journey from here to there.从这里到那里骑马要三天／是一段漫长的火车旅程.He＇s going on／making a long journey.他要作长途旅行.I wished her a safe journey. 我祝她一路平安.'Long Day's Journey into Night'(Eugene O＇Neill）《长夜漫漫路途遥》（尤金·奥尼尔）；（fig）Life is a journey from birth to death.人生是由生到死的旅程．one＇s journey＇s end lit 1 the end of any journey 旅行目的地2 the end of one＇s life 生命的终结 break one＇s journey to interrupt one＇s journey＿中断旅行；中途逗留：He broke his journey from London to Rome at Paris.他在作从伦敦到罗马的旅行，中途在巴黎逗留.

trip/trip/[C]not fml a journey, visit, or holiday to a particular place 旅行；远足；度假：Where＇s John？-He＇s on a trip to India.约翰到哪儿去了？-他到印度旅行去了.We went for a daytrip to France，to Calais.我们去法国加莱作一日游.

stage／steid3／［C］ a part of a journey 一段旅程： They did the trip in three stages.他们的旅行分三段进行.

passage /'pæsid3/ [C] a journey or trip, esp by sea（尤指海上）航行；旅行：He enjoyed the pas-sage out to India; it was a comfortable ship. 他很喜欢去印度的那次航行，那条船很舒适.

crossing/'krosin/ [C] a journey acros the sea 横渡；渡海：The worst part of the journey be-tween London and Paris is the crossing.由伦敦至巴黎最难受的一段旅程是横渡海峡.

pilgrimage/'pilgrəmid3/1 [C; on U] a journey made by a pilgrim［→M76］朝圣；朝圣者的旅程（often in the phr go on （a） pilgrimage 去···朝圣）：Many Muslims go on pilgrimage to Mecca. 许多伊斯兰教徒都去麦加朝圣．2［C］a journeymade to visit a place for which one has a par-ticular respectful interest 拜谒（怀着敬意到特别感兴趣的地方参观）：Visitors to England often make a pilgrimage to Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare lived.到英国的人往往要去拜谒莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福.

sail /serl/1 [S] a short trip, usu for pleasure, in a boat with sails［→＞M157］航行；乘船游玩：Let＇s go for a sail this afternoon.我们今天下午乘船去游玩吧．2［U；S］ distance at sea measured by the time a ship would take to travel it 航程；航行时间：The ship was still two days＇ sail from New York when its engine broke down.船离纽约还有两天的航程，发动机却突然坏了.under saildriven by sails and wind 乘帆船航行

caravan /'kærə,væn/ [C] a group of people travelling together, esp formerly, esp in desert countries with camels［→A59］（尤指过去在沙漠地带骑骆驼的）旅行队；商队：The camel caravanwas going to Damascus.骆驼商队正往大马士革走.The caravan of men and animals began to move.这支人和牲口一起走的队伍上路了.

M76 nouns 名词：people visiting and travelling［C］参观与旅行的人

visitor /'vizitə/ [(to, from)] 1 a person who visits or is visiting (the stated or understood place

M76 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

or person）访问者；参观者；游客；客人：The chil-dren don't like having to be specially polite to visitors.孩子们不喜欢对来访者要表现得特别有礼貌.Visitors to the castle are asked not to take photographs.参观古堡的游客请勿拍照.Thecastle gets lots of visitors from America.许多美国游客来参观这个古堡．2 a bird which spendsonly part of the year in a country 候鸟：These birds are only summer visitors to Britain.这些鸟只是在夏季来英国的候鸟.

caller /'ko:lə/ a person who visits a place, esp for a short time or on business（尤指短时间的， 或因公务的）来访者；访客：Have there been anycallers while I was out？我不在时，有人来过吗？

guest /gest/ 1 a person who is in someone's home by invitation, for a short time, (as for a meal），or to stay （one or more nights）客人；宾客：He looks after his guests very well.他对客人们招待得很周到．2 a person who is invited outand paid for at a theatre， restaurant，etc（被邀请去剧院、饭店等的）客人（in the phr some-one＇s guest 某人的客人）：They are coming to the concert as my guests.他们将作为我的客人来参加音乐会．3 someone who is lodging in a hotel， or paying to stay in someone＇s home（住旅馆的）住客；（付款寄宿的）宿客：The hotelguests enjoyed their stay.这些旅馆住客住得很开心．4 ［A］ a person who is invited to perform， in a show or at a ceremony客串表演者；特邀演员：a guest artist（＝actor or singer）特邀艺术家； a guest singer 特邀歌唱家；a guest speaker 特邀演讲人

host/həust/a person, usu a man, who receives and looks after guests in his home, a hotel, etc （款待客人的）主人（通常指男性）；旅馆老板：Wewere the hosts at the party.我们是这次聚会的主人.Our host told us lots of amusing stories.我们的男主人给我们讲了许多有趣的故事.

hostess／＇həustis／1 a woman host 女主人；旅馆女老板2 the wife of a host 男主人的妻子：Ourhost and hostess looked after us well.我们的男主人和女主人对我们照料得很周到．3 a womanwhose work it is to look after travellers 女服务员：The hostesses were very pretty and good at their jobs.这些女服务员漂亮而能干.

tourist /'tuərist/ 1 a person travelling for plea-sure 旅游者；观光者：There is a cheap tourist hotel near the harbour.港口附近有一家收费低廉的观光旅馆.More tourists visit Spain for their holidays each year than any other country.每年到西班牙度假的游客比到任何其他国家的都多．2a sportsman on tour ［→M75，def 4］巡回比赛的运动员

traveller BrE, traveler AmE /'trævalə/1 a per-son who is travelling for any reason 旅行者；旅客：The train travellers arrived before the travellers on the bus.乘火车的旅客比乘公共汽车的旅客先到．2 a person who has travelled a lot 旅行家：Richard Burton was a great 19th-century traveller.理查德·伯顿是十九世纪的大旅行家.

wayfarer/'wer,feərə/ often poet a traveller esp on foot（尤指徒步的）旅行者：Many wayfarers stop here to look at the church.许多徒步旅行者

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M77 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

都在此停留，参观这座教堂.

wanderer/'wondərə/ a person who wanders, esp for pleasure or because he is lost 漫游者； 闲逛者；流浪汉；迷路者

nomad /'nəumæd/1 [often pl] a member of a tribe which travels about, esp to find grass for the animals 游牧部落的人：the nomads of the desert 沙漠的游牧者2 a person who wanders 流浪者：He walked across Europe for three months, but in the end he got tired of being a nomad.他在欧洲步行漫游了三个月，但是最后他对流浪生活厌倦了.

migrant /'maigrənt/ a person, animal, or esp bird that migrates ［→M74］or is migrating 移居者；移栖的动物；（尤指）候鸟：Not all birds aremigrants; some spend all their lives in one place.并非一切鸟类都是候鸟；有些鸟类在一个地方度过一生.Migrant workers move from country to country in search of well-paid work.流动工人从一国转到另一国，寻找工资高的工作.

emigrant /'emigrənt/ [(from, to)] a person leaving one country for another 移居国外的人： The ship carried hundreds of emigrants to the USA.这条船把数百名移民运到美国.

émigré /'emıgrei/ a person who leaves his own country, usu for political reasons, esp one who left France after the French Revolution or Russia after the Russian Revolution（因政治原因离开本国的）流亡者；（尤指法国大革命后逃离法国，或俄国革命后逃离俄国的）逃亡者：a Russianémigré 俄国流亡者；an émigré prince 流亡王子

immigrant/'Iməgrənt/ a person coming into a country from abroad to make his home there （自外国移入的）移民：There are many immigrant workers in the city.这个城市里有许多移民工人.

passenger/'pæsind3ə/ 1 a person going from one place to another in a public or private vehicle 乘客；旅客：A passenger train is faster than a goods train．旅客列车比货物列车快．2BrE infml a member of a team or other group who does not do his share of the work of the group（球队或其他团体中）不出力的成员；工作表现不佳的人

commuter/kə'mju:tə/ a person who travels daily a long distance from home to work and back again 每天远距离来回上下班的人：SomeLondon commuters spend a lot of each day travelling.伦敦一些上下班的人每天花费大量时间乘车.

voyager /'vond3ə/ a person who travels by sea (esp where risks or difficulties may be met) （尤指需冒险或面对重重困难的）航海者；航海探险者

pilgrim /'pilgrim/ a person who travels (esp a long way) to a holy place as an act of religious love and respect 朝圣者；圣地朝拜者：Christian pilgrims were travelling to Jerusalem.基督教朝圣者正向耶路撒冷进发.

M77 nouns 名词：people guiding and taking［C］带领、引路的人[ALSO→M53,55]

guide/gard/1 someone or something that shows

the way, esp someone whose job is to show a place to tourists 领路人；向导；导游：You need a guide to show you the city.你需要一位导游带领你参观这个城市：2also 又作 guide book a bookwhich gives a description of a place for the use of visitors（旅行、游览）指南；手册：I bought a guide to the city of London.我买了一本伦敦游览指南．3 ［usu sing］ something which influences or controls a person's actions or behaviour 指南；指引；指导的事物：It may notbea good thing to take your friend's experience as a guide．把朋友的经验当作指南未必是好事．4[(to)] a book which teaches the way to do somethingor gives the facts about something 人门书；指南：Im reading 'A Guide to Wine-making＇.我正在阅读一本《酿酒指南》.

escort /'esko:t/ 1 a person, often in ships or aircraft, who goes with another as a guide, helper， guard，or as an honour（常指船或飞机上的）护送者；押送者；护卫者；陪同者：The prisonertravelled under police escort (= with some policemen）.闪犯在旅途中由警察押解.Yourescorts are ready now，Mr President.总统先生， 你的护卫队现已准备好了.He was given a navalescort．他由海军护送．2 esp fml a man whotakes a woman out for the evening 陪伴者；男伴（指晚上带女子外出的男子）：Mary＇s escort ar-rived at 7 o'clock with a bunch of red roses. 玛丽的男伴带了一束红玫瑰于七点钟到达.

usher/'Afə/ a person who leads others to their seats in a theatre, cinema, church, meeting, etc（剧院、电影院、教堂、会场等公共场所的）招待员；领座员：Please follow the usher.请随领座员走.usherette/,Afə'ret/ a woman who does this, esp in a theatre or cinema（尤指剧院或电影院的）女领座员

M78 nouns 名词：travel businesses ［C］ 旅行业

travel agency an agency or business, usu or-ganized like a shop, which helps people get tickets for aeroplanes, trains, etc, go on trips, etc 旅行社 travel agent one who works in or runs such a business 旅行社的老板或职员

tourist agent/agency a travel agent/agency that hepls arrange tours， holidays，etc 旅行社老板或职员／旅行社

M79 nouns 名词：hotels，etc［C］旅馆等

[ALSO →D66,E121]

hotel /həu'tel/a building offering rooms, meals, and other services to travellers 旅馆；旅社；饭店： Have you found us a good hotel?-Yes,The Royal Hotel.你为我们找到好旅馆了吗？-找到了，皇家大旅馆.The hotel manager was very helpful.这家旅馆的经理非常帮忙.

inn/in/a hotel or place, esp outside a large town, where one can stay and/or dink alcohol,eat meals，etc（尤指大城市外提供住宿和／或酒、饭的）旅店；客栈：He spent the night at an inn.他在一

902

家旅店过夜.

guesthouse /'gest,haus/ a private house where visitors may stay and have meals for payment 客舍（可以提供膳宿的私人屋舍）；家庭旅馆：Shekeeps a guesthouse in Fort William.她在威廉堡开了一家客舍.

bed and breakfast [C;U] BrE (a place that offers) a night's lodging and breakfast the following morning 住一夜及供应次日早餐的地方：You can stay the night at a bed-and-breakfast （place）.你可以在仅供住宿和早餐的地方过夜.

boardinghouse /'bo:duj,haus/ a private lodg-ing house （not a hotel） that supplies meals 供膳食的寄宿处；供膳宿的私人房子

motel /məu'tel/ a hotel specially built for travel-ling motorists, made up of separate rooms or huts each with space for a car（附有停车场设施的）汽车旅馆

hostel/'hpstal/ a building in which certain types of person can live and eat, as for students, young people working away from home, etc, often for a small payment（供学生、青年工人膳宿的廉价）宿舍；招待所 youth hostel a hostelfor esp younger people walking around the countryside on holiday, for which they pay small amounts of money（为在乡间徒步旅行度假的青年开设的）青年招待所；青年旅舍

hostelry／＇hpstəlri／ old use ＆ humor an inn 小旅店；小客栈：He drinks at our local hostelry.他常在我们本地的小酒馆里喝酒.

M80 nouns 名词：in hotels，etc 旅馆内部等

reception /rr'sepfən/[U] the office or depart-ment that receives visiors to a hotel or large organization 接待处；总服务台：Leave your key at reception.请把钥匙留在接待处.Ask thereception clerk.请询问（旅馆）接待员.

desk/desk/ [S] not fml the reception of a hotel （旅馆的）接待处；服务台：Leave your keys at thedesk as you go out.外出时，请把钥匙留在接待处.

lobby／＇lpbi／［C］ the entrance hall of a hotel（旅馆的）门厅；大堂：I＇ll meet you in the （hotel） lobby in fve minutes.五分钟后我在（旅馆）大堂跟你会合.

room/ru:m/ [C] a room esp for sleeping in, in a hotel（旅馆里的）房间；客房：Can I have a roomfor the night，please？请问，我可以要一个房间过夜吗？double room a room for two people 双人房间 single room a room for one person 单人房间

suite/swi:t/[C] a set of rooms esp in a large hotel（大旅馆的）套房：He has a suite on the fifth floor.他在五楼租有一个套房.

quarters/'kwo:təz/ [P] rooms,lodgings,etc esp for the night（尤指供过夜的）房间；住处：Let meshow you to your quarters.我来领你去你的住处.

M81 nouns，etc 名词等：people in hotels， etc［C］旅馆等的服务人员

receptionist /ri'sepfənist/ a person who re-

M83 TRAVEL ＆ VISITING 旅行与参观

ceives people arriving in a hotel, visiting a doctor，etc（旅馆、诊所等的）接待员；招待员；总台服务员

porter /'po:tə/ 1 a man in charge of the en-trance to a hotel，school，hospital，etc（旅馆、学校、医院等的）看门人；门房 2 a personemployed to carry travellers' bags at railway stations，airports，etc（车站、机场等的）行李搬运工人 3 a person employed to carry loads at markets（市场上的）货物搬运工人

page／peid3／1 also 又作 page boy a boy servant in a hotel（旅馆的）小听差；童仆2［TÍ］ to call(someone in a hotel) to reception, a tele-phone，etc（旅馆侍者）叫名找（人）到服务台或接电话：Page Mr John Smith，please.请叫名约翰·史密斯先生的到服务台（或接电话）.

doorman /'do:,mæn/ esp AmE a man at the door of a large hotel（大旅馆的）看门人；门房

commissionaire /kə,mıfə'neə/ a doorman, esp in a special uniform, at the entrance of a large hotel（尤指大旅馆的穿特别制服的）看门人；司阍：The commissionaire will call a taxi for you, sir.先生，门房将为你叫一辆计程车.

M82 verbs 动词：in hotels，travelling，etc 住旅馆、旅行等

book/buk/[D1 (for); T1; IØ (up)] to buy or ar-range to have (tickets, rooms, etc) before the time when one uses them 预订；订（票、房间等）：He has booked a room （for us）.他（替我们）订了一个房间.He has booked us a room in thehotel.他替我们在旅馆里订了一个房间.Book（tickets） for me，please.请替我订购（几张票）. Book now； there aren＇t many places left.现在就订吧，剩下的空位不多了.

reserve /rI'z3:v/ [T1] 1 to keep (for a special purpose）储备；保存；保留：reserve one＇s strength／ some money 保存体力／储备一点钱；These seatsare reserved for old and sick people.这些座位是留给老人和病人的．2［also 又作D1］esp AmEto book 预订：Reserve （me） a seat on the plane，please.请（替我）订一个飞机座位.

hold/həuld/[T1] to reserve (tickets, rooms,etc) for a length of time 保留（票、房间等）：They will hold the rooms for us till Friday, but we must tell them by then whether we want them or not.他们将为我们保留这些房间到星期五，但到那时，我们就必须告诉他们我们是否要.

M83 nouns 名词：in hotels， travelling， etc 住旅馆、旅行等

booking /'bukn/ [C; U] act of booking, esp a seat（尤指座位的）预订；订票；售票：All bookingsmust be made at least three weeks in ad-vance.所有座位必须至少提前三星期预订.Book-ing well in advance is necessary.必须及早订票. You can get tickets at the booking office.你可以在售票处买到票.

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M90 VEHICLES 车辆

reservation/ rezə'verfən/ [C;U] esp AmE a booking 预订：He made all the reservations for our holiday well in advance.我们去度假所需的一切他很早就预订好了.Do you have roomreservations，sir？先生，你订房了吗？

ticket/'tikit/ [C] a piece of paper or card or a small book allowing a person onto an aero-plane,bus, train, etc, into a theatre,cinema, etc 票；入场券：Do you have all the tickets？所有的票你都有了吗？You can get more tickets atthe ticket office.你在售票处可买到更多的票.

seat/si:t/[C] a place to sit in an aeroplane, bus, theatre，etc（飞机、公共汽车、剧院等的）座位：Allthe seats are taken／full／reserved／paid for.所有座位都已有人／满座／预订／卖出.

vacancy /'veikənsi/ [C] an empty seat,room, etc 空位；空房间：There are no vacancies on the flightlin the hotel.这班机已没有空座位／这家旅馆已没有空房间.

place／pleis／［C］ infml a vacancy 空座位：Are there any places left on Flight 241 to New York？飞往纽约的241次班机还有空座位吗？Isthat place taken，or can I have it？那个座位有人坐吗？如果没人，我可以坐吗？

Vehicles and transport on land

陆上交通工具与运输

M90 nouns 名词：transport 运输

transport /'trænspo:t/, AmE usu transpor-tation/trænspo:'teifən/ [U] 1 the act of trans-porting or condition of being transported [■M51］运输：The transport of goods by air costs a lot．空运货物很贵．2 a means or system ofcarrying people or goods from one place to another 运输工具；运输系统：Moscow＇s public-transport system is very good.莫斯科的公共交通系统很好.Many people prefer private transport in their cars to public transport on buses and trains.许多人喜欢乘坐私人汽车，而不喜欢乘坐公共汽车与火车.

means of transportation [Wn3; C] a way of transporting or being transported 运输工具：What means of transportation do you have？-I go by car.你怎么去？（你用什么交通工具？）-我坐汽车去.

traction /'trækfən/ [U] 1 the act of drawing or pulling a heavy load over a surface 拖拉；牵引2 the form or type of power used for this 牵引力：steam traction 蒸汽牵引力

haulage /'ho:lid3/ [U] 1 a the business of carry-ing goods by road 公路货运业：road haulage 公路货运b the charge for this 运费 2 the act ofhauling搬运；拖曳

transit/'trænsit/ [(in) U] an act of moving or being moved over a distance 运输；运送：The goods were lost in transit.货物在运输途中遗失了.

M91 nouns ＆ adjectives 名词和形容词：vehicles generally 车辆

vehicle /'vi:ikəl/ [C] 1 something in or on which people or goods can be carried from one place to another，esp 交通工具；运输工具（尤指）a along roads, usually having wheels (such as a carriage, bicycle, car, cart, taxi, or bus) but sometimes made to slide over snow or ice 车辆（如马车、自行车、汽车等；或雪上、冰上的交通工具）：At 5 o＇clock the roads from the city are crowded with vehicles of all kinds.五点钟时出城的道路上挤满了各种车辆.b through space 太空交通工具（esp in the phr space vehicle 航天器）2［（for）］（fig） something by means of which something else can be passed on or spread 传播媒介：Impure drinking water can be a vehicle for disease.不干净的饮用水可成为传播疾病的媒介.Television has become an impor-tant vehicle for spreading political ideas.电视已成为传播政治观点的重要媒介．3［（for）］（fig）ameans for showing off a person＇s abilities（炫耀才能的）手段：The writer wrote the big part in his play simply as a vehicle for the famous actress.作家在剧本中写了这个重要角色只是为了给那位著名女演员提供用武之地．vehicular ［Wa5；B] of, concerning, having, or like a vehicle or vehicles 车辆的；用车辆运载的：vehicular trans-port 车辆运输

conveyance /kən'verəns/ [C] fml & pomp a vehicle that can take a person from one place to another 运输工具；车辆：That＇s a fine con-veyance！那是个很不错的运输工具呀！

horse-drawn /'ho:s,dro:n/ [Wa5; B] (of vehi-cles） pulled or drawn by a horse or horses（指交通工具）马拉的：The city was once filled with horse-drawn transport, but now it is all powered vehicles.从前这个城市的交通工具是马车，现在都改用机动车了.

powered /'pauəd/ [Wa5; B often in comb](of vehicles) supplied with or producing working force in a stated way or of a stated degree（指交通工具）有动力装置的；产生动力的；以···为动力的：Powered transport is common everywhere in the world.动力交通工具在世界各地都很普遍.It is a rather low-powered engine.那是一台低功率发动机.

tracked /trækt/ [Wa5; B] (of vehicles) running on continuous rolling tracks and not wheels （指交通工具）有履带的：Tanks［■H248］ aretracked vehicles.坦克是履带式车辆.

amphibious /æm'fibiəs/ [Wa5; B] (of vehicles) able to move both on land and in water（指交通工具）水陆两用的：Some kinds of tanks areamphibious.有些坦克是水陆两用的.

articulated /a:'tikjulertid/ [Wa5; B] (of vehicles) having parts joined in a way that allows easy movement（指交通工具）拖挂式连接的；铰接式的：An articulated vehicle is usually a large one in which the front part with the engine can be separated from the large carrying part and which can bend or turn easily where the two parts join.拖挂式车辆通常很大，装有引擎的车头

904

部分可与后面装货的车身脱开，两节连接处能灵活转弯或转向.

heavy goods vehicle [C] a large truck [→M94］ which carries large amounts of goods 载重车；重型卡车

M92 nouns 名词： special， usu older，

kinds of vehicles ［C；by U］ 旧时专用车辆

cart/ka:t/1 a usu two-wheeled wooden vehicle drawn by an animal, esp a horse and used for farming or for carrying goods 农事或运货用的两轮畜力车（尤指马车）2 any of various types ofsmall light wooden vehicles with two or four wheels and moved by hand（两轮或四轮的）手推车 cart load the amount a cart can carry-车的装载量

waggon BrE, wagon AmE /'wægən/ a strong four-wheeled road vehicle, mainly for heavy loads，drawn by horses or oxen 四轮运货马车（牛车）waggon load the amount a waggon can carry一马车（牛车）的装载量

dray/drei/ a low strong four-wheeled cart with-out sides， used for carrying heavy loads（边上无拦板的矮身）四轮大车

float /fləut/ any large usu flat vehicle, esp one carrying something to be seen in a procession 大型平板车；（尤指游行时用的）彩车；花车；装载展品的车辆

carriage /'kærid3/ 1 a wheeled vehicle, esp a private horse-drawn vehicle 车；（尤指私人用的） 马车2 a wheeled support for moving a heavy object，esp a gun（可用以移动重物的）有轮支架（尤指炮架）：gun carriages 炮架 3 a movable part of a machine（机器的）滑动架：This print-ing machine has a carriage which holds and moves the paper.这台印刷机有一个滑动架，它能固定并移动纸张.carriage and pair a wheeled vehicle pulled by two horses 双马车

coach /kəutf/ a large enclosed four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage, used esp in former times or in official ceremonies（尤指旧时的或典礼时用的）四轮轿式大马车 coach load theamount a coach can carry 一车的装载量

stagecoach /'steid3,kəutj/ a coach which took people in stages on a long journey, the horses being changed at the end of each state [→M75］公共马车；驿站马车

buggy /'bagi/ a light carriage pulled by one horse, made with two wheels in Britain and with four wheels in the USA（一匹马拉的）轻便马车（英式有两轮，美式有四轮）

gig/gig/ a small two-wheeled carriage drawn by one horse（一匹马拉的）双轮轻便马车

trap/træp/ a small two-wheeled cart pulled by one horse（一匹马拉的）双轮轻便马车

chariot/'tfæriət/ a two-wheeled horse-drawn seatless vehicle used in ancient times in battles and processions（古代作战和列队行进用的）双轮无座马车；马拉战车

M93 VEHICLES 车辆

M93 nouns 名词：lighter motor vehicles， etc［C］轻型机动车辆等

car／ka：／1 ［also 又作 by U］ a vehicle with three or usu four wheels and driven by a motor, esp one for carrying people 汽车；小汽车；小轿车：The car has given man the freedom to travel when and where he wants.汽车给人们带来了可随时往来各处的自由.We came by car.我们是乘汽车来的．2 any small vehicle in which people or goods are carried as part of a balloon, airship，etc（气球、飞艇等的载人或装货用的）吊舱car load the amount a car can carry 一车的装载量

motorcar／＇məutə，ka：／ BrE fml a car 汽车motor／＇məutə／BrE becoming rare a car 汽车automobile／＇ortəmə，bi：l／［also 又作 by U］ esp AmE a car 汽车

auto／＇o：təu／esp AmE infml abbrev a car 汽车jeep／d3i：p／［also 又作 by U］ a type of small car suitable for travelling over rough ground 吉普车；小型越野汽车

taxi／＇tæksi／［also 又作by U］ a car which may be hired by the public along with its driver, the price of a journey usu being calculated by a special machine （taximeter）计程车；出租汽车； 的士：Let＇s take a taxi.我们乘计程车吧.Taxi！的士！

cab／kæb／1［also 又作 by U］ esp AmE a taxi 计程车；出租汽车；的士：Shall we walk or take acab？我们步行还是乘计程车？Shall we walk orgo by cab？我们步行还是乘计程车？2［also 又作by U] formerly a horse-drawn carriage for hire 出租马车 3 the part of a bus， railway engine, etc in which the driver sits or stands （公共汽车、机车等的）司机室

taxicab／＇tæksi，kæb／fml a taxi 计程车；出租汽车； 的士

saloon/sə'lu:n/ BrE, sedan /sr'dæn/ AmE a car for four to seven passengers, with a roof, closed sides，and windows（可容纳四至七个乘客的）大轿车

estate （car） ／I＇steit （ka：）／ also 又作 old use shooting brake BrE, station wagon AmE a private motor vehicle which carries both people and goods, with folding or removable back seats and doors at the back which can be opened to put bags， cases， etc inside 旅行车； （私用）客货两用轿车（设有可折叠或移动的后座和后门，以便易于装运行李等）

sports car a fast usu smaller and lighter car with a top that folds back and down 小型轻便跑车（车顶可向后折叠）；敞篷跑车：He took herout in his new red sports car.他开着新买的红色跑车带她出去.

limousine /'limə,zi:n/ a large car with the driver's seat separated from the back by a sheet of glass（司机座位用玻璃与后面隔开的）大型高级轿车

M94 VEHICLES 车辆

M94 nouns 名词：heavier motor vehicles ［C；byU］重型机动车辆

van /væn/ a covered road vehicle for carrying goods and sometimes people（有盖的）货车（有时也载人）：a baker＇s van 运载面包的货车；apolice van 警车 van load the amount a van can carry 一车的装载量

lorry /'lpri/ a large motor vehicle for carrying big goods 运货汽车；卡车；货车 lorry load theamount a lorry can carry 一卡车的装载量

truck／trak／1 esp AmE a lorry 卡车；载重汽车2a fairly large vehicle with an open back, used for carrying goods（后面敞开的）大型货车 truckload the amount a truck can carry 一卡车的装载量

rig／rig／ AmE infml a large truck 大型卡车；拖斗车

artic /'a:tik/ BrE infml abbrev an articulated ［■M91］lorry 拖挂式卡车；铰接式卡车

tanker /'tænkə/ a heavy lorry with a large tank for carrying oil or other liquids 运油（或其它液体）车

tractor /'træktə/ a powerful motor vehicle with large wheels and thick tyres used for pulling farm machinery (ploughs, drills, etc) or other heavy objects（见787页彩图）拖拉机；牵引机

-tonner /-'tAnə/[comb form] a vehicle weighing a stated number of tons 载重···吨的车：The lorry is a three-tonner.这部卡车载重量为三吨.

-wheeler /-'wi:lə/[comb form] a vehicle with a certain number or type of wheels 有···轮的车： A three-wheeler is a car with three wheels.三轮车是一种有三个轮子的汽车.

M95 nouns 名词：buses，etc［C；by U］公共汽车等

bus /bAs/ a large passenger-carrying motor vehicle, esp one which carries the public on payment of small amounts 大型客车；公共汽车；巴士：He travels to work by bus.他乘公共汽车上班.She ran to catch her bus.她跑去赶公共汽车.He missed both the buses and had to take a taxi.他两辆公共汽车都没赶上，只好乘计程车.busload the amount a bus can carry 公共汽车的载客量

omnibus ／＇pmnə，bas／ fml ＆ old use a bus 公共汽车

coach /kəutf/ BrE a bus used for long-distance travel or touring 长途公共汽车；观光旅游车：Wewent by coach.我们乘长途汽车去.coach loadthe amount a coach can carry 长途公共汽车的载客量

minibus／＇mını，bas／ a small bus小客车；小巴

double-/single-decker (bus) a bus with two floors／one floor 双层／单层公共汽车（巴士）

M96 nouns 名词：bicycles and

motorcycles，etc ［C；by U］自行车与摩托车等

[ALSO→M103,104]

bicycle/'barsikal/ a two-wheeled vehicle which one rides by pressing the feet on pedals [→M103］ which turn a chain wheel（见939页彩图）自行车；脚踏车：to ride a bicycle 骑自行车；togo／come by bicycle 骑自行车去／来

(pedal) cycle /('pedl)'saikal/ more fml a bicycle 自行车；脚踏车

（push） bike ／（puf） bark／infml a bicycle 自行车； 踏脚车

tricycle/'traisikəl/ a three-wheeled vehicle, like a bicycle with one wheel at the front and two side by side at the back， esp for a child 三轮脚踏车（尤指供小孩骑的）

trike／traik／infml a tricycle 三轮脚踏车

motorcycle /'məutə,sarkal/ a large heavy vehicle like a bicycle， driven by an engine 摩托车

motorbike /'məutəbaik/ 1 infml BrE a motor-cycle 摩托车2 AmE a small light motorcycle 小型轻便摩托车

moped /'məuped/ a bicycle which has a small engine, to help the rider esp when going up-hill机动脚踏两用车；机动自行车

scooter /'sku:tə/ a small light vehicle like a motorcycle, in which the rider's legs are to-gether in front of the seat and not one on either side as in a motorcycle（一种形似摩托车的）小型轻便摩托车（骑车人的双腿放在车座的前面）；速克达机车

invalid carriage /'ınvəlıd 'kærıd3/ a usu three-wheeled vehicle like a tricycle, with or without a motor, for persons who cannot walk easily or at all 残疾人坐的三轮车（机动或非机动）

M97 nouns 名词： persons driving vehicles，etc［C］驾驶车辆的人员等

driver /'draivə/ [often in comb] a person (skilled in) driving any vehicle such as a car, bus，train，etc 汽车驾驶员；司机：He is a good driver.他是一个好司机.The bus driver drove well.那位公共汽车驾驶员车开得好.

chauffeur /'fəufə/ a person, usu in uniform, whose work it is to drive a car for someone else（通常穿制服的）私人司机：He has a bigchauffeur-driven car.他有一辆由私人司机驾驶的大汽车.

guard/ga:d/ BrE a railway official in charge of a train（火车上的）列车长

conductor/kən'daktə/1 BrE a person who sells tickets on a bus，etc（公共汽车等的）售票员；车掌2AmE a guard on a train（火车上的）列车长conductress /kən'daktris/ BrE a female con-

ductor（公共汽车等的）女售票员；女车掌

coachman /'kəutfmən/ a person employed to drive a horse-drawn coach 马车夫

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M103 VEHICLES 车辆

motorist /'məutərist/ a person who drives and trolley /'trpli/ a small cart with two or four

usu owns a car 驾驶汽车（通常指自己的汽车）的

人

wheels that is pushed by hand（两轮或四轮）手

推车：Bring in the tea trolley （＝the trolley with

tea cups， etc on it）.请把茶点车推来.

pram /præm/ esp BrE a four-wheeled carriage,

pushed by hand, in which a baby can sleep or

be taken about 四轮婴儿车

perambulator /pə'ræmbjuleıtə/ full name,fml

＆old use a pram 四轮婴儿车

（baby） buggy ／（＇beibi） ＇bagi／ AmE a pram 婴儿

车

pushchair/'puf-tfeə/ BrE,stroller/'strəulə/

AmE a small usu folding chair on wheels for

pushing a small child about（折叠式）坐式婴孩

车

trailer /'treilə/ a cart or wagon pulled along by a

powered vehicle（见787页彩图）拖车；挂车

M99 nouns 名词： vehicles for living in

［C］供居住用的车辆 [ALSO→D3]

caravan /'kærə,væn/ BrE,trailer/'treilə/AmE

a vehicle that can be pulled by a car, which

contains apparatus for cooking, beds for

sleeping, etc and in which people can live, usu

for holidays（有食宿设备的）拖车（通常供度假用）

caravanette ／kærəvə＇net／ also 又作 motor

caravan， also 又作 tdmk dormobile ／＇do：mə-

bi:l/BrE,camper /'kæmpə/ AmE a van[→

M94］ with seats and beds，usu for holidays（有

座位和床的）大篷车（通常供度假用）

mobile home genl any kind of caravan, cara-

vanette，etc（汽车拖的）活动住宅；拖车式活动房

屋

motor home AmE a large caravanette 汽车住宅

M100 nouns 名词：parts of vehicles

（outside）（见938页彩图）汽车的部件（外

部）

M101 nouns 名词：parts of vehicles

（inside）（见938页彩图）汽车的部件（内

部）

M102 nouns 名词：the chassis and the

（internal combustion） engine（见 939

页彩图）汽车底盘与（内燃）发动机

M103 nouns 名词：parts of a bicycle

（见939页彩图）自行车的部件 [ALSO→M96]

charioteer /,tfæriə'trə/ the driver of a chariot （古代）战车驾驶者

cyclist /'saiklist/ a person who rides and usu owns a bicycle 骑自行车（通常指自己的自行车）的人

bicyclist／＇baI，siklist／more fml a cyclist 骑自行车的人

motorcyclist/'məutə,sarklist/ a person who rides and usu owns a motorcycle 骑摩托车（通常指自己的摩托车）的人

road-user /rəud'ju:zə/ a person who uses a road in any way, but esp a motorist, cyclist, etc 车道使用者（尤指驾驶汽车或骑自行车的人等）；道路使用者

pedestrian /pə'destriən/ 1 a person walking （esp in a street or other place used by cars）步行者；行人（尤指在街道上或汽车行驶的地方走路的人）：Pedestrians are said to cause many car accidents.据说许多车祸都是行人引起的.2[A]arare connected with walking； done on foot 徒步的；步行的：a pedestrian tour round the town 徒步环城观光 b for pedestrians 为行人而设的：This is a pedestrian area; no cars are allowed here.这是行人区，禁止汽车通行.

M98 nouns 名词：smaller special vehicles，etc［C］小型专用车辆等

barrow /'bærəu/ 1 a kind of table on two or four wheels which can be pushed about, on which goods are put to be sold in street markets（商贩卖货用的）两轮（或四轮）手推车2infml a wheelbarrow 独轮手推车 3 a handcart 手推（或手拉）小车

wheelbarrow /'wi:l,bærəu/ a movable con-tainer with one wheel at the front, two han-dles at the back and a four-cornered part in which things can be carried, such as earth in a garden 独轮手推车

wheelchair/'wi:l'tfeə/ a chair with large wheels which can be turned by the sitter; a chair in which a person who cannot walk can be pushed from place to place（病人等用的）轮椅

bath chair [often cap B] a wheelchair with a covering for the top and sometimes for the sides, in which sick people can be pulled or pushed from place to place（供病人用的、顶部和旁边有遮盖的）轮椅

handcart/'hænd,ka:t/ a small cart which can be pushed or pulled by hand 手推（或手拉）车

pushcart /'puf,ka:t/ a small cart pushed by hand,as used by a street trader selling fruit, for carrying shopping in a large store， etc（水果商贩用的或在大商店购物时用的）手推车

go-cart／＇gəu，ka：t／1 a handcart 手推（或手拉）车2 a small cart for a child to ride in 小童车 3also 又作 go-kart a small low light vehicle with a motor used for racing（一种车身很低的）小型赛车

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M104 VEHICLES 车辆

M104 nouns 名词：related to

motorcycles 与摩托车有关的 [ALSO→M96]

motorcycle combination

附有侧车的摩托车

M105 nouns，etc 名词等：garages and servicing 加油站与维修

garage /'gæra:3/ [C] a place where petrol is sold，cars are kept and repaired， etc 加油站；汽车房（或库）；汽车修理厂：I＇m going to the garageto get some petrol.我去加油站买点汽油.Thegarage owner wasn＇t there.汽车房的主人不在.

filling station also 又作 petrol station BrE， also 又作 gas station AmE ［C］ a place where motorists［→M97］can buy petrol 汽车加油站

forecourt /'fo:,ko:t/ [C] the open space in a garage or filling station where petrol is sold （加油站的）前院

pump/pamp/[C] the apparatus in a garage or filling station through which petrol can pass into the tank of a vehicle（加油站的）抽油泵

ramp /ræmp/ [C] (in a garage) an apparatus for raising a vehicle above the ground so that one can work underneath it（维修汽车用的）提升装置；千斤顶

servicing ／＇s3：visin／ also 又作 maintenance /'memtənəns/ [U] the activity of keeping a vehicle in good running condition 维修：Do you do servicing at this garage？你们在这个汽车修理店修车吗？

service／＇s3：vis／1［C］an act of servicing 检修；维修：Bring your car in for its 10,000-mile service next Tuesday.下星期二请把你那辆已走了一万英里的汽车送来作例行检修．2［T1］ to provideservicing for 检修；维修：We＇ll service your car next Tuesday.下星期二我们将检修你的汽车.Hasyour car been serviced recently？你的汽车最近检修过吗？

M106 nouns 名词：trams［C］（有轨）电车

tram／træm／also 又作 tramcar／＇træm，ka：／［also 又作by U］ a public vehicle， usu driven by elec-tricity， that runs along rails set in the road（有轨）电车

car／ka：／［also 又作 by U］ a carriage or vehicle for use on rails or a heavy wire（a cable）火车、电车或缆车的车厢

streetcar／＇stri：t，ka：／ ［also 又作 by U］ AmE a tram 市内有轨电车

trolley bus ［also 又作 by U］ a bus with a kind of pole at the top with a small wheel at the end (a trolley) that connects it to an electric wire so that it can run 无轨电车

cable car ［also 又作 by U］ a car that ispulled by a moving cable, for travelling up and down mountains（上下山旅游用的）缆车；索车；吊车

roller coaster ［also 又作 by U］ a small railway with steep slopes and sharp curves, found in amusement parks（游乐园中轨道倾斜盘绕的）云霄飞车；过山车

tramline／＇træm，laın／also 又作 tramway／＇træm-，wei／the lines on which trams run 有轨电车的轨道

carrying cable the cable that carries a cable car（缆车、索车、吊车的）缆索；牵引钢缆；支承索overhead wire the wire that provides elec-

tricity for trams，trolley buses，etc（给电车等供电的）高架电线

M107 nouns，etc 名词等：railways 铁路

railway /'reil,wei/ BrE, railroad /'reil,rəud/ AmE1［C；U］tracks for trains 铁道；铁路2［C；by U] a system of these tracks, with its engines, stations，officials，etc 铁路系统（包括铁路、机车、车站、管理人员等）：He got a job as a clerk on therailway.他在铁道部门找了一份文职的差事.Heworks in a railway station.他在火车站工作.

underground ／＇Andə＇graund／ also 又作 tube ／tju：b／BrE，also 又作 subway／＇sAb，wei／AmE [the R;C; by U] a railway system in which the trains run in tubes under the earth, esp (in Britain） the one in London 地下铁道

rail /reil/1 [C; U] one of the pair of metal bars fixed to the ground, along which a train runs 铁轨；钢轨：The accident was caused by some of the rails becoming bent in the heat.事故是由于一些铁轨因高温而弯曲所致．2［A；by U］ therailway 铁路：rail travel 铁路旅行；send it／travel by rail 由铁路运送／乘火车旅行

rails／reilz／［P］ railway track 铁路轨道：They laid （＝put down） the rails quickly.他们铺设铁轨的速度很快.jump the rails （of a train） to leave the track suddenly（and dangerously）（指火车） 突然出轨

line ／lam／also 又作 track／træk／［C；U］（a） rail-way track, esp when used or ready for use and including the sleepers，ballast，etc 铁路轨道（尤指铺有枕木、道砟等的已使用或准备使用的轨道）：There are some animals on theline／track.铁

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道上有一些牲口在走.

sleeper /'sli:pə/ BrE, (cross)tie /(krps) tar/ AmE [C] one of the large heavy pieces of wood, metal, etc used to support railway lies 铁路枕木；轨枕

ballast/'bæləst/ [U] 1 broken stones, etc placed under a railway line to make it firm and safe for trains 石砟（铺在铁轨下面的碎石）；道砟2anyheavy material used to make anything heavy, strong，or steady 压载物

permanent way [the R] BrE a railway track, sleepers， and ballast 铁路轨道（铁轨、枕木、道砟的合称）

gauge /geid3/ [C] the distance between the rails of a railway or between the wheels of a train，etc（铁道的）轨距；（火车等的）轮距：Thistrack is standard gauge， not narrow gauge.这铁轨是标准轨距，不是窄轨.

tunnel /'tanl/ [C] a hole, usu long, made in a hill,etc, through which a railway line can pass 隧道：The train went into a tunnel.火车驶进了隧道.

cutting /'katny/ [C] a passage cut through higher land so that a railway, road, etc can pass 为使铁路、公路等通过而在高地开凿出来的平路面；路堑

siding /'saidir/ [C] a short railway track con-nected to a main track, used for loading and unloading， for carriages not in use， etc（铁路） 侧线；旁轨（供装卸货物和停放不用的车厢等用）

points/pomnts/[P] BrE a pair of short rails that can be moved to allow a train to cross over from one track to another（铁道的）转辙器；道岔（供火车转轨用）

switch／switf 1 ［C］a set of points（铁道的一组） 转辙器；道岔2［T1］to move（a train，etc）from one set of rails, line, position, etc to another 扳（铁道的）道岔；使（火车等）转辙；调车

junction /'d3ankfən/ [C sometimes cap] a place where two or more railway lines meet, with points，signals，etc（铁道的）联轨点；联轨站；枢纽站：The train doesn＇t stop at Crewe Junction. 这次列车不停靠克鲁站.

signal /'signəl/[C] an apparatus with lihts,red for stopping and green for moving, at the side of a railway line（铁道旁的）信号器；信号灯：Thesignals were red，so the train stopped.信号灯是红色的，所以火车停了下来.

signal box [C] a small building, esp at a junc-tion， where signals are worked（铁路上的）信号房；信号楼

gradient /'greidiənt/ [C] a slope on a railway line（铁路上的）坡路

level crossing BrE, grade crossing AmE a place where a road crosses a railway,often with special gates to stop vehicles when a train is coming or passing（铁路和公路的）平面交叉点；平交道（口）；铁路道口（常设栅栏）

M108 nouns 名词：trains 火车

train/trem/ [C; by U] a line of connected rail-way carriages drawn by an engine 火车；列车：a

M109 VEHICLES 车辆

goods／passenger train 货物／旅客列车；Did you fly or come by train？你是乘飞机来的还是乘火车来的？Hurry or you＇ll miss the train！快一点，否则你会误了火车的！

engine ／＇end3ən／ also 又作 locomotive／ ləukə-＇məutrv／［C］ a machine which pulls trains 机车； 火车头

loco／＇ləukəu／ ［C］ infml abbrev a locomotive 机车；火车头

express (train) /Ik'spres(trem)/[C] a fast train 快车：The 9：30 express to London leaves from platform 4．九点半开往伦敦的快车从四号站台开出.

carriage /'kærid3/ BrE, car /ka:/ AmE [C] a railway passenger vehicle（火车）客车车厢：I＇ll be sitting in the third carriage from the engine. 我将坐在机车后面的第三节车厢内.

coach/kəutf [C] esp BrE a railway passenger carriage，esp for day travel（火车）客车车厢（尤指供白天旅行没有卧铺的）

（goods） waggon ／（gudz） ＇wægən／，also 又作truck /trak/[C] BrE an open railway vehicle for carrying goods（铁路的）货车；无盖货车

(freight) car /(freit) ka:/ [C] AmE a goods waggon（铁路的）货车

van /væn/ [C] a covered railway carriage for carrying heavy goods and sometimes people （铁路的）有盖货车（用以载运笨重货物，有时也载人）：luggage van 行李车

guard's van [C] BrE the van often at the end of a train， in which the guard travels 列车长车厢（通常在车尾）

trolley /'trpli/ [C] a type of railway truck that can be pushed or driven by hand（铁路的）手摇车；手摇查道车

rolling stock [U] everything on wheels that be-longs to a railway, such as engines and car-riages（铁路的）全部车辆（例如机车和客车厢）

dining car also 又作 diner， restaurant car， buffet car [C] a carriage on a train where meals are served（火车上的）餐车

sleeping car also 又作 sleeper ［C］ a carriage on a train where people can sleep at night（火车上的）卧车

M109 nouns 名词：places relating to

railways，travel，etc［C］与铁路、旅行等有关的场所

station／＇sterfən／，also 又作 depot／＇depəu／AmE a building, etc where passengers or goods are taken on and let off trains， buses，etc 站；车站： Can you tell me the way to the (railway) sta-tion？请问去火车站怎么走？He was standing onthe station platform.他站在车站的站台上.The bus station is in the centre of the town.公共汽车站在市中心.

terminus /'tз:mənəs/ the end of a railway line or of a distance travelled by a bus，etc（铁路、公共汽车等的）终点站：I＇ll meet you at theterminus.我将在终点站接你.

platform/'plæt,fo:m/ the raised level surface in

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M110 VEHICLES 车辆

a railway station alongside the rails,on which passengers can stand, etc when getting on and off trains（火车站的）站台；月台

buffer/'bafə/ one of a set of twolarge strong pieces of metal on hidden springs placed at the ends of railway lines and on railway en-gines, to lessen the force if an engine does not stop when it should，etc（利用弹簧来减轻撞击的）缓冲器（装在铁道的终端和机车上）；防撞栅

waiting room a place where people can sit while waiting for a train, bus, or other service 候车室；等候室

left luggage (office) BrE, baggage room AmE the place in a station where passengers' cases, etc (luggage, baggage) can be left until they want them again 行李寄存处

buffet /'bufer/ a place in a station or on a train where one can get a meal，drink，etc（车站、火车内的）小卖部；饮食柜台

ticket office the place in a station, etc where

one can buy a ticket for a train， bus， etc售票处timetable/'taim,teibəl/ a large notice or a book which shows the times when trains, buses, etc arrive and depart（火车、公共汽车等开出与到达的）时刻表；时间表

indicator /'ındə,keıtə/ a board in a station which shows the times when trains, buses, etc arrive and depart and where they do this（车站内表示火车、公共汽车等开出与到达的时间和地点的）指示牌

M110 nouns 名词：persons working on railways，etc［C］铁路等处的工作人员

(engine) driver /('end3ən) 'drarvə/ BrE, engi-neer ／，end3ə＇nıə／ AmE the driver of a train 火车司机

guard/ga:d/ BrE, conductor/kən'daktə/ AmE the official in charge of a train 列车长

signalman/'sıgnəlmən/ the person in a signal box who changes the signals on a railway 信号员

porter /'po:tə/ a person employed to carry cases, etc (luggage) in railway stations, etc （火车站等的）行李搬运工人

stationmaster ／＇steifən，ma：stə／ also 又作 sta-tion manager the official in charge of a rail-way station 火车站站长

M111 verbs，etc 动词等：driving and

travelling by car，etc 开车与乘车旅行等

[ALSO→M31]

change gear(s) BrE, shift gear(s) AmE [IØ] to move from one gear to another（开汽车时） 换挡；变速：He changed gear badly.他换挡技术很差.gear change／shift［C］ an act of changing gear换挡；变速

change up／down also 又作 esp AmE shift up／ down [v adv IØ] to move from a lower to a higher／higher to a lower gear 换快／慢挡

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| gears，etc 排挡等[in U; Wa5;B] | position，etc 位置等 |
| first，bottom头挡（的）；低速挡（的）second二挡（的）third三挡（的）fourth／top四挡（的）；高速挡（的）reverse 倒车挡（的）neutral空挡（的） | lowest 最低highest 最高going backwards 向后not in any gear 未挂挡 |

reverse /rI'v3:s/ [IØ; T1] to (cause to) go back-wards 倒退；倒（车）：The car reversed.汽车倒车了.He reversed the car into the garage.他把汽车倒开进车库里去.Do you know how to reverse（this car）？你会倒车吗？

back／bæk／［IØ；T1］ infml to reverse 倒退；倒（车）：The car backed into the garage.汽车倒开进车库里.He backed the car out of the garage. 他把车倒开出车库.

dip /dip/ [T1] to lower (the headlights of one's car，etc）减弱（汽车等的前灯的灯光）：He dippedhis lights as the other car came nearer.在另一辆汽车驶近时，他把车头灯调暗.

skid /skid/1 [IØ] (of vehicles esp on roads) to slide sideways（尤指行驶中的车辆）打滑；滑向一侧：The car skidded across the icy road.汽车在结冰的道路上滑到一边去了．2［C］an act of skid-ding（车轮的）打滑：The car went into a bad skid on the icy road.汽车在结冰的道路上打滑得很厉害：You can see the skid marks （＝ the marks of a skid） on the road.你能看到车子在路上留下的滑痕.

fork/fo:k/ [Wv6; IØ] (of roads, etc) to divide, esp into two（指道路等）分岔（尤指分成两条）：The roads fork shortly； you should go left.前面不远就是岔路，你要走左边的一条.fork left／right (of a driver, car, etc) to take the stated direction（指司机、汽车等）向左／右走：Fork leftat the inn.到了旅馆向左走.

go straight on [IØ] to continue without turning left or right 一直开（不转弯）；一直向前：Theroad goes straight on for a mile, then bends. 这条路笔直地向前延伸一英里，然后拐弯.Gostraight on； don＇t fork left or right.一直开，别向左或向右拐.

branch off [v adv IØ] to leave a road at some point，to go on another road 走岔路：Take the A1 to Doncaster，then branch off．走A1号公路到顿卡斯特，然后走岔路.He branched off atDoncaster.他在顿卡斯特转到岔路上.

M112 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：crashes and accidents 撞车与事故

crash /kræf/ 1 [IØ; T1] to (cause to) hit and damage (something), with force and a lot of noise（发出声响的）剧烈碰撞；（使···）撞坏：Thecar crashed.车子撞坏了.The car crashed into

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the wall.汽车猛撞在墙上.He crashed his car （into a wall）.他把汽车撞坏了（猛撞在墙上）.Thetwo cars crashed head on (= hitting each other directly front to front as they moved）.两辆汽车迎面相撞．2［C］ an act or occasion ofcrashing 碰撞；撞坏：There was a car crash here last night.昨晚这里发生了汽车撞车事故.Therehave been a lot of crashes lately.最近发生了很多撞车事故.

collide /kə'laıd/ [IØ (with)] to crash together; to crash or knock （into something）互撞；碰撞： The two cars collided.两辆汽车相撞.He col-lided with me as he ran past.他跑过时与我相撞.The train collided with a car at the level crossing［■M107］．火车在铁路道口与一辆汽车相撞.

collision /kə'lı3ən/[C;U] (an example of) the act of colliding 互撞；碰撞（的实例）：Many people were killed in the collision between the bus and the car.公共汽车与小汽车相撞，有许多人死亡.（fig）A collision with Parliament could ruin the government＇s plans.与国会发生冲突可能会破坏政府的计划.The two trains are on acollision course （＝ they will hit each other）！那两列火车就要相撞了！

derail /dir'rei/ [T1 usu pass] to cause (a train, etc） to go off its rails 使（火车等）出轨：The train was derailed by the explosion and many people were killed.火车因爆炸而出轨，有许多人丧生.

derailment /dr'reilmənt/ [U;C] the act or an occasion of derailing 出轨（事故）

go off the rails infml to be derailed 出轨：The train went off the rails and many people were killed.火车出轨了，有许多人死亡.（fig）She hasreally gone off the rails; she has given up her job and has no money to live on！她真昏了头， 竟放弃了工作，弄得囊空如洗，无以为生！

accident /'æksədənt/ [C] a harmful and unex-pected happening， esp a crash， collision， etc 意外事故（尤指车祸等）：There have been a lot ofroad accidents in the town lately.最近市内发生很多车祸.Did you hear about the terrible rail accident，a derailment？你听说那次可怕的火车出轨事故了吗？He was killed in an accident in the factory.他死于工厂的一次事故.Factoryaccidents are quite common; people aren't always careful.工厂事故很常见，人们并不总是很小心的.It was an accident； he didn＇t mean to do it.那是意外；他不是有意的.

Places

地方

M120 nouns 名词：places and positions

地方与位置

place/plers/1.[C] a particular part of space or

M120 PLACES 地方

position in space 地方；地点；位置：This is the place where the accident happened.这就是发生事故的地点.A person can＇t be in two places at once．一个人不能同时在两个地方．2［C］anempty space 空地方：We must find a place on that wall for this new picture.我们得在那面墙上找个地方来挂这幅新画．3［C usu sing］ aposition which one considers to be of value or importance（重要的）位置：Sports never had a place in his life．他一生都不重视体育运动．4［C］a particular part of the earth's surface, stretch of land，town，etc 地方：They wandered from place to place.他们到处流浪.There＇s no place like home.哪儿也没有家乡好.Moscow is a verycold place in winter.冬天时，莫斯科是一个很冷的地方．5［C］ a particular spot or area on a surface 表面上的某部分；点：There are several rough places on this table.这桌面上有几处不平.She had a sore place on her hand.她手上有个地方很痛．6［C（of）］a room， building，or piece of land used for a particular stated purpose （有特定用途的）建筑物；场所：The town hasmany places of amusement such as theatres and cinemas.这个城市有许多娱乐场所，例如剧院、电影院之类.Is this your place of business？ 这是你的营业处吗？7［C］a a usual or properposition 通常的位置；适当的位置：Put it back inits place.把它放回原处.Which is your place at the table？哪个是你吃饭的座位？b a proper orsuitable occasion or moment 适当的场合；适宜的时刻：A public dinner isn＇t the place at which to talk about one＇s private affairs.宴会不是谈论私事的场合．8［C］a person＇s positionin a line of waiting people （a queue）排队的位置：Will you keep my place while I go and get a cup of tea？我去弄一杯茶，请帮我留着这个位置好吗？9［C］（fig）a a particular part of a piece of writing 作品中的某处：This is the place in the story where the child dies.这就是故事中小孩死掉的那个地方.b（esp in the phr find／lose one＇s place 找到／找不到刚读到的部分）the particularpart (of a book, story, etc) that one is reading 正在阅读的（书籍、故事等）某段落或部分：I put apiece of paper in the book to keep my place. 我在书中夹了一片纸用以标示我读到的地方．10［Cusu sing] (fig) a position of respect or great-ness 受尊敬的或崇高的地位：The famous generalis sure of a place in history.那位名将必将名留青史．11［C］a （numbered） position in the result of a competition，race，etc（竞赛等的）名次：John took first place in the history exami-nation．约翰在历史考试中获第一名．12［C ususing] any of the first three positions in the result of a horse race 赛马前三名中的其中一名13 [C usu sing] a position in employment, in a team，etc 职位：Mr Smith has offered young Tony a place in the bank.史密斯先生在银行里为小托尼提供了一个职位.Do you think he＇sworth a place in the football team？你认为他有资格加入足球队吗？He has won a place at theuniversity．他已在大学谋得一职位．14［C］a socialposition；rank（社会）地位；身分；等级：He knows his place in society.他知道自己的社会地位.This has been talked about in high places

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M120 PLACES 地方

（＝ by people of high rank and influence）.这件事在高层人士中谈论过．15［S9］duty；what onehas to do 职责； 职权： It＇s notyour place to tell me what to do．你无权告诉我该做些什么．16［S9］one (numbered) point in an argument, expla-nation，etc（议论、解释等的）步骤；层次：In thefirst place I don't want to go, and in the second place I can＇t afford to.首先我不想去；其次，我也去不起．17［C］a seat 座位；位子：Therewere several empty places in church last Sun-day．上星期日做礼拜时，教堂里有好几个空位子．18［S］infml a house；home 房屋；住所：They＇ve bought a charming place in the country. 他们在乡间买了一所漂亮的房子.Come over to ourplace．请到我们家来．all over the place infml 1 everywhere 到处：We searched all over the place．我们到处搜寻．2 in disorder 混乱：She＇s left her books spread all over the place.她把书到处乱放.change places （with someone） to exchange positions so that each goes where the other one was（同某人）调换位置：If wechange places you＇ll be able to see better.如果我们调换一下位置，你会看得更清楚的.Would youmind changing places with me, as I'm too hot here.请你和我换一个位置好吗？我在这儿感到太热了.lay／set a place for to put the knives， forks， spoons, etc in position for (one person) at a meal table（在餐桌上）为（某人）摆好餐具 putsomebody in his place to show somebody that one has a low opinion of him／her 使某人知道自己不受欢迎；使某人安分 take one＇s place1 to go to one's special position for some ac-tivity 就座；就位；就席：Take your places for the next dance．各就各位准备跳下一场舞．2 to beconsidered as being 被认为是：This work will take its place among the most important paintings of this century.这幅作品将被认为是本世纪最有价值的绘画之一.

location /ləu'eifən/[C (of)]fml, tech, & pomp a place esp where something happens 位置；场所；地方（尤指事情发生的地点）：Can you tell methe location of the college， please？请问，学院在什么地方？on location （of people making films) working at the place that the film is （supposed to be）about（指电影摄制人员）拍外景：They are on location in Spain.他们正在西班牙拍外景.

locality /ləu'kæləti/ [C] a (local) place; the place one is in 当地；本地；地方；地区：Are thereany good restaurants in the locality？本地有什么好餐馆吗？They live in a nice locality.他们住的地区很好.This is the locality where the acci-dent took place.这就是事故发生的地方.

locale /ləu'ka:l/ [C] 1 a place, esp where some-thing particular happens or has happened 地方（尤指特殊事件发生的现场）：They moved to aquieter locale．他们搬到一个较僻静的地方去了．2the place where a film, play, etc is supposed to happen 电影、戏剧等（故事）发生的地点：Thelocale is northern England in the 1900s．事情发生在二十世纪初的英格兰北部.

locus /'ləukəs/ [C] tech a place where esp.a crime has happened 地方（尤指犯罪行为发生的地点）：This is the locus of the murder.这就是

凶杀案发生的地点.

position／pə＇zıfən／ ［C］1 ［also 又作 in U］ a place where someone or something is (standing, put，etc）位置：The soldiers stayed in their positions on the hill.士兵们守在山上自己的阵地上.The chair wasn＇t in this position when I left the room.我离开房间时这把椅子不在这个位置.The chair is still in position；no one has moved it．椅子仍在原来的位置，没有人移动过．2［also 又作in U］ also 又作（fml）posture a way of standing，sitting，etc 姿势；姿态：Don＇t you find standing in that position uncomfortable? 你不觉得那样站着不舒服吗？He sat in a cross-legged position on the floor.他盘腿坐在地上. 3（fig） opinion 见解；立场；态度：He takes a different position from me in this matter.他对这问题的看法和我不同．4（fig）condition状况；情况：She＇s ill； she＇s in no position to go anywhere／to help you.她病了，她哪儿也不能去／她无力帮助你.

situation / sitfu'erfən/ 1 [C] a place, esp where something is or might be 位置；地点；场所：The house is in a beautiful situation.房子坐落在环境优美的地方.This is a good situation for a house．这是盖房子的好地方．2［S］（fig）con-dition 境况；状况；情况：The situation of the ship after the storm was very bad.遭受暴风雨袭击之后，船的状况很不妙.I＇m in no situation tohelp；I need help myself.我无力支援，我自己也需要帮助.

site/sait/[C (of)] a place where something has happened，is happening， or will happen（事物已经、正在或将要发生的）位置；场所；地点：That isthe site of the battle.那就是那次战役的战场.This is the site for the new theatre.这是修建新剧院的场地.This is the new theatre site.这就是新剧院的位置.The new theatre will be built on this site.新剧院将建在这个地点.

lot／lpt／［C］ a piece of land 一块地皮：There are some lots for sale; you could build a nice house on one of them.有几块地皮出售，你可以选其中一块用来建一所漂亮的房子.

venue /'venju:/ [C] 1 usu fml a meeting pace arranged for some purpose or activity 集合地点；聚会地点；举行场所：The venue of the bigmatch is the football ground at Wembley.大赛的地点是温布利足球场．2 law the district wherea law case is tried 审判地点

spot／sppt／［C usu sing］ infml a place 地点；场所： This is the spot where it happened.这就是事情发生的地点.What a nice spot for a picnic（＝an outdoor meal）！在这个地方野餐真是太好了！What a nice picnic spot！这真是野餐的好地方！

point/point/[C] 1 a place in space or time, esp an exact position（空间或时间上的）点（尤指确切的位置）：From that point in his travels he had begun his journey home.他旅行到那个地方，就起程回家了.At some point during the trip she became ill．她在旅途中的某个地方病倒了．2 apiece of (high) land that stretches out into the sea，a lake，etc（伸入海、湖等的）地角；岬：Hestood on the Point， looking out to sea.他站在岬角上眺望大海.

haunt /hornt/[C usu pl] sometimes deprec a

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place which a person, animal, etc often goes to，usu lives in，etc（人、动物等）常去的地方；栖息处：This inn is a haunt of thieves.这家旅馆是一个贼窝.He went back to the haunts of his childhood.他回到他小时候常去的地方.

whereabouts/'weərəbauts/[P] a place where someone or something is, can be found,etc 下落；行踪；所在：I don＇t know her whereabouts now.我不知道她现时身在何方.Her presentwhereabouts are not known.她现在下落不明.

perch/p3:tf/ [C] 1 a branch, rod, etc, where a bird rests (often specially provided for the purpose）（鸟的）栖枝；栖木：The birds were using telephone wires as perches.鸟儿正栖息在电话线上.There were two perches in the birdcage．鸟笼中有两根栖木．2（fig）a high posi-tion in which a person or building is placed （人或建筑物所在的）高处：From our perch upthere on top of the cliff we can see the whole town.在悬崖顶上我们可以俯瞰全城.

M121 nouns 名词：space 空间

space/speis/1 [U] open or empty land, air, water，surfaces，etc 空间；空地；场地；空隙： There＇s plenty of space here to move about.这里有足够的活动空间.He needs space in whichto work. 他需要工作场地.There isn＇t muchspace to work on that table.那张桌子上没有多少空闲的地方可用来工作．2［U］ the distancebetween one thing and another 间隔；距离；空白：We need more space between the words on this page.这一页我们得把词与词的间隔留得大一些.There isn＇t much space for anyone to get between these cars; they're too close together. 这些汽车之间简直没什么空隙可让人钻过去，它们靠得太近了．3［C］ such a distance 间隔；距离；空白：The spaces between the words aren't wide enough.词与词之间的间隔不够大.Leave aspace;we can add the rest of the information later.留点空，我们以后可以加上其余的内容.

room／ru：m／［U］ space for something 空间；地方； 空位：I need more room to move.我需要更多的活动空间.Do you have enough room to your-self in the office？你在办公室里自己有足够的地方吗？Make room， please； the doctor must get past！请让开一点，让医生过去！There＇s room inthe car for one more person.这辆车内还能坐一个人.

stretch/stretf/ [C] a level area of land or water 平坦的一片（陆地或水域）：a pleasant stretch ofcountry 一片令人心旷神怡的乡野；a wide stretchof road 一段宽阔的路面

expanse /ik'spæns/[C (of),often pl with sing meaning］ a wide space （of the stated type）广阔的空间；宽阔的区域：He looked up at.thestarry expanse（s）of the sky.他仰望无际的星空.

reach/ri:tf/1 [U (of)] the distance that one can reach 可及的距离或范围：Put the bottle within／ beyond／out of（his）reach.把瓶子放在（他）拿得着／不着的地方.Ì live within easy reach ofthe shops.我家离商店很近.（fig）beyond the reach of my imagination 我难以想象的2［S］the

M122 PLACES 地方

length of one＇s arm 臂长：He has a longer reach than I have so he can climb better.他的胳臂比我的长，所以他爬得比我好．3［C］a straightstretch of water between two bends in a river （河流两弯之间的）河段：He travelled to theupper reaches of the river.他到河的上游去.

M122 nouns 名词：edges， boundaries， and borders 边、边缘与边界

edge /ed3/1 [C; on U] the narrowest part along the outside of something, esp of a cutting in-strument or along the outside of a solid（尤指硬物的）边；棱；锋；刃；刀口：The edge of theknife was sharp.这刀口很锋利.Can you stand a coin on edge？ 你能把一枚硬币竖立起来吗？2[C] (sometimes fig) the line or part along the last part of a piece of land，etc（土地等的）边缘；边线：He stood on the edge of the clifflon the cliff edge. 他站在悬崖边上.She waited at the water＇s edge．她在水边等候．［→M200］

limit/'lImit/ [C] the farthest point to which something reaches; the point beyond which one cannot go 界限；界线；限度；极限：Theseare the limits of our power; we can do no more. 我们力所能及的仅此而已，再也无能为力了.Is therea limit to what science can do？科学的作用会有极限吗？limitless ［Wa5；B］having no limits 无界限的；无限的within limits to a certain extent 一定限度内；在一定范围内：Within limits，I agreewith him.我只在一定范围内赞同他的意见.with-out limit（s） to any extent 无限（制）地：Our help isn＇t without limits.我们的帮助不是无限度的.off limits（esp of places） not allowed（尤指地方）禁止进入：That part of town is off limits to all soldiers.该城的那一区域禁止任何军人进入.margin /'ma:d3m/ [C]1 the white space at the top, bottom, and sides of a piece of paper on which written work has been or will be done 页边的空白；栏外：The margins at the side ofwriting paper are sometimes drawn with a line.书写纸的边上有时印有栏线.Don＇t write.inthe margin．不要写在栏外．2（fig）anything like this；an edge or limit 边缘；界限 3 the amount more than what is needed 余地；余裕：His plan included a time margin of two days in case anything went wrong.他的计划留有两天余裕时间以防出错.marginal ［B］ of or like a margin （and therefore small or less important）页边的； 临界的；边际的；少量的；微小的；不重要的：Therehas been only a marginal increase in sales.销售量增长得很有限.-ly［adv］

threshold /'Orefhəuld/ [C] 1 now rare a piece of wood or stone under the door of a house 门槛； 门口：He stood on the threshold， waiting to go in．他站在门口，等候进去．2（fig）now commonthe place or time when something ends and something else begins 开端；起点：She was on the threshold of a new life.她即将开始新的生活.The scientists were on the threshold of a great discovery.科学家即将有一个重大的发现.

boundary /'baundəri/[C] the edge or limit,

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M123 PLACES 地方

esp of land inside a country（尤指一国之内的） 分界线；边界；边线：Where are the boundaries of his land？ 他那块地的地界在哪里？He stoppedthe car on the boundary of the city/the city boundary.他把车子停在城界处.He marked theboundaries of the football field with white paint.他用白颜料标出足球场的边线.

bounds/baundz/ [P] (fig, esp lit & poet) liits 界限；范围；止境：You must keep your hopes within reasonable bounds.你不可抱有奢望.out of bounds outside the area allowed (to cer-tain people） 禁止入内：The town is out of bounds to the pupils of the school/to the soldiers in the camp. 此镇禁止学生／营内的军人进入.in bounds inside the area allowed 允许（自由）进入：Is the town in bounds to the soldiers？该镇军人可以去吗？

border /'bo:də/ [C] the edge or side(s) of any-thing but esp of the land belonging to two countries 边缘；边；（尤指）边境；国境：He waited for her at the border.他在边界等她.They trav-elled along a border road.他们沿着边境公路前行.The guards at the border post would not let him through／in.边境检查站的守卫不让他通过／进去．border on ［v prep T1］ to be on the border of 接壤；毗连； 邻接：Scotland borders on England.苏格兰与英格兰毗连.（fig） His ideasborder on madness at times.他的看法有时近乎疯狂．borderline［C］1 less common the line which separates two countries 边界；国界 2 (fig) more common the line dividing two things 分界线；两可之间：His examination results were on the borderline (between pass-ing and failing）.他的考试成绩介乎合格和不及格之间.His results were borderline.他的成绩是两可的.He got a borderline pass.他勉强及格.

frontier/'frantrə/1 [C] the limit or edge of the land of one country, where it meets land of another country 国境；边疆；边境：They were shot trying to cross the frontier.他们试图越境时被射死.Sweden has frontiers with Norway and Finland.瑞典与挪威和芬兰接壤.A frontierguard stopped them．一个边防哨兵拦住他们．2[the R; C] the border between settled and wild country, esp that in the USA in the past （尤指美国过去有人居住与荒无人烟的地区的分界）边疆：Areas near the frontier in America were rough and lawless in the old days.从前美国的边远地区是荒芜而无法律管治的．3［C9，esp of，often pl] (fig) a border between the known and the unknown 未开拓的领域；新领域：Thefrontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.医学知识的新领域正随着时间的推移而变得更广阔.

M123 nouns 名词：neighbourhoods and environments 邻里与环境

neighbourhood BrE, -bor-AmE/'neibə,hud/1 ［C］a place where people live near each other邻里；四邻聚居区：This is a nice neighbourhood to live in.这是一个很好的居住区.What are the

neighbourhood shops like？邻近的商店是怎么样的？2［S］the area arounda point orplace 附近；地区周围：They live in the neighbourhood of Birmingham.他们住在伯明翰附近.（fig）His price is, I think, in the neighbourhood of £10,000．我想他的要价在一万英镑左右．

vicinity /və'sinəti/ 1 [U (of); C] the area very near to or around the stated place; neighbour-hood 附近；邻近；近处：Are there any shops in this vicinity?-No; the nearest is three miles away.这附近有商店吗？-没有，最近的也在三英里以外.In the vicinity of the station several taxis were standing.车站附近停着好几辆计程车.2［U（of，to）］fml nearness 接近；靠近：Vicinity to a good school is important for parents of young children.对于有年幼孩子的家长来说，附近有一所好学校很重要.in the vicinity of pompabout 大约：His income is in the vicinity of £5,000 a year．他一年的收入约五千英镑．

environment/mn'vaıərənmənt/1 [C] all the sur-rounding conditions which influence growth and development 周围；环境：Children need.a happy home environment.儿童需要快乐的家庭环境.My wife and I grew up in quite different environments.我和妻子是在完全不同的环境中长大的．2［the R］ the natural conditions， such as air，water，and land， in which man lives 自然环境：They are passing new laws to prevent the pollution (= spoiling and making dirty) of the environment.他们即将通过防止环境污染的新法例．environmental ［Wa5；B］ of or concerning the environment 环境的-ly［adv］

dwod n 'nuf dsə [d] /zueлera,ui/ uoe neighbourhood 附近；周围之地：What fine environs they live in！他们居住的地区多好！Idon＇t much like the city and its environs.我不太喜欢这个城市及其郊区.

surroundings /sə'raundnjz/ [P] the place and conditions of life 环境：The surroundings a child grows up in may have an effect on his development.儿童成长的环境会影响他的发展.It's good to change one's surroundings occa-sionally.人偶而改变一下环境是有好处的.

setting /'setin/ [C] 1 (fig) surroundings; en-vironment 环境；背景：The castle has a fine natural setting．古堡的自然环境很美．2 a frame-work, etc in which an ornament is fixed or placed（放置装饰物的）框架；镶座：That is abeautiful setting for the pearls［→H65］．那是一个漂亮的珍珠底座.

M124 adverbs，etc 副词等：at home and abroad［Wa5］在家、在国内与国外

at home 1 in one＇s house， family，etc 在家：Is he at home tonight?-No, he's away; he's not at home.他今晚在家吗？-不，他出去了，他不在家.(fml) She is not at home to visitors (= She does not want to see anyone）.她不会客.How are things at home？家里情况怎样？2 in one＇s own country 在国内：Matters at home are not going well.国内情况不妙.

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away from home not at home 不在家：He＇s away from home at the moment; in London,I think.他此刻不在家，我想是在伦敦吧.

abroad ／ə＇bro：d／ in or to foreign places 在国外； 到国外：He is abroad on business at the moment.他此刻在国外出差.She went abroad twice last year.她去年两度出国.They live abroad.他们住在国外.

overseas ／，əuvə＇si：z／ ［also 又作 A］（used esp in Britain because it is an island) abroad; from, to， in， etc places across the sea（尤用于英国，因该国为一岛国）在海外；在国外；来自海外的；海外的；向海外的：He has gone overseas.他已去海外.We get a lot of overseas visitors here.我们这里有许多外国游客.Our overseas trade is very important.我国的对外贸易很重要.

USAGE［用法说明］：Overseas students have come to one's own country from abroad in order to study;the same idea is expressed by students from overseas. But students overseas are people studying in other countries. Overseas students 是指外国到本国留学的学生；同样，students from overseas 也指来自外国到本国留学的学生.但是students overseas 却是指本国去别国留学的学生.

M125 nouns 名词：roads and routes 道路与路线

road /rəud/ [C; by U; often in comb] a prepared

track or way along which wheeled vehicles can

travel, usu between towns rather than within

one 公路；道路（常指市镇之间的）：It takes three

hours by train and four by road（＝driving）.乘

火车需要三小时，开汽车则需要四小时.It＇s not

really a road，only a path.那算不上是路，只不过

是一条小径而已.He bought a road map of

Western Europe.他买了一份西欧公路图.They

were driving on the new road to Birmingham.

他们驱车在通往伯明翰的新公路上行驶.There

have been so many road accidents lately that

you must teach the children about road

safety.近来道路交通事故不断发生，你们要教给孩

子们道路安全知识．on the road 1 on a journey；

travelling，esp for one＇s work 在旅途中（尤指出

差）2 （of esp a theatrical company） giving a

number of planned performances at different

places（尤指剧团）在巡回演出中：Let＇s get the

show on the road.让我们去巡回演出吧.rule（s）

of the road the agreement(s) as to which side

vehicles or ships should take when meeting,

passing，etc（车辆与船只的）交通规则：Accord-

ing to the rule of the road you must drive on

the left in Britain.按照英国的交通规则，驾车须靠

左行驶.take to the road to become a tramp （＝

a homeless poor person without work who

walks from place to place）成为流浪者

way/wei/[(the)C(to)] a road or roads, etc esp that one can take to get from one place to another 路；道路：Can you tell me the way to Bristol Street，please？请问去布里斯托大街怎么走？They live just across the way from here.他

M126 PLACES 地方

们就住在附近，在马路对面.

-way[comb form] the surface, main part, direction, etc of a road, stretch of water, set of rails，etc公路、水路、铁路等的表面、主要部分、方向等：Don＇t walk in the middle of the road-way.不要在马路中间行走.The railway runsnear the highway［→M127］．这条铁路靠近公路．The Thames is one of Britain's great water-ways.泰晤士河是英国的主要航道之一.Don＇tpark in the driveway.不要在车道上停车.

lane／lein／［C］1also 又作 country lane a narrow road in the country 小径；乡村小道：They went along a country lane on their bicycles.他们是沿乡村小道骑自行车去的．2 a narrow street in atown，etc 小巷；胡同；：Go down that lane； it＇ll take you to North Street.顺着那条巷走就能到达北大街.He lives in Market Lane.他住在市场巷．3 a part of a road esp marked by lines， along which vehicles can move in one direc-tion at certain speeds，etc（马路上用线划出的） 车道；行车道：Go in the outside lane.走外面那条车道.The road was wide and had four lanes， two each way.这条马路很宽，有四条车道，每个方向两条．4 also 又作 shipping lane the usual route for ships to take from one place to another 航线；航道：The ship did not follow the usual lanes.那条船没有走通常走的航道.

alley/'æli/ [C] often deprec a lane in a town, esp if dark and dirty（尤指又脏又暗的）小巷；胡同：The thief ran off down an alley.那小偷顺着一条小巷跑了.

thoroughfare/'OArəfeə/ [C] a road or wide street that is open to other roads at both ends to allow vehicles and people through 大道；通衢；大街：The street had a sign saying ＇No Thoroughfare'; there was no way out at the other end.那条街上有一块告示牌，上面写着：“此路不通”，因为街道的另一头是死路.Oxford Streetis a main London thoroughfare.牛津大街是伦敦的一条主要大道.

route/ru:t/ [C; on U] the way to go, esp over a longer distance and many roads 路；路线（尤指远程，要走过很多路）：What route are you takingfrom Edinburgh to London？你从爱丁堡去伦敦走什么路线？He went there by a different route from us.他到那儿去时走的路线与我们不同.Theywere on route to (= going to) Paris when I met them.当我遇到他们时，他们正在去巴黎的途中.

pass/pa:s/ [C (over, through)] a way over or through a line of mountains, esp a narrow passage higher than usual but lower than the tops of the mountains 隘口；山口；关口

M126 nouns 名词：special roads and

streets in towns ［C often cap］ 城市马路和街道

road /rəud/ an important, longer or widerway for vehicles，etc through a town，etc 道路；马路： He lives in Cambridge Road.他住在剑桥路.Be careful crossing the road.过马路要当心.Rd

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M127 PLACES 地方

abbrev (part of the name of) a road in a town （用于路名）路：His address is 39 Forest Rd．他的地址是森林路三十九号.

street /stri:t/ a less impotant, narrower or shorter road in a town，etc 街；街道：She lives in our street. 她住在我们那条街.Be carefulcrossing the street.过街要当心.Fleet Street is in London.舰队街在伦敦.St abbrev（part of the name of） a street in a town（用于街名）街： Her address is 24 Cambridge St．她的地址是剑桥大街二十四号.

avenue /'ævə,nju:/1 a road or wide street in a town, or a road leading to a large house, esp if lined with trees 大街；大道；（尤指）林荫道：What a fine tree-lined avenue！多漂亮的林荫大道！2（fig）the way to some stated thing 途径； 手段：This is his avenue to success.这是他的成功之道.Ave abbrev（part of the name of） an avenue（用于路名）林荫道；大马路：She lives at12．Cedar Ave．她住在雪松路十二号．

drive /drarv/1 a small or short road leading to an esp larger house（尤指通往高大住宅的）小路；车道：He parked his car in the drive.他把车子停在车道上．2 a street街；街道：South Drive hasmany nice houses.南大街有许多漂亮的房子.Drabbrev（part of the name of） a drive（用于街名）街：Her address is 14 South Dr．她的地址是南大街十四号.

walk/wo:k/1 a place, esp a path or track that is well kept，where people can walk（尤指步行的） 道路；径：They went along the Cliff Walk.他们沿着克利夫道走去．2 a street 街；街道：They livein a new house in Cedar Walk.他们住在雪松街的一幢新房子里.

terrace/'teris/1 a row of houses built together （相连的）一排房屋2 a street with such terraces on each side 巷；坊；里：They live in Orchard Terrace.他们住在果园坊.Terr／Tce abbrev （part of the name of） a terrace（用于地名）巷； 坊；里：He lives at 14 Orchard Terr．他住在果园坊十四号.

way／wei／a street 街；道：He lives at 19 Cedar Way.他住在雪松街十九号.

crescent /'kresənt/a curved row of houses;a curved street 新月状的一排房屋；新月状街道；半圆形街区：They live in a beautiful 18th-century crescent in Bath.他们住在巴思市一排漂亮的十八世纪的新月形房子里．Her address is 14 BeechCrescent.她的地址是榉树弯街十四号.Cresabbrev（part of the name of） a crescent（用于专有街名）新月状街；半圆形街；弯街：14 BeechCres 榉树弯街十四号

square /skweə/ [esp in comb] an open place in the shape of a square in a town, etc, usu with buildings round the sides 广场：The main city square was full of people.这个城市的主要广场挤满了人.St Andrews Square is a beautiful old square in Edinburgh.圣安德鲁斯广场是爱丁堡市的一个美丽而又古老的广场.Sq abbrev（part ofthe name of） a square（用于广场名）广场：82Green Sq 格林广场八十二号

place /pleis/ the name of some streets and squares in a town， etc 用作某些街道、广场的名称：She lives at No 4，Orchard Place．她住在果

园广场四号.PI abbrev（part of the name of）a place（用于地名）广场；街；路：4Orchard Pl果园广场四号

M127 nouns 名词：special roads and streets in the country ［C］道路和街道

main road an important road from one town to another（从一镇到另一镇的）大路；主要公路：There has been a car crash on the main road. 在大路上发生了一宗车祸.This is the main roadto London.这是通往伦敦的主要公路.In winterit's better to keep to (= drive on) the main roads.冬天行车最好走大路.

trunk road a main road, esp as part of a system （尤指道路系统中的）干道；道路的干线：Britainhas a lot of trunk roads running north-south. 英国有许多条贯通南北的干道.

arterial road fml & tech a main or trunk road, running from a capital or important city to other cities as the arteries [→B36] carry blood through the body（首都或大城市与其它城市相连的）干道；公路干线

highway /'hai,wei/ esp BrE esp formerly a main road； all main roads 公路；大路：They travelled in peace on the King＇s Highway.他们在国王公路上平安往返.

high road BrE formerly a main road 大路；公路： （fig）This is his high road to success.这是他的成功之道.

side road a smaller road leading to and from a main road 旁路；岔道；小道：He turned down a side road.他转弯沿着一条小道走去.

feeder (road) /'fi:də (rəud)/ a side road, esp as part of a system（道路网中的）小道；岔道；支线：Feeder roads lead from the new town to the trunk road.新市镇有支线通往干线.

back road a small unimportant road well away from any main road（远离大路的）小路；偏道；偏僻马路：They got lost in a number of back roads that had no proper signposts (= signs to show where one can go）.他们在几条偏僻的马路上迷了路，因为这些路没有正式路标.

motor road a road that has been made esp for motor vehicles 汽车道：There is a good motor road on the island.岛上有一条很好的汽车道.

M128 nouns 名词：special streets in towns 城市街道

high street also 又作 main street AmE ［the R； A; (C)] the most important street, esp for businesses and shops， in a town（尤指商业店铺集中的）正街；大街：I＇ll meet you in the highstreet，at the hotel at 2 o＇clock．我下午两点在正街的旅馆前见你.His shop is in the main street.他的商店在大街上.

main street [C] genl an important street in a town，etc 大街；主要街道：London＇s main streets are always full of people.伦敦的主要街道总是人来人往，熙熙攘攘.

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side street [C] a street, usu smaller, that leads from a main street 小街；横街；小巷：There are so many side streets in that town that I get lost（in them）.那城市的小巷太多，我以致（在巷里）迷了路.

back street [C] a small, unimportant street well away from any main street 后街；小街：He grew up in the back streets of Glasgow.他是在格拉斯哥的小街小巷上长大的.

M129 nouns 名词：very large modern roads ［（the） C；A］宽阔的现代化公路

dual carriageway BrE a main road on which the traffic travelling in opposite directions is kept apart by a central band or separation of some sort（马路中央有分隔设施把相反行车方向的车辆隔开的）双向公路；复式车行道

motorway /'məutə,wei/ BrE, expressway/Ik-'spres,wei/, freeway /'fri:,wei/ AmE a' very wide road built esp for fast vehicles travelling long distances, and on which one is not usu al-lowed to stop 高速公路

highway /'hai,wei/ AmE a main road on which vehicles can travel fast（能快速行车的）公路；大路：He was killed in a crash on Highway 14．他在十四号公路上的一宗车祸中丧生.

turnpike/'t3:n,park/ AmE an expressway or highway， esp if one pays to drive on it （尤指收费的）高速公路

M130 nouns 名词：no-entries and cul-de-sacs［C］死巷与死胡同

no-entry./,nəu'entri/a street which vehicles can enter at one end only 死巷：You can＇t go through there；it＇s a no-entry.那里你过不去，那是一条死巷.Can＇t you see the no-entry sign？难道你没有看见此巷不通的告示牌吗？

one-way street a street in which vehicles can only travel one way； a no-entry 单行道；单向交通街道：This is a one-way street；you can＇t turn back.这条路是单行道，不能往回开.

cul-de-sac /'kaldə'sæk/ a street with an open-ing at one end only 死巷；死胡同：They drove by mistake into a cul-de-sac.他们开车误入一条死巷.A high wall made the street a cul-de-sac. 一堵高墙使这巷变成了死胡同.

blind alley /,blaind 'æli/ a little narrow street with no way out at the other end 死胡同；一端封闭的巷子：trapped in a blind alley 陷入死胡同

M131 nouns 名词：paths and tracks［C］ 小径与小道

path/pa:θ/[often in comb] 1 a way across fields, through woods, over hills, etc for people and animals walking，etc（人和动物步行的）小道；小径：He followed （＝went along） a path through

M132 PLACES 地方

the trees.他沿着一条小道穿过树林.She climbedup the mountain path. 她爬上山路.2(fig) the line along which something travels 路线；轨道： They marked the path of the plane on a map. 他们在地图上标出飞机的航线．3（fig）a waytotravel in life 人生道路；途径：＇Religions are just different paths to the same truth，＇he said.他说：“各个宗教只是达到同一真理的不同途径.”

track /træk/ 1 a path made by people or an-imals moving along the same way all the time （人或动物长时间踏出来的）小道；小径：He walkedalong the track to the village.他顺着小路到村子去.She climbed up the mountain track.她爬上山路．2 the mark left by something as it moves 足迹；痕迹；车辙：The animal＇s tracks could be seen in the wet ground.湿地上可以看到动物的足迹.The car left tracks in the mud.汽车在泥地上留下轮痕.It was easy to follow histracks.追踪他的足迹不难．trackless［Wa5；B］ having no tracks or roads 没有足迹的；没有路的：He waslost in the trackless hills.他在连路都没有的荒山野岭里迷路了.off the beaten track away from （a place with）any tracks 偏僻的；人迹罕至的

trail/treil/1 a rough path or track through wild country 荒野中的崎岖小道；小径：Keep to thetrail；if you leave it，you＇ll get lost.一直沿着这条小路走；如果你偏离了的话，就会迷路.Sheclimbed up a lonely mountain trail.她爬上一条人迹罕至的山路．2 lines，marks，smells，etc left by an animal, person, thing, etc while moving 痕迹；足迹；臭迹：The hunter followed the animal＇s trail.猎人跟踪动物的足迹.There was a trail of dirt across the kitchen floor.一条污迹从厨房地板上横过.

footpath /'fut,pa:θ/ a path, esp across fields, etc，for walking on（尤指横过田野等的）小路：There's a public footpath through the woods. 有一条公用小路穿过树林.

pathway／＇pa：θ，wei／（the surface of） a path 小路（的路面）：The pathway was rough and covered with stones.这条小路崎岖不平，路面上尽是石子.

cart track a track made by carts and other such vehicles 大车道；马车等压出的道路：A cart trackled to the farmhouse.一条大车道通向农舍.

M132 nouns，etc 名词等：parts of roads， etc 道路的组成部分等

pave/peiv/ [T1 often pass] to put flat stones, etc on （a road or other surface）（用石板等）铺（路面等）：The road was paved with stones.这条路铺上了石块.

paving stone also 又作 flagstone／＇flæg，stəun／ [C] a large flat stone used for paving paths, etc（铺路用的）石板；铺路石

pavement /'peivmənt/ [C] 1 sidewalk AmE a paved surface or path at the side of a street for people to walk on （街道边的）人行道 2AmE the paved surface of a street（街道的）硬路面；铺砌层

kerbstone/'k3:b,stəun/ [C] a raised stone sep-arating the pavement from the road 马路镶边石；侧石；路缘石

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M133 PLACES 地方

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cobble／＇kpbəl／ also 又作 cobblestone／＇kpbəl-stəun/ [C] a usu large rounded stone used esp formerly for paving streets 圆石块；大鹅卵石cobbled ［Wa5；B］ paved with cobbles 用圆石（头）铺成的：Parts of Edinburgh still have cobbled streets.爱丁堡的部分街区仍然保留着用卵石铺的街道.

tar /ta:/ [U] a thick black sticky substance, liquid when hot and hard when cold,used, esp with gravel, for making hard surfaces for roads，etc 焦油；柏油

gravel /'grævəl/ [U] small rough stones and sand, etc esp as a found in the bed ofa river b used for putting surfaces on roads, paths, etc砂砾；砾石；碎石

chippings/'tfipiz/ [P] gravel for or on roads 铺路碎石：Loose chippings covered the road.路上铺满零乱的碎石.

tarmac ／＇ta：，mæk／， also 又作 formerly ＆ fml tarmacadam /,ta:mə'kædəm/ [U] a mixture of tar and gravel used to make road surfaces, airport runways［M185］，etc柏油碎石（用于铺路面、飞机场跑道等）

pothole /'pothəul/ [C] a hole in a road, esp formed after a bad winter, too much rain,etc ：（路面上的）坑洼：The road was full of potholes. 那条路到处坑坑洼洼的.

gutter /'gatə/ [C] a hollow along the side of a road, usu between the roadway and the kerb, along which dirty water can flow into drains ［→D42］马路边的排水沟；街沟；明沟：He didn＇tlike being pushed into the gutters by other people on the narrow pavement.他在狭窄的人行道上被别人挤到街沟里去，他对此十分反感.（figdeprec) She did not want to talk to someone who had grown up in the gutter (=to a person with no money，education，etc）.她不愿跟来自下层社会的人谈话.

manhole /'mæn,həul/ [C]'an opening, usu with a cover (a manhole cover) on or near a road, through which a man can enter a place where underground pipes and such can be exam-ined，repaired，etc（供人出入以进行检修地下管道的）人孔；检修孔

grating /'greituj/ [C] a frame made of esp metal bars, to cover an opening esp over a drain in a roadway or gutter 格栅；格子盖

verge /v3:d3/ [C] the edge or border (esp of a road，path，etc）边；界限；（尤指道路的）边缘：He drove his car onto the grass verge at the side

of the road.他把车开到路旁的草坪边上去了.onthe verge of (fig) very near to (the stated （change of） conditions or action）接近于；濒于； 即将···；快要···：She tried to hide her grief， but she was on the verge of tears.她竭力掩盖自己的悲伤，但眼泪差一点就要流出来了.He was on theverge of speaking about the secret when he suddenly remembered his promise not to tell. 他险些儿泄露了秘密，幸亏他突然想起自己曾答应过要保密.

roadside ／＇rəud，said／ ［C］ the side of a road 路边：He sat at the roadside， waiting for his friend to come.他坐在路边等朋友来.They stopped ata roadside restaurant.他们在路边的一家饭店那儿停下来.

M133 nouns 名词：lights on roads， etc ［C］路上的灯等

traffic light／＇træfik lait／also 又作 traffic signal [usu pl] one of a set of coloured lights (red, amber/orange, green) used for controlling and directing traffic, esp where one road crosses another 交通信号灯；红绿灯

zebra crossing /,zi:brə 'krosi/ (in Britain) a place on a busy street, painted with black and white lines to show that people have the right to walk across there and that car drivers must stop for them（用于英国）斑马线；人行横道线

Belisha beacon ／bə＇li：fə ＇bi：kən／ also 又作 bea-con (in Britain) a flashing orange light on a black-and-white striped post that marks a zebra crossing（英国标示人行横道口的）橙黄色信号灯

neon sign/,ni:pn 'sain/a brightly-coloured elec-trically-lit sign, usu advertising things for sale, hotels, etc, and containing a gas called neon 广告霓虹灯

illuminations /I,lu:mə'neıfənz/ [P] the lights used to make a town bright and colourful 灯彩装饰；灯饰：the Christmas illuminations 圣诞灯饰

M134 nouns，etc 名词等：bends and bumps，etc 拐弯处与凹凸的路面等

bend／bend／［C］a curve in a road，etc 弯曲处；拐弯处：There are a lot of bad(=very curved and therefore) dangerous bends on this road. 这条路上有许多很弯曲的危险路段.The drivertook the bend too fast and crashed into a wall.司机转弯太快，结果猛撞在墙上.Be careful；there＇s a sharp （＝very curved） bend ahead.小心，前面有个急转弯.hairpin bend ［C］ a bendthat curves back like the letter U 回头弯；发针形弯；U 形弯：The mountain road was full of hairpin bends.这条盘山公路到处都是回头弯.

corner /'kornə/ 1 [C] the point where two streets or （sometimes） roads meet（道路交叉形成的）弯角；拐角；街角：They were standing

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talking at the corner of the street/at the street corner／on the corner（of the street）.他们站在街道拐角处谈话.The car went too fast round the blind corner (= a corner where one cannot see what is coming the other way) and hit another car.车子在看不见对面来车的弯角处开得太快，结果撞上了另一辆车子．2［IØ］to turn a corner 转弯：The car cornered too fast and went off the road.车子转弯时开得太快，结果冲出了马路.

bump/bamp/ [C] a raised area in the surface of esp a road（尤指路面的）隆起部分；马路凸面：Thecar hit a bump.车子碰到路面凸起的地方.bumpy［Wal；B］full of bumps 崎岖不平的；颠簸的：What a bumpy road／ride！这条路太不平了／颠得厉害！

gradient /'greidiənt/[C] tech the amount by which a road goes up or down 坡度；斜度：They came to a hill with a gradient of 1 in 5 (= rising one metre in every five metres trav-elled）.他们来到一座倾斜度为五分之一的小山（即每前进五米升高一米）.

M135 nouns，etc 名词等：intersections and bypasses 十字路口与旁路

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环形交叉路口 十字路口

intersection ／intə＇sekfən／ also 又作 junction /'d3^gkfən/ [C] a place where two or more roads，etc meet（两条或以上道路的）交叉点；十字

M136 PLACES 地方

路口：The car slowed down at the junction／at the junction with the main road.车子在交叉路口／在通往主要公路的交汇处放慢了速度.Be care-ful at the intersection; there are a lot of accidents there.过交叉路口时要小心，那里经常出事.

crossroads /'kros,rəudz/ [Wn3; C] the place where two roads go across each other（两条路的）交叉路口；十字路口：He stopped his car atthe crossroads and studied the roadsigns.他在十字路口把车停下，仔细察看路标.（fig）She saysshe has come to a crossroads in her life and must decide which way to go.她说，她已走到人生的十字路口，必须作出抉择该走哪条路.

crossing/'krosin/ [C]1 a place at which a road, river，etc， may be crossed 人行横道；行人穿越道；渡口：The teacher warned the children that they should always cross the road at the crossing.教师告诫孩子们过马路时一定要走人行横道．2 a place where roads， lines， tracks，etc cross 交叉点（公路、铁路、道路等平面交叉的道口）；十字路口；平交道（口）

roundabout /'raundə,baut/ BrE, (traffic) circle /('træfik)'s3:kəl/ AmE [C] an intersec-tion where vehicles cannot go direct but must go round in all or part of a circle 环形交叉路口（车辆不能直去而必须转圈或半圈的路口）；环形交通枢纽

cloverleaf (junction) /'kləuvə,li:f ('d3^nkfən)/ [C] esp AmE an intersection of roads which resembles a leaf of the clover [→A158]plant, allowing fast easy movement between two expressways 苜蓿叶形立体交叉路口；四叶式立体交叉路口：At a cloverleaf one highway passes over the other, and both are joined by a system of curved feeder roads [→M127]which let vehicles on and off the highways.在苜蓿叶形立体交叉路口，一干道在另一干道上面通过，两条干道均由弯曲的支路系统连接起来，通过这些支路，车辆可以驶入或驶离干道.

bypass /'bai,pa:s/ 1 [C] part of a main road that is built to go round a town, etc, instead of through it（绕过市镇的）旁道；旁路2［T1］to goround （a town，etc） on a bypass（利用旁道）绕过；绕道3［T1］（fig） to go round （something） 回避；绕过：He tries to bypass all the difficulties in life.他想回避人生的各种难题.

M136 nouns， etc 名词等：bridges and

tunnels［C］桥梁与隧道

bridge/brid3/1 [often in comb] a road or path that is built over a river, railway, or another road 桥；桥梁：There＇s a footbridge over the river.那河上有一座人行桥.Paris is famous forits many bridges over the Seine.巴黎以塞纳河上的许多桥梁而著称.The new Forth RoadBridge crosses the river Forth near the old Forth Railway Bridge, not far from Edin-burgh.新佛斯公路桥在靠近老佛斯铁路桥的地方横跨佛斯河，离爱丁堡不远． 2 ［T1］ to put a bridgeover（something）架桥于；用桥连接：They

roundabout crossroads

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M150 SHIPPING 船舶

bridged the river with trees.他们用树在河上架桥.

footbridge /'fut,brid3/ a narrow bridge to be used only by people walking 人行桥；步行桥

suspension bridge a bridge hung from steel cables［→H46］ fixed to towers 吊桥；悬索桥cantilever bridge a bridge made of two canti-

levers(= long armlike beams of metal) that meet in the middle 悬臂桥

span/spæn/ 1 the distance between any two supporting objects, esp in the length of a bridge，etc（尤指桥两个支柱间的）跨距；礅距；跨度：the span of a bridge 桥的跨度；a span of 80metres 八十米宽的跨距 2［T1］ to stretch fromone side to the other 跨过；架（从一边至另一边）：Two bridges spanned the river.两座桥横跨在河上.

viaduct/'vaiə,dakt/ a long high bridge esp with many arches [→D26] which carries a road or railway line across a valley（横跨山谷的）高架桥

aqueduct/'ækwi,dakt/ a pipe, bridge,etc that carries a water supply, esp one that is built higher than the land around it, or that goes over a valley 高架渠；水管桥；渡槽：The Romansbuilt many fine aqueducts which are still standing today.古罗马人建造了许多良好的渡槽，至今尚存.

flyover/'flaı,əuvə/ BrE, overpass /,əuvə'pa:s/ AmE a roadway that crosses above another roadway on a special bridge-like structure,esp on a motorway（尤指高速公路上的）立体交叉桥；高架桥；高架公路

subway /'sAb,wei/ BrE a path under a road or railway by which people can get from one side to the other（穿越马路或铁路的）地下道；人行隧道

underpass /'Andə,pa:s/ a way under a road, either another road or （esp） a subway 地下穿越道（行人或行车用）；地下道：Ít＇s too dangerousto cross at the traffic lights;let's go bylunder/ through the underpass.在红绿灯处过马路太危险，走地下道吧.

tunnel /'tanl/ an underground passage,way, road, etc, esp one dug under a mountain, hill, river，town，etc 隧道；地道

Shipping

船舶

M150 nouns 名词：boats［C］船

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船

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| smaller & genl较小及通称larger较大 | boat船ship大船 |

boat／bəut／ ［also 又作 by U； often in comb］ a means of travelling on／across water 船；舟：He crossed the river in a small boat.他乘小舟过河. He crossed the river by steamboat.他乘汽船渡江.He crossed to America by boat.他乘船到美国.The Queen Elizabeth II is a very big boat. 伊利莎白二世女王号是一艘巨轮.

ship／Jip／［also 又作 by U； often in comb］1a large boat for carrying people or goods on the sea 大船；轮船；海船2 infml any large vehicle， esp an aircraft or space vehicle 任何大型运载工具；（尤指）飞机或宇宙飞船

vessel／＇vesəl／ genl a ship or （large） boat 轮船； （大）船：The Port of London is filled with vessels of all kinds.伦敦港泊满了各种船只.Heowns a small fishing vessel; it's a motor vessel.他有一条小渔船，那是一条机动船.

craft/kra:ft/[Wn3] a boat, esp of a small size; vessel船（尤指小船）

tub ／tab／ infml ＆ sometimes deprec a boat 船： You surely don't go to sea in an old tub like that！你该不会乘那样的老爷船去航海吧！

M151 nouns 名词：boats in general 船的总称

shipping／＇fipi／ ［U］ ships as a group （总称）船舶：A lot of the world＇s shipping passes through the English Channel.世界上有许多船只通过英吉利海峡.

fleet/fli:t/[GC] 1 a (large) number of boats or ships, esp warships, sailing together or under one person＇s command 船队；（尤指）舰队：A fleet of fishing boats left the harbour.一支渔船队离开港口．He owns a fleet of 50 ships．他拥有一支五十条船的船队．2 a large number of anykind of vehicles 一大群任何种类的交通工具：afleet of taxis／buses 计程车队／公共汽车队

flotilla /flə'tılə/ [C] a group of ships,esp of small warships 船队；（尤指）小舰队

M152 nouns 名词：smaller kinds of

boats［C；byU］各种小型船只

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canoe

独木舟

rowing boat BrE, rowboat AmE a small boat that is moved through the water by long poles

920

with flat ends （oars ［→M168］）划艇；划子： ＇Rowing Boats for Hire＇（on a notice）.“有划艇出租”（招贴语）.He crossed the river by rowing boat.他乘划艇过河.

canoe /kə'nu:/ a long light narrow boat, pointed at both ends and moved by a flat piece of wood (a paddle [→M168]) held in the hands 独木舟；轻舟；划子：We crossed the lake in a canoe／by canoe.我们划独木舟过湖.

dugout (canoe) /'d^g,aut (kə'nu:)/ a small light boat made by cutting out a deep hollow in a log or treetrunk（把树干挖空而制成的）独木舟

raft/ra:ft/ 1 a flat boat made of large rough pieces of wood 木筏：They escaped from the wrecked ship on a raft.他们乘筏子逃离失事的船．2 also 又作 life raft a flat rubber boat that can be filled with air, carried by aircraft and ships to save life（飞机、轮船上的）救生筏3aflat floating framework used as a landing place for swimmers and for people with small boats（供游泳者和乘小船的人上岸用的）浮台4anumber of tree trunks fastened together to be sent floating down the river 木排

dinghy /'dujgi/ a small open boat used for pleasure or for taking people between a ship and the shore 无篷小游船；（往返于轮船与岸间的）摆渡艇

skiff/skif/ a small light boat for rowing or sail-ing by one person, esp if long and not very wide（单人划的）轻舟；小艇：a racing skiff赛艇

kayak/'karæk/ a light narrow covered boat, esp as used by Eskimos or in sport （尤指爱斯基摩人或体育运动用的）独木舟；小皮艇

sampan /'sæmpæn/ a light flat-bottomed boat used along the coasts and rivers in China and Southeast Asia（中国和东南亚沿海及内河用的）舢舨

yacht/jot/ a light sailing boat, esp one used for racing（见940页彩图）小帆船；（尤指）竞赛用的轻快小帆船

motorboat /'məutə,bəut/ a boat or small ship driven by an engine or electric motor, esp one made to travel fast 汽艇

powerboat /'pavəbəut/ a powerful motorboat 快速汽艇

launch /lo:ntf/ a large usually motor-driven boat used for carrying people on rivers and lakes，in harbours，etc（在江、湖及海港上载客用的）大型汽艇

tug／tag／ also 又作 tugboat ／＇tng，bəut／ a small powerful boat used for guiding large ships into a port， up rivers，etc 拖船

ferry／＇feri／ also 又作 ferryboat／＇feribəut／1 a boat of any size used to take people from one place to another and back, esp across a wide river or narrow sea 渡船； 渡轮：Ferries cross the English Channel all the time.时时刻刻都有渡轮横渡英吉利海峡.He caught the night ferry toFrance.他赶上了去法国的晚班渡轮.You cancross the river by ferry．你可乘渡轮过江．2 the place from which a ferry leaves 渡口：I waited for him at the ferry.我在渡口等他.

hovercraft /'hpvəkra:ft/ a vehicle, esp a large one for carrying passengers, that flies over

M154 SHIPPING 船舶

land or water keeping very close to the surface, and is kept in flight by a strong current of air forced out beneath it 气垫船；气垫运载工具

hydrofoil /'haidrəu,forl/ a large motorboat fitted with an apparatus which raises it out of the water when it moves at high speed 水翼船

M153 nouns 名词： larger kinds of sailing boats［C；by U］各种大型帆船

sailing boat a boat with one or more masts and sails ［→M157］ 帆船：The sail of the sailing boat caught the wind and the boat began to move.帆船的帆遇到了风，船就开始动了.

sailing ship a ship with one or more masts and sails（大）帆船：There were once many more sailing ships than today; most ships today are power-driven，not wind-driven.从前帆船比现在多得多，现在的船大都是机动的，而不是风动的.

galley /'gæli/ a ship which was rowed along by slaves, esp an ancient Greek or Roman war-ship， often having a sail（古代由奴隶划桨的）单层甲板大帆船；（尤指古希腊、罗马的）战舰

longship /'lpnfi/ a kind of long narrow galley with one mast and a square sail once used in northern Europe（曾见于北欧的一种）单桅方帆长船：the Viking longships 北欧海盗帆船

galleon /'gælən/ a large sailing ship, used formerly esp by the Spaniards（古代西班牙人使用的）大帆船

barque/ba:k/ esp BrE, bark /ba:k/ esp AmE 1 a sailing ship with three masts, having square sails on the first two and a three-cornered sail on the third 三桅帆船 2 often lit any small sail-ing ship 任何一种小帆船

brig/brig/ a ship with two masts and large square sails on both of them 方帆双桅帆船

schooner/'sku:nə/ a fast sailing ship with two or sometimes more masts and sails set length-wise rather than across the ship（有两桅或多桅的）纵帆船

clipper /'klipə/ a usu large long sailing ship with one or more special square sails (lug-sails）（有一张或若干张四角帆的）快速帆船

lugger /'lagə/ a small ship with lugsails set in front and behind（船首船尾均有四角帆的）小帆船

junk/d3Agk/ a flat-bottomed Chinese sailing ship with square sails（平底的）中国帆船

M154 nouns 名词：powered ships ［C； by U］机动船

steamship ／＇sti：m，fip／ also 又作 steamboat /'sti:m,bəut/, steamer /'sti:mə/ a boat, usu large，powered by steam 汽船；轮船

(ocean) liner /('əufən) 'laınə/ a large ship,esp a steamship, carrying esp a large number of passengers from one place to another or on a

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M155 SHIPPING 船舶

cruise［→M29］（远洋）客轮；邮轮

yacht /jot/ a large boat used for pleasure, such as one kept by a rich person and usu with an engine（大型）游艇

M155 nouns 名词：ships with special uses ［C；byU］专用船只

[→H249 SHIPS OF WAR]

cutter/'katə/1 a small fast boat belonging to a larger ship, esp used for moving supplies or passengers to or from the land 大轮船的驳船 2a lightly-armed government ship used for preventing smuggling ［C230］缉私船

coaster /'kəustə/ a ship carrying goods along coasts but not across great distances of water 沿岸贸易船；近海航船

trawler/'tro:lə/ a fishing boat that uses a trawl (= a strong net for catching fish just above the sea bottom）拖网渔船

whaler /'weilə/ a ship which (or a person in such a ship who) hunts whales［→A58］捕鲸船； 捕鲸者

tanker/'tænkə/ usu a large ship but also a road or rail vehicle or a plane that is specially built to carry large quantities of gas or liquid, esp oil 油船；油轮；油槽车；运油飞机

barge /ba:d3/ a usu large kind of boat with a flat bottom and with an engine or to be pushed or pulled through the water for carrying esp goods on or across rivers, along coasts，etc大型平底载货船；驳船

lighter /'laitə/ a kind of barge used for taking goods short distances from a large sea-going ship to the shore or to another ship（短程）驳船

icebreaker /'ars,breikə/ a ship which cuts a passage through floating ice 破冰船

lifeboat /'larf,bəut/ 1 a strong boat kept on shore and used for saving people in danger at sea（海上）救生船2 a small boat carrled by a ship for escape in case of wreck，fire，etc（见940页彩图）（船上备用的）救生艇

M156 nouns 名词：merchant ships， etc 商船等

merchant ship also 又作 merchantman［C；by U] a ship used for carrying goods for trading 商船

tramp steamer, tramp ship,tramp [C;by U] a merchant ship that does not make regular trips but takes goods to any port 不定期货船

merchant navy， also 又作 merchant marine AmE，also 又作 mercantile marine BrE ［C］1 those ships of a nation which are used in trading（一个国家的）商船队：a merchant navy of 100 ships 一支拥有一百条船的商船队 2 thepeople who work on these ships（一个国家的） 商船船员：Join the Merchant Navy！参加商船队

吧！

container ship [C; by U] a ship built to carry containers［→H178］集装箱船；货柜船

(shipping) line /('Sipi) lam/ [C] a business that has merchant ships and/or passenger ships travelling regularly from place to place 航运公司

M157 nouns 名词：parts of ships（见 940 页彩图）船的組成部分

engine room [U] the part of a ship where the engines are 轮机舱

boiler room [C] the part of a ship containing the boilers (containers which are heated to change water into steam) used to drive certain kinds of ships＇ engines 锅炉房

fo＇c＇sle also 又作 forecastle／＇fəuksəl／［C］ the front part of a ship where the sailors live 船首楼；艏楼；（轮船前部的）水手舱

cabin /'kæbin/ [C] a room on a ship, esp with bunks（＝ beds） in it 船舱；（尤指设有床的）房舱：You are in Cabin 14，sir．先生，你是在十四号船舱.Where is the captain＇s cabin？船长室在哪里？

berth /b3:θ/[C] a place on esp a ship but also a train where a person can sleep（尤指轮船或火车上的）铺位；卧铺：Have you got your berths on the ship yet？你们在船上有铺位了吗？

galley／＇gæli／［C］ a ship＇s kitchen 船上的厨房

wheelhouse /'wi:l,haus/ [C] the place on a small or older kind of ship where the captain stands at the wheel（see below）（旧式小船的） 舵手室；操舵室

crow's nest [C] a box or shelter near the top of a ship's mast from which a man can watch for danger，land，etc桅楼瞭望台

gangway /'gæn,wei/ [C] an opening in the side of a ship and the movable board (the gang-plank) used to make a bridge to the landor to another ship（船的）舷门；跳板

companionway /kəm'pænıənweı/[C] the stairs leading from a deck to an area below 升降口扶梯

spar /spa:/ [C] a thick pole, esp used on a ship to support sails 圆材；（尤指）帆桁；帆桅

rigging /'rigi/ [U] all the ropes, sails, etc, with which a ship is fitted 船上的全部缆索和帆等；船具

halyard, halliard /'hæljəd/ [C] a rope used to raise or lower a sail or flag 帆或旗的升降索

shrouds /Jraudz/ [P] any of the pairs of supporting ropes connecting a ship's masts to its sides（桅的）左右支索；横桅索

ratlines,ratlins /'rætlinz/ [P] the set of short ropes forming a rope ladder for sailors to climb the shrouds of a ship（船上的）绳梯；索梯tiller /'tilə/ [C] a long handle fastened to the

top end of a small boat's rudder so that it can be turned easily 舵柄

wheel /wi:l/[C] the wheel connected to the rudder of a ship by which its course is di-

922

rected 舵轮（esp in the phrs be at／take the wheel 掌舵）

helm/helm/[C] the wheel or tiller of a ship; the place where the course of a ship is controlled 舵柄；舵轮；操舵室（esp in the phr at the helm 掌着舵

radar /'reida:/ [U] a method of finding the position of solid objects by sending out radio waves and measuring any waves which are returned 雷达

sonar /'səuna:/ [U] a method of finding the position of solid objects underwater by send-ing out sound waves and measuring any waves which are returned 声纳

（其余见彩图）

M158 adverbs，nouns，etc 副词、名词等： positions on ships，etc 船上的位置等

![](data:image/jpeg;base64...)

ahead／ə＇hed／ forward； in front of a ship 向前； 在船的前方：Full speed ahead！全速前进！Theysaw another ship ahead.他们看见前面有另一条船.

abaft /ə'ba:ft/ behind; in the direction of the stern在后面；在船尾；向船尾

windward／＇windwəd／towards the wind 迎风；顶风；上风

leeward／＇li：wəd／away from the wind 向下风；背风

lee/li:/[the R;A] the side towards which the wind blows 下风；背风面；背风

astern/ə'st3:n/ at, towards or behind the stern 在船尾；向船尾；船尾后方

ashore／ə＇fo：／on（to） a shore 在岸上；上岸：The men went ashore.人们离船上岸.

aboard /ə'bo:d/ on (esp a ship, plane, large vehicle，etc）在（船、飞机、车）上：Is everyone aboard？大家都上船（上飞机、上车）了吗？Theywere all aboard ship last night.他们昨晚都上船了.

on deck on the deck; in the open air on a larger ship 到舱面上；在甲板上：He was on deck.他在甲板上.

below／br＇ləu／ not on deck 在下面；在甲板下：He went below to his cabin（＝room）.他下舱房去了.

afloat／ə＇fləut／1 floating 浮；漂浮：The man was still afloat in the water．那个人还在水上漂浮．2at sea；sailing 在海上；在航行中：She／It is one of the best ships afloat.那条船是目前在海上航行的

M160 SHIPPING 船舶

最好船只之一.

overboard／＇əuvə，bəud／ off a ship into the sea从船上落入海中：He fell overboard.他掉进海里了.

aground /ə'graund/ (of a ship) on rocks,sand, etc（指船）搁浅；触礁：The ship ran aground in a storm.船在风暴中搁浅了.

M159 nouns 名词：harbours and yards 港口与船坞

harbour BrE, harbor /'ha:bə/ AmE [C; (into, in) U] 1 an area of water which is sheltered from rougher waters such as those of the sea, so that ships are safe inside it 海港；港口；港湾： We reached harbour at ten.我们于十时抵达港□. Rio de Janeiro is a big natural harbour.里约热内卢是一个大天然港．2（fig）a safe place 安全之地；避难所

haven/'hervən/ [C] 1 rare & old use a harbour 港口2（fig）a place of calm and safety 安全之地；避难所：The child was safe in the haven of his mother＇s arms.婴儿在妈妈怀抱里很安全.

port/po:t/ [C; (into, in)U; often in comb] 1 a town, city, or other place where there are harbours, etc and ships bring in and take away goods （and passengers） 港口城市：South-ampton is a famous portla great seaport.南安普敦是一个著名港口城市／一个大海港．2 a har-bour 港；港口

breakwater /'breik,wo:tə/ [C] any wall or struc-ture that breaks the force of waves, esp at the entrance to a harbour 防波堤

mole/məul/ [C] a large wall-like structure esp of stone set up as a breakwater to (form) a harbour or to act as a road (as from the shore to an island）防波堤；堤道

M160 nouns 名词：quays and docks［C］ 码头与船坞

quay /ki:/ an unmoving place where boats can land, often a stone-built area running out into a sea-harbour 码头（常指伸出海港的固定建筑物）：She was waiting at the quay as the ship came in／was waiting on the quayside.船驶进时她正在码头／码头区等候.

wharf/hwo:f/ a structure built on a shore, river bank, etc so that boats can come alongside to load and unload 码头；停泊处（常指建于岸上的设施）

dock／dpk／1 a wharf 码头；停泊处2 the space or waterway between quays and wharves,etc esp in a port 船坞3 anything like this．类似船坞的场所 the docks ［P］ wharves， quays，and their waterways all together 码头及其航道的总称dockland [U] an area of a city with docks in it 市内的码头区 dockside ［C］ the land beside a dock码头边；码头侧邻区

pier /prə/1 a bridgelike structure built out into the sea at which boats can stop and land their

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M161 SHIPPING 船舶

passengers or goods（伸向水中供旅客、货物上下用的桥状）码头：The ship is now loading at Pier Number 3．船正在三号码头装货．2 an ornamen-tal bridgelike structure of wood, metal, etc built out into the sea at places where people go for holidays, with small buildings on it where people can eat and amuse themseles 游乐码头；栈桥（装饰性的桥状建筑供人度假游乐用，上有餐馆等）：Have you been to the piers at Brighton and Blackpool？你去过布来顿和黑潭的游乐码头吗？He liked Brighton Pier.他喜欢布来顿游乐码头.

jetty/'d3eti/a quay, wharf, or pier esp if small （尤指小的）码头：The boat tied up at the jetty. 小船停靠在小码头.

dockyard /'dpk,ja:d/ a waterside area contain-ing docks, quays, warehouses, etc, esp for building and repairing ships 船舶修造厂

navy yard esp AmE a government dockyard where warships etc are built， repaired，etc 海军造船厂；海军船坞

shipyard /'Ĵip ja:d/ a dockyard, esp for building ships 船舶修造厂；（尤指）造船厂

yard ／ja：d／ infml a dockyard or shipyard 造船厂； 修船厂

dry dock ［also 又作 in U］ a structure able to hold a ship and then to be raised above the water or have the water removed so that the lower outside parts of the ship can be re-paired etc 干坞（能把船身升起并去除积水以便进行修理的设施）：The ship was in dry dock.船在干坞中.

slipway /'slrp,wei/ in a shipyard an area sloping down into the water, down which a newly built ship slides when ready for use（船坞中的）滑台； 滑路；船台

warehouse /'weə,haus/ a building esp at the waterside where goods are stored（尤指水边的）仓库；货栈 bonded warehouse ［C］ a gov-ernment place in which certain goods such as alcoholic drinks are kept until tax is paid on them保税仓库

berth /b3:θ/1 the space provided for a ship beside a quay， in a harbour，etc 停泊地；泊位： Your berth is Berth 2 at Quay 14．你们的泊位是十四号码头二号位．2 the distance between aship and the shore or another ship，etc（船与岸或船与船之间留出的）回旋余地；安全距离

M161 nouns 名词：lighthouses， buoys， etc［C］灯塔、浮标等

lighthouse /'lart,haus/ a tower or other struc-ture, buildings, etc with a light to show ships that a place is dangerous 灯塔

lightship /'lait,fip/ a ship kept in a particular place with a light to show other ships thatthe place is dangerous 灯船

buoy／boi／1 also 又作 marker buoy a floating object fastened to the bed of the sea to show ships where there are rocks, hidden dangers, etc 浮标；航标；航向浮标2 also 又作 life buoyany of several floating means of keeping a

person who has fallen in the water from sink-ing 救生圈

shallows /'Jæləuz/ [P] a shallow part of a sea, etc，esp if dangerous to ships（海上的）浅水处； 浅滩：Keep away from the shallows or you＇ll run aground ［■M158］．不要靠近浅滩，否则你们会搁浅的.

shoal /fəul/ 1 a place where a sea, river, or other stretch of water is shallow 浅水处；浅滩2 a sandbank 沙洲；沙滩

sandbank ／＇sænd，bænk／ also 又作 sandbar /'sænd,ba:/ a large mass or bar of sand formed in a sea or river and making the water shallow 沙洲；沙堤；沙滩：The boat went aground on a sandbank.那条船在沙洲上搁浅了.bank／bænk／ also 又作 bar／ba：／infml a sand-bank or sandbar 沙洲；沙堤；沙滩

M162 nouns ＆ verbs 名词和动词：crews 船员

crew/kru:/1 [GC] the person or people work-ing on a ship，etc， esp the ordinary sailors船员：What is the size of your crew？-We have a crew of 80．你们有多少船员？-我们有八十名．He is on the crew of that American ship.他在那条美国船上当水手.We went out in a boatyesterday; my wife was the captain and I was the crew.我们昨天开船出海，我妻子当船长，我当水手.We need two more crew before the ship can leave port.我们的船还需要补充两名水手才能离港.Is he a member of our crew／one of our crew members？ 他是我们的船员吗？Thecaptain, his officers and the crew all left the ship．船长、高级船员和水手们都离船了．2［IØ；T1usu pass］ to be the crew of （a ship，etc）当水手；当船员：They crewed the ship well.他们在这船上当水手，工作得不错.The ship was crewed bywomen.这条船的船员都是女的.

complement/'kpmpləmənt/[C] tech the full number of officers and other people needed for a ship 船上的定员：We need two more of-ficers and ten more crew to bring the ship to its full complement.我们船还需要补充两名高级船员和十名水手才满员.

man/mæn/[T1] to serve as the crew of (a ship, big gun，etc）在（船上）当水手；在（炮位上）就位：They managed to man the ship although they weren＇t all sailors.尽管他们不全是水手，他们仍能应付船上的工作.Man the guns；we＇re beingattacked！炮手就位，我们正受到攻击！The shipwas manned by women.这条船的船员都是女的.

M163 nouns 名词：sailors，etc［C］水手等

sailor /'seilə/ a person who sails orworks on a ship for money or pleasure 水手；海员；乘船旅行者：He saw the whole world when he was a sailor in the Merchant Navy.他在商船队当水手时游历了整个世界.She is an enthusiastic week-end sailor.她十分热衷于周末乘船出海.

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seaman/'si:mən/1 an ordinary sailor,esp on a merchant ship ［→M156］ or a warship 水手；海员；（尤指商船或战舰的）船员2 apprec a skilledor professional sailor 精通航海事务者 seaman-ship [U] skill and knowledge in sailing,etc a ship 船舶驾驶术；航海技术；船艺

able-bodied seaman, able seaman, ABabbrev a trained ordinary sailor in a navy一级水手；二等水兵

deckhand /'dek,hænd/ a man or boy who is hired to do cleaning and other unskilled work on a ship， esp on the deck［→M157］甲板水手； 舱面水手

hand／hænd／ infml a sailor 船员：All hands on deck！全体船员到甲板上集合！

shipmate /'fip,meit/ a person, usu a sailor, who works on the same ship 同船水手；同船伙伴：Hewas one of my shipmates on the Hercules.他是我在“大力神”号船上的伙伴.

stoker/'stəukə/ a person or machine that puts fuel［■H80］ into a furnace［→H120］烧火工人； 司炉；加煤机；加燃料机

boatman /'bəutmən/ a man who looks after a small boat or who is skilled in sailing smaller boats 船工；船夫；桨手

ferryman/'ferimən/ a man who looks after a ferry［→M152］渡船夫；渡船工人：The ferryman took them across the river.渡船夫渡他们过河.

docker／＇dpkə／， also 又作 longshoreman ／＇log-So:mən/ AmE a man employed to load and unload ships， esp at docks［■M160］码头装卸工人

landlubber /'lænd,labə/ infml a person not used to the sea and ships 不习惯海上生活的人；旱鸭子

M164 nouns 名词：ship＇s officers， etc ［C］ 高级船员等

captain／＇kæptin／［also 又作 A］（the title of） the person in command of a ship 船长：Where＇s the captain？ 船长在哪里？Captain Jones commands this ship.琼斯船长指挥这艘船.

skipper ／＇skıpə／ infml a captain 船长：Where＇s the skipper？船长在哪里？

master ／＇ma：ste／ fml a captain 船长：Who＇s master of this ship？谁是此船的船长？

mate/meit/ any of a number of officers having particular duties esp on a merchant ship [→M156］（尤指商船的）高级船员

first mate also 又作 first officer，chief mate， chief officer, mate the officer next to captain esp on a merchant ship（尤指商船的）大副

second mate also 又作 second officer the offi-cer next to the first mate（尤指商船的）二副

steward／＇stju：əd／also 又作 ship＇s steward the officer on a passenger ship who looks after the needs of the passengers（客轮上的）服务员； 侍者

purser /'pa:sə/ the officer on an esp passenger ship who looks after its money matters and who keeps money， etc forits passengers（尤指

M166 SHIPPING 船舶

客轮上专职财务的）事务长

boatswain /'bəut,swein/, bosun /'bəusən/ an officer on esp a merchant ship or warship in charge of the ship＇s general equipment （尤指商船上的）水手长；（军舰上管一般设备的）军士长

M165 verbs 动词：mooring and docking 停泊与入坞

moor/muə/ [T1; IØ] to fasten (a boat, ship,etc) to land, the bed of the sea, etc by means of a rope，chains，etc 使（船）停泊；系泊；系留：They moored just outside the harbour.他们就停泊在港口外面.The ship was moored just off the shore.那船就系泊在离岸不远的地方.Where canI moor？我的船可以在哪儿系泊？moorings［P］1ropes and chains, etc used to moor a boat, ship，etc 系泊用具2 a place where a boat，ship， etc can be moored 系泊处

dock/dpk/[IØ; T1] to (cause to) come into or remain in a dock［→M160］（使）进入船坞；（使） 靠码头：The ship docked at Liverpool／was docked at Glasgow.船停靠在利物浦／停靠在格拉斯哥.

berth/b3:0/ [IØ; T1] to (cause to) come into a berth ［→M160］（使）停泊：They berthed at Southampton.他们停泊在南安普敦.When theship was safely berthed they went into the town.船安全停泊后，他们就上岸进城去了.

anchor /'ænkə/1 [T1] to fasten (a ship) to the sea bottom with an anchor［■M157］ 抛锚泊（船）2［IØ］to stop sailing 抛锚：We anchored off Newport．我们在纽波特港外抛锚．3［T1；IØ］（fig） to （cause to） be fixed firmly（使）固定住； （使）稳固：My beliefs arefirmly anchored in reality，I hope.我希望我的信念是牢牢地扎根在现实之中的.anchorage ［C］ a place near land where ships can anchor 停泊所；锚地：The entrance to the river is a good anchorage for ships.这河口是一个很好的船只停泊所.

drop anchor ［IØ］ not fml to anchor a ship 抛锚： They dropped anchor just off the coast.他们就在海岸边抛锚.

tie up [v adv IØ; T1] infml to moor, dock,berth, etc 系泊；停泊；靠码头：Where will you tie up forthe night？你们将在哪里停泊过夜？They tied upat Liverpool Docks.他们停泊在利物浦港.

put in [v adv IØ (at)] (of a ship) to come into (a harbour，etc）（指船）入港；靠码头：They put in at Liverpool for fresh supplies.他们在利物浦进港补充物资.

come/go alongside [v adv IØ] (of one ship) to come／go right up beside another ship（指一艘船）傍靠（另一艘船）：They came／went alongside and asked to speak to the captain.他们把船开到我们船／另一艘船的旁边，要求同船长谈话.

M166 verbs，etc 动词等：setting sail 启航

set sail [IØ(for)] (of a ship, whether having sails or not） to leave a harbour，etc（指有帆或

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