我看了@137229提供的附件,似乎是最新版本的文本。我觉得单词词义的年代变化这一块可以不要。手头有个2022版本的mdx(关于词典:pacid),我觉得这种编排方式不错。如果能翻译出释义就是一件大功。
abacus n.
Brit. /ˈabəkəs/, U.S. /ˈæbəkəs/
Inflections: Plural abacuses, abaci Brit. /ˈabəsʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈæbəˌsaɪ/.
Forms: Middle English agabus, Middle English– abacus.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin abacus.
Etymology: < classical Latin abacus slab-topped table, sideboard, slab at the top of a column, counting-board or sand table, board for playing games on, in post-classical Latin also the art of arithmetic (beginning of the 12th cent.) < ancient Greek ἄβακ-, ἄβαξ counting-board, plate, in Hellenistic Greek also board sprinkled with sand or dust for drawing geometrical diagrams, dice-board, of unknown origin; perhaps a loanword. Compare Middle French, French abaque counting board (c1160in Old French in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1701), the art of arithmetic (1267 as abac), upper part of the capital of a column (1561), Catalan àbac (1489), Spanish abaco (1605), Portuguese abaco (1548), Italian abaco (13th cent.). ※ In form agabus with metathesis of consonants.
1.
a. A board or tray strewn with sand in which numbers, letters, diagrams, etc., can be traced and erased. Cf. sandboard n. 1, sand-table n. (a) at sand n.2 Compounds 2a. Now rare (historical in later use).
b. Any of various devices on which calculation or counting is performed manually: esp. a frame with rows of wires or grooves along which beads are slid to perform calculations; (also) a table on which quantities are reckoned by means of counters, which are either loose or fixed to lines (now rare). ※ The ancient abacus usually contained grooves with beads sliding in them. The type with wires or rods with beads mounted on them appears to have spread from China and is widely used commercially in India, Africa, and the Far East (formerly also in the Soviet Union) (cf. soroban n., suan-pan n.); it was also used in the West in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an aid for teaching children.
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Architecture. The upper member of the capital of a column, supporting the architrave. ※ The form of the abacus differs: for example, in the Tuscan, Doric, and Ionic orders, it is a square or rectangular flat plate, but in the Corinthian and Composite orders, it is variously cut and ornamented. ※ Occasionally the abacus contains an inscription.
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Ancient Greek History and Roman History. A sideboard.