the job？你选择他们当中哪一位来担任这项工作？select ［B］ chosen or choosing from a larger group（and therefore limited）挑选出来的；精选的：This is a very select group ofworkers／a very select school.这是一批精选出来的工人／一所严格挑选入校学生的学校．selection 1［U］ the act of selecting or being selected 选择； （被）挑选：She spent an hour in the shop over the selection of a new dress.她在商店里花了一小时挑选一件新衣服．2［C］something that is se-lected 选择物：The performance included some musical selections.这次演出包括一些精选的乐曲．3 ［C usu sing］ a collection of things of a kind，as of goods for sale 精选品集；供选择之物（如商品）：The shop has a fine selection of cheeses.这家商店供应各种上等干酪.selective［B］ 1 careful in choosing 仔细挑选的：With 30 people wanting the job, the employer could be selective in his choice.有三十人前来应聘，因此雇主可以仔细挑选一番．2［Wa5］ acting with，orconcerning， only certain items； not general 有选择性的；挑选的：The government placed selec-tive controls on goods brought into the country for sale.政府对出售的进口商品实行选择性的控制.This tax is selective in its effects.这种税可以有选择性地向不同对象征收.selector［C］a person or instrument that selects 挑选者；选筛器

D85 verbs 动词：picking and lifting 拾与举

pick/pik/1[T1(from)] to take up or remove, usu with the fingers or a pointed instrument, esp separately or bit by bit 抓；拿；拾；采；摘；啄（食）；剔：The little birds were picking the grain. 小鸟在啄食谷物.Let me pick that hair fromyour dress.让我把你衣服上的那根头发拿掉.Hepicked the meat from the bone.他把肉从骨头上剔下来．2［T1］ to remove unwanted things from, esp with a finger or a pointed instru-ment（尤指用手指或尖锐物件）剔除；挖：Healways picks his teeth after eating.他饭后总要剔牙．Don＇t pick your nose．不要挖鼻孔．3［T1 (in)] to make with or as with a pointed instru-ment 掘；凿（洞）；挖 （usu in the phr picka hole／holes in 凿洞；对···吹毛求疵）：The birds were picking holes in the tree for their nests. 鸟在树上啄洞筑巢．4［T1］to pull apart 撕（开）；拆（开）；扯：As this skirt fits badly I shall pick it to pieces and remake it.这条裙子太不合身，我打算把它拆了重做.

lift/lift/1 [T1(up)] to raise from one level and hold or move to another level 提起；举起；抬； 搬：Lift（up）the stone.把石头举起来.The baby was lifted onto the bed．婴儿被抱起放在床上．2[Iø] (of movable parts) to move or go upwards or outwards（指可移动的部分）向上或向外移动；提起；拔起：The top of this box won＇t lift.这箱子打不开盖．3［T1 （up）］ to raise or move upwards or to an upright position 提起；竖起： The dog lifted （up） its ears． 狗竖起了耳朵．4 [IØ] (esp of clouds, mist, etc) to move up-wards，thin out，or disappear（尤指云、雾等）消散：The clouds lifted．云消散了．5［T1］to bring to an end； remove 撤销；解除；取消：Theunpopular tax was soon lifted.这项不得人心的税收很快就取消了．6［T1］（in some games） tocause（a ball） to rise， often unintentionally（在某些球戏中）使（球）弹起（常指无意中）7［T1］infml to steal （esp small articles）偷（尤指小东西）：I＇m afraid he has been lifting things again．我怀疑他又在偷东西了．8［T1］to take anduse (other people's ideas, writings, etc) as one's own without stating that one has done so 剽窃（他人的见解、作品等）；抄袭：He liftedthat idea from her book.他那个观点是从她的书中剽窃来的．9［T1］tech to dig up （root crops， or plants），esp carefully（尤指小心地）挖出；拔起（出）（植物的根茎）10［T1（up）］ to make （the voice） loud， as in singing 提高（声音）；放声（高歌）

pluck/plak/1[D1(for);T1] to pick (a flower, fruit，or leaf）采；摘（花、水果、树叶）：He plucked her a rose. 他为她摘了一朵玫瑰.Heplucked a rose for her．他摘了一朵玫瑰花给她．2[T1 (out)] to pull (esp something unwanted) sharply（from）；pick 拔除；拔掉：She tried to pluck out some of her grey hairs.她试图把头上的一些白发拔掉.He plucked a feather from the bird＇s wing.他从鸟的翅膀拔了一根羽毛.Sheplucked the chicken (= pulled out its feathers

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before cooking it）.她给鸡拔毛（＝在烹煮前把毛拔掉）.

D86 verbs 动词：taking and putting back ［v adv T1］拿走与放回

take back to take (something which was one's own or someone＇s at an earlier time）拿走；取回：I＇ll take the money back to them.我要把钱送回去给他们.He gave me the book last weekbut now he wants to take it back.他上星期把书给了我，可现在却想拿回去.（fig）It＇s too late totake back all the terrible things you said.你想收回你说的那些胡言乱语，已经太晚了.

get back ［also 又作 D1］ genl to obtain in any way (something which was one's own or some-one＇s at an earlier time） 取回；收回；讨回：I don't know how he got the money back,but he has got it back.我不知道他是怎样把钱弄回来的，反正他已经弄回来了.Get it back for me andquickly！赶快把它给我拿回来！Get the booksback to her immediately.马上把这些书还给她.

bring back ［also 又作 D1］ to bring （something which was one's own or someone's or which happened at an earlier time） 带回；使恢复：He has brought all the money back to us.他已经把所有的钱给我们拿回来了.She wants to bringback al the old customs.她想要恢复所有的旧风俗.

put back to put (something in a place where it was at an earlier time）把（东西）放回原处：Put the money back，please.请把钱放回去.He put back all the books on their proper shelves. 他把书一一放回原来的书架上.He put（the handsof) the clock back an hour as they crossed the border.他们越过边境时，他把钟（上的时针）拨慢了一个小时.

fetch back ［also 又作 D1］ infml ＆ genl to bring， get， or take back 带回；取回；拿回；收回：Fetchback those books, please, from the other shop.请把那些书从另外那家商店拿回来.Whenyou＇re out，fetch me back a newspaper.你出去时，给我带份报纸回来.

send back 1 to direct, post, etc (something to a place where it was at an earlier time） 退还；送还；寄回：He sent the money back by post.他把钱寄回来了．2［also 又作 D1］ to send（some-thing, a message, etc) to a place where some-one wants it, esp to a place where the speaker has been 发送（尤指送往说话人所在的地方）；寄往；寄至：She sent （us） back a message that every-one was well and happy.她回了个信息给我们，说大家都健康快乐.

D87 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：restoring， returning， and regaining 送还、归还与收回

restore /rr'sto:/ [T1] usu fml 1 [(to)] to give back 送还；归还：He restored the stolen prop-

D87 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

erty.他归还了赃物.Our lost child has been restored to us．我们走失的孩子被送回来了：2 tobring back into use； introduce again 恢复；回复： They restored the old customs.他们恢复了旧的风俗习惯.Call in the army to restore law and order．召军队来恢复法律和秩序．3［（to）；usupass] to bring back to a proper state, esp of health 恢复原状；康复；复原：I feel quite restored （to health） after my holiday.假期后，我觉得体力恢复了很多．4［（to）］ to put back into a former position 还原；归还；交还：They restored him（to his old job）．他们恢复了他（原有）的职位．5 toput (old buildings, furniture or works of art) back into the original state 修补；修复（古建筑物、家具、艺术品）：They restored an old oil painting／a ruined temple.他们修补了一幅旧油画／修复了一座残破的庙宇.restoration［U；C］ theact of restoring or being restored; an example or result of this 恢复；回复；重建物；修复物replace /ri'pleis/ [T1] to put(something) back

in the right place 把（物品）放回原处：Hereplaced the book on the shelf.他把书放回书架上.replaceable ［B］ that can be replaced 可放回原处的ir-［neg］-bly ［adv］ replacement［U； C] the act of replacing or being replaced;an example or result of this 放回；归还；复位

return /rI't3:n/1 [T1 (to)] to give or send back 送还；归还；退还：Don＇t forget to return my keys！ 别忘了把钥匙还给我！We returned the emptybottles （to the shop）.我们把空瓶子退还（给商店）．2［IØ（from，to）］to come or go back 回；回来；返回：He returned home. 他回家了.She returned to London.她返回伦敦.What time does your husband return（from work）？你丈夫什么时候（下班）回来？3［TI］to answer（usedwith the actual words spoken）回答；反驳（与实际所说的话连用）：Yes，if you like！＇she returned，smiling.她笑着回答道：“好吧，如果你愿意的话！”4［T1］to bring in as a profit 获得；取得（利润）：These shares return a good rate of interest．这些股票分得的红利相当可观．5［T1］tostate officially (an amount of money), esp in answer to a demand 申报（款项）；呈报（尤指应一项要求而作出）：He returned his earnings as £7,000 on the tax declaration．在纳税申报单上， 他自报收入为七千英镑.Don＇t forget to returnthe details of what you spend.别忘了报告你的支出细目.return a favour to do a kind action in return for another 报答别人的好意／帮助return thanks fil to say that one is grateful, as in a speech or a prayer 答谢；感谢 return [U;C] the act of returning or being returned; an example or result of this 返回；回复；报答；归还；退还之物：On his return he went to see her. 他一回来就去看望她.

retrieve/ri'tri:v/1[T1(from)] to get back;find and bring back 重新得到；取回；找回；恢复：Heretrieved the gloves I left in the train.他找回了我丢在火车上的手套.This dog can retrievesticks thrown into the water.这只狗能把扔进水中的棍棒捡回来.（fig）He retrieved the poor girl from moral ruin.他挽救了那个可怜的女孩子，使她免于堕落．2［T1］ to put right； make up for （a mistake，loss，defeat，etc）挽回；补救；纠正；拯救：

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He retrieved the defeat by winning the next game．他赢了下一场比赛，从而转败为胜．3［IØ；T1］（of a dog） to bring back （shot birds）（指猎犬） 找回猎物；衔回：That＇s a dog that retrieves well. 那条狗善于找回猎物.retrieve one＇s fortunes toget money again after losing it by bad luck 重新得到（丢失或运气不佳而失去的）钱财：When helost his job he tried to retrieve his fortunes by robbing a bank.他失业后，想借着抢劫银行来发财.retrievable ［B］ able to be retrieved 可收回的；可恢复的；可挽回的；可纠正的；可缩回的ir-[neg] -bly [adv] retrieval [U] the act of retrieving or being retrieved 重新得到；收回；挽回；纠正；恢复：Retrieval of information is important in the modern world.在现代世界里， 信息的反馈是很重要的.

recover/rI'kAvə/1 [T1] to get back(something lost or taken away）重新获得；重新找回（遗失或被取走的东西）：The police recovered the stolen jewellery.警察找回了被窃的珠宝.When herecovered consciousness after the accident he asked，＇Where am I？＇当他在事故后清醒过来时，第一句话便问：“我在什么地方？”She＇s beginningto recover her strength after her fever.她退烧后，体力正开始恢复．2［IØ（from）］ to return to ausual state of health， strength，ability，etc 恢复到（健康、体力、能力等的）正常状态；复原：He isvery ill and unlikely to recover.他病得很重，不大可能康复了.He has recovered from his bad cold and can go out tomorrow.他的重感冒已经痊愈，明天就可出去了.（fig）Has the countryrecovered yet from the effects of the war？这国家从战争的创伤中恢复过来了吗？recover oneselfto get back into a proper state or position 恢复；回复原状：He almost fell，but succeeded in recovering himself.他几乎跌倒，但还是站稳了.She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.她很快就恢复平静，不哭了.recovery［U；C] the act of recovering or being recovered; an example or result of this 重获；复得；复原；痊愈：The recovery of the stolen jewellery made her happy.被窃的珠宝失而复得，使她很高兴.Hisrecovery from the illness was slow but steady. 他病后身体恢复得虽然慢但很稳定.

regain /ri'gein/ [T1] 1 to get or win back (some-thing）收回；复得；取回：He regained his health quickly．他很快就恢复了健康．2 to get back to；reach again（a place）重到；回到：The swimmer soon regained the shore.游泳者很快就游回岸边.regain one's footing/balance to get back on one＇s feet after slipping or beginning to fall 重新站住／站稳

D88 verbs ＆ nouns 动词和名词：changing and replacing 变更与取代

change/tfeind3/1 [IØ; T1] to become or make different; to have (one thing) in the place of （another）改变；变换；交换：She has changed； she is very different from the girl I once knew. 她变了，与我从前熟悉的那个少女完全不同了.Hehas changed his job; he has a different job

now.他已换了工作；现在从事另一行业.Can youchange this book？-I want a different one.能给我换这本书吗？我想要另一本．2［U；C］the actof changing or being changed; an example or result of this 改变；变化；更换；替换物：It＇s a nicechange to find him so friendly.看到他变得如此友好真是太好了.There have been a lot ofchanges in the world since 1900．自1900年以来，世界发生了很多变化.Change happens all thetime；nothing stays the same for long.事物总在不断变化，没有任何一种东西能长期维持原状.

substitute /'sAbstə,tju:t/ 1 [T1 (for)] to put (something or someone) in place of another 用（某物、某人）代替；取代：We substituted redballs for blue, to see if the baby would notice. 我们用红色球代替蓝色球，看看婴儿是否注意到.They don't like potatoes, so we substituted rice．他们不爱吃马铃薯，所以我们改吃米饭．2［IØ（for）］ to be used instead of 作代替物；替代： Water must substitute (for wine) until we can get some more wine.在我们再买来酒之前，只好用水代酒了.He substituted for （＝ took the place of） the worker who was ill.他顶替那个生病的工人. substitution ［U；C］ the act of substi-tuting or being substituted; an example or result of this 代替；（被）取代；（被）替换 substi-tute [C] something or someone that sub-stitutes for something or someone else 代替物； 代用品；代替者；替换者：Water isn＇t a propersubstitute for wine.水不能完全代替酒.

replace ／rr＇pleis／ ［T1］ to take the place of 取代； 替换；更换：George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.乔治代替爱德华任队长.replacement [U;C] the act of replacing or being replaced; an example or result of this; someone who replaces someone else（被）取代； （被）替换；替换物；代替者

stead ／sted／［U］ fml ＆ old use place 替代（in the phr in someone＇s stead 替代某人）：He went there in her stead (= to take her place). 他替她到那里去．instead ［adv Wa5］ taking the place of, or as a change from, something or someone else 代替；顶替；作为替代：I couldn＇t go，so he went instead.我不能去，因此他替我去了.Don＇t do that；do this instead.别干那个；干这个吧！instead of ［prep］ taking the place of， or as a change from (something or someone else）.代替；替换（人或物）；而不是··：Instead ofhelping her，he helped her enemies.他不但不帮助她，反去帮助她的死对头.She went instead ofhim.她替他去了.

D89 verbs 动词：getting rid of things ［T1］ 摆脱

[ALSO→H15]

get rid of to cause (something or someone) to go away，to be taken away，etc 把（某人或物）摆脱；去掉；除掉：We must get rid of all these books；we don＇t need them any more.我们必须把这些书全部处理掉，我们不再需要它们了.Pleaseget rid of those animals；they are dirty.请把那些动物弄走，它们太脏了.

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rid of [v prep D1] esp fml & emph to make (a place，etc） free from 使（某地等）摆脱；去掉：He rid the town of rats.他使该市摆脱了鼠患.

dispose of [v prep] sometimes fml to get rid of；finish with 处理；处置；去掉：Dispose of these old newspapers.把这些旧报纸扔掉.Shedisposed of all their unwanted property. 她把所有无用的物件都扔掉了.（fig）I can dispose ofhis argument easily.我很容易就能驳倒他的论点.

dispense with [v prep] often fml 1 t do with-out 省却；免掉：We shall have to dispense with the car；we can＇t afford it.我们买不起汽车，只好不买了．2 to make unnecessary 无需；没有···也行：This new office machine will dispense with the need for a secretary.办公室有了这部新机器，就不需要秘书了.

throw away [v adv T1] infml to get rid of (something), esp without being interested in what happens（to it）扔掉；抛弃：Throw away these papers; we don't need them any more. 把这些文件扔掉，我们不需要了.I＇m afraid thepapers have been thrown away.恐怕那些文件已被扔掉了.

throw out [v adv T1] to get rid of, esp from a place（从某地）撵走；抛出；扔掉：He threw theold clothes out.他把旧衣服扔掉了.Throw him out (of here) and tell him not to come back! 把他（从这里）赶出去，叫他别再回来！

take away [v adv T1] to get rid of, by carrying or leading away from a place 拿走；带走；使离去：Take these papers away； I＇m finished with them.把这些文件拿走吧，我已经看完了.

take out [v adv T1] to get rid of, by carrying, leading, lifting, cutting, etc (something or someone） out （of a place，book，etc）拿出；去掉；除去；带···出去：Take him out （of here）；I don＇t want to see him again.带走他，我不想再见到他.I don＇t like this sentence； take it out （of the paragraph）.我不喜欢这个句子，把它（从这段中）删去吧.

put away [v adv T1] to put (something)in some place so as not to be seen，etc 把（物品）收起来； 放好：Put your books away， children；we have finished today＇s work.孩子们，把书收起来吧，今天的功课到此结束.

put out [v adv T1] to put (something) outside a place 把···逐出；把···放到外面：Put the cat out for the night; I don't like it in the house at night.夜里把这只猫赶出去吧，我不喜欢它晚上在屋里.They put him out of his home because they needed it for someone else.他们把他从家里赶出去，因为他们要将那间屋给另一个人住.

get away/out [v adv T1] genl & infml to take or put （something or someone） away／out 把（物品）拿掉；把（人）赶走：Get this thing away from me！把这些东西（从我这里）拿走！Get him outof here！把他赶出去！They got the man out （of the house）.他们把那个男子（从房子里）赶了出去.cast off [v adv T1] esp old usu, lt & emot to throw away； take off forcefully 抛弃；用力脱去： He cast off his clothes and jumped into the water.他脱去衣服，纵身跳入水中.（fig）You can＇tjust cast her off like an old coat！你不能像丢掉一件旧外衣那样把她抛弃！

D91 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

D90 verbs 动词：abandoning and

removing things［T1］放弃与去掉某物

abandon /ə'bændən/ 1 to leave completely, never to return 离弃；抛弃；放弃：The sailors abandoned the burning ship.水手放弃了那条着火的船.Don＇t abandon me here！别把我扔在这儿！ 2 to leave （a relation or friend） in a thoughtless or cruel way 遗弃（亲属或友人）：He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money．他抛下妻子，带着所有的钱财走了．3to give up, esp without finishing, often to do something else 放弃（尤指未完成的工作）：Thesearch was abandoned when night fell even though the child had not been found.尽管还没有找到那孩子，但入夜后搜寻工作也就中止了.Theplan was abandoned because of the cost/in favour of another plan.由于费用过高／由于另一计划较好，这个计划被放弃了．4 to give（oneself）up completely to a feeling，desire，etc 放任；纵情；沉溺于（情感、欲望中）：He abandonedhimself to grief.他悲痛欲绝.

jettison／＇d3etəsən／often tech to get rid of 抛弃；

丢弃：They jettisoned lots of heavy equipment

to make the ship lighter.他们将船上许多重型装

备抛到海里，以减轻船的重量.（fig) He will jetti-

(

son anything and anybody if that helps his

plans.只要对他的计划有利，他可以抛弃任何东西，

或任何人.

remove /rr'muiv/1 [T1(from)] to take away （from a place）；take off 搬走；去掉；脱掉：He removed his hat.他脱下帽子.You must remove your shoes in a mosque.在清真寺里人们必须脱鞋.They removed the child from the class.他们将那个孩子从班上带走了．2［T1（from）］to getrid of；clean off 除掉；去掉；清除：Please remove the mud from your shoes. 请擦去你鞋上的泥.He tried to remove her fears by telling her what would happen.他把会发生的事告诉她，试图消除她的恐惧．3［T1（from）］fml to dismiss 免去（职务）；撤去：That officer must be removed （from his position）．那个官员必须撤职．4［IØ (from, to)] to go to live or work in another place 迁移；搬家：Our office has removed (from London to Harlow)/(to Harlow from London.）我们的办事处已经搬迁了（已从伦敦迁至哈洛）.

D91 nouns 名词： disposing of and removing things 处理与去掉某物

disposal /dr'spəuzəl/ [U9]1 the act or action of getting rid of 处理；处置；卖掉；让予：His busi-ness is waste disposal.他的工作是处理垃圾.Shearranged the disposal of their unwanted prop-erty by sale.她安排把他们不要的物件清理出来卖掉．2 the power or right to use freely 控制；使用权；（自由）处置权（esp in the phr at someone＇s disposal 由某人自由处置）：I put my car at hisdisposal.我把汽车交给他使用.My car wascompletely at his disposal.我的汽车任由他处置.

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D92 BELONGING ＆ OWNING 属于与拥有

removal /rr'mu:vəl/ [C; U] (an) act of removing 除掉；弄走；搬迁：The removal of the children made her angry.孩子们搬到外面住的事使她很生气.Removals are unpleasant， but it will be nice when we get into the new house.搬家很烦人，但迁入新居后会很舒适.

abandonment /ə'bændənmənt/ [U] the act or result of abandoning 放弃；抛弃；遗弃：Their abandonment of the plan upset her.他们放弃这项计划的事使她感到不安.

riddance /'ridəns/ [S;U] infml (a) clearing away of something unwanted 摆脱；清除无用物品（esp in the phr Good riddance！摆脱得好；清除得好）：They＇ve gone at last-good riddance （＝I＇m glad they＇ve gone）！他们终于走了-谢天谢地！

D92 verbs 动词：giving up ［T1］放弃

[ALSO→C282]

give up ［v adv； also 又作 T4］ to stop having or doing; abandon [→D90] one's use or charge of 放弃；戒掉；停止；自首：The doctor told him togive up sugar and smoking.医生要他戒糖戒烟.I＇ve given up the idea； it won＇t work.我已放弃了那个想法，它行不通.Don＇t give up hope.别心灰意冷.He gave himself up to the police.他到警察局投案自首.

surrender /sə'rendə/ to allow to pass to others; （fml）abandon；give up 被迫交出；放弃；投降；自首：They surrendered the city to the enemy.他们将城市拱手交给了敌人.You must surrenderyourself to the police. 你必须向警方投案自首.He surrendered control of the company.他放弃了公司的控制权.

yield /ji:ld/ fml esp formerly to give up control of；surrender 放弃（控制）；弃守；让出；投降；自首：They yielded （up） the city to the enemy.他们将城市拱手交给了敌人.We were forced to yieldthe city.我们被迫放弃了这个城市.

D93 verbs 动词：keeping things［T1］保存物品

keep/ki:p/ to have as one's own and not (plan to） give away 保持；保留；保存： I＇ll give you that book but I＇m keeping this one.我把那本书给你， 但这本书我要留着.He keeps his things all tohimself.他的东西谁也不给.Oh，keep your money；I don＇t want it！ 哦，收起你的钱吧，我不要！（fig）She can keep her love if it＇s so important to her； I don＇t need it. 如果她把自己的爱看得那么重，那她可以把它留着，我不需要.

keep back [v adv] to keep (usu some of some-thing） in one＇s possession 留下（一部分物品）：I kept a few pounds back and gave him the rest of the money.我留下几英镑，剩下的钱都给了他.

withhold /wið'həuld/ 1 to keep (something) back or away on purpose（有意）扣留；阻止；抑制；制止：He withheld the money until he was sure they would use it properly.到他肯定他们不会乱花钱时，他才把钱交给他们.I.think she is

withholding information from the police.我认为她对警方有所隐瞒．2 fml to say that onerefuses；not give 不给；拒绝：I withhold my agreement.我不能同意.

retain /rr'tein/1 to keep possession of; avoid losing 保持；留住；避免失去：He retaind all hishair until he was 90．他直到九十岁，头发还一根没掉．2 to hold in place 保留（在适当位置）：Theybuilt a wall to retain the water of the lake.他们筑了一道堤，保持湖水不流失.

hang/hold onto [v prep] infml 1 to (try to) keep 赖着不走；坚持；抓住···不放：We shouldhang onto the house and sell it later when the prices are higher.我们应坚持不卖这房子，等到楼价上涨了再卖.Hold onto the money；you may need it．留着这些钱吧；你也许会需要的．2（fig）tofind support or help in 倚；靠；有赖于.··；The old lady had only her religion to hang onto when her family had gone.这位老太太失去亲人后只能靠宗教信仰生活下去.

store /sto:/ 1 to keep ready for use when needed 储备；储存：Store the food in that room．把食物贮存在那间房里．2 to put or keepin a safe place 贮藏：He stored his furniture here when he went to America.他去美国时，把家具存放在这里.

D94 verbs 动词：keeping things going

［T1］维持、保养

keep／ki：p／［also 又作 X7］ to take care of and provide with necessary goods and/or services, etc 照料；赡养；保养：He keeps his sister and her children; her husband abandoned[■D90] them all.他肩负起照顾姐姐和她的子女的责任，因为姐姐的丈夫把他们遗弃了.He needs moremoney to keep his family.他需要更多的钱来养家.He keeps that car in good condition.他把那辆车保养得很好.It isn＇t easy to keep a carfree of rust［→H69］．要把车子保养得使它不生锈不是易事.

keep up [v adv] to keep (something) in good condition 维持（良好状态）；坚持；继续：How doyou keep up this big house？ 你是怎样把这幢大房子保养得这么好的？

maintain /mein'tein/ often fml 1 to keep in good condition or in operation 维持（良好状态）；保持；维修；保养：The Government main-tain the roads and schools.政府负责维修道路和学校．2 to look after，feed，clothe，etc 供养；扶养：He has a wife and three children to main-tain．他要供养妻子和三个孩子．3 to continue tokeep，usu unchanged 维护；保持：The two countries have maintained friendly relations for many years.两国多年来一直保持友好关系.

D95 nouns 名词：keeping things going ［U］保养、维持

keep/ki:p/the cost of feeding and sheltering, etc，someone 生活费：You must pay for your keep.你必须支付自己的生活费.She contributes

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